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71364927
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eunice%20Powers%20Cutter
|
Eunice Powers Cutter
|
Career and activism
Between 1848 and 1857, Cutter traveled with her husband and lectured to various women's groups throughout New England about health. He lectured on anatomy, physiology, and hygiene to schools and colleges in thirty states during the same period. Calvin published a textbook Anatomy and Physiology in 1846, which was reprinted fifteen times before being revised in 1848 and 1852 with the assistance of his wife. Cutter published her first book, Human and Comparative Physiology in the early 1850s. Whereas her husband published works for university-level students, Cutter's book was aimed at children. Hiram A. Wright, the Superintendent of Public Instruction of Wisconsin described the book as "of the highest importance" for introduction to common schools for twelve year old pupils, to enable students to learn about their own bodies, function of organs, and proper hygiene. It was revised as Human and Comparative Anatomy, Physiology, and Hygiene in 1854 and reprinted in 1855. The book was divided into four parts, including in part one the circulatory, digestive, respiratory and vocal systems; in part two, the nervous system; in part three, the bones, muscles, and skin; and in part four, a question and answer review. The New York Evangelist described it as a concise, illustrated outline of the basic principles of health and the body, which was clearly presented and useful for schools.
| 2.875
| 0
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71364932
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qrashel
|
Qrashel
|
Qrashel or Krachel () or Lgorss () are Moroccan traditional sweet sesame rolls, made with anise and fennel. They can be served with tea or coffee, and dipped in cheese, olive oil, jam or honey. The rolls are similar to French brioche, but the anise seeds give them an extra flavor.
Qrashel are known in Moroccan cuisine at least since the late Wattasid and early Saadian era (mid 16th century). The Wattasid governor of Marrakech, Nasser Bouchentouf, was notoriously murdered with poisoned Qrashel.
Name
The Moroccan term "Qrashel" is in the plural form, with the singular "qershala", and diminutive "qrishla". The later can also refer to small sesame Moroccan sweets, that otherwise share no resemblance with Qrashel.
The name of these Moroccan buns can differ from region to region. "Krach" is common in northern Morocco, while "krachet" is common in the southern regions.
Recipe
The recipe for Qrashel can differ from region to region. But most commonly would include milk, eggs, anise seeds, sesame, sugar, baker's yeast, orange flower water, butter and flour. Some recipes also add chocolate.
The preparation of the dough can take up to 2 hours, while the baking can take around 30 to 40 minutes in a pre-heated oven to 350 degrees F (around 175 C).
| 2.265625
| 0
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71365200
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20regions%20of%20Saskatchewan
|
List of regions of Saskatchewan
|
Cardinal regions
The province is regularly divided into three regions of Northern, Central, and Southern Saskatchewan, the latter two of which include the subregions of East-Central, Southeast, Southwestern, and West-Central Saskatchewan. Along with these regions, the terms Northwestern and Northeastern Saskatchewan may be used to refer to the furthest north reaches of Central Saskatchewan; or, less often, they may be used to divide Northern Saskatchewan into two.
Northern Saskatchewan, the northern half of the province, mostly uninhabited, with its southern boundary often defined near Prince Albert and the start of the boreal forest.
Central Saskatchewan, the part of the province located between Northern and Southern Saskatchewan, including Saskatoon and the most densely populated parts of the province, with its northern boundary often defined at the boreal forest tree line and its southern boundary at Lake Diefenbaker and the Qu'Appelle Valley.
East-Central Saskatchewan, centred around Hudson Bay and Yorkton.
West-Central Saskatchewan, centred around Kindersley and the Battlefords.
Southern Saskatchewan, the southernmost portion of the province, including Moose Jaw, Regina, and Swift Current, with its northern boundary often identified at Lake Diefenbaker and the Qu'Appelle Valley.
Southeast Saskatchewan, the southeastern corner of the province, centred around Estevan and Weyburn and often including the Regina and Qu'Appelle Valley areas.
Southwest Saskatchewan, the southwestern corner of the province, including the Big Muddy Badlands, Cypress Hills, Grasslands National Park, Swift Current, and sometimes the Lake Diefenbaker and Moose Jaw areas.
| 2.71875
| 0
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71366390
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20John%20Arabin
|
William John Arabin
|
General William John Arabin (1750–1827) was an 18th/19th century British Army commander of Irish/French descent who was a flamboyant figure during the Napoleonic Wars. In the terminology of the day, he was a "macaroni".
Life
He was born in Dublin on 27 December 1750, the son of Colonel John Arabin (1703–1757) famed for raising the 57th (West Middlesex) Regiment of Foot at the onset of the Seven Years' War, and his French wife Jeanne Marie Bertin.
In 1789 he was a colonel in the British Army. He was promoted to major general in 1798.
In 1812 he was living in West Drayton and was involved in a court case at the Old Bailey when he prosecuted a local man, William Little, for stealing a fowl worth 18 old pence (£0.08). Little was found Not Guilty.
In 1819 he purchased the Lind estate which sat on the shoreline near Ryde on the Isle of Wight.
On 4 June 1814 he was promoted to full general.
He died on 13 September 1827 in West Drayton and was buried at West Drayton Parish Church. His tomb was sculpted by Thomas Denman. His will was settled in February 1829 and is held at the National Archive at Kew.
Artistic recognition
General Arabin was portrayed in foppish stance by James Gillray in 1802 at the height of the Napoleonic Wars.
Family
He married twice:
Firstly to Henrietta Molyneux, daughter of Sir Capel Molyneux, 3rd Baronet, secondly to Catherine Louisa Le Marchant. Rarely for the times, he divorced his wife Henrietta for adultery with Thomas Sutton of Moulsey in 1786. His second wife Catherine (1771-1834) was from Guernsey and was twenty years his junior.
He had at least six children:
Gustavis Arabin
William St Julien Arabin
Mary Elizabeth Arabin
Alfred Arabin
Laura Mary Caroline Arabin
Admiral Septimus Arabinus Arabin (1798–1856)
He had at least one illegitimate son: Thomas born in 1820, the son of Jane Kemp, a servant at his mansion at Ryde.
| 1.953125
| 0
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71366545
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Andalusia
|
History of Andalusia
|
Apparently, Tartessos also maintained commercial exchanges with the Greek Phocians who according to Herodotus were their allies. However, after the battle of Alalia, around 537 BC, the Phocaean trade was also blocked by the Carthaginians or Punics, who around the year 500 BC definitively relieved the Phoenicians in the Mediterranean trade, controlling militarily the Strait of Gibraltar and making inaccessible the penetration of the other Mediterranean peoples towards the Atlantic. Likewise, the influence of the Etruscans, another people commercially present in Tartessos, ended up falling after the rise of Rome. All this caused an irreversible commercial crisis in Tartessos.
From all of the above, it can be said that the Tartessos civilization developed from the Old and Middle Bronze Age, simultaneously with the cultures of El Argar and Los Millares until the 6th century BC when it collapsed. Tartessos extended over most of the Andalusian territory, the Algarve and part of the Region of Murcia, although its main axis was located in the triangle formed by the cities of Huelva, Seville and Cadiz. Its most significant activity was mining and metallurgy (gold, silver, iron and copper), although agriculture, livestock, fishing and maritime trade were also practiced, where it was a strategic point between the Mediterranean and Atlantic routes, key for Phoenician trade with tin from the British Isles.
| 2.96875
| 0
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71366949
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodors%20Za%C4%BCkalns
|
Teodors Zaļkalns
|
Teodors Zaļkalns (born Teodors Grīnbergs; 30 November 1876 – 6 September 1972) was a Latvian sculptor, poet, medalist and teacher who was among the first professional Latvian sculptors.
Biography
He was born in 1876 in Allažu parish in the family of a farmer and merchant. Grīnbergs studied at the Allaži parish school, then at the Riga city real school. In 1893, he entered the Stiglitz Central School of Technical Drawing in St. Petersburg, specializing in decorative painting and etching. In 1899, he went to study in Munich, then to Paris with the aim of improving his decorative painting skills, but after meeting Auguste Rodin, he decided to become a sculptor.
After returning to St. Petersburg, he worked in a jewelry company, where he created models for human and animal figurines. In the summers he returned home and worked mainly on portraits. In 1903, he moved to Yekaterinburg, where he worked as an art teacher. At the same time, he also created portraits and statuettes. In 1907, he went to Italy and studied the technology of bronze casting and marble processing in Florence, becoming acquainted with the works of Italian old masters. From 1909 he lived in St. Petersburg, and was a teacher at the Stiglitz Central School of Technical Drawing (1918-1919).
With the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, he signed his works with the pseudonym Zaļkalns, which is a direct translation from German into Latvian of the surname "Grinberg". In 1930, the pseudonym became the official name of the sculptor.
In 1918-1919, together with his compatriots, Ernests Štālbergs, Kārlis Zāle, Gustavs Šķilters, Jānis Tilbergs and Burkards Dzenis, he participated in the practical implementation of the Lenin's Plan of "Monumental Propaganda".
| 2.4375
| 0
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71366949
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodors%20Za%C4%BCkalns
|
Teodors Zaļkalns
|
During this period he created and installed two monuments, one to the democratic revolutionary Nikolai Chernyshevsky and to the member of the Paris Commune, Auguste Blanqui. He also created models of monuments to composers Modest Mussorgsky and Alexander Scriabin and revolutionary lieutenant Pyotr Schmidt.
In 1920, he returned to Latvia, lived and worked in Riga where he founded the artists' association . He participated in the competitions for two monuments of Riga, the Brothers' Graves (1921–1922) and the Freedom Monument (1922–1929), but lost in the competition with Kārlis Zāle. He wrote a collection of poetry called "Poems" which were published in 1924.
In 1930, he Latvianized his surname from Grīnbergs to Zaļkalns.
He created busts of the writer Jānis Akurāteras (1929) and poet Aspazija (1931), the tombstone of the poet Jānis Poruks in the Meža cemetery in Riga and the Fricis Bārda monument in the Umurgas cemetery. In Kazdang, a monument carved by him to Yuri Māteru was installed, and in Plācī a tab for those who fell in the First World War (1931).
A multi-meter sculpture of a pig, which could also be perceived as a symbol of Latvian bacon, was planned to be installed in the Central Market in 1937, but this plan was not implemented.
In 1938, a monument to Atis Kronvalds designed by him was unveiled at the then Writers' House in Sigulda.
| 2.15625
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71367234
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Dickens%20in%20His%20Study
|
Charles Dickens in His Study
|
Charles Dickens in His Study is an oil on canvas painting by English artist William Powell Frith, created in 1859. The painting is signed and dated at the lower left, 'W P Frith fecit 1859'. It is held at the Victoria and Albert Museum, in London.
History and description
It was John Forster, a friend and biographer of English writer Charles Dickens, who commissioned the current portrait from Frith, at the height of Dickens' fame. Firth was also a great admirer of Dickens and took often inspiration from his work in his genre paintings. Forster had a similar photograph of Dickens to be taken before the painting, but Frith decided to ignore it and didn't use it. Frith seems to have struggled to finish the portrait. In a letter of the same year, he wrote about his "portrait of Charles Dickens whose troublesome face I shall remember to the day of my death". Forster appreciated the final result, unlike Dickens, because he didn't like the way his expression was depicted in it. Dickens stated that "it is a little too much (to my thinking) as if my next door neighbour were my deadly foe, uninsured, and I had just received tidings of his house being a-fire."
The portrait depicts Dickens seated in his house study, in Bloomsbury, looking to his left, while not facing directly the viewer, with legs crossed, with one hand on his pocket and the other arm on the chair. In his secretary, to the right, some pages of the first chapter of A Tale of Two Cities, the novel he was then working on, can be seen, as well as two volumes. At the bottom right appears a wicker basket.
| 2.5625
| 0
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71367494
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cormac%20Bourke
|
Cormac Bourke
|
Cormac Bourke (born in Dublin) is an Irish archeologist specialising in Medieval studies, early church history and insular Christianity. He is a former, long term, curator of Medieval Antiquities at the Ulster Museum, Belfast, and currently works at the antiquities department of the National Museum of Ireland.
His publications focus on early medieval Irish metalwork and the archaeology of saint's relics, and range from surveys of early Irish hand-bells, to Insular croziers, Celtic brooches, crucifixion plaques and cumdachs.
Describing his widely praised 2022 book, The Early Medieval Hand-bells of Ireland and Britain, on a topic that was relatively under-studied, the National Museum of Ireland wrote that the "breadth of research undertaken, and extraordinary level of detail and description provided throughout...make it the most authoritative study ever undertaken on medieval hand-bells...[and] an immense achievement both nationally and internationally."
Selected publications
Books
The Early Medieval Hand-bells of Ireland and Britain. Dublin: Wordwell, 2022.
"Bell-Shrines". In: Moss, Rachel. Medieval c. 400—c. 1600: Art and Architecture of Ireland. London: Yale University Press, 2014.
Studies in the Cult of Saint Columba, Dublin: Four Courts Press, 1997.
Patrick: The Archaeology of a Saint. Stationery Office Books, 1993. .
| 2.1875
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71367872
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial%20segregation%20in%20Canada
|
Racial segregation in Canada
|
Ontario
In Sarnia, a 1946 property deed for a Lake Huron community of approximately 100 cottage lots specified that property could only be owned by whites of a particular racial background. These clauses were all upheld by court decisions until the Canadian constitution came into effect.
In 1944, Ontario enacted the Racial Discrimination Act, which prohibited the publication or display, of any notice, sign, symbol, emblem or other representation on lands, premises, by newspaper or radio, that indicated racial discrimination.
Nova Scotia
In 1946, Viola Desmond, a black woman, refused to leave the segregated whites-only section of the Roseland Theatre in New Glasgow, Nova Scotia. Viola Desmond was arrested, jailed overnight and convicted without legal representation for an obscure tax offence as a result. Despite the efforts of the Nova Scotian Black community to assist her appeal, Viola Desmond was unable to remove the charges against her and went unpardoned in her lifetime.
Quebec
Before becoming a province, Quebec was known as New France, which was a French colony. As a French colony, slavery existed under Le Code Noir. This influenced later policies where black people were seen as inferior to white people. In the education system, black children were streamed into different careers, creating a segregated workforce. In the 1950s, black women were only permitted to settle in Quebec if they were domestic workers.
| 3.140625
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71368642
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital%20punishment%20in%20Myanmar
|
Capital punishment in Myanmar
|
Capital punishment in Myanmar is a legal penalty. Myanmar is classified as a "retentionist" state. Before 25 July 2022, Myanmar was considered "abolitionist in practice," meaning a country has not executed anyone in the past ten years or more and is believed to have an established practice or policy against carrying out executions. Between 1988 and 2022, no legal executions were carried out in the country. In July 2022, four democratic activists, including Zayar Thaw and Kyaw Min Yu, were executed.
There have been at least 25,000 extrajudicial killings since the start of the Rohingya genocide on 9 October 2016. Also, two de facto autonomous states, Wa State and Mong La, are reported to carry out executions.
Myanmar abstained from voting regarding the 2020 United Nations moratorium on the death penalty.
There were at least 86 new death sentences in Myanmar in 2021. This was a significant increase on previous years; Amnesty International credits this to the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état, and the subsequent martial law since February of that year.
Myanmar is one of only three countries believed to have people on death row for crimes committed as juveniles as of 24 May 2022; Myanmar is believed to have at least two, along with Iran with 80, and the Maldives with five. Myanmar also sentenced people to death in absentia in 2021, and sentenced people to death in trials considered unfair, according to Amnesty International.
| 2.703125
| 0
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71369011
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex%20Espinoza%20%28writer%29
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Alex Espinoza (writer)
|
Alex Espinoza is an American writer and educator, living in Los Angeles. He has written the novels Still Water Saints (2007) and The Five Acts of Diego León (2013), as well as Cruising: An Intimate History of a Radical Pastime (2019).
Life and work
Espinoza was born in Tijuana, Mexico and moved with his family to the United States at age two, growing up in suburban Los Angeles. He graduated from the University of California, Riverside, and earned an MFA from the University of California, Irvine's Program in Writing.
He teaches at the University of California, Riverside where he serves as the Tomás Rivera Endowed Chair of Creative Writing, and lives in Los Angeles.
Publications
Still Water Saints, published in Spanish as "Los Santos de Agua Mansa, California" (Random House, 2007)
The Five Acts of Diego León (Random House, 2013)
Cruising: An Intimate History of a Radical Pastime (Unnamed, 2019)
Awards
2014: American Book Award from the Before Columbus Foundation for The Five Acts of Diego León
2014: Fellowship in Prose from the National Endowment for the Arts
2019: MacDowell fellowship
| 2.046875
| 0
|
71369185
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotoca%20goslinei
|
Allotoca goslinei
|
Allotoca goslinei, commonly known as the banded allotoca or tiro rayado in Spanish, is a species of fish in the family Goodeidae. First described in 1987, it was once endemic only to the Ameca River basin in the Mexican state of Jalisco. It is now known to be extinct in the wild.
Its specific name honors American ichthyologist William A. Gosline for his research on cyprinodontoid fish.
Morphology
On average, males are 31.9mm long and females are 33.6mm long. It has two rows of conical teeth. A. goslinei differs from others in Allotoca by the number of vertebrae, supraorbital pores, and number of vertical stripes on its side.
Habitat
A. goslinei inhabited small pools that feed into the Ameca River, preferring to reside in still, shallow waters beneath algae and floating plants.
Diet
Their diet likely consists of small arthropods.
Sexual dimorphism
This species is sexually dimorphic in coloring and fin length. Notably males have a longer dorsal fin than females.
Conservation
With only one known population located in a single tributary of the Ameca River, A. goslinei is an evolutionarily significant unit. Though this species was first discovered in 1987, pollution led to population decline by the 1990s and by the 2000s, a more rapid decline took place after the introduction of Xiphophorus helleri.
Extinction
This species is now considered extinct in the wild, with the last known wild individuals were observed in 2004. No wild populations or individuals were found in surveys from 2005 and later. Small captive populations exist in Mexico, the United States, and Europe.
| 2.78125
| 0
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71369359
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner%20ear%20decompression%20sickness
|
Inner ear decompression sickness
|
Classification
DCS is classified by symptoms. The earliest descriptions of DCS used the terms: "bends" for joint or skeletal pain; "chokes" for breathing problems; and "staggers" for neurological problems. In 1960, Golding et al. introduced a simpler classification using the term "Type I ('simple')" for symptoms involving only the skin, musculoskeletal system, or lymphatic system, and "Type II ('serious')" for symptoms where other organs (such as the central nervous system) are involved. Type II DCS is considered more serious and usually has worse outcomes. This system, with minor modifications, may still be used today. Following changes to treatment methods, this classification is now much less useful in diagnosis, since neurological symptoms may develop after the initial presentation, and both Type I and Type II DCS have the same initial management.
Decompression illness and dysbarism
The term dysbarism encompasses decompression sickness, arterial gas embolism, and barotrauma, whereas decompression sickness and arterial gas embolism are commonly classified together as decompression illness when a precise diagnosis cannot be made. DCS and arterial gas embolism are treated very similarly because they are both the result of gas bubbles in the body. The U.S. Navy prescribes identical treatment for Type II DCS and arterial gas embolism. Their spectra of symptoms also overlap, although the symptoms from arterial gas embolism are generally more severe because they often arise from an infarction (blockage of blood supply and tissue death).
| 2.09375
| 0
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71369359
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner%20ear%20decompression%20sickness
|
Inner ear decompression sickness
|
Predisposing factors
Several factors are considered likely to increase the risk of IEDCS:
Environmental: Deep depth of dive; long exposure at depth, causing relatively high saturation of the affected tissues; gas switches, particularly of gases with significantly different diffusivity, such as helium and nitrogrn. Helium diffuses into tissues faster than nitrogen diffuses out, which may cause supersaturation even without reducing ambient pressure. Significant post-dive venous bubble presence and tissue supersaturation has been recorded from technical divers after long or deep dives. Deep saturation excursions nearing upward or downward excursion limits.
Personal: Not conclusively established, but a right-to-left shunt has been associated with several cases. Other studies suggest that most cases are associated with a shunt and significant venous bubble presence, and tissue supersaturation.
Other circumstantial predisposing factors include consecutive days of diving, with repetitive dives per day, which contribute towards slow tissue saturation, and activity which causes an increase in intrathoracic pressure, which could cause venous blood with a bubble load to be shunted.
Mechanism
| 2.109375
| 0
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71369359
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner%20ear%20decompression%20sickness
|
Inner ear decompression sickness
|
Diagnosis
IEDCS and inner ear barotrauma (IEBt) are the inner ear injuries associated with ambient pressure diving, both of which manifest as cochleovestibular symptoms. The similarity of symptoms makes differential diagnosis difficult, which can delay appropriate treatment or lead to inappropriate treatment.
A test of pressure can effectively identify that the problem is DCS if the symptoms resolve rapidly on recompression. The effectiveness of this test will largely depend on how soon it can be done after the symptoms manifest. Delays can allow oedema and ischaemia damage to develop, which may take longer to resolve. Failure to resolve rapidly under repressurisation does not necessarily indicate that IEDCS is not the problem, or that bubbles do not or did not exist.
Differential diagnosis between vertigo caused by IEDCS and all the other possible causes of vertigo in divers relies on dive history and test of pressure.
Other possible causes of vertigo in divers:
Inner ear barotrauma can lead to varying degrees of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss as well as vertigo. It is also common for conditions affecting the inner ear to result in auditory hypersensitivity. Two possible mechanisms are associated with forced Valsalva manoeuvre. In the one, the Eustachian tube opens in response to the pressure, and a sudden rush of high pressure air into the middle ear causes stapes footplate dislocation and inward rupture of the oval or round window. In the other, the tube remains closed and increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure is transmitted through the cochlea and causes outward rupture of the round window.
| 2.296875
| 0
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71369375
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Hervey%20Fox
|
Paul Hervey Fox
|
Paul Hervey Fox (March 13, 1894 November 1, 1956) was an American playwright, novelist, and screenwriter. He wrote several films during the pre-Code era and Hollywood golden age, including Mandalay (1934), Grand Finale (1936), The Last Train from Madrid (1937), Safari (1940), A Gentleman at Heart (1942), and The Stars Are Singing (1953). He also published several novels and short stories, and wrote five Broadway plays.
He was the father of author Paula Fox, whose mother was Cuban writer Elsie Fox (née de Sola). He is the biological grandfather of Linda Carroll, and great-grandfather of her daughter, rock musician Courtney Love.
Life and career
Fox was born in New York City in 1894 to Winfield Douglas Fox and Mary Finch. Fox's paternal great-grandmother, Jane, immigrated to the United States from her native Nova Scotia, Canada. He was the cousin of writer Faith Baldwin and actor Douglas Fairbanks. Fox was raised in Yonkers, New York, and was "thrown out of three [different] colleges." At age nineteen, Fox sold his first story to The Smart Set, a New York-based literary magazine.
Fox married Cuban writer Elsie de Sola in 1923, and they had a daughter, Paula Fox, born the same year. Elsie initially gave their daughter to a foundling hospital, but reclaimed her shortly after. Paula was largely raised by relatives and friends in the United States and Cuba, until around age seven, when she briefly lived with Paul and Elsie in Los Angeles, where the couple had relocated to pursue screenwriting in Hollywood. Paula recalled that her father was a "far-gone alcoholic, bent on placating Elsie and just about everybody else," though she stated he was "charming and almost affectionate." Paula would later refer to her mother as a "sociopath." In 1944, Paula gave birth to a daughter, Linda Carroll, whom she gave up for adoption. Carroll is a therapist and the mother of musician Courtney Love ( 1964).
| 1.953125
| 0
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71369519
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education%20for%20Economic%20Security%20Act
|
Education for Economic Security Act
|
Title I: National Science Foundation Mathematics and Science Programs
Title I created programs to support math and science teachers through grants and training programs. Part A authorized the National Science Foundation (NSF) to provide grants for state governments, local governments, and institutions of higher education to fund additional education and training for teachers. Part B authorized the NSF to create programs with local governments and institutions of higher education to develop training programs and materials for teachers. Part C established the Congressional Merit Scholarships in Mathematics, Science, and Engineering Education, and it authorized the NSF to award these scholarships to exceptional college students majoring in education. Part D authorized the Director of the NSF to use funds granted by the act to create programs supporting math and science education. Part E granted the NSF additional privileges to carry out the act, guaranteed support for private school teachers, reiterated the prohibition on federal control of education, and authorized the appropriation of $104 million to be used for Title I the act in the fiscal years 1984 and 1985.
This title was rewritten to include engineering education in 1986.
| 2.359375
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71369834
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacrifice%20to%20Heaven
|
Sacrifice to Heaven
|
Sacrifice to Heaven () is an Asian religious practice originating in the worship of Shangdi in China. In Ancient Chinese society, nobles of all levels constructed altars for Heaven. At first, only nobles could worship Shangdi but later beliefs changed and everyone could worship Shangdi.
Modern Confucian churches make this practice available to all believers and it continues in China without a monarch.
It has been influential on areas outside of China including Japan, Vietnam, and Korea.
The Jì () in the Chinese name is the same Je as in Jesa.
History
It first originated in the Shang dynasty. During the Zhou dynasty, Sacrifice to Heaven and Fen Shan, were privileges enjoyed exclusively by the Son of Heaven due to Shendao teachings.
The rites have been performed at the Temple of Heaven since the Ming dynasty and are still performed today
Some scholars believe that Qing involvement with the ritual standardized Manchu rituals with the book of Manchu rites, but this is unsupported
Since the early years of the Republic of China, Kang Youwei's Confucian movement advocated the separation of Religious Confucianism from the state bureaucracy, allowing everyone to Sacrifice to Heaven according to the Christian model.
In the 21st century, it is done without a monarch. It is sometimes done in other locations aside from the Temple of Heaven, such as in Fujian in 2015
In Korea
In Korea, Sacrifice to Heaven is read as Jecheon (Hanja: 祭天). It is also identified with the word yeonggo 영고 (迎鼓) and has a history linked to Korean shamanism, in addition to Chinese influence.
In Buyeo, during the yeonggo festival which was held in December, prisoners would be released and judgments given. It was used as a political tool. in a manner similar to a jubilee.
These ceremonies were typically characterized by communal and thanksgiving aspects and in Buyeo, it was done after the harvest.
| 2.65625
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71370516
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willow%20Plunge
|
Willow Plunge
|
In the early 1920s, Kinnard had a small pond on his property that was being used as a swimming hole by local youth. He intended to enlarge it and make a fish pond, but the local citizens, mostly young people, begged him to make it into a bona fide swimming pool and he agreed. He named it "Willow Plunge" because of the Willow trees that surrounded the area. Kinnard piped spring water to his newly constructed concrete pool that measured 75 x 150 feet (23 x 46 m). Electric lights were added. The enterprise started slowly because of drought and problems with algae, but a chloride and ammonia purification system helped. To further improve water quality Kinnard created a wall separating the pool into two halves. He piped cold spring water into one pool all week to fill it, then every Sunday night he would drain the second pool and refill it with the fresh water from the first pool. He took the "used" water to irrigate the landscaping. The new pool was a commercial success; Franklin resident Jack McCall recalled, "It was the most immaculately-kept swimming pool around the country...It was clear water...the southern bank was a grassy bank. The north bank was had a row of seats overhung with willow trees". Willow Plunge was family-oriented and its rules did not allow patrons to hold hands, cuddle, or kiss while on the premises. The business was profitable, even during the Great Depression (1929–1939), when patrons paid 15 cents to enter and 35 cents to swim (plus 5 cents for a rented towel if desired).
| 2.359375
| 0
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71370551
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20Antelope%20%281802%29
|
HMS Antelope (1802)
|
HMS Antelope was a ship of the line in the Royal Navy launched in 1802 during the Napoleonic Wars.
Service history
She was designed by Sir John Henslow and built by Nicholas Diddams at Sheerness Dockyard. Her keel was laid in June 1790, but she took many years to complete, and was not launched until 10 November 1802. She had a nominal 50 guns and a huge crew of 350 men.
Her first commander was Captain John Melhuish. Her first action was the blockade of Ostend in 1803.
In May 1804 she was the lead ship in a unsuccessful four-day attack on the French fleet under Ver Huell.
On 8 December 1804, she made an unsuccessful attack on Fort Rouge, protecting Calais harbour.
In June 1805, she sailed for the East Indies and on her return in 1807 spent some time at the Cape of Good Hope. She spent most of 1808 in the Mediterranean and in June 1809 sailed over the Atlantic to serve off the Newfoundland coast, staying there until the very end of 1810 when she then escorted a trans-Atlantic convoy to Gibraltar, returning to Newfoundland in June 1812.
On 21 December 1812, Admiral Butcher took command and began a period of intense action. Butcher was charged with protecting English shipping in the Great Belt, and was particularly successful in capturing the enemy's gun-boats and privateers. For example:
On 6, 25 and 30 October 1813, Antelope captured and destroyed the Danish armed rowboats Buonaparte, Nye, Prove, Fera Venner, No.25, and Morgan Stierner.
On 23 October 1813 and Antelope recaptured the Alida.
On 24 October 1813 Antelope and Bruizer captured the Danish privateer Eleonora.
| 2.65625
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69783452
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich%20Heyser
|
Friedrich Heyser
|
Friedrich Wilhelm Theodor Heyser (September 12, 1857 in Gnoien – September 7, 1921 in Dresden) was a German portrait, landscape, and history painter.
Life
Friedrich Heyser studied from 1880 to 1883 at the Academy of Fine Arts in Dresden as a student of Leon Pohle and Paul Mohn. From 1883 to 1885, he studied with Ferdinand Keller at the Academy of Fine Arts in Karlsruhe. In 1890 he briefly attended the Académie Julian in Paris. He lived and worked in Berlin, Bad Harzburg, and Dresden.
Heyser was a member of the Allgemeine Deutsche Kunstgenossenschaft and the artist group Grün-Weiss, formed around 1910. Green and white are the state colors of Saxony. The Grün-Weiß group, as a progressive group within the Dresden Art Cooperative, presented their works from October 29, 1910, in the Emil Richter Art Salon. Members of the Grün-Weiß group included painters Max Frey, Josef Goller, Georg Jahn, Walther Illner, Georg Lührig, Max Pietschmann, Paul von Schlippenbach, Bernhard Schröter, Johann Walter-Kurau, sculptors Richard Guhr, Hans Hartmann-McLean, Heinrich Wedemeyer, and architects Rudolf Bitzan, Georg Heinsius von Mayenburg, and Martin Pietzsch. From today's perspective, the Grün-Weiß was a moderate attempt to bring movement into the conservative structures of the Dresden Art Cooperative.
Works
Friedrich Heyser created numerous portraits of well-known personalities as well as genre-like depictions, often based on German poetry. In the last years of his life he created some landscape paintings u. a. from the island of Föhr and from Friesland.
Portraits
1886: Gustav zu Putlitz
Friedrich von Bodenstedt
1888: Joseph Joachim
1890: Hermann Wislicenus
1895 (circa): Julius Stinde
1898 (approx.): Georg Schumann
1906 (circa): Claire von Glümer
1906: Prince Albert of Prussia
1909: Richard_Schleinitz
1910 (circa): Armbruster (sculptor)
Adolf Fischer-Gurig
Prince and Princess Johann Georg of Saxony
Genre-like depictions
| 2.5625
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69783808
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandaean%20name
|
Mandaean name
|
Matronymic names
Lay Mandaeans historically did not have actual family names or surnames, but were rather referred to by the names of their mothers in their malwasha using the prefix bar (written as br in the Mandaic script) for a male and beth (written as pt in the Mandaic script) for a female, such as Mhattam Yohanna bar Simat and Mahnash beth Simat respectively. Early priests or religious leaders such as Anush bar Danqa and Zazai d-Gawazta bar Hawa used matronymic names, as well as the earliest Mandaean scribe Shlama beth Qidra. Ganzibra Jabbar Choheili's matronymic malwasha is Mhatam Yuhana bar Sharat.
Patronymic names
Modern priests are an exception and named after their fathers if they were also priests. An example name would be Mhatam Zihrun bar Adam ("Mhatam Zihrun, son of Adam"), which is the malwasha baptismal name of Ganzibra Dakhil Aidan (his birth name). Ganzibra Jabbar Choheili's patronymic malwasha is Mhatam Yuhana bar Yahya. Birth or secular names (not malwasha) are also patronymic. An example is Lamia Abbas Amara; Lamia is her given name, while Abbas is her father's name, and Amara is her paternal grandfather's name.
Surnames
Today, Mandaeans are officially registered with surnames that are derived from the names of their clans, such as Choheili (the Persian pronunciation of Kuhailia, a Mandaean clan or extended family).
Historically, some Mandaeans have also been known as Al-Ṣābi’ (), such as Hilal al-Sabi'.
| 2.046875
| 0
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69784339
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interlingue%20grammar
|
Interlingue grammar
|
The ending of the definite article can be modified to lo (masculine), la (feminine), lu (neuter), lis (plural), los (masculine plural), e las (feminine plural). Of these, the forms lu and lis are most common: lu in the same sense as Spanish lo and English that which, as in Ne li aprension de un lingue es lu essential, ma su usation (that which is essential is not the learning of a language, but using it), and lis to pluralize words that are difficult to pluralize on their own: lis s (the s's).
Nouns
Interlingue does not have grammatical gender. The plural of a noun is formed by adding -s after a vowel, or -es after most consonants. To avoid pronunciation and stress changes, words ending in -c, -g, and -m only add an -s: un libre, du libres, un angul, tri angules, li tric, li trics, li plug, li plugs, li album, pluri albums, li tram, du trams.
Adjectives
Pronouns
Personal pronouns
Interlingue has two forms for the personal pronouns: one for the subject form (nominative), and one for the object form (accusative or dative, i.e. the oblique form):
The formal second person is vu, which is also the second person plural. The indefinite personal pronoun "one" is on. If necessary, one can specify the gender of third person plural by using illos (masculine) or ellas (feminine).
In the object form the pronouns are: me, te, le, la, it, nos, vos, and les (with los and las as specific masculine and feminine forms, respectively). In the oblique case, the pronouns are me, te, il (or le), noi (or nos), voi (or vos), and ili (or les), varying by user and situation for pronouns except me and te. The possessive pronouns are mi, tui, su (his/her/its), nor, vor and lor. They may be pluralized: li mi (mine, singular), li mis (mine, plural), li nor (ours, singular), li nores (ours, plural).
| 2.359375
| 0
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69785821
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrographic%20Institute%20of%20the%20Republic%20of%20Croatia
|
Hydrographic Institute of the Republic of Croatia
|
The first of these in the Adriatic was by the French hydrographer Beautemps-Beaupré, as he conducted surveys of the East Adriatic ports, bays and channels, between 1806 and 1809. To mark the 200th anniversary of that survey, the Croatian Hydrological Institute published a special edition entitled "Eastern Adriatic in the Work of Beautemps-Beaupré".
The survey and research of the Eastern Adriatic continued under the Hydrographic Office of the Austro-Hungarian Navy, which was founded in Trieste in 1860. They produced navigational charts at different scales (general, coastal, and harbour charts), nautical publications (pilot books, lists of lights, descriptions of coasts), and scientific papers dealing with astronomy, meteorology, oceanography, gravimetry, and geomagnetism.
Following the break-up of Austria-Hungary, the activities restarted at the Hydrographic Institute of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia which set up several centres along the coast:: Tivat (1922), Dubrovnik (1923), Split (1929), during the Second World War in Hvar (1943), Vis (1944) and Monopoli (1944), then finally back to Split (1944) at the end of the war. At that time, the Hydrological service was restructured to include nautical, hydrographic, geodetic, oceanographic, aero-photogrammetric, cartographic, meteorological, and reproduction departments. Through cooperation with hydrographic institutes of other maritime countries and its membership of the International Hydrographic Organization since 1922, the institute has achieved valuable results and worldwide reputation.
During the Croatian War of Independence, all the resources of the Institute were preserved, including archived data, equipment and instruments. Today's Hydrographic Institute of Croatia is a modern scientific institution keeping up to date with current technological trends, following the recommendations of the IHO.
| 2.46875
| 0
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69786186
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilad%20Efrat
|
Gilad Efrat
|
Gilad Efrat (Hebrew: גלעד אפרת; born 1969) is a leading contemporary Israeli painter and a professor at the Shenkar College of Engineering and Design, Israel.
Biography
Gilad Efrat was born in 1969 in Beersheba, Israel. In 1995 he completed his BA in the Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design in Jerusalem. In 1997 he presented his first solo exhibition in Hakibutz Gallery for Israeli art in Tel Aviv and has since participated in numerous solo and group exhibitions at museums and galleries around the world, including in Austria, Italy, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Germany, Denmark, Texas, New York City, Scotland, and Philadelphia.
in 2003 he completed his MFA in the joint program of Bezalel Academy of Art and Design and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. In 2004, he participated in the Core Residency program at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Texas, which included a two-year residency and a creative practice scholarship.
Since 2008, Efrat has been a senior lecturer at the Shenkar College of Engineering and Design in Ramat-Gan, in the Multidisciplinary Art Department. In 2018 he received a professorship by the Council for Higher Education. He previously taught also at Rice University in Houston, Texas, and in the Department of Art at the Bezalel Academy of Art and Design.
Efrat was most recently the subject of a large-scale solo exhibition at The Israel Museum, titled Gilad Efrat: Inside Painting, which opened July 16, 2019, and ran through January 4, 2020.
He lives and works in Tel-Aviv.
His works
Efrat's works deal mainly with questions of the language of painting and the representation of landscape as a geopolitical space through which identity and consciousness are constituted. The painting method he developed is based on covering the canvas with layers of paint, and then exposing the image by erasing the paint.
| 2.1875
| 0
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69788014
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via%20Sebaste
|
Via Sebaste
|
The Via Sebaste was a Roman military road in southern Anatolia. Its starting point (caput viae) was Pisidian Antioch on the central plateau, and it ran over the Taurus Mountains, through the Climax Pass (now Döşeme Boğazı) down to Perga on the coast. The Roman colonia of Comama and Apollonia lay along its route. There was an eastern branch that connected the colonia of Iconium and Lystra.
The Via Sebaste was the key to Roman control of Pisidia and its incorporation into the province of Galatia. It was completed in 6 BC by the Galatian governor Cornutus Arruntius Aquila. It was about wide and capable of carrying wheeled traffic the whole way from Perga to Antioch. There are some surviving milestones. According to Acts 13:14, the early Christian missionary Paul of Tarsus traveled from Perga to Antioch on his first missionary journey. It is possible he took the Via Sebaste on that journey. The road underwent major repairs twice in the Roman period. In the Byzantine or Ottoman period, it was narrowed to and stepped over the mountains. It remained in use until the 19th century.
| 2.515625
| 0
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69788043
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Azenha%20Bridge
|
Battle of Azenha Bridge
|
Prelude
On the night of 18 September 1835, at a meeting attended by José Mariano de Mattos (a separatist politician), Gomes Jardim (cousin of Bento Gonçalves and future president of the Riograndense Republic), Antônio Vicente da Fontoura (an anti-separatist liberal), Pedro Boticário, Paulino da Fontoura (politician and brother of Vicente da Fontoura), Antônio de Sousa Neto (a loyalist at the time, but who already sympathized with republican ideals) and Domingos José de Almeida (a separatist politician and administrator in the future republican government), it was unanimously decided that within two days, on 20 September 1835, they would militarily take Porto Alegre and remove the provincial president Antônio Rodrigues Fernandes Braga.
Militias were alerted to trigger the revolt in several cities in the interior. Bento Gonçalves commanded troops gathered in Pedras Brancas, today the city of Guaíba. Gomes Jardim and colonel Onofre Pires, at the head of 200 horsemen, concentrated in the region of Viamão and headed for the city of Porto Alegre, setting up camp on 19 September 1835 near the Azenha district.
Aware of the rebellion, the president of the province, Antônio Rodrigues Fernandes Braga, ordered the municipal guard, the first-line cavalry picket (about 70 men) and the Company of National Guards on horseback to be armed. As he had little strength in the capital, he appealed to all citizens to assemble, armed, managing to gather a contingent of around 270 men. Brigadier Gaspar Mena Barreto was appointed to coordinate the legal forces, as the Arms Commander, marshal Sebastião Barreto Pereira Pinto, was absent. Three locations considered important were immediately garrisoned: the Government Palace, the Municipal Guard barracks and the War Train (arsenal).
| 2.078125
| 0
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69788301
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Goins
|
David Goins
|
David Goins (born July 26, 1960) is an American politician who was elected in 2021 as the first African American mayor of Alton, Illinois.
Biography
Goins was born on July 26, 1960, the son of Mark and Opal Goins. His mother died in 1967 and his father died in 1971. He was raised thereafter by his grandparents. In 1978, he graduated from Alton High School. In 1983, he graduated from the College of the Ozarks on a full basketball scholarship with a B.A. in English. After school, he worked as a detention officer and correctional officer at the Madison County Department of Court and Probation Services. In 1986, he joined the Alton Police Department reaching sergeant in 1999. He retired as a police office in 2010. in 2017, he was elected to the Alton school board.
In 2021, Goins entered the race for mayor of Alton on a platform focusing on the recruitment of new businesses, job growth, the revitalization of the downtown, COVID-19 vaccinations, and the encouragement of recent college graduates to return to the city. He was supported by the local unions. On April 6, 2021, Goins was elected mayor of Alton defeating two-term Mayor Brant Walker 2,021-1,625 to become the first African-American mayor since the city's founding in 1818. In 2019, Alton was 68.7% white, 24.9% Black, 0.4% Asian, 1.6% Latino, and 4.3% multi-racial. He was sworn in on May 12, 2021. In July 2021, Illinois Governor J. B. Pritzker appointed Goins to the Central Port District Board. Upon taking office, he faced 8.5% unemployment, the loss or closure of over 200 businesses due to Covid, and a budget shortfall fueled by underfunded public employees' pensions.
Personal life
In 1985, he married Sheila Goins; they have three children. Since 2001, he has served as a pastor at the Morning Star Missionary Baptist Church in Alton. In 2018, he was diagnosed with prostate cancer.
| 2.078125
| 0
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69788360
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Juliana%20Falconieri%20Church
|
St. Juliana Falconieri Church
|
Early history
In 1882, J. L. Miner offered land near the Burlington depot to build St. Juliana Falconieri Catholic Church, so named after his wife, Julia Miner. In 1883 (the year Willa Cather moved to Red Cloud), the church was constructed using bricks made of native clay and fired by the Ludlow Brick Company in Red Cloud, a business mentioned in Cather's ‘’The Song of the Lark’’. Its front and side facades were built with three bays containing tall, two over two double-hung sash, routed floral motifs and stilted segmentally arched hoods. The windows were of “poor man’s stained glass” and the entrance had double doors with a halved transom. Other original features included a braced hood over the entrance and a wood balustrade, which were replicated by the Willa Cather Foundation in the 1968-69 restoration. Though there was a belfry, the building never had a bell. Instead, to indicate the time for mass, the train engineer used a certain pattern of whistling as the priest did not live in Red Cloud but came by train. Cottonwoods planted by the original parishioners still shade the roof of St. Juliana.
| 2.40625
| 0
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69788448
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr%20Bogdanov
|
Pyotr Bogdanov
|
Pyotr Alekseevich Bogdanov (Russian: Пётр Алексеевич Богданов; 1 June 1882 – 12 May 1939) was a Soviet statesman, engineer and economist who was chairman of the Supreme Council of the National Economy of the Russian SFSR.
Biography
Early life and career
Born in the family of a Moscow merchant of the second guild. He graduated from the Alexander Commercial School and the Imperial Moscow Technical School. He was rejected to work at the school because of political unreliability.
Bogdanov took an active part in the student movement. From 1901 he was a member of the executive committee of student communities, was the treasurer of the student fund, kept a hectograph at home, on which revolutionary proclamations were printed. In 1902 he was arrested and sentenced to six months in prison. Returning to the school, he continued his revolutionary activities. In July 1905 he joined the Bolshevik faction Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP(b)). In 1905 he participated in the illegal All-Russian Congress of Student Organizations in Finland.
In the autumn of 1905 he was called up for military service, which he held the rank of conductor (non-commissioned officer) in the Voronezh engineering distance (military unit on railway transport). At the same time, he continued revolutionary work, was a member of the Voronezh Committee of the RSDLP, headed its military organization. From 1906 to 1908 he worked in the Moscow military organization, was a member of the Moscow Party Committee, led the Social Democratic student organizations in Moscow.
From 1910 he was head of the Moscow city gas network. During this period, he continued to participate in the activities of the RSDLP, in February–March 1911 he was under arrest.
| 2.203125
| 0
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69788886
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth%20Kilgore
|
Kenneth Kilgore
|
Kenneth Kilgore (January 26, 1947 – April 14, 2011) was an American jazz musician, a Minister of Music, and an educator. He founded the Ambassadors' Concert Choir in 1979 and the choir performed with other musicians at multiple events. He won several awards and a bridge in Oklahoma City was named in his honor two years after his death.
Personal life
Kenneth Kilgore was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, on January 26, 1947, and spent his childhood there. His father Leonard Kilgore died when Kenneth was 16 years old and his mother was Lola Peters Kilgore. Of all the children his parents had from prior relationships, Kilgore was the youngest child and the only child from his parents' relationship together. He graduated from Douglass High School and attended Bishop College in Dallas, Texas, where he received a bachelor's degree.
In January 1969, Kilgore began teaching at the mostly white Herald Elementary School in Oklahoma City. At the time, public schools in Oklahoma City were going through racial integration and Kilgore was placed there as the first black teacher. Kilgore attended Langston University in Oklahoma after deciding that he wanted more schooling in the 1990s. He received a Master of Education degree at Langston and a Doctorate in Educational Administration from Oklahoma State University.
| 2.546875
| 0
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69789356
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliff%20Cave%20Park
|
Cliff Cave Park
|
Cliff Cave Park is a 525-acre public park located in St. Louis County, Missouri. The park is owned and operated by the St. Louis County Department of Parks and Recreation. It is named after Cliff Cave, a natural cave located in the park that is a historical and archaeologic site. The park contains woodlands, wetlands, and rocky hillsides and is adjacent to the Mississippi River. It has three trails: the Mississippi Trail, the Spring Valley Trail, and the River Bluff Trail. The Riverside Shelter overlooks the Mississippi River. An active train track runs through the park. Cliff Cave Park is part of the Mississippi River Greenway. The park won the "Best View of the Mississippi" award in 2009, which it was granted by The Riverfront Times.
History
Native Americans likely were attracted to the area due to the cave, fresh spring water, and the nearby Mississippi River. They regarded the cave as a sacred place.
In 1749, Jean Baptiste Gamache first acquired the land through a land grant from the Spanish government.
In the 1770s, Cliff Cave was used by the French fur trappers and traders as a riverside tavern for travelers of the Mississippi River.
In 1854, Christopher W. Spalding and Henry W. Williams purchased the area. In 1857, they placed boundaries for the Cliff Cave subdivisions, selling lots from 1.7 acres to 24.7 acres.
In the 1860s, during the Civil War, Confederate soldiers were thought to use the cave as a rendezvous point.
After the Civil War, Missouri became a center of winemaking in the Midwest. In 1866, the Cliff Cave Wine Company was established; in 1868, they purchased the area for $36,176 to use the cave as a natural wine cellar. The company planted twenty-five acres of grapes in the area which produced 3,000 gallons of wine in one year. The company itself had 240 acres of vineyard along the Mississippi River, and by 1870, the cave had a storage capacity of 100,000 gallons of wine. Stonework near the cave entrance added in this time still exists today.
| 2.53125
| 0
|
69789640
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplocardia%20meansi
|
Diplocardia meansi
|
Diplocardia meansi, the Means's giant earthworm, or Rich Mountain giant earthworm, is a species of earthworm endemic to the United States. It is the second longest earthworm in North America. It was discovered by D. Bruce Means on June 11, 1973, in Polk County, Arkansas. and later described by Gates in 1977. It occurs only on Rich Mountain, part of the Ouachita Mountains.
Description
Diplocardia meansi only occurs on Rich Mountain, located in Oklahoma and Arkansas. D. meansi was found by Means while digging for salamanders on Rich Mountain. D. meansi can be over 18 inches, and is the second longest earthworm in North America.
Diplocardia meansi inhabits drier areas of the mountain, and is not found in mesic and saturated soils nears seeps or streams. It occurs mostly in poor developed talus soils. During rains in May, D. meansi can be seen plentifully on the surface, potentially to breed. Cocoons laid include only one or two immatures.
Bioluminescence
Similar to D. longa, Diplocardia meansi exhibits bioluminescence.
If tweaked or shocked in the dark, D. meansi secretes a distasteful glowing coelomic fluid.
| 2.53125
| 0
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69789902
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinocereus%20websterianus
|
Echinocereus websterianus
|
Echinocereus websterianus, commonly known as the San Pedro Nolasco hedgehog cactus or Webster's hedgehog cactus, is a species of cactus. It is named after American philanthropist Gertrude Webster, who cofounded the Desert Botanical Garden in Phoenix, Arizona.
Description
Webster's hedgehog is a short barrel cactus growing up to tall (though usually specimens are shorter) and in diameter. It may grow in a clumping fashion, with up to 50 other basal branches forming the clump. Golden yellow, brown, or white spines grow about long from closely spaced areoles. The pink, violet, or white flower blooms during the day. Flowers are small for the genus, only about in diameter and long from where it branches off the cactus. Flowers do not readily detach once pollinated, which can lead to stem rot. Blooming occurs in the hot months of June and July, once the plant reaches maturity at between 7 and 10 years old. Blooms stay open for 2 or 3 days.
Taxonomy
This species was first described by George Edmund Lindsay was published in 1947.
Distribution
It is likely native to San Pedro Nolasco Island in the Gulf of California, though it may have some distribution in mainland Baja. It occurs on other islands in the Gulf of California, including Isla San Lorenzo Sur and Isla Las Ánimas growing on rocky slopes at elevations of up to 350 m. The plant is found growing along Agave chrysoglossa, Mammillaria multidigitata, and Opuntia bravoana.
| 2.53125
| 0
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69790139
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden%20sun%20of%20La%20Tolita
|
Golden sun of La Tolita
|
The Golden sun of La Tolita has 48 symmetrically located rays. Most of them are broken, only 12 are complete. A raised line runs through the center of each ray. The serpent heads in this piece hold in their mouths another head called "Trophy Head", which has a face in the same T-shape as the central face. These heads have a tall headdress. Very similar heads can be seen in other pieces from Tumaco-La Tolita culture, which supports the argument that this culture is the true origin of the headdress.
Chemical composition
In order to know whether the origin of the Golden sun is the one indicated by Mr. Ariolfo Vásquez (the province of Azuay) or if it comes from the Ecuadorian or Colombian coast, the Central Bank ordered physical-chemical analyzes to be carried out on the two golden suns and several samples from pre-Columbian goldsmith pieces from Ecuador. It was concluded that the gold with which the pieces were made is more similar the pieces from the Ecuadorian Coast than to the pieces from Azuay, suggesting that the origin is Tumaco-La Tolita.
In addition, it was found that both Golden suns have a very similar chemical composition. This led to the hypothesis that they were made in the same workshop, which contradicts the supposed forgery of the Golden sun of Estrada. Although the chemical resemblance could be explained because local jewelers usually use gold of archaeological origin, therefore that it cannot be affirmed that the Estrada sun is original.
A second chemical composition study was carried out in 2018 in order to verify the authenticity of the Konanz Sun due to rumors that it had been stolen. These studies were able to demonstrate that the piece is authentic in addition to showing that the composition of the sol is not homogeneous.
| 2.75
| 0
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69790231
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbe%20Mausoleum%20%28Biha%C4%87%29
|
Turbe Mausoleum (Bihać)
|
The turbe belongs to the type with an octagonal base covered by a dome. The walls' edges are all equal, 2.60 meters in length. The wall material is a mixture of stone and brick, with the complete external facade made of bihacite stone, a very soft and light local limestone. The turbe is divided by a horizontal profiled stone cornice that protrudes 35 cm from the wall, on which the lower edge of the window rests. According to the proportions, the zone above the cornice is slightly larger and amounts to 2/3 of the height of the entire building, measured without a dome.
The upper part of the dome is built of precisely carved square blocks of bihacite stone laid very regularly, while the lower zone is built of roughly worked stone blocks arranged in four horizontal rows with very pronounced joints. The turbe is vaulted with a dome covered with galvanized metal sheets.
Interior
There are two wooden coffins in the turbe, each consisting of a sarcophagus with a nišan tombstone. There is no inscription on the turbe itself, or on the nišan tombstones, but they are decorated with numerous ornaments in the form of twisted ribbons.
National monument
The historic building "Turbe Mausoleum in Bihać" has been declared a National Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina by the Commission to Preserve National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Bibliography
| 2.25
| 0
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69790319
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechtild%20Widrich
|
Mechtild Widrich
|
Research
Widrich works on monuments, architecture, and performance in public space. In her book Performative Monuments, Widrich coins the title phrase, 'performative monument', to explain why live body art influenced interactive memorials since the 1980s, building on the definition of anti-authoritarian countermonuments proposed by German artist Jochen Gerz, and the speech-act theory of British philosopher J. L. Austin. The concept has been taken up in recent literature on commemoration and public art, and by artists, notably Doris Salcedo. Her book Monumental Cares. Sites of History and Contemporary Art, 2023, is "a provocative volume that is academically rigorous, and it will enrich the public debate on commemoration with its sophisticated reflections on notions of temporality and authenticity of historical markers, siting, and public participation, at a moment when monuments have been at the forefront of political activism."
In the field of performance studies, Widrich is known for her Work on Viennese Actionism, VALIE EXPORT and Marina Abramovic, with particular focus on the documentation and mediation of events, repetition, and the layering of diverse audiences over time.
Widrich also works on aesthetic theory, in particular ugliness. Together with art historian Andrei Pop, she is the co-editor and co-translator of the first book-length philosophical treatment of the topic, Karl Rosenkranz's 1853 Aesthetics of Ugliness, and co-editor of the book Ugliness. The Non-Beautiful in Art and Theory.
| 2.171875
| 0
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69790805
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/218th%20Rifle%20Division
|
218th Rifle Division
|
218th Motorized Division
The division began forming in February 1941, based on the 12th Motorized Rifle Brigade, as part of the prewar buildup of Soviet mechanized forces in the Odessa Military District as part of the 18th Mechanized Corps. Once formed its order of battle was as follows:
658th Motorized Rifle Regiment
667th Motorized Rifle Regiment
135th Tank Regiment
663rd Artillery Regiment
44th Antitank Battalion
231st Antiaircraft Battalion
288th Reconnaissance Battalion
388th Light Engineering Battalion
591st Signal Battalion
216th Artillery Park Battalion
368th Medical/Sanitation Battalion
687th Motor Transport Battalion
164th Repair and Restoration Battalion
23rd Regulatory Company
466th Chemical Defense (Anti-gas) Company
747th Field Postal Station
597th Field Office of the State Bank
The division continued under the command of Col. Aleksei Pavlovich Sharagin, who had led the 12th Motorized Brigade. At the time of the German invasion the 218th was part of the 9th Army (former Odessa Military District). It was understrength in infantry, the 663rd had only one battalion of 12 122mm howitzers, and the 135th had no tanks at all. However, unlike most of the motorized divisions it had enough trucks to convey most of the infantry it did have, and so quickly became a mobile reserve division for Southern Front. In this role it fought across the southern Ukraine and the Donbass until early September, first under direct command of the Front, and by the beginning of August as part of 18th Army; by the start of September it was back under Front command. On September 8 it was officially redesignated as the 218th Rifle Division after incorporating the 182nd Reserve Rifle Regiment to replace the 135th Tanks.
| 2.296875
| 0
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69790856
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corbmac
|
Corbmac
|
Dates
Such are the facts recorded in the Book of Lecan. The question, however, of the date at which he flourished is one of peculiar difficulty, owing to the anachronisms which abound in it. Colgan thought he flourished in the fifth century, and Lanigan considered that some indications pointed to the seventh; but there are grounds for thinking that his true date is the sixth century; for as he was ninth in descent from Olioll Olum (died AD 234), allowing thirty years for each generation, we have 270 + 234, which gives AD 504. Again, his brother Saint Emhin, according to Ussher, flourished in 580, and most of the events of his history, as his visit to King Eogan Bel (died 547) and Olioll Inbanda (died 544), fall within the sixth century. There is, it is true, a difficulty in the case of Saint Becan, who is reckoned among his brothers, as the Four Masters give his death at 688; but Geoffrey Keating (Reign of Diarmuid Mac Fergusa) says some authorities held that besides Fiacha Muillethan, Eogan Mor had another son Diarmuid, from whom Becan was descended. He would thus be a near relative, not a brother of Corbmac, and the period of his death does not affect the calculation. Colgan suggests that the anachronisms are due to interpolations, and perhaps also what is said of the sons of Amalgaid may be referred to the tribes descended from them, and thus belonging to a later period than the narrative would lead one to expect. Colgan gives his life at 26 March, but is uncertain whether that or 13 December is the right date. At the latter the Corbmac mentioned in the Martyrology of Donegal seems to be our saint, and is called Cruimther (i.e. presbyter) Corbmac.
Sources
Great Book of Lecan, Royal Irish Academy, fol. 60;
Colgan's Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae, p. 751;
Martyrology of Donegal, O'Currey's MS. Materials, p. 351;
Tribes and Customs of Hy Fiachrach, p. 7;
Lanigan's Ecclesiastical History of Ireland. ii. 215;
Keating's History of Ireland, "Reign of Diarmuid Mac Fergusa";
Annals of the Four Masters, AD 544.
| 1.992188
| 0
|
69791351
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa%20de%20la%20Aduana
|
Casa de la Aduana
|
Casa de la Aduana (which means Customs House in Spanish; also known as the Tayrona Gold Museum) is a colonial building located in the Plaza de Bolívar in the city of Santa Marta, Magdalena.
It is the regional headquarters of the Gold Museum, which is part of the Bank of the Republic of Colombia. This museum offers the visitor a vision of the goldsmithing and the culture of the ancient inhabitants of the Sierra Nevada.
On the upper floor of the western section of this house, the body of the Simón Bolívar was veiled from December 17 to 20, 1830.
The house was built in 1730, on two floors with a tower from where ships could be seen arriving at the port, as well as the unloading and loading of merchandise.
The house was declared a National Monument through Decree 390 of March 17, 1970.
The building has had various names throughout its history, among others: Palacio Verde, Castillo de San Lázaro, Casa de la Aduana, Casa del Consulado, Commissariat of the United Fruit Company, Colonial Hotel, Tayrona Gold Museum, Tayrona Gold Museum - Customs House.
The Customs House is located at the intersection of Carrera 2 and Calle 14, Plaza de Bolívar, in Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia.
| 2.3125
| 0
|
69791889
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%20colonization%20attempt%20of%20the%20Strait%20of%20Magellan
|
Spanish colonization attempt of the Strait of Magellan
|
When the next English navigator, Thomas Cavendish, landed at the site of Ciudad Rey Don Felipe in 1587, he found the ruins of the settlement as well as a handful of survivors whom he refused to assist. He removed six cannons from the settlement and renamed the place "Port Famine."
The last known survivor was rescued in 1590 by Andrew Merrick, captain of the Delight, the only one of five vessels to reach the strait from an expedition organized by another English corsair, John Childley.
Reasons for the failure
Cavendish praised the location of Ciudad Rey Don Felipe as being in the "best place of the strait". In 1837 the French expedition led by Jules Dumont d'Urville surveyed the area. Dumont accurately inferred the location of Ciudad Rey Don Felipe taking note of its favourable geographical conditions.
Disease, executions, brawls, and violent encounters with indigenous peoples are all possible causes for the high death rates. Diseases, in particular, are thought to have been rampant among settlers. Deeper contributing causes for failure of the settlement and death of most settlers may have been the poor mood settlers showed already from the beginning of the settlement. This mood can in part be explained by a series of difficulties the expedition had to go through between the departure from Spain and the arrival to the strait.
King Philip II's inaction despite repeated appeals by Sarmiento to aid the ailing colony was likely due to the strain on Spain's resources that resulted from wars with England and Dutch rebels.
Historian Mateo Martinic has called the settlement attempt "the most unfortunate chapter of human history in the Strait of Magellan".
Aftermath
| 2.78125
| 0
|
69792044
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice%20Gignoux
|
Maurice Gignoux
|
Maurice Irénée Marie Gignoux (19 October 1881 – 20 October 1955) was a renowned French geologist who was a specialist on the stratigraphy of the Alps. His 1925 book Geologie stratigraphique was a landmark publication in stratigraphy and was translated into several languages and went into many editions.
Gignoux was born on Lyon in the family of stockbroker Antoine with origins in Nyon. He studied natural sciences at the École Normale Superieure and under Charles Depéret at Lycée Ampère, Lyon from 1901. From 1905 he taught at Besançon high school for two years. He moved to Grenoble in 1909 to work under Wilfrid Kilian (1862-1925) but his study was interrupted by World War I. His doctoral thesis of 1913 won the Fontannes prize. He enlisted in 1914 and worked in the army meteorological unit along with Pierre Lory. He returned after the war to join the Faculty of Sciences, Toulouse between 1918 and 1919. He was involved in organizing geology teaching at Strasbourg from 1919 to 1925. In 1926 he took the place of Kilian at the University of Grenoble and served as professor until his retirement in 1953. He also served as Dean of the Faculty of Sciences from 1940 to 1953. His students included André Allix and David Schneegans.
Gignoux married Marie Garel in 1909 and they had five sons and a daughter. He died at Grenoble where a street, Rue Maurice-Gignoux, was named in his memory.
| 2.265625
| 0
|
69792076
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genoese%E2%80%93Mongol%20Wars
|
Genoese–Mongol Wars
|
In 1453, an Ottoman fleet arrived in Crimea and attempted to seize the Genoese colonies. Giray allied himself with the Ottomans, providing 7,000 soldiers to assist in an Ottoman siege of Kaffa. Though the allies were unable to break through Kaffa's defenses, the alliance strengthened ties between the Crimean Khanate and Ottoman Empire.
Cut off from its Black Sea colonies by the fall of Constantinople in 1453, Genoa quickly lost influence in the area, after which its colonies were left vulnerable to the expanding Ottoman Empire. Starting in the 1460s, Genoese authorities in Kaffa and Khan Meñli I Giray cooperated in a series of military campaigns, including a failed attempt to capture Chufut-Kale from the Great Horde (a division of the earlier Golden Horde). The khan attempted to form an anti-Turkish pact with Theodoro, but was unable to stop growing Turkish power in Crimea. In 1475, the Ottomans laid siege to Kaffa, capturing the city and Meñli, who had been present in the city during the siege. After the Great Horde invaded and occupied Crimea in 1478, Meñli was released and restored to his throne as a Turkish vassal, the Ottoman Empire having supplanted the Genoese and Mongol states as the primary power in the Black Sea.
| 2.578125
| 0
|
69792237
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%20Koppitz
|
Anna Koppitz
|
At the Nazi 'farming school' in Burg Neuhaus, the "Reich School of the Reichsnährstand for Physical Exercises" Darré promoted Nordic racial purity through eugenics and the "New nobility of blood and soil."
Anna was to illustrate the experiment, and in 1939, alongside German sports photographer Hanns Spudich, she made heroic pictures of the young, "racially pure" bodies of the young farmers from the Bauernschaft peasantry, enhancing their appearance, showing them sometimes in iconic traditional costumes, but usually pure white leotards, thus dissociated from agricultural labour, and made attractive and athletic according to Darré's specifications.
Often using only the sky photographed through a yellow or orange filter as a background, she followed the successful Koppitz formula to show them performing peasant dances, playing ball games, competing in archery, spear throwing, and in coordinated exercises developed for Neuhaus by Nazi gymnastics ideologist Rudolf Bode. The photos appeared in Bode's gymnastics book, in Die 5. ("5th Reich nutrition exhibition"), Leipzig, 4–11 June 1939, and in Odal, the organ of Nazi propaganda, thereby avoiding any inglorious association with discredited 'fine art'.
At the end of 1939 Darré founded the "Working Group for the selection of racial élites and procreation science" to breed a German super-race from peasant stock. He asked Koppitz if she would be happy to undertake nude photography of his subjects, not erotic, or 'artistic,' but to demonstrate flawless 'racial' attributes.
Koppitz would have accepted the brief, had Darré not fallen out of favour with Heinrich Himmler and been forced to resign "for health reasons", and in 1940, she wrote:
"I was happy to promise your minister to work on the blood issue. Whether portrait or nude photography comes down to the same thing for me; it is only difficult to find the right people."
| 2.234375
| 0
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69792358
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve%20Kaldestad
|
Steve Kaldestad
|
Steve Kaldestad is a Canadian saxophonist and music educator.
Early life and education
Originally from Saskatchewan, Kaldestad attended McGill University, where he received both his bachelor's and master's degree in music. During this period, he studied under the tutelage of Lee Konitz.
Career
Kaldestad has appeared on numerous recordings in Canada and the UK, where he spent eight years, playing with the BBC Big Band, the Humphrey Lyttleton Group, the Kate Williams Quartet, the Matt Wates Sextet, and the Pasadena Roof Orchestra. He has also performed with the Dan Brubeck Quartet, Kurt Rosenwinkel, Mike LeDonne, Peter Bernstein, the Daniel Hersog Jazz Orchestra, the Jaelem Bhate Jazz Orchestra, the Juno Award-winning Phil Dwyer Orchestra, and the Juno Award-nominated Jodi Proznick Quartet.
In 2015, he released his album New York Afternoon, featuring Renee Rosnes, Lewis Nash, and Peter Washington.
He is a faculty member at Capilano University. Kaldestad was also a former faculty member at Lower Canada College, where he briefly taught singer-songwriter Patrick Watson.
Discography
Steve Kaldestad Quartet. Live at Frankie's Jazz Club, CD, Cellar Live, 2022.
Steve Kaldestad Quartet. New York Afternoon, CD, Cellar Live, 2015.
Steve Kaldestad Quartet. Straight Up, CD, Cellar Live, 2014.
Steve Kaldestad Quintet. Blow Up, CD, Cellar Live, 2010.
| 1.945313
| 0
|
69793148
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COAT%20platelet%20defect
|
COAT platelet defect
|
A collagen- and thrombin-activated (COAT) platelet defect is a platelet function disorder that is due to a reduced ability to generate procoagulant platelets. It is associated with a clinically relevant bleeding phenotype.
During physiological platelet activation, a fraction of platelets expresses phosphatidylserine on their surface and become highly efficient in sustaining thrombin generation. These so-called COAT platelets, can be generated by dual-agonist stimulation with collagen and thrombin in a laboratory setting. COAT platelet defects should be distinguished from Scott syndrome, a rare bleeding disorder in which patients have impaired phospholipid scrambling and do not express negatively charged phospholipids on their surface even after treatment with calcium ionophores.
Mechanism
Procoagulant platelets are a functional subgroup of platelets with distinct properties in physiological hemostasis. Following strong activation, procoagulant platelets express phosphatidylserine on their surface and become highly efficient in sustaining thrombin generation and parallelly gain pro-haemostatic function by retaining α-granule proteins on their membranes.
While a low level of procoagulant platelets is associated with impaired platelet function and bleeding diathesis high levels have been shown to worsen thrombotic events.
| 1.953125
| 0
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69793199
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyza
|
Eyza
|
Eyza or Heyza (, Ajza, Ajsza or Ejze; died after 1305) was a noble at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries in the Kingdom of Hungary. He was born in a Muslim family, but he converted to Roman Catholicism. Based on the 15th-century Buda Chronicle, former historiographical works also referred incorrectly to him as Lizse.
Family
Eyza was born into a family of Muslim (Böszörmény or Saracen) origin, which possessed landholdings in Tolna County in Transdanubia. His elder brother was Mizse, who was made Palatine of Hungary for a brief time in 1290. Eyza had a son James.
Career
Mizse and Eyza, along with other lesser nobles, hoping the promotion of their social ascension, joined the entourage of Ladislaus IV of Hungary sometime around 1285, when Hungary's central government lost power because the prelates and the barons ruled the kingdom independently of the monarch, while Ladislaus spent the last years of his life wandering from place to place. The monarch confiscated the Pilis royal forest and the fort of Visegrád from his alienated wife Isabella of Sicily sometime in 1284 or 1285, and entrusted Eyza to administer the royal lands as ispán of Pilis and castellan of Visegrád. It is plausible that Eyza also converted recently from Islam to Roman Catholicism before his appointment, similar to his brother. When King Ladislaus IV was murdered by a group of Cumans in July 1290, Mizse and Eyza led the revenge attack against his murderers and had them executed.
| 2.46875
| 0
|
69793555
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaynagar%E2%80%93Bardibas%20railway%20line
|
Jaynagar–Bardibas railway line
|
The Jaynagar–Janakpur–Bardibas railway line (Hindi/ Nepali: जयनगर–जनकपुर–बर्दिबास रेलवे) is a cross-border railway line between India and Nepal. The railway links Bijalpura with Jaynagar, crossing the India–Nepal border near Inarwa. An extension to Bardibas is being constructed. The line began as a freight railway in 1937, and subsequently became a passenger railway. It closed in 2014 to allow it to be converted to broad gauge, and reopened in 2022. At that time it was the only operational passenger railway line in Nepal.
Route
The railway begins at Jaynagar railway station, in the Madhubani district of India. The international border with Nepal is less than from the terminus, but this does not affect passengers, as there are no border facilities or checkpoints at the crossing. The first station in Nepal is Inarwa railway station, a short distance after the border. There are customs checkpoints at both of these stations, but the border is maintained as an open border for people. In total, there are eight stations and six halts between Jaynagar and Bijalpura. There are also 15 major bridges and 127 smaller bridges, as well as 47 road crossings.
Stations between Jaynagar to Bijalpura:
Jaynagar (India)
Inarwan (Nepal)
Khajuri (Halt)
Baidehi
Parbaha
Janakpurdham
Kurtha
Khutta Pipradhi
Loharpatti
Singyahi
Bhangaha (formerly Bijalpura)
The terminal station in Nepal was known as Bijalpura prior to that section closing in 2001, after monsoon rains destroyed a bridge and washed away some of the embankments. The new station is now called Bhangaha, although both names are still used by various sources.
Details of how many stations there will be on the extension from Bhangaha to Bardibas had not been published in 2023.
| 2.21875
| 0
|
69793610
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante%20Dahlstr%C3%B6m
|
Svante Dahlström
|
Svante Dahlström (14 October 1883 – 21 January 1965) was a Finland-Swedish historian. He married music educator Greta Dahlström in 1925 and was the father of musicologist .
Dahlström was born in Turku, Finland, in 1883 to Johan Edvard Dahlström and Augusta Charlotta Hallqvist. After graduating in 1901, he received his bachelor of philosophy in 1910 and worked for the national archive from 1912 to 1917. He was the first administrative director of the Åbo Academy Foundation from 1917 to 1920 and secretary of the academy's consistory from 1918 to 1944. At the University of Helsinki, Dahlström was the secretary of the student society Prometheus, an organization promoting freedom of religion; he worked together with philosopher and sociologist Edvard Westermarck. He was awarded a licentiate of philosophy in 1929; his thesis was on the Great Fire of Turku and the history of the city's buildings. He was docent (associate professor) of Nordic history from 1930 to 1944, an associate professor from 1944 to 1950 and a doctor of philosophy in 1948.
Dahlström founded the Turku-Area Song and Music Society () in 1922, of which he was long chairman, and he was the initiator of the () in 1929. He was also a leading figure in the organization Svenska Bildningens Vänner. Among his historical works are (1929) and Runsala (1942). Under the pseudonym Père Noble he published (stories, 1917) and (poetry, 1939).
He died in Turku, Finland, in 1965.
| 2.25
| 0
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69794138
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northbrook%20Park%2C%20London
|
Northbrook Park, London
|
currently managed by Glendale Grounds Management for the London Borough of Lewisham. It is one of Lewisham's open spaces, and is open all year from 08:00 every morning, and closes near dusk, with times ranging from 16:00 to 21:00 in the evening, depending on time of year. The park is roughly in size, approximately wide east to west and around long north to south. A large central field, around in size takes up roughly half the park's total area, and is around north to south, east to west and is flat ground with short grass and very few trees. There is a straight concrete path joining the two gated entrances on Baring Road, and a long circular concrete path that surrounds the large central field. A short metal fence built to keep dogs out, follows the path and surrounds the central field, which contains a football pitch, a second smaller junior football pitch, and outdoor gym equipment. An old stone sundial erected in May 1903, with engraving describing the gift of the land by Lord Northbrook to commemorate Queen Victoria's Jubilee, stands at the front of the park off the straight path, but it is in disrepair. There is a small fenced playground with slides, swings, a zip line, a splash pool, a sandpit a roundabout and climbing frames in the northeast corner just inside the circular path, it was constructed around 2000, and improved in 2012. There is a thin strip of woodland surrounding the central field, including oak trees, mostly outside of the path, with fewer trees inside the path. The northwest corner is more overgrown and contains scrubland set aside as a wildlife area, this is the site of the original children's playground. South of the main field is an old bowling green, that is now used as a dog exercise area. South of this is a triangular piece of overgrown wooded ground with dirt paths cutting through it, this area used to be allotments and was not part of the original park grounds, it is now set aside as a forest school area
| 1.914063
| 0
|
69794138
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northbrook%20Park%2C%20London
|
Northbrook Park, London
|
There was a pond in the southwest corner of the Ten-Acre Field from at least the 1870s, which was incorporated as a feature at the back of Northbrook Park. Two drinking fountains were installed in the park near the path, one at the front where the plinth still remains, and another at the rear in the northwest corner. In May 1903 permission for the construction of a sundial was granted, it was erected at the front of the park near the drinking fountain and the stone base was engraved with words describing the gift of the land by Lord Northbrook commemorating Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee. A small group of buildings including greenhouses were constructed at the very back of the park next to the western fence, The part of the main field at the front of Northbrook Park was set aside as two sports fields, a bowling green in the northeast corner, and a tennis court in the southeast corner.
In the 1940s the sports fields at the front of the park were removed, and a separate square bowling green was added to the south of the main field on land which was originally outside the park boundaries. Around the same time a triangular piece of land south of the new bowling green started being used for gardening allotments, as was a 2 km long stretch of land to the west of the park border following the railway line, all the way from Grove Park in the south to St. Mildred's Road to the north. By the 1940s public toilets had been added to Northbrook Park off on the north side off the path and a children's playground had also been constructed just off the path in the northwest corner of Northbrook Park near the greenhouses and other buildings, which came to include climbing frames, swings, roundabouts, seesaws, and slides.
| 2.03125
| 0
|
69795184
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January%2014%E2%80%9317%2C%202022%20North%20American%20winter%20storm
|
January 14–17, 2022 North American winter storm
|
The January 14–17, 2022 North American winter storm brought widespread impacts and wintry precipitation across large sections of eastern North America and parts of Canada. Forming out of a shortwave trough on January 13, it first produced a swath of snowfall extending from the High Plains to the Midwestern United States. The storm eventually pivoted east and impacted much of the Southern United States from January 15–16 before shifting north into Central Canada, the Mid-Atlantic states, and the Northeastern United States. The system, named Winter Storm Izzy by The Weather Channel, was described as a "Saskatchewan Screamer".
Several states in the Southeast declared states of emergencies ahead of the storm, including as North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Virginia. Snowfall totals of up to were observed across much of the affected areas in the High Plains and Central United States, with the storm bringing gusty winds and numerous power outages in its wake. The system also spawned seven tornadoes in Florida, one of which was an EF2 that resulted in three injuries. Ice storm conditions were observed in the Southeastern states, while snowfall amounts in excess of were reported across Northeast Ohio. Large areas of Southern Ontario received of snow, in some places at rates of over per hour, resulting in the closure of some highways, and impacting transit services in some areas.
| 2.359375
| 0
|
69796647
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navy%20balloon%20A-5598
|
Navy balloon A-5598
|
The U.S. Navy balloon A-5598 was an American naval free balloon which went off-course and its crew of three were recorded missing for several weeks.
History
The balloon departed Rockaway Naval Air Station (Queens, New York) on December 13, 1920, and went missing the following day. It crash landed north of Moose Factory, Ontario (Canada).
The balloon was manned by three aeronauts, U.S. Navy Lieutenants Louis A. Kloor, Jr. (mission commander); Stephen A. Farrell (pilot);
and Walter Hinton (ground observer).
After a flight of over 25 hours the group, which had narrowly avoiding coming down in the James Bay, was stranded in the wilderness and wandered for four days before they came upon a Cree Indian fur trader. He initially mistook the Americans for Canadian revenue agents but then guided them to safety.
The trio recovered at Moose Factory, and later were brought to the nearest town on a railway line, Mattice (Ontario) on January 11. They returned to a heroes' welcome in New York City on January 14, 1921.
An inquiry by the Navy found that the flight was legitimate and there was no misconduct by the airmen. Hinton and Kloor had written letters home which their families sold to newspapers describing the flight, which prompted the Navy to start enforcing rarely used censorship rules.
| 2.296875
| 0
|
69796648
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children%27s%20Reformatory
|
Children's Reformatory
|
Children's Reformatory () is a 1907 French silent short film directed by Charles Decroix, inspired by the eponymous novel by Aristide Bruant.
Plot
A young orphan is thrown out into the street by a ruthless janitor after the death of his mother. He wanders pitifully through the streets, soliciting in vain the charity of the passers-by. Driven by need, he grabs a loaf of bread from a bakery and runs away. Caught in the act of vagrancy and theft, he is sent to a penitentiary where he leads the hard life of convicts. He manages to escape and hides in a doghouse where he eats the dog's food but is soon recaptured. However, an old philanthropist takes an interest in him. He educates him and allows him to escape from definitive misery.
Production and release
This film was produced by the SCAGL ( [Cinematographic Society of Authors and Writers]), a company created in order to widen the audience of the cinema towards more cultivated and more affluent layers of the population, with the film adaptation of classics of popular literature. This is the case with this film loosely based on the eponymous novel by Aristide Bruant. Charles Pathé was a shareholder and director of the SCAGL, for which he built new state-of-the-art studios on land adjacent to his factory in Vincennes. The film was distributed by Pathé Frères in the 8th series of its Scènes dramatiques et réalistes [Dramatic and realistic scenes], which often related the adventures of poor children, sometimes with a happy end. It was directed by Charles Decroix, a French actor, director, producer and screenwriter, who directed around 50 films in France and Germany between 1907 and 1922.
The film was released on 26 July 1907 in Lyon (France), and on 31 August 1907 in the United States.
Analysis
| 2.28125
| 0
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69796835
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment%20Siatous
|
Clément Siatous
|
Work
Clément Siatous is a self-taught painter. He earns most of his artistic income from portraits of famous people, but became increasingly well known for his scenes of daily life in Chagos. His aim is to keep the memory of the Chagossians alive, and to prove that his archipelago was permanently inhabited before the exile, unlike what British and American authorities have sometimes said to justify the deportation of the population. His paintings of the Chagos regularly depict work in the coconut plantations, life in the villages, and fishing scenes. Siatous says that he is inspired by his own childhood memories and those of the Chagossian community. However, he hardly ever relies on photographs, as these were very rare in Chagos before the exile, and almost exclusively in black and white. He has stated that he finds it important to paint in a realistic style in order to educate future generations, as the number of people able to tell the story of life in Chagos is rapidly declining. He mainly uses oil or acrylic paint.
He has exhibited his Chagos paintings in Mauritius on several occasions. In 2015, the curator Paula Naughton organised his first exhibition abroad, at the Simon Preston Gallery in New York. Clément Siatous also designed the logo of the Chagos Refugees Group, one of the main organisations representing the Chagossians, of which he is a founding member.
Exhibitions
Port Louis, 1997
Sagren, Simon Preston Gallery, New York, 2015
The Chagos Embassy of Puerto Rico, Embajadada, San Juan, 2016
Inside the Nest, Simon Preston Gallery, New York, 2017
CONDO Unit, Galeria Jacqueline Martins, São Paulo, 2018
CHAGOS: Cultural Heritage Across Generations, Plaza, Rose-Hill, 2018
New Art Dealers Alliance NADA House, New York, 2021
Chagossian Islands History, Crawley Museum, Crawley, 2021
| 2.515625
| 0
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69796868
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qadi%20al-Fadil
|
Qadi al-Fadil
|
In Christian sources, Qadi al-Fadil is blamed for the anti- purge of the early years of Saladin's rule, which saw Christians evicted and banned from holding posts in the public fiscal administration. At the same time, however, Qadi al-Fadl sponsored a number of Jewish physicians, among them the celebrated philosopher Maimonides, whom he defended from charges of apostasy, and who dedicated his book On Poisons and Antidotes to his patron.
From his prominent post, Qadi al-Fadil became a wealthy man: he reportedly received an annual salary of 50,000 gold dinars, and became a successful merchant, trading with India and North Africa. Outside the city walls of Cairo, a change of the course of the Nile had exposed large tracts of land that were exceedingly fertile. Qadi al-Fadil bought much of it, and converted these estates into an orchard that supplied the capital with fruit.
Final years and death
After Saladin's death at Damascus in March 1193, Qadi al-Fadil initially served his oldest son al-Afdal, ruler of Damascus. Due to al-Afdal's erratic leadership, he quickly returned to Egypt, where he entered the service of al-Aziz, Saladin's second son, who had seized power there. When the two brothers came into conflict, Qadi al-Fadil managed to mediate a peace between them in 1195. After this he retired, and died on 26 January 1200. He was buried in the Qarafa cemetery in Cairo. A mausoleum was erected on top of his grave.
Qadi al-Fadil's surviving family is mostly obscure. From his many sons, only al-Qadi al-Ashraf Ahmad Abu'l-Abbas is notable, who served the Ayyubid rulers of Egypt until his death in 1245/46.
| 2.578125
| 0
|
69796868
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qadi%20al-Fadil
|
Qadi al-Fadil
|
Writings and patronage of learning
Already during his lifetime, Qadi al-Fadil was highly esteemed, chiefly due to the "exceptional quality of his private and official epistolary style", which was praised, held up as a model, and emulated by subsequent generations of writers. This style was similar to that of Imad al-Din al-Isfahani, and "combines richness (perhaps a little less prolix) and suppleness of form with a realistic treatment of the facts, a lesson too often forgotten by later writers, which makes his correspondence a valuable historical source". Al-Isfahani himself praises his contemporary as the "lord of word and pen", and writes that just as the Sharia invalidated all previous laws, so Qadi al-Fadil's style overrode all previous traditions in epistle literature (). As a result, many of his chancery epistles were included in the works of other authors, from chroniclers such as al-Isfahani and Abu Shama to compilers of literature, most notably al-Qalqashandi. Others survive as manuscripts to this day, and the work of editing and publishing them is still ongoing. However, they still represent only a part of the reportedly 100 volumes of official and private correspondence attributed to him.
As head of the chancery, Qadi al-Fadil also kept an official diary (known as or ). It has not survived, apart from several extracts from it that have been included in later histories, notably al-Maqrizi, and is an invaluable source on Saladin's rule in Egypt. According to the 13th-century historian Ibn al-Adim, however, this diary was actually kept by a different historian, Abu Ghalib al-Shaybani.
Qadi al-Fadil was also active as a poet. Many of his works are included in his epistles. His collected poems were published in two volumes in Cairo in 1961 and 1969, edited by Ahmad A. Badawi and Ibrahim al-Ibyari.
| 2.21875
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69797134
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India%20Juliana
|
India Juliana
|
Historian views
Based on Cabeza de Vaca's original account, several different and contradictory versions of the India Juliana's story have emerged over time, some of them through history works and others through literary works. Depending on the ideological position, some discourses portray her as a warrior and an icon of indigenous resistance, while others describe her as an enthusiastic builder of the Paraguayan nation and a facilitator of the union with the Spanish. Although versions differ in details such as the year of the events (between 1539 and 1542), how she killed Cabrera or the way in which she was executed, the core of the story is generally the same: she killed her husband and urged other women to do the same, for which she was arrested and later executed as a warning so that the others do not follow her example. Some nationalist discourses—both on the right and on the political left—emphasize the "bellicose character" of the India Juliana who, "in the style of the 'heroes of the homeland', wields the sword or the dagger to kill the Spanish enemy and defend the dignity of the Paraguayan nation, but not of the Guaraní people". Argentine historian Enrique de Gandía cited Cabeza de Vaca's account in his 1932 book Indios y conquistadores en el Paraguay, which in turn was cited by Paraguayan historian Carlos Pastore in La lucha por la tierra en Paraguay (1972), in which he described the "conspiracy of the India Juliana".
| 2.234375
| 0
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69797280
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benson%20Ford
|
Benson Ford
|
World War II service
During World War II, Benson was twice rejected from service as status 4-F, due to blindness in his left eye. However, Benson persisted in his desire to serve his country and would not give up. Despite his left eye blindness, Benson insisted and persisted, and was finally allowed to enlist in the United States Army in 1942, as a private. Benson completed officer's candidate school in Fargo, North Dakota, and was commissioned a second lieutenant in June 1943. In December 1943 Benson was stationed in San Francisco at the Fourth Air Force Headquarters. Shortly thereafter he was made aide-de-camp to Brigadier General Samuel M. Connell and was transferred into the Army Air Corps. In October 1944 Benson was transferred to the Newfoundland Base Command of the United States Air Corps for 13 months. Through meritorious service Benson eventually achieved the rank of captain in January 1945. This was the highest rank achieved by any member of the Ford family. When his father Edsel, Ford Motor Company president, died of cancer on May 26, 1943 (during World War II), Benson continued his service the Army for the duration of the war. His brother Henry Ford II, then in the United States Navy, who was honorably discharged from the service after his father's death to take over leadership at Ford Motor Company on request of the United States government. Henry II assumed the presidency of Ford on September 21, 1945. Benson Ford was named a vice-president of the Ford Motor Company at a Ford Motor Company meeting on June 1, 1943. Captain Ford separated from the Army in February 1946, honorably discharged at the end of all wartime hostilities, and came home. Once he left the Army, Benson returned to Ford Motor Company.
| 2.46875
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69797280
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benson%20Ford
|
Benson Ford
|
Return to Ford
After World War II Ford was re-organized in the image of General Motors into profit centers and a line and staff components. On January 30, 1948, Benson was elected a vice president of the company and appointed the director of the newly formed Lincoln-Mercury Division, carrying on in his father's foot-steps. In October of the same year, he was named general manager of the division. He joined his brothers Henry Ford II who was named Ford President in 1945, and William, who in 1955 became head of the Continental Division. Together, they shattered the belief that the third generation kills companies. Together, they modernized the company and re-stored Ford's pre-war glory. As his health declined Benson became Chairman of the Lincoln-Mercury (Fomoco) Dealer Policy Board. Benson was very supportive of Henry II and always had the company's best interest at heart. The Policy Board position was an ideal fit given his experience with Lincoln-Mercury and his personality. Benson was good-natured, a consummate charmer, and could make anyone feel like his friend. While Henry ran the company Benson became the Ford that pressed the flesh. He loved to travel. Benson was good humored and was astute at remembering names of people, as well as their wives' and children.
| 2.234375
| 0
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69797551
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepra%20%28lichen%29
|
Lepra (lichen)
|
Lepra is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Pertusariaceae. Although the genus was created in 1777, it was not regularly used until it was resurrected in 2016 following molecular phylogenetic analyses. It has more than a hundred species, most of which were previously classified in genus Pertusaria.
Taxonomy
The genus was originally circumscribed by Austrian naturalist Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in 1777. Martyn Dibben designated Lichen albescens (=Lepra albescens) as a neotype for the genus in 1980. In 2015, Kondratyuk and colleagues proposed the new genus Marfloraea to contain 13 members of the Variola group (one of four major clades identified in Pertusaria in the broad sense), with Marfloraea amara (=Lepra amara) selected as the type. The proposed genus was rejected a year later when Josef Hafellner and Ayşen Türk explained that the new genus name was superfluous because older available names existed that should have instead been used. Consequently, the genus Lepra was reinstated to contain species formerly placed in the Pertusaria albescens species group.
Description
Genus Lepra contains crustose lichens with the following features: disc-like ascomata; a hymenial gel that is weakly amyloid to non-amyloid; asci that are strongly amyloid but lack clear amyloid structures at their tips; and asci containing one or two single-layered, thin-walled ascospores.
Species
| 2.375
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69797648
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaghat%20people
|
Vaghat people
|
The Vaghat people are an ethnic group who traditionally inhabited just over a dozen villages in the hills of Tafawa Balewa and Bogoro LGAs in southwestern Bauchi State, Nigeria. Today, the Vaghat have also moved to many towns and settlements spread across Bauchi State, Plateau State, and Kaduna State (mostly near Zaria). They speak the Vaghat language, one of the Tarokoid languages with over 20,000 speakers.
Clans
Vaghat highland clans are: Āyàlàs, Àyìtūr, Àtòròk, Āyīpàɣí, Āyīgònì, Àyàkdàl, Àyánàvēr, Āyàtōl, Àyàʒíkʔìn, Àyìʤìlìŋ, Áyàshàlà, and Àzàrā.
Vaghat lowland clans are: Āyàlàs, Àyàkdàl, Àyàʒíkʔìn, Àyàgwàr, and Àyàgyēr.
Religion
Traditional Vaghat religion consists of belief in:
Vi Matur, the universal deity (literally 'sun above')
Àdàmōrā, the ancestors
Reincarnation, tya mi karam
Spirits, woni
The Vaghat people also have shrines, called gataŋ mishiri.
Society
In Vaghat traditional society, positions of authority are:
ru ma daghal - secular chief
da mishiri (suŋgwari) - chief priest
maaji (da ma ayokon) - deputy to the chief
maɗaki - advisor to the chief
turaki - advisor to the chief
igomor - chief of the warriors
fan shen (faye ma apal) - chief seer
Burials
The Vaghat people have a cave in a mountain where they keep the skulls of their ancestors.
| 2.640625
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69797753
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan%20Wilkenfeld
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Jonathan Wilkenfeld
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Jonathan Wilkenfeld (born March 24, 1942) is an American political scientist and professor emeritus at University of Maryland, specialized in foreign policy, terrorism and simulation methodology in political science. He is the Founding Director of the International Communication and Negotiation Simulations Project.
Career
Wilkenfeld attended University of Maryland, where he received a B.S. in Political Science. He later obtained an M.A. from George Washington University and a Ph.D. from Indiana University.
Wilkenfeld has been a professor at University of Maryland since 1969, where he has worked with the university’s Department of Government and Politics and the Institute for Advanced Computer Studies. He is also a research professor of the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism.
Wilkenfeld and Michael Brecher are the creators of the International Crisis Behavior Project which maintains an online database of 1,078 countries in international conflict, also called “crisis actors”, and their behavior in over 487 crises international crises since 1918. An example of an international conflict in the database is the Cuban Missile Crisis where the “crisis actors” were the U.S., the Soviet Union and Cuba. The ICB Project has been referenced in a number of academic papers in the analysis of conflict, terror and international crisis.
In 1982, Wilkenfeld founded the International Communication and Negotiation Simulations Project. The project allows students to learn about international relations, crisis management, and negotiation through simulations and scenario-driven exercises. The project has been referenced in multiple academic articles as an example of simulation programs in international relations for educational purposes.
Research interests
Wilkenfeld research focuses on crisis theory, war, protracted social conflict, foreign policy, and international relations in the Middle East and South Asia.
Selected publications
| 2.25
| 0
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69797801
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Bad%20Guys%20%28book%20series%29
|
The Bad Guys (book series)
|
The Bad Guys is an illustrated children's graphic novel series written by Australian author Aaron Blabey. It revolves around a gang of anthropomorphic animals known as the "Bad Guys", who attempt to perform good deeds to change society's perception of them as criminals.
DreamWorks Animation acquired the rights to the series to make an animated feature film adaptation, which was released in the United States on April 22, 2022. A second film is set to be released in 2025.
Characters
Main
Heroes
Mr. Moe Wolf – A gray wolf who is the leader of the Good Guys Club/Shadow Squad G. Tired of being constantly seen as the villain, he recruits his friends to do good deeds and clear their reputations. Despite his good intentions, his enthusiasm gets in the way and prevents their missions from being successful.
Mr. Cedric Snake – An Eastern brown snake, who works on stealth tactics of the team. He is self-centered and often diverts from the Good Guys Club's goals. During the book's second arc, he is possessed by an otherworldly entity and becomes the antagonist known as "The Dark Lord of Serpents".
Mr. Pepe Piranha – A Bolivian red-bellied piranha, who works on being the team's muscle, has a bad temper contrasting his small size. His family forms a mafia-like operation in which his father is the leader.
Mr. Lou Shark – A great white shark, who works as a master-of-disguise. Despite his large size and intimidating appearance, he is usually the most serene of the group. At first, he did not like Mr. Tarantula due to his arachnophobia, but eventually, he got over it.
Mr. Stevie/Ms. Tarantula – A sharp-tongued expert hacking redknee tarantula also known as "Legs". Often speaking in jive, he prefers not to wear clothing, which confuses the rest of the team. In the film, the sex of his character was changed to a female known as "Webs".
| 2.203125
| 0
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69797936
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol%20in%20association%20football
|
Alcohol in association football
|
Alcohol companies are sponsors of major association football teams and tournaments. Branding has been voluntarily removed from children's replica kits and banned outright in France. Alcohol cannot be consumed in parts of English football grounds with view of the pitch, or anywhere in Scottish grounds outside of corporate hospitality.
In England, football had a drinking culture, which declined from the late 1990s due to foreign managers such as Arsène Wenger and an increased focus on health and fitness. Some star footballers have suffered from alcohol abuse up to the point of death, and others have committed alcohol-related crimes such as drink driving. Conversely, other players abstain from alcohol, including for reasons of faith.
Alcohol and players
English football's drinking culture was exemplified by Arsenal's Tuesday Club. One of the first managers to challenge this and promote the health and performance benefits of abstinence was Frenchman Arsène Wenger, who was hired by Arsenal in 1996. In 2003, Wenger picked 19-year-old Jermaine Pennant to play against Southampton; Pennant had not expected to play, but despite still being hungover after arriving home from a night out at 6 a.m., he scored a hat-trick as Arsenal won 6–1. In 2016, Wenger said that there was no longer a drinking culture in English football as players were aware of the risks.
According to Chelsea player Damien Duff, a strong drinking culture existed at the club during the early years of José Mourinho's tenure as manager, and that John Terry, Frank Lampard, Wayne Bridge, Eiður Guðjohnsen and Duff would go "out all the time and get absolutely lamped".
Former Liverpool and Tottenham Hotspur player, Paul Walsh was part of a drinking culture during his time at the clubs. He said that while with Tottenham he frequently drove when drunk and used alcohol to mask his poor on-pitch performances.
| 2.40625
| 0
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69798338
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartholomew%20James
|
Bartholomew James
|
In June Captain Luttrell was superseded in command of the Charon by Captain Thomas Symonds, and the ship sailed from Spithead in the beginning of August. At Cork she joined the Bienfaisant and two frigates, which put to sea on the 12th with a convoy of a hundred victuallers for North America. On the 13th they fell in with and captured the Comte d'Artois of 64 guns; after which the Charon took sole charge of the convoy, and arrived at Charleston on 14 October. During the next year she was engaged in active cruising on the coast; in September 1781 she was shut up in the York River, and after assisting in the defence of Yorktown, was destroyed by the enemy with red-hot shot. When Lord Cornwallis surrendered, James, with the other officers of the Charon, became a prisoner; he was sent to England on parole, and in March 1782 was exchanged. In June he was appointed to the Aurora frigate, and being in her at Spithead on 29 August, when the Royal George foundered, was in command of the Aurora's boats helping to pick up the survivors.
| 2.28125
| 0
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69798351
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four%20Sabras
|
Four Sabras
|
Four Sabras is a short composition for solo piano by American composer Leonard Bernstein. Sabras (in Hebrew, צבר, "tsabár") refers to vignettes or portraits of different fictitious Israeli children.
Background
Best evidence suggest it was written throughout the early 1950s (the first piece, for example, was written in 1953). It was initially entitled Six Sabras, which indicates Bernstein expected to write a total of six short pieces (a kibbutznik and a boy scout, both unnamed), but these two pieces were never eventually written. It was probably written at the request of Israeli Music Publications, possibly as a set of pieces for children. The cover of the original manuscript, where the list of pieces was specified, could be found among Bernstein's papers in Israel in 1948. The set would be eventually finished by 1956. The set of four pieces was never formally premiered, but it was recorded for the first time by Jack Gottlieb in May 1993. It was published posthumously in 2010, by Jalni Publications and Boosey & Hawkes.
Structure
Four Sabras consists of four short pieces for solo piano and takes a total of six minutes to perform. The list of movements is as follows:
| 2.515625
| 0
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69798426
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichenomphalia%20tasmanica
|
Lichenomphalia tasmanica
|
Lichenomphalia tasmanica is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. It is found in Tasmania, Australia. It has a bright scaley thallus that grows like a green crust on rich soil between rocks. Occasionally. the lichen produces small, bright yellow-orange mushroom-like fruiting bodies.
Taxonomy
The lichen was formally described as a new species in 2012 by Gintaras Kantvilas. The type specimen was collected on the track to Nevada Peak at an altitude of , where it was found growing on the ground between boulders in heathland. The specific epithet refers to the type locality. The authors explained that they had seen the unidentifiable sterile crust form of the lichen for many years before observing its fruiting stage, noting "it was very exciting when the species was finally encountered fertile, producing not ascomata as expected but attractive, yellow-orange, mushroom-like basidiocarps".
Description
The lichen has a bright green squamulose thallus comprising convex squamules (scales) that measure 0.5–2 mm wide and 0.5–1 mm thick. Its fruiting body is a bright yellow-orange mushroom with a cap 3–11 mm wide, and distantly-spaced, decurrent gills on the underside of the cap, more or less the same colour (or lighter) as the cap surface. The stipe is 0.5–10 mm tall with a minute tomentum (i.e. fine, soft "hairs"); its colour is initially white in fresh specimens, but drys to a pale orange-pink. The basidia are four-spored. Basidiospores are translucent with thin walls, typically measuring 7.5–8.5–10 by 5–5.7–6.5 μm.
Habitat
The thallus squamules of Lichenomphalia tasmanica usually grow on moist soil that is enriched with organic matter, such as is typical of the gaps between stones in heathland at the type locality. Associated lichens include Cladonia species, Parasiphula fragilis, and Siphula decumbens. The authors are not sure of the fruiting season of Lichenomphalia tasmanica, but suspect that it does not fruit annually.
| 2.234375
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69798614
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigismund%20von%20Storchenau
|
Sigismund von Storchenau
|
Sigismund Maria Laurentius von Storchenau SJ (14 August 173113 April 1797) was an Austrian Catholic priest, philosopher and theologian.
Biography
Storchenau was born at Köttmannsdorf in Carinthia. He entered the Society of Jesus in 1747, and became professor of philosophy in Vienna in 1762. In the years 1781–90, he was court preacher to Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria at Klagenfurt.
Storchenau wished to promote the works of the philosopher Christian Wolff in Catholic nations, in a similar way as many German Jesuits of that time (e.g. Leopold Biwald and Roger Joseph Boscovich).
Works
Institutiones logicae (1769)
Institutiones metaphysicae (1769)
Grundsätze der Logik (1774)
Die Philosophie der Religion (1773–81)
Zugaben (1785–89)
Tractatus de religione et theologia naturali (1786)
L. J. Spittler's Grundriß der christlichen Kirchengeschichte (1790)
Seltenere Urkunden aus dem inneren Archive der Religionsphilosophie (1791)
Der Glaube der Christen, wie er sein soll (1792)
Die Moral des Christen, wie sein soll, in geistlichen Reden (1793–96)
Sermones sacri in omnes totius anni dominicas (1806)
| 2.078125
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69799148
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1909-S%20VDB%20Lincoln%20Cent
|
1909-S VDB Lincoln Cent
|
History
Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th U.S. president, thought American coins were common and uninspiring. He had the opportunity to pose for a portrait with a young Lithuanian-born Jewish artist, Victor David Brenner. The artist had become one of the nation's premier medalists. Roosevelt had learned of Brenner's talents in a settlement house on New York City's Lower East Side and was immediately impressed with a Bas-Relief that Brenner had made of Abraham Lincoln, based on a Mathew Brady photograph. Roosevelt revered Abraham Lincoln as the savior of the Union and the greatest Republican president. He ordered the new Lincoln cent to be based on Brenner's work and to be released just in time to commemorate Lincoln's 100th birthday in 1909. The likeness of President Lincoln on the obverse of the coin is an adaptation of a plaque Brenner created several years earlier which had come to the attention of President Roosevelt in New York. The Lincoln penny was the first everyday American coin to feature an actual person.
On January 10, 1909, The Spokesman-Review reported that soon a new design for the penny would be submitted by a "sculptor of prominence". They speculated that the "old-fashioned Indian headdress will probably not be used on the penny." The new pennies were not issued in June when they were expected because the sculptor Victor David Brenner had not put the words "In God We Trust" above the Lincoln head. President William Howard Taft, who assumed office in March 1909, wanted the words to appear on the coin's obverse. This meant that the dies and pennies were delayed until August 1909. The coin was finally released to the public on August 2, 1909, with much fanfare. People got in long lines and waited to get the pennies. Policemen on horseback were called in to control the people. Because of the penny's portrayal of Lincoln many Black-Americans considered it "emancipation money".
Controversy
| 2.796875
| 0
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69799191
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichenomphalia%20altoandina
|
Lichenomphalia altoandina
|
Lichenomphalia altoandina is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. Found in Chile, it was described as a new species in 2017 by Pablo Sandoval-Leiva and Nicolas Niveiro.
Taxonomy
The type specimen was collected close to Colpitas (General Lagos, Arica y Parinacota Region) at a height above mean sea level of . Here the lichen was found in a saline wetland amongst cushions of dead plants Zameioscirpus atacamensis and Oxychloë andina, as well as Carex and Deyeuxia curvula. The specific epithet altoandina combines alto- ("high") with andina ("Andes"), alluding to the habitat of the lichens.
Description
The lichen Lichenomphalia altoandina has an inconspicuous thallus. It makes clusters of orange fruitbodies with caps up to in diameter on top of a stipe that is long by broad. The gills on the cap underside are decurrent, distantly spaced, and interspersed with lamellulae (small gills) of different lengths. The basidia, which are attached to one to four spores, typically measure 33–68 by 6–9.5 μm. Basidiospores are smooth and thin-walled, hyaline, roughly spherical to ellipsoid in shape, and usually measure 8–10.5 by 5–7 μm.
Habitat and distribution
Although it is only known from the type locality, the authors speculate that it is more widely distributed throughout northern Chile in high-elevation Andean Mountain wetlands. The habitat of the lichen is typical of the puna grassland ecoregion in altiplano found in Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, and Peru.
Conservation
In 2020, Lichenomphalia altoandina was assessed as a vulnerable species for the global IUCN Red List. Its relatively small population—estimated to be about 600 individuals distributed in smaller subpopulations in up to 50 sites with suitable habitat—is subject to the impacts of mining, quarrying and other human activities.
| 2.03125
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69799219
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Background%20and%20causes%20of%20the%20Syrian%20revolution
|
Background and causes of the Syrian revolution
|
After winning the 2007 presidential election in Syria with 99.82% of the declared votes, Bashar al-Assad implemented numerous measures that further intensified political and cultural repression. Numerous journalists were arrested and independent press centres were shut down. Syrian government intensifed its censorship of the Internet; banning access to more than 200 websites, including sites such as Wikipedia, Youtube, etc. Internet centres were allowed to operate only after the prior authorization of Syrian surveillance agencies. In 2007, the Syrian government enacted a law that forced Internet cafes to keep records of all online comments posted by users in chat forums, as well as their browsing habits. Several individuals who used internet cafes were arrested and reports emerged of the existence of specialized prison centres that detained individuals accused of "internet crimes".
In November 2007, Facebook was banned in Syria. In December, Syrian government launched a large-scale domestic crackdown, arresting more than 30 political dissidents and civil society activists who advocated gradual changes within the political system. After 2006, Assad government expanded travel bans against numerous dissidents, intellectuals, authors and artists living in Syria; preventing them and their families from travelling abroad. In September 2010, The Economist newspaper described Syrian government as "the worst offender among Arab states", that engaged in imposing travel bans and restricted free movement of people. More than 400 individuals in Syria were reportedly restricted by Assad regime's travel bans in 2010.
Corruption
| 2.1875
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69799302
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Stiebel%20%28businessman%29
|
George Stiebel (businessman)
|
After his ship is said to have sunk off the coast of Venezuela in 1856, he returned a wealthy man in 1873. With three other black men he is said to have discovered a gold mine, which is said to have had a monthly income of 80,000 pounds sterling for several years. While the others gave away their shares at a ridiculous price, he kept his shares and became a millionaire when the mine was later capitalized for $16,000,000.
He acquired 99 properties in Jamaica, including two sugar plantations, a wharf at Church Street, Great Salt Pond and a cattle pen at Minard in the Saint Ann's Bay District. After the Church of England's ownership of the Devon Penn in Kingston, which had been granted to the Geneva minister James Zeller in 1644, expired in October 1879, George Stiebel was able to erect his representative Devon House there two years later. Located in a park, the neoclassical mansion, built in 1881, is now one of the sights of the city of Kingston.
In 1891 he was made Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George by Queen Victoria.
George Stiebel died on 29 June 1896 at Devon House with no close family members beside him, his death was witnessed by Theophilus Beanswell. His daughter who was in England with his five grandchildren was not able to attend his funeral. He died a year after both his grandson Douglas Jackson (1884-1895) and son-in-law Richard Hill Jackson (1845-1895) died. They died within one week of each other at Devon House.
| 2.1875
| 0
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69799361
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monpe
|
Monpe
|
The origins of monpe are found in hakama, which were introduced to the Japanese court around the sixth century, and primarily used as professional clothing for men. Once conceived, owing to their simple construction, monpe did not change significantly in style for centuries, and continued to be practical garments to wear during outdoor work. There is debate on when modern monpe used in urban areas first developed, with some historians such as Yi Jaeyoon arguing this was not until 1924. In the early 1930s, the ethnologist and folklorist, Kiyoko Segawa (1895–1984), travelled throughout the countryside and remote villages to study traditional rural clothing. The introduction of Western clothing after the Meiji Restoration was perceived by some as a threat to traditional, wafuku clothing, such as kimono and monpe, so efforts were made to preserve indigenous clothing. Segawa wrote 61 volumes in total, with record of three hundred versions of monpe across Japan. Around the same time, in 1930, Kimura Matsukichi, recommended monpe as the ideal work dress for women in factories. The garments discussion in high-brow fashion journals including Hifuku (Clothing) signalled its entrance into mainstream urban clothing.
| 2.875
| 0
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69799518
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organized%20crime%20in%20London%2C%20Ontario
|
Organized crime in London, Ontario
|
1920
On December 1, 1920, there was a robbery at the Merchants Bank, which is now known as the South London Branch of the Bank of Montreal, located on Wortley Road. Two masked gunman entered the bank and began demanding money. J. Lackie, who was working as an assistant accountant for the bank, was injured when he was stuck in the head by one of the robbers with the butt of his pistol. E.M. Dagg, who was acting manager during the time of the robbery, was told to get face down on the ground. The robbers were given around $800 (over $11,000 adjusting for inflation) from the tills, this seemed to satisfy them as they did not ask for the safe containing $40,000 (modern equivalent of over $560,000) in cash and assets to be opened. They exited the bank and for the first time in Canadian history, they entered an automobile that they would use to escape the scene of the crime. They had previously stolen the automobile from a man named Roy Dale. The robbers used the vehicle to escape the crime scene and ditched it on the grounds of the London Asylum located on what is now Highbury Street. No one was ever charged in connection with the robbery as police were not able to gather sufficient evidence or leads on finding the "Wheeled Bandits".
The financial institution would shut its doors on July 31, 1931, partially due to the wartime conditions of the Great Depression, also due to the fact that it was involved in one of the most notorious robberies in the city's history.
| 2.21875
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69799603
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citadel%3A%20The%20Battle%20of%20Dien%20Bien%20Phu
|
Citadel: The Battle of Dien Bien Phu
|
Citadel:The Battle of Dien Bien Phu is a board wargame published by Game Designers Workshop (GDW) in 1977 that is a simulation of the Battle of Dien Bien Phu that marked the end of the First Indochina War in 1954.
Description
Citadel is a two-player game in which one player controls the forces of the French Foreign Legion holding the Dien Bien Phu citadel, and the other player controls the Viet Minh besiegers.
Components
The game box (or ziplock bag) contains:
two-piece 44" x 28" hex grid map
480 die-cut counters
Air chart
Turn record
Two combat results/terrain effects charts
Scenario information chart
Rule book
Gameplay
Each turn is 24 hours. The game comes with a series of chronologically linked scenarios that cover each phase of the battle. Although each separate scenario is only 5–7 turns, reviewer Brian Laidlaw noted that each one still takes 12–14 hours to complete. There is a complete Campaign game that covers the entire battle from start to finish in 55 turns.
Movement is unusual for wargames of the time: there is no limit to how far a unit may move except that every third hex, a moving unit may be subject to enemy fire, and the unit must stop if it comes up against an enemy unit's zone of control. Starting with the second scenario, the Viet Minh can entrench towards the French positions, thus avoiding movement in the open.
The French forces start the game with ten tanks, but these cannot be replaced if disabled, although they can be repaired. Likewise, only the French have airplanes, which can be used for artillery spotting, resupply or bombing raids. If the citadel's airstrip is destroyed or taken, then the French lose access to this resource.
The combat system is complex – some reviewers called it "overwrought" — and each separate combat die roll requires several calculations to achieve results.
Victory conditions
If the Viet Minh take objectives set out for them while keeping their losses within defined limits, then they win the scenario. Any other result is a French victory.
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69799658
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanochelon
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Titanochelon
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Titanochelon is an extinct genus of giant tortoises known from the Early Miocene to the beginning of the Pleistocene in Europe, extending from the Iberian Peninsula to Anatolia. Some members of the genus were larger than extant giant tortoises, with a shell length of up to .
Taxonomy
There are approximately 10 known species in the genus, most of which were originally assigned to Testudo (a genus which formally encompassed almost all fossil tortoises) or Cheirogaster, the type species of which, Cheirogaster maurini is known from the Eocene of France and is quite different to the species assigned to Titanochelon. After a major systematic revision in 2014, the genus Titanochelon was created to house these related species.
Titanochelon bolivari (Hernandez-Pacheco, 1917) (type) Iberian Peninsula, Miocene
Titanochelon bacharidisi (Vlachos et al., 2014) Greece, Bulgaria, Late Miocene
Titanochelon perpiniana (Deperet 1885) France, Pliocene
Titanochelon schafferi (Szalai, 1931) Samos, Greece, Miocene
Titanochelon vitodurana (Biedermann 1862) Switzerland, Early Miocene
Titanochelon kayadibiensis Karl, Staesche & Safi, 2021, Anatolia, Miocene
Titanochelon eurysternum (Gervais, 1848–1852) France, Miocene
Titanochelon ginsburgi (de Broin, 1977 ) France, Miocene
Titanochelon leberonensis (Depéret, 1890) France, Miocene
Titanochelon schleichi Pappa, Vlachos & Moser, 2023, Germany, Miocene (Burdigalian/Langhian boundary)
The giant tortoise species "Testudo" gymnesica Bate, 1914 from the Lower Pliocene-Lower Pleistocene of the Balearic Islands was formerly suggested to be possibly attributable to this genus, but the taxon displays notable differences from the species assigned to Titanochelon. Remains from the Pleistocene of Malta were also considered possibly attributable to this genus. In 2022, "Testudo" gymnesica and the Maltese species were assigned to the new genus Solitudo.
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69799766
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eryngium%20ebracteatum
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Eryngium ebracteatum
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Eryngium ebracteatum Lam., the burnet-flowered sea holly, is a herbaceous perennial native to damp grasslands in South America. The species is occasionally cultivated as an ornamental plant.
Etymology
The specific epithet 'ebracteatum' is derived from the Latin 'e' without and 'bracteatus' bracts. This is notable as the most frequently cultivated Old World Eryngiums such as E. alpinum and E. planum are known for their conspicuous bristly or spiny bracts.
Taxonomy
Eryngium ebracteatum was described in 1797 by the French naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamark (Lam.). This species is a member of the subgenus Monocotyloidea which includes most New World species. Within Monocotyloidea E. ebracteatum is part of a group of South American species with inconspicuous involucral bracts. Its closest relatives are the Argentinian species E. incantatum Lucena, Novara & Cuezzo. and Brazilian species E. balansae H.Wolff.
Morphology
Eryngium ebracteatum is an evergreen herbaceous perennial growing to a height of 1.5 meters. The species has grey-green lance shaped leaves which in contrast to other South American Eryngium are almost or entirely spineless. The inflorescences, which are cone shaped and deep-red are held on wiry branching stems, due to the absence of bracts and reddish color they are often confused with sanguisorba L. species such as S. tenuifolia Fisch. ex Link. and S. officinalis L. E. ebracteatum has underground storage organs and long taproots with little branching. The glaucous leaves of this plant are a result of a covering of epicuticular waxes, the particular arrangement of these wax crystals makes the leaves ultrahydrophobic. In plants this adaptation is known as the lotus effect, and it thought to aid in the removal of dust and soil particles from the leaves which may contain pathogens or reduce photosynthesis.
Distribution and habitat
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69799766
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eryngium%20ebracteatum
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Eryngium ebracteatum
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Eryngium ebracteatum is widely distributed in South and Central America, including Brazil, Costa Rica, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela. It is native to undegraded frequently flooding pampas as well as humid mesophytic meadows, the species is found at elevations of 130 to 1600 meters.
Conservation
The conservation status of E. ebracteatum has not been locally evaluated within Colombia, nor has its global threat level been assessed. Despite this, it is known to have a wide distribution across South America so is resilient to local threats. In contrast, its habitat is at risk due to invasive species, especially herbaceous perennials in the Asteraceae, Poaceae and Fabaceae families. These plants have often been imported for the horticultural trade and then spread to natural environments.
Cultivation
The most frequently cultivated species of the genus Eryngium are in the subgenus Eryngium (native to rocky and coastal areas). The New World grassland species are cultivated less often but are gaining popularity due to their fit within the naturalistic planting movement. In cultivation, Eryngium ebracteatum requires full sun and moderately fertile soil. Despite being native to wet areas, it is prone to root and crown rot if it receives a combination of low temperatures and waterlogged soil. Most specimens of Eryngium ebracteatum cultivated are of the variety 'poterioides'.
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69799974
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestine-on-a-chip
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Intestine-on-a-chip
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Intestines-on-a-chip (gut-on-a-chip, mini-intestine) are microfluidic bioengineered 3D-models of the real organ, which better mimic physiological features than conventional 3D intestinal organoid culture. A variety of different intestine-on-a-chip models systems have been developed and refined, all holding their individual strengths and weaknesses and collectively holding great promise to the ultimate goal of establishing these systems as reliable high-throughput platforms for drug testing and personalised medicine. The intestine is a highly complex organ system performing a diverse set of vital tasks, from nutrient digestion and absorption, hormone secretion, and immunological processes to neuronal activity, which makes it particularly challenging to model in vitro.
Conventional intestine models
Conventional intestinal models, such as traditional 2D cell culture of immortalised cell lines (e.g. CaCo2 or HT29), transwell cultures, Ussing chambers, and everted gut sacs, have been used extensively to understand better (patho-)physiological processes in the intestine. However, many intestinal functions are difficult to recapitulate and study using such simplistic models. Thus, these systems' translational and experimental value is limited.
| 2.25
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69799974
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestine-on-a-chip
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Intestine-on-a-chip
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In 2009, the development of intestinal organoids marked a milestone in the in vitro modelling of intestinal tissue. Intestinal organoids mimic the in vivo stem cell niche as intestinal stem cells spontaneously give rise to a closed, cystic mini-tissue with outward-facing buds representing the characteristic crypt-villus architecture of the intestinal epithelium. Intestinal organoids can contain all the different cell types of the intestinal epithelium, e.g. enterocytes, goblet cells, Paneth cells and enteroendocrine cells. Together with the accurate representation of the tissue architecture and cell-type composition, organoids have been shown to also exhibit key functional similarities to the native tissue. Furthermore, their long-term stability in culture, derivation from healthy and diseased origin and genetic manipulation possibilities make intestinal organoids a useful though simplistic model for large spread use as a platform for functional studies and disease modelling.
Nevertheless, several limitations restrict their usefulness as an intestinal model. First and foremost, the organoids' closed cystic structure makes their inner (apical) surface inaccessible, and separate treatment of apical and basolateral sides — and thus transport studies — highly cumbersome. Moreover, this closed cystic structure implies that intestinal organoids accumulate shed dead cells in their lumen putting spatial strain on the organoids, thus impeding undisturbed organoid culture over longer periods of time without disruption by mechanical disruption and passaging. Furthermore, intestinal organoid cultures suffer from strongly variable sizes, shapes, morphologies and localisations between single organoids in their 3D culture environment.
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78685114
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teuku%20Mohamad%20Thaher%20Thajeb
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Teuku Mohamad Thaher Thajeb
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Teuku Mohamad Thaher Thajeb (April 24, 1910 - unknown), also often written as Taher Thajeb, was an engineer and PKI politician who served as a member of the People's Representative Council from 1956 to 1965.
Early life and education
Thajeb was born in Bandung on 24 April 1910. He was of Acehnese noble descent. His father was Teuku Cik Haji Mohamad Thajeb, and his mother was Siti Djuaenah. He received his primary education at Sekolah Rakyat (People's School). He then continued his junior high school at MULO and senior high school at AMS. After completing his studies, he attended Delft University of Technology, majoring in mechanical engineering, and earned his engineering degree in 1941.
Career
Engineer career
After returning to Indonesia in 1945, Thajeb worked at the Djawatan Kereta Api workshop in Manggarai, Jakarta. In 1946, he moved to and continued working at the Railway Service. A year later, he moved to Gombong and then to Yogyakarta. In Yogyakarta, he served as the Head of Armament at the Ministry of Defense from 1947 to 1948.
In 1948, Thajeb was appointed Head of the Civil Aviation Division at the Ministry of Transportation and held that position until 1950.
During his tenure, he was detained by the Dutch following the fall of Yogyakarta on 19 December 1948. Afterward, he served as Chairman of the Transportation Council (P3KI) at the Ministry of Transportation from 1951 to 1952. In 1953, Thajeb became a senior official assigned to assist the Minister of Transportation. He also held the position of advisor to the central board of the Ministry of Transportation Workers' Union. In March 1956, Iskandar Tedjasukmana appointed Thajeb as a member of the Central Labor Placement Advisory Council.
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78685593
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String%20Quartet%28s%29
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String Quartet(s)
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String Quartet(s) (2000–2023) is a digital four-channel surround-sound composition by Luxembourg-Australian composer Georges Lentz. It is over 43 hours long and plays constantly, day and night, in its permanent sound installation setting, the Cobar Sound Chapel in remote Outback New South Wales, Australia.
Background
The composer started writing string quartet fragments from the early 2000s over many years. This music was then developed during extensive recording sessions between 2008 and 2020 in collaboration with the Sydney-based string quartet The Noise. The recordings included both notated music and free and guided improvisation, in both acoustic sound and with feedback pedals.
Structure
String Quartet(s) is structured around predominantly sparse musical textures with many thousands of tiny musical dots (delicate short notes) that suggest "a starry night sky" (Lentz) and form the context for some hugely dramatic, complex musical clusters which emerge from and are embedded in this meditative backdrop.
Techniques, themes and influences
Over its vast duration the music develops and varies a number of musical tropes, such as a star-like glitter, bird-like and insect-like sounds, musical unisons, quasi-tonal chorales, digital glitches and drones, electronic distortions of the acoustic sound, modernist avant-garde gestures, noise, multi-layered as well as very sparse textures, industrial as well as serene sounds, long haunting solo passages for the individual instruments, techno-like beats, layered spoken text, hiss, cuts, loops etc... - all of which is punctuated again and again by periods of silence. The music constantly varies or modifies these musical tropes, without ever repeating them in an identical way.
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78685876
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanian-Celtic%20War
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Dardanian-Celtic War
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The Dardanian-Celtic War was a conflict that happened during 279 BC between the Illyrian kingdom of the Dardani and the Celtic tribes.
Background
The political situation in the northern Balkans was in constant flux with various tribes dominant over their neighbours at any one time. Within tribes, military expeditions were conducted by "an enterprising and mobile warrior class able from time to time to conquer large areas and to exploit their population". The political situation in the Balkans during the 4th century BC played to the Celts' advantage. The Illyrians had been waging war against the Greeks, leaving their western flank weak. While Alexander ruled Greece, the Celts dared not to push south near Greece. Therefore, early Celtic expeditions were concentrated against Illyrian tribes.
The first Balkan tribe to be defeated by the Celts was the Illyric Autariatae, who, during the 4th century BC, had enjoyed a hegemony over much of the central Balkans, centred on the Morava valley. An account of Celtic tactics is revealed in their attacks on the Ardiaei.
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78686620
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executions%20in%20the%20Valley%20of%20Death
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Executions in the Valley of Death
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The exhumation in the Valley of Death was conducted hastily and unexpectedly halted by the Security Office. It was never resumed. This may have been related to the fact that the Security Office also carried out executions in this location after the war (on German prisoners).
On 9 May 1947, the coffins containing the victims' remains were transported to Bydgoszcz's Old Market Square. The following day, a ceremonial funeral was held, after which a procession with the coffins made its way to the Cemetery of the Heroes of Bydgoszcz on Freedom Hill.
Following World War II, interest in the Valley of Death execution site was significant. The parson of St. Nicholas Church, Father Alfons Sylka (who had ties to the Home Army during the war), erected a stone obelisk to commemorate the genocide committed there.
Responsibility of the perpetrators
The majority of those responsible for the crimes in the Valley of Death escaped post-war criminal accountability. Only a few perpetrators faced justice in Polish courts.
Richard Hildebrandt, the senior SS and Police Leader in the Reich District of Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia, was sentenced to death by a Polish court in Bydgoszcz. The sentence was carried out on 10 March 1951. In the same trial, SS-Brigadeführer Max Henze, who served as the president of the police in Bydgoszcz from 12 October 1939, was also sentenced to death and executed on the same day as Hildebrandt. Eryk Pollatz, an active member of Selbstschutz responsible for, among other crimes, the extermination of Jews from Fordon, was also prosecuted. On 4 July 1947, the Special Criminal Court sentenced Pollatz to death, and the sentence was carried out.
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78688084
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brno-%C3%9At%C4%9Bchov
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Brno-Útěchov
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In 1903, the organization of Social Democracy in Útěchov was founded, and two years later, a workers' gymnasium was established. Two Útěchov residents died in World War I. In 1923, the local Sokol was founded, and three years later, a volunteer fire brigade was also founded, which became the main organizer of social events. That same year, as part of the land reform, the Liechtenstein forest estate Adamov was expropriated. It became a school farm of the University of Agriculture (today's Mendel University) and from 1932 it was called the Masaryk Forest School Forest Farm.
In 1923, Útěchov, which had been part of Vranov until then, became a municipality. In the first municipal elections, the communist party won with 7 seats. The cadastral area of Útěchov had until then consisted of the village's built up area and agricultural land, so it was relatively small and its border was formed by the then forest. It was at the expense of Vranov that Útěchov was then expanded to include forest land. While in 1845 it had an area of only 0.50 km², 103 years later, in 1948, it was already 1.16 km².
The end of World War II was marked by fighting between the retreating German army, which used Útěchov as a foothold, fortified itself there on 23 April 1945 and turned the inn into a hospital, and the attacking Romanian army. The villagers mostly fled into the forests, but several people died. Shortly after the war, a cross was erected on the road to Vranov to commemorate the end of the fighting.
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78688193
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarlan%20Hasanov
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Tarlan Hasanov
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Coaching career
In August 1972, he started conducting training sessions in judo and sambo at the Lokomotiv Sports Society. At that time, Judo was not developed in Azerbaijan or the Soviet Union. Soviet sambo athletes participated in European championships, but since judo was a Japanese sport and considered "capitalist", Soviet athletes were not allowed to participate in Judo competitions. However, on 22 November 1972, the USSR Sports Committee decided to develop judo throughout the Soviet Union. Two years later, by a decision of the Sports Committee, Hasanov was appointed as the head coach of the Soviet Union junior and schoolboys team.
In 2012, together with his student Azer Asgarov, he opened the Judo Club 2012 in central Baku.
Tarlan Hasanov’s students have gained various medals at the USSR, European, and World championships, as well as many other international competitions. Hasanov has also been the coach of the personal trainers of two Olympic champions—Aghayar Akhundzade (coach of Olympic champion Nazim Huseynov) and Yashar Allahverdi (coach of Olympic champion Elnur Mammadli). Some of his other trainees include Rasim Aghamirov, Mammadali Mehdiyev, Ilgar Mushkiyev, and Murad Fatiyev. On July 29, 2024, one of his trainees, Hidayat Heydarov, won the Olympic gold at the Paris Olympics.
Hasanov is the president of the Kanokan TT professional Judo sports club and continues to actively engage in coaching and pedagogical activities.
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78688515
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramuntanasaurus
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Tramuntanasaurus
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is an extinct genus of moradisaurine captorhinid that lived during the late Early Permian (Artinskian–Kungurian) or early Middle Permian (early Roadian) in what is now the island of Mallorca of the Balearic Islands. The genus is only known by its type species, , which was named in 2023 by Rafel Matamales-Andreu, Eudald Mujal, Àngel Galobart and Josep Fortuny, from an almost complete skeleton discovered in 2019.
Etymology
The genus is named after the Serra de Tramuntana, the main mountain range of Mallorca, where the holotype was found, and from saurus, which means "lizard" in Latin. The specific epithet honors the discoverer of the specimen, Sebastià (Tià) Matamalas Riera, who is also the father of Rafel Matamales-Andreu.
Description
Tramuntanasaurus was a medium-sized captorhinid, measuring about long from head to tail. The skull is long and wide. It is distinctly triangular in dorsal view, where it shows a gradual narrowing towards its anterior end but without a sharp decrease in width in the snout area (unlike most moradisaurines).
In the upper jaw, the maxillae form medially extending plates, each bearing up to five rows of teeth. After an anterior area with a single row of four teeth, further rows of teeth begin to appear, up to five, arranged diagonally to each other. These teeth are bulbous, with narrowed bases and subquadrate/subtrapezoidal section. They clearly show wear facets on their distal side, producing a lateral "heel" outline.
In the mandible, the two most anterior teeth are conical, widened and directed forwards. They are followed by a single row of three smaller teeth directed upwards. Immediately afterwards, on an enlarged area of the dentary bone, several rows of teeth arranged diagonally begin to appear. In the widest area of the dentary plates, five rows of teeth can be distinguished. Like the maxillary teeth, the dentary teeth have a subquadratic-subtrapezoidal section and are bulbous, with a narrowed base. Tooth wear is visible, developing a "heel" on the mesial side of the teeth.
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78688515
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramuntanasaurus
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Tramuntanasaurus
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Tramuntanasaurus differs from all other moradisaurines by a combination of characters such as the presence of a double row of teeth anterior to the tooth plate (unlike Captorhinikos and Moradisaurus), the absence of a diastema (unlike Gansurhinus and Kahneria), the anteriormost dentary teeth oriented forward (unlike Captorhinikos and Gecatogomphius), the presence of five tooth rows on the maxillae and dentaries, a broad snout relative to the length of the skull (unlike Labidosaurikos, Moradisaurus, and Rothianiscus), a postorbital cheek with little lateral convexity, a long anterior process of the frontal, an anterior process of the jugal reaching the anterior margin of the orbit, and pterygoids without teeth.
Paleobiology
Diet
Like other moradisaurines, Tramuntanasaurus was specialized for the herbivory of high-fiber plants. The upper and lower jaws have up to five rows of teeth with which the animal could chew and grind plant material thanks to a mandibular articulation allowing a forward and backward movement of the lower jaw (called propalinal movement).
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78688586
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCcane%20C%C3%BCndio%C4%9Flu
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Dücane Cündioğlu
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Dücane Cündioğlu (born January 21, 1962) is a Turkish philosopher and writer.
Life
He was born in Üsküdar, Istanbul on January 21, 1962. He was involved in various political events during the politically turbulent period before the 1980 Turkish coup d'état. Due to these actions, he was convicted twice before he turned 18, was imprisoned as a political prisoner, and remained in prison for approximately four years.
His first writings were published under the title Letters from Taş Medrese in the newspaper Hergün. He learned Arabic, English, German, French, and Hebrew. During the late 1970s, while he was in prison, he began his writing career and later continued publishing articles in various magazines and newspapers. Starting in 1985, he worked in the field of publishing. He was a columnist for the newspaper Yeni Şafak for 13 years, ending this role on February 5, 2011. Afterwards, he withdrew into seclusion on Büyükada.
Beginning on April 2, 1980, his early writings addressed traditional religious sciences and modern critiques of these disciplines through fields such as logic, linguistics, and hermeneutics. In his later works, he examined the relationship between religion and science, as well as religion and politics, within the context of recent history, and published various monographs on these subjects. Over the years, he compiled his philosophical essays, written across diverse fields such as philosophy, theology, psychology, sufism, history, literature, translation, art, architecture, cinema into books to share with his readers.
Works
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78688864
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20John%27s%20Church%2C%20Magdeburg
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St. John's Church, Magdeburg
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St. John's church (St.-Johannis-Kirche) is a historic church in Magdeburg, Germany. It is known for its blend of Romanesque and Gothic architectural styles.
History
St. John's Church was first mentioned in 941 when King Otto I donated a church to the monks of the Moritz Monastery. The current structure, however, is not the original as multiple rebuilds have occurred due to fires and destruction such as in 1207 when it got burned due fires and in 1631 when General Tilly's forces caused a siege and significant damages.
In 1525 Martin Luther preached here leading to the church's conversion to Protestantism. A Luther memorial stands outside the church to commemorate the event.
During World War II, the church suffered further damage in 1945, which necessitated another round of reconstruction. The rebuilding process started in earnest in 1991, with the church being rededicated in 1999 for cultural events rather than solely religious services.
In 2024 after the Magdeburg Christmas market car attack, a vigil was held to mourn the losses of the people killed in the attack.
Architecture
Some features of the church include late Romanesque elements especially in the western section, including remnants of the original structure from the year 1131, and the Gothic hall church design for the building such as the high pointed arches and ribbed vaults.
The south tower, known for its observation deck, stands at a height of 52 meters and is accessible by 277 steps, offering visitors panoramic views of Magdeburg.
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78689067
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear%C3%B3id%20%C3%93%20Caireall%C3%A1in
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Gearóid Ó Cairealláin
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Gearóid Ó Cairealláin (October 1957 – 20 December 2024) was a Northern Irish activist of the Irish language who was credited with playing a huge role in promoting the Irish language in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, especially in Belfast West.
Biography
Ó Cairealláin was born in October 1957. He hailed from Belfast West, where he attended St Mary's Christian Brothers' Grammar School, Belfast. It was there that he became interested in the Irish language.
After leaving school, he worked in various clerical positions but became more active in several Irish language organisations. He founded the weekly publication Preas an Phobail, which evolved into the Irish language daily newspaper Lá in 1984. He was a founding member of Aisling Ghéar - the Irish-language theatre group, Raidió Fáilte - the Irish-language radio station, and Cultúrlann McAdam Ó Fiaich - the Irish language cultural centre on the Falls Road, Belfast.
He helped establish Meánscoil Feirste which became Coláiste Feirste, the only secondary-level Irish-medium school in Belfast.
From 1995 to 1998, he was president of the Irish language advocacy group Conradh na Gaeilge.
In 2006, he suffered a stroke which left him paralysed from the waist down but he continued to advocate for the Irish language.
Ó Cairealláin was also a successful musician. He was the father of Naoise Ó Cairealláin aka Móglaí Bap, a member of the Kneecap band.
Ó Cairealláin was married to Bríd Ó Gallchoir and had three children. He died at the Royal Victoria Hospital in Belfast on 20 December 2024, at the age of 67.
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78689071
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XCB-01
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XCB-01
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Firepower
The vehicle is equipped with a main weapon system similar to the BMP-1 infantry fighting vehicle with main gun P-73-01 (HT-73-01) being a Vietnamese copy and modernization of the 2A28 Grom, which is used to destroy enemy vehicles, fortifications and manpower at a distance of up to 700 m. Compared to the original BMP-1, the XCB-01 is capable of detecting targets many times better in all weather conditions thanks to being equipped with the 1PN22VN1 multi-channel viewfinder combination developed by the Vietnamese Institute of Technology Application (Ministry of Science and Technology) that successfully designed and manufactured technology in 2020. This new generation multi-channel viewfinder includes 4 channels: day channel, laser rangefinder channel, infrared thermal imaging channel and CCD camera, providing the ability to detect targets from distance up to 2,000 m in all weather conditions.
Regarding secondary weapons, the vehicle is equipped with a 7.62 mm PKT coaxial machine gun and, most prominently, a 12.7 mm NSV-type anti-aircraft machine gun mounted on the roof of the vehicle. This is a unique characteristic of the XCB-01 vehicle, unlike any infantry fighting vehicle previously manufactured by the Soviet Union or Russia. NSV and PKT machine guns are both locally manufactured by Z111 Factory.
The vehicle's weapon complex is mounted on a welded polygonal turret instead of the truncated conical turret on the BMP-1. In addition, soldiers in the troop compartment can use assault rifles and general-purpose machine guns to fire outwards through the battlements on both sides of the vehicle.
| 1.914063
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78689241
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecistocephalus%20smithii
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Mecistocephalus smithii
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Phylogeny
A phylogenetic analysis of ten Mecistocephalus species based on molecular data not only places M. smithii in a clade with M. guildingii, which emerges as the closest relative of M. smithii in a phylogenetic tree, but also places the species M. diversisternus in a sister group for this clade. The species M. guildingii is found in China as well as the Americas and western Africa. The closely related M. diversisternus is found in Taiwan and Japan and is similar enough to M. smithii for specimens of M. diversisternus to be mistakenly identified as specimens of M. smithii.
Description
The species M. smithii has 59 pairs of legs in each sex and ranges from 7.4 cm to 8.8 cm in length. The body is yellow, but the head and forcipular segment are dark red. The head is longer than wide, with a length/width ratio ranging from 1.7 to 2.1. The head features a transverse suture, and the pleurite on each side of the head features a spiculum but no setae. The antennae are 5.3 times as long as the head is wide. Each side of the clypeus features 20 to 22 setae, and the forcipular segment features a pair of setae on each side. The first article of the forcipule features two teeth, the second and third articles each feature one tooth, and the ultimate article features a small basal tooth that is dark brown. The first pair of legs are much smaller than the other legs. The sternites on the anterior leg-bearing segments feature a forked furrow with short branches. The ultimate legs lack claws.
This species exhibits many traits shared with other Mecistocephalus species. For example, like other centipedes in the same genus, this species features an elongated head with spicula. Furthermore, the first article of the forcipule in this species also features two teeth, and the first pair of legs are markedly reduced in size.
| 2.609375
| 0
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78689342
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attalus%20%28sophist%29
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Attalus (sophist)
|
Attalus () was an ancient Greek philosopher in the Second Sophistic tradition, who lived during the second century CE.
He was the son of the renowned sophist Polemon of Laodicea, and grandfather of a sophist named Hermocrates of Phocaea. Most of what we know about Attalus comes from a brief mention in the Lives of the Sophists of Philostratus, in which Philostratus both mentions that Attalus was a sophist and son of the famed Polemon, and also, cuttingly, that the only significant descendant of Polemon was his great-grandson, Hermocrates.
On the other hand, Attalus was noteworthy enough in his time to have had coins minted with his name on them. Attalus appears on some coins of Smyrna, which are figured in Gottfried Olearius's edition of Philostratus. They contain the inscription ΑΤΤΑΔΟΣ ΣΟΦΙΣ. ΤΑΙΣ ΠΑΤΡΙΣΙ ΣΜΥΡ. ΔΑΟΚ., which is translated as "Attalus, the Sophist, to his native cities Smyrna and Laodicea." The latter is conjectured to have been the place of his birth, the former to have adopted him as a citizen.
| 2.328125
| 0
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78689386
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny%20Wood
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Johnny Wood
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Johnny Wood (or Johnny's Wood) is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) within the Lake District National Park in Cumbria, England. It is located 300m west of the village of Borrowdale, in the valley of the River Derwent (Borrowdale). This woodland has an exceptional diversity of liverwort species.
Johnny Wood is referred to in the designation of the Lake District as an Important Plant Area. Johnny Wood is also within Borrowdale Rainforest National Nature Reserve.
Biology
Johnny Wood is dominated by sessile oak that favours acidic soils. There are numerous boulders that are important habitat for mosses and liverworts. Moss species include Sematophyllum micans that grows on rock slabs. Fern species include Gymnocarpium dryopteris, Phegopteris connectilis and Hymenophyllum wilsonii. Lichen species include Parmelia laevigata and Parmelia taylorensis.
Geology
Johnny Wood is mostly situated on acidic rocks of the Borrowdale Volcanic Series. This rock contains a few calcareous bands.
Land ownership
All of the land within Johnny Wood SSSI is owned by the National Trust.
| 2.171875
| 0
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78690078
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian%20Mushana%20Kwesiga
|
Brian Mushana Kwesiga
|
Brian Mushana Kwesiga (born 1987) is a Ugandan-born engineer, author, and civic leader. He is the former President and CEO of the Ugandan North American Association (UNAA) and previously served as the General Manager of the Uganda men's national lacrosse team.
Early life and education
Kwesiga was born in 1987 at Nyakibale Hospital in Rujumbura County, Rukungiri District, Southwestern Uganda. He completed his O-level education at Kibuli Secondary School in Kampala before moving to the United States at the age of 15. He lost both parents at a young age.
Kwesiga attended Rukungiri Kindergarten and Primary School, Boma Primary School in Mbarara, and St. Peters Primary School in Nsambya, Kampala, where he completed his Primary Leaving Examination (PLE) in 1998.
After relocating to the United States, he earned an Associate of Science in Mathematics from the Brookhaven campus of what is now Dallas College in May 2005, where he was later honored with the Distinguished Alumni Award in 2020.
Kwesiga transferred to Southern Methodist University (SMU), earning both a B.S. degree in electrical engineering from SMU's Lyle School of Engineering and a B.A. degree in international studies from SMU's Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences in May 2009. He later earned a M.S. in systems engineering from SMU's Lyle School of Engineering in December 2018.
In 2007, while at SMU, he participated in a study abroad program in Brazil as a student fellow, focusing on cross-cultural engineering leadership education and manufacturing for global security.
As of 2024, Kwesiga is pursuing a Master of Global Business Administration at Tufts University's Fletcher School of Law & Diplomacy. He completed an immersion program in Athens, Greece focusing on resilience and innovation in time of crisis.
| 1.914063
| 0
|
78690171
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gosforth%20Council%20Offices
|
Gosforth Council Offices
|
In the early 20th century, a single storey fire station was erected behind the council offices. The fire brigade was equipped with a horse-drawn fire engine from 1905 and with a motorised fire engine from 1912. The fire station was later augmented by a second storey, and an arched carriageway entrance was built between the council offices and the properties to the south, so as to maintain vehicle access for fire engines to their garaging behind. A memorial, in the form of a brass plaque intended to commemorate the lives of former employees of the council who had died in the First World War, was unveiled by the chairman of the council, Councillor Thomas Nixon Arkle, in October 1921.
The building continued to serve as the offices of Gosforth Urban District Council for much of the 20th century, but ceased to be the local seat of government when the enlarged Newcastle City Council was formed in 1974. It continued to serve as the local offices of the housing department of the city council until 2015, when, with the fire station, it was deemed surpus to requirements and was sold for commercial use.
| 2.125
| 0
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78690526
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas%20Paulius%20Lenktaitis
|
Jonas Paulius Lenktaitis
|
Jonas Paulius Lenktaitis ( – 4 February 2003) was a Lithuanian jurist, businessman, and director of the Lithuanian National Philharmonic Society. Lenktaitis's publishing house Patria published multiple authors such as Adolfas Šapoka, Antanas Škėma, Alfonsas Nyka-Niliūnas, Kazys Bradūnas, Vaclovas Biržiška, Jonas Mekas, and others.
Biography
Early life and career
Jonas Paulius Lenktaitis was born on in the village of , then part of the Russian Empire. Lenktaitis's first writings for the press were written in 1928. Lenktaitis studied economy and law at the University of Lithuania, taking a keen interest in international customs. As a student, Lenktaitis actively participated in the activities of the student corporation. In 1934, along with conductor , Lenktaitis established the Vincas Kudirka Symphony Orchestra. In 1935 or 1936, he became a member of the Lithuanian Union of Journalists and wrote actively for the press. From 1939 to 1940 Lenktaitis published Kultuvas (a weekly satire newspaper) and Muzikos barai (a magazine) in Vilnius. In 1939 Lenktaitis, together with architect Vytautas Landsbergis-Žemkalnis and conductor Balys Dvarionas, established the Vilnius City Symphony Orchestra. That same year he established the Patria publishing house.
| 1.953125
| 0
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