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68472906
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Lord%20of%20the%20Rings%3A%20The%20Rings%20of%20Power%20season%201
|
The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power season 1
|
The Dwarves were created by Aulë, the smith of the Valar, from fire and stone. This inspired a fire-based color palette and use of open flames for light. Avery researched ancient mines and stone carvings, and Bayona took inspiration from the films of Russian directors Sergei Eisenstein and Andrei Tarkovsky. In The Lord of the Rings, the Dwarf Gimli speaks of his people's respect for stone. Avery reflected this in architecture that works around natural rock formations, contrasting with the geometric architecture seen in the films which Avery attributed to Dwarvish greed and corruption in the Third Age. Words from "The Song of Durin", which Gimli sings in the book, were carved into walls using Tolkien's Cirth runes. The angular runes also inspired the use of triangles and diamonds in Dwarvish designs. Costumes had hooks to support the characters' large beards, and featured precious stones and gold dust from their mines. Female Dwarves also have facial hair, but it is more subtle because the producers wanted them to look feminine.
| 2.484375
| 0
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68473088
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline%20of%20the%20COVID-19%20pandemic%20in%20Australia%20%28January%E2%80%93June%202021%29
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Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (January–June 2021)
|
On 28 February 2021, 300,000 doses of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine arrived at Sydney airport. The same day in Queensland the "Check in Qld" QR code sign-in/contact tracing app was launched by the Minister for Health and Ambulance Services, Yvette D'Ath. Use of the app is not mandatory.
March 2021
On 2 March, the general closure of Australia's international borders to travel was extended to 17 June 2021. Australia's borders have now been closed for 12 months. Despite the border closure, between 25 March and 31 December 2020 over 105,000 exemptions were approved for people to leave Australia.
On 4 March a health worker in Queensland experienced a serious anaphylactic reaction after receiving the Pfizer vaccine and was admitted into intensive care. The person had a history of anaphylaxis. They made a full recovery on the same day and were discharged from hospital.
On 5 March 250,000 doses of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine from Italy headed to Australia, were not permitted to be exported by Italy and the European Union. The same day, the first Australian to receive that vaccine was at Murray Bridge, South Australia. The recipient was a doctor in regional South Australia.
On 10 March 2021 the Federal Government announced steps worth A$1.2 billion to encourage Australians to holiday within Australia to assist ailing tourist destinations. Between April and July, up to 800,000 airfares to 13 regions normally favoured by international tourists will be halved for domestic travellers.
On 12 March Princess Alexandra Hospital in Brisbane went into lockdown after a doctor tested positive for COVID-19. Queensland had gone 59 days without any locally acquired COVID-19 infections.
| 2.109375
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68473088
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline%20of%20the%20COVID-19%20pandemic%20in%20Australia%20%28January%E2%80%93June%202021%29
|
Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (January–June 2021)
|
On 2 April a 44-year-old Victorian man was admitted to Melbourne's Box Hill Hospital when he developed serious thrombosis and a low platelet count after receiving the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine on 22 March. He developed blood clots in his spleen, liver and gut. The Therapeutic Goods Administration warned anyone who experienced persistent headaches or other worrying symptoms 4 to 20 days after receiving the vaccine to seek medical advice. Another case of clotting linked to this vaccine was reported on 13 April.
On 5 April, Malcolm Kela Smith, a British born Papua New Guinean, businessman, aviator and politician died aged 77-years from complications of COVID-19 while under treatment in the intensive care unit at Redcliffe Hospital in Queensland, Australia.
On 8 April 2021 the Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (ATAGI) and the TGA met to review concerns over the AstraZeneca vaccine. Australia's Chief Medical Officer, Paul Kelly, reassured about the safety of the vaccine, but it was being reviewed. ATAGI advised the Federal Government to use the AstraZeneca vaccine only for those over 50-years-of-age as they confirmed the rare side-effect of blood clotting could occur in younger people.
On 12 April an 80-year-old Australian man, who had been living in the Philippines but returned to Australia, died from COVID-19 in Queensland. It was the seventh death of a person who had been diagnosed with the virus in the state, and first COVID-19 death recorded in the state since an 83-year-old cruise ship passenger died in April 2020 in a Sydney hospital.
On 13 April a second case of blood clotting, in a Western Australian women in her 40s, was linked to the Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine.
On 15 April, a diabetic 48-year-old New South Wales woman died in John Hunter Hospital after developing thrombosis with thrombocytopenia 4 days after being vaccinated with the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine. The TGA said it was "likely" her death was linked to the vaccination.
| 1.953125
| 0
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68474146
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woman%27s%20Head%20%28Picasso%29
|
Woman's Head (Picasso)
|
The works were not exhibited again until they appeared at the National Gallery in Athens in 1980. After a long exhibition Woman's Head returned to storage until summer 2007 when it was exhibited as part of a celebration of the centenary of the Institut Français. The work was last shown as part of the exhibition In the Sanctuary of the National Gallery, being on display from October 2011 until 2012 when the museum closed for extensive renovation and extension. In 2021 the work was valued at 16.5 million euros.
2012 theft
Woman's Head was one of two paintings stolen during a 9 January 2012 theft from the closed National Gallery, that was referred to as the "theft of the century". Police allege that a thief entered the gallery via an unlocked balcony door whilst an accomplice kept watch outside (the man later arrested for the theft claimed to have worked alone). Police stated that the thief triggered a number of security alarms as a means of distracting the guard before taking Woman's Head and Piet Mondrian’s Stammer Mill With Summer House. A third painting, another Mondrian, was dropped by the thief during his escape. The thief took the paintings to a basement where he removed them from their frames with a pocket knife. A 16th-century sketch by Guglielmo Caccia was also lost during the raid, the arrested man claiming to have used it to wipe blood from his cut hand during the raid and then flushing it down a toilet. Police claimed that the thief had watched the Gallery carefully for six months prior to the theft. Woman's Head was the most significant of those stolen for its value and historical significance.
| 2.125
| 0
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68474287
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese%20elephants%20expedition
|
Chinese elephants expedition
|
In March 2020, a group of 14 Asian elephants left their habitat in Pu'er City in the southeastern province of Yunnan, China. The elephants were reported as far south as Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture. After 17 months, they returned to their original sanctuary after a journey of 1300 km in early August 2021. These elephants were the center of attention of the Chinese people and worldwide.
Safety measures
Chinese authorities also set up an emergency committee to ensure the elephants return home safely. For the safe return, the committee has built temporary roads for the elephants, electric fences have been installed, and traps have been set up at various places to keep them on track. They also deployed more than 25,000 police officers to provide food for the 14 elephants and to ensure the safety of residents in their paths, and more than 1,500 vehicles were also earmarked. A force of 360 people in 76 vehicles and nine drones monitored the elephants.
David Attenborough covered the herd migration in Netflix's 2023 documentary Our Planet II, providing visual documentation and education of the migration and the effort to keep them safe.
| 2.921875
| 0
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68474530
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigantometra
|
Gigantometra
|
Gigantometra is a monotypic genus of water-strider bugs, containing the species Gigantometra gigas: its name indicating that it is the largest species in its family Gerridae. It has been found in pools of fast-flowing, subtropical and tropical forest streams, on Hainan Island and highland northern Vietnam.
Description
Gigantometra gigas is the largest species of water-striders, with legs having a span of about 300 mm in order to spread its relatively large body weight on the water surface. Sexual dimorphism is common throughout the Gerridae and sexual selection of males for large body size has been demonstrated in several species, including this one: where males are larger than females in all measured traits. This dimorphism was prominent in the leg parts, which are 10–50% longer in males than in females; males are generally more variable in size than females, especially with leg segments. It was proposed that sexual selection acts on the length of middle legs in males and explains both the increase and variance in middle leg length, with hind leg length similarly correlated.
| 2.671875
| 0
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68474963
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle%20Rock%2C%20Utah
|
Castle Rock, Utah
|
Castle Rock, also known as "Frenchies" is a ghost town in Summit County, Utah, United States. The location is currently the site of an automotive junk yard. Some buildings, such as the town's gas station, still stand.
History
The area was first used as a campsite in 1847 by Brigham Young and his followers emigrating during the Mormon Trail from Nauvoo, Illinois.
Castle Rock was founded in 1860 when Head of Echo Canyon, also known as "Frenchies", a Pony Express station was built in what is now Summit County. The town of Castle Rock grew around the station as families settled there, hoping to trade with travelers and in 1872, a school was built and functioned until 1937. The original log structure of the station closed in 1867 and was purchased by a French trapper, who moved it a mile away from its current site. Nothing remains of the original Head of Echo Canyon station. In 1872, it became a stop for the Union Pacific Railroad, and was temporarily inhabited by the David Rees and David Moore families. The site of Castle Rock is now home to an automobile junk yard and is private property.
| 2.265625
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68475141
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan%20Broekhuis
|
Jan Broekhuis
|
Johannes Franciscus (Jan) Broekhuis (Amsterdam, 25 February 1901 – Lucerne, 18 March 1974) was a Dutch composer, better known by his artistic name John Brookhouse McCarthy.
Biography
He studied at the Amsterdam Conservatory. His teachers included Julius Röntgen and Bernard Zweers. He previously had lessons from Evert Cornelis and Egbert Veen. In three years he obtained all diplomas and for piano the prize of excellence. After his studies he became a teacher at the conservatory in Limoges in France, also gave concerts there and then became conductor at the Théatre Français in Bordeaux. From 1931 he was an operetta conductor in Paris, Lyon and Amsterdam, among other places.
This was followed by his time for the Dutch broadcasting service, where he was employed as a conductor, composer and arranger and was very successful. Around that time (1933-'34) he wrote three compositions for the first Dutch show film De Jantjes, from which Omdat ik zoveel van je hou and Draaien are still played today. He was also the musical director and arranger for this film, the second Dutch sound film at all.
He also wrote countless songs for revue and cabaret, including all hits for the well-known Peter Pech revues, a creation by Jan Hahn and many for Heintje Davids, as well as for Willy Walden and Piet Muijselaar of the duo Snip and Snap, including the well-known song Snip snapt niet wat Snap snapt.
He also composed serious music, including a violin sonata dedicated to Jacques Thibaud and played by him, three nocturnes and a burlesque for cello and piano. Some of these works were performed for radio in the 1960s, including by his own trio with Willy and Jean Busch. At the time, the Promenade Orchestra, conducted by Benedict Silberman, performed the Ballade composed by him for piano and orchestra.
| 2.140625
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68475228
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9gie%20pour%20cor%20et%20piano
|
Élégie pour cor et piano
|
Élégie pour cor et piano – Elegy for horn and piano – FP 168 is a short, one-movement work by the French composer Francis Poulenc, written in memory of the horn player Dennis Brain, who died in 1957. It was first performed in January 1958.
Background and premiere
Poulenc had a profound admiration for the British horn player Dennis Brain. When the latter died in a car crash in 1957, aged 36, Poulenc composed the Élégie as a tribute. Unsure of the capabilities of the solo instrument, he sought the advice of the horn player Georges Barboteu before completing the piece.
The Élégie was premiered by the BBC in a broadcast on 17 February 1958, played by Brain's former Philharmonia colleague Neill Sanders, with the composer at the piano.
Structure
The work typically takes between nine and ten minutes in performance. It is unique in Poulenc's oeuvre in opening with a 12-note tone row. Although Poulenc had met the leading proponent of 12-tone music, Arnold Schoenberg, and admired his music, in his own compositions he remained a tonal composer throughout his career, and this use of a serial theme is entirely untypical.
The tone row is followed by a short and strongly accented molto agitato passage in which both horn and piano play triads of C major and C minor. The tone row returns and is again displaced by the molto agitato. After a bridge passage marked "tres calme", the main theme of the Élégie, in a basic G minor, is a slow melody for horn accompanied by quavers in the piano's middle register and a cantabile line in the bass. The musicologist Wilfrid Mellers finds both the horn melody and the piano accompaniment related to passages from Poulenc's Stabat Mater (1950) and his opera Dialogues des Carmelites (1956).
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68475376
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann%20Eichhorn%20%28serial%20killer%29
|
Johann Eichhorn (serial killer)
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Arrest, trial and execution
On January 29, 1939, passers-by observed Eichhorn attempting to molest a 12-year-old girl and detained him on the spot. During his pre-trial detention, he confessed to the five individual murders over the course of several months of interrogations, in which he described himself as a "wild animal". He was then examined by various doctors and psychologists, who concluded that he was of average intelligence, but was "an ethically and morally profound, unfounded, weak-willed, unusually sexually instinctive psychopath (...) who plans his crimes in advance and carries them out in such a manner." When asked why only five of his numerous rape victims were killed, Eichhorn replied that he shot them instinctively only if they resisted fiercely, as he had no idea what else to do in that situation, and they could be "fully his" once they were dead.
At his trial, the Sondergericht sentenced him to death for the five murders and 90 rapes, despite Eichhorn denying the murders and admitting only 37 of the rapes. His wife divorced him, changed her family name and moved away as a result. At the end of November 1939, Eichhorn wrote a farewell letter to his former wife and two children from prison, apologizing for his actions and accepting his fate. On December 1, 1939, he was guillotined at the Stadelheim Prison.
Aftermath
While Eichhorn's crimes were suppressed by the contemporary press, his case regained infamy in the 21st century after a re-examination of police files. This has prompted several authors to write books about or based on Eichhorn, including Andrea Maria Schenkel, who based her 2007 book Kalteis (later adapted into a play) on the case. In 2015, Johann Eichhorn was included among the Nazi-era serial killers in a 2015 book by author Wolfgang Krüger.
| 2.09375
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68475668
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashkar-Gilson%20Manuscript
|
Ashkar-Gilson Manuscript
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The Ashkar-Gilson Manuscript is a fragment of a Torah scroll, dated to the 7th century CE, containing a portion of Shemot (Book of Exodus). The section is a crucial text that displays the unique layout of Shirat HaYam (The Song of the Sea).
The official name of the fragment is MS Durham, Duke University, Ashkar-Gilson #2.
Ashkar-Gilson #2 was bought in Beirut, Lebanon in 1972 by Fuad Ashkar and Albert Gilson, although it is believed that it may have come from the Cairo Genizah. Ashkar and Gilson donated the manuscript to Duke University. In 2007, the university lent the piece to the Israel Museum in Jerusalem, where it was displayed in the Shrine of the Book. During its exhibition at the museum, the manuscript attracted the attention of two Israeli scholars, Mordechay Mishor and Edna Engel. Close examination of the manuscript revealed that the fragment was the continuation of the previously uncovered London Manuscript, containing the passages of Exodus 9:18–13:2. Additional fragments of the same scroll were identified by Mordechai Veintrob. They were discussed by Paul Sanders, who argues that the relationship between the scroll and the Aleppo Codex is remarkably strong.
| 2.25
| 0
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68475761
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stromer%20von%20Reichenbach
|
Stromer von Reichenbach
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The Stromer von Reichenbach are one of the oldest patrician families of the Imperial City of Nuremberg, first mentioned in a document in 1254. The Stromers were represented in the Inner Council from the beginning of the tradition in 1318, with longer interruptions in the 16th and 17th centuries, until the end of the Imperial City period in 1806, and according to the Dance Statute they belonged to the twenty old councilable families.
Family seat since 1754 until today is the Grünsberg Castle, which originally came from the Paumgartnern and came to the Stromers through marriage via the Haller.
History
The origin of the Stromer (in the Middle Ages also Strohmeyer, Stromeir, Stromair, Stromeyr or Stromayr) is in the environment of the staufer Reichsministerialenfamilie of the --Schwabach (so first Ulman Stromer in his family chronicle). The progenitor Conrat (or Cunradus) Stromeier, who appeared as a witness in legal transactions in Nuremberg around 1240 (certainly as late as 1254), called himself Stromeier von Schwabach. By their admission to the Inner Council, already since the beginning of records in 1318, the family belonged early to the ruling Nuremberg Patriciate. Mostly the family was represented twice in the Inner Council.
Relationships to the and the Stromer von Auerbach. (appearing in Auerbach in der Oberpfalz in the 15th century) have not been satisfactorily clarified.
| 2.25
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68475761
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stromer%20von%20Reichenbach
|
Stromer von Reichenbach
|
With the Gruber-Podmer-Stromerschen Handelsgesellschaft, the Stromers played a central role in the Nuremberg trade of the 14th and 15th centuries, one of the largest and most important economic enterprises of the time. They traded the typical assortment of goods of the late Middle Ages (spices, textiles, metals, metal goods). The trade network extended across Europe, from Barcelona to Riga and Azov, from Naples to Copenhagen and London. In addition to long-distance trade, there was iron ore mining in the Upper Palatinate, copper mining in Bohemia (Kuttenberg) and in Upper Hungarian Slovakia (Neusohl), financial transactions and factories for the production of paper and metal products. Through this, the Stromers also had influence on the production of cutting, stabbing and firearms. Affiliated were Hammer mill and Mining, for whose sustainable wood supply Peter Stromer undertook planned afforestation in the Lorenzer Reichswald as early as 1368. Co-shareholders or trading partners were the Groß, Mendel and Pfinzing. This circle expanded around 1400 to include the merchant families Pirckheimer, Imhoff, Aislinger and Gruber, who had come to Nuremberg from the Lauingen area.
In the 14th/15th century, a particularly prestigious line of the family called itself "zur goldenen Rose" (on the site of the later Welserhof) after its ancestral home. From the late 16th century, when many patrician families extended their family names to include place names, following the example of the nobility, the Stromers called themselves von Reichenbach after their traditional place of origin. In 1697 the addition became a title of nobility, when the Nuremberg patricians were allowed the title Edler.
| 2.578125
| 0
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68475887
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish%20Transport%20Administration%20electric%20road%20program
|
Swedish Transport Administration electric road program
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Elways-Evias
Ground-level conductive rails were tested from 2017 to 2019, using technology by the company Elways. A 2-kilometre stretch of the 893 road between Arlanda airport cargo terminal and the Rosersberg logistics area was fitted with embedded conductor rails as part of the eRoadArlanda project. Short sections of the rails are energized as a compatible vehicle approaches and they are disconnected once the vehicle has passed. The system measures the energy consumed, so that the vehicle owner can be billed. Buses and trucks were tested on the road, and the system is suited for electric cars, and is safe to touch even when the road is flooded with salt water. The system as tested is capable of delivering 200 kW of power and has an estimated maintenance period of 20 years. Evias, which commercializes the technology by Elways, reports that in a pilot with Budpartner initiated in 2021 the infrastructure successfully delivered 960 kW of power, and hopes to deliver megawatts of power for logistics loading docks and electric aircraft in the future.
Electreon
Trafikverket assessed a wireless electric road system (WERS) with inductive coils using technology by Electreon, an Israeli startup. Testing was scheduled to begin in 2020. The system is made of short sections containing copper coils that energize when a vehicle is driving over them and switch off when it's passed, and it supports power metering and a billing for the energy consumed. The system is estimated to have a maintenance period of 5 years for roadside equipment and about 10 years for in-road equipment.
| 2.234375
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78701376
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinook%20Indian%20Nation
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Chinook Indian Nation
|
The Chinook Indian Nation is governed by a chair and a nine-member council. Most members live near its traditional lands. The tribe works on efforts for canoe revitalization and language revitalization of Chinuk Wawa. The tribe's events include the Winter Gathering and the First Salmon Festival.
History
Background
The Chinookan peoples historically lived along the Lower Columbia River, from the river's mouth on the Pacific Ocean to the location of modern The Dalles, Oregon. The Lower Chinookans, including the Lower Chinook, Clatsop, and Willapa, lived near the mouth of the river; the Upper Chinookans, including the Kathlamet, lived upstream; and Middle Chinookans lived in a central region containing Willamette Valley. The westernmost Chinookan tribes, the Cathlamet, Clatsop, Lower Chinook, Wahkiakum, and Willapa tribes, are the ancestors of the Chinook Indian Nation.
The Chinookans ran a large trading network centered on the Columbia River. The largest unit of government was villages. The village of Cathlapotle, near modern Ridgefield, Washington, was established circa 1450. It became a trading hub one of the largest settlements on the river. The Chinookans first traded with Europeans by May 1792, when American merchant Robert Gray documented a visit to the region. In October of the same year, the Cathlapotle Chinookans met and traded with explorer William Broughton, who worked for George Vancouver. The Lewis and Clark expedition entered Chinookan land in November 1804 and visited Cathlapotle for two hours on March 29, 1806. They said it had about 900 inhabitants. The expedition was followed by a wave of white settlers, including Fort Astoria and Fort Vancouver, and British and American claims to the region.
| 3.03125
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78701376
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinook%20Indian%20Nation
|
Chinook Indian Nation
|
Federal recognition process and reversal (1978–2002)
After the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) introduced the Federal Acknowledgment Process (FAP) in 1978, the Chinook Indian Nation began work on filing for recognition. It began its petition in 1981. The tribe's federal recognition effort occurred at the same time as that of the Cowlitz Indian Tribe, which supported its effort. Both tribes consulted historian Stephen Dow Beckham and attorney Dennis Whittlesey. The Quinault Reservation opposed the Chinook effort. It had a rivalry with the Chinook Nation as Chinook people owned a majority of land on the reservation.
The Chinook's petition passed and was signed on January 3, 2001, one of the final days of the presidency of Bill Clinton, by the Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Indian Affairs, Kevin Gover. The decision excluded "those members of the petitioning group whose Indian descent is exclusively from the historical Clatsop Tribe" on the grounds that the Clatsop had lost official status under the Western Oregon Indian Termination Act and that they had joined the nation later than the other subgroups.
A memo within the BIA raised doubts about the validity of the case on the same day as the decision. Eighty-nine days later, the Quinault filed a claim to the Interior Board of Indian Appeals that the Chinook did not meet the requirements of the FAP. The board decided on August 1 that this claim did not meet the burden of proof and affirmed the original decision. However, it said that part of the case was outside of its jurisdiction. Neal A. McCaleb, Gover's successor under George W. Bush, received the case. On July 5, 2002, he revoked the recognition on the grounds that the tribe failed three of the seven FAP criteria:
| 2.15625
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78701376
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinook%20Indian%20Nation
|
Chinook Indian Nation
|
The decision said that the tribe lacked documentation between the 1850s and 1920s. Tribal chair Gary Johnson argued that the decision was arbitrary and that the tribe had almost 19,000 pages of documentation, equal to most recognized tribes. He said, "The government worked against Chinook all of these years and how can you expect us to have this perfect—and I guess I would use the term 'white man's government'—with paper trails over all this period of time. It ends up that people that are three thousand miles away are making decisions about us without even spending much time with us."
Attempts at re-recognition (2002–present)
The site of Cathlapotle fell within Ridgefield National Wildlife Refuge, run by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). A team of Portland State University (PSU) archaeologists led by Kenneth Ames confirmed its location in the 1990s. The team contacted tribes with connections to the land, as required by the National Historic Preservation Act. The Chinook was the only one of the four tribes they contacted that wanted an active role in the project; the Cowlitz and Yakama were uninterested and Grand Ronde deferred to the Chinook. After the Cowlitz gained federal recognition in 2003, they contacted USFWS to dispute the Chinook claim to Cathlapotle. They argued that the Cowlitz had lived in the area more recently, and that identity of the Cathlapotle Chinookans was uncertain. The recently formed Clatsop-Nehalem Confederated Tribes, which had split from the Chinook Nation, made another claim. USFWS held that the Chinook Nation was the main representative of Cathlapotle. It agreed to include the Cowlitz in discussions about the area and to avoid referring to the people of Cathlapotle as Chinook.
| 2.71875
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78701442
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder%20Victory-class%20cargo%20ship
|
Boulder Victory-class cargo ship
|
The Boulder Victory-class cargo ship was a cargo ship design shipping use during World War II by the United States Navy. The Boulder Victory-class design is the same as the Victory ships built for the World War II United States Merchant Navy. A total of 20 Boulder Victory-class cargo ships were built in 1944 and 1945. Some of the ships were launched as Victory ships and then acquired by the United States Navy for the war effort. Some of the vessels were acquired by the United States Army and used in the U.S. Army Transportation Service. A few of the Boulder Victory-class cargo ships also served in the Korean War. Only one ship survived being scrapped, , now a museum ship at Richmond, California. Some the Boulder Victory-class cargo ships also served in the Military Sea Transportation Service of the United States Navy after World War II. Arriving late in the war, most of the Boulder Victory-class cargo ships operarted in the Pacific theatre, delivering needed supplies to the US Navy, US Army and United States Marine Corps. The ships were built under the Emergency Shipbuilding program for the War Shipping Administration. The ships were given the prefix of "AK" for auxiliary ship cargo. The lead ship in the class the, was commissioned on 12 October 1944. Boulder Victory operated first as an ammunition ship, then a general supply ship. After the war Boulder Victory served as a seagoing cowboys ship helping with War Relief to war torn Europe.
| 2.3125
| 0
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78701683
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim%20Taek-jin
|
Kim Taek-jin
|
Kim Taek-jin (; born March 14, 1967) is a South Korean businessman and software engineer. He is co-chairman of video game developer NCSoft, the second largest video game company in the country.
He is among the richest people in South Korea. In December 2024, Forbes estimated his net worth to be US$1 billion and ranked him 32nd richest in the country.
Biography
He was born on March 14, 1967 in Seoul, South Korea. He is the eldest of two sons and one daughter born to father Kim I-min () and Jang Sun-rye ().
He graduated from Daeil High School in 1985. He studied electrical engineering at Seoul National University, where he received a bachelor's degree (1989) and master's degree (1991). He pursued a doctoral degree there as well, but dropped out of the program in 1997.
In 1989, he jointly developed the Hangul word processor. He was a founder of software company Hanmesoft in 1989. From 1991 to 1992, to fulfill his mandatory military service, he worked in a Hyundai Electronics R&D center in Boston, United States. From 1995 to 1996, he was a lead developer for Hyundai Electronics. After returning to South Korea, he founded one of the earliest South Korean web portals Aminet ().
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78701808
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stenocereus%20beneckei
|
Stenocereus beneckei
|
Stenocereus beneckei is a species of cactus in the genus Stenocereus, endemic to Mexico.
Description
Stenocereus beneckei is a shrub-like cactus with upright or slightly curved shoots, growing 1–2 meters tall. The light to gray-green shoots often appear whitish, with a diameter of 5–7 cm. They feature 6–9 widely spaced ribs divided into large, blunt cusps. The plant has a single stiff, blackish central spine up to 4 cm long, and 2–5 grayish marginal spines up to 1.7 cm long.
Flowers bloom near the shoot tips, opening at night and remaining open into the next day. They are brownish on the outside, white on the inside, and measure 6.5–8 cm long. The ellipsoid fruits are tuberous, initially green, turning red as they mature, and measure up to 5 cm long and 3 cm in diameter, with colorless flesh.
Distribution
This species is native to deciduous forests in the Mexican states of Guerrero, Morelos, Puebla, and México, growing on rocky cliffs at altitudes of 1200 to 1400 meters.
Taxonomy
First described as Cereus beneckei in 1844 by Carl August Ehrenberg, the species was later reclassified as Stenocereus beneckei by Franz Buxbaum in 1961. The specific epithet honors Stephan Benecke, a Berlin-born trader and German consul in Mexico who founded the Camara Nacional de Comercio in 1875.
| 2.328125
| 0
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78701812
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lushai%20Expedition%20%281869%29
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Lushai Expedition (1869)
|
The Lushai Expedition of 1869 was an abortive punitive expedition against Sukpilal and Kanai Singh. It was arranged by the deputy commissioner of Cachar, John Edgar and led by Colonel Nuthall. Factors such as weather, unpreparedness and diplomatic overtures led to the retreat and failure of the expedition.
Background
Kanai Singh, a prince of Manipur had taken refuge among the tribes of the Cachar border and made an attempt to seize the throne of Manipur. Local authorities had suspected that Sukpilal had been aiding Kanai Singh in this endeavour. In 1869 a series of raids were committed by Lushai tribes on Cachar and Sylhet. Sukpilal was assumed by the British to be complicit in the raids. This was suspected due to Sukpilal wishing to divert forces from Manipur to aid Kanai Singh.
An increase in raids had also alerted British authorities. In November 1868, reports of Lushai attacks on Naga villages were made. In December, the magistrate of Sylhet reported that Lushais raided a village near Adampore. Sukpilal also raided a settlement under a chief named Rungbhoom in Hill Tipperah. As a result, Rungbhoom fled to Sylhet.
British suspicions were confirmed when Kanai Singh and Sukpilal jointly raided the tea estates of Monierkhal at Cachar in January 1869. Kanai Singh looted the money while Sukpilal's war party took several captives. The raid was followed by a raid on the tea estate of Nowarbund on 10 January 1869 by Lalroom, brother-in-law of Vonpilal. Closely afterwards, Deuti, the son of Vonolel, would raid Moniekhal on 14 January. A police guard and stockade were destroyed before the tea estate was looted. The British authorities reconsidered their stance on the policy of conciliation with Lushai chiefs and decided on an alternative policy. The British also implicated Vonpilal in responsibility for the events.
| 2.09375
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78701886
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qibli%20Mosque%20%28Riyadh%29
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Al-Qibli Mosque (Riyadh)
|
Al-Qibli Mosque () is a historic mosque in the Manfuhah neighborhood of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The origins of the mosque have been traced as far back as 1689; it is one of the oldest mosques in Riyadh. The mosque was restored and rebuilt several times between 1945 and 1993, with the latest renovation having taken place in the period 2022–2024 during the second phase of Prince Mohammed bin Salman Project for the Development of Historical Mosques. Covering an area of almost 804 square meters, it can accommodate 440 worshippers and is built in traditional Najdi style.
Overview
The mosque was built around 1689, when Dawwas ibn Abdullah, the father of Dahham ibn Dawwas, ruled the town of Manfuhah and was built in traditional Najdi architectural style, located in close proximity to the town's former ruling palace.
In 1945, the mosque was restored by King Abdulaziz ibn Saud, where the interior praying area was expanded from north to south by 120 square meters. The mosque has 33 colonnade. The mosque underwent minor restorations since then. In 1993, major renovation works were carried out by strengthening the foundations of the mosque. In 2022, the mosque was listed for restoration during the second phase of the Prince Mohammed bin Salman Project for the Development of Historical Mosques. The mosque covers an area of almost 804 square meters. It includes a rectangular minaret, whose height reaches 6 meters.
Prominent imams of the mosque have included Sheikh Saad bin Anbar, Sheikh Muhammad bin Hameed, Sheikh Abdulaziz al-Shuaibi, Sheikh Omar bin Khalifa, and Sheikh Omar bin Mahmoud, who died in 1966, in addition to Sheikh Abdulrahman bin Abdullah bin Mahmoud.
| 2.09375
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78702201
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawhar%20Aftabchi
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Jawhar Aftabchi
|
Jawhar Aftabchi () was a aftabah-bearer and servant of the Mughal Emperor Humayun. He also held several official positions during Humayun's reign. He is most well-known for his work Tazkirat-ul-Waqiat.
Biography
Very little is known about the life of Jawhar, and his personal details are scant, mostly appearing in references within the Tazkirat-ul-Waqiat. Apart from this, there are no significant accounts of his life. He was a loyal servant of Nasiruddin Muhammad Humayun and stayed with him during both the periods of his glory and decline. Johar was a trusted confidant and advisor to Humayun, with his counsel being highly valued. As a result, he was given the honorary title of "Mehtar" (chief). Jawhar's journey began as an employee in the royal stable, and he later served Humayun for an extended period in the role of Aftabah (ewer-bearer). In recognition of his service, he was appointed in 962 AH (1554 or 1555 CE) as the revenue officer of the Heibatpur pargana. Later, he was entrusted with the management of villages in the jagīr (land grant) of Tatar Khan Lodhi. During this time, he paid off all the debts borrowed from local Afghans by the government treasury, freeing Afghan women and children who had been pledged as hypothec. Humayun greatly appreciated this ethical and humanitarian action and promoted Jawhar, appointing him as the treasurer for the provinces of Punjab and Multan.
There is no confirmed record of Jawhar Aftabchi's date of death, but it is known that he was alive during the reign of Emperor Akbar (Humayun's son). At Akbar's request, he compiled the Tazkirat-ul-Waqiat in 995 AH (1586 CE). After the death of Humayun, Johar faded into obscurity.
| 1.953125
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78702268
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putty%20kidney
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Putty kidney
|
Putty kidney is a radiological term describing a calcified kidney typically seen in the end stages of chronic renal tuberculosis. The term "putty kidney" derives from the radiographic appearance of extensive amorphous calcification within the kidney, resembling the consistency of putty. This finding is a hallmark of advanced genitourinary tuberculosis, which is one of the types of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The term 'putty kidney' was first used in 1906 by Dr. F Tilden Brown, a genitourinary surgeon.
Pathophysiology
Putty kidney represents the late-stage sequelae of renal tuberculosis, which results from hematogenous dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to the kidneys. Chronic inflammation and granuloma formation lead to:
Parenchymal destruction: The renal tissue undergoes caseous necrosis, fibrosis, and calcification.
Fibrosis and shrinkage: Progressive scarring results in a small, irregularly shaped kidney.
Calcification: Deposition of calcium salts within the necrotic tissue leads to the characteristic dense appearance of the kidney on imaging.
The advanced calcified state of a putty kidney is associated with a loss of renal function and often coexists with damage to the ureters and bladder.
Imaging characteristics
Plain radiography
Dense, amorphous calcifications occupying the renal region.
Computed Tomography
Calcifications: Extensive, coarse calcifications replacing the normal renal parenchyma.
Shrunken Kidney: Significant reduction in kidney size with irregular contours.
Surrounding Structures: May show associated calcification in the ureters or bladder due to tuberculosis involvement.
Ultrasound
Hyperechoic areas corresponding to calcifications.
Loss of normal corticomedullary differentiation.
| 2.4375
| 0
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78702371
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amastra%20magna
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Amastra magna
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Amastra magna is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Amastridae.
Subspecies
Amastra magna balteata Hyatt & Pilsbry, 1911
Amastra magna magna (C. B. Adams, 1851)
Description
The shell is robust, ovate-conic, and elongate, with a distinct coloration: blackish-brown at the apex, transitioning to reddish-brown on the middle whorls, and ash-colored on the lower whorls. Its surface is adorned with irregular, coarse, and unequal transverse striae, accompanied by closely spaced, arcuate ribs near the apex. Indistinct raised spiral lines are present on the lower portion of the body whorl.
The apex is subacute, and the spire is relatively long, featuring gracefully curvilinear outlines. The shell is composed of seven slightly convex whorls with a well-defined, deeply impressed suture. The body whorl is obtusely angular.
The aperture is ovate and sharply acute at the upper end, with an extremely thickened deposit along the inner margin. A prominent, large, and compressed columellar fold adds to the distinctive morphology.
Distribution
This species is endemic to Hawaii, occurring on Lanai Island.
| 2.375
| 0
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78702761
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag%20of%20Corrientes%20Province
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Flag of Corrientes Province
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On 24 December 1821, Governor Juan José Fernández Blanco introduced the first flag symbolizing the province of Corrientes. This flag was based on the Belgrano flag, but instead of the sun it had the provincial coat of arms adopted in August. In March 1822, a similar flag, but with the coat of arms of his own province, was adopted by Blanco's ally, the governor of Entre Ríos, Lucio Norberto Mansilla. In 1823 the coat of arms was removed and instead a blue triangle was added on the hoist side. This flag remained official until the governments of the Generation of '80 restricted the autonomy of the provinces and centralized the country. Various variants have been used over the decades, including a flag with a painted coat of arms used by General José María Paz's troops in the Battle of Caaguazú in 1841, currently kept at the Provincial History Museum.
The current flag, combining the two previous flags, was adopted on 24 December 1986 by decree of the Provincial Executive. At the time of the adoption of the Corrientes flag, only 3 other Argentine provinces used flags, Santiago del Estero which had adopted the flag a year earlier and La Rioja and Santa Fe which adopted flags earlier in the same year.
| 2.671875
| 0
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78703101
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubur%20Kassim
|
Kubur Kassim
|
Kubur Kassim (Arabic: قبر قاسم) is a Muslim cemetery located in the Siglap neighbourhood in the East Region, Singapore. The cemetery is no longer in use, however it is still open for public access. It houses burials of prominent Malay Muslim figures, including Hafeezudin Sirajuddin Moonshi, a doctor who opened the first Muslim-owned clinic in Singapore.
The cemetery contains a Sufi lodge and surau for prayers, both of which are still in use. It has also received some publicity in the form of superstitions, mainly through stories and legends attributing the cemetery to have been frequented by the mythological Orang Bunian.
History
The Kubur Kassim cemetery was established in 1921 on a plot of land in the Siglap neighbourhood that was owned by a Muslim merchant named Ahna Mohamed Kassim bin Ally Mohamed. After Kassim's death in 1935, the cemetery's management was then transferred to his heirs. Burials in the cemetery stopped in the 1980s. Finally in 1987, the cemetery was targeted for redevelopment and the Singapore Land Authority held control of the cemetery. Currently, it is not open for burials although the public can readily access the cemetery.
Features
Architectural features
The gateway of the cemetery is built in the style of Indo-Saracenic architecture. It is painted green and yellow.
The graves in the cemetery are mostly square in shape, which is unusual for a regular Muslim cemetery.
Buildings
Located within the Kubur Kassim cemetery is a surau where Muslim visitors can pray in. There is also a Sufi lodge in the cemetery which contains the grave of a prominent Sufi mystic of the Chisthi order; Khwaja Habibullah Shah, an Indian Muslim scholar who died in 1971. The Sufi lodge is still in use by members of the order to do their meetings. Another mausoleum in the cemetery is the Keramat Sheikh Ali, a burial place of another Sufi mystic.
| 1.976563
| 0
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78703203
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%20Ying%20%28revolutionary%29
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Hu Ying (revolutionary)
|
Hu Ying (1884–November 1933), originally named Zu Mao, courtesy name Jingwu, later changed to Ying, courtesy name Jingwu, also known by the pseudonyms Zongwan and Xuan'an, was a democratic revolutionary, political figure, and military leader during the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China. He was born in Baishishi Village, Shangxiang, Taoyuan County, Changde Prefecture, Hunan Province, and his ancestral home was in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province. He was a contemporary of Song Jiaoren.
Biography
Early life and revolutionary activities
Hu Ying's ancestral home was in Shaoxing Prefecture, Zhejiang Province, and he was born into a small official's family in Baishishi Village, Shangxiang, Taoyuan County, Changde Prefecture, Hunan. He and Song Jiaoren were fellow townsmen. He studied in Changsha during his childhood and graduated from the Zheng School in Changsha at the age of 16. He later attended the Mingde Academy in Hunan, where he became a disciple of Huang Xing. Due to his involvement in a failed assassination attempt on Wang Xianqian, Hu Ying sought refuge in Wuchang through an introduction from Cao Yabo, carrying a letter of introduction from Huang Xing. He then decided to enlist in the 8th Army Engineering Battalion of the Hubei Army.
Hu Ying was known for his youthful charisma and eloquence. After enlisting, he met Zhang Nanxian, and the two of them began giving speeches during leisure time to inspire the soldiers.
| 2.234375
| 0
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78703358
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangatauanui
|
Rangatauanui
|
Rangatauanui is a maar lake south of Ohakune in the North Island of New Zealand. It is in the area of the southernmost volcanic activity in the Taupō Rift. Its undisturbed lake sediments have proved useful in reconstructing recent climate proxy records for New Zealand.
Geography
It is south of Ohakune in the Ngā Roto-o-Rangataua Scenic Reserve, which before 2019 was known as the Ohakune Lakes Scenic Reserve. This has an area of about the about . Historically it has been called Rangataua Crater Lake. Adjacent is another smaller maar lake, Rangatauaiti, in the area that has been called the Rangataua craters in the geological literature.
Geology
Along with Rangatauaiti it is a maar lake, believed to have been formed about 30,000 years ago. The nearest other volcanoes are to the north, being the Ohakune volcanic complex and it is unclear if the maar lakes are similar potential Ruapehu parasites, representing the southernmost vents of the Taupō Volcanic Zone which is defined as terminating at Mount Ruapehu. The structure of the southern Ruapehu magma system is unknown and evidence exists in the case of the Ohakune volcanic complex for an approximately depth for the originating magma reservoir, fair magma ascent rates and that the magma conduit may be independent of the main feeder system of Mount Ruapehu. Either way these volcanoes may be the present propagating tip of the arc system that extends from the Taupō Rift through the South Kermadec Ridge Seamounts and Kermadec Islands to beyond Tonga.
Because the lake has no major inflows or outflows sediment cores have been undisturbed, and provide a useful dated tephra record of nearby eruptions.
| 2.5
| 0
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78704062
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichenopeltella%20lobariae
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Lichenopeltella lobariae
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Lichenopeltella lobariae is a species of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungus in the family Microthyriaceae. It grows exclusively on foliose lichen species, including Lobaria pulmonaria and Nephroma arcticum.
Taxonomy
The species was first discovered during studies of fungi growing on lichens in the western Pyrenees mountains of France and Spain. It was formally described as a new species in 1996 by the mycologists Javier Etayo and Paul Diederich. The type specimen (holotype) was collected near Aspe peak in France at an elevation of 1,350 metres in a mixed beech-fir forest.
Description
Lichenopeltella lobariae produces small, round to ellipsoid fruiting bodies called catathecia that measure 75–110 micrometres (μm) in diameter and are about 45 μm tall. These structures are scattered across the surface of the host lichen and can be seen with a hand lens. The upper wall of the catathecia is dark brown with a greyish tinge when treated with potassium hydroxide solution (K+) and is composed of rectangular or square cells arranged in radiating rows.
Around the spore-releasing pore (ostiole), there are 5–8 converging bristles called that measure 13-22 μm long. These setae are dark brown, thin-walled, and smooth, becoming swollen at their base but tapering toward the tip. The spore-producing structures (asci) are broadly club-shaped, somewhat curved, and contain eight spores each. The asci measure 33–43 by 9–10 μm. The spores themselves are hyaline (colourless), ellipsoid in shape, divided into two cells (1-septate), and measure 11–15 by 3–3.5 μm. Each spore typically has three pairs of small, hair-like appendages called setulae.
Habitat and distribution
| 2.515625
| 0
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78704100
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel%20%C3%81ngel%20Quesada%20Pacheco
|
Miguel Ángel Quesada Pacheco
|
Quesada Pacheco's work on Costa Rican Spanish is rooted in dialectology and historical linguistics. He has investigated the development of Costa Rican Spanish since the colonial era. Between the years 1992-2010 he worked on the Atlas lingüístico-etnográfico de Costa Rica (ALECORI) project, the first of its kind for Costa Rican Spanish.
He later applied his experience with the ALECORI to the Atlas lingüítico-etnográfico de América Central, which aimed at systematically studying the Spanish of Central America by way of dialect surveys. This work cleared the way for the publication of various national linguistic atlases prepared by his students on the Spanish varieties of Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Panama.
As for his work with Amerindian languages, Quesada Pacheco has worked extensively on the description of Boruca, Guaymí, Cabécar, Huetar, Chibcha and Paya. His ethnolinguistic studies on the Huetar people and language earned Quesada Pacheco the Premio Nacional Aquileo J. Echeverría en 1997.
Awards and recognitions
Quesada Pacheco has received the Premio Nacional Aquileo J. Echeverría on two occasions (1997, 2009), the Premio Magón (2015) and the Norwegian Association of Researchers' Research Award (2015).
| 2.109375
| 0
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78704320
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torquato%20Tamagnini
|
Torquato Tamagnini
|
After the first commissions from the various committees that had been created to honor the fallen soldiers, in 1922 he founded the ''Corinthia'' art house in Rome, through which, in collaboration with Neapolitan and Roman foundries, he started a workshop and produced numerous monuments in many Italian regions. The catalogue of "Corinthia", as well as other competing catalogues, offered municipal administrations and civic committees a wide range of monuments, either already made elsewhere or in the form of sketches. The "variety of types of monuments devised by this kind of memorial industry" allowed a choice to be made according to financial availability. However, although the catalog was rich in proposals and variations were often introduced to the various types of monuments especially in the plinths, resemblances were inevitable. In some cases the resemblance is evident, for example: in the figures of Perugia and Scanno; in the sentinels of Sacrofano, Tocco da Casauria, Calasetta and Parenti; in the monument of Forli del Sannio and that of Casalciprano, similar in concept; in the "Sorrowful Victory" of Parrocchietta already present together with a dying soldier in Ceprano as later reproduced in Guardia Perticara, in Terranova da Sibari, in Dasà, in Colle Sannita and, probably, in Castropignano. In others an iconography common to other artists of the period is discernible, as in the case of the monument in Montepulciano, and the so-called "quadriga briosa" depicted on the 1 lira coins of the war period.
Works
| 2.5
| 0
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78704493
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquilegia%20gracillima
|
Aquilegia gracillima
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Aquilegia gracillima is a species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae native to the area near Ghazni in eastern Afghanistan. The plant is understood as related to Aquilegia moorcroftiana, which has a range spanning into Afghanistan.
A. gracillima has small flowers that are white with rose tinging; its specific name literally translates as "very slender" or "insignificant". The species was first described by the Flora Iranica in 1992 from a specimen collected by Karl Heinz Rechinger in 1962.
Description
Aquilegia gracillima is a perennial plant that favors temperate biomes. The plant has glandular-pilose stems and is particularly cespitose. The plant's flowers are nodding and are colored white with rose tinging. The sepals are either oblong or elliptic-lanceolate and extend to in length. The nectar spurs are slender, ranging between and long. The blades are long.
Taxonomy
Aquilegia gracillima was first described by Austrian botanist Karl Heinz Rechinger in 1992 within the Flora Iranica. The plant was described from a single specimen. The holotype was collected by Rechinger on July 2, 1962, in Afghanistan and is held in the herbarium of the Natural History Museum, Vienna. The type locality is near Ghazni. An isotype is held by the University of Graz's Institute of Plant Sciences.
| 2.484375
| 0
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78704538
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mairata
|
Mairata
|
Mairata is a genus of soil centipedes in the subfamily Aphilodontinae, a clade formerly known as the family Aphilodontidae but now deemed a subfamily within the family Geophilidae. This genus contains only two species: M. itatiaiensis and the type species M. butantan. Both species are found in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil.
Discovery
This genus and its two species were first described in 2019 by the biologists Victor C. Calvanese, Antonio D. Brescovit, and Lucio Bonato. The original description of M. butantan is based on eleven specimens (six females and five males), including a female holotype and four paratypes (two females and two males). These specimens were collected from two localities in the state of São Paulo in Brazil: São Roque, where the type specimens were found, and Cotia. The original description of M. itatiaiensis is based on eleven specimens (seven females and four males), including a female holotype and four paratypes (two females and two males), all collected from Itatiaia National Park, in Itatiai in the state of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. The specimens of both species were found below or near roots and rocks in the first layer of soil at humid sites. The type specimens for both species are deposited in the Instituto Butantan in São Paulo, Brazil.
Etymology
The genus Mairata is named for a mythological entity of the ancient Tupi-Guarani indigenous people of Brazil. The species M. butantan is named for the Butantan Institute in recognition of its promotion of biological research. The species M. itatiaiensis is named for its type locality.
| 2.8125
| 0
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78704538
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mairata
|
Mairata
|
Phylogeny
A phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily Aphilodontinae based on morphology places the genus Mairata in a clade with the genus Aphilodon, which emerges as the most closely related genus in a phylogenetic tree. While the genus Mairata exhibits many traits shared by others in this subfamily, such as forcipules with only three articles and sternites without ventral pores, this genus shares a more extensive set of traits with the genus Aphilodon. For example, in both Mairata and Aphilodon, the ultimate legs in both sexes each feature only six articles (with only one tarsal article) and no terminal claw. Furthermore, in both Mairata and Aphilodon, the sclerite in front of the forcipular tergite is shorter than one-third the length of the head, and the sternites of both the forcipular segment and the first leg-bearing segment are wider than long.
Centipedes in the genus Mairata can be distinguished from those in the genus Aphilodon, however, based on other traits. For example, the ultimate article of the second maxillae is reduced in size in Mairata but not in Aphilodon. These two genera can also be distinguished based on features of the ultimate legs. For example, the ultimate legs end in a small terminal spine in each sex in Aphilodon, but this spine is absent in each sex in Mairata. Furthermore, the ultimate legs of the male in Aphilodon are only moderately thickened, whereas the ultimate legs of the male in Mairata are strikingly swollen, with the third, fourth, and fifth articles wider than long, and the tarsal article globose. Moreover, the tarsal article of the ultimate legs of the female broadens towards the tip in Mairata but not in Aphilodon.
| 2.609375
| 0
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78704555
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grozny%20Synagogue
|
Grozny Synagogue
|
The Grozny Synagogue (; ) was an Ashkenazi Orthodox Jewish synagogue located in the city of Grozny in the Chechen Republic, in the North Caucasus of Russia. In 1929 the synagogue was closed and later rebuilt and used for secular purposes.
History
In the mid-19th century, a settlement of Mountain Jews, probably migrated from Dagestan, appeared in Grozny on the right bank of the Sunzha River. By 1866, 453 men and 475 women of Jewish origin lived there. In 1863, an Ashkenazi synagogue was built, and in 1865, a synagogue for Mountain Jews. In 1875, a prayer house was built in the settlement, almost on the riverbank. In 1900, a flood destroyed the prayer house. That same year, construction of a synagogue began on the same site, which was completed two years later, in 1902. It was replaced by a large domed synagogue, built of brick, located between the Persian mosque and the Mitnikov bathhouse. As of 1883, there were 2 synagogues in Grozny.
In the early 1930s, during the period of religious persecution, the Soviet government closed the synagogue. Then, the building was rebuilt, adding a second floor. In 1937, a music school was opened in this building. The dome of the building was subsequently demolished. In the 1970s - 1990s, a music college was in the synagogue. The building was destroyed during the First Chechen War.
In 1963, the synagogue in Grozny was closed.
Names of the rabbis of the Grozny synagogues:
Since 1847, the rabbi of Grozny was Moshe Tsarnees
In the 1860s, one of the rabbis was Shaul Binamini
Since 1875, the rabbi was Israel ben Asher
| 2.109375
| 0
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78705932
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Obanyi%20Sagwe
|
Joseph Obanyi Sagwe
|
Joseph Obanyi Sagwe (born 10 March 1967) is a Roman Catholic prelate in Kenya who is the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kakamega. He was appointed bishop by Pope Francis on 5 December 2014.
Early life and education
He was born in 1967 in Kebirigo Village, Nyamira County, in the Archdiocese of Kisumu. He grew up in Nyakemicha Village in Nyamira County, and was raised by staunch Catholic parents; John Sagwe Obanyi and Theresa Kwamboka, both deceased. He is the third born in a family of four siblings. He grew up in a family of modest means.
He attended Nyakemicha Primary School before transferring to Ibara Primary School, where he obtained his Primary School Leaving Certificate. He attended St. John's Minor Seminary at Rwakaro in Migori County, where he obtained his O-Level Certificate. He went on to compete his A-Level education at the Mother of Apostles Seminary at Eldoret.
He studied philosophy and religious studies at St. Augustine Major Seminary at Mabanga, in Bungoma, obtaining a Bachelor's degree from there. He graduated with another BA in theology from St. Thomas Aquinas Seminary in Nairobi. Later he obtained a Master's degree and a Doctorate, both in Canon Law, awarded by the Pontifical Lateran University in Rome, Italy.
Priesthood
He was ordained a priest of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kisii, Kenya on 25 October 1996. In 2004, upon his return to Kenya from postgraduate studies in Rome, Father Joseph Obanyi Sagwe was appointed as the Vicar General of the Catholic Diocese of Kisii. He served the entire 20 years of his priesthood in that capacity until 5 December 2014.
| 1.914063
| 0
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78706136
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junk%20of%20Pork
|
Junk of Pork
|
Junk of Pork is a small sea stack islet in Portland, Maine. It is located 4.5 miles offshore in outer Casco Bay, next to Outer Green Island, and is owned by the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife as part of the Alan E. Hutchinson (Coast of Maine) Wildlife Management Area. It is one of three Maine Islands of the same name.
Description
The oblong islet is approximately 200 feet long by 50 feet wide and 40 feet tall at its peak. Junk of Pork has only sparse, grassy vegetation, but is a roosting or nesting site for seabirds, including common eider, black guillemot, American herring gull, common tern, double-crested cormorant and osprey. Outer Green Island is 800 feet to the northwest and at very low tides the islands can connect.
History and nomenclature
Junk is an antiquated nineteenth century rhyming slang term for a hunk or chunk. The island may be named for its resemblance to a slab of meat, or for the folkloric bartered purchase of the island from the Pejepscot Wabanakiyak.
In January 1891, the coal schooner Ada Barker went aground on Junk of Pork near Outer Green Island. The crew clambered onto the rock along the collapsed foremast, with minutes to spare before the waves smashed the ship. The crew survived on the rock until the U.S. revenue cutter Levi Woodbury rescued them after hours of exposure to the storm.
| 1.953125
| 0
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78706217
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley%20Ramaila
|
Stanley Ramaila
|
Keamotseng Stanley Ramaila (born 22 March 1961) is a South African politician from Limpopo Province who has represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly since June 2024. He was formerly the mayor of Sekhukhune District Municipality between 2016 and 2022.
Early life and career
Born on 22 March 1961, Ramaila became politically active during apartheid as a high school student and member of his school's student representative council. After he dropped out of school, he continued his activism in the National Union of Mineworkers while working as a miner in Emalahleni. Later he returned to school to complete his matric, completed a teaching diploma at the Sekhukhune College of Education in Sekukhune, and became a teacher, continuing his union activism in the teaching union.
Career in local government
After the end of apartheid, Ramaila joined local government as a representative of the African National Congress (ANC). He was elected as a local councillor in the Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality when it was established in the December 2000 local elections.
On 26 August 2016, following that month's local elections, the ANC's majority caucus elected Ramaila unopposed as executive mayor of the Sekukhune District Municipality. His mayoral term coincided with political and fiscal tumult in the municipality. Near the end of his term, in February 2020, he described widespread corruption in the municipality, telling City Press, "There is a syndicate in this municipality that we must uproot. Last week I told officials that my life is under threat because I’m fighting corruption but, like a soldier, I will die with my boots on."
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78706260
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roddy%20MacLellan
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Roddy MacLellan
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MacLellan was born and grew up in Glasgow, Scotland, where he began playing bagpipes casually as a child. He later studied metalsmithing and woodworking at the Glasgow School of Art, from which he graduated in 1980, but had few job prospects at the time. This motivated MacLellan to immigrate to the United States when he was 22, where he settled in New Jersey to work in New York City for greater opportunity. He began working as a silversmith for Cartier, specializing in jewelry, and was able to help craft one of the trophies used at the Super Bowl. He also for a time worked at Tiffany & Co. and did restoration work on silver pieces for Sotheby's and Christie's. He later held his wedding in Scotland, at which he became inspired by the bagpipes played there to begin making bagpipes himself using his education and experience he gained as a craftsman. This first began as a hobby but grew in passion as MacLellan believed the bagpipes otherwise being sold in New York were mostly cheap and inauthentic.
Early career
In 1988, MacLellan left silversmithing to pursue making bagpipes full time under the name "MacLellan Bagpipes". His pieces reportedly stood out as they often came decorated with designs based on historic bagpipe patterns, a niche he credited to his education in art. Around 2000 while still in New Jersey, he began to grow in popularity after at least one of his bagpipes was used by the Niagara Regional Police Pipe Band. MacLellan then moved to Summerville, South Carolina, around 2004, where he set up a small workshop. While in South Carolina, MacLellan was one of only five or six bagpipe makers in the United States. MacLellan reportedly worked 60 hours a week to support the business, with the bagpipes he made costing anywhere between $1,500 and $6,000, depending on the materials used. Also during this time, The Regimental Band and Pipes based out of The Citadel college in Charleston, used one of MacLellan's bagpipes at the Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo, a month-long music festival in Scotland.
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78706260
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roddy%20MacLellan
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Roddy MacLellan
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The business's bagpipes are made primarily using African blackwood collected from Tanzania, which is then brought to either Germany or the United Kingdom, where it is purchased from the UK. Cocobolo wood from Central America, moose antlers, and other less traditional materials are also used in bagpipe making when approved by their respective CITES permits. The wood is then let to dry for months to a year. From there, a lathe in the workshop is used to carve out the pieces of the bagpipe including its drones and pipes. Delrin, a type of plastic, is often used for the drones for its structural benefits. Any metalwork needed is additionally made in the workshop often using silver or aluminum. When finished, the bagpipes are sold worldwide, with each costing anywhere between $2,000 and $9,000, depending on materials used. The business reportedly can produce a bagpipe in one week or longer; however, it had a waitlist of eight months in 2023. Training new employees in the craft was regarded as one of the main reasons which prevented MacLellan from wanting to retire.
For the 2024 Loch Norman Highland Games, a Scottish festival in Huntersville, North Carolina, an African blackwood chanter made by the business was used as an overall winner prize. In 2023, MacLellan Bagpipes was named a finalist for small businesses in the "Coolest Thing Made in N.C." annual online competition run by the North Carolina Chamber of Commerce.
Personal life
MacLellan was born in Glasgow in either 1955 or 1956, as he was reported to be 58 in an interview on September 18, 2014. He is married and has a family. In response to the 2014 Scottish independence referendum, MacLellan commented "The heart says 'yes' but the mind says 'no but expressed gratitude on the peacefulness and democratic process in which it was taking place.
| 2.25
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78706298
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schloss%20Sch%C3%B6nborn
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Schloss Schönborn
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The Göllersdorf estate primarily served as a summer residence for Melchior's son, the imperial vice-chancellor Friedrich Carl, who in 1715 also acquired the nearby Weyerburg estate in Lower Austria, about 10 km east of Hollabrunn, from the estate of Baron Dominikus von Hochburg.
The existing castle in Göllersdorf, in Weinviertel, was cleared after the construction of the new Schönborn Castle and later sold; today the Republic of Austria operates the Göllersdorf correctional facility on the castle grounds. From 1711 to 1718, shortly after the purchase, Friedrich Carl commissioned the architect Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt to convert the Mühlberg castle, which was located on the property, into a representative country house. Hildebrandt was supported by the architect Maximilian von Welsch, who primarily focused on the water works.
Friedrich Carl lived in Vienna, where from 1717 to 1719, he had the Secret Court Chancellery (now the Federal Chancellery of Austria) constructed as his official residence. From 1723 to 1730, he also oversaw the reconstruction of the Imperial Chancellery Wing of the Wiener Hofburg, where he primarily resided. Additionally, he privately renovated the Blauer Hof in Laxenburg and built the Schönborn Palace in the Laudongasse in Vienna in 1706. In 1740, he remodeled the Palais Schönborn-Batthyány on Vienna's Renngasse. In 1729, he was elected Prince-Bishop of Bamberg, and in 1734, Prince-Bishop of Würzburg. Only years later did he leave Vienna to move to his principalities, where he completed the Würzburg Residence and had Werneck palace built between 1733 and 1745.
Architect Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt designed a three-wing complex with an extensive garden, orangery and castle chapel. In 1715, a pavilion of the orangery was decorated with frescoes by Jonas Drentwett. Salomon Kleiner created a series of drawings documenting the layout of the estate. Between 1729 and 1733, Hildebrandt built a St. John Nepomuk Chapel on the northwest edge of the extensive palace park.
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78707091
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20octodontids
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List of octodontids
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Octodontidae is a family of small rodents restricted to southwestern South America. A member of this family is called an octodontid. Octodontids are medium-sized rodents, ranging from in body length. They have long, silky fur, which is typically brownish in color and often paler on the underside. The name 'octodont' derives from the wear pattern of their teeth, which resembles a figure 8. Most are nocturnal, social, burrowing animals, though the degu is largely diurnal. They are herbivorous, eating tubers, bulbs, and cactuses.
There are 14 extant ochotonid species contained within 7 genera: Aconaemys (Andean rock rats), Spalacopus, Octodon (typical degus), Octodontomys, Octomys, Pipanacoctomys, and Tympanoctomys. Many extinct Octodontidae species have been discovered, with identification and classification of new discoveries still ongoing.
Conventions
Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the ochotonid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted. All extinct species or subspecies listed alongside extant species went extinct after 1500 CE, and are indicated by a dagger symbol "".
Classification
The family Octodontidae consists of fourteen extant species in seven genera which are divided into several extant subspecies. This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species. The cladogram below is based on that produced by Kelt et al., 2007.
Family Octodontidae
Genus Aconaemys: three species
Genus Spalacopus: one species
Genus Octodon: five species
Genus Octodontomys: one species
Genus Octomys: one species
Genus Tympanoctomys: three species
Genus Pipanacoctomys: one species
| 3.28125
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78707119
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium%20hypoiodite
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Ammonium hypoiodite
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Ammonium hypoiodites are a class of reactive intermediates used in certain organic oxidation reactions. They consist of either ammonium itself or an alkylammonium with various substituents as cation, paired with a hypoiodite anion as the active oxidant. The hypoiodite is generated in situ from the analogous iodide reagent using peroxides, oxone, peracids, or other strong oxidizing agents. The hypoiodite is then capable of oxidizing various organic substrates. The iodide is regenerated, meaning the reaction runs with the iodide/hypoiodite as a catalyst in the presence of excess of the original strong oxidizing agent.
Ammonium hypoiodites are capable of oxidizing benzylic methyl groups, initiating oxidative dearomatization, and oxidative decarboxylation of β-ketolactones. Similar to the β-ketolactone reaction, oxidative ether formation can be performed at the alpha position of various ketones. Using chiral ammonium cations can give high enantioselectivity of the alpha-etherification reaction, an example of an efficient chiral metal-free organocatalysis process.
Several guanidinium hypoiodites can also be used in the various oxidative-coupling reactions. The guanidinium cation has the added benefit of forming multiple ionic interactions or hydrogen bonds to the substrates. The conjugate acid of triazabicyclodecene is especially effective.
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78707226
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin%20of%20Wallace%20Fard%20Muhammad
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Origin of Wallace Fard Muhammad
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The 2017 book Chameleon: The True Story of W.D. Fard by A. K. Arian studies the origin of the Nation of Islam founder. One theory postulated is that Fard was of Afghan heritage. The 2019 book Finding W.D. Fard: Unveiling the Identity of the Founder of the Nation of Islam investigates a variety of theories about Fard's ethnic and religious origins, writing: "The people who actually met him, and the scholars who have studied him, have suggested that he was variously an African American, an Arab from Syria, Lebanon, Algeria, Morocco or Saudi Arabia ... a Turk, an Afghan, an Indo-Pakistani ... a Greek ... In an attempt to determine the origins of W.D. Fard, most scholars have relied on his teachings as passed down, and perhaps modified, by Elijah Muhammad. Some have suggested that he was a member of the Moorish Science Temple of America or the Ahmadiyyah Movement. Others have suggested that he was a Druze or a Shiite." Morrow suggests that a background of Ghulat or extremist Shia Islam best fits with what is known of Fard.
Morrow argues Farad most likely was connected to "the region of Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Balochistan".
Fard before California
Efforts to trace the origins and life story of Fard have been extensive but have yielded only inconclusive fragmentary results, and not even his date of death is known; further complicating any efforts is the fact that only an inconclusive handful of pictures of Fard are known to exist, including four mugshots taken after various arrests and one being the official portrait by the Nation of Islam. Additionally, Fard is alleged to have used up to 58 different aliases during his life.
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78707287
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodor%20Heuss%20House%20Foundation
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Theodor Heuss House Foundation
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In 1994, the German Bundestag decided to establish two new federal foundations dedicated to the memory of German statesmen (Politikergedenkstiftungen), the Federal Chancellor Willy Brandt Foundation (dedicated to Willy Brandt) and the President Theodor Heuss House Foundation, both modeled after the Federal Chancellor Adenauer House Foundation (founded in 1978) and the President Friedrich Ebert Memorial (founded in 1986). The new Theodor Heuss House Foundation acquired Theodor Heuss' former Stuttgart domicile and had it remodelled, renovated and extended with an annex according to the plans of the Stuttgart architect Behnisch & Partner. After a first permanent exhibition dedicated to Theodor Heuss had been displayed between 2002 and 2021, the house underwent extensive renovation work before being reopened by Federal President Frank-Walter Steinmeier in May 2023.
Exhibitions
In addition to different temporary exhibitions, three permanent exhibitions can be seen in the Theodor Heuss House in Stuttgart: Theodor Heuss' original furnishings in the style of the late 1950s can be seen in his living quarters; a historical exhibition (Demokratie als Lebensform) is dedicated to the life and work of Theodor Heuss and his wife, the social activist and politician Elly Heuss-Knapp; and an exhibition presents the functions of the German Federal President within the German constitutional framework.
Publications
The Foundation published a couple of book series. The Zeithistorische Impulse series comprises edited volumes and monographs on contemporary historical research. Under the title Theodor Heuss. Stuttgarter Ausgabe, the Foundation publishes a scholarly edition of Theodor Heuss' letters, speeches and writings. The Letters series is completed with eight volumes, which were published between 2009 and 2014 and offer an annotated selection from the approximately 60,000 letters written by Heuss.
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78709131
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalini%20Divya
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Shalini Divya
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Shalini Divya is an Indian chemist and entrepreneur working in New Zealand, specialising in developing aluminium-ion battery technology as a commercial alternative to lithium-ion batteries. She is the co-founder of battery technology company TasmanIon. Divya was awarded a KiwiNet Breakthrough Innovator award in 2021.
Career
Divya was born and raised in India, and gained a Bachelor of Science in chemistry from Delhi University and a master's degree in chemistry at the Birla Institute of Technology in Mesra, India. She moved to New Zealand to undertake doctoral research, completing a PhD at the MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology at Victoria University of Wellington in 2021, under the supervision of Thomas Nann (University of Newcastle, Australia) and Jim Johnston. Divya worked on selecting a suitable cathode element for non-aqueous aluminium-ion batteries. Divya co-founded company TasmanIon, of which she is also chief executive, with Thomas Nann in 2022. The company aims to commercialise the aluminium-ion battery technology developed by Divya. The batteries are intended to be more sustainable than lithium batteries as the components are more abundant, and are also easier to recycle. Aluminium ion batteries also do not need cobalt, avoiding the ethical problems of cobalt mining, and are safer as there is no risk of explosion.
In 2021 Divya was awarded a KiwiNet Breakthrough Innovator award. TasmanIon was shortlisted for the inaugural Le Zero Innovation Award. TasmanIon was also selected as one of three participants in Wellington City Council-supported Creative HQ Climate Response Accelerator programme.
Selected works
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78709670
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%20frigate%20Reina%20Blanca
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Spanish frigate Reina Blanca
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Reina Blanca (English: Queen Blanche), sometimes referred to as Blanca (English: Blanche), was a screw frigate of the Spanish Navy commissioned in 1859. She took part in the Hispano–Moroccan War of 1859–1860, the mulitnational intervention in Mexico in 1861–1862, several actions during the Chincha Islands War of 1865–1866, and the Third Carlist War in 1874. After service as a training ship during the 1870s and 1880s, she was scrapped in 1893.
Reina Blanca was named for Blanche I of Navarre (1387–1441), who was queen regnant of the Kingdom of Navarre from 1425 to 1441. She also was Queen of Sicily from 1402 to 1409 and regent of the Kingdom of Sicily from 1404 to 1405 and from 1408 to 1415.
Construction and commissioning
Reina Blanca′s construction was authorized along with that of the screw frigates and by a royal order of either 8 August or 8 October 1853 (sources disagree). She was laid down at the in Ferrol, Spain, on either 16 October 1854 or 4 April 1855 (sources disagree) as a wooden-hulled screw frigate with mixed sail and steam propulsion. She was launched on 19 February 1859, and after fitting out she was commissioned later in 1859. Her total construction cost was 3,082,909 pesetas.
Service history
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78709670
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%20frigate%20Reina%20Blanca
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Spanish frigate Reina Blanca
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With her repairs complete, Reina Blanca returned to South America, where she again became part of Méndez Núñez's South American Squadron. Late in 1868, Méndez Núñez relinquished command of the squadron to Contraalmirante (Counteradmiral) Miguel Lobo Malagando, who made Reina Blanca his flagship on 6 November 1868. On 20 November 1868, Reina Blanca and the Spanish screw frigate departed Rio de Janeiro for a voyage to Santa Catalina Island in the Caribbean Sea off Colombia, which they reached on 28 November. On the night of 1868 they again got underway from Rio de Janeiro and stopped at Maldonado, Uruguay, from before arriving at Montevideo later on 20 December 1868. They returned to Rio de Janeiro in early May 1869. Uprisings in Uruguay soon led to a civil war, the Revolution of the Lances of 1870–1872, during which the ships of the Spanish South American squadron protected Spanish citzens, interests, and property in Uruguay. Reina Blanca returned to Spain in 1872 and underwent modifications to her armament, leaving her with twenty guns in her battery, one gun in her bow, and four rifled guns on her quarterdeck.
In March 1874 Reina Blanca was assigned to the Fuerzes Navales del Norte (Northern Naval Forces), with which she fought along Spain's northern coast against Carlist forces in the Third Carlist War until June 1874, conducting bombardments of Santurce, Algorta, and Carlist positions in San Pedro Abanto on 25 March; Santurce, Portugalete, Las Arenas, and Carlist forces in the surroundings of Ciérvana on 26 March; Santurce, Portugalete, and Las Arenas on 27 March; and Ciérvana on 28 March. She also helped to lift a two-month siege of Bilbao that lasted from April to June 1874.
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78710311
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivian%20Silver%20Impact%20Award
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Vivian Silver Impact Award
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The Vivian Silver Impact Award is presented annually to an Arab woman and Israeli woman who embody the values and actions of the Canadian-Israeli peace activist Vivian Silver (1949-2023). The award was created by the family of Vivian Silver and launched and coordinated with the assistance of the New Israel Fund. The award is 55,000 NIS (New Israeli Shekel), which is equivalent to about 15,000 U.S. dollars, which will be given each year.
Criteria for the award
The award is granted to an Arab woman and an Israeli woman who embody the values and actions of Vivian Silver in terms of the following:
Building Arab-Jewish partnership in Israel.
Establishing peace between Israel and Palestine.
Advancing women to decision-making.
Advancing women in leadership positions.
Vivian Silver
Vivian Silver was a Canadian-Israeli peace activist who was killed by Hamas terrorist during October 7 Hama led attack on Israel when she was at Kibbutz Be’eri, a kibbutz in southern Israel. In collaboration with Palestinian peace activist and community organizer Amal Elsana Alh’ joojj, Vivian and Amal established AJEEC—the Arab-Jewish Center for Equality, Empowerment, and Cooperation in 2000. The partnership empowered Bedouin women in the Israeli region to access good paying jobs acceptable to their traditional communities.
The Arab-Jewish Center for Equality, Empowerment, and Cooperation (AJEEC) describes the efforts of Silver as:For more than five decades, Vivian Silver dedicated her efforts and passion to bringing people together in dignity, cooperation, and mutual respect. With a keen eye and an open heart, she fostered equality – between women and men, between Arabs and Jews – in Israeli society, and actively strived for peace in the region.
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78710602
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific%20Research%20Institute%20of%20Medicine%20of%20the%20Ministry%20of%20Defense%20in%20Sergiyev%20Posad
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Scientific Research Institute of Medicine of the Ministry of Defense in Sergiyev Posad
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Zagorsk-6 scientists tested many pathogens: the rickettsiology programmes worked on creating biological weapons based on Coxiella burnetii (causes Q fever), Rickettsia prowazekii (causes epidemic typhus), Rickettsia conorii (causes boutonneuse fever) and Rickettsia rickettsii (causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever). Among those, Coxiella burnetii was validated for use as a biological weapon. The virology and entomology programmes were interconnected in Zagorsk-6 because most viruses they studied were arboviruses. The employees raised mosquitoes who carried the yellow fever virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, and Japanese encephalitis virus; they also studied the military potential of viral hemorrhagic fever viruses and worked on vaccines, for example, for the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. The strains of hemorrhagic fever viruses reached the USSR from West Germany via an official strain exchange programme, despite urban legends about Soviet KGB agents who exhumed victims of the Marburg virus to get tissue samples.
The lead researchers working on the hemorrhagic fever viruses were Viktor Zhdanov (Marburg virus, Lassa virus, and Machupo virus), N. I. Gonchar and V. A. Pshenichnov (Marburg virus). Zagorsk-6 scientists attempted to create a cure for Marburg virus and unsuccessfully used gamma globulin on VECTOR lead scientists Nikolay Ustinov and L. A. Akinfeeva who got the Marburg virus. Most of this work occurred in the Building 18. In 1979, another R&D building was added to the institute: Building 78, which had better conditions and more modern equipment; its staff focussed on Ebola virus. The work on Ebola culminated in creating an antibody for emergency prophylaxis against it in 1995; the director of Zagorsk-6, , was awarded the title of the Hero of the Russian Federation for this work. Zagorsk-6 scientists reportedly worked in Kindia, Republic of Guinea, possibly on Lassa virus.
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78711928
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri%20Aurobindo%20Institute%20of%20Higher%20Studies%20and%20Research%2C%20Matrubhaban
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Sri Aurobindo Institute of Higher Studies and Research, Matrubhaban
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Sri Aurobindo Institute of Higher Studies and Research, (S.A.I.H.S.R) Matrubhaban, located at Cuttack, Odisha, The institute founded on July 18, 1971. It began in 1948 as the Sri Aurobindo Study Circle movement, it inspired by the principles of Sri Aurobindo. This is the one among two study circles of Odisha open at Rairangpur 1949 & Cuttack in 1950. It is affiliated with the Board of Secondary Education, Odisha, and the Council of Higher Secondary Education, Odisha.
History
The institute was founded in 1949 after two Sri Aurobindo Study Circles were set up in Odisha, one in Rairangpur and another in Cuttack. These began under the guidance of Sri Ramakrishna Das, a follower of Sri Aurobindo who went under the name Babaji Maharaj.
Babaji Maharaj pioneered the campaign to spread Sri Aurobindo's philosophy throughout the nation of Odisha. The institution's activities involved the founding of integral education centers, women's groups, study circles, and youth organizations.
Cuttack's Matrubhaban was the centerpiece for these endeavors, luring in participants from all over Odisha's branches and zones.
It dedicates itself to the teachings of Sri Aurobindo and The Mother, focusing on growing human awareness, spiritual growth, and integral education.
Structure of organizations
In Odisha, the work is divided into nine zones, each heading up of a district. Each year, officials from every zone meet at Matrubhaban to plan future events along with assessing present endeavors.
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78712205
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonomochota
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Tonomochota
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Another series of ochotonid dental fossil excavations were done at Korydornaya Cave at the Jewish Autonomous Oblast at Russia from 2017 to 2018. In 2023, Russian paleontologists Alexander E. Gusev and Mikhail P. Tiunov studied the ochotonid teeth and erected T. khinganica, named after the Greater Khingan mountain range in China.
Classification
Tonomochota belongs to the Ochotonidae, of which the only extant genus is Ochotona (which contains pikas). The family is divided into two subfamilies, the Ochotoninae and Sinolagomyinae. The earliest fossil record of the Ochotonidae is recorded in the early Late Oligocene of Mongolia. The Sinolagomyinae was the earlier-appearing family known initially from Mongolia and China that later dispersed to Europe, Africa, and North America and lasted up to the Middle Miocene. The Ochotoninae made its first appearance in the Eurasian landmass during the Early Miocene and was especially diverse during the Middle Miocene. During the Late Miocene, newer ochotonine genera appeared in response to drier and cooler climates that led to more open environments. The evolutionary diversity of the Ochotoninae declined beginning in the Pliocene likely due to competition with the cricetid subfamily Arvicolinae, leading to the eventual extinction of most ochotonid genera by the late Pliocene. Ochotona and Tonomochota are the only two ochotonid genera known from the Pleistocene.
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78713775
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panasonic%20Lumix%20DC-GH6
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Panasonic Lumix DC-GH6
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The Panasonic Lumix DC-GH6 is a mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera introduced by Panasonic in February 2022. It uses the Micro Four Thirds lens mount and is the successor to the GH5 series of video-focussed mirrorless cameras.
Features
Compared to the GH5, the GH6 features a new 25.2-megapixel image sensor with dual output gain. It adds support for recording in Apple ProRes 422 and 422 HQ formats. Alongside an SD card slot, the camera has a CFexpress Type B card slot instead of a second SD card slot.
6K/4K Photo and Post Focus modes have been removed. The camera has an updated built-in noise reduction, branded as '3D Noise Reduction' compared to the '2D' system used by the GH5.
Like its predecessor, the GH6 uses Panasonic's Depth-from-Defocus autofocus system.
The Lumix GH6 adds a built-in cooling fan, allowing the camera to capture up to 4K 60FPS video in 10-bit 4:2:2 for unlimited lengths, while higher resolution and/or framerate modes can be captured for extended periods. The fan can be configured by the user to run automatically based on temperature, or continuously.
The 3.0", 1.84-million-dot rear LCD of the GH6 is touch-sensitive, and can be tilted and articulated. The camera also has an OLED electronic viewfinder (EVF) with 0.76× magnification.
The camera can record up to four channels of audio via an optional adapter in addition to the 3.5 mm microphone input jack. It also adds a dedicated button for accessing audio settings, in addition to another function button.
The Lumix GH6 supports recording video directly to an external USB SSD with a firmware update.
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78713818
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinsinwar
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Sinsinwar
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Sinsinwar is an Indian clan of Jats mainly found in the state of Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana. The name Sinsinwar is derived from the village Sinsini in Bharatpur, Rajasthan. Rulers of the Bharatpur state belong to this clan such as Maharaja Suraj Mal.
Etymology
The word Sinsinwar was originated from the name of village Sinsini, to which ancestral lineage of Bharatpur rulers belong.
Mythological origin
The Sinsinwar rulers of the Bharatpur dynasty claimed their descent from Balchand, a Yaduvanshi Rajput of Jadaun clan. Balchand's wife was infertile, so he had two sons named Vijje and Sijje with a Jat concubine whom he had captured during one of his usual plundering raids. His sons became Jats and adopted Sinsinwar as their gotra based on the village of Sinsini after being rejected as Rajputs. Historian Ram Pande notes several issues when examining the veracity of this legend: Sinsini had never been part of Karauli State, the caste of a child is not based on the mother's caste, and they would have become Darogas when rejected as Rajputs instead of Jats. Ram Pande states that this legend was created "to show superiority of Sinsinwar Jats over other Jats."
List of notable persons
This list includes some notable persons from Sinsinwar clan.
Rajaram of Sinsini, chieftain of Sinsini in Bharatpur.
Badan Singh, Founder and first Maharaja of Bharatpur State.
Suraj Mal, Maharaja of Bharatpur State.
Vishvendra Singh, Indian politician and former cabinet minister in Government of Rajasthan.
Jawahar Singh, Maharaja of Bharatpur State.
Churaman, chieftain of Sinsini in Bharatpur.
| 2.109375
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78714993
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sch%C3%B6nborn%20palace%20%28Beregvar%29
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Schönborn palace (Beregvar)
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The Austrian Branch of the Schönborn family: Schönborn-Buchheim
After Friedrich Karl's death, the estate was inherited by his brother, Rudolf Franz Erwein von Schönborn (1677–1754), who sold it to his nephew, Eugen Erwein von Schönborn-Heusenstamm (1727–1801). Eugen had already inherited Friedrich Karl's Austrian properties, including Palais Schönborn-Batthyány and Schloss Schönborn. Since Eugen had only daughters and no sons, the estate passed to his cousin's son, Hugo Damian Erwein von Schönborn-Wiesentheid (1739–1817). Hugo divided his time between the Schönborner Hof in Mainz, the Franconian palaces of Wiesentheid and Weißenstein in Pommersfelden, and Vienna. Upon his death, his sons divided the estates, leading to the emergence of the Austrian branch of the Schönborn family under Franz Philipp von Schönborn-Buchheim (1768–1841). In addition to the Austrian estates, this branch also inherited the Mukachevo-Chinadiiv estate.
During the 18th and 19th centuries, the Mukachevo-Chinadiiv estate experienced rapid development thanks to well-planned agricultural and economic policies. For instance, Count Eugen established a hosiery factory and a large stud farm. In 1782, he also oversaw the construction of a bridge over the Latorica River.
For the Austrian branch of the Schönborn family, visiting Szentmiklós each autumn and hosting hunting parties became a cherished tradition. To facilitate these gatherings, Erwein-Friedrich von Schönborn-Buchheim (1842–1903) constructed the Beregvár hunting lodge between 1890 and 1895, replacing a former wooden lodge. Both he and his son and heir, Friedrich Karl von Schönborn-Buchheim (1869–1932), frequently hosted distinguished guests from across Austria-Hungary.
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78715912
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luretta%20Valley
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Luretta Valley
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Culture
The valley is part of the culturally homogeneous territory of the four provinces, characterized by common customs and traditions and a repertoire of very ancient music and dances. The main instrument of this area is the Apennine piffero.
Economy
The economy of the valley is essentially agricultural, with cattle and horse breeding, riding stables, wine and cheese production. There are many trattorias and restaurants, even in the smallest hamlets, offering typical and local wines.
Infrastructure and transportation
The valley can be reached from the Agazzano provincial road 7, which starts from the former state road 10 Padana Inferiore at San Nicolò a Trebbia, a hamlet of Rottofreno, and reaches Agazzano after passing through Gragnano Trebbiense and Gazzola. From Agazzano, the provincial road 33 of Cantone starts, which allows the connection with the Val Tidone, and the provincial road 7 bis of Piozzano, which, having reached the municipality of the same name, takes the name of the provincial road 65 of Caldarola, which reaches the pass of the same name, allowing the connection with the Val Trebbia. From the road to Caldarola, just above Vidiano, the provincial road 60 of Croce branches off to Pianello Val Tidone, in the valley of the same name.
Between 1907 and 1933, the central part of the valley up to Agazzano was served by the Piacenza-Agazzano tramway, which connected the provincial capital to Agazzano after passing through the municipalities of Gragnano Trebbiense and Gazzola.
Administration
The Luretta Valley belongs administratively to the municipalities of Agazzano, Gazzola, Gragnano Trebbiense, Piozzano and Travo; Gragnano and Piozzano include territorial parts on both banks of the river, Agazzano on the orographic left and Gazzola and Travo on the opposite bank. Among the municipal capitals, Agazzano, Gazzola and Piozzano are located in the valley, Gragnano in the plain between the Luretta and the Trebbia, and Travo in the Trebbia valley.
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78717384
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Padang%20Area
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Battle of Padang Area
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The Battle of Padang Area (Indonesian: Pertempuran Padang Area) was a fierce engagement between Indonesian forces and Allied troops in Padang, West Sumatra. The conflict began when Allied forces initiated clashes and looted several Indonesian headquarters in the city. In response, Indonesian forces launched counterattacks in Padang, leading to a series of skirmishes throughout the area.
Background
On 13 October 1945, the Allied forces (British–Dutch troops) landed in the Gulf of Bayur, Padang. The regiment was under the command of Brigadier General Hutchinson.
On 15 October 1945, Hutchinson met with the Indonesian government in Padang. They discussed using the Padang Resident's building as their headquarters. The Indonesian government agreed to the proposal. However, once the Allied forces entered the building, they looted numerous government documents.
Battle and skirmishes
On 15 November 1945, British forces looted and stole government documents from the Resident's building in Padang. In response, the Indonesian forces deployed 500 troops to the area. The troops disguised themselves as employees of the Resident's office to carry out their operation.
Assault on Simpang Haru School (1945)
On 27 November 1945, KNIL soldiers entered Simpang Haru School while teachers and students were in the middle of their lessons. The soldiers disrupted the school, throwing various items they found. The headmaster, Said Rasjad, was displeased with their actions and confronted them, asking what they needed. Determined to resolve the issue, Said went to their headquarters to discuss matters with the commander. However, the soldiers brutally assaulted him, leaving him incapacitated. Shortly afterward, some police officers arrived at the enemy headquarters and took Said to their office.
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78718844
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tisa%20Wenger
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Tisa Wenger
|
Tisa Joy Wenger (born 1969) is an American historian centered on religion in the United States. A 2021 Guggenheim Fellow, she is the author of We Have a Religion (2009) and Religious Freedom: The Contested History of an American Ideal (2017) and co-editor of Religion and U.S. Empire: Critical New Histories (2022). She has worked as a professor at Arizona State University and Yale Divinity School.
Biography
Tisa Joy Wenger was born in 1969 to Christine and Harold Wenger, Mennonite missionaries who operated throughout Africa. She got her BA (1991) in English at Eastern Mennonite University, where she also made national headlines for introducing Virginia state legislator J. Samuel Glasscock at the college's Amnesty International-funded anti-death penalty forum. As a graduate student, she obtained her MA (1997) in Women's Studies in Religion at Claremont Graduate University, before going to Princeton University Graduate School to get a second MA (1999) and her PhD (2002) in Religion; her doctoral dissertation Savage debauchery or sacred communion? Religion and the primitive in the Pueblo dance controversy was advised by Leigh E. Schmidt.
Wenger originally worked as a 2002–2003 Bill and Rita Clements Research Fellow at Southern Methodist University's William P. Clements Center for Southwest Studies and as acting associate director of the Princeton University Center for the Study of Religion (2003–2004). In 2004, she became assistant professor at the Arizona State University Department of Religious Studies. She moved to Yale Divinity School in 2009 and was promoted to associate professor in 2014 and full professor in 2022.
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78719119
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste%20Anastasi
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Auguste Anastasi
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In 1861, Théophile Gautier compared him to Van der Neer, noting his mastery of Dutch views despite his Italian name, and predicted his works would match Van der Neer's value in 50 years.
Anastasi, suffering from a prolonged illness, spent a year in Italy in 1862 to restore his health. While a sale fetched 760 francs for a single painting and included drawings, many works were sold through his network of acquaintances. He sold 15 paintings and 25 drawings and aquatints to cover the travel expense.
His travels to Rome, Naples, and rural Italy resulted in Terrace of the Villa Pamphili, among other paintings. First exhibited at the Paris Salon of 1864, the painting is now held at the Musée du Luxembourg.
At the 1865 Salon, he showcased The Roman Forum, Setting Sun, The Banks of the Tiber, and two Roman views. He earned another second-class medal in the painting category. In 1866, Anastasi exhibited Terrace of a Convent at Rome, A View at Tivoli, and a watercolor of an Italian villa. In 1867, The Coliseum and a Brook in Autumn. In 1868, A Wash House near Naples, A Bit of the Village of Leidschendam in Holland, and a watercolor of the Winter Garden of the Princess Mathilde.
He travelled to Douarnenez, Brittany in 1868. On 12 April 1868, Anastasi was distinguished as a Knight of the Legion of Honour.
He was credited with the illustrations for Casimir Chevalier's book titled Naples, Vesuvius, and Pompeii: Travel Sketches () published in 1871 in Naples.
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78719119
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste%20Anastasi
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Auguste Anastasi
|
Like his father, he had struggled with failing eyesight for ten years, hindering his ability to paint. His vision problems caused him to paint irregularly, though his output was greater in his early years. Théophile Gautier described it as "He saw black butterflies dancing before his eyes, like pieces of burnt paper carried away by the wind". Anastasi went completely blind in July 1870, at the age of 50. He was mentioned in the journals of the Goncourt brothers on several occasions. Recalling his distress, the Goncourts noted, "When he became blind, the idea that, having no more money, he would be obliged to return there (hospice), he had seriously intended to kill himself".
His artist friends grouped together to organize a sale for his benefit. The auction catalog included works by Corot, N. Diaz, Jules Dupré, E. Isabey, E. Fromentin, Daubigny, Rosa Bonheur, Cabanel, Bida, Gérôme, Lami, de Curzon, Eugène Lavieille, Stevens, Bonnat, and many more. With 200 artworks gathered by 1870, the war and Siege of Paris postponed progress for a few years. The sale took place in 1872 at the Parisian Hôtel Drouot. The sale generated more than 120,000 francs after covering all expenses. He expressed his gratitude to the artists in a letter from the Municipal Health Center of Paris, dated 7 February 1872.
Once he became completely blind, he retired to the neighborhood of Batignolles in the 17th arrondissement of Paris. In 1884, despite his blindness, he wrote a memoir on his grandfather Nicolas Leblanc, based on family papers.
Many of the landscape painter's works are in provincial museums throughout France, notably Nantes, Rennes, and Quimper.
Death
Auguste Anastasi died on 15 March 1889 in Paris, France. His death was announced in The Art Journal that year. After his passing, Anastasi left 100,000 francs in State annuities to the Académie des Beaux-Arts to establish yearly assistance for artists in financial difficulty.
| 2.359375
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78719595
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan%20Segu%C3%AD%20Almuzara
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Juan Seguí Almuzara
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Juan Seguí Almuzara (1885–1936) was a Spanish military officer who ascended to the rank of lieutenant colonel. In the 1910s he served mostly in Morocco, while in the 1920s he was a military attaché in Paris and Brussels. However, he is known mostly for his engagement in the July 1936 coup. In Melilla he emerged as one of few key leaders of the conspiracy and played a vital role in rebel takeover of power in the area.
Youth
Segui's paternal family was related to the province of Alicante. His father, Juan Segui Verdú (born 1841), originated from the hamlet of Tollos and like many in the family, he opted for a military career. In the mid-1880s he served in the rank of a captain of infantry and was posted to Catalonia; his new unit was the 18. Infantry Battalion based in Lérida, though Segui Verdú was assigned to its company garrisoning the St. Fernando base in Figueres. At the time he was married to María Almuzara Alonso (born 1850), the native of Huesca; in the mid-1890s he was promoted to comandante and in the early 20th century he would retire at this rank.
Juan spent his childhood in Figueres and Lérida. Though growing up in the Catalan environment, he spoke Spanish as his native tongue; it is not clear what schools he frequented. When adolescent, he decided to follow in the footsteps of his father; in 1899 he entered a preparatory military school (unclear where) and in 1900 he successfully took entry exams to Academia de Infantería in Toledo. Following the regular curriculum, he graduated as segundo teniente in 1903; among 145 graduates, he was within the best 15. His first military assignment was to the 1. Mountain Battalion, stationed in the Navarrese town of Estella.
Military career
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78719595
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan%20Segu%C3%AD%20Almuzara
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Juan Seguí Almuzara
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On August 18, 1936, Segui with few other officers was travelling in a car, on its route from Seville to Badajóz. In the town of Santa Marta de Los Barros, thought to be under the rebel control, they were suddenly approached by loyalist militia. The vehicle turned back and tried to flee, but it was soon damaged by enemy fire. The rebels abandoned the car and pursued by the loyalists, sought shelter in the countryside; they hid in a farmhouse near Feria, offering money to the owner. However, the latter denounced them to approaching militamen. Segui and his companions either died in combat or surrendered, but were executed shortly afterwards.
Epilogue
The widow was eligible for extraordinary pension, as Segui died when in service; it was granted already in 1938. The question of heritage, claimed by the widow and the sister, Pilar Seguí Almuzara, was settled by the court in 1940. At unspecified time during early Francoism a major street in Melilla, leading to Plaza de España, was named "calle teniente coronel Segui". Until the late 1960s in anniversary articles published in mid-July some local newspapers used to mention Segui among those who first rose to arms, at times as " verdadero cerebro del Alzamiento en Melilla". In 1957 the widow was admitted at a private audience by Franco. Segui made it to history books, from Historia de la cruzada española (1940) by Arraras to The Spanish Civil War (1961) by Thomas.
| 2.15625
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78719887
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MV%20Volgoneft-139
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MV Volgoneft-139
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Oil spill
Interfax quoted Alexander Tkachyov, the Governor of Krasnodar Krai, as saying that 30,000 seabirds were covered with oil, and would probably die. On 26 November 2007, Russia's Ministry of Emergency Situations stated that it had cleaned of coast, and that 27,994 tonnes of oily waste; 332 litres of emulsified oil and water; and 5,142 dead birds had been collected.
However, some of the oil had not been removed. In April 2008, "hundreds, if not thousands, of tons" of mixed oil and seaweed still lay on the beaches of the Taman Peninsula. Local residents were using spades and pitchforks to try to remove the pollution before that year's tourist season began. That June, environmentalists found concentrations of oil pollution around Port Kavkaz, including 300 bags of oily waste that had been bagged but then abandoned. On the southern part of the Chushka Spit they found no sign of the oil being removed. This area includes the ecologically sensitive Taman-Zaporozhye nature reserve, which is a breeding ground for both fish and birds, and a stopping point for migrating birds.
More continued to leak from Volgoneft-139s wreck during 2008. That July, Academician Gennady Matyushov of the Russian Academy of Sciences reported that the wreck was still producing a plume of oil two miles long. That November, Yevgeny Bubnov, head of Crimea's Republican Committee for Environmental Protection, said that it was impossible to clear all of the oil pollution from the water and the Crimean coast of the Kerch Strait.
| 2.296875
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78720044
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amastra%20violacea
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Amastra violacea
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Amastra violacea is a species of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Amastridae.
Subspecies
Amastra violacea violacea (Newcomb, 1853)
Amastra violacea wailauensis Hyatt & Pilsbry, 1911
Description
The length of the shell attains 27.9 mm, its diameter 14 mm.
The shell is dextral, ovate-oblong, and solid, consisting of 7 convex whorls that are prominently striated longitudinally. The suture is plain yet deeply impressed, adding to the shell's defined appearance.
The aperture is ovate, with a short columella that ends in a distinct twisted plait. The outer lip is simple, while the shell's coloration is violaceous, adorned with lighter-colored striae for contrast.
Thetypical form is well characterized by its violaceous hue with light striae, a purplish apex, and yellowish earliest neanic whorls, with a purple interior. In some cases, the shell surface appears more worn and adopts a nearly uniform flesh tone, with the apex becoming nearly white. Fragments of the thin brown cuticle may persist, and when preserved on the spire, reveal irregular dark markings on a lighter background, indicating a relationship to A. nubilosa.
The whorls of the protoconch form a rather acute, conic summit, with the first half whorl smooth. Weak, low axial ribs develop shortly afterward. The second whorl features rather strong, arcuate ribs, which are broader than their intervals and often split or weaken near the lower suture. On the next whorl, the ribs become finer and weaker below the middle, sometimes splitting into striae. Approximately 3.5 embryonic whorls are present, with their outlines being nearly flat.
The subsequent whorls are moderately convex, with somewhat thread-like striae. These may be low or partially effaced in areas. The columellar fold is relatively small and oblique. The outer lip is thin, contributing to the shell's delicate appearance.
Distribution
This species is endemic to Hawai, occurring off Halawa.
| 2.1875
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78720105
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/1961%20T1%20%28Seki%29
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C/1961 T1 (Seki)
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The comet brightened in November, as it approached Earth, and was moving rapidly southwards. The comet was first reported to be visible with the naked eye on 11 November, with brightness estimates between 4.5 and 5.5. The comet approached Earth to a distance of 0.102 AU on 15 November 1961. S. Archer from Rhodes University, South Africa, estimated that the comet peaked at an apparent magnitude of 4.3 and its coma was up to 40 arcminutes across. John Caister Bennett estimated the comet had an apparent magnitude of 4 on 13 and 15 November. The comet reached its southernmost declination of 16 November, at -69°. After that the comet faded quickly and on 4 December its magnitude was reported to be 8.4. It was last detected on 29 December 1961.
Meteor showers
The comet approaches Earth to a distance of 0.08 AU and thus it was suggested from 1961 that is could be a source of meteors. Mathematical models indicate that the meteor stream of the comet evolved into two filaments. The shower associated with the first filament was identified as the December ρ-Virginids, while the other shower was identified as the γ-Sagittariids.
| 2.984375
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78722141
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowman%20Postman
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Snowman Postman
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Snowman-Postman () is a 1955 Soviet animated children's Novy God cartoon, based on the fairy tale Yolka by Vladimir Suteev. The plot is about a snowman (Snegovik) who has to bring the children's wish lists to Ded Moroz, the Russian equivalent of Santa Claus.
Plot
On New Year's Eve, several children write a letter to Ded Moroz, asking him to send them a New Year's tree () for New Year's, and then proceed to build a snowman, dance around him and sing about how they want their wishes to be fulfilled. When midnight strikes, the snowman comes to life as the clock on Spasskaya Tower strikes and, together with a small puppy named Druzhok (), sets off to find Ded Moroz.
After entering the "magic forest", they get lost and ask an owl, who found them, how to get to Ded Moroz, but get any answer. Afterwards, a fox appears trying to steal the letter from Snegovik. After a long back and forth, they get into a fight, with the fox trying to steal the letter, but being stopped by a wolf, who later attacks it. Druzhok, taking advantage of the fight, grabs the letter and returns it to Snegovik, causing the villains to chase them. However, they retreat when waking up a bear at their spot of fighting.
The Bear, having listened to Snegovik and Druzhok, gets them to Ded Moroz, but Snegovik, having rolled down a mountain, crashes into a stump and falls apart. Somehow, Druzhok and the bear manage to restore him, but the fox uses the situationa and again grabs the letter and runs away with the others.
| 2.15625
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78722430
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back%20River%20Wastewater%20Treatment%20Plant
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Back River Wastewater Treatment Plant
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Function
The Back River Wastewater Treatment Plant is designed to treat 180 million gallons of wastewater per day, but can receive up to 400 million gallons daily with decreased treatment. The plant includes six fine screens to remove large objects from wastewater flowing into the plant, which then makes its way into grit removal basins to settle out sand and other particles; debris removed from the wastewater are taken to the Quarantine Road Landfill in south Baltimore. Next, the wastewater is distributed among eleven primary sedimentation tanks, wherein approximately 65% of organic material settles, which is taken to solid processing while the wastewater continues to Secondary Treatment. In Secondary Treatment, wastewater is transferred into three fine bubble-activated sludge facilities—where microorganisms metabolize organic pollutants and compromise activated sludge, which is separated from the affluent through sedimentation—before making its way to Advanced Treatment, where water is distributed between 48 sand beds, each containing 11 inches of sand, which traps most of the remaining suspended solids. The wastewater finally makes its way into the Final Treatment stage, where it is disinfected, dechlorinated, and aerated before flowing into Back River.
| 2.65625
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78722655
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitcoin%20Center
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Bitcoin Center
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Media appearances
The center was featured in various media outlets and documentaries about cryptocurrency, including the film "Banking on Bitcoin" (2016)
and CNN's Morgan Spurlock Inside Man. In the latter, host Morgan Spurlock visited the New York City Bitcoin Center to purchase bitcoin during an episode focusing on cryptocurrency.
At the Bitcoin Center in New York City, Spurlock buys his first bitcoin from the live auctioneer at the site
The center also hosted educational events, including a 2014 roundtable discussion on Bitcoin and blockchain technology specifically designed for journalists.
Legacy
Bitcoin Center NYC helped establish New York City as a major cryptocurrency and blockchain technology hub. Its educational initiatives and community-building efforts contributed to wider acceptance and understanding of digital currencies in the traditional financial sector. The center's historical significance was documented in multiple documentaries, including the 2016 Netflix documentary "Banking on Bitcoin"(2014), preserving its role in the early development of cryptocurrency culture.
| 2.0625
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78725507
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude%20d%27Angennes
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Claude d'Angennes
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During this visit, D'Angennes had four audiences with the pope on the subject of his mission, and expressed these remarkable sentiments. He represented to his holiness, that the king was full of zeal for the Catholic faith, that the Cardinal de Guise was convicted of the crime of rebellion, and in this case the ecclesiastics of France, whatever might be their rank, were subject to secular jurisdiction, and particularly the peers of the kingdom, who had no other judges than the parlement of Paris, composed of peers, officers of the crown, and the ordinary judges, and if the king had derogated from the formalities of justice in the punishment which he had inflicted on the cardinal, this was a matter which concerned his parlement, and that by this he had not infringed any ecclesiastical privileges. The pope replied, that the death of the Duc de Guise did not concern him, and the king had a right to punish him; but he demanded satisfaction for the death of the cardinal, who was the subject of the holy see, and not of the king, as the cardinals were immediately under the pontifical jurisdiction, and irresponsible to any secular power; and the same was the case with archbishops and bishops, as it was expressly stated in the oath of their consecration. The bishop answered, that if ecclesiastics were subject to the pontifical authority as far as regarded their ministry, yet it was not so as to their property or their abodes; in these points they were obliged to obey their princes, and came under their jurisdiction.
| 2.0625
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78725586
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Magic%20Grain
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The Magic Grain
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The Magic Grain (French: Le Grain Magique) is an Algerian tale collected by author Taos Amrouche in her book . It deals with a maiden going in search of her elder brothers in the company of a dark-skinned slavewoman who replaces her and passes herself as the youths' sister.
The tale is classified, in the international Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index, as type ATU 451, "The Maiden Who Seeks her Brothers" (formerly as tale type AaTh 451A, "The Sister Seeking her Nine Brothers"). Variants of this tale type exist in North Africa (among the Berbers), wherein the heroine and a black woman change races in order to trick the heroine's elder brothers into thinking the latter is their sister.
Summary
In a village, seven brothers declare they will depart from home if their mother bears another son. Settoute, the evil witch, tells the brothers a boy was born to their mother, which causes their departure. However, their mother gave birth to a girl. Years later, when she goes to draw water, she is mocked for her missing elder brothers. The girl goes to ask her mother about it, and the woman tells her the whole story. The girl then decides to go and search for them. Her mother gives her a magic grain that will serve as means of communication between them, and warns her not to bathe in the pool for the black women, otherwise she will become one herself.
The girl then begins her journey on a horse and accompanied by a black servant. At certain times, her mother talks to her via the magic grain, until the duo reaches a place with pools for white women, where the servant bathes in and becomes white, and pool for black women, where the girl washes herself and becomes black. The duo keep walking until the girl's mother's voice can no longer reach her, and the servant forces the girl to dismount the horse and let her climb it, then reach the brothers' village, where the servant passes herself as their sister, while the true one is made to herd the camels.
| 1.9375
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78725586
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Magic%20Grain
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The Magic Grain
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"We Need a Sister"
Hasan El-Shamy collected another variant from a male teller in Kabyle (Algeria), which he titled [We Need a Sister]. In this tale, seven brothers live in a mountain village, and decide to leave home for good in case another son is born to their mother. A Settût (a being in North African folklore) decides to speed up the process and trick the brothers that another son was born. They depart. Years later, the same Settût tells the girl of her brothers and she decides to go after them. The girl rides on a horse with a magical grain as the communication device. The girl is warned not to drink or bathe in the fountain for the slaves, but to use the fountain for "whites". After a great distance from home, the slave-girl uses the white fountain and the girl the black fountain. The slave-girl forces the true sister to get off the horse and to attend to her as her servant. They reach the brothers' house and the true sister is made to graze the horses. She laments her fate to the horses, who feel her sadness and become emaciated. The brothers discover the confession and consult with a neighbouring man on how to reveal the deceit.
| 2.75
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78725586
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Magic%20Grain
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The Magic Grain
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The Princess and the Seven Brothers
German ethnologist Leo Frobenius collected a North African tale from Kabylia with the title Die Prinzessin und die 7 Brüder, translated to French as La princesse et ses sept frères ("The Princess and the Seven Brothers"). In this tale, a sultan's wife is expecting her eighth child. The sultan's seven other sons learn of the news and rejoice if it is a girl, but will leave the kingdom if it is a boy. A girl is born and a servant runs to the seven princes to tell them - wrongfully - that a brother was born. They decide to leave. Fourteen years pass, and the girl breaks a jar. She is mockingly reminded of the fate of her seven older brothers and decides to look for them. She leaves the palace with a parrot as companion and a Black slave woman. They pass by a fountain and leave the parrot there, while the Black slave suggests the princess trade places with her on the camel's back. They reach a place with two fountains: one that makes black skin into white and another that darkens the skin. The Black slave jumps into the white fountain and becomes white-skinned, as the princess jumps into the black fountain and acquires a black countenance. The Black slave, now white, passes herself off as the true princess and meets the seven brothers. They invite her to live with them. The true princess, now a slave, herds the camels and laments over her sad fate. Six of the brothers' camels overhear the sad story and begin to lose weight, while the seventh camel, which cannot listen, starts to get fatter and healthier. The seventh brother decides to investigate into the matter and notices the slave's lament. A little bird blurts it out that the false sister may have bleached the skin, but could not conceal the texture of her natural hair. The brothers discover the ploy, return to the fountains to restore his sister and mete out a cruel punishment on the slavewoman.
| 2.921875
| 0
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78725586
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Magic%20Grain
|
The Magic Grain
|
In a Kabylian tale collected by Auguste Moulièras with the Berber title Seba Ouaithmathen D'Oultmathsen Fadhma Thaklith, translated by Camille Lacoste-Dujardin as Les sept frères er leur soeur Fat'ma la négresse, seven brothers are born from the same mother, and one day they talk among themselves: if their mother bears another male child, they will leave home; if a girl is born, they will sing and celebrate. A girl is indeed born to their mother, but an old lady tells them a son was born to their mother, and they depart to another country, where they buy a house and establish themselves. The girl is named "Fat'ma the Black Girl", so that she does not die. One day, when she is old enough, a slave is hired as her companion, and goes to draws water from a fountain. The same old lady shoves her into the water and mocks her for causing her brothers' departure. Fat'ma returns home and threatens her mother with burning her hand in a soup, and the woman reveals the whole truth. Fat'ma then decides to travel to visit her brothers: she mounts on a horse, takes the black servant with her, and carries "la graine de l'oubli" ('the grain of forgetfulness') with her. They pass by two fountains each time, and the grain warns Fat'ma to drink from the fontain of the houris, not from the fountain for the black women. They continue their journey until the duo reach another pair of fountains, the grain drops to the ground, which the black slave kicks towards the water. At another springs, the grain tries to warn Fat'ma from the place where it dropped. Lastly, they reach other two springs, and the black slave directs Fat'ma to the wrong one, while she takes a bath in the fountain of the houris: Fat'ma's skin darkens, while the black slave's whitens. They reach the brothers' house, where the black woman passes herself as their sister and introduces Fat'ma as her black slave
| 2.46875
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78726537
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Keaton%20Jr.
|
George Keaton Jr.
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Historical preservation
Keaton's work led to his frequent collaboration with UT Dallas' School of Arts, Humanities and Technology, collaborating with professors to present his research to students and assisting in connecting students with historical projects in Dallas.
In 2016, Keaton donated his family's archive of materials on his ancestor, John Lewis Turner Sr. (1869-1951), who was born in Dallas County and was a graduate of Wiley College and Kent College of Law, to SMU's Underwood Law Library.
By 2020 Keaton was recognized as a prominent local historian, leading local history tours and working with the City of Dallas to create a historical marker for Dallas' Martyr's Park. Martyr's Park was the site of a mass lynching that had occured in July 1860. A fire had ravaged the city, and enslaved African Americans were blamed for the conflagration. Three men, Patrick Jennings, Samuel Smith, and a man called Old Cato, were hanged days after the fire. Keaton had been asked to assist with creating text for the marker, and insisted on the inclusion of the word "lynching" in the marker as well as recognizing that the men were enslaved. He would continue to work on memorializing the site and other lynchings in Dallas until his passing.
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78726882
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lister%20Expedition
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Lister Expedition
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The Lister Expedition was a punitive expedition in 1850 against Lushai chiefs such as Mora who raided Cachar. It is referred to as the Lister Expedition, which was headed by Colonel Frederick George Lister.
Background
In November 1849, the Magistrate of Sylhet reported a series of raids on the Simla River within British territory. A party of wood-cutters had been attacked. Another attack had followed up on a village of Halams (a class of Tipperahs), which had been cut up and destroyed. Reports from Cachar stated that the Lushais, under Chief Lalianvunga and his son Mora, had attacked a Kuki settlement ten miles south of Silchar belonging to Seyahpow. The raid saw 29 people killed and 42 captives taken. Lallianvunga and Mora would subsequently attack the village of Chief Leelong and burn it down before withdrawing back.
Lister's Expedition
The government resolved on a strong response. The King of Hill Tipperah, Ishan Chandra Manikya, was ordered to summon the guilty chiefs and their warriors to release the captives. The British warned him that if he was unable to fulfil the demand, the British would march a force into his territory to enforce justice.
Colonel Lister, the commandant of the Sylhet Infantry and Agent for the Khasi Hills was made responsible for the expedition. Lister was instructed to not heed to any land disputes or claims by the King of Tripura in regards to British holdings. Inquiries showed that the Sylhet raid was far within British territory along with the Cachar raid. Friendly Kuki scouts reported that the attacking party belonged to Khojawal or the Kachak tribe. The settlement was established two days march southeast of Chutterchoora. The Kuki scouts offered to join the expedition to the settlements of the tribe.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan%20C.%20Stam
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Allan C. Stam
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Democracy and the nature of war
Building on his research interests, Stam studied why democracies win wars–focused on military effectiveness, and concluded that superior logistics, initiative, and leadership led to stronger battlefield performance. However, he highlighted that these advantages diminished in prolonged conflicts, and after 18 months of war, autocracies persisted and ultimately gained the upper hand through their military-industrial capacity and strategy. In 1999, he published Win, Lose, Or Draw: Domestic Politics and the Crucible of War. He argued that war outcomes are shaped not only by resources but, crucially, by domestic politics and strategy choice. Subsequently, in 2002, he co-wrote a book titled Democracies at War, which Brandon Valeriano described as "an important empirical contribution to the fields of political science and military strategy."
Leaders and leadership
Stam's 2005 study documented that older leaders were likelier to initiate and escalate militarized disputes, particularly in democracies and intermediate regimes, excluding personalist regimes. He found that leaders with military service and former rebels were more likely to initiate militarized disputes, while combat veterans did so mainly in weak civilian regimes. He further emphasized that leader attributes, particularly combat experience, influenced their military assessments and threat effectiveness in international conflicts. In his book, Why Leaders Fight, he explored how national leaders' life experiences and personal traits shaped their decisions on war and peace. Kirkus Reviews stated that the book was willing to challenge tradition without using "strident rhetoric." They further added, "This is a valuable contribution to the study of leadership and international relations in general." In 2004, he co-authored The Behavioral Origins of War, which Philip A. Schrodt praised as "potentially the last important one," and Lawrence D. Freedman noted that the authors "offer an ever more refined analysis."
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78727378
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denys%20Gillam
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Denys Gillam
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Gillam was shot down on 23 November, off the coast of Dunkirk. Wounded in the legs, he was collected by a Search & Rescue vessel dispatched from Goodwin Sands while his squadron provided aerial cover. Hospitalised for a time, he relinquished command of the squadron. During his period of recovery, he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO). The published citation read:
Wing command
In January 1942, Gillam was sent to the United States to conduct a lecture tour for American flying personnel and on his return two months later, formed the first wing equipped with the new Hawker Typhoon fighter at Duxford. He was promoted to temporary wing commander at this time. The introduction to service of the Typhoon was troubled but by August Gillam's command included Nos. 56, 266 and 609 Squadrons. Its first major operation was in the Dieppe Raid of 19 August, when it was part of the aerial cover for the landings. Gillam led the wing on its first sortie of the day but this was uneventful. On a subsequent sortie in the afternoon, there was contact with the Luftwaffe and Gillam damaged a Focke Wulf 190 fighter over the English Channel. Gillam made one final sortie in the late afternoon but returned early with a loose panel on the wing of his aircraft.
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78727404
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/When%20Fishes%20Flew%3A%20The%20Story%20of%20Elena%27s%20War
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When Fishes Flew: The Story of Elena's War
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When Fishes Flew: The Story of Elena's War is a British children's novel written by Michael Morpurgo, and illustrated by George Butler It was published by HarperCollins and released in 2021.
Plot
Nandi, an Australian-Greek seventeen-year-old girl, decides to visit her great-aunt Elena in Ithaca, because Elena no longer travels to Australia to visit her family there, due to her age. Upon arrival on the island, Nandi discovers that her aunt is missing. She sets out to find her missing aunt, and as she walks on the beach pondering just how to do that, she encounters shoals of small black fish, and one much bigger flying fish, a "magical fish", who is the incarnation of the Greek god Proteus, who can speak, and who can explain to Nandi the reasons her Aunt Elena is missing, and how she came to be a Greek hero of World War II.
Background
Morpurgo said he was inspired to write the novel because of "two strange stories that happened in the same day". He noted how he went on holiday with his wife to Ithaca, and the couple was staying at a house on the beach, and they came to realize that this beach was where, according to legend, Odysseus walked when he came back from the Trojan War. In the first strange story, he explained as he was sitting on the beach with his wife in the evenings, reading a book, he also observed a Greek family who came down to the shore about the same time every day. On one of those evenings, "the older lady of the family beckoned us to come over". So the couple went over to visit, and the woman "cupped her hands in the water and picked up a flying fish. She said, 'they talk, you know', and stroked the top of the fish's head and the fish made a blabbing, gibberish sort of talking noise".
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caritas%20Montenegro
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Caritas Montenegro
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Addressing youth unemployment and emigration is another priority for Caritas Montenegro. The organisation aims to create job opportunities for young people and prepare them for the labour market. Cooperation with the national Employment Agency of Montenegro began as early as 2000.
In the social field, Caritas has also been active in home care for the elderly.. Additionally, the diocesan Caritas of Kotor operates a soup kitchen in Tivat.
Humanitarian action remains a key pillar of Caritas Montenegro's work. The organisation provided emergency assistance to refugees transiting Montenegro during the 2015 European migrant crisis and offered support to Ukrainian refugees following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Caritas also raises funds and collects humanitarian goods for its partner organisations in neighbouring countries responding to local disasters, such as the 2019 Albania earthquake or the 2024 Bosnia and Herzegovina floods.
Caritas Montenegro funds its work through donations and financial contributions from international partner organisations. It has also participated in several EU-funded regional and cross-border projects.
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74368478
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawazoe%20Keita
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Kawazoe Keita
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Early life and sumo background
Kawazoe hails from Udo, Kumamoto, the same hometown as the 8th yokozuna Shiranui Dakuemon and ōzeki Shōdai. When he was in nursery school, he took part in a local sumo tournament and recalls being thrown to the ground by a girl. Although they were fighting for fun, his ego was bruised and he vowed to continue sumo, eventually developing a passion for the sport as he became more and more involved in his club's activities. At high school, he enrolled at , a school with a good sumo club and several team and individual championship victories. There, Kawazoe became a high school yokozuna at the national championships. In 2015, he won the Hakuhō Cup individual championship (junior high school competition), and cites this competition as the moment when he decided to join Miyagino stable, in particular to become stronger by training with wrestlers of the same calibre as him (such as Ishiura and Enhō). After graduating from high school, he joined Nihon University's sumo club, where he became the classmate of future makuuchi-ranked wrestler Takerufuji. There, he also won the title of student yokozuna in 2021, by defeating the reigning champion Hidetora Hanada at the All Japan College Championships. During his year at Nihon University, observers noted that he had quickly won the university's black mawashi, a symbol of the club's veteran wrestlers. During the same period, he however suffered a partially torn right Achilles tendon and a torn right hamstring, which delayed his decision to become a professional. With this last amateur yokozuna title, Kawazoe finally decided to turn pro, as he was still eligible to enter professional sumo using the makushita tsukedashi system. As expected, he joined Miyagino stable where his fellow Nihon University classmate was already wrestling.
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74368695
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summerton%20Athletic%20F.C.
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Summerton Athletic F.C.
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Summerton Athletic Football Club was a Scottish association football club based in Govan, now part of Glasgow.
History
The club was founded in 1885 as a junior club; after success in local junior competitions, the club turned senior in 1889, by joining the Scottish Football Association, replacing the now-defunct Govan Athletic as members, the Govan secretary William Hanna (an Irish-born commercial clerk) taking over as secretary of Summerton.
Even a club as obscure as Summerton had suffered from the professionalism in the English game, losing John Smith and Robert Bryson to Elswick Rangers before the start of the 1889–90 season. The club at least started its senior career on a positive note, with an easy 5–1 win over Clydesdale, and it gained a walkover in the first round of the 1889–90 Scottish Cup, after Temperance Athletic scratched. Reality soon struck - in the first round of the Glasgow Cup, the club lost 4–1 at home to Partick Thistle, and in the second round of the national cup, the club was drawn away at Queen's Park. The home side scored 5 when playing against the wind and eased off when they had reached 11.
The club's consolation came in the Govan Jubilee Cup, which it won for the first time, beating Fairfield 1–0 in the final, at the first Ibrox Park, in front of 2,000 spectators. It was the prelude to the club's best season. In 1890–91, the club reached the third round of the Scottish Cup for the only time, albeit only winning one tie, 2–1 against Ayr Parkhouse in the second round, after Whifflet Shamrock withdrew before the first. in the third round, at 3rd L.R.V., Smith gave the club a surprise early lead, but the Volunteers came back to win 8–1.
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74369126
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepdog
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Stepdog
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Stepdog is a 1983 children's book by Marlene Fanta Shyer, with illustrations by Judith Schermer. Shyer's story revolves around a girl's excitement over her father's new wife, and the jealousy the latter's pet dog develops after they wed. It received positive reviews, and several publications throughout the 1980s discussed its portrayal of stepfamily dynamics.
Plot
A girl named Terry is excited that her father will soon marry a new wife, Marilyn, as they all move to a summer lakeshore home. The father is confident his daughter will enjoy the company of Marilyn's pet dog, Hoover, who can "shake hands, run fast, and wag his tail at sixty miles an hour". But Hoover develops strong apathy over the thought of the marriage, leading to his jealousy and misbehavior soon after. Through consoling him and dreaming of herself as a dog, Terry comes to terms with the dog's feelings. On a later morning, she wakes up to the sight of various shoes the jealous canine collected from the family for several days, and the two thank each other in the process. The story ends with a family lake race where Terry wins and Hoover is runner-up, and Terry's confession that she likes her "stepdog" after all.
Background
Philadelphia artist Judith Schermer's pen-and-ink illustrations for Stepdog marked the second and final appearance of her work in children's literature (despite having several forthcoming projects at the time); from that point onward, she continued her career as a painter.
Thematic analysis
The title Stepdog, in the view of Marilyn Coleman and Lawrence H. Ganong, "is a metaphor for [being] a stepchild." According to Joe Bearden in the School Library Journal, "Poor Hoover's plight paints a sympathetic picture of a dog suffering human-like emotional disorientation due to the change in his family." Amid Terry's delight about her dad's remarriage, readers relating to her character arc "may see some of their own adjustment issues in Hoover's troubles" ().
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74369182
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024%20Maltese%20local%20elections
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2024 Maltese local elections
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Local council elections were held in Malta and Gozo on 8 June 2024, in tandem with the European Parliament elections. This is the second time that all local councils of Malta shall be elected simultaneously in a single election, following the 2015 reform abolishing the previous system of half-council elections.
Background
Previous election
The Labour Party won an absolute majority of 268 local council seats and 48 mayoralties in the 2019 local elections, swiping control of several village councils from the Nationalist Party in a wave of electoral successes for said PL, most significant of all being the flip of Siġġiewi from PN to PL. Since the 2019 election, a firm Labour bloc in the central-south regions of Malta can be found.
Only two independents were elected in two councils in Malta and Gozo. Steven Zammit Lupi was elected to the Żebbuġ local council in Malta, and Nicky Saliba, ex-PN mayor of Żebbuġ in Gozo, was elected as an independent and managed to deadlock the council there, finally resulting in his re-election as mayor. Malta uses the single transferable vote system in all elections.
Party developments
Several parties have been founded since 2019.
Floriana First (Maltese: Floriana I-Ewwel), and Għarb First (Maltese: Għarb l-Ewwel), both unrelated localist parties, were registered immediately after the election having previously participated as ad hoc groups. The leaders are Nigel Holland and David Apap Agius respectively.
The People's Party (Maltese: Partit Popolari), a right-wing conservative anti-immigration party, was founded sometime around the summer of 2021 by Mr. Paul Salomone, starting the registration process with the Electoral Commission in June. It held its first founding press conference in November 2020. It is considered to have replaced the since-2020 inactive Moviment Patrijotti Maltin even if they are unrelated.
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74369361
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakayama%20Tadamitsu
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Nakayama Tadamitsu
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Nakayama Tadamitsu's grave is located within the precincts of Nakayama Jinja in what is now the city of Shimonoseki. He was initially buried at the place of the assassination, but the Tokugawa shogunate ordered that he be exhumed and taken to Hiroshima for an autopsy. The body made it as far as Shimonoseki, where it was stolen by sympathizers and buried at the present location. The current gravestone was erected in October 1934 and gives his name as "Fujiwara Tadamitsu" as the Nakamura clan was a cadet branch of the Fujiwara family. Made of granite, the 1.7 meters high monument is surrounded by a 3.6 meter square fence. The grave was designated a National Historic Site in 1941. It is about a ten-minute walk from Ayaragi Station on the JR West San'in Main Line.
His wife Tomi gave birth to a daughter, Nakayama Naka, after Tadamitsu's death. She married into the Saga family, which had close ties to the Nakayama. Her granddaughter was Hiro Saga, who married in 1937 to Pujie, the younger brother of Puyi, the last monarch of the Qing dynasty of China and the emperor of Manchukuo between 1932 and 1945.
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74369497
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanya%20Sesser
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Kanya Sesser
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Kanya Sesser (born September 1992) is an American para-athlete and model. She is known for having had a lifelong congenital absence of both legs. She was born in Thailand, was raised in Portland, Oregon, and currently lives in California.
Biography
Early life and education
Sesser was born in 1992 with a congenital absence of both legs. As an infant, she was abandoned outside a Buddhist temple in Pak Chong, Thailand. She was found by a woman passing by on 13 September 1992, who picked up the baby Sesser, washed the debris off, and called the city police to take the baby to the hospital. There, Sesser spent the next few years under the care of hospital staff, especially a nurse whom she called Mae (mother) Chan, as the police unsuccessfully searched for her birth family.
In May 1998, Sesser was adopted by an American family and came to the Pacific Northwest, where her adoptive parents raised her in Portland, Oregon. She found it hard to integrate and could not speak English until the age of nine. She also taught herself to walk on her hands. Sesser also had several surgeries on her hands due to having had webbed fingers on one hand and an extra finger on the other. In her childhood, Sesser tried adaptive sports, such as wheelchair basketball, racing, tennis, and rugby.
At the age of 15, Sesser began modeling for sports brands such as Billabong. She also was never bullied at school, was a cheerleader until freshman year of high school, and almost became voted prom queen.
Career
As an adult, Sesser lives in California. She planned to compete at the 2018 Winter Paralympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea. She also played Rosey Valera, a professional surfer, in Hawaii Five-0, as well as playing a stunt zombie in The Walking Dead. She participates in sports such as skateboarding, surfing, snowboarding, skiing, and basketball.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient%20Africa
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Ancient Africa
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The Phoenicians were Mediterranean seamen in constant search for valuable metals such as copper, gold, tin, and lead. They began to populate the North African coast with settlements—trading and mixing with the native Berber population. In 814 BC, Phoenicians from Tyre established the city of Carthage. By 600 BC, Carthage had become a major trading entity and power in the Mediterranean, largely through trade with tropical Africa. Carthage's prosperity fostered the growth of the Berber kingdoms, Numidia and Mauretania. Around 500 BC, Carthage provided a strong impetus for trade with Sub-Saharan Africa. Berber middlemen, who had maintained contacts with Sub-Saharan Africa since the desert had desiccated, used pack animals to transfer products from oasis to oasis. Danger lurked from the Garamantes of Fez, who raided caravans. Salt and metal goods were traded for gold, slaves, beads, and ivory.
The Carthaginians were rivals to the Greeks and Romans. Carthage fought the Punic Wars, three wars with Rome: the First Punic War (264 to 241 BC), over Sicily; the Second Punic War (218 to 201 BC), in which Hannibal invaded Europe; and the Third Punic War (149 to 146 BC). Carthage lost the first two wars, and in the third it was destroyed, becoming the Roman province of Africa, with the Berber Kingdom of Numidia assisting Rome. The Roman province of Africa became a major agricultural supplier of wheat, olives, and olive oil to imperial Rome via exorbitant taxation. Two centuries later, Rome brought the Berber kingdoms of Numidia and Mauretania under its authority. In the 420's AD, Vandals invaded North Africa and Rome lost her territories, subsequently the Berber kingdoms regained their independence.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient%20Africa
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Ancient Africa
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In the Mercenary War (241-238 BC), a rebellion was instigated by mercenary soldiers of Carthage and African allies. Berber soldiers participated after being unpaid following the defeat of Carthage in the First Punic War. Berbers succeeded in obtaining control of much of Carthage's North African territory, and they minted coins bearing the name Libyan, used in Greek to describe natives of North Africa. The Carthaginian state declined because of successive defeats by the Romans in the Punic Wars; in 146 BC the city of Carthage was destroyed. As Carthaginian power waned, the influence of Berber leaders in the hinterland grew. By the 2nd century BC, several large but loosely administered Berber kingdoms had emerged. Two of them were established in Numidia, behind the coastal areas controlled by Carthage. West of Numidia lay Mauretania, which extended across the Moulouya River in Morocco to the Atlantic Ocean. The high point of Berber civilization, unequaled until the coming of the Almohads and Almoravid dynasty more than a millennium later, was reached during the reign of Masinissa in the 2nd century BC. After Masinissa's death in 148 BC, the Berber kingdoms were divided and reunited several times. Masinissa's line survived until 24 AD, when the remaining Berber territory was annexed to the Roman Empire.
Macrobia and the Barbari City States
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74369650
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient%20Africa
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Ancient Africa
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The beginnings of the Roman imperial decline seemed less serious in North Africa than elsewhere. However, uprisings did take place. In 238 AD, landowners rebelled unsuccessfully against imperial fiscal policies. Sporadic tribal revolts in the Mauretanian mountains followed from 253 to 288, during the Crisis of the Third Century. The towns also suffered economic difficulties, and building activity almost ceased.
The towns of Roman North Africa had a substantial Jewish population. Some Jews had been deported from Judea or Palestine in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD for rebelling against Roman rule; others had come earlier with Punic settlers. In addition, a number of Berber tribes had converted to Judaism.
Christianity arrived in the 2nd century and soon gained converts in the towns and among slaves. More than eighty bishops, some from distant frontier regions of Numidia, attended the Council of Carthage (256) in 256. By the end of the 4th century, the settled areas had become Christianized, and some Berber tribes had converted en masse.
A division in the church that came to be known as the Donatist heresy began in 313 among Christians in North Africa. The Donatists stressed the holiness of the church and refused to accept the authority to administer the sacraments of those who had surrendered the scriptures when they were forbidden under the Emperor Diocletian (reigned 284–305). The Donatists also opposed the involvement of Constantine the Great (reigned 306–337) in church affairs in contrast to the majority of Christians who welcomed official imperial recognition.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient%20Africa
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Ancient Africa
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Dhar Tichitt and Oualata in present-day Mauritania figure prominently among the early urban centers, dated to 2,000 BC. About 500 stone settlements litter the region in the former savannah of the Sahara. Its inhabitants fished and grew millet. It has been found Augustin Holl that the Soninke of the Mandé peoples were likely responsible for constructing such settlements. Around 300 BC the region became more desiccated and the settlements began to decline, most likely relocating to Koumbi Saleh. Architectural evidence and the comparison of pottery styles suggest that Dhar Tichitt was related to the subsequent Ghana Empire. Djenné-Djenno (in present-day Mali) was settled around 300 BC, and the town grew to house a sizable Iron Age population, as evidenced by crowded cemeteries. Living structures were made of sun-dried mud. By 250 BC Djenné-Djenno had become a large, thriving market town. Towns similar to that at Djenne-Jeno also developed at the site of Dia, also in Mali along the Niger River, from around 900 BC.
Farther south, in central Nigeria, around 1,500 BC, the Nok culture developed in Jos Plateau. It was a highly centralized community. The Nok people produced lifelike representations in terracotta, including human heads and human figures, elephants, and other animals. By 500 BC they were smelting iron. By 200 AD the Nok culture had vanished. Based on stylistic similarities with the Nok terracottas, the bronze figurines of the Yoruba kingdom of Ife and those of the Bini kingdom of Benin are now believed to be continuations of the traditions of the earlier Nok culture.
Bantu expansion
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient%20Africa
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Ancient Africa
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The Bantu expansion involved a significant movement of people in African history and in the settling of the continent. People speaking Bantu languages (a branch of the Niger–Congo family) began in the second millennium BC to spread from Cameroon eastward to the Great Lakes region. In the first millennium BC, Bantu languages spread from the Great Lakes to southern and east Africa. One early movement headed south to the upper Zambezi valley in the 2nd century BC. Then Bantu-speakers pushed westward to the savannahs of present-day Angola and eastward into Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe in the 1st century AD. The second thrust from the Great Lakes was eastward, 2,000 years ago, expanding to the Indian Ocean coast, Kenya and Tanzania. The eastern group eventually met the southern migrants from the Great Lakes in Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Both groups continued southward, with eastern groups continuing to Mozambique and reaching Maputo in the 2nd century AD, and expanding as far as Durban.
By the later first millennium AD, the expansion had reached the Great Kei River in present-day South Africa. Sorghum, a major Bantu crop, could not thrive under the winter rainfall of Namibia and the western Cape. Khoisan people inhabited the remaining parts of southern Africa.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval%20and%20early%20modern%20Africa
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Medieval and early modern Africa
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Around the 9th century AD, the central Sudanic Empire of Kanem, with its capital at Njimi, was founded by the Kanuri-speaking nomads. Kanem arose by engaging in the trans-Saharan trade. It exchanged slaves captured by raiding the south for horses from North Africa, which in turn aided in the acquisition of slaves. By the late 11th century, the Islamic Sayfawa (Saifawa) dynasty was founded by Humai (Hummay) ibn Salamna. The Sayfawa dynasty ruled for 771 years, making it one of the longest-lasting dynasties in human history. In addition to trade, taxation of local farms around Kanem became a source of state income. Kanem reached its peak under Mai (king) Dunama Dibalemi ibn Salma (1210–1248). The empire reportedly was able to field 40,000 cavalry, and it extended from Fezzan in the north to the Sao state in the south. Islam became firmly entrenched in the empire. Pilgrimages to Mecca were common; Cairo had hostels set aside specifically for pilgrims from Kanem.
Bornu Empire
The Kanuri people led by the Sayfuwa migrated to the west and south of Lake Chad, where they established the Bornu Empire. By the late 16th century the Bornu empire had expanded and recaptured the parts of Kanem that had been conquered by the Bulala. Satellite states of Bornu included the Damagaram in the west and Baguirmi to the southeast of Lake Chad.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval%20and%20early%20modern%20Africa
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Medieval and early modern Africa
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The birth of Islam opposite Somalia's Red Sea coast meant that Somali merchants and sailors living on the Arabian Peninsula gradually came under the influence of the new religion through their converted Arab Muslim trading partners. With the migration of Muslim families from the Islamic world to Somalia in the early centuries of Islam, and the peaceful conversion of the Somali population by Somali Muslim scholars in the following centuries, the ancient city-states eventually transformed into Islamic Mogadishu, Berbera, Zeila, Barawa and Merka, which were part of the Barbar (the medieval Arab term for the ancestors of the modern Somalis) civilization. The city of Mogadishu came to be known as the City of Islam and controlled the East African gold trade for several centuries.
During this period, sultanates such as the Ajuran Empire and the Sultanate of Mogadishu, and republics like Barawa, Merca and Hobyo and their respective ports flourished and had a lucrative foreign commerce with ships sailing to and coming from Arabia, India, Venice, Persia, Egypt, Portugal and as far away as China. Vasco da Gama, who passed by Mogadishu in the 15th century, noted that it was a large city with houses four or five stories high and big palaces in its centre, in addition to many mosques with cylindrical minarets.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval%20and%20early%20modern%20Africa
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Medieval and early modern Africa
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In an attempt to bring about a purer form of Islam among the Sanhaja Berbers, Abdallah ibn Yasin founded the Almoravid movement in present-day Mauritania and Western Sahara. The Sanhaja Berbers, like the Soninke, practiced an indigenous religion alongside Islam. Abdallah ibn Yasin found ready converts in the Lamtuna Sanhaja, who were dominated by the Soninke in the south and the Zenata Berbers in the north. By the 1040s, all of the Lamtuna was converted to the Almoravid movement. With the help of Yahya ibn Umar and his brother Abu Bakr ibn Umar, the sons of the Lamtuna chief, the Almoravids created an empire extending from the Sahel to the Mediterranean. After the death of Abdallah ibn Yassin and Yahya ibn Umar, Abu Bakr split the empire in half, between himself and Yusuf ibn Tashfin, because it was too big to be ruled by one individual. Abu Bakr took the south to continue fighting the Soninke, and Yusuf ibn Tashfin took the north, expanding it to southern Spain. The death of Abu Bakr in 1087 saw a breakdown of unity and increase military dissension in the south. This caused a re-expansion of the Soninke. The Almoravids were once held responsible for bringing down the Ghana Empire in 1076, but this view is no longer credited.
During the 10th through 13th centuries, there was a large-scale movement of bedouins out of the Arabian Peninsula. About 1050, a quarter of a million Arab nomads from Egypt moved into the Maghreb. Those following the northern coast were referred to as Banu Hilal. Those going south of the Atlas Mountains were the Banu Sulaym. This movement spread the use of the Arabic language and hastened the decline of the Berber language and the Arabisation of North Africa. Later an Arabised Berber group, the Hawwara, went south to Nubia via Egypt.
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Medieval and early modern Africa
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In the 1140s, Abd al-Mu'min declared jihad on the Almoravids, charging them with decadence and corruption. He united the northern Berbers against the Almoravids, overthrowing them and forming the Almohad Empire. During this period, the Maghreb became thoroughly Islamised and saw the spread of literacy, the development of algebra, and the use of the number zero and decimals. By the 13th century, the Almohad states had split into three rival states. Muslim states were largely extinguished in the Iberian Peninsula by the Christian kingdoms of Castile, Aragon, and Portugal. Around 1415, Portugal engaged in a reconquista of North Africa by capturing Ceuta, and in later centuries Spain and Portugal acquired other ports on the North African coast. In 1492, at the end of the Granada War, Spain defeated Muslims in the Emirate of Granada, effectively ending eight centuries of Muslim domination in southern Iberia.
Portugal and Spain took the ports of Tangiers, Algiers, Tripoli, and Tunis. This put them in direct competition with the Ottoman Empire, which re-took the ports using Turkish corsairs (pirates and privateers). The Turkish corsairs would use the ports for raiding Christian ships, a major source of booty for the towns. Technically, North Africa was under the control of the Ottoman Empire, but only the coastal towns were fully under Istanbul's control. Tripoli benefited from trade with Borno. The pashas of Tripoli traded horses, firearms, and armor via Fez with the sultans of the Bornu Empire for slaves.
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Medieval and early modern Africa
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During the 1160s, Fatimid Egypt came under threat from European crusaders. Out of this threat, a Kurdish general named Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb (Saladin), with a small band of professional soldiers, emerged as an outstanding Muslim defender. Saladin defeated the Christian crusaders at Egypt's borders and recaptured Jerusalem in 1187. On the death of Al-Adid, the last Fatimid caliph, in 1171, Saladin became the ruler of Egypt, ushering in the Ayyubid dynasty. Under his rule, Egypt returned to Sunni Islam, Cairo became an important center of Arab Islamic learning, and Mamluk slaves were increasingly recruited from Turkey and southern Russia for military service. Support for the military was tied to the iqta, a form of land taxation in which soldiers were given ownership in return for military service.
Over time, Mamluk slave soldiers became a very powerful landed aristocracy, to the point of getting rid of the Ayyubid dynasty in 1250 and establishing a Mamluk dynasty. The more powerful Mamluks were referred to as amirs. For 250 years, Mamluks controlled all of Egypt under a military dictatorship. Egypt extended her territories to Syria and Palestine, thwarted the crusaders, and halted a Mongol invasion in 1260 at the Battle of Ain Jalut. Mamluk Egypt came to be viewed as a protector of Islam, and of Medina and Mecca. Eventually the iqta system declined and proved unreliable for providing an adequate military. The Mamluks started viewing their iqta as hereditary and became attuned to urban living. Farm production declined, and dams and canals lapsed into disrepair. Mamluk military skill and technology did not keep pace with new technology of handguns and cannons.
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By 641, Egypt was conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate. This effectively blocked Christian Nubia and Aksum from Mediterranean Christendom. In 651–652, Arabs from Egypt invaded Christian Nubia. Nubian archers soundly defeated the invaders. The Baqt (or Bakt) Treaty was drawn, recognizing Christian Nubia and regulating trade. The treaty controlled relations between Christian Nubia and Islamic Egypt for almost six hundred years.
By the 13th century, Christian Nubia began its decline. The authority of the monarchy was diminished by the church and nobility. Arab bedouin tribes began to infiltrate Nubia, causing further havoc. Fakirs (holy men) practicing Sufism introduced Islam into Nubia. By 1366, Nubia had become divided into petty fiefdoms when it was invaded by Mamluks. During the 15th century, Nubia was open to Arab immigration. Arab nomads intermingled with the population and introduced the Arab culture and the Arabic language. By the 16th century, Makuria and Nobadia had been Islamized. During the 16th century, Abdallah Jamma headed an Arab confederation that destroyed Soba, capital of Alodia, the last holdout of Christian Nubia. Later Alodia would fall under the Funj Sultanate.
During the 15th century, Funj herders migrated north to Alodia and occupied it. Between 1504 and 1505, the kingdom expanded, reaching its peak and establishing its capital at Sennar under Badi II Abu Daqn ( – 1680). By the end of the 16th century, the Funj had converted to Islam. They pushed their empire westward to Kordofan. They expanded eastward, but were halted by Ethiopia. They controlled Nubia down to the 3rd Cataract. The economy depended on captured enemies to fill the army and on merchants travelling through Sennar. Under Badi IV (1724–1762), the army turned on the king, making him nothing but a figurehead. In 1821, the Funj were conquered by Muhammad Ali (1805–1849), Pasha of Egypt.
Southern Africa
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Medieval and early modern Africa
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Settlements of Bantu-speaking peoples who were iron-using agriculturists and herdsmen were long already well established south of the Limpopo River by the 4th century CE, displacing and absorbing the original Khoisan speakers. They slowly moved south, and the earliest ironworks in modern-day KwaZulu-Natal Province are believed to date from around 1050. The southernmost group was the Xhosa people, whose language incorporates certain linguistic traits from the earlier Khoi-San people, reaching the Great Fish River in today's Eastern Cape Province.
Great Zimbabwe and Mapungubwe
The Kingdom of Mapungubwe was the first state in Southern Africa, with its capital at Mapungubwe. The state arose in the 12th century CE. Its wealth came from controlling the trade in ivory from the Limpopo Valley, copper from the mountains of northern Transvaal, and gold from the Zimbabwe Plateau between the Limpopo and Zambezi rivers, with the Swahili merchants at Chibuene. By the mid-13th century, Mapungubwe was abandoned.
After the decline of Mapungubwe, Great Zimbabwe rose on the Zimbabwe Plateau. Zimbabwe means stone building. Great Zimbabwe was the first city in Southern Africa and was the center of an empire, consolidating lesser Shona polities. Stone building was inherited from Mapungubwe. These building techniques were enhanced and came into maturity at Great Zimbabwe, represented by the wall of the Great Enclosure. The dry-stack stone masonry technology was also used to build smaller compounds in the area. Great Zimbabwe flourished by trading with Swahili Kilwa and Sofala. The rise of Great Zimbabwe parallels the rise of Kilwa. Great Zimbabwe was a major source of gold. Its royal court lived in luxury, wore Indian cotton, surrounded themselves with copper and gold ornaments, and ate on plates from as far away as Persia and China. Around the 1420s and 1430s, Great Zimbabwe was on decline. The city was abandoned by 1450. Some have attributed the decline to the rise of the trading town Ingombe Ilede.
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Medieval and early modern Africa
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Traditionally, the Yoruba people viewed themselves as the inhabitants of a united empire, in contrast to the situation today, in which "Yoruba" is the cultural-linguistic designation for speakers of a language in the Niger–Congo family. The name comes from a Hausa word to refer to the Oyo Empire. The first Yoruba state was Ile-Ife, said to have been founded around 1000 AD by a supernatural figure, the first oni Oduduwa. Oduduwa's sons would be the founders of the different city-states of the Yoruba, and his daughters would become the mothers of the various Yoruba obas, or kings. Yoruba city-states were usually governed by an oba and an iwarefa, a council of chiefs who advised the oba. by the 18th century, the Yoruba city-states formed a loose confederation, with the Oni of Ife as the head and Ife as the capital. As time went on, the individual city-states became more powerful with their obas assuming more powerful spiritual positions and diluting the authority of the Oni of Ife. Rivalry became intense among the city-states.
The Oyo Empire rose in the 16th century. The Oyo state had been conquered in 1550 by the kingdom of Nupe, which was in possession of cavalry, an important tactical advantage. The alafin (king) of Oyo was sent into exile. After returning, Alafin Orompoto ( – 1580) built up an army based on heavily armed cavalry and long-service troops. This made them invincible in combat on the northern grasslands and in the thinly wooded forests. By the end of the 16th century, Oyo had added the western region of the Niger to the hills of Togo, the Yoruba of Ketu, Dahomey, and the Fon nation.
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Monte Gonare
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Territory
The mountain complex consists of three peaks; Gonare (1,083 meters), Gonareddu (1,045 meters) and Punta Lotzori (976 meters). Geomorphologically, it consists of limestone rocks. However, the area surrounding the mountain appears to be very diverse, with outcrops of compact, coarse-grained granites that are light gray in color. Events related to the Hercynian orogeny resulted in uplift and deformation leading to the intrusion of granites and uplift of the metamorphic cover. Contact metamorphism produced deposits of hornfel, marble, and talc, which were exploited as stone materials in the past.
On the highest peak (Gonare) is a small church, dedicated to Our Lady of Gonare, dating from around the 17th century. On September 8 each year a festival is held there, which is organized alternately by the communities of Sarule and Orani.
Climate
The climate of the Mount Gonare area is a Mediterranean climate characterized by a rainfall regime concentrated in the autumn and winter months, with amounts varying, depending on altitude, between 700 and 1,000 millimeters per year. Snowfall may occur infrequently. Average temperatures are between 11 and 15 degrees Celsius. The dominant winds are from the western quadrants.
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