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77360015
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamyenyets%20Ghetto
|
Kamyenyets Ghetto
|
Kamyenyets Ghetto (summer 1941 - November 1942) was a Nazi Jewish ghetto established during the Nazi occupation of Belarus, served as a place of forced resettlement for Jews from Kamyenyets (Kamyenyets-Litovsky) in the Brest region and nearby settlements. This ghetto was part of the broader persecution and extermination of Jews during World War II.
Occupation of Kamyenyets and creation of the ghetto
According to the 1939 census, 3,909 Jews lived in Kamyenyets, making up 92.1% of the city's population.
Kamyenyets was captured by German troops on June 23, 1941, and the occupation lasted until June 22, 1944. The first victim of the war in Kamyenyets was a Jewish woman, killed by a German shell fragment on the first day of the occupation.
The killings of Jews began immediately. The Germans prioritized eliminating Jewish men aged 15 to 50, whom they perceived as potential resisters, despite the economic disadvantage of killing able-bodied individuals. By early July 1941, the Germans conducted their first "action" (mass murder), killing 108 young Jews 2 kilometers from the city. Jews were forced to sew yellow badges onto their clothing and affix yellow stars to their homes.
In August 1941, all Jews in Kamyenyets were deported to the Pruzhany ghetto. However, due to overcrowding, they were allowed to return after 2-3 weeks.
Upon their return, Jews were confined to two ghettos - a large one and a small one. The large ghetto encompassed several streets, including Brzheskaya, Kobrinskaya (now Belova), Litovskaya (now Pivnenko), and others. The small ghetto was located around Asha, Brzeskaya (Brestskaya), and other streets. On January 1, 1942, both ghettos were merged into one.
Conditions in the ghetto
The Germans established a Judenrat (Jewish council) and an unarmed Jewish police force to maintain order. Periodically, the Judenrat was required to collect gold as "indemnities." The occupiers plundered Jewish homes with impunity.
| 2.5625
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77360073
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naftali%20Herz%20Halevy
|
Naftali Herz Halevy
|
Naftali Herz Halevi (October 26, 1852 – June 14, 1902) was the first Ashkenazi rabbi of Jaffa. He was engaged in both the revealed and hidden aspects of Torah and was a Kabbalist.
Biography
Naftali Herz Halevi was born in Bialystok to Rabbi Elijah Leib, a Rabbi. In 1884, he immigrated from Poland to Palestine, settling in the Mea Shearim neighborhood in Jerusalem where he founded a yeshiva.
In 1886, the Ashkenazi community in Jaffa was founded, and Rabbi Halevi was sent to serve as its rabbi by the rabbis of Jerusalem, Rabbi Shmuel Salant and Rabbi Yehoshua Leib Diskin. He established Jewish life in the city and its colonies, focusing on the observance of mitzvot dependent on the land.
In 1891, the Ashkenazi and Sephardi communities in Jaffa united, and Rabbi Halevi was appointed to lead the united community with the consent of Yechiel Michel Pines and Yoel Moshe Salomon on behalf of the Ashkenazim, and Aharon Shlush and Rabbi Yaakov Meir on behalf of the Sephardim. This made Rabbi Halevi the highest rabbinical authority in Jaffa and a symbol of the possibility of unity between Sephardim and Ashkenazim in Israel.
| 2.09375
| 0
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77360650
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annexation%20of%20Savoy
|
Annexation of Savoy
|
The term annexation of Savoy to France is used to describe the union of all of Savoy—including the future departments of Savoy and Haute-Savoie, which corresponded to the eponymous duchy—and the County of Nice, which was then an integral part of the Kingdom of Sardinia, with France (Second Empire) in 1860. This union is expressed in the French version of the Treaty of Turin.
Despite the country's history of occupation and annexation by various powers, including the French (from 1536 to 1559, from 1600 to 1601, 1689, and then from 1703 to 1713) and the Spaniards (from 1742 to 1748), the expression in question pertains to the "union" clause outlined in Article 1 of the Treaty of Turin of March 24, 1860. This clause concerns the joint rule of France and the Savoy during the Carolingian Empire. The expression is also used about the "union" clause in Article 1 of the Treaty of Turin of March 24, 1860, which pertains to the historical fact that France and Savoy had been jointly ruled during the Carolingian Empire. This occurred on seven occasions: first, from 749; then, during the Revolution from 1792 to 1814; and finally, on five occasions by France between 1860 and 1947.
Terminology
Use of terms
The terminology employed to designate this period is variable, and four terms have become established in usage: "annexation," "union," "cession," and "attachment."
| 2.515625
| 0
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77360650
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annexation%20of%20Savoy
|
Annexation of Savoy
|
On the following day, March 29, 1860, the radical Geneva deputy John Perrier, who was known as Perrier-le-Rouge and had previously worked as a goldsmith, accompanied by an armed Swiss delegation, went to Thonon-les-Bains intending to incite an uprising. However, upon their arrival, they were met with insults and jeers from the local inhabitants. They sought refuge in Évian-les-Bains but were subsequently expelled and removed from the premises aboard the vessel designated "Italy," which was bound for Lausanne. The authorities of Chambéry and Annecy denounced the "maneuvers of all kinds in the city of Geneva and outside, aimed at detaching the provinces of Chablais, Faucigny, and even part of Annecy from the old Savoyard family." Upon his return to Switzerland, John Perrier was arrested. He was imprisoned in Geneva for 67 days before being released without conviction.
Savoy under the Second Empire
To commemorate the event, a series of traditional celebrations were held in the rural and urban communities of Savoy over several days. From August 27 to September 5, the French emperor, accompanied by Empress Eugénie, undertook a triumphant journey through the recently annexed French province. The imperial couple was greeted in Chambéry, Annecy, Thonon, Chamonix, Évian-les-Bains, Sallanches, Aix-les-Bains, and Bonneville with military parades, regional costume parades, organized balls, and lake promenades. On September 3, 1860, the Empress proceeded to the Bossons glacier and the Montenvers passed on a mule, subsequently continuing to the Mer de Glace.
The new administration
The Savoyard province was subdivided into two departments, each comprising multiple districts. In 1860, the province population was 542,535, with 267,496 residing in Haute-Savoie and 275,039 in Savoy.
79% of the population lived in agriculture,
80.8% of Haute-Savoie's inhabitants lived in localities with fewer than 2,000 souls,
84.5% of Savoy's inhabitants lived in localities with fewer than 2,000 souls.
| 2.75
| 0
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77360661
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journey%20of%20Manuel%20II%20to%20Western%20Europe
|
Journey of Manuel II to Western Europe
|
Between 1399 and 1403, the Byzantine Emperor, Manuel II, undertook a journey to Western Europe to obtain military support from Western powers. Promoted and aided by his friend, Jean II Le Maingre (known as "Boucicaut"), Manuel II visited various Western courts starting in Italy, and then moving to France and later England. He stayed in Paris for some time and received promises of aid, as he did in other European capitals, which ultimately did not materialize.
The news of the defeat of Bayezid, the greatest threat to the Byzantine Empire, at the hands of Timur at the Battle of Ankara, ultimately made his journey unnecessary, and Manuel II returned to Constantinople in 1403. Although Manuel II obtained a reprieve for the survival of his Empire, the journey already foreshadowed the scant Western support for his cause, which would be again demonstrated during the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, as Western Europe turned away from the East.
History
Background
The city of Constantinople underwent a protracted siege starting from 1394. Various attempts at support failed, such as during the Battle of Nicopolis, where Ottoman forces crushed the coalition led by the King of Hungary, Sigismund of Luxembourg. During these efforts, Jean II Le Maingre, known as "Boucicaut", welcomed as a hero by the population, managed, with a small contingent of French troops, to slightly alleviate the pressure on the city. After briefly considering giving the throne of the Byzantine Empire to Charles VI, Boucicaut and Manuel II decided to embark on a diplomatic journey to Western courts, so that Manuel II could obtain the military support necessary for the survival of his Empire.
Travel
| 2.921875
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77360752
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders%20Nielsen%20%28colonist%29
|
Anders Nielsen (colonist)
|
In another letter to Leyel, dated 20 December 1644, Nielsen describes how an Indian general from Thanjavur had appeared outside Tranquebar with a large army, demanding that the inhabitants give him 600 rigsdaler as a present. Subsequently, Nielsen rejected this, and in response, the general surrounded the town. A couple of days later, on Christmas Day, the general attacked the northern part of the town burning several houses. Concurrently, Nielsen attended church until the sermon ended and hastily drove the general away. However, at night, the Indian army launched a new attack at night, and the two belligerents joined battle at dawn. In the ensuing three-hour battle, Nielsen got injured in the arm, yet managed to drive away the Indian army.
As a result of the siege and previous debts to the Thanjavurian Nayak, Nielsen was sent on a diplomatic mission to Tanjore. With gifts to the value of 3.000 rigsdaler and heavy negotiation, Nielsen managed to persuade the Nayak to give compensation for the general's attack.
In 1646, on Leyel's request, Nielsen bought an Indian vessel which was renamed the St Peter and St Paul. On 1 February 1647, the St Peter and St Paul, with Nielsen as merchant, went on a voyage to the Sunda Islands to purchase things they lacked in Tranquebar. A year later, in February 1648, Leyel once again asked Nielsen to go on the regular voyage to Makassar with St Peter and St Paul. However, Nielsen refuses as a result of previous experiences with voyaging after the monsoon. It is unknown whether Nielsen acceded to Leyel's request, yet it is possible that Leyel's attempt to make Nielsen initiate the voyage may have finally sparked a revolt in 1648. In the subsequent revolt, Nielsen and other officials arrested Leyel on the basis of their discontent.
| 2.15625
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77360869
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanite%20%28mineral%29
|
Tasmanite (mineral)
|
Tasmanite, or Tasmanian amber (in the original sense of the word: “discovered in Tasmania”) — a rare regional mineraloid, a brownish-reddish fossilized organic resin from the island of Tasmania, formed in some deposits of the parent rock (tasmanite shale) and known by the same name: tasmanite.
Found in bituminized shales on the banks of the Mersey River (northern Tasmania), this mineral was examined and described in 1865 by Professor A. J. Church. Meanwhile, translucent tasmanite is not formed everywhere where there are deposits of the sedimentary rock of the same name, but only in some layers.
Over the next century and a half, almost no new evidence appeared about Tasmanian amber.
Origin and genesis
The parent rock, also called Tasmanite, is itself a special type of sedimentary rock of organic origin, common not only in Tasmania or Australia, but also throughout the globe. Tasmanite as a rock is a typical oil shale, - with a very high carbon content, formed from Late Permian and Carboniferous deposits of unicellular algae. In appearance, Tasmanite is a fossilized amorphous mass containing large quantities of remains of spores (cysts) and pollen. In its pure form, tasmanite consists almost entirely of flattened and compressed microspore shells. The initial forming substance is necroma of brackish-water seaweeds from the genus Tasmanites (; Newton, 1875). The color of the differences is always dark, mixed, the tonality varies depending on the location in the range from gray-brown to black; Due to the high spore content, most samples appear to be covered in yellow pollen. The same picture is visible on the tasmanite fracture.
| 3
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77360869
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanite%20%28mineral%29
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Tasmanite (mineral)
|
Properties and composition
The organic mineraloid, described under the name Tasmanite, was translucent even when not polished, standing out sharply against the background of the main rock. It had a reddish-brown or reddish-brown color and a waxy sheen. The hardness on the Mohs scale was approximately 2, and the density was significantly higher than that of amber, hovering around 1.8. The fracture of the mineral was conchoidal. Birefringence, dispersion and distinct pleochroism were absent.
Professor A. J. Church also investigated the chemical composition, within the limits of his capabilities. As it turned out, according to the results of the research, when heated, the mineral easily melted, emitting a strong odor, probably oil-like. Tasmanite also dissolved slowly in hydrochloric acid, ethyl alcohol and turpentine. According to analyzes of several samples, the mineral contained 79.34% carbon, 10.41% hydrogen, 4.93% oxygen and 5.32% sulfur — as you can see, the given figures add up to 100%. From here the approximate formula of tasmanite was derived: C40H124O2S. In addition to the high content of sulfur (organic sulfides), attention is drawn to the relatively high specific gravity of this substance.
| 2.25
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77361068
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics%20at%20the%202024%20Summer%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20high%20jump
|
Athletics at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's high jump
|
The men's high jump at the 2024 Summer Olympics was held in Paris, France, on 7 and 10 August 2024. This was the 30th time that the event was contested at the Summer Olympics.
Summary
Athletics (track and field) rulebooks all across the world provide for the same procedure to break ties for first place in a vertical jump. They do not have a means of enforcement; you can't make the tied jumpers jump. Jump offs were held at major championships for over a hundred years until the previous Olympics when both Mutaz Essa Barshim and Gianmarco Tamberi agreed to share the gold medal at Barshim's suggestion. Since then Nina Kennedy and Katie Moon also agreed to share the gold medal in the Women's Pole Vault at the 2023 World Championships. It has been a subject of discussion. Both Barshim and Tamberi return, Tamberi as seasonal world leader. #2 Hamish Kerr has been outspoken online that he will not be sharing a gold if it comes to that. Barshim won the 2022 World Championships ahead of Woo Sang-hyeok and Andriy Protsenko. Tamberi won in 2023 over JuVaughn Harrison and Barshim.
During the qualifying round, Barshim struggled with severe cramps. His friend in gold, Tamberi, rushed over to help massage the cramping calf. Protsenko couldn't get over a bar. Harrison topped out at 2.20 and didn't advance. It was so tight, two people who cleared 2.24m but had excessive misses did not advance.
| 1.96875
| 0
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77361110
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keprn%C3%ADk
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Keprník
|
The slopes have relatively uneven and varied gradients. The average slope inclination ranges from 6° (eastern slope) to 17° (southeastern slope). The average inclination of all the mountain's slopes (weighted average of the slopes' gradients) is about 12°. The maximum average inclination of the eastern slope, at elevations around 1,150 m above sea level, does not exceed 40° over a 50-meter section. The slopes are covered with a network of roads and generally unmarked paths and tracks.
Approximately 995 m north of the summit, close to the red tourist trail (about 30 m away), at an elevation of 1,309 m above sea level, there is a monument with a stone commemorative plaque, erected on 26 September 1935. It features the image of the Silesian writer and mountain enthusiast Hermann Löns, along with the following inscription:
Main summit
There are no marked tourist trails leading directly to the main summit. The main ridge path crosses the summit area, along with a red tourist trail and a green educational path, which leads to the secondary peak Keprník–JV. Near this path is a tourist intersection named Keprník (vrchol) with an informational sign indicating an elevation of 1,423 m.
The summit of the mountain is on an exposed rocky outcrop about 20 m in length, which serves as a scenic viewpoint. From there, expansive views can be seen, including the peaks of Černava, Šerák, , Červená hora, and , as well as distant mountain ranges such as the Giant Mountains with Sněžka, the Králický Sněžník Mountains, the Beskids, the Malá Fatra, and even the Slovak Tatras. Additionally, a small conical monument called Kámen with a worn commemorative inscription is located on this rocky outcrop:
| 2.140625
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77361239
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadov%C3%A1%20%28Brno%29
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Sadová (Brno)
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Geography
Within the city district of Brno-Královo Pole as well as Brno, Sadová, whose surface has significant differences in height, is exceptional in that it is dominated by the forests of Kyselé and Zaječí hory (324 m above sea level), gardens and orchards. The whole of Sadová is located on the hills between Královo Pole and Soběšice. From the southern slopes of Sadová there is a view of Královo Pole and the adjacent district. The aforementioned Zaječí hora is located approximately in the center of the Sadová cadastre, around which flows the Zaječí stream in the adjacent valley, on which there are three ponds and several lakes. The valley with the stream also represents an important landscape element of the Zaječího Potoka Stream. To the east of the Sadové cadastre, in the "U Antoníčka" valley, close to the border with Lesná, there is the chapel of St. Anthony (better known as the chapel of St. Antoníček) and the nearby U Antoníček well.
The Sadová cadastral area borders Královo Pole to the south and west, Řečkovice and Soběšice to the north, and Lesná to the east.
Territorial divisions
The cadastral territory of Sadová is further divided into 4 basic settlement units.
Demographics
As of the 2021 census, the population is 1,858, up over 4 times from 451 in the 2011 census.
Transport
Public transport connections with other parts of Brno are provided in Sadová as part of the Integrated Transport System of the South Moravian Region by the Transport Company of the City of Brno via day bus lines 43 and 57 and night bus line 93.
| 2.1875
| 0
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77361298
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstitial%20nucleus%20of%20Cajal
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Interstitial nucleus of Cajal
|
The interstitial nucleus of Cajal is a collection of neurons in the mesencephalon (midbrain) which are involved in integrating eye position-velocity information in order to coordinate head-eye movements - especially those related to vertical and torsional conjugate eye movements (gaze). It also mediates vertical gaze holding.
Bilateral projections to the oculomotor (cranial nerve III) and trochlear (cranial nerve IV) nuclei represent its principal outputs. It forms reciprocal connections with vestibular nuclei. It also has additional afferents and efferents. Some of the nucleus' connections pass through the medial longitudinal fasciculus, and the posterior commissure.
It is one of the accessory oculomotor nuclei.
Anatomy
The interstitial nucleus of Cajal is a diffuse collection of mid-sized, parvalbumin-containing premotor neurons of the midbrain reticular formation.
Connections
The nucleus forms reciprocal connections with the vestibular nuclei (through the MLF). It forms connections with the ipsilateral rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus. Some of its contralateral connections cross over the posterior commissure.
Afferents
It receives afferents (in fact, forms reciprocal connections) with the vestibular nuclei (via the MLF), and the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi.
It receives afferents from the spinal cord through the spinomesencephalic tract.
It receives afferents from the visual association areas via the corticotectal tract.
Efferents
It projects bilaterally to the oculomotor (cranial nerve III) nucleus, and trochlear (cranial nerve IV) nucleus; these are the nucleus' major efferents.
It projects descending efferents through the medial longitudinal fasciculus to (all levels of) the spinal cord (via the interstitiospinal tract), the ipsilateral superior and medial vestibular nuclei, the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi, and reticular formation.
| 2.40625
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77361614
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross%2C%20Oklahoma
|
Cross, Oklahoma
|
Both of the towns had an extremely huge conflict, as some citizens of Cross stated that it was “like taking the life out of a Cross citizen to visit Ponca City”. Whenever people from Cross and Ponca City crossed paths, the outcome would usually result in at least one of the people winding up dead. Even when foreign baseball players went to go against the Cross baseball team, groups of people from Ponca City would cheer on the opposite team, just to spite the townsfolk of Cross.
For around a year, the Southern Kansas Railroad had refused to add a stop into Ponca City, but eventually they did. Whenever people would stop in Ponca City on the railroad, the townsfolk of Ponca City would gather around to give the male stoppers cigars, and the female stoppers bouquets of flowers. This was also to spite Cross townspeople, and gather traction to the town.
This rivalry ended abruptly, however, when the railroad agent in Cross and the mayor of Ponca City agreed to have the agents house moved to Ponca City, plus two good railroad lots for the agent to cover.
After this agreement, a man from Ponca City bought Cross’ biggest hotel, and relocated it to Ponca City. Slowly, several houses moved from Cross to Ponca City, with Cross's population leaving little by little, with Ponca City seemingly being the victor of this infamous rivalry.
| 1.914063
| 0
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77361696
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryazan%20Refinery
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Ryazan Refinery
|
The Ryazan Refinery () is an oil refinery plant in the Russian city of Ryazan, one of the largest in the country. This refinery has belonged to the Russian state-owned company Rosneft since 2013.
History
Soviet Era
In October 1960, the oil refinery opened in the city of Ryazan, and became the industrial core in the area around the city.
In August 1974, the Supreme Soviet awarded workers of the plant with honorary medals for their work.
Russian Era
In 1993, the plant became privatized, and became a joint-stock company in 2002. From 2003 to 2013, the plant was a part of TNK-BP. Since 2013, the plant has been controlled by the state-owned Rosneft.
In March and May 2024, during the Russo-Ukrainian War, the refinery was hit twice by drones of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
In January 2025, the refinery was once again hit by drones from the Armed Forces of Ukraine
Production
In the year 2016, the processing volume at the plant was at 15.35 million tons per year (approximately 309,000 barrels per day), slightly down from 16 million in 2015.
| 2.078125
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77361797
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bess%20Marie%20Eversull
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Bess Marie Eversull
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Bess Marie Eversull Allen (18991978) was an American mathematician and one of the few women to earn a PhD in mathematics in the United States before World War II. She was the first woman to earn a PhD in mathematics from the University of Cincinnati.
Biography
Bess Eversull was born May 18, 1899, in Elmwood Place, Ohio, a village that was next to Cincinnati but has since become nearly surrounded by that city. Her parents were Warner Solomon Eversull and Olive Magrew.
Education
Eversull attended Woodward High School in Cincinnati and then attended the University of Cincinnati where she graduated with her bachelor's degree in 1921, majoring in both mathematics and English and minoring in French. After graduation, Eversull remained at Cincinnati for her graduate studies. Her 1922 master's thesis and her 1924 doctoral dissertation both concerned triple Fourier series and each document was published soon after it was completed. When she finished her PhD, she was the first doctoral student of mathematician Charles Napoleon Moore and the first woman, and only the third person, to earn a doctorate in mathematics at Cincinnati.
For three years (1924–1927) Bess Eversull was an instructor at Smith College until she married a civil engineer, Charles Easton Allen in October 1927 and she took the name Bess Allen. Shortly thereafter, the couple moved to Detroit and for most of the next 20 years, she volunteered in the community except for 15 months during World War II when she worked as a mathematician for a group making films for the U.S. military, from May 1942 until August 1943. Even though she was a married woman, which often disqualified her from finding employment outside the home, she did manage to find some work as a tutor and substitute teacher during that time.
| 2.046875
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77361964
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic%20kidney%20disease%20in%20cats
|
Chronic kidney disease in cats
|
Chronic kidney disease in cats is an idiopathic tubulointerstitial nephritis, i.e. an inflammation of the renal tubules and the renal interstitial tissue without an identifiable cause. In addition to the damage that this primary disease causes directly to the kidney tissue, activated endogenous repair mechanisms such as connective tissue formation lead to further, partially self-sustaining destruction of functional kidney tissue. The reduced ability of the kidneys to excrete sodium and water causes retention (medicine) of these substances and thus an increase in blood volume, which ultimately leads to an increase in blood pressure. About two thirds of all cats with CNE are affected. High blood pressure in turn leads to increased connective tissue formation. A potassium deficiency or excess calcium secondary to other kidney damage also causes further damage to the kidney tissue.
Other diseases can also be triggers of renal dysfunction, for example infections, autoimmune diseases, poisonings or tumors. Virtually any infection or even lupus erythematosus can lead to the deposition of antigen-antibody complexes in the basal membrane of the renal corpuscles and thus to their damage. Many lily species, ethylene glycol, melamine, cyanuric acid and some heavy metals (cadmium, lead, mercury) have a strong toxic effect on the kidneys (renal toxicity) in cats. But also many drugs such as amphotericin B, cholecalciferol, doxorubicin, polymyxins, aminoglycosides and numerous non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (→ analgesic nephropathy) can cause kidney damage.
| 2.546875
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77361964
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic%20kidney%20disease%20in%20cats
|
Chronic kidney disease in cats
|
By palpation, the kidneys can be checked for pain, firmness (consistency), enlargement or reduction in size and changes in surface structure. A healthy kidney is about 4 cm long, 3 cm wide and 2–3.5 cm thick. In the most common form - CNE due to tubulointerstitial nephritis - the kidneys are usually reduced in size and have an irregular surface; in the case of tumors or pyelonephritis, they may be enlarged and sensitive to pain. Since the degree of protein loss via the urine is directly related to the increase in blood pressure, regular blood pressure measurement is advisable.
An X-ray examination can be used to detect changes in the size, density and position of the kidneys as well as some urinary stones (struvite and calcium oxalate stones are "radiopaque") and soft tissue calcifications. In severely emaciated cats or fluid accumulations in the retroperitoneal space, however, the kidney can only be visualized to a limited extent on the X-ray image due to the resulting reduction in contrast. Excretory urography, in which a radiopaque contrast medium (e.g. Iopamidol, Iohexol) is injected into the bloodstream and its excretion via the kidneys is recorded radiographically. This makes it possible to detect circulatory disorders, dysfunctions of the renal corpuscles and obstructions of the outflow pathways.
The ultrasound examination allows morphological changes in the kidneys in more detail. In addition to changes in size and shape, renal cysts, localized (focal) organ damage, water sac kidneys and urinary retention as well as tumors can also be visualized. Hardly defined (diffuse) organ changes are accompanied by changes in echogenicity, but can only rarely be assigned to defined diseases. Pulsed Wave Doppler" can also be used to detect circulatory disorders. Calcification (nephrocalcinosis) is also common in chronic kidney disease and can also be detected sonographically.
| 2.375
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77361964
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic%20kidney%20disease%20in%20cats
|
Chronic kidney disease in cats
|
Interactions with other treatments
Since the kidney is also an important excretory organ for numerous drugs, chronic kidney disease must be taken into account in the drug therapy of other diseases. For example, the plasma half-life may be significantly prolonged (e.g. with numerous antibiotics) and the dose must be reduced accordingly. Drugs that can only be administered with caution in cats with kidney disease include atenolol, carbimazole, chlorothiazide, digoxin and thiamazole.
Treatment prospects
It is not possible to restore lost nephrons, so that all therapeutic measures only result in an increase in quality of life and lifespan. The treatment prospects is strongly dependent on the degree of azotemia, protein loss via the urine, hyperphosphatemia and uremia as well as the hematocrit. In stage 2, a low hematocrit and a high urine protein-creatinine ratio, and in stage 3 hyperphosphatemia are prognostic for progression of CNE. A new prognostic parameter is fibroblast growth factor 23, as it indicates an early derailment of mineral metabolism. The average survival time in a recent study was 1151 days in stage IIb cats, 778 days in stage III and only 103 days in stage IV. The consistent use of phosphate-reduced kidney diets shows quite good results up to stage III. If the measures taken do not work, the only option for advanced kidney disease is often euthanasia.
| 2.015625
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77362024
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas%20Raoul%20Adalbert%20de%20Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord
|
Nicolas Raoul Adalbert de Talleyrand-Périgord
|
Nicolas Raoul Adalbert de Talleyrand-Périgord (20 March 1837 – 25 March 1915), 7th Duke of Montmorency, was a French aristocrat.
Early life
He was born on 20 March 1837 in Paris. He was the youngest son of Louis de Talleyrand-Périgord and, his first wife, Anne Louise Charlotte de Montmorency. His siblings included Caroline Valentine de Talleyrand-Périgord (wife of Vicomte Charles Henri d'Etchegoyen), Boson de Talleyrand-Périgord, 4th Duke of Talleyrand-Périgord, After his mother died in 1858, his father married the Countess Hatzfeldt, Rachel Elisabeth Pauline de Castellane (widow of Max von Hatzfeldt and daughter of Marshal Boniface de Castellane). From his father's second marriage, his younger half-sister was Dorothée de Talleyrand-Périgord (wife of Karl Egon IV, the Prince of Furstenberg and Count Jean de Castellane).
His paternal grandparents were General Edmond de Talleyrand-Périgord, 2nd Duke of Dino and, later, the 2nd Duke of Talleyrand-Périgord, and Princess Dorothea of Courland, Duchess of Sagan. His aunt, Pauline de Talleyrand-Périgord, married Henri de Castellane. His maternal grandparents were Anne Charles François de Montmorency, 5th Duke of Montmorency, and Anne Louise Caroline de Goyon de Matignon, Countess de Gacé (sister to Anne Louis Raoul Victor de Montmorency, 6th Duke of Montmorency).
Career
Upon the death of his uncle, in 1862, he became the Duke of Montmorency (third creation). The title had originally been created in 1688 as the Duke of Beaufort (second creation) but was changed to Duke of Montmorency in 1689. Before he succeeded to the title, he was known as the Count of Périgord.
He was prominent at the Court of Napoleon III and was a member of the Union Artistique.
Personal life
On 2 June 1866, he was married to Ida Marie Carmen Aguado y MacDonnel (1847–1880), a daughter of Alexandre Aguado, 2nd Marqués of las Marismas del Guadalquivir and Claire Emilie MacDonnel, a lady-in-waiting to Empress Eugénie. Before her death, they were the parents of one son:
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77362435
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omsk%20Refinery
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Omsk Refinery
|
As of 2021, the refinery was able to produce 300,000 tons of internationally-certified JET A-1 jet fuel per year. The refinery was then able to regulate "production levels for automobile and aviation fuels, as well as raw materials for lubricants. The central hydrocracking portion of the also will ensure further processing of heavy petroleum fractions into diesel fuel, jet fuel, and other high-quality products in compliance with Euro 5-quality standards". The refinery now complied fully with the clean air and ecology regulations adopted under a decree of May 2018, and was fitted out with sulfur-removal technologies in order to remove 99.8% of sulfur compounds.
On 25 April 2024, Russian media reported a fire at the Omsk Refinery. The authorities used fire trains to combat the blaze. Ukraine was blamed for the fire, which engulfed three rail cars.
On 26 August 2024, an explosion and subsequent fire took place burning some , injuring seven workers. Crude distillation unit named CDU-11, one of the "two largest primary refining units at the plant" was destroyed. The unit was responsible for roughly one-third of plant capacity. One of the seven injured later died.
| 1.992188
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77362469
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan%20Republic%20Day%20Festival%20Cup
|
Afghanistan Republic Day Festival Cup
|
The Afghanistan Republic Day Festival Cup was an annual football tournament held in Ghazi Stadium, Afghanistan. The football tournament was part of a festival of sporting and cultural events staged annually in Kabul from 1974 till 1977 to commemorate the anniversary of the Republic of Afghanistan, following its foundation on 17 July 1973 when Mohammad Daoud Khan came to power following the 1973 Afghan coup d'état. It was stopped following Daoud's assassination on 28 April 1978 during a coup d'état (the Saur Revolution) which formed the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. The anniversary of the Saur Revolution was also celebrated with a similar Jashn festival later on in 1979, which was won by Pamir Dushanbe for the fifth consecutive time. The 1976 edition also featured the official national teams of India and Pakistan.
Etymology
The festival was referred to as Jashn-e-Jamhouriat (), Jashn-e-Kabul, or simply Jashn. It was also referred to in the Kabul Times newspaper as the Jame-Jamhouriat Cup (), or as Jamhouriat Cup.
Results
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69864872
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January%202022%20Burkina%20Faso%20coup%20d%27%C3%A9tat
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January 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état
|
Military captain Sidsoré Kader Ouedraogo said the Patriotic Movement for Safeguarding and Restoration "has decided to assume its responsibilities before history." In a statement, he said soldiers were putting an end to Kaboré's presidency because of the deteriorating security situation amid the deepening Islamic insurgency and the president's inability to manage the crisis. He also said the new military leaders would work to establish a calendar "acceptable to everyone" for holding new elections, without giving further details. ECOWAS and African Union suspended Burkina Faso's membership in the aftermath of the coup. On 31 January, the military junta restored the constitution and appointed Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba as interim president.
Damiba's rule was unpopular and lasted only 8 months, until he himself was deposed in the subsequent coup d'état in September 2022.
Background
Following the First Libyan Civil War and the concurrent NATO intervention in 2011, Islamist attacks in Burkina Faso and neighboring Mali became more common. Since 2015, Burkina Faso has been fighting Islamic State and al-Qaeda in some parts of the country. However, military personnel complained about a lack of military equipment and logistics. This caused discontent among the military ranks, members of which criticized the government's lack of effort combating jihadist groups. Former CIA political analyst Michael Shurkin stated the army is "ill equipped and unprepared" for battle.
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69864944
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convoy%20n%C2%B0%2077%20of%20July%2031%2C%201944
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Convoy n° 77 of July 31, 1944
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Finally, Convoy 77 encourages institutions of higher learning to join in the project. In France the Institut d'études politiques de Paris (Sciences Po) and the université de Paris VIII Saint-Denis are partners in the program. A dozen students for a Master of Archival Science degree, under the direction of Professor Marie-Anne Matard Bonucci, carried out research in 2017–2018 on twelve deportees and wrote up their biographies for the site. Another group in 2018–2019 is taking up their work. Two working groups at Sciences Po interface with other educational institutions, one group with French schools, the other with schools in the implicated foreign countries.
Productive exchanges are ongoing with associations whose goals and research interconnect with those of Convoi 77. For example, the Association pour la mémoire des enfants juifs déportés (AMEJD), which repertories the deported children with a view to putting a commemorative plaque on the walls of the schools they attended. Similarly, there is a dynamic relationship with the Mémorial des Judéo-Espagnols déportés de France / Muestros Dezaparesidos, as there were many Spanish Jews in the convoy.
Work in connection with the project has taken off in Algeria, Germany, Belgium, Denmark, Italy and Poland. Both nationally and internationally Convoi 77 organizes and takes part in exhibitions, debates and conferences. The Association contributes to focus groups on the Shoah and fosters the reconstitution of its history and the effort to keep its memory alive.
| 2.125
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69865032
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guigues%20II%20of%20Albon
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Guigues II of Albon
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Guigues II d'Albon, known as the Fat (Pinguis), born around 1025 and died around 1079, was count in Grésivaudan and Briançonnais from 1070 to 1079, count of Albon in 1079. He came from the House of Albon.
He bears the cognomen “le Gras”, (Guigo Pinguis or Guigo Crassus). The numbering of the Guigonides in the House of Albon is different according to the references.
Biography
Guigues was born, around the 1025 or 1032. He was the son of Guigues I of Albon and Adelaide (Adelsindis/Adalsendis) from 1035 to 1052. A tradition, taken up in particular by the Europäische Stammtafeln, indicates that she could be Adelaide of Turin, daughter of Count Humbert "with White Hands", established in Maurienne, but this fact is not based on a known act.
He had properties in Albon, in Grésivaudan around Grenoble (Cornillon, Oriol, Varces) as well as in Briançon. At that time, the lands of Guigues had no geographical unity.
The Saint-Robert priory was built in Saint-Égrève in 1070, by monks, under the dependency of the Benedictine Abbey of La Chaise-Dieu in Haute Loire.
Family
He married before 3 April 1052 to Pétronille, probably the daughter of Artaud de Royans and Pétronille (according to Georges de Manteyer), who was the sister of the Prince of Royans, Ismidon, branch of the Counts of Valentinois and sister also of the bishop of Grenoble Artaud according to Benjamin Oury and Aurelien Le Coq.
They had issue:
Guigues III († after 1131), Count of Albon
Adelaide
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69865752
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolkien%27s%20Art%3A%20%27A%20Mythology%20for%20England%27
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Tolkien's Art: 'A Mythology for England'
|
The first edition had five named chapters, and a short concluding section.
"The Critic as Monster" looked at Tolkien's major essays "On Fairy-Stories" and "Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics". Chance notes the powerful effect that Tolkien's Beowulf essay had on scholarship, and that it provoked a lasting controversy over the poem's Germanic and Christian components.
"The King Under the Mountain: Tolkien's Children's Story", dealt with The Hobbit. She notes the central place given to the book's two leading monsters, Gollum and Smaug, and the monstrous aspects of the Elvenking, the Master of Dale, and the dwarf-king, to whom she ascribes "the more 'spiritual' sins" compared to the gluttony, sloth, and anger of the other monsters such as the trolls, goblins, and wargs. She contrasts the "unobtrusive" hobbit Bilbo Baggins with the "usually obtrusive" and uncharitable narrator of the story.
"The Christian King: Tolkien's Fairy-Stories", explored the Christian symbolism and allegory of "Leaf by Niggle" and "Smith of Wootton Major".
"The Germanic King: Tolkien's Medieval Parodies", looked at some minor works, namely "The Lay of Aotrou and Itroun", "The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth", "Imram", and Farmer Giles of Ham, comparing them to Old English and Middle English works such as Beowulf, The Battle of Maldon, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.
"The Lord of the Rings: Tolkien's Epic" set Tolkien's book in the context of epic works from Beowulf to Le Morte d'Arthur, Faerie Queene and Don Quixote. Those books variously explore chivalric and Christian ideals and modern realism, overlaid according to Chance on medieval heroism and medieval Christianity. Chance contrasts Tolkien's "two Germanic lords", the dour legalistic Denethor and the loving Théoden.
| 2.546875
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69866385
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%20O%27Murnaghan
|
Art O'Murnaghan
|
The Book of the Resurrection
In 1922 he was commissioned to illuminate The Book of the Resurrection (Leabhar na hAiséirighe) by the Irish Free State government, with funds raised for this commission through the sale of the Éire page, the winning design which O'Murnaghan had submitted to the selection committee. The commission was interrupted a number of times, but it became O'Murnaghan's mission to complete it and it is seen to be his masterpiece. He started the work on Holy Saturday, 19 April 1924, completing the first nine and half folios by spring 1927 receiving a weekly fee of 30 shillings. O'Murnaghan ground and mixed his own paints, in the tradition of medieval artists, basing his designs on earlier illuminated manuscripts. His work also demonstrates influence from Asian illustrations and went on to strongly influence 20th century "Celtic" art. By 1951, 26 calf-vellum sheets were completely decorated, and in 1954 O'Murnaghan had planned for the remaining folios. However, he died before completing the book, and it remained unbound, and is now in the collections of the National Museum of Ireland.
Theatre work
He worked as a set designer for Daisy Bannard Cogley in his Little Theatre on Harcourt Street, going on to become an actor, designer, composer and stage manager for the Gate Theatre. He appeared in at least 17 productions, and contributed scores to others. He acted as stage manager for 13 plays, and assistant art director of 7. He appeared in the films Odd man out and Another share. In 1936 he toured Egypt with the Gate Theatre company, retiring from the theatre the same year.
| 2.5625
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69867530
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy%20of%20Abruzzo
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Economy of Abruzzo
|
Over the years, Abruzzo has become the most industrialized region of southern Italy and has had significant improvements and growth also at an economic level; the region has reached and surpassed many Italian regions in the specialization of the various industrial sectors and today it is the richest of the regions of Southern Italy.
General features
As regards employment, at the end of 2019, Abruzzo workers were estimated at 520,900. At the end of 2020, however, the unemployment rate had risen to 9.3%, however one of among lower of the regions of Southern Italy. Abruzzo is the 16th most productive region in the country, and is the 13th for GRP per capita among Italians region.
Agriculture
Once the primary economic resource of the region, agriculture with its economic and industrial development has undergone a significant downsizing; in spite of this and the geology of the mainly mountainous territory not very suitable for certain types of crops, the region, also thanks to economic and industrial development, is today still able to offer various products of the highest quality; in the flat and hilly areas of the region numerous crops are grown such as figs, carrots, potatoes, grapes which place the region among the first in Italy for produce these crops; other important products are beetroot, wheat, barley, spelled and tobacco; the production of olives and vite is also important; finally, very important are the typical products of the region such as saffron and licorice.
| 2.21875
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69867923
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdamse%20Kunstkring
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Rotterdamse Kunstkring
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The Rotterdamsche Kunstkring (RKK) was an association in the Dutch city of Rotterdam, for and by artists and art lovers. Its members included visual artists, architects, writers, recitalists, photographers, musicians and designers.
Following the example of the Haagse Kunstkring, the association was founded in 1893 by Jean Browne, Henry Haverkorn van Rijsewijk, , , , Jan Cornelis de Vos, and . The Kunstkring settled in Hotel du Passage on Korte Hoogstraat and moved to 35 Witte de Withstraat in 1899. The Kunstkring organized various exhibitions, both group exhibitions on specific themes and solo exhibitions by specific artists. Their debut exhibition was about Jacob and Willem Maris, followed shortly after by an exhibition about Jozef Israëls.
The building on Witte de Withstraat survived the bombing of Rotterdam and would be sold to the municipality of Rotterdam in 1962. During the reconstruction, entrepreneur and art lover Ludo Pieters became closely involved with the Kunstkring. First as a board member (1953) and from 1955 as chairman, he remained this until the association was dissolved in 1969.
| 2.1875
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69868022
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacunicambarus%20freudensteini
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Lacunicambarus freudensteini
|
Lacunicambarus freudensteini, the banded mudbug, is a species of North American burrowing crayfish found in Alabama and Mississippi.
Description
The banded mudbug is a small (maximum size: ~2–2.5 inches) primary burrowing crayfish. This crayfish is typically blue overall with orange highlights on its joints, although rare bright blue and pink specimens have also been collected. Because of this species' exceedingly small range and overall rarity, this species is ranked as S1 (Critically imperiled) in both states where it occurs (Alabama and Mississippi) and has a NatureServe global rank of G1 (Critically imperiled).
Range
The banded mudbug is a very rare species known only from nine sites in Mobile County, Alabama and Jackson County, Mississippi.
Habitat
The banded mudbug is typically found burrowing in open, non-sloping grasslands with a shallow claypan.
Etymology
The banded mudbug was named after Dr. John Freudenstein. The common name "banded mudbug" refers to the orange bands on the dorsal side of this species and as the fact that it is a primary burrowing crayfish (often called "mudbugs").
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69868108
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audrey%20Amiss
|
Audrey Amiss
|
Audrey Joan Amiss (1933 – 2013) was a British artist, whose art was re-discovered and recognised after her death in 2013. During her lifetime, Amiss was not well known as an artist and spent large periods of her life in psychiatric hospitals and units, often against her will and following arrest for civil disturbance. A feature film inspired by Amiss' life, Typist Artist Pirate King, was written and directed by Carol Morley, and had its UK premiere in March 2023 at Glasgow Film Festival.
Art
Audrey Amiss formally trained as an artist, studying at the Royal Academy between 1954 and 1958. While she did not complete her art training due to mental illness, Amiss continued to create art throughout her life.
Amiss' art "allows a bewildering glimpse into the life of a woman wholly preoccupied with artmaking, collecting, and recording." Amiss was prolific in her artistic output, and is known to have created hundreds of sketches, paintings and other artworks over the course of her life. Much of this work was not seen publicly; while Amiss entered her work for submission in exhibitions and prizes or showed work at open exhibitions, she often expressed frustration at the formal art scene and her lack of recognition as an artist. On having an artwork rejected by an art society, Amiss wrote to her sister: 'I was once in the tradition of social realism, also called the kitchen sink school of painting. But I am now avant-garde and misunderstood.'
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69868108
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audrey%20Amiss
|
Audrey Amiss
|
Amiss was also an avid letter writer, writing an average of eight letters a day to various people and organisations, including MPs and public figures, charities, newspapers, companies, banks, building societies, friends and family. Amiss recorded details of the letters she sent in a series of record books, which itemise each letter sent, with the recipient's name and address, a summary of the contents of the letter, the method of delivery, and other details of interest to her. 37 volumes of record books were found in Amiss' home dating from 1992 to 2001.
Amiss died in 2013 at the age of 79, having lived in semi-reclusive lifestyle in her later years. When her family cleared the home, they discovered hundreds of sketchbooks, scrapbooks, photograph albums, account books, record books and log books, spanning from Amiss's early life up until the day of her death on 10 July 2013. The sketchbooks alone contain an estimated 50,000 individual sketches, with Amiss often filling entire volumes in one sitting or over the course of a single day.
In 2014, Amiss' family donated the collection in its entirety to Wellcome Collection, a library and museum in London which focuses on human health and medicine.
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69868108
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audrey%20Amiss
|
Audrey Amiss
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Mental health
Over the course of her life, Amiss was admitted to psychiatric hospitals on numerous occasions and diagnosed with a number of mental health conditions, including paranoid schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Amiss was often opposed to medical intervention and did not want to be in hospital or on medication. Amiss spent time in a number of psychiatric units over the years, and was sectioned in both open and locked wards at Ryhope General Hospital (now Hopewood Park Hospital), Cherry Knowle, Warlingham Park Hospital, Tooting Bec Hospital, South Western Hospital (Nelson Ward), Charles Clinic Chelsea, South London and Maudsley and Elizabeth Ward (St Thomas' Hospital). Amiss' time in hospitals was often the result of altercations in public and involved police arrests for civil disturbance. In 2000s, Amiss launched an appeal to the Mental Health Review Tribunal which was eventually unsuccessful.
Amiss described herself as a Mental Health Survivor and was involved with local mental health groups and survivor networks. She wrote frequent letters about her sense of mistreatment in hospitals, and her distrust of medical institutions and doctors. Amiss is known to have attended at least one mental health demonstration, and organised an exhibition of protest works in 2002 titled Drawings from a Locked Ward ('The Snakepit') featuring painted signs with slogans including "Justice for Lunatics"; "If it Ain't Broke Don't Fix It"; "Stop Psychiatric Oppression".
Legacy and popular culture
Audrey Amiss' life is the subject of a feature-length film, Typist Artist Pirate King, written and directed by BAFTA-nominated film maker Carol Morley and produced by Cairo Cannon, which was filmed in November 2021. The film imagines a road trip of Amiss and a psychiatric nurse. The film was made following Carol Morley's time as a Screenwriting Fellow at Wellcome Trust from 2015, where she encountered Amiss' archive and undertook research to develop the film.
| 2.78125
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69868216
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razgrad%20clock%20tower
|
Razgrad clock tower
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According to Bulgarian historian Ananie Yavashov, in the French edition of the travelogues of Irish writer and clergyman Robert Walsh was included additional information about the bell in question. In that respect he wrote that “on the bell, still standing in the belfry, is an engraved inscription reading: Mich. Thomas, Khenaver. In orovizae. 1731 Cross, and a Christ crucifixion in relief” (Yavashov 1930:99). “It could be concluded”, the author continues, “from the Latin inscription that the bell was forcibly appropriated from an orthodox or catholic church as a trophy – military booty taken by the Turks on their campaigns into one-time Austria-Hungary” (Yavashov 1930:99-100).
The phrase “in orovizae” probably gives indication of the place where the bell was cast. Yavashov goes on to explain that the town of Oravicza is in Banat...between Orșova and Temišvar – an area rich in coal, iron, copper, and other ores. There must have been a bell foundry as well; hence, the bell of the clock tower was produced in these whereabouts, but it is unclear from which exactly church, town or village it came from” (Yavashov 1930:100 footnote). In Ottoman times, the clock tower was incorporated in a row of small workshops. A few years after the Liberation (1878) those workshops were destroyed and replaced by wooden ones. For many years, the space around the tower served as a marketplace next to another one around the nearby mosque of Ibrahim Pasha.
As of today, the clock tower is a freestanding structure.
| 2.4375
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69869022
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%20Parker%20Fessenden
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Anna Parker Fessenden
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Anna Parker Fessenden (April 8, 1896 – May 3, 1972) was an American botanist and mathematics educator.
Early life and education
Anna Parker Fessenden was born in Thomaston, Maine, and raised in Mattapan, Massachusetts, the middle of three daughters of William S. Fessenden and Alida Mary Mehan Fessenden. Her mother was assistant principal of Sandwich High School.
Fessenden graduated from Girls' Latin School in 1914, and graduated from Smith College in 1918. As a college student, she was active in the Smith College Unitarian Club, and she edited and wrote for the Smith College Monthly. She earned a master's degree from the University of Minnesota in 1920. Her master's thesis, under advisor Josephine Tilden, was titled "Observations on Two Rare Australian Algae, Myriocladia Sciurus, Harvey and Bactrophora Irregularis, N. SP."
Career
Fessenden taught botany at Vassar College, Wellesley College and at the University of Minnesota. She and Josephine Tilden co-authored an article on brown algae from Australia. She taught mathematics at Needham High School in Massachusetts for 36 years, and was a director of math programs for the Needham school district. She retired from teaching in 1962.
Fessenden was an active member of several clubs including the Audubon Society, and a trustee of the Thomaston Historical Society.
Personal life
Fessenden died in 1972, aged 76 years, in Camden, Maine. Her grave is with her parents' graves, in Sandwich, Massachusetts.
| 2.21875
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69869056
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988%20Winter%20Olympics%20opening%20ceremony
|
1988 Winter Olympics opening ceremony
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The Calgary organizers wanted the audience to be part of the visual spectacle, and provided each spectator with a coloured poncho to wear. The ponchos were paid for by Coca-Cola, but after realizing the IOC's restriction on sponsorships during the opening ceremonies, the organizers sent the ponchos to a nearby prison where inmates were tasked with flipping the 62,000 ponchos inside-out and removing the labels. Several of the ponchos were defaced by inmates with obscenities and other statements, leading organizers to sort through the ponchos to remove the offensive garments and order replacements.
In preparations for the opening and closing ceremonies, temporary bleachers were installed in McMahon Stadium to increase the seated occupancy capacity to 60,000. The Olympic cauldron was constructed out of copper with platforms created to hold the flame, a 65-meter teepee was built behind the cauldron.
Approximately 8,000 volunteers were brought on to perform in the opening ceremonies, led by eight choreographers and one artistic director. Rehearsals began for most volunteers 12 weeks in advance of the ceremonies and took place on average twice a week.
The 1988 Winter Olympics were the first for many years to enforce the Olympic Charter rule limiting the attendance of the Opening Ceremony Parade to only athletes and four officials per team. Each team was provided marching passes which allowed access for athletes and four additional passes for officials on February 11. OCO'88 notes that some teams traded their marching passes to other teams who wanted more than four officials to participate in the opening ceremony.
During the opening ceremonies, 850 pigeons were released at McMahon Stadium. The temperature prior to the opening ceremonies was , with a brisk wind.
| 2.609375
| 0
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69869086
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebenezer%20United%20Methodist%20Church
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Ebenezer United Methodist Church
|
Ebenezer United Methodist Church, founded in 1838, is a historic African American church located in the Capitol Hill neighborhood of Washington, D.C. The church was the site of the first government-sponsored school for African Americans in Washington, D.C.
Founding
Ebenezer United Methodist Church, formerly Little Ebenezer United Methodist Church or Little Ebenezer, was founded in 1838 as an outgrowth of its original Mother church, the Methodist Episcopal Church.
Methodist Episcopal Church had segregated seating for Black and white congregants. The African American congregants outgrew their allotted space, and, with the support of the Mother church, founded Little Ebenezer United Methodist Church at Fourth and D Street, S.E. in Capitol Hill. The original church was a small-framed building.
Little Ebenezer became independent of its Mother church in the 1860s and installed in own board made up of African American trustees.
Government-sponsored school
In March 1864, the DC government opened a school for African American students of all ages within the church. The school was the first government-sponsored school for African Americans in Washington, D.C.
Emma V. Brown and Frances W. Perkins were the school's first teachers. Perkins had been sent to Washington by the New England Freedmen's Aid Society of Boston.
The student body quickly outgrew its church space. Perkins, a white woman from New England, returned North and raised the funds needed for the construction of a new school. A lot was purchased in C Street between 2nd and 3rd Streets, SE, and the new school building was completed in the winter of 1864. The school, ultimately named Lincoln School, operated until 1947.
Name change and new building
Little Ebenezer United Methodist Church became Ebenezer United Methodist Church in 1870. That same year, work began on the construction of a new brick structure to replace the church's earlier one. The new building was completed by 1873. The architect for the project was William J. Palmer.
| 2.625
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69869314
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concerns%20and%20controversies%20at%20the%201988%20Winter%20Olympics
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Concerns and controversies at the 1988 Winter Olympics
|
A number of notable controversies and concerns associated with the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, emerged which were the subject of public debate and media commentary.
Safety
Death of Joerg Oberhammer
On February 25, 1988, 47 year old Austrian Olympic Team physician Joerg Oberhammer died after falling into the path of a snow-grooming machine after colliding with another skier between runs of the men's giant slalom. Swiss team skiers Pirmin Zurbriggen and Martin Hangl witnessed Oberhammer's death from the chairlift, Zurbriggen went on to win a gold medal, while Hangl withdrew from the giant slalom due to the incident.
Environmental
Weather
The weather conditions for the 1988 Winter Olympics were a significant problem, with temperatures ranging from . Of the 176 events scheduled for the 1988 Games, 30 were postponed and rescheduled due to inclement weather. The men's downhill skiing event at Nakiska was postponed for one day, due to Chinook winds blowing up to 160 km/h. The women's downhill event also experienced the same scenario. With the ski jumping venue facing north at Canada Olympic Park (COP), the same winds also disrupted those events, with the large hill event being postponed four times. It had also disrupted the Nordic combined events, in which the ski jumping part had to be postponed as well. For the first time in Olympic history, both the ski jumping and Nordic combined cross-country skiing events was contested in a single day.
Despite using artificial cooling, the bobsleigh and luge events at COP was not spared, with several races being postponed due to the high temperatures during that time. During the Two-man Bobsleigh, sand and dust particles ended up being deposited onto the artificial track by Chinook winds, resulting in a noticeably faster track for later participants. The Soviet Union's two man bobsleigh team won gold after an unexpected come-from-behind win over the heavy favourite East German teams.
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69869546
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea%20Pet%C5%91
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Andrea Pető
|
Andrea Pető (born 1964) is an Austrian-Hungarian historian. She is a professor in the Department of Gender Studies at Central European University and a Doctor at Science of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. She writes on political extremism and how it shapes the collective memory of society. Pető's work evaluates contemporary society from an inter-disciplinary and gendered perspective. She has analyzed the effects of Nazism and Stalinism on Hungary and Eastern Europe, as well as the participation of women in those movements. Pető has been recognized for her contributions with the Officer's Cross of the Hungarian Order of Merit, the Bolyai Prize of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and the Madame de Staël Prize of the All European Academies.
Early life and education
Pető graduated with honors in 1987 from Eötvös Loránd University with a master's degree in history, culture, and civilization. She went on to study sociology graduating with honors in 1989 from the Karl Marx University of Economic Sciences, since 2004 known as the Corvinus University of Budapest. Between 1987 and 1991, she worked as a research fellow at the Hungarian Institute of Political History and in 1991 was hired as an academic coordinator for the history department at the Central European University. Pető obtained a PhD, summa cum laude, in contemporary history from Eötvös Loránd University in 1992 and repeated the distinction with a second PhD in 2000. Between 2001 and 2002, she was a Jean Monnet Fellow of the European Institute of Florence, Italy.
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69869704
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donna%20Barba%20Higuera
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Donna Barba Higuera
|
Donna Barba Higuera is an American children's book author. Her debut novel, Lupe Wong Won't Dance, was a Pura Belpré Award honor book and PNBA winner in 2021. Her middle grade dystopian novel, The Last Cuentista, won the 2022 Newbery Medal and the Pura Belpré Medal.
Biography
Donna grew up in Central California, surrounded by agricultural and oil fields. As a child, she could be found reading a good book. Her favorite hobbies were calling dial-a-story over and sneaking into cemeteries to inspire her spooky tales using the headstones.
Donna's Middle Grade and Picture Books are about kids who find themselves in odd or scary situations. She explores themes such as: language and cultural differences and living a biracial life. Donna likes to write about all things funny, but also sad, and creepy, and magical.
Donna lives in Washington State with her family, three dogs and two frogs. Outside of writing, Higuera works in healthcare.
Selected works
Lupe Wong Won't Dance (2020)
Lupe Wong Won't Dance is a middle-grade sports novel published September 8, 2020 by Levine Querido. Mason London illustrated the cover, and Libia Brenda translated the Spanish-language edition.
Summary of the book: Lupe Wong is determined to be the first female pitcher in the Major Leagues. She’s also championed causes her whole young life. Some worthy…like expanding the options for race on school tests beyond just a few bubbles. And some not so much…like complaining to the BBC about the length between Doctor Who seasons. Lupe needs an A in all her classes in order to meet her favorite pitcher, Fu Li Hernandez, who’s Chinacan / Mexinese just like her. So, when the horror that is square dancing rears its head in gym? Obviously, she’s not gonna let that slide.
The Last Cuentista (2021)
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69870236
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20Prayer%20Book%20%281929%29
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Scottish Prayer Book (1929)
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Efforts to further amend the Communion Office to produce a native Scottish liturgy that would be more widely received resulted in a 1755 liturgy promulgated by William Falconer, influenced by Thomas Rattray's work. Falconer, made Primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church, worked with Robert Forbes to produce a further, formally accepted Communion Office in 1764, the same Communion Office that would eventually influence the first prayer book of the Episcopal Church in the United States.
Later revisions
A draft Communion Office liturgy was produced in 1889, with the removal of the Doxology from the initial Lord's Prayer proving influential on the U.S. Episcopal Church's 1892 Book of Common Prayer. By the late Nineteenth and early Twentieth Centuries, the usage of the 1662 English prayer book was still predominant but had lost favor due to the introduction of hymns extending the typical three Sunday services–Matins, the Litany, and the Communion Office–to over two hours in total. Other criticisms of the 1662 prayer book, including its lack of prayers for mission work and evangelization as well as lacking offices relevant to contemporary celebrations and industrial society, compelled the Scottish Episcopal bishops to establish a committee to produce a domestic prayer book in 1909.
| 2.34375
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69870256
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statue%20of%20Juan%20Ponce%20de%20Le%C3%B3n
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Statue of Juan Ponce de León
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A statue of Juan Ponce de León was erected in the Plaza de San José in San Juan, Puerto Rico, in 1882. In 2022, the statue was vandalized and knocked down by protestors but was quickly reinstalled.
History
The statue was made from cannon captured from the British in 1797 following the Battle of San Juan, a failed attack on Puerto Rico. It was made in 1882 in New York, in the United States. The King of Spain, Alfonso XII, contributed funds toward the erection of the statue.
A copy was erected in 1923 in St. Augustine, Florida, in the United States.
Toppling and restoration
The statue was toppled in 2022. This occurred a day before the visit of the Spanish king, Felipe VI, to commemorate the 500th anniversary of the foundation of San Juan.
It was reported that the Boriken Libertarian Forces claimed responsibility for the damage to the statue. The group said in a statement that "Faced with the visit of the King of Spain, Felipe VI, to Puerto Rico and the escalation of 'gringo' invaders taking over our lands, we want to send a clear message: neither kings nor 'gringo' invaders".
The statue was repaired and reinstalled less than 24 hours after its toppling. Miguel Romero, the mayor of San Juan, defended the reinstallation of the statue. "Freedom of expression is protected, but what cannot be protected is vandalism. I believe vandalism is the most cowardly form of expression," he said.
| 2.515625
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69870306
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirthiotrema
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Wirthiotrema
|
Wirthiotrema is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 2010 by Eimy Rivas Plata, Klaus Kalb, Andreas Frisch, and H. Thorsten Lumbsch, with Wirthiotrema glaucopallens assigned as the type species. Wirthiotrema contains species that were formerly considered part of the Thelotrema glaucopallens species group. The genus name honours lichenologist Volkmar Wirth, "for his numerous outstanding contributions to lichenology".
Characteristics of genus Wirthiotrema include thalli and apothecia that similar to those in genus Myriotrema, in combination with a paraplectenchymatous excipulum (i.e., made of a fungal tissue with a cellular structure superficially like parenchyma of vascular plants), ascospores that are non-reactive with iodine-based stains, and the presence of stictic acid as a major secondary compound. Other compounds present in minor amounts include acetylconstictic acid, constictic acid, and consalazinic acid; lichexanthone occurs in W. xanthopustulatum.
Wirthiotrema has a pantropical distribution and usually is found in lowland to lower montane forests, where it grows on bark.
Species
Wirthiotrema desquamans
Wirthiotrema duplomarginatum
Wirthiotrema glaucopallens
Wirthiotrema santessonii
Wirthiotrema trypaneoides
Wirthiotrema xanthopustulatum – Brazil
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69874498
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sackett%20v.%20Environmental%20Protection%20Agency%20%282023%29
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Sackett v. Environmental Protection Agency (2023)
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Justice Brett Kavanaugh, joined by Justices Sonia Sotomayor, Elena Kagan, and Ketanji Brown Jackson, agreed with the majority opinion that the CWA did not apply to the Sacketts' property, but argued that the majority's new definition was incorrect and will have significant effects on regulated waters. Kavanaugh wrote: "Because of the movement of water between adjacent wetlands and other waters, pollutants in wetlands often end up in adjacent rivers, lakes, and other waters. Natural barriers such as berms and dunes do not block all water flow and are in fact evidence of a regular connection between a water and a wetland. Similarly, artificial barriers such as dikes and levees typically do not block all water flow, and those artificial structures were often built to control the surface water connection between the wetland and the water. The scientific evidence overwhelmingly demonstrates that wetlands separated from covered waters by those kinds of berms or barriers, for example, still play an important role in protecting neighboring and downstream waters, including by filtering pollutants, storing water, and providing flood control. In short, those adjacent wetlands may affect downstream water quality and flood control in many of the same ways that adjoining wetlands can."
Impact
Environmental advocacy group Earthjustice claims that over 59 million acres of wetlands are threatened by this ruling.
The EPA and Army Corps introduced their proposed final rule on wetlands, reflecting the opinion of the Supreme Court, in August 2023. The rule reduces the amount of wetlands covered by federal law, and leaves to the states the degree of protection wetlands not covered should have.
Related cases
Related cases include Orchard Hill Bldg. Co. v. United States Army Corps of Eng'rs, County of Maui v. Hawaii Wildlife Fund, and United States v. Riverside Bayview.
| 1.929688
| 0
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69874618
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence%20Ballin%20Cramer
|
Florence Ballin Cramer
|
One source claims that while she was still a child and traveling in Europe with her family, Cramer submitted a drawing in a contest held by the Herald Tribune and was awarded a silver medal for it. The New York Herald European Edition was probably meant since the Herald Tribune did not then exist. In 1907, she held her first public exhibition in her studio at 30 West 59th Street in Manhattan. Two years later, she showed paintings along with other members of the Woman's Art Club at Knoedler's Gallery in Manhattan. She continued to exhibit with this group over the next few years. A critic for the Brooklyn Daily Eagle praised work in the 1909 show as "distinguished for careful handling" and called Cramer's painting, "The Hill Road", "an honest work, thoroughly done." A critic for The New York Times said her painting called "Margot" in the 1910 show contained "some charming drawing and tells at a distance fairly well, but the delicacy with which the profile is modeled is somewhat sacrificed by the lack of delicacy in the relation between the figure and the background."
| 1.90625
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69874618
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence%20Ballin%20Cramer
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Florence Ballin Cramer
|
In the mid-1920s, when Woodstock artists began to appreciate and emulate American folk art, Cramer and her husband began a business that aimed to provide artists with examples of furniture, fabrics and other folk artifacts. They began selling art books at a local summer market and soon afterward Cramer opened a shop in their home in which she sold art books, antique furniture and furnishings, antiques, and both old and modern art prints. Eventually, the shop expanded to include Indian jewelry, rugs and fabrics, original drawings, and various gift merchandise among its offerings.
Cramer had previously begun an informal folk-like process of buying second hand furniture and then reconditioning and painting it for resale to collectors. She continued that practice after opening the shop, adding those artifacts to the store's merchandise.
Personal life and family
Cramer was born in Brooklyn on December 13, 1883. Her birth name was Florence Julia Ballin. Her parents were Jacob Ballin (1833-1887) and Adelaide Marx Ballin (1845-1922). Her father, who died when she was three, ran a successful manufacturing business. Born in Germany, he emigrated to New York and, aged 23 in 1856, began making and selling men's shirts in a business on Nassau Street in lower Manhattan. When his brother Moritz became his partner in 1877, the firm became known as Ballin Brothers and it survived under that name after Jacob's death and into the twentieth century. Cramer had two older brothers and four older and one younger sister, although only three of the six survived to become adults. After her father's death, her mother had sufficient income to support Cramer and her brother without having to work for a living. They were able to spend long periods traveling in Europe and during this time Cramer was able to become fluent in German.
| 2.40625
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69875482
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tustin%20Playbox
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Tustin Playbox
|
Tustin Playbox was a community theatre company based in Tustin, California that drew upon local amateurs and Hollywood professionals. Founded in 1952, the group presented different productions each summer season. From 1955 on it proved financially successful and helped launch the screen careers of several performers, before abruptly closing in July 1960.
Origin
Prior to 1952, there were only two theatre groups operating along the coast south of Los Angeles, the area covered by Orange and San Diego counties: the Laguna Beach Playhouse, founded in 1920, which had a dedicated building for its venue; and the now famous La Jolla Playhouse, founded in 1947, which used the auditorium of La Jolla High School for its productions through the early 1960s. The burgeoning growth in this area after 1945 convinced one local resident that there was a potential audience for a third theatre group.
May Rose Borum founded the Tustin Playbox in June 1952. She was a former Tustin High School English and Drama teacher, who had gone on to teach Drama at Los Angeles City College (LACC). She had prior associations with professional stage productions in the Los Angeles area, but was not herself a performer.
Borum convinced the Tustin Elementary School District to allow her to use the then new auditorium building at the Tustin Grammar School for staging plays in the summer when the school was closed. (The former Grammar School Auditorium building, at 300 South C Street, was converted to the Tustin Unified School District Administration Center in 1961–1962). The contract approved by the district charged $25 weekly rental and placed restrictions on what facilities could be used at the school.
| 2.40625
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69875822
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali%20Orumian
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Ali Orumian
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Sheikh Ali Orumian (; 1932 – 23 January 2024) was an Iranian Ayatollah. He served in the Second and Third terms of the Assembly of Experts, as well as the second term for the Islamic Consultative Assembly representing East Azerbaijan Province.
Biography
Ali Orumian was born to a family in Maragheh in 1932. Through his early years he was learning the Quran as well as his usual lessons in school. It was until he was in High School that he decided to attend the Maragheh Theological School where he was taught by Sheikh Aziz Adib. He then travelled to Qom to attend the Qom Seminary to further his Islamic knowledge. In Qom, he was taught by Mirza Muslim Malakouti. After spending some time in Qom, he decided to migrate to Najaf and continue his Islamic education in Hawza Najaf where he would spend most of his learning years in regards to Islamic jurisprudence. While in Najaf, he was taught by Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei, Muhsin al-Hakim, Abdullah Musawi Shirazi, and Mahmoud Shahroudi as well as Ruhollah Khomeini. However, he became very close to Ayatollah Shirazi and Ayatollah Khoei while in studying Najaf, and would attend their lectures quite frequently. He even wrote summaries of their lectures which he published in Najaf After spending 19 years in Najaf, he decided to return to Maragheh in 1973. During the ongoing politically charged climate in Iran, he gave Khutbahs (Islamic Sermons) on the Minbar (pulpit) about the Pahlavi regime which lead to him being sent to the police station for interrogation by SAVAK, and the eventual banning from giving lectures on the pulpit until the 1979 Iranian revolution.
After the revolution he served two terms in the Assembly of Experts as well as serving the second term of the Islamic Consultative Assembly. Three of his sons, Mehdi, Reza, and Mohsen died in combat during the Iran–Iraq War. His fourth son was badly injured during Operation Kheibar in Majnoon Island.
Orumian died from cardiac arrest on 23 January 2024, at the age of 92.
| 1.984375
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69875887
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Execution%20of%20John%20Grant
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Execution of John Grant
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Botched executions in Oklahoma
Lethal injections typically involve a three-drug cocktail consisting of an anesthetic (typically sodium thiopental), a muscle relaxant to paralyze an inmate's muscles and cease breathing, and potassium chloride to stop the inmate's heart and ultimately cause death. However, in the late 2000s, the company providing sodium thiopental to US states for execution stopped making the drug, and European manufacturers refused to sell sodium thiopental for use in executions, leading states that rely on lethal injection to face drug shortages. Several states, including Oklahoma, sought replacements; Oklahoma was one of at least six states to use midazolam, a sedative, in place of the previous anesthetic.
At the time of Grant's execution, a moratorium on executions had been in place in Oklahoma since January 2015 following two controversial executions in the state. The first, that of Clayton Lockett on April 29, 2014, involved Lockett having a violent reaction after being injected with the sedative midazolam; witnesses reported that Lockett twitched, convulsed, and spoke expressing his physical distress. Officials halted the execution, but Lockett died of a heart attack 43 minutes after the execution process began. Lockett's execution marked the first time Oklahoma had ever used midazolam as the first drug in their three-drug cocktail. The state subsequently revised their protocols to increase the dosage of midazolam administered to inmates.
The second controversial execution, and the one ultimately leading to the moratorium, was that of Charles Frederick Warner, who was executed in Oklahoma on January 15, 2015, using the protocol that increased the amount of midazolam administered. During the execution, Warner reportedly said, "It feels like acid," and "My body is on fire," but otherwise did not show any other signs of physical distress. Warner's execution took approximately 18 minutes.
| 1.921875
| 0
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69875907
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solinuu%20Shimasaki
|
Solinuu Shimasaki
|
Fano Solinuu Shimasaki (May 22, 1888 – April 17, 1958) was an American Samoan traditional chieftess and politician. Shimasaki was the first woman to serve as a Senator in the American Samoa Senate, the upper chamber of the American Samoa Fono. She held the chiefly title of "Fano", from the family's home village of Fagaʻalu.
Solinuu Shimasaki was born on May 22, 1888, in the village of Utulei on the island of Tutuila, present-day American Samoa, to Tuiaimo'o Fano and Tausisi'i Leta'a. In 1907, she married Masaitchido "Frank" Shimasaki (1877–1962), who was one of the first Japanese businessmen to immigrate to American Samoa. The couple had at least fourteen children, including Fano Frank Shimasaki (1913–1984), their last surviving son who also served as a member of the American Samoa Senate.
Fano Solinuu Shimasaki died in Fagaʻalu, Maʻopūtasi County, Eastern District, American Samoa, on April 17, 1958, at the age of 69. She was buried in Fagaʻalu village.
In March 2021, U.S. Congresswoman Amata Coleman Radewagen released a statement paying tribute to Fano Shimasaki, as well as Mabel Coleman Reid, the first woman elected to the American Samoa House of Representatives, to mark Women's History Month.
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69875999
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simone%20LeAmon
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Simone LeAmon
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Lecturer, RMIT University
LeAmon is currently an Adjunct Professor in the College of Design and Social Context at RMIT University. She also supervised honours students and taught product design and design history in the Industrial Design Department from 2003 to 2015 at the RMIT School of Architecture and Design.
Artist and designer
LeAmon has co-founded two design studios: n+1 equals interdisciplinary studio (1998-2003) with Charles Anderson; and Simone LeAmon Design and Creative Strategy (2003-2015). Between 2013 and 2016, LeAmon also had a collaborative practice with architect Edmund Carter. LeAmon's art and design practice has been applied to product and furniture design, interior design, contemporary jewellery, and speculative design.
Well known design projects by LeAmon include: the crescent design for the Australian Islamic Centre; Lighting products for Rakumba Lighting; Bespoke lift interiors for the Juilliard Group; Melbourne Arts Walk masterplan and design for Arts Centre Melbourne; and her popular Bowling Arm bangles.
Between 2007 and 2010, LeAmon was creative director for Australian manufacturer PLANEX, and was invited to present design concepts for international manufacturers Oluce and Dainese, Italy.
LeAmon's art and design work has been exhibited in solo and group exhibitions internationally, including: "Unexpected Pleasures", Design Museum London (2012); "Freestyle: New Australian Design for Living", Triennale di Milano (2008); "Anytime Soon", 1000 Eventi Milano (2005); "Quiet Collision", Viafarini Gallery Milano (2003); and "MOTO Showroom", Gertrude Contemporary Arts Spaces Melbourne (2003).
Curator, National Gallery of Victoria (NGV), Melbourne
In 2013, LeAmon was guest curator and co-exhibition designer for the design component NGV's groundbreaking exhibition "Melbourne Now: The Design Wall" installation, which featured 700 objects and 40 design projects by leading Melbourne product designers and manufacturers.
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69876190
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alhaji%20Barhath
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Alhaji Barhath
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Chunda showed his skill as a warrior and began expanding his territory. In 1395, Mandore was given as dowry to Rao Chunda by the Inda Rajputs and eventually became the capital of the Rathores. Alhaji was instrumental in this alliance as he convinced Raidhaval Inda to marry his daughter to Chunda. Rao Chunda inherited the Rathore mantle and was instrumental in the move of the Rathores from the marginal Mahewa belt to Mandore.
Reunion
Years after Chunda was installed on the throne of Mandor, Alhaji remembered Chunda and wished to see him. He travelled to Mandore to meet Chunda where he stayed in the court but didn't feel the need to introduce himself. As Chunda didn't recognize him initially among the host of courtiers, one day, Alhaji is said to have spoken this couplet:
Hearing this, Chunda became aware of Alhaji and rose up to greet him. As a sign of gratitude, Chunda offered half of his kingdom to Alhaji, which he refused. After a lot of insistence, Alhaji accepted only twelve kos long and twelve kos wide land enough for the pasture of his cows and horses.
Legacy
Today, three villages named Bhondu, Sihanda and Chak-Dair are inhabited in the same land by the descendants of Alhaji. Chunda also granted other villages in his jagir. Alhaji had two sons - the elder son's name was Dulhaji and the younger one's name was Jethaji. Dulhaji, in turn, had a daughter called Malhan Devi, who is worshipped as an incarnation of Shakti.
Authorship
Alhaji had composed the work 'Veermayan', a fragmentary copy of which was discovered at Shubhkaran Kaviya of Jodhpur. This work has verses ranging from 90 to 160. It recounts the story of Viramdev, father of Chunda, who ultimately dies in a battle with Johiyas. It is distinct from 'Veervan' (1960 AD) published by Rajasthan Prachya Vidya Pratishthan, Jodhpur and edited by Lakshmi Kumari Chundawat. According to Udairaj Ujjwal, three original copies of this work remained with the descendants of Alhaji.
| 2.578125
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69876254
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mama%20Tumaini
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Mama Tumaini
|
Mama Tumaini – Tumaini betyr håp (Mother Hope) is a Norwegian–Tanzanian drama film and family film from 1986. It was directed by Martin Mhando and Sigve Endresen. The story takes place in Tanzania and Norway. The film is based on an African script, and it mostly features African actors and an African crew.
The film was produced with support from the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation. The film was not released in commercial theaters in Norway, but screened at the Norwegian International Film Festival, held in Kristiansand in 1986.
Plot
Two women, one black and one white, meet in Dar es Salaam in East Africa in 1986. Both are there because of their men. The white woman is a professional's wife, and the black woman is leaving her village because her husband is taking a job in the big city. Across the racial divide and major social and economic barriers, a friendship develops between the two women. The plot is based on a real event that happened in the 1970s.
Cast
Mary Chibwana
Per Christian Ellefsen as Jan
Sigrid Huun as Lisbeth
Penina Mlama as Mama Tumaini
| 2.046875
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69876497
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%20convoy%20protest
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Canada convoy protest
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An October 21, 2021, federal briefing said that the provinces and territorieswho hold all of the vaccination informationare responsible for providing the vaccine passport that Canadians needed to travel internationally, using "existing provincial proof of vaccination systems". By 2022, all provinces and territories had "vaccine passports with the QR code that meets the recommended Canadian standard for domestic and international travel". There is no federal mandate for COVID-19 vaccines in Canada. With healthcare capacity spread "too thin" during the "rising fifth wave driven by the Omicron variant" in early January 2022, federal Health Minister Jean-Yves Duclos's suggestion of mandatory COVID-19 vaccines was rejected by Alberta Premier Jason Kenney, whose government had removed the power of mandatory vaccination from the province's Public Health Act, to ensure there could not be a vaccine mandate.
Since October 29, proof of vaccination has been mandatory for employees of federal public services and federally-regulated industries including banking. By early January, in these public sectors, those "without proof, or an exemption on medical or religious grounds, has been put on unpaid leave". Since the end of October, Canadians who wish to travel domestically on cruise ships or by VIA Rail trains have been required to prove they are fully vaccinated or have a negative COVID-19 test.
The January 15 enforcement of the vaccination requirement applies to truckers who are entering Canada at international border crossings. Since January 15, unvaccinated American cross-border truckers have been denied entry into Canada. Canadian truckers who are not fully vaccinated "have to show proof of a negative PCR test collected within 72 hours of arriving at the border"; they also "need to quarantine after arrival".
| 1.945313
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69877896
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master%20of%20Middle-Earth
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Master of Middle-Earth
|
Carol Leibiger, writing in Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts, commented that "Kocher ... was unable to include The Silmarillion ... in his study, and he never revised this work to include it, which diminishes its usefulness for any audience seeking to understand Tolkien's Middle-Earth works."
Analysis
The Jesuit priest John L. Treloar wrote in Mythlore that Kocher notices Tolkien's tendency to move away from personifying evil towards making it an abstract entity, but ascribes this to Tolkien's familiarity as a Roman Catholic with the writings of Thomas Aquinas. Treloar argues that Aquinas derived his concepts from Saint Augustine. He explains that Augustine had argued that God is entirely good, making it awkward to explain how evil could exist; Augustine wrestled with this, concluding that everything that God had created was good in the beginning. Treloar writes that the artist in Tolkien would have been attracted by Augustine's struggle. He notes that if Kocher had had the help of The Silmarillion, he might have seen that Tolkien's Augustinian view of evil as the absence of good was "even more pervasive [in Middle-earth] than Kocher realizes".
Awards
In 1973 Kocher won the Mythopoeic Society's Scholarship in Inkling Studies Award for Master of Middle-Earth.
| 1.953125
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69877941
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drazinderetes
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Drazinderetes
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Drazinderetes is a large bodied genus of soft shell turtle from the Middle Eocene Drazinda Formation of Pakistan. Its presence in the shallow marine deposits of the Drazinda Formation suggests that Drazinderetes may have been a partially or fully marine animal. Indetermined trionychine remains from the same formation may suggest that Drazinderetes could have been among the largest known turtles, with one entoplastron indicating a potential length of . Drazinderetes currently consists of only a single species: Drazinderetes tethyensis.
Discovery and naming
The first surveys of the Drazinda Formation were conducted in 1993 and 1996 by the Geological Survey of Pakistan and the University of Michigan. The holotype (GSP-UM 3 195) of Drazinderetes, a nearly complete carapace, was found during the 1996 exploration of the area west of Satta Post in sediments of Bartonian age (39 - 38 Ma) that also yielded archaeocetes, including Basiloterus, and primitive sea cows.
Several other remains assigned to softshell turtles have been found from the same sediments, however they largely don't overlap with the type specimen and can thus not be directly referred to it. This includes GSP-UM 3019, an exceptionally large entoplastron, and GSP-UM 3 185, a small hypoplastron possibly belonging to a juvenile specimen. GSP-UM 3 185, a carapace fragment, is the only specimen to overlap with the holotype. It is slightly larger and heavily weathered, with smooth edges that do not match what is observed in the type specimen. Given the insufficient material, these specimen could only be designated as Trionychidae indet. and like the holotype, all these specimen have been collected in 1996.
The name derives from the Drazinda Formation and "eretes", Greek for rower (mirroring the name of Aspideretes). The species name derives from the Tethys Sea, which the animal likely inhabited.
| 2.546875
| 0
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69879585
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodt%20%28Lo%C3%9Fburg%29
|
Rodt (Loßburg)
|
Rodt is a village and a former municipality in Loßburg (Lossburg) in the district of Freudenstadt in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
History
In 1319 Albrecht von Ehningen sold Rodt (then called "Rode"), with stewardship and appurtenances ("Vogtei und Zubehör") as well as the meadowland ("Brühl") near Loßburg (i.e., the castle meadows), to the Lords of Neuneck zu Glatt. With the woodland of the Vogt (Vogteiwald) of Reichenbach Priory, the village had a significantly larger territory than Loßburg. The Burgstall (abandoned castle site) in Steinbühl indicates that the settlement is much older. (See "Fortifications" below.)
In 1514, as in the lordship of Loßburg, the peasants in Rodt revolted and joined the peasant uprising of the "Poor Konrad" leagues. Hans Schneck, Valentin Ungemach and Balthasar Schauder, all three "seated in the Rode", were imprisoned in Glatt Castle and had to swear an Urfehde (an agreement not to feud) on 13 October 1514. After that, they were released, but had to pay a fine of 21 guilders. A week earlier, Heinrich Wiest and Jacob Brunner had been released from captivity; Wiest was expelled from the country for his activities. The captures and the conditions of release (signature of an Urfehde) took place without a court ruling: the relatives of the accused often pushed for an Urfehde, as a court ruling would usually have been much stricter.
In 1601, Duke Frederick of Württemberg acquired the village of Rodt from Wildhans von Neuneck zu Dettensee and it became the first constituent part of the Amt of the newly-founded Freudenstadt. In 1619, the then Duke of Württemberg sold the entire estate to 16 citizens of Rodt, thus finally ending the old dominance of the castle at Rodt.
| 1.9375
| 0
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69879618
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giacomina%20Lapenna
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Giacomina Lapenna
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Giacomina Lapenna (born Giacomina Lapenna, December 14, 1924 - died September 30, 2013) was an Italian entrepreneur, journalist, teacher, and communication expert. She was the first woman in Italy to work in the field of public relations. In 1958, she co-founded the National Union of Public Relations Experts, Italy. She was also a member of several international public relations organizations and of the European association of women executives.
Personal life
Lapenna, born in Trieste in 1924 to Donato, father and Maddalena Raccamarich, mother. She graduated in modern literature at the University of Trieste.
In 1951, on behalf of the University of Trieste, she served as director, the cultural initiatives office, which was the first structure for public relations in an Italian university. In 1954 she founded the Italian language and culture courses for foreigners in Gargnano, an initiative of the University of Milan.
She opened a public relations firm in Milan in 1962. She was co-founder in 1958 of UNERP (National Union of Public Relations Experts), which was later renamed FIRP (Italian Federation of Public Relations) in 1968. Founding member in 1970 in Milan of FERPI (FEderation Italian Public Relations), was vice-president from 1970 to 1973 and board member for over 20 years. From 1975 to 1990 the Persona Project was conceived and implemented, a psychological training program for managers. It was an intensive training course, through individual consultancy or seminars, for the enhancement and improvement in communication of managers, entrepreneurs, freelancers and politicians. Since 1980, she was an advisor and trainer of the Donne in Carriera (Career Women) network, founded by Federica Olivares, later called EWMD (European Women's Management Development) Italy, the association of women managers in Europe. In 1999 she began organizing and carrying out advanced training summer camps in Gargnano, on Lake Garda.
| 1.914063
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69880496
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi%20Victims%20Memorial%20in%20Lund
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Nazi Victims Memorial in Lund
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The Nazi Victims Memorial in Lund is located in in Lund, Sweden. It was erected to honor the 26 Polish refugees who came to Sweden from Nazi concentration camps in Germany after the end of World War II and died shortly upon arrival. The memorial consists of a sculpture and a memorial plate.
The sculpture depicts an angel holding in his right hand a deceased dove with outstretched wings symbolizing the innocent victim who suffered martyrdom. From the left hand, a dove rises to the sky, symbolizing victory and freedom - the immortal and liberated soul of the deceased victim. The sculpture, created by the Hungarian-Swedish-Japanese artist Nándor Wagner, alludes to the Gospel of Mark 16:6 “Don't be alarmed. You are looking for Jesus the Nazarene, who was crucified. He has risen!”. In front of the sculpture is a marble plate with Poland's coat of arms, the White Eagle, with the text "To the victims of the concentration camps—Polish compatriots" engraved on the sides of the plate.
The memorial was unveiled on October 27, 1963.
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69880657
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruahei%20Demant
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Ruahei Demant
|
Rugby career
Encouraged by their mother Vikki, Demant and her sister Kiritapu played touch rugby for Mahurangi, Harbour, Sharks and in the Whangteau competition. They were coached by former All Black Glen Osborne and his wife, Kylee. Both were selected for the New Zealand under 15 girls team. The sisters also played basketball, football, netball, rugby sevens and fifteen-a-side rugby at secondary school.
While playing for Mahurangi College senior girls touch team, Demant suffered what a ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) injury to her knee. As a result she was forced to miss her final touch tournament with the team.
Demant also began playing fifteen-a-side rugby at Mahurangi and loved it but while the school was able to field 15 players in her first year, it dropped to 10 in the second which was insufficient to field a team. With limited opportunities for girls to play rugby in their region Demant and Kiritapu became aware that the College Rifles Rugby Club in Remuera, Auckland was a supportive environment for girls and women’s rugby. Upon arriving for their first training run Demant later recalled “I remember Dad drove Kiritapu and me to our first practice and we saw these huge Tongan props approaching the car. We begged Dad to take us home, but he refused.”
In 2012 during her final year at high school Demant was selected at the age of 17 for the Auckland Storm rugby team, which went on to win that year’s Farah Palmer Cup. Her rugby was curtailed early in the 2013 season, when 10 minutes into a game against Taranaki she ruptured the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in her left knee. Following reconstruction she returned the team for the following season, during which the Auckland Storm again won the Farah Palmer Cup.
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69880689
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lili%CA%BBuokalani%20Trust
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Liliʻuokalani Trust
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The Trust also provides community assistance during major crises including the Kīlauea eruptions and COVID-19. To support impacted communities, LT partnered with Ham's Produce and Seafood, which allowed for over 285 food distributions.
The Trust also employs a Research, Evaluation, and Strategy team that aims to create and disseminate new and radical knowledge about Native Hawaiian wellbeing. The Trust communicated with over 300 stakeholders to spread awareness on breaking the cycle of poverty for Native Hawaiians, and developed a Systems Map which focuses on the following areas: "Heal Trauma," "Strengthen 'Ohana," "Kūpuna and Keiki", and "Strengthen Collective". The Trust has addressed food security in Hawai'i and "co-hosted a panel of experts" to identify solutions to this issue.
Collaborations
LT collaborates with other child-serving organizations including the Department of Human Services, Child Welfare Services, and Family Programs Hawaiʻi. One example of its partnership efforts is the Ka Pili ʻOhana (KPO) program with Child and Family Service.
In 2016, the Trust contributed $50,000 to the University of Hawaiʻi to support the creation of a professorship at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Myron B. Thompson School of Social Work, with the goal of creating a program based on Native Hawaiian culture and the training of health professionals . Working with the Myron B. Thompson School of Social Work, the Trust and school students produced a report, "Changing the Story: Strategies for Guiding Native Hawaiian Youth to Success".
The Trust collaborates with national-level partners, including the Aspen State Institute. The two organizations delivered a report on the Hawaiʻi youth sports landscape titled "State of Play: Hawaiʻi".
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69881243
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammostola%20grossa
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Grammostola grossa
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Grammostola grossa, the Guarani giant tarantula, is a tarantula that, like all species of the genus Grammostola, is native to South America. It occurs in Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina. The species was described in 1871 by the Austrian Anton Ausserer, but only received its trivial name Guarani giant Tarantula in the 21st century by the anthropologist Nils Seethaler. The name was given to the spider because of its abundance in the Guarani settlement area, whose agriculture and the associated clearing of forests extended its range.
Characteristics
With a body length of up to 8 cm it is one of the larger representatives of tarantulas. It has a black-brown ground colour and brown hairs. Like all Grammostola species, it has a clearly visible stinging hair on the abdomen (Opisthosoma), so it belongs to the so-called "bombardier spiders", which can defend themselves with stinging hairs. Females are said to be able to live up to 25 years.
Behaviour
Grammostola grossa is a terrestrial bird spider. It hides under roots, pieces of bark, stones or fallen leaves. In colder months and during moulting and brood care, it retreats into living burrows, which it lines with spider silk.
Habitat changes by humans due to livestock, agriculture and timber farming have allowed this species to spread. Many spiders are found in cattle pastures and forest edges.
Keeping in terrarium
Many animals of this species are kept in terrariums. They have been offered in specialised trade since the 1980s, first under the false species name Grammostola pulchripes. This was identified in 1994 by Günter E. W. Schmidt as G. grossa. It was sometimes also offered under the false species name Grammostola mollicoma, which in turn is a synonym for another species of tarantula (Grammostola anthracina).
| 2.5625
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69881289
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm%20J.%20Bennett
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Malcolm J. Bennett
|
Malcolm Bennett, a Fellow of the Royal Society, is Professor of Plant Science at the University of Nottingham.
Education and career
He obtained his BSc in biochemistry with Molecular Biology from the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology in 1985 His PhD was from the University of Warwick in 1989. Bennett has held a number of prestigious fellowships including a BBSRC Professorial Research Fellowship, a European Research Council Advanced Investigator Fellowship and a Royal Society Wolfson Research Fellowship. In 2020 he was elected to Fellowship of the Royal Society.
Bennett's research is focused on the ’hidden half of plants,’ exploring how roots grow, develop and adapt to their soil environment. His group has characterised many of the regulatory signals, genes and molecular mechanisms that control root growth and developmental responses. Bennett is co-director of the Hounsfield Facility which uses X-ray based microCT to non-invasively image roots in soil.
Bennett has published more than 200 articles in scientific journals.
Selected publications
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69881880
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulare%20County%20Area%20Transit
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Tulare County Area Transit
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Tulare County Area Transit (TCaT) was the county-operated bus agency providing service between cities and local community circulator routes in Tulare County, California; transit within the larger cities was provided by agencies operated by those communities, including Dinuba (DART), Porterville (Porterville Transit), Tulare (TIME), and Visalia (Visalia Transit); connections are provided to Delano (DART) in neighboring Kern County.
TCaT began in 1981 with two distinct systems: rural intercity fixed routes within Tulare County and commuter routes to Visalia; the two systems were consolidated in 2000 and was rebranded to TCaT in 2006. TCaT routes are now operated by the Tulare County Regional Transit Agency (TCRTA), which was formed as a joint powers agency in 2020 by the city and county governments of Tulare County, with the exception of Visalia.
History
The county began offering public transportation as COACH (rural intercity fixed routes) and STAGE (commuter service to Visalia, the county seat and largest city) in 1981 as Tulare County Transit alongside dial-a-ride point-to-point services for smaller communities in the county. COACH and STAGE were merged in fiscal year 2000–01 and Tulare County Transit was rebranded to TCaT in 2006.
MV Transportation has been the operating contractor for TCaT since 2006. Under a regional transit coordination study, it was proposed to reassign TCaT routes to municipal operators, with Visalia taking over 10, 30, and 50, and Porterville operating 40 and 70.
Services
TCaT operates intercity routes seven days a week; most circulator routes operate on weekdays only. No service is provided on specific holidays (New Year's Day, Easter Sunday, Memorial Day, Independence Day (July 4), Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day (December 25)) and Sunday service is provided on other holidays (Martin Luther King Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Veterans Day, Day after Thanksgiving, Christmas Eve).
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69882301
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/219th%20Rifle%20Division
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219th Rifle Division
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219th Motorized Division
The division began forming in March 1941, as part of the prewar buildup of Soviet mechanized forces at Akhtyrka in the Kharkov Military District as part of the 25th Mechanized Corps. Once formed its order of battle was as follows:
710th Motorized Rifle Regiment
727th Motorized Rifle Regiment
136th Tank Regiment (until August 24, 1941)
673rd Artillery Regiment
45th Antitank Battalion
232nd Antiaircraft Battalion
287th Reconnaissance Battalion
382nd Light Engineering Battalion
592nd Signal Battalion
217th Artillery Park Battalion
374th Medical/Sanitation Battalion
696th Motor Transport Battalion
165th Repair and Restoration Battalion
57th Regulatory Company
476th Chemical Defense (Anti-gas) Company
219th Divisional Artillery Park
692nd Field Postal Station
518th Field Office of the State Bank
Maj. Gen. Pavel Petrovich Korzun was appointed to command on March 11. This officer had previously commanded the 9th Cavalry Division before serving for over a year as an instructor at the Frunze Military Academy. The division may have had a few tanks assigned to it by the start of the German invasion as there were some 300 on strength with 25th Corps. Maj. Gen. S. M. Krivoshein, the Corps commander, quickly grouped all his tanks in the tank divisions of the Corps, leaving the 219th as, effectively, a reinforced motorized rifle brigade. Along with the rest of the Corps it was chronically short of artillery, antiaircraft guns and trucks.
| 2.203125
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69882301
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/219th%20Rifle%20Division
|
219th Rifle Division
|
Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh Offensive
After regrouping its southern forces in the first days of 1943 the STAVKA was determined to defeat the Axis forces (primarily the 2nd Hungarian Army and remnants of Italian 8th Army) operating along the VoronezhKursk and Kharkov axes. The first task was to crush the forces defending the area of Ostrogozhsk and Rossosh, which would primarily involve forces of Voronezh Front. By the start of the new year the 219th had been assigned to the 18th Rifle Corps, which also contained the 161st, 270th and 309th Rifle Divisions plus the 10th Ski Brigade and was directly under Voronezh Front command. The Front commander, Lt. Gen. F. I. Golikov, created three shock groupings for the offensive: a northern group consisting of 40th Army, a southern group based on 3rd Tank Army, and 18th Corps as a central group, which was to step off from the Shchuche bridgehead over the Don and link up with the two Armies by the fourth day in the areas of Ostrogozhsk and Kamenka. The 219th was in the Corps' first echelon. The offensive was to begin with probing attacks on January 12 followed by the main effort the following day. On the second day the division was to advance with the 96th Tank Brigade in the direction of Yekaterinovka and Saguny and by the fourth day was to capture Dankovskii and Lykovo, covering an average of about 12km each day.
| 2.1875
| 0
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69882927
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artaani%20%28historical%20region%29
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Artaani (historical region)
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Artaani is a historical Georgian province on the territory of modern Turkey's Ardahan Province. It is traditionally divided in two sub-provinces of Lower Artaani and Upper Artaani respectively corresponding to left and right banks of Mtkvari river. According to the medieval chronicler Leonti Mroveli the fortified city of Artaani was built by legendary ethnarch Javakhos. Later Pharnavaz I of Iberia founded the Saeristavo of Tsunda which came to include Artaani among with the provinces of Kola and Erusheti. During the 12th and 13th centuries the dukes of Artaani had the title of Monapire (ruler of the borderlands, Margrave). Later part of Samtskhe-Saatabago Artaani was annexed by the Ottomans in the 16th century. Divided into two parts, lesser part of the region entered Kars Eyalet while the greater part entered Childir Eyalet. Parakani was the major city of Greater Artaani at that time. After the Russo-Turkish war of 1877–1878 Artaani became part of the Russian Empire in accordance with the treaty of San Stefano. In 1918 it was occupied by Turkey but in 1919 Georgian forces led by general Giorgi Kvinitadze took its control. Kars treaty of 1921 ceded Artaani to Turkey after the sovietization of Georgia.
| 2.3125
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69883026
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard%20Moore%20%28burgess%29
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Bernard Moore (burgess)
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Bernard Moore (1720–1775) was a prominent landowner and member of the Virginia House of Burgesses representing King William County. His brother-in-law, powerful speaker John Robinson made unauthorized loans to Moore and other allies, discovered after Robinson's death in 1766, which caused his estate's administrator (and future jurist) Edmund Pendleton and creditors including George Washington to auction Moore's land and 55 slaves.
Early and family life
Moore was born to the former Elizabeth Todd Seaton, second wife of Augustine Moore (1685-1743), who had emigrated from England and become a successful merchant, then tobacco planter in the York River watershed in Virginia. The couple probably married in 1715, since Moore's English-born first wife Mary Gage died in childbirth in 1713. His father's family traced their lineage to a Lord Mayor of London and Sir Thomas More. His maternal grandfather, Thomas Todd (1660-1724) had a plantation in Gloucester County, Toddsbury. This man's first name honors the surname of his maternal grandfather, William Bernard, a merchant and member of the Governor's Council. His mother's first husband, Henry Seaton (1659-1713) had died, leaving land in Spotsylvania County as well as a King William County estate called Romancoke and a "Brick House", to his infant son George Seaton (1711-1750), so Augustine Moore raised him at his Chelsea plantation, together with his own children. Chelsea is near the Mattaponi River in King William County, about six miles upstream from its junction forming the York River at present day West Point.
| 2.375
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69883026
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard%20Moore%20%28burgess%29
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Bernard Moore (burgess)
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When his father died in 1743, Bernard Moore inherited land and slaves in King William, King and Queen, Spotsylvania and New Kent Counties. To purchase additional slaves to farm this land, Moore borrowed money from fellow planters, including Daniel Parke Custis and William Claiborne. In 1761 Moore sought to acquire an iron forge, and borrowed money from his brother-in-law John Robinson, who was speaker of the House of Burgesses and one of the representatives from King and Queen County. When Robinson died unexpectedly in May 1766, he proved heavily indebted. Furthermore, the administrator of his estate (Edmund Pendleton) discovered that Robinson had not destroyed old Virginia currency as authorized by law, but instead loaned it out to political allies (in effect embezzling circa £110,000 from the Virginia treasury), and Pendleton sought to recover those funds to repay Robinson's creditors. The largest loans went to William Byrd, but Bernard Moore owed the second highest amount (£8,500).
Voters in New Kent County first elected Bernard Moore as one of their representatives in the House of Burgesses in 1744, since Thomas West died, and re-elected him until 1758, when Peter Robinson succeeded to that part-time position. However, Moore again won election in 1761, only to be replaced again in 1766, this time by Henry Gaines, who died before the session, but was replaced by Thomas Claiborne. Either Bernard Moore or his son of the same name, again won election in 1769, despite the debate about Robinson's improprieties. In the last session of the House of Burgesses, this man's son Augustine Moore replaced Phillip Whitehead Claiborne, who had died before taking office.
Death and legacy
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69883244
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhimsain
|
Bhimsain
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Bhimsain (born Bhimsain Khurana; November 24, 1936 – April 17, 2018) was an Indian film director, producer, screenwriter and animator. He is best known as the Father of Indian Animation, along with his mentor Ram Mohan. He was the recipient of 16 President's National Awards for his contributions to Indian cinema.
He is best known for directing the critically acclaimed Gharaonda (1977) starring Amol Palekar and Zarina Wahab, and Dooriyaan (1979) starring Sharmila Tagore and Uttam Kumar. He is also known for creating the animation short film Ek Anek Aur Ekta (1974) which aired on Doordarshan in the 70s. Bhimsain has also directed India's largest animation series Vartmaan (1994).
Early life
Born in Multan (now in Pakistan) in 1936, Bhimsain moved to Lucknow after the partition. Belonging to family of artists, he gravitated to arts and music early, studying fine arts and learning classical music at the Lucknow College of Arts and Crafts which held him in good stead throughout his life. In 1961, Bhimsain moved to Mumbai after he secured a job at the Films Division of India as background painter. It is here that he learned the art and craft of animation filmmaking, under the mentorship of Ram Mohan.
Career
Bhimsain made his debut with the animation short The Climb (1970) which earned him the Silver Hugo Award at the Chicago International Film Festival.
Soon after, he directed and produced several animation and ad films. He further established his repute as a director and producer with his landmark animation short Ek Anek Aur Ekta (1974). This film got him another National Film Award in the same year and has had over 500 screening on Doordarshan.
In 1976, Bhimsain produced and directed his first feature film Gharaonda (1977). It was written by Academy Award-winner Gulzar and starred Amol Palekar and Zarina Wahab. It received more than 30 awards including 5 Filmfare awards. This was followed by two other feature films, of which Doooriyan received an additional Filmfare award.
| 1.992188
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69883306
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%20Kingwatsiak
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Anna Kingwatsiak
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Anna Kingwatsiak (1911–1971) was an Inuit visual artist.
Personal life
Kingwatsiak was born in a camp near Kimmirut in 1911, on the south shore of Baffin Island in what is now Nunavut. She was the oldest child in an artistic family, as several of her siblings were also accomplished artists, including Keeleemeeoomee Samualie (born 1919), Iyola (born 1933), Tye Adla (born 1936) and Mikigak Kingwatsiak. In the 1930s her family moved closer to Kinngait, but Kingwatsiak, who had already married, remained in Kimmirut. After her husband's 1961 death from tuberculosis she moved to Kinngait to be closer to her sisters.
Art
Kingwatsiak produced drawings depicting Inuit imagery and typical scenes of Inuit life. Many of her drawings were made into prints by the West Baffin Eskimo Co-operative. She also designed printed home textiles as part of an effort to develop a commercial market for the co-operative's art in the 1950s and 1960s.
Her works are held in permanent collections at the National Gallery of Canada, the McMichael Collection, the Rhode Island School of Design Museum, the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, and the Art Gallery of Guelph.
| 2.140625
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69883683
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%20Wonmok
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Queen Wonmok
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Queen Wonmok of the Icheon Sŏ clan (; 998 – 16 June 1057) was the granddaughter of Sŏ Hŭi and the 6th wife of King Hyeonjong of Goryeo.
Biography
The future Queen Wonmok was born in 998 into the Icheon Sŏ clan as the daughter of Sŏ Nul () and Lady Ch'oe () She had a younger brother, Sŏ Su () whom his descendants later held a noble position in the Goryeo Royal court.
Palace life
In 1022 (13rd year reign of Hyeonjong of Goryeo), she firstly entered the palace and honoured as Suk-Bi () and given a Royal title of Princess Heungseong () while lived in "Heungseong Palace" (). In the same year, her father, Seo Nul held positions such as Jungchusahsangisangsi () and Seogyeongyusupansa (), also during King Deokjong's reign, Seo Nul became Munhasijung ().
Then, in 1026, Hyeonjong gave her biological mother, Lady Choe a title of "Grand Lady of Icheon County" () and her stepmother, Lady Jeong a title of "Grand Lady of Icheon County" ().
Later life, Death and funeral
She outlived at least 26 years since her late husband's death in 1031 and later died on 16 June 1057 during the 11st year reign of her stepson, King Munjong. Although she was also one of the king's stepmother, but since she didn't have her own child, so many Ministers in the court told Munjong to not wear the "Sang-bok" (상복, 喪服; "mourning clothes") and he followed it as a result. For the same reason, her ancestral rites were not held on the New Year's Day.
Her body was cremated, but where her tomb's location is unknown since no records left about that. Under his command too, she was posthumously called as Queen Wonmok ().
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69883703
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual%20Heretics
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Sexual Heretics
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Sexual Heretics: Male Homosexuality in English Literature from 1850 to 1900 (1970) is an anthology by Brian Reade, published by Coward-McCann.
Outline
Sexual Heretics discusses a growing clandestine literature on the topic of male homosexuality (termed "Uranianism" at the time), in English literature and the growth of a homosexual subculture in England from the 1850s, ending shortly after the trials of Oscar Wilde in 1895. The book, which contains 89 selections of prose and poetry, has been described by E. M. Forster biographer Wendy Moffat as "the first serious attempt to recuperate a lost gay canon in print". It included works of prose, scholarly literature and ribald poetry.
Reade attributes the emergence of a homosexual subculture to the "sexually inhibitive" and controlling matriarchs within Victorian households, as well as the rise of middle-class families who sent their sons to colleges such as Winchester and Harrow "where homosexuality flourished because it was expedient", and the rise of neoclassicism which romanticised pederasty in ancient Greece.
Although a number of openly homosexual poets such as began to produce homosexual-themed works during this time period, Reade notes that even heterosexual poets such as Alfred, Lord Tennyson contained homosexual or homoerotic subtexts in their poems (for example Tennyson's "In Memoriam A.H.H."), including such texts ad they feature literary evidence of homosexual feelings and of "homosexuality as a romantic stimulus". Because of this, some critics have said that Reade still overestimates the extent of male homosexuality in English literature in this period.
Alex Comfort, the author of The Joy of Sex, wrote that by including works such as "In Memoriam" and Adonais, while excluding Rochester's Sodom or Lord Byron's Don Leon, Reade only focuses on homosexual literature that is written in a camp style.
Works included
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69883821
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional%20Jewish%20chronology
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Traditional Jewish chronology
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According to the Aramaic Scroll of Antiochus, from the Second Temple's rebuilding till the 23rd year of the reign of Antiochus Eupator, son of Antiochus Epiphanes who invaded Judaea, there had transpired 213 years in total (i.e. since the Second Temple's construction under Darius). Quoting verbatim from that ancient Aramaic record:
(Literal translation: In the twenty third year of his kingdom, in the two-hundred and thirteenth year of the rebuilding of this, God's house, he (Antiochus Eupator) put his face to go up to Jerusalem.)
This time period given for Antiochus Eupator's reign is taken in conjunction with another record mentioned by Josephus, in his Antiquities of the Jews (12.9.2.). Based on Josephus's record, who cites from the First Book of Maccabees (6:16), Antiochus Eupator began his reign after his father's death (Antiochus Epiphanes) in anno 149 of the Seleucid era (= 162 BCE). Twenty-three years into Antiochus Eupator's reign would have then been anno 172 of the Seleucid Era, or what was then 139 BCE. Since, according to the Scroll of Antiochus, the Second Temple had already been standing 213 years, this means that the Second Temple was completed in anno 352 BCE, being what was then the 6th year of the reign of Darius the king (i.e. Darius, the son of Hystaspes), the year in which the king finished its building according to Ezra 6:15. Jewish tradition, which assigns 420 years to its duration, means that its destruction occurred in 68 CE.
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69883821
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional%20Jewish%20chronology
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Traditional Jewish chronology
|
According to Maimonides (1138-1205), the reckoning of the Sabbatical years and Jubilees was renewed in Israel when Ezra the Scribe came up to the land in the Temple's seventh year (346 BCE), and which same year became the 1st-year of the seven-year cycle, the first Sabbatical year being made seven years later when the Temple had stood for thirteen years. Maimonides, in his Responsa, repeats the same claims, but is less specific. Prior to Ezra's arrival, the Sabbatical years and Jubilee had been broken-off during the years of exile. This renewed counting, which Ezra initiated in the Temple's seventh year (six years after its rebuilding), happened to fall in anno 346 BCE, which year marked the 1st year of the new seven-year cycle.
Arguments in favor of the priority of this Jewish tradition are had in a statement made in the First Book of Maccabees, and later cited by Josephus in his Antiquities, where it is learnt that the "year 150 of the Seleucid dominion" was a Sabbatical year in the Land of Israel. This same year corresponds to the Fall of 162 BCE (lunar month Tishri), continuing unto the Fall of the following year in 161 BCE (lunar month Elul). By taking the year in which the seven-year cycle was reinstated in Israel with Ezra's return in 346 BCE (accounting for the adjustment of the Jubilee every 50 years and beginning anew the seven-year cycle in the 51st year), the year 162/161 BCE (being the 150th year of the Seleucid era) was, indeed, a Sabbatical year.
| 2.390625
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69884349
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional%20Acceleratory%20Phenomenon
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Regional Acceleratory Phenomenon
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Regional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP) is a sudden acceleration of normal tissue processes in reaction to noxious stimuli. It has been exploited in treatments such as the healing of atrophic or oligotrophic nonunions and surgically facilitated orthodontic therapy.
Background
In the early 1980s, American orthopedist Harold Frost published a review article detailing then known experiences with regional acceleratory phenomena, which can be caused by injuries such as fractures and burns, afflictions such as acute paralysis and arthritis, bone movement such as implant placement and orthodontics, as well as vitamin D, thyroxine, and electrical stimuli. Once evoked, processes such as perfusion, the growth of skin, bone and other connective tissues, as well as their healing, turnover and remodeling can all accelerate beyond normal values. More overt manifestations include warmness of an affected region, decreased bone density, and increased bone plasticity. In rat tibia, more intense RAP was observed with deeper corticotomy. RAP typically lasts four months but, in cases of branchial plexus injuries or severe burns, potentially over two years and predisposing the patient to hypercalciuria and genitourinary tract lithiasis. If the causative stimuli were not removed, RAP may even persist indefinitely.
Effects
The effects of regional acceleratory phenomenon can be positive or negative. A study in rabbits suggested that, following osteotomy, RAP contributed to a fivefold increase in new bone without a change in bone volume. In tibial fractures, accelerated bone turnover allows the union of interfaces to occur typically within six months, compared to about twenty years for remodeling based on basic multicellular units (BMUs) alone. On the other hand, increased collagen production due to RAP in rheumatoid arthritis or osteoid osteoma may lead to diffuse fibrosis and joint stiffening.
| 2.25
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69884389
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalwa%20Bridge
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Kalwa Bridge
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Kalwa Bridge is a road bridge across Thane Creek in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, which connects the city of Thane to the Indian mainland at Kalwa. There are three separate bridges connecting Thane with Kalwa. The first Kalwa Bridge was built in 1863 and was the first bridge crossing Thane Creek. The second Kalwa Bridge was opened in 1995. The third Kalwa Bridge was partially opened to traffic on 13 November 2022, and was completed on 10 March 2023.
History
The first Kalwa Bridge () was built in 1863. The long bridge has ten pillars and ten arches. Following a structural audit conducted on the bridge in 2010, it was deemed unsafe for use by heavy vehicles, and only two and three-wheelers were permitted to use the bridge. According to officials the bridge's structure had suffered damage from a collision with a barge in 2006. The bridge was closed to all motor vehicle traffic from midnight on 3 August 2016, and only pedestrians were permitted to use the bridge. The bridge will not be demolished as it is classified as a heritage structure.
The second Kalwa Bridge () was opened in 1995.
A third bridge () was proposed in 2013 to ease traffic congestion. Construction on the bridge began in 2014. The five-lane U-shaped bridge was built at an estimated cost of . It begins at Creek Road and passes above Saket Road, turns right into the creek and curves on to Thane–Belapur Road. The new bridge will be used for one-way traffic towards Kalwa, while the 2nd bridge will be converted to a one-way towards Thane. Three lanes on the 3rd Kalwa Bridge were inaugurated by Maharashtra Chief Minister Eknath Shinde on 13 November 2022. A fourth lane, on the Thane Jail side of the bridge, was opened to traffic on 30 November. The fifth lane of the bridge was opened on 10 March 2023.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural%20depictions%20of%20Maximilian%20I%2C%20Holy%20Roman%20Emperor
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Cultural depictions of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
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Maximilian I (22 March 1459 – 12 January 1519) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1508 until his death.
Maximilian was an ambitious leader who was active in many fields and lived in a time of great upheaval between the Medieval and Early Modern worlds. Maximilian's reputation in historiography is many-sided, often contradictory: the last knight or the first modern foot soldier and "first cannoneer of his nation"; the first Renaissance prince (understood either as a Machiavellian politician or omnicompetent, universal genius) or a dilettante; a far-sighted state builder and reformer, or an unrealistic schemer whose posthumous successes were based on luck, or a clear-headed, prudent statesman. While Austrian researchers often emphasize his role as the founder of the early modern supremacy of the House of Habsburg or founder of the nation, debates on Maximilian's political activities in Germany as well as international scholarship on his reign as Holy Roman Emperor often centre on the Imperial Reform. In the Burgundian Low Countries (and the modern Netherlands and Belgium), in scholarly circles as well as popular imagination, his depictions vary as well: a foreign tyrant who imposed wars, taxes, high-handed methods of ruling and suspicious personal agenda, and then "abandoned" the Low Countries after gaining the imperial throne, or a saviour and builder of the early modern state. Jelle Haemers calls the relationship between the Low Countries and Maximilian "a troubled marriage".
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural%20depictions%20of%20Maximilian%20I%2C%20Holy%20Roman%20Emperor
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Cultural depictions of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
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In his lifetime, as the first ruler who exploited the propaganda potential of the printing press, he attempted to control his own depictions, although various projects (called Gedechtnus) that he commissioned (and authored in part by him in some cases) were only finished after his death. Various authors refer to the emperor's image-building programs as "unprecedented". Historian Thomas Brady Jr. remarks that Maximilian's humanists, artists, and printers "created for him a virtual royal self of hitherto unimagined quality and intensity. They half-captured and half-invented a rich past, which progressed from ancient Rome through the line of Charlemagne to the glory of the house of Habsburg and culminated in Maximilian's own high presidency of the Christian brotherhood of warrior-kings."
Additionally, as his legends have many spontaneous sources, the Gedechtnus projects themselves are just one of the many tributaries of the early modern Maximiliana stream. Today, according to Elaine C.Tennant, it is impossible to determine the degree modern attention and reception to Maximilian (what Tennant dubs "the Maximilian industry") are influenced by the self-advertising program the emperor set in motion 500 years ago. According to historian Thomas Martin Lindsay, the scholars and artists in service of the emperor could not expect much financial rewards or prestigious offices, but just like the peasantry, they genuinely loved the emperor for his romanticism, amazing intellectual versatility and other qualities. Thus, he "lives in the folk-song of Germany like no other ruler does." Maximilian Krüger remarks that, although the most known of all Habsburgs, and a ruler so markedly different from all who came before him and his contemporaries, Maximilian's reputation is fading outside of the scientific ivory tower, due to general problems within German education and a culture self-defined as post-heroic and post-national.
Legends and anecdotes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural%20depictions%20of%20Maximilian%20I%2C%20Holy%20Roman%20Emperor
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Cultural depictions of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
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The Wappenturm, or Heraldry Tower (now destroyed) in Innsbruck, was built in 1496 following the design of and the Türing workshop that produced the Goldenes Dachl that stands next to it. It was built near the part of the palace in which arms and armour were stored. The tower serves as a billboard for dynastic propaganda, displaying the coats of arm of the territories (54 in total) Maximilian claimed. The standard bearers here had a more noble look in comparison with those on the Goldenes Dachl. The top showed the bust portraits of Maximilian and his two wives, as if on a royal balcony. Later, another royal couple was added, presumably Ferdinand I and Anna of Hungary and Bohemia.
A remarkable monument, that was never completed (as work ceased after Maximilian's death) is the Speyer monument to German emperors and empresses (the characters selected are Maximilian's ancestors, together with emperors from the Hohenstaufen and the Salic lines, who were buried at the Speyer Cathedral). The structure was intended to comprise a round temple on twelve octagonal pillars with the whole surmounted by a giant crown. Maximilian seemed to intend to create a bronze effigy of himself as the focal point of the structure. The surviving crown is 6m is diameter, with a fragment in the shape of a palm-leaf being 1.55m high, and one of the eight surviving sculptures of emperors being 1.78m high. Like other Maximilianic monuments, the design is more Gothic than Renaissance.
Another plan that was never carried out, partly for financial reason, was a memorial chapel for himself in Falkenstein (Falconstone) near St. Wolfgang. He was going to have himself buried in this area, until the Archbishop of Salzburg, Leonhard von Keutschach, persuaded him choose St. George's Cathedral, Wiener Neustadt, probably with considerable financial help.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural%20depictions%20of%20Maximilian%20I%2C%20Holy%20Roman%20Emperor
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Cultural depictions of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
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Certain previously built structures were utilized and modified to befit Maximilian's propagandistic purposes. An extant example is the towers (Oberer Stadtturm and Unterer Stadtturm, also called Kaiser Maximilians Wappentürme or Maximilian's heraldry towers) in Vöcklabruck, which Maximilian realized to be easy to identify from distance. The facades were altered with frescoes that displayed coats of arms of the territories he ruled and those he aspired to rule as well, as well as an image of himself. During Napoleon's invasion, the frescoes were removed. After 150 years, during renovation, they were discovered and restored.
The Cour de Bailles was a square (now lost) in front of the Palace of the Dukes of Brabant that Maximilian and Margaret began to build in 1509. The angles were cut off with an open-worked stone balustrade, interrupted by pedestals (that carried the figures of birds and quadrupeds) and octagonal columns on each of which stood a duke of Brabant. The figures were designed by Jan van Roome, alias des Bruxelles, and the sculptor was Jan Borman, who executed them in wood, which would be cast in bronze by Renier van Thienen, who only completed the statues of Godfrey II, Godfrey the Bearded, Maximilian and Charles V. The construction would be completed in 1521 though.
In 1513, he finished the imposing and very costly tomb of Frederick III in St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna (the original design was from the Netherlander Nikolaus Gerhaert of Leiden; Maximilian and his circle played the decisive role in the appointment of the tomb and the décor). This is among "the fourteen burial sites of late-mediaeval kings and emperors of the Holy Roman Empire was never looted, disturbed or altered". There were rumours that the tomb was empty, so a very small opening was created in 1969 for the purpose of observation and recording, but only in 2013, it became possible to take photographs. There are gilt metal plates with inscribed texts that celebrate Frederick's and Maximilian's achievements.
Astrology
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural%20depictions%20of%20Maximilian%20I%2C%20Holy%20Roman%20Emperor
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Cultural depictions of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
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Dramatic works by Maximilian's court scholars and Poet Laureates as well as others who supported him tended to double as encomium for imperial politics and commentary on contemporary events.
Tragedia de Turcis et Suldano and Historia de rege Frantie supported Maximilian's anti-Ottoman and anti-French agenda. The works predicted the defeat of the French and the Ottoman (even though the fighting had not started yet). Historia de rege Frantie is the first German Neo-Latin tragedy, also the first German Humanist tragedy.
Konrad Celtis wrote for Maximilian Ludus Dianae and Rhapsodia de laudibus et victoria Maximiliani de Boemannis. The Ludus Dianae displays the symbiotic relationship between ruler and humanist, who are both portrayed as Apollonian or Phoebeian. Maximilian was the most important of Celtis's earthly Apollos, while Celtis, as one of the most important advisors of Maximilian, played an essential role in shaping the image of Maximilian.
The other humanists support this image as well – the idea behind was that an ideal ruler outshone everything. The function of the emperor as the promoter of arts and learning (Musagetes or Musarum pater) was important but the political mission was highlighted as well (as shown by Willibald Pirckheimer's text that accompanied the Great Triumphal Carriage, mentioned above.) Apollo was also the symbol of the Renaissance that Celtis and the humanists wanted to bring to Germany.
Poems
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural%20depictions%20of%20Maximilian%20I%2C%20Holy%20Roman%20Emperor
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Cultural depictions of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
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Drawings, paintings and engravings
A pair of sketches (late fifteenth century or early sixteenth century at the latest) portray the King of the Romans, pale and emaciated after almost three months of imprisonment (although his captors tried to make his imprisonment pleasant with banquets and luxury), having a banquet and attending the Mass of Peace on his last day in Bruges. Warburg and Friedländer opine that the sketches likely reflect an immediate visual experience, because, among other reasons, from a retrospective point-of-view, an artist would not consider the banquet an important moment and no one would want to be reminded of the oath Maximilian was forced to take and later did not keep.
During the 1482–1492 Flemish revolts against Maximilian as well as the later war against Guelders (which was believed, by many, as a dynastic struggle between the Habsburgs and the King of France, that had nothing to do with the Low Countries), as continual warfare and taxes (levied to support those wars) put pressure on the society – including the middle class that the contemporary renown painter belonged to, many works portraying Maximilian in a satyrical way appeared.
The signs through which one can recognize the allusion to Maximilian and tend to be the features of his face, especially his distinctive nose, and the imperial eagle.
Hans Memling's St. Ursula Shrine, dated around 1488–89, showed the author as an opponent of Maximilian's politics.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural%20depictions%20of%20Maximilian%20I%2C%20Holy%20Roman%20Emperor
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Cultural depictions of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
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In 1519, after the emperor's death, Johannes Stabius ordered Hans Springinklee to create a woodcut that described the emperor, kneeling in full regalia before God the Father, presented by his patron saints already featured in his Prayerbook (the Virgin with the Child, St. George, St. Andrew, St. Sebastian, St. Maximilian, St. Barbara, and St. Leopold), now acting as his intercessors. Silver describes this as an imagined apotheosis. The emperor mirrored God as His vicar, saying, "Moreover, you O Lord are my supporter: You are my glory and you glorify my reign." Stabius's verses extolled Maximilian's reign: "Germani gloria regni". The emperor was to be "united with Christ, with man, with God", and in turn evoked as a saint.
The copper plate portrait Emperor Maximilian I by Lucas van Leyden was the "earliest dated example of etching on copper." The softer copper allowed the artist to produce finer details. The artist utilized an innovative approach of combining etching with engraving, seen here for the first time in Northern Europe.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural%20depictions%20of%20Maximilian%20I%2C%20Holy%20Roman%20Emperor
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Cultural depictions of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
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In the Netherlands and Belgium, traditionally Maximilian's rule, especially his regency (1482–1494), has been the subject of considerable controversies. However, comprehensive studies are rare. Serious research began in the nineteenth century with the historian Louis Gilliodts-Van Severen. In Germany, Friedrich Schiller wrote a work (translated into English by Thomas Horne as History of the Rise and Progress of the Belgian Republic, Until the Revolution Under Philip II.: Including a Detail of the Primary Causes of that Memorable Event) that took the side of his opponents and criticized Maximilian's leadership. After World War II, when historians began to focus on political protests, the debate on the regency was revived with Robert Wellens's 1965 work, the first comprehensive study on the Bruges revolt of 1488 as well as Wim Blockmans's 1974 article. Both historians see the revolt as the conflict between medieval cities that desired autonomy with a more modern, autocratic regime. Jelle Haemer's more recent, highly rated work De strijd om het regentschap over Filips de Schone : opstand, facties en geweld in Brugge, Gent en Ieper (1482–1488), that focuses more on the figures and political groups that supported or fought against Maximilian, presents the conflict not as a matter between the autocratic prince and his people, but two groups that supported different ideologies – both made mistakes and both had their points.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural%20depictions%20of%20Maximilian%20I%2C%20Holy%20Roman%20Emperor
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Cultural depictions of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
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Recent research also links the development of the Habsburgs' dynastic empire and the first modern postal network (and the ensuing Early Modern communication revolution), which can be considered both a result as well as a factor in that development process. In his work Kommunikation und Konfrontation. Diplomatie und Gesandtschaftswesen Kaiser Maximilians I. (1486-1519), Gregor Metzig explores in depth the complementary and parallel relationship of this communication system, created by Maximilian in combination with the Taxis and developed further by his son Philip and grandson Charles V, and the Habsburg diplomatic system mentioned above.
Maximilian as cultural figure
Regarding Maximilian's cultural activities and relationship with artistic, technological and general social developments, notable recent collective works include Maximilians Welt. Kaiser Maximilian I. im Spannungsfeld zwischen Innovation und Tradition (edited by Johannes Helmrath, Ursula Kocher and Andrea Sieber. 2018), Maximilians Ruhmeswerk: Künste und Wissenschaften im Umkreis Kaiser Maximilians I. (edited by Jan-Dirk Müller, Hans-Joachim Ziegeler. 2015) and Maximilian I. (1459 –1519): Wahrnehmung — Ubersetzungen — Gender) (edited by Heinz Noflatscher, Michael A. Chisholm, and Bertrand Schnerb. 2011).
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural%20depictions%20of%20Maximilian%20I%2C%20Holy%20Roman%20Emperor
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Cultural depictions of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
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Historian Thomas A.Brady Jr. writes:
King Maximilian I (1459—1519) enjoys perhaps the most unsettled reputation of any figure in German history between the High Middle Ages and the Thirty Years' War. He continues to be presented as 'the last knight' and as 'a convinced reformer' of the Empire; as the renovator of the universal ideal of Christendom and as the founder of the early modern House of Austria; and as a far-sighted builder of states and as an archaic dreamer of hopeless dreams. To a very great degree, the practice of framing Maximilian in such antinomies reflects a conscious desire "to create the illusion of a clash between the old and the new" which is "epitomized by the figure of the Emperor Maximilian." There is nevertheless a truly historical basis for this divided image. Socially and culturally, Jan-Dirk Müller writes, Maximilian's immediate milieu stands between two distinctly different worlds [...] The split image of Maximilian, with all of its confusion and contradiction, is both historiographical and historical.
Overall, there are relatively few biographies of Maximilian (there is no straightforward biography of the emperor written in English). Historian Paula Fichtner opines that some biographies are of questionable quality, too. According to Fichtner, the critical work Maximilian I, 1459–1519: An Analytic Biography by Gerhard Benecke (1982) is a sincere contribution to the field of court history as social history, but misrepresents the emperor's character. By contrast, there are a large number of works that focus on one aspect of his reign or cultural phenomena as reflected by Maximilian. According to Natalie Anderson, other than Benecke's work, Glenn Elwood Waas's 1941 work The Legendary Character of Kaiser Maximilian is probably the most useful general portrait of the emperor published in English (although this work is also not a biography, but a survey of how the emperor was viewed in contemporary literature).
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7th%20Macho%20de%20Monte%20Infantry%20Company
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7th Macho de Monte Infantry Company
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The 7th Macho de Monte Infantry Company () was an elite infantry battalion of the Panama Defense Forces. Its mascot was the Baird's tapir, from which the company took it name, as in Panama the tapir is called 'Macho de Monte' which translates as 'mountain men'. It was based at the Base Militar "General de Division Omar Torrijos Herrera" in Rio Hato and specialised in guerrilla warfare.
It was disbanded alongside the rest of the Panama Defense Forces on December 20, 1989, following the United States invasion of Panama.
History
The 7th Macho de Monte Infantry Company was founded on April 7, 1969, as part of the National Guard of Panama by General Omar Torrijos who had seized power in a coup in 1968. The unit's first leader was Ediberto del Cid who had supported Torrijos. Following Manuel Noriega's seizure of power and transformation of the National Guard into the Panama Defense Forces in 1983 the unit was built into an elite infantry battalion.
During the 1989 Panamanian coup d'état attempt the company sided with Noriega and were deployed by air to Panama City to quell the coup attempt and to dislodge the entrenched rebels from the Central Barracks. Their performance during the coup attempt showed the unit to be one of Noriega's most loyal and as a result it became a commando and special forces unit specialising in guerilla warfare in case of US intervention.
The battalion, along with the whole of the Panama Defense Forces, was disbanded on December 20, 1989, following the US invasion of Panama. During the invasion the battalion took part in the Battle of Rio Hato Airfield. The battle lasted for 5 hours and featured room-to-room combat as United States Army Rangers attempted to secure the Rio Hato military base.
Structure
The 7th Macho de Monte Infantry Company was structured as follows:
Headquarters
3 Rifle Platoons
1 Inner Guard Platoon
1 Mortar Section
Special sections
1 Commandos
1 Frogmen Section
1 Explosives Section
1 Pana-Jungle Section
1 Motorized Section - "Cocuyos Montaneros"
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69884576
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xing%20Ruan
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Xing Ruan
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Professor Xing Ruan 阮昕 is a Chinese-Australian academic, architect and author. He is currently Dean and Guangqi Chair Professor of Architecture at School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. His work focuses on Asia's architecture and urbanization against the background of Western discourse, and on architecture as a representation of humanity.
Early life and education
Born in Kunming, China, Ruan received a Bachelor of Architecture and Master of Architecture at Southeast University, Nanjing (1982 – 1989), and received a PhD at Victoria University of Wellington (1991 – 1996).
Academic career
Ruan started his academic teaching career in 1995, at Curtin University, Western Australia. He held positions as a Lecturer, Senior Lecturer, and associate professor of Architecture until 2001. In 2002, Ruan joined the University of Technology Sydney (UTS) as Head of the School of Architecture. In 2004 he became Professor of Architecture at the University of New South Wales (UNSW). Ruan held a number of roles while at UNSW, including Chair of Architecture Discipline and Director of Master of Architecture (2005 – 2009), Director of Architecture (2014 – 2016), and Associate Dean at the Faculty of the Built Environment (2015 – 2018).
He has been Dean and Guangqi Chair Professor of Architecture at School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University since July 2018.
Publishing career
Ruan has written and published seven books.
He is co-editor, with Ronald Knapp, of the book series Spatial Habitus: Making and Meaning in Asia’s Architecture, published by the University of Hawai’i Press. Subjects of the series included China, Japan, Korea, India, and the Middle East.
In November 2021, Bloomsbury published Confucius’ Courtyard: Architecture, Philosophy, and the Good Life in China, distributed in the US, UK, Australia and New Zealand.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnocalycium%20chacoense
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Gymnocalycium chacoense
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Gymnocalycium chacoense is a species of cactus in the genus Gymnocalycium, endemic to Bolivia.
Description
Gymnocalycium chacoense is a cactus species characterized by its bright green, broad, spherical stems, which can grow to diameters of 5.5 to 8 centimeters. As these plants mature, they tend to cluster together in groups of up to 25. Each stem features eight to twelve ribs that are either rounded or angled, with a smooth texture. The cactus is adorned with thin, bristly to stiff spines that start out light yellow with darker tips and eventually turn gray. It has three central spines, measuring 1.5 to 2.1 centimeters in length, and seven to nine radial spines that are 0.8 to 1.9 centimeters long.
The flowers of Gymnocalycium chacoense are slender and funnel-shaped, varying in color from white to light pink. These flowers, which may only partially open between the thorns, typically measure 3.5 to 4.5 centimeters in length (occasionally as small as 2.5 centimeters) and have a diameter of 2 to 3.2 centimeters. The cactus produces elongated green fruits that are 0.6 to 0.8 centimeters long and 0.4 to 0.5 centimeters in diameter.
Distribution
This species is commonly found in the Bolivian department of Santa Cruz, specifically on the inselberg known as Cerro San Miguel found at elevations around 790 meters growing in rock crevices or cavities filled with deposits of humus.
Taxonomy
It was first described by Helmut Amerhauser in 1999, and the name "chacoense" refers to its natural habitat in the Chaco region.
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78800211
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalmandi
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Dalmandi
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Dalmandi (meaning Lentil Market), officially known as Hakim Mohammad Jafar Marg is one of the largest markets of Varanasi, spanning from Beniyabagh to Chowk Police Station near Kashi Vishwanath Temple. It is located in Purvanchal and is mostly run by Muslims.
In the Dalmandi area of Varanasi, merchants historically engaged in the trade of lentils and attended performances by Tawaifs, who performed music and dance in the evenings. Over time, the variety of lentils traded in the area decreased, although the practice of performances by the Tawaifs in the Kothas continued. It is believed, during the British Raj, the strategy to expel the British from India were considered in the Kothas of Rajeshwar Bai, Jaddan Bai and Rasoolan Bai, located in the same area. Ustad Bismillah Khan lived in this area as well.
The city plans to demolish around 10,000 shops in Dalmandi to widen the eight ft-wide road to twenty-three ft in order to make the way easier for the devotees going to Kashi Vishwanath Temple. This will reduce the distance of the temple from 2.5 km to 1 km.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamine%20Inks%20Limited
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Diamine Inks Limited
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Diamine Inks Limited have been producing inks since 1864. They are one of the last surviving writing ink producers in Britain.
History
The company was founded in London in 1864 as T. Webster and Co. in London, and in Liverpool from 1868. Thomas Webster based production in Liverpool and initially was in partnership with John Dyas. By 1871 they were at 11a South Castle West and Vauxhall Works but the partnership was dissolved in 1874. Thomas Webster continued as T. Webster & Co. In 1880 the business launched its new ink, Diamine. By 1881 the business was based at 11 & 13 Henry Street, Liverpool.
Between 1901 and 1911 production moved to new premises in Tariff Street, Liverpool, and the ‘Diamine Works’ here were extended in 1925.
In 1924 the business acquired the assets of the Polygon Manufacturing Company Limited of Bonner Street, London. Production of Polygon products was continued and the business maintained an office in London at Diamine House, Middle Lane, Hornsey.
The company later became part of the M.B.F. Group. In 2005 the company changed its name from Diamine Inks Limited to Diamine-Speciality Inks Limited.
Thomas Webster
The founder of the company was born in 1839 in Bootle, Lancashire. Educated at Bruch Hall School, Warrington. He married Mary Alice Grace, daughter of John Grace of Liverpool, on 12 August 1875 at Christ Church, Bootle. They had the following children
Hedley Webster (b. 1877)
Reginald Webster (5 Jan 1878 - 25 Oct 1953)
Grace Elizabeth Webster (1880–1886)
Hannah Webster (b. 1885)
Reginald Webster
When his father stepped down from the business, his son Reginald Webster took control. Reginald was born on 5 Jan 1878 and married Salome Marsh (1884–1975) on 15 March 1915 in St John's Church, Waterloo, Lancashire.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand%20of%20Toulouse%20%28son%20of%20Alfonso%20Jordan%29
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Bertrand of Toulouse (son of Alfonso Jordan)
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Alfonso Jordan joined the Second Crusade and sailed for the Levant 15 August 1147. Bertrand accompanied his father and they landed at the city of Acre in the Kingdom of Jerusalem. The medievalist Christopher Tyerman writes that Alfonso Jordan, a legitimate son, "clearly possessed of a stronger formal claim" to Tripoli than Raymond II, the grandchild of Alfonso Jordan's bastard half-brother. According to the historian Jean Richard, Alfonso Jordan could claim the county because he was "born in the purple", that is after his father assumed the title of count. Richard also thinks that Alfonso Jordan wanted to seize the county for his bastard, Bertrand, while bequeathing Toulouse to his legitimate son, the future Raymond V.
Alfonso Jordan died unexpectedly after reaching the town of Caesarea Maritima. Rumours soon attributed his death to poisoning. The unidentified author of a 13th-century Syriac chronicle accuses Raymond II of the murder, presenting it as a preemptive act to prevent Alfonso Jordan from announcing his claim to the county. Bertrand continued the crusade following his father's demise, and participated in the unsuccessful siege of Damascus in late July 1148. After this fiasco, most crusaders left the Levant, but Bertrand stayed behind.
Conflict and captivity
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78800896
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljudevit%20Pivko
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Ljudevit Pivko
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Ljudevit Pivko (17 August 1880 – 29 March 1937) was a Slovenian teacher, writer, panslavist and World War I military officer. In September 1917 he escaped with his unit over the Italian lines to join Italian Army ranks and then continued in a fight against Austria-Hungary. After the establishment of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs Pivko became one of the most commemorated Slovenian war veterans of World War I.
Early life and education
Pivko was born in Nova Vas pri Markovcih village, part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, nowadays Slovenia. He attended the municipal school in Sv. Marko and then grammar schools in Varazdin, Ptuj and finally Maribor, where he graduated in 1900. During his Slavic and German studies at Charles-Ferdinand University in Prague he became fascinated with the concept of Pan-Slavism. Continuing in his studies at Vienna University he received his doctorate and after that attended on a position of a substitute teacher at the classical gymnasium in Maribor.
In 1906, he married the Czech Ljudmila (Ludmila) Mužíková, the daughter of the director of a savings bank, together they had seven children. In the same year, he joined the co-founders of the Czech-origin Sokol sport organization in Maribor. He became an excellent gymnast, a promoter of the Sokol Slavic national defense idea, and one of the most important Sokol leaders in Slovenia. Under the pseudonyms Pavel Poljanec and Janko Osojnik Pivko published his first works and essays shaped by his radically liberal views.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandra%20Izmailovich
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Aleksandra Izmailovich
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The Six finally stopped at Sretensk, where they disembarked the train and were detained for several days. They were eventually loaded onto horse-drawn carriages and taken to the Akatuy katorga; along the way they were cheered on by locals. At the prison, they were greeted by other members of the PSR holding banners and singing revolutionary songs. Izmailovich's account of their journey ends with them receiving gifts from their fellow prisoners. This relatively lax regime ended in December 1906, when the prison administration was replaced. In February 1907, the women were transferred from Akatuy to the women's prison in Maltsev. The journey was extremely hazardous, due to the conditions of the Siberian winter. The prison was dilapidated and they struggled to keep warm through the winter.
While in the Maltsev katorga, in 1908, Izmailovich wrote two long letters that formed the main primary source for information on her and her sister's revolutionary activities. The letters were smuggled out of the prison and, in 1923, they were published in the journal . Izmailovich wrote that during her 10 years in Maltsev, she struggled on a daily basis to get food and books and even to maintain her dignity. Izmailovich reported that her years in Maltsev were "engraved on [her] soul". She later wrote that Maria Spiridonova helped maintain her faith in socialism throughout their time in Maltsev, despite the hardships they went through there. For a brief time, Izmailovich ran a school for the roughly 100 children in Maltsev, but it was ultimately shut down by the authorities.
| 2.359375
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78801252
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta%20Air%20Lines%20Flight%20554
|
Delta Air Lines Flight 554
|
Delta Air Lines Flight 554 was a scheduled Delta Air Lines domestic passenger flight between Atlanta and New York City's LaGuardia Airport. On October 19, 1996, the McDonnell Douglas MD-88 aircraft struck the approach light structure and the vertical edge of the concrete landing deck during its approach to land on Runway 13 at LaGuardia Airport. The aircraft proceeded to skid 2,700 feet down the runway before coming to a rest. Of the 58 passengers and 5 crew members aboard, 5 received minor injuries. The aircraft was substantially damaged and repaired, at a cost of 14 million dollars.
The final report by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) found that the probable cause of the accident was the inability of the captain, because of his use of monovision contact lenses, to overcome his misperception of the aircraft's position relative to the runway during the visual portion of the approach.
Background
Aircraft
The aircraft involved was a McDonnell Douglas MD-88, registered as N914DL, serial number 49545. The airplane was purchased from the McDonnell Douglas and was put into service in June 1988. The aircraft was powered by two Pratt & Whitney JT8D-219 turbofan engines.
Crew
In command was Captain Joseph G. Broker, a 48-year-old who was hired by Delta on September 5, 1978. He held and airline transport pilot (ATP) certificate with airplane single-engine land privileges, and MD-88 and Cessna 500 type ratings. The captain had about 10 years of civilian and military flight experience before he joined Delta Air Lines, including 3,320 total flight hours in North American F-100 Super Sabres.
| 1.921875
| 0
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78801428
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Avenir%20%28France%29
|
L'Avenir (France)
|
Early days of L'Avenir
In response to this hostility, Félicité de La Mennais decided to launch a new newspaper advocating for a liberal Catholic voice. The L'Avenir company was founded on September 8, 1830, with contributors including La Mennais, Gerbet, Charles de Coux, and Augustin Harel du Tancrel. The newspaper operated from Rue Jacob in Paris, with its first issue released on October 16, 1830.
Though modestly printed (circulation of around 1,500 copies), L'Avenir inspired enthusiasm among young romantics in France and abroad. Articles often tackled key issues such as freedom of education, separation of church and state, and solidarity with Catholics in Poland and Ireland.
Editorial committee
The editorial committee included prominent liberal Catholic figures such as Henri Lacordaire, Charles de Montalembert, and René François Rohrbacher. Influenced by La Mennais, these contributors were disillusioned with the aristocratic society of the Restoration era. Writers like Chateaubriand and Victor Hugo expressed admiration for the publication, further cementing its intellectual significance.
Ideas and objectives
L'Avenir advocated for the church's freedom from state control and total independence in spiritual matters, aligned with Ultramontanism. The editors also supported the freedom of the press, freedom of conscience, and freedom of education—the latter seen as essential for religious and intellectual liberty.
Focus on education
A major campaign of the newspaper was freedom of education. It opposed the state monopoly held by the University of France and called for the creation of independent Catholic schools. In 1831, the L'Avenir team founded a free school in Paris, which authorities soon shut down, leading to a legal battle.
Challenges and closure
The newspaper faced financial difficulties, partly due to boycotts encouraged by conservative bishops. After just over a year of publication, L'Avenir ceased operation on November 15, 1831.
| 2.8125
| 0
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78801544
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocetraric%20acid
|
Protocetraric acid
|
Protocetraric acid is a chemical compound with the molecular formula . It is a secondary metabolite produced by a variety of lichens and is classified as a depsidone.
History
In 1845 Knop and Schnedermann isolated crystalline cetraric acid from the lichen Cetraria islandica. O. Hesse proposed that cetraric acid does not exist in the lichen, but is rather the decomposition product of another acid that he called protocetraric acid, which is split up into fumaric and cetraric acids. In reviewing Hesse's work. O. Simon confirmed the statements of Knop and Schnedermann, finding cetraric acid in the plant in a free state. O. Simon did not find the protocetraric acid proposed by Hesse, but instead used that name for another acid he isolated.
Protocetraric acid was first described in the 1930s.
Rao and colleagues published the ultraviolet and infrared spectra of some lichen depsidones, including protocetraric acid, in 1967.
Properties
The molecular formula of protocetraric acid is C18H14O9; it has a molecular mass of 374.29 grams per mole. In its purified crystalline form, it exists as short needles with a melting point range of . Its ultraviolet spectrum has three peaks of maximum absorption (λmax) at 210, 238, and 312 nm. Its infrared spectrum has several peaks: 680, 745, 785, 814, 840, 990, 1020, 1080, 1115, 1150, 1190, 1270, 1380, 1440, 1562, 1642, 1738, 3000, and 3500 cm−1.
A number of ester derivatives of protocetraric acid, such as succinprotocetraric acid and fumarprotocetraric acid, have also been identified in lichens.
Preliminary research has been conducted into the potential pharmacology of protocetraric acid and related compounds. Protocetraric acid has broad spectrum antimicrobial properties against some pathogenic microbes such as Salmonella typhi. It also has weak activity against SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease (Ki of 3.95 μM), as does the related depsidone salazinic acid, and therefore it is being studied as a scaffold for the potential discovery of more potent drugs for the treatment of COVID-19.
| 2.296875
| 0
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78801574
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Ashok%20Nagar%20RRTS%20station
|
New Ashok Nagar RRTS station
|
The station has all advanced facilities and amenities equipped with groundbreaking technology as prevalent in the existing and the upcoming stations of the Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System. It is unique as compared to other stations, as it has an extended concourse beneath its platform level and the viaduct running above towards the western side of the station, in order to provide direct connectivity with the nearby Delhi Metro's New Ashok Nagar metro station. It has all facilities to facilitate passengers like three entry/exit points, parking space to the north-western side of the station with electric vehicle charging points, lifts, escalators, stairs retail stores and stalls covering the concourse for enhanced experience, washrooms, drinking water areas, ticket and token vending machines, enquiry desks, a station control area, additional facilities like wheelchairs for physically-challenged passengers and emergency equipments like firefighting and medical assistance services.
Features
The station has state-of-the-art features to use renewable energy to run itself, similar to the other RRTS stations equivalent to an airport, like adequate use of natural light to reduce dependence on artificial lights, and running all lightings with LED. Others include electric vehicle charging points at the parking space, platform screen doors (PSDs) on platforms for enhanced passenger safety, CCTV surveillance and the usage of renewable energy as a source of power. It will use solar energy and rainwater harvesting facilities to facilitate its operations entirely. For solar power, it will have 900 solar panels on the roof that will generate over 650,000 units of electricity annually, and the rainwater harvesting system has five pits for storage of water. These pits help to absorb rainwater collected from the station and the viaduct into the ground, thus contributing to groundwater conservation and replenishment. In these ways, the entire station will be a green and eco-friendly building.
Station layout
| 2.03125
| 0
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78801580
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%20M%C3%A9morial%20catholique
|
Le Mémorial catholique
|
Notable contributors included Louis de Bonald, Charles-Louis de Haller and Count O'Mahony, along with a cohort of young scholars who would later pursue ecclesiastical or academic careers, such as Abbés Thomas Gousset, René François Rohrbacher, Jean-Marie Doney, and Prosper Guéranger. Henri Lacordaire also contributed articles before becoming a priest
Certain writings published in Le Mémorial catholique were later revisited. For instance, Abbé Guéranger raised concerns about the illegitimacy of particular liturgies inconsistent with the intentions of the sovereign pontiffs, emphasizing unity with Rome. This debate, initially discussed in the journal, was later integral to the reflections on restoring the Order of Saint Benedict.
Opposition and Support
The journal faced criticism from numerous bishops and distinguished ecclesiastics, who vehemently opposed its philosophical doctrines. These critics argued that the journal propagated "false and dangerous philosophical doctrines, introduced novelties, and sowed disorder within the clergy." Among its detractors was Abbé Michel ppArmand Claussel de Coussergue]], a member of the Royal Council of Public Instruction.
However, the journal also garnered support from certain prelates, such as Archbishop Charles François d'Aviau du Bois de Sanzay of Bordeaux and Abbé Denys Affre, Vicar General of Amiens. Many sympathizers praised its content.
Content Themes
One focus of the journal was exposing the prevalence of Enlightenment philosophy in literature. It published statistics on the dissemination of so-called "bad books," including works by Voltaire, Rousseau, and Diderot, which it labeled as irreligious. The authors lamented the disproportionate influence of 18th-century philosophy on contemporary literature, overshadowing religious and spiritual texts.
| 2.203125
| 0
|
78801693
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan%20Camilo%20Ni%C3%B1o%20Vargas
|
Juan Camilo Niño Vargas
|
Research focus and contributions
Vargas's research explores the distinctions between Amazonian animism, Mesoamerican-Andean analogism, and Chibchan socio-cosmologies. By analyzing myths, agricultural practices, and dream interpretations, he has shown that Chibchan-speaking groups, such as the Ette, maintain unique ontological visions in which deities, humans, and animals occupy intersecting but hierarchically arranged realms. His work on Ette cosmology has drawn attention to how indigenous peoples articulate decay, transformation, and regeneration concepts in ecological and spiritual contexts.
A substantial portion of his ethnographic fieldwork concerns traditional agriculture. He has argued that these practices reveal complex interactions between humans and non-human entities, contributing to broader debates on Amerindian conceptions of nature. His publications detail various aspects of Ette life, including language preservation, historical narratives, and ritual practices.
Linguistic documentation
Vargas's most acclaimed contribution to linguistic anthropology is the "Diccionario de la lengua ette," published in 2018. The dictionary compiles thousands of Ette terms, providing detailed phonological analysis and extensive ethnographic background. According to an external review by Daniel E. Kraus Vollert, it represents "the most comprehensive lexicographic research on the Ette language to date". It helps bridge a gap in scholarly knowledge by linking linguistic documentation to a broader cultural revitalization effort. The Colombian Ministry of Culture acknowledged Vargas in 2015 for his work on endangered Amerindian languages, highlighting the dictionary's academic and practical value in revitalizing the Ette language.
Bibliography
Books
| 2.171875
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