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75722285
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doce%20River%20Basin
|
Doce River Basin
|
The Doce River Basin (Portuguese: Bacia do rio Doce) is located in the southeastern region of Brazil. According to the Doce River Basin Committee (CBH-Doce), it belongs to the Southeast Atlantic hydrographic region, has a drainage area of 86,175 square kilometers and covers all or part of 229 municipalities. 86% of the basin's area belongs to the state of Minas Gerais, in the Doce River Valley, and 14% to Espírito Santo.
Description
The main sources of the Doce River emerge in the Mantiqueira and Espinhaço mountain ranges. It is formed from the confluence of the Piranga and Carmo rivers between the municipalities of Ponte Nova, Rio Doce and Santa Cruz do Escalvado, in the state of Minas Gerais. It runs 853 kilometers to its mouth in the Atlantic Ocean at Linhares, on the coast of Espírito Santo.
The main tributaries of the Doce River on the left bank include the Piracicaba, Santo Antônio, Corrente Grande, Suaçuí Pequeno, Suaçuí Grande (in Minas Gerais), Pancas and São José (in Espírito Santo). On the right bank, the main affluents are the Casca, Matipó, Caratinga and Manhuaçu rivers (in Minas Gerais), and the Guandu, Santa Joana and Santa Maria do Rio Doce rivers (in Espírito Santo).
The Doce River Basin is composed of the main sub-basins of the Piranga, Piracicaba, Santo Antônio, Suaçuí (Pequeno and Grande), Caratinga and Manhuaçu rivers in Minas Gerais; and the Guandu, Santa Joana and Santa Maria do Doce rivers in Espírito Santo.
Climate
| 2.59375
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75722285
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doce%20River%20Basin
|
Doce River Basin
|
The relief of the Doce River Basin is significantly rugged and characterized by the mares de morros. The course traces a lowland area called the Doce River interplateau depression, with average altitudes in its interior ranging from 250 to 500 meters on hills of medium slope. Until it reaches Governador Valadares, the Doce River follows a southwest–northeast course that intersects the geological unit known as the "Cinturão Atlântico", which is part of the Mantiqueira Province.
The dissected plateaus of south-central and eastern Minas Gerais occupy around 70% of the basin's area and have an undulating relief, including landforms such as ridges, valleys and hills. Other relevant geological units in the basin are the Espinhaço mountain range, to the east, composed of ruiniform structures shaped by fluvial erosion and dividing the basins of the Doce, São Francisco and Jequitinhonha rivers; and the Iron Quadrangle, at the western end, with altitudes ranging from 1,000 to 1,700 meters, exceeding 2,000 meters in the Caraça mountain range, under rocks dissected by the geological structure. However, the highest altitude in the basin area is found in Iúna, in Espírito Santo, at 2 627 meters.
The subsoil has several aquifers, but the majority (92.6% of the total) are fractured aquifers with low water productivity. Around 3.5% is concentrated in the coastal region of Espírito Santo, where productivity is potentially high but variable. The alluvial aquifer located under the Steel Valley, which accounts for 3% of the mass, is the only one with high productivity and flow, serving as the main source of public supply. The rest of the aquifers are karst or double porosity types, with variable water productivity.
Pedology
| 2.5625
| 0
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75722573
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninja%20Silver
|
Ninja Silver
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Ninja Silver (忍者銀 ninja gin) is a shogi strategy used as part of the rapid attack Yagura.
Explanation
In 2014, Nobuyuki Yashiki (9th-Dan) began using this strategy as one of his specialties. The Yashiki-style twin silvers strategy is also called "nin-nin". The name comes from Yashiki's nickname "Ninja Yashiki", as his play-style was often varied and was difficult to predict.
The basic strategy is a quick-attack in a Double Yagura game. The shape in the diagram is referred to as "Ninja Silver", with a pawn having advanced from a twin silvers position. The basic procedure is to advance the right silver to 37, and to move the left silver not to 77, but first to 57 and then 66, keeping the bishop's line open.
From there, as in the diagram, the silvers line up in the center (in some cases), the central pawn is exchanged, and the attack begins with the aim of exchanging the bishop and silver along the 3rd-file (or 7th-file for Gote). The right silver can also be used as a Climbing Silver.
As in the diagrams, Yashiki played this strategy as both Sente and Gote, and used it against both Yagura and Ranging Rook strategies.
| 2.515625
| 0
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75722599
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kshitindranath%20Mazumdar
|
Kshitindranath Mazumdar
|
Kshitindranath Mazumdar (Bengali: ক্ষিতীন্দ্রনাথ মজুমদার; 31 July 1891 – 9 February 1975) was an Indian painter and a key figure of the Bengal School art movement, which paved the way for the development of modern Indian art.
Early life and education
Kshitindranath Mazumdar was born on 31 July 1891 to a Bengali family in Jagtai, a remote village in the Murshidabad district of West Bengal. Mazumdar's mother passed away during his infancy; his father, Kedarnath Mazumdar, a sub-registrar by profession, raised him by himself. His family was highly influenced by Vaishnavism, a sect of Hinduism which revolves around the worship of the Hindu deity Vishnu. Artistically inclined since childhood, Mazumdar trained in hymnody and often interpreted legends from Indian epics. As a teenager, he performed in the productions of a local theatre group owned by his father.
Mazumdar's artistic capabilities and talent caught the eye of Mahendra Narayan Roy, the zamindar of a nearby village, Nimtita. On his advice, Mazumdar joined the Government College of Art & Craft in Kolkata. It was here that he met Abanindranath Tagore, one of the founders of the Bengal School of Art.
Career
As a teen, Kshitindranath Mazumdar was deeply impacted by Vaishnavism, which was predominant at home. This influence reflected heavily in his paintings, as Mazumdar, now an ardent follower of Krishna, mostly painted on Vaishnavite and literary themes.
| 2.78125
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75722762
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulo%20Pimenta%20%28politician%29
|
Paulo Pimenta (politician)
|
Political career
At 16 years old, Pimenta was the president of the students' union of the agricultural college at UFSM, and in 1981, was president of the Central Directory of Students. Initially an activist from the left-wing political group Resistência, which included people from the city such as Marcos Rolim as leaders, he became known when he was injured in a shooting by an assailant from Santa Maria. He was in fact painting a message on the side of his house, "Diretas Urgente para Reitor e Presidente", as was common in that time. The assailant was found guilty for the crime. Pimenta's group kept going forward as his name reached public notoriety due to the incident. He became the vice-president of the State Union of Students of Rio Grande do Sul, at 21, from 1986 to 1987.
Pimenta began his political career as a councilman in Santa Maria. In the municipal elections of 1996, he ran, without success, to be the vice-mayor of the city with the coalition headed by Carlos Renan Kurtz of the PDT. He was elected a state deputy in Rio Grande do Sul in 1998. In 2000, he was elected vice-mayor of Santa Maria, with as mayor. In 2003, he was elected federal deputy, and was reelected in 2006 and 2011. In 2008, he ran to be mayor of Santa Maria, but lost to .
Councilman
Pimenta was, for two mandates, a councilman from the PT in Santa Maria. He was first elected in 1988 and, in the next election in 1992, was one of the most voted candidates in the city. As councilman, he was the vice-president of the chamber of councilors, presided over the Justice and Human Rights commission, the Public Services commission, and the subcomission of Education, Culture, Science and Technology. The latter commission elaborated on the Organic Law of Santa Maria, along with having proposed to the commission the internal regime of the chamber. Pimenta was the leader of the PT faction in the chamber, as well as the leader of the opposition.
| 2.34375
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75722783
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Alberta%20public%20agencies
|
List of Alberta public agencies
|
Public agencies in Alberta are organizations linked to particular government ministries of the Executive Council of Alberta, operating under their direction and mandate. Their functions are roughly equivalent to federal crown corporations. Typically, public agencies are governed by a board of directors whose members are selected and appointed through Orders in Council or Ministerial Orders for fixed terms. Public agencies are generally (with a few exceptions) created and regulated under the Alberta Public Agencies Governance Act (APAGA), which stipulates their responsibilities, restrictions, and general structures. Many public agencies are also subject to more specific legislation and acts. There are five main categories of public agencies in Alberta:
Regulatory/Adjudicative: Regulatory agencies license, make rules for, and oversee sectors of society and economy. Adjudicative agencies have quasi-judicial powers, such as ruling on appeals. Some agencies combine both sets of functions.
Public Trust: These agencies administer provincial financial, cultural, and other assets for public purposes.
Corporate Enterprise: Corporate enterprises provide, sell, and market goods and services.
Service Delivery: These agencies provide and direct government services, such as healthcare and post-secondary education.
Advisory: These agencies provide advice to the government, acting as industry and stakeholder representatives.
As agencies are funded by and responsible to government ministries, they are supposed to operate transparently, and must publicly report board member compensation, travel and hospitality expenses, annual reports, codes of conduct, and mandate documents.
There are 231 public agencies in Alberta as of January 2024:
Former public agencies
Alberta Gas Trunk Line Company (AGTL)
Alberta Government Telephones
Alberta Liquor Control Board (ALCB)
Alberta Oil Sands Technology and Research Authority (AOSTRA)
Northern Alberta Railways
Current public agencies
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| 0
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75722855
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Bali
|
Battle of Bali
|
The Battle of Bali was fought in 1532 between Adal Sultanate forces under Vizier Addoli and the Abyssinian army under Addalih, Governor of Bali.
Prelude
After the Adalites subjugated and islamized the Dawaro region under the command of Hussain Al Gaturi, Imam Ahmed Gurey sent order for Vizier Addoli, the Second-in-command of the Dawaro expedition, to go down to Bali and conquer it. Upon reaching Bali and that the Abyssinian governor of Bali, Addalih, was camped in the town of a Zallah on the bank of the Shebelle River, Addoli sent him a message ordering him to surrender and pay the Jizya. Addalih refused stating he was unimpressed with the small size of Addoli's army and ordered his men to bring their families with them in order to prevent fleeing. The two armies met at Zallah on Dhul Hijjah 938 AH which corresponds to July or August 1532.
Battle
The two armies clashed fiercely with the Adalites having the upper hand until Addalih was flung from his horse by a Somali cavalryman and then beheaded. Seeing the death of their commander the Abyssinian forces broke and fled. As they fled the Adalites slew innumerable fleeing Abyssinian soldiers and captured all their belongings. The Muslim women rode behind their menfolk on mules and helped to capture prisoners. By the end of the battle each woman would boast that they had captured 5 Abyssinian soldiers.
| 2.421875
| 0
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75722951
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matucana%20klopfensteinii
|
Matucana klopfensteinii
|
Matucana klopfensteinii is a species of Matucana found in Peru.
Description
Matucana klopfensteinii is globose and medium-green color, reaching a diameter of 8–13 cm and a height of 12–64 cm. As the plant matures, it develops 15-19 ribs. These ribs are segmented into many tubercles. Areoles are large with many trichomes covering the ribs. The plant features nine to fifteen radial spines, each extending up to 1-4.5 cm, accompanied by one to four central spine reaching a length of up to 1-5.5 cm. Spines are gray in color.
The flowers measures 6.8-9.0 cm in length, opens to a width of 4.8-6.5 cm, and red in color. The fruit, approximately 1.5–2 cm long and 1-1.3 cm wide, starts off green and undergoes a darkening process as it ages.
Distribution
Plants are found growing in Cajamarca, Peru at elevations of 1150 to 2662 meters. Plants are found growing on rocky slopes along with Armatocereus rauhii subsp. balsasensis, Browningia pilleifera, Espostoa mirabilis, Peperomia dolabriformis, Peperomia selenophylla, Peperomia wolfgang-krahnii, Deuterocohnia longipetala, and Pereskia horrida.
Taxonomy
The plant was first described by Nelson Cieza and Guillermo Pino in 2014 and named after Olivier Klopfenstein who first photographed the plant.
| 2.28125
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75722997
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GJ%203929%20b
|
GJ 3929 b
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GJ 3929 b (Gliese 3929 b, TOI-2013 b) is a confirmed exoplanet located 52 light-years away orbiting the red dwarf star GJ 3929. It is an Earth-sized planet, having a radius only 9% larger than that of Earth. It orbits its star at a distance of , being located in the Venus zone of its star, and completes one orbit around it every 2 days and 15 hours. Because of the proximity of its star, and its low mass, GJ 3929 b is classified as a Venus-like planet, having an equilibrium temperature of around 300 °C and receiving planetary insolation 17 times more intense than Earth receives from the Sun.
Characteristics
Size, mass and density
Initially, the radius of GJ 3929 b was calculated at , and its mass at , giving a density of . Later, observations using the NEID spectrometer on the WIYN 3.5 m Telescope measured the planet's mass to be ; and observations using the ARCTIC imager, plus photometry from TESS and LCOGT, constrained the planet's radius to , this time giving a higher density of (about 33% larger than Earth's). The characteristics of this planet make it similar to Earth in terms of mass and radius.
Orbit
GJ 3929 b orbits its star at a distance of , which makes it located in its host star's Venus zone, a region where rocky planets would have runaway greenhouse conditions like Venus. GJ 3929 b completes an orbit around its star every 2 days, 14 hours and 47 minutes (2.616 days).
As a terrestrial planet that orbits in the Venus zone of its star, GJ 3929 b classifies as a Venus-like planet, having a planetary equilibrium temperature of 295 °C and receiving planetary insolation 17 times greater than that of Earth receives from the Sun.
Atmosphere
The high density of GJ 3929 b does not suggest a dense atmosphere. Atmospheric scenarios such as a thin atmosphere of volatiles, a thin atmosphere of silicate enriched in refractory elements, or even no atmosphere at all are plausible. Due to its proximity to its star, GJ 3929 b has probably already lost much of its atmosphere since its formation.
| 2.109375
| 0
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75723006
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Boswell%20%28clergyman%29
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John Boswell (clergyman)
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John Boswell (23 January 1698 – June 1757) was an English writer and clergyman in the Church of England. Boswell's writings, including a two-volume response to John Jones's 1749 Free and Candid Disquisitions, were staunchly Tory and high church works. In his ministry, Boswell was assigned as the vicar of St Mary Magdalene, Taunton, and as prebendary at Wells Cathedral.
Life
John Boswell was born on 23 January 1698 in Dorchester to John Boswell of Puddletown, part of a Gloucestershire family. After attending school at Abbey Milton under George Marsh, Boswell matriculated into Brasenose College at the University of Oxford on 16 July 1715. Before Boswell graduated with a BA in 1720, he migrated to Balliol College and was Lord Kinnaird's tutor. He or another John Boswell was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn on 29 May 1719. Ordained as a deacon in the Church of England in Oxford, Boswell was then ordained as a priest at Wells Cathedral. In 1727, Boswell was assigned as vicar of St Mary Magdalene, Taunton. He attained a MA from King's College of the University of Cambridge in 1732. In 1736, he became a prebendary of Wells Cathedral. The 2004 article on Boswell in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography stated that he remained unmarried his entire life. However, a 1908 history of Boswell's Taunton parish described him as married to Sarah Mallock, the daughter-in-law of the "staunch Dissenter" John Mallock.
| 1.96875
| 0
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75723010
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20Sadler
|
Mike Sadler
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Willis Michael Sadler (22 February 1920 – 4 January 2024) was a British Army officer. He was the last original member of the Special Air Service and one of the last survivors of the Long Range Desert Group (survived by Jack Mann who also served in the LRDG).
Early life
Willis Michael Sadler was born on 22 February 1920 in Kensington, London, England, to Adam and Wilma Sadler. When his father moved to Stroud, Gloucestershire, to manage a plastics factory, the family moved to the nearby village of Sheepscombe. Sadler attended Oakley Hall School in Cirencester and Bedales School in Petersfield, Hampshire, which he left in 1937.
Military career
In 1937, Sadler moved to Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) to work on a tobacco farm. When the Second World War began in 1939, he enlisted in a Rhodesian regiment anti-tank unit of the British Army that would fight Erwin Rommel's Afrika Korps along the Egypt–Libya border. He was rapidly promoted to sergeant.
While on leave in Cairo, Egypt, Sadler convinced members of the recently assembled Long Range Desert Group (LRDG) that he could serve as their truck convoys' celestial navigator. In this role, he guided Special Air Service (SAS) commandos across the Libyan Desert for nighttime raids on Axis airfields and bases. He used a theodolite to identify the group's position, even on the uneven terrain of sand dunes.
During his first assignment with the LRDG, Sadler navigated the SAS across more than 400 mi (643.74 km) of desert between the Jalo Oasis in Cyrenaica, Libya, and the Axis airfield in Tamet, Libya, enabling the British Army to destroy twenty-four aircraft and kill dozens of German and Italian pilots. Soon after, he was promoted to corporal and awarded the Military Medal.
| 2.03125
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75723014
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GJ%203929
|
GJ 3929
|
It was discovered by a team of astronomers led by Jonas Kemmer. They reported an planetary transit signal in the host star's light curve. Subsequent observations, mainly with the CARMENES spectrograph, revealed that this transit signal is an orbiting exoplanet.
The outermost planet, GJ 3929 c (TOI-2013 c) is a Sub-Neptune discovered using the radial velocity method. It orbits its star at a distance of , 3 times further away than , but still below GJ 3929's habitable zone, completing an orbit every 15 days.
Its minimum mass is , while its radius is unknown. Estimates using mass-radius relationship derive a radius of 2.26 . Its equilibrium temperature is calculated at , and it receives a planetary insolation 68% greater than what the Earth receives from the Sun.
GJ 3929 c was first identified in radial velocity data, which indicated the existence of another planet besides GJ 3929 b. Initially, it was just an exoplanet candidate, but it was later confirmed by a team led by Corey Beard. Because its orbital period (15 days) is far from its star's rotation period (122 days), it is unlikely that the radial velocity signal is actually an artifact of its parent star's activity and rotation.
| 2.84375
| 0
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75723480
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipedagogy
|
Antipedagogy
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The roots of antipedagogism can be traced back to the early 17th century when the related word 'pedagogue' began to carry a negative connotation of pedantry, dating back to at least the 1650s. During that period, it became associated with the English parliamentarian Samuel Pepys, who expressed a negative attitude towards and evaluated the terms 'pedagogy' and 'pedagogue' unfavorably. The development of antipedagogical perspectives has also been influenced and contributed to by representatives of the theory of school abolition, such as Ivan Illich, John Holt, Everett Reimer, Neil Postman, Viktor N. Shulgin, etc. Genuine antipedagogism emerged in the late 1960s and 70s, linked to the American psychologist Carl Rogers and the American Children's Rights Movement, led by George A. Miller, R. Farson, and J. Holt. The term "antipedagogy" was coined by H. Kupffer in 1974, with theoretical foundations established by Ekkehard von Braunmühl in his book "Antipädagogik" (1975). Precursors include Maria Montessori, A. S. Neill, Th. Gordon, Célestin Freinet, Ovide Decroly, and Janusz Korczak. It gained prominence in Germany with representatives such as E. von Braunmühl, H. von Schoenebeck, H. Ostermeyer, W. Hinte, and C. Rochefort. Antipedagogy, in various forms, is particularly widespread, especially in European countries.
| 2.34375
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75723693
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcopoloichthys
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Marcopoloichthys
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Marcopoloichthys is an extinct genus of marine teleosteomorph ray-finned fish known from the Middle and Late Triassic of the former Tethys Ocean (Italy, Switzerland, and China). It is the only genus in the family Marcopoloichthyidae. It was originally described based on specimens from both Italy and China, hence the name Marcopoloichthys, which references the medieval Venetian merchant Marco Polo, who traveled from Italy to China.
Five species are known:
M. ani Tintori et al., 2007 – Anisian of Yunnan, China. (type species)
M. andreetti Tintori et al., 2007 – Ladinian of Lombardy, Italy.
M. faccii (Gortani, 1907) – Carnian of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy (initially described as Pholidophorus faccii)
M. furreri Arratia, 2022 – Ladinian of Grisons, Switzerland
M. mirigioliensis Arratia et al., 2024 – late Anisian of the Besano Formation (Monte San Giorgio, Ticino, Switzerland)
The youngest Marcopoloichthys fossils are of an undescribed species from the Norian of Friuli, Italy.
Marcopoloichthys was a small, scaleless fish with highly specialized, protractile jaws for suction feeding, and a combination of primitive and advanced morphological characters that make it difficult to phylogenetically place. Initially described as an indeterminate basal neopterygian, more recent studies have found it to be a stem-teleost. It somewhat resembles another early teleostomorph, Prohalecites.
| 2.59375
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75723881
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhesa%20Foster
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Rhesa Foster
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Rhesa Foster (born May 25, 1998) is an American long jumper. She won the bronze medal at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics in the long jump, and she won the 2023 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships after the drugs disqualification of original winner Tara Davis.
Biography
Foster is from Clovis, California where she attended Clovis North High School. Her father is Robert Foster, who competed at the 1996 and 2000 Summer Olympics in the 110 metres hurdles. Her brother Caleb was also a fourth-place finisher at the 2018 CIF state championships.
In 2014, she won the bronze medal in the long jump at the Summer Youth Olympics. She was the first American to medal in athletics at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics, and to do it she set a personal best of 6.17 metres.
As a senior in 2016, Foster had reconstructive surgery on her knee due an ACL tear sustained during volleyball her junior year, followed by a hamstring injury that hampered her final high school season. She nonetheless was the winner of the California Interscholastic Federation state championships long jump, breaking a 45-year-old section record.
From 2017 to 2021, Foster attended The University of Oregon, competing on the Oregon Ducks track and field team. She qualified for NCAA Division I Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championships finals in 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2021, and she also qualified for the indoor championship finals in 2019, which she achieved her best finish of 5th place at.
On June 23, 2017, Foster qualified for the 2017 Pan American U20 Athletics Championships by virtue of her second-place finish at the USATF U20 Outdoor Championships. She finished 4th in the finals, just missing out on the medals.
| 2
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75724103
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir%20Henry%20Strickland-Constable%2C%2010th%20Baronet
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Sir Henry Strickland-Constable, 10th Baronet
|
Sir Henry Marmaduke Strickland-Constable, 10th Baronet (4 December 1900 – 26 March 1975) was an English composer.
Early life
He was the son of Lt.-Col. Frederick Charles Strickland-Constable (1860–1917) and Margaret Elizabeth Pakenham (1874–1961) of Wassand Hall, Hull. His sister, Hilary, married Henry John Ralph Bankes of Kingston Lacy and Corfe Castle, and his younger brother was Robert Frederick Strickland-Constable, a Lieutenant-Commander in the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve during World War II.
His paternal grandparents were Henry Strickland-Constable (son of Sir George Strickland, 7th Baronet) and the former Cornelia Charlotte Anne Dumaresq (daughter of Col. Henry Dumaresq and Lady Elizabeth Sophia Butler-Danvers, half-sister to the 5th Earl of Lanesborough). His maternal grandparents were Rear-Adm. the Hon. Thomas Alexander Pakenham (son of the 2nd Earl of Longford) and the former Sophia Sykes (daughter of Sir Tatton Sykes). His uncle was Adm. Sir William Pakenham.
Career
He was educated at Eton before attending Magdalen College, Oxford, where he obtained a Bachelor of Music degree.
He succeeded as the 10th Baronet Strickland, of Boynton, on 9 August 1938 upon the death of a relative, Walter Strickland, known as the "Anarchist Baronet" and "Wandering Baronet" after he renounced his British citizenship.
Personal life
On 24 July 1929, he married Countess Ernestine Caroline Valerie Antoinette von Rex (1905–1995), at St. Luke's Church, Munich. She was a daughter of Count Rudolf Karl Casper von Rex, and granddaughter of Count Karl von Rex. Her sister, Countess Marie Louise Rex, was the wife of Sir Odo Russell, a son of Odo Russell, 1st Baron Ampthill and Lady Emily Villiers (daughter of the 4th Earl of Clarendon).
| 1.953125
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75724178
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Francisco%20Pioneers%20%28WBL%29
|
San Francisco Pioneers (WBL)
|
The San Francisco Pioneers were an American professional basketball team that played two seasons in the Women's Professional Basketball League (WBL) from 1979 to 1981. The first women's professional basketball team in San Francisco, California, it was owned by a stockbroker named Marshall Geller and partners, including Alan Alda and Mike Conners, and played its home games at the San Francisco Civic Auditorium. Geller, who named the team, and his ownership group acquired the basketball team for a $100,000 expansion fee.
History
1979–80
In their first season, the Pioneers roster was composed primarily of standout players who had competed at colleges and universities in California. Coached by Frank LaPorte, the Pioneers finished their first regular season with an 18-18 record. After winning a first round playoff game against the Houston Angels, their season concluded after losing to the eventual WBL champion, the New York Stars. Marshall Geller was named the WBL Owner of the Year.
Anita Ortega, a graduate of University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), finished the Pioneers first season as the leading point scorer with 867 points, an average of 24.1 points per game, and the team's leader in assists, with 187. Kim Hansen, a graduate of Grand Valley State, was the team's top rebounder, pulling down 383 rebounds, and Pat Mayo, a graduate of Montclair State, led the team in steals, with 199.
| 1.929688
| 0
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75724207
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdoulaye%20Diabat%C3%A9%20%28scientist%29
|
Abdoulaye Diabaté (scientist)
|
Abdoulaye Diabaté is an African parasitologist, Professor and Head of the Medical Entomology and Parasitology Department at the Health Sciences Research Institute. His research considers the use of gene drive to eliminate malaria, and he leads Target Malaria Burkina Faso. He delivered the first genetically modified mosquitoes in Africa, marking a historic moment for science. He was awarded the 2023 Falling Walls Science Prize for Science and Innovation Management. In April 2024, he spoke at the TED 2024: The Brave and The Brilliant conference in Vancouver.
Early life and education
Diabaté grew up in a small village in Burkina Faso. As a child he suffered from many episodes of malaria, and almost died when he was four years old. This experience was pivotal in his vocation to take on a scientific career and dedicate it to finding innovative solutions to fight malaria. He obtained a Doctorate of Animal Biology and Ecology degree at the University of Ouagadougou. In particular Professor Diabaté studied insecticide resistance. He earned his PhD in parasitology at the University of Montpellier II. He was a postdoctoral researcher at the Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research in the National Institutes of Health from 2005. It was the first time he had left Burkina Faso, and he joined a research group studying Anopheles gambiae. After completing his fellowship, he returned to Burkina Faso in 2009 and took up a position at the Research Institute in Health Sciences (Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé) in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
Research and career
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75724493
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan%20Cosijn
|
Jan Cosijn
|
Jan Cosijn, Jan Cosijn or Jan Cosyns (in French language literature referred to as Jean Cosyn or Jean Cosyns) (baptised in Brussels on 4 March 1646 – Brussels, late March 1708) was a Flemish sculptor and architect active in Brussels. He produced statuary for churches as well as architectural designs and decorative elements for the reconstruction of the Grand-Place/Grote Markt (main square) in Brussels. He further carved delicate ivory reliefs.
Life
Very little is known about Cosijn's life. He was the son of Jan Cosijn and Catharina Provoost. He apprenticed with the master sculptor Aert Moerevelt starting from early 1659. He was admitted in 1678 as a master in the Vier Gekroonden, the Brussels guild of masons, sculptors, stonemasons and shale masons.
On 28 May 1689, Jan Cosijn married Willelmijne van Mierlo (Eindhoven, 1667–Brussels, 1703). His wife was a niece of Elisabeth van Mierlo, the wife of the architect Willem de Bruyn (1649–1719), who played an important in the reconstruction of Brussels after the bombardment of 1695.
He died in 1708 and was buried in the Church of St. Gaugericus in Brussels. When this church was demolished during the French period in the history of Belgium (1798–1801), the tomb was transferred to the Church of St. Michael and St. Gudula (now Brussels' cathedral). It bears his initials "IC" and an inscription that has become illegible, surrounded by the symbols of his craft: hammer, chisel, trowel, shop hook and plumb line.
Work
Cosijn produced statuary for churches as well as architectural designs and decorative elements for the reconstruction of the Grand-Place/Grote Markt in Brussels. He further carved delicate ivory reliefs.
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75724539
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessie%20Gray%20%28educator%29
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Jessie Gray (educator)
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Jessie Gray (June 2, 1876 – May 29, 1948) was a British-born American educator. She was elected president of the National Education Association in 1933, and in 1925 became the first woman president of the Pennsylvania State Education Association.
Early life and education
Gray was born in London, one of the eight children of Alfred Gray and Sarah Jane Percy Gray. Her parents were from Dorset. She moved to the United States as a child in 1881. She graduated from the Philadelphia High School for Girls, and the Philadelphia Normal School.
Career
From 1896 to 1914, Gray was a primary school teacher in Philadelphia. From 1914 to 1942, she was a training teacher at the Thaddeus Stevens School of Practice, a normal school in Philadelphia. She was president of the Philadelphia Teachers Association. In 1925, she became the first woman elected president of the Pennsylvania State Education Association (PSEA). As PSEA head, she raised awareness of the plight of aged and retired teachers without adequate pensions, asking a 1929 audience, "Can you hear 400 teachers ranging from 72 to 90, calling with feeble voices and tear-dimmed hearts to you for help?"
In 1933, Gray was elected president of the National Education Association (NEA), the first Philadelphian and the second classroom teacher to hold that executive position. Gray toured the United States as a speaker during her term as NEA president, and promoted school district mergers as a budget help during the Great Depression. She was succeeded by Henry Lester Smith in 1934.
Gray was a delegate to the World Federation of Education Associations meeting in Edinburgh in 1925.
Publications
Gray wrote for the Pennsylvania School Journal during her term as president of the PSEA, and for other publications when she was president of the NEA.
"Watch Our Organization" (1925)
"How Can the Teacher Mold Character?" (1925)
"A Professional Challenge" (1925)
"On To Scranton" (1925)
"Greetings from the N.E.A." (1933)
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75724876
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4mel%20School
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Lämel School
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The Lämel School (; also the Von Lamel School) is a school established in Jerusalem in 1856 by the Austrian family of Simon von Lämel to educate members of the Old Yishuv in the city. It was initially established in the Jewish Quarter of the Old City, but moved to a permanent building in Zikhron Moshe in 1903.
History
The Lämel family is a well-known philanthropic family that supported many educational institutions, with the Lämel School specifically being established in Lämel's memory, as he passed in 1845. The establishment of the school was headed by Ludwig August von Frankl, who faced opposition from many members of the Ashkenazi Old Yishuv upon his arrival in Jerusalem. They feared that his new school would bring lawlessness due to its emphasis on many secular studies, having seen Jerusalem previously as a way of escaping the European Age of Enlightenment. A rabbinical boycott of the school was had, and Frankl eventually signed a deal with the Sephardic community where he would have his curriculum approved by them. One such signatory was .
In 1888, the school was merged with the Herzberg Orphanage in a transition facilitated by Ephraim Cohen-Reiss. The reorganization included adding new teachers to the staff, such as David Yellin, and developing a scholastic methodology along with more time towards secular studies. Since then, the school recovered and saw an increase in attendance, including those from the Ashkenazi Jewish community.
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75724890
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane%20E.%20Sibley
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Jane E. Sibley
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Jane E. Sibley ( Thomas; after marriage, Mrs. W. C. Sibley; 1838–1930) was an American leader in the temperance movement. She was the first president of the Georgia State Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU). Writing and lecturing on temperance, and providing it with her financial support gave her reputation prominence throughout the South.
Early life
Jane (nickname "Jennie") Elizabeth (or Eliza) Thomas was born in Columbus, Georgia, February 13, 1838. Reared in wealth, Jane's girlhood home was an estate near Columbus. Her father was Judge Grigsby Eskridge Thomas (1796-1865), of Columbus, a leader in his State. Her mother was Mary Ann (Shivers) Thomas (1806-1845), daughter of Barnabas Shivers, a notable miller and large planter of his day in Warren County, Georgia. Both parents were of Virginian descent. The father, a native of Hancock County, Georgia, a prosperous planter and slave owner, was prominent in public life as a lawyer, circuit judge, State senator and representative, and soldier in the Indian wars. Jane had five siblings.
Career
In Columbus, on November 7, 1860, she married William Crapon Sibley, of Augusta, Georgia. They had nine children of which six sons and three daughters. Her husband was a Prohibitionist, and their home was the headquarters for temperance workers. Their guests included Kansas Governor St. John and Prof. Hopkins.
The civil war following closely upon her marriage, Sibley accompanied her soldier husband to the camp whenever she could. Then came peace and a move to New Orleans, Louisiana. They became wealthy quickly, but financial reverses followed with enormous debts.
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75724968
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poecilia%20picta
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Poecilia picta
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Poecilia picta, the swamp guppy, is a species of livebearer fish found in South America. It is closely related to the common guppy, P. reticulata, and shares its geographic range but tends to be found in more brackish environments.
Taxonomy
P. picta forms a clade with P. parae that is a sister taxon to the common guppy, P. reticulata. Some authorities place the species in the genus Poecilia, subgenus Lebistes, along with P. reticulata, P. parae, P. branneri, and P. amazonica; others place it in the genus Micropoecilia along with P. parae and P. branneri.
Description
Males grow to about 18 mm; females reach sexual maturity at that size too but, as in most other poeciliids, continue to grow, reaching 20 mm. Males also differ from females by being more colorful, with black-spotted bodies and black, yellow, or orange coloration in their dorsal and caudal fins. Three color morphs exist in the wild among males: standard, red, and gold. The colorful forms are known from mainland populations but not from the insular.
Distribution and habitat
P. picta is distributed throughout northeastern South America, including Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela, and the Caribbean islands, a range it shares with the closely related guppies P. reticulata and P. parae.
P. picta occurs in lowland habitats such as slowly-flowing waters at stream mouths and still water lagoons. These are often brackish. It tolerates a wide range of salinity levels but gradually disappears from upstream freshwater sites due to competition with P. reticulata, which in turn avoids higher levels of salinity. The two species rarely form mixed shoals. P. picta commonly congregates among marginal aquatic plants.
Ecology
P. picta is omnivorous, feeding on cyanobacteria and animal matter.
Potential predators found in its habitats include Polycentrus schomburgkii, Hoplias malabaricus, Synbranchus marmoratus, Astyanax bimaculatus, and Roeboides dayi, the first two of which frequently prey on fish.
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75725359
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie%20Eastes
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Charlie Eastes
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Charles Colbram Eastes MBE (12 July 1925 — 21 August 1995) was an Australian rugby union international.
Early life
A native of Sydney, Eastes attended Manly Boys' High School and played his junior rugby with local club St. Matthews. He scored 14 tries as a centre in his debut first-grade season for Manly in 1943 before his career was interrupted by war service. During the conflict, Eastes was a Corporal in the Royal Australian Air Force and had two tours to New Guinea.
Wallabies career
Eastes scored a hat-trick of tries for New South Wales against Queensland in 1946 and was selected for that year's tour of New Zealand with the Wallabies. In his first tour match, against North Auckland, he scored another three tries to earn a Test debut on the left wing against the All Blacks at Carisbrook. He was on the 1947–48 tour of Britain, Ireland and France, but missed the Test matches after fracturing his forearm in a tour match against Newport, attempting a tackle on Ken Jones. He continued to play for the Wallabies until 1949 and was capped six times in total.
Administration
Eastes was first-grade coach and club president of Manly in the early 1960s, then in 1969 was Wallabies team manager on the tour of South Africa. Awarded an MBE in the 1978 New Year Honours for services to sport, he had an extensive administrative career in rugby, serving as President of both the Sydney Rugby Union and NSWRU, as well as Vice President of the Australian Rugby Union. He was inducted into the Rugby Australia Hall of Fame in 2013.
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75725597
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military%20organization%20of%20the%20Germanic%20peoples
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Military organization of the Germanic peoples
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By military organization of the Germanic peoples is meant the set of forces that made up the armies of the Germanic peoples, including the organization of their units, their internal hierarchy of command, tactics, armament and strategy, from the Cimbrian Wars (late 2nd century B.C.) to the Marcomannic Wars (mid-3rd century A.D.). After this period a whole series of confederations of peoples (from the Alemanni to the Franks, Goths, and Saxons) were generated, each with its own internal military organization, which will be analyzed individually and separately.
Historical context
Origins
In ancient times there was a widespread hypothesis, reported by Publius Cornelius Tacitus, in De origine et situ Germanorum, that the Germani were an indigenous people of Germania itself. Again according to the Roman historian, they considered themselves descendants of Tuisto, deity of the land, from where his grandchildren, offspring of his son Mannus, would be the progenitors of the three Germanic lineages: that of the Ingaevones, the Istvaeones and the Irminones. According to other traditions, however, Tuisto's sons were more numerous, having thus given rise to other tribes: the Marsi, Suebi, Gambrivii, and Vandals.
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75725597
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military%20organization%20of%20the%20Germanic%20peoples
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Military organization of the Germanic peoples
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The Germanic peoples apparently remained calm for about twenty-five years, while in 38 B.C., the Germanic "client" population of the Ubii was moved into Roman territory. In 29 B.C. a new Suebi incursion again brought devastation to the eastern part of Gaul; again in 17 B.C., a coalition of Sicambri, Tencteri, and Usipetes caused the defeat of the Roman proconsul Marcus Lollius and the loss of the legionary insignia of legio V Alaudae. It was as a result of these advents that the Roman Emperor Augustus, who traveled to Gaul in 16 B.C. with his adopted son, Tiberius, felt it was time to permanently annex Germania Magna (as Caesar had done with Gaul), bringing the "natural" borders of the Roman Empire further east, from the Rhine River to Elbe.
The actual campaigns began in 12 B.C. by Augustus' stepson, Drusus the Elder, who led the Roman armies until they occupied much of the territory between the Rhine and Weser rivers, although in 9 B.C. he died prematurely.
New Roman operations were undertaken in Germania in the following years, taking the imperial borders as far as the Elbe, mainly through the leadership of the future Emperor Tiberius, who succeeded in permanently occupying all Germanic territories west of the river, with the sole exception of Bohemia in its southern part.
It was necessary, therefore, to annex the powerful Marcomanni kingdom of Maroboduus as well. Tiberius was thus prepared to attack even the last bastion of free Germania (in 6 A.D.), moving simultaneously with two armies (one from Mogontiacum and the other from Carnuntum), and converging on Bohemia. The Roman armies were stopped, however, by the outbreak of revolt in Pannonia and Dalmatia.
All the territories conquered in this 20-year period were compromised when in the year 7 Augustus sent Publius Quinctilius Varus to Germania, who lacked diplomatic and military skills, as well as being unaware of the people and places.
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75725597
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military%20organization%20of%20the%20Germanic%20peoples
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Military organization of the Germanic peoples
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In 9 an army of 20,000 men consisting of three legions and a dozen auxiliary units was massacred in the forest of Teutoburg by Arminius, a Roman citizen of Germanic origin. As luck would have it, Maroboduus did not ally himself with Arminius, and the assembled Germani stopped before the Rhine, where only 2 or 3 legions remained to guard the entire province of Gaul.
The military campaigns that followed by the Romans (A.D. 10 to 16), first under the high command of Tiberius and then of the heir-designate, Germanicus, were aimed both at averting a possible Germanic invasion and at preventing possible uprisings among the populations of the Gallic provinces.
Eventually Tiberius, having become emperor himself, preferred to suspend all military activity across the Rhine, leaving the Germanic peoples themselves to settle it by fighting each other. He only made alliances with some peoples against others, so as to keep them always at war with each other; avoiding having to intervene directly, with great risk of incurring new disasters such as that of Varus; but above all without having to employ huge military and economic resources, in order to maintain peace within the "possible and new" imperial borders.
It is said that in 18 Arminius, having grouped under his command numerous Germanic tribes (such as Lombards, Semnones, and some of the Suebian lineages of the kingdom of Maroboduus), waged war on the Marcomanni kingdom of Maroboduus. And contrary to ancient Germanic traditions, both Germanic commanders, now accustomed to following Roman tactics, having both served for years in Roman auxiliary troops, faced each other in an orderly manner and with tactics unusual to them. Tacitus relates that:
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75726637
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datu%20Patinggi%20Ali
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Datu Patinggi Ali
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Datu Patinggi Abang Ali bin Abang Amir (or commonly known as Datu Patinggi Ali ) was a key figure in the Sarawak Malays' resistance against the Brunei Empire, which ocurred throughout Pengiran Indera Mahkota and Raja Muda Hashim's reign in the 1830s. He became one of the first supporters of the Brooke Raj and was hailed as Sarawak's first national hero. He played an important role in the 1830s uprising against Bruneian authority. In an endeavor to oppose Brunei's attempts to subjugate Sarawak through local leaders, he was described by contemporaries as a determined and courageous leader. After the Sarawak dispute ended, Brook appointed Ali as an aide-de-camp.
Early life
The origins of Ali are disputed. Sarawak Malays asserted that he had descended from the Minangkabau Kingdom, which once existed in Sumatra, Indonesia. A prince of the Royal House of Minangkabau, Datu Undi (also called Raja Jarom) moved to Borneo with his people and settled near the Sarawak River. Raja Jarom had seven children, and the oldest daughter married a Javanese royal prince. Malays claim that Ali was descended directly from them. Utusan Sarawak states that he is a descendant of the early leader of Sarawak who was centered in Santubong, namely Datu Merpati.
| 2.328125
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75726637
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datu%20Patinggi%20Ali
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Datu Patinggi Ali
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Sarawak Rebellion
Following 10 years of hardship as a slave worker, Ali rallied his supporters from Siniawan to oppose Pengiran Indera Mahkota. They began to resist in 1836. Datu Bandar, Datu Amar, and Datu Temenggong helped Ali. Patinggi Ali, one of Datu's disciples, first constructed defense fortifications in Siniawan, Lidah Tanah, and other locations—an additional location upstream Bau. Their objective is to remove the Bruneian governor and liberate Sarawak from the Sultanate of Brunei's rule. In addition to setting up battle plans, he offered them words of encouragement and counsel. They put up a fierce fight with Pengiran Indera Makkota. They were still unable to vanquish Pengiran Indera Mahkota despite several battles. Similarly, Ali was defeated by Pengiran Indera Mahkota as well.
This brother persisted and got worse in 1838, following 1839. Ali received assistance, as the Sambas Sultan pledged.. Additionally, there is material indicating that the Kalimantan Dutch had prepared to assist the people of the Bau area in defeating the Pengiran Indera Mahkota. Pengiran Muda Hashim understood how tough it would be to overcome Ali's troops. James Brooke, an English traveler who was in Kuching at the time, was approached for assistance. Brooke and a few other Royalist crew members sail up the Sarawak River to Siniawan in 1840. The ship is outfitted with contemporary weaponry. There have been several conflicts and occasionally the same number of talks with Ali. At last, Brooke is said to have defeated his army at the Lidah Tanah citadel with the aid of 600 part-time troops who back him and are Iban, Malay, and Chinese.
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75727001
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20Barrett%20%28Indigenous%20Australian%29
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Bob Barrett (Indigenous Australian)
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Bob Barrett or Monunggal ( – 15 October 1833) was a notable Awabakal Indigenous Australian from the area around Lake Macquarie and Newcastle, New South Wales. He was a trusted part of the British military establishment at the Newcastle and Port Macquarie convict settlements, where he was employed in the tracking and capture of escaped convicts. He was also involved in a famous court case which set a precedent for legal pluralism in Australia, and was later given a non-commissioned officer rank in an abortive Aboriginal paramilitary unit designed to engage with Aboriginal Tasmanians resisting British colonisation.
Early life
Not much is known about Barrett's early life, apart from that he was born in the Newcastle or Lake Macquarie region of New South Wales around the year 1795 and is regarded as being part of the Awabakal group of Indigenous Australians. His traditional name is mentioned as being Monunggal. As a young man he was regarded as powerful and intelligent by members of the British military establishment at the Newcastle penal colony and was utilised in tracking down and capturing escaped convicts around the period of 1817 to 1821. He was also trained in the use of firearms and became a very good marksman.
Port Macquarie
In 1821, Barrett together with two other well-known Awabakal men in Biraban and Jemmy Jackass (aka Werakata), were assigned to be taken to Port Macquarie to assist in the establishment of a new convict settlement there. Captain Francis Allman, the first Commandant of the Port Macquarie penal colony, utilised Barrett, Biraban and Jemmy to help establish communication with the local Birpai people and, similar to Newcastle, used to track down and capture escaped convicts. They were given firearms and the informal rank of 'bush constables'.
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75727083
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santee%20Indian%20Organization
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Santee Indian Organization
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Platt family harassment
In 1954, Allen Platt and Laura Dangerfield Platt, descendants of the community residing in Lake County, Florida, claimed Cherokee and Irish ancestry. Their family's story gained national attention in a 1955 Ebony magazine article titled 'Florida Sheriff Calls White Family Black'. This piece detailed an incident where Sheriff Willis V. McCall forcibly entered the Platt family's home at night, acting on reports that some of the children appeared to be of African descent and were passing as white. During this raid, Sheriff McCall lined up the seven Platt children, photographed them, and subjected them to an impromptu assessment of their racial background. Disapproving of one child's nose shape and deeming five children's complexions and hair texture too similar to those of African Americans, he declared them unfit for a whites-only school. As a result, the children with darker complexions were expelled from their school, and the family faced eviction from their home.
The Platt family endured ostracism, racial insults, and threats of violence following this incident. After relocating, their new house was set on fire. Determined to assert their identity, the Platts eventually sought and succeeded in obtaining legal recognition of their white racial status. The experience had a lasting impact on Mr. Platt, who, in his eighties, recounted to an Orlando Sentinel reporter, "I wouldn't have treated a dog the way they treated me".
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75727800
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Jos%C3%A9%20Acoculco
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San José Acoculco
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San José Acoculco is a town in the municipality of Atotonilco de Tula in the Mexican state of Hidalgo.
Toponymy
Acocolco from Acúlco, atl, water, coltic, twisted or bent, co, ending: "Place where the water twists."
Geography
It is located in the region of Mezquital Valley, the locality corresponds to the geographical coordinates of latitude north and of length west, with an altitude of 2121 m.s.m.l. It’s located at an approximate distance of 9.54 kilometers to the southwest of the municipal capital, Atotonilco de Tula.
As for physiography it is located within the province of the Neo-volcanic Axis within the sub-province of Lakes and Volcanoes of Anáhuac; its land is hillock. With regard to the hydrography it is positioned in the Panuco region, within the basin of the Moctezuma River, in the sub-basin of the El Salto River. It has a temperate semi-dry climate.
Demographics
In 2020, it registered a population of 757 people, which corresponds to 1.21% of the municipal population. Of which 368 are men and 389 are women. It has 199 inhabited private homes.
Economy
The town has a medium degree of marginalization and a low degree of social backwardness.
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75728210
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9th%20Heavy%20Artillery%20Regiment%20%28Italy%29
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9th Heavy Artillery Regiment (Italy)
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The 9th Heavy Artillery Regiment () is an inactive heavy artillery regiment of the Italian Army, which was based in Verona in Veneto. Originally an anti-aircraft artillery center of the Royal Italian Army, the center was reorganized as a heavy artillery regiment in 1930. In 1937 the regiment was transferred to the Guardia alla Frontiera, which was tasked with manning the fortifications of the Alpine Wall. During World War II the regiment formed two Guardia alla Frontiera artillery groupings, which participated in 1941 in the invasion of Yugoslavia. The regiment also formed the 9th Army Artillery Grouping, which participated in 1940 in the invasion of France and in 1941 in the invasion of Yugoslavia. In summer 1942 the 9th Army Artillery Grouping was assigned to the Italian Army in Russia, which was deployed to the Eastern Front. The Italian Army in Russia was destroyed in winter 1942-43 during the Soviet Operation Little Saturn and the remnants of the 9th Army Artillery Grouping were repatriated in spring 1943. The regiment and its groupings were disbanded by invading German forces after the announcement of the Armistice of Cassibile on 8 September 1943.
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75729342
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easter%20in%20Italy
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Easter in Italy
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The rites of the Holy Week in Ruvo di Puglia are the main event that takes place in the Apulian town. Folklore and sacred or profane traditions, typical of the ruvestine tradition, represent a great attraction for tourists from neighboring cities and the rest of Italy and Europe, and have been included by the I.D.E.A. among the events of the intangible heritage of Italy. The proof of the existence of the first Ruvestines confraternities can be found in the polyptych, a Byzantine work signed Z. T., depicting the Madonna with Child and confreres in which the inscription "Hoc opus fieri fec(e)runt, confratres san(c)ti Cleti, anno salut(i)s 1537" and preserved in the church of Purgatory, in the left aisle, the one dedicated to Saint Anacletus.
Easter Monday
In Italy, Easter Monday is an official public holiday and is called “Lunedì dell'Angelo” (“Monday of the Angel”), “Lunedì in Albis” or more commonly “Pasquetta”. It is customary to hold a family picnic in the countryside or barbecues with friends.
Popular traditions
In Italy, there are many traditions related to Easter (). In Versilia, as a sign of forgiveness, but this time towards Jesus, the women of the sailors kiss the earth, saying: "Terra bacio e terra sono - Gesù mio, chiedo perdono" ("I kiss the earth and earth I am - my Jesus, I ask for forgiveness"). In Abruzzo, however, it is the custom of farmers during Easter to add holy water to food. Holy water is also used in Julian March, where half a glass is drunk on an empty stomach, before eating two hard-boiled eggs and a focaccia washed down with white wine.
Another symbol used during the Easter period is fire. In particular, in Coriano, in the province of Rimini, bonfires are lit on Easter Eve. At the same time, the blessed fire is brought to the countryside in the autonomous province of Bolzano. Bonfires are also lit in San Marco in Lamis, this time lit on a wheeled cart.
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75729420
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%2C5-Hexanediol
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2,5-Hexanediol
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2,5-Hexanediol is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2CH(OH)CH3. It is both a glycol and a secondary alcohol. It is a colorless water-soluble viscous liquid. The chemical properties are well understood and have been extensively reported and studied. It has the IUPAC name of hexane-2,5-diol and the CAS Registry Number CAS 2935-44-6.
Other names
(2R,5R)-2,5-hexanediol
2,5-Dihydroxyhexane
Diisopropanol
Hexan-2,5-diol
[R-(R*,R*)]-2,5-hexanediol
hexane-2,5-diol
Manufacture
One common method of manufacture of the compound is from yeast. Another method involves the reduction of acetonylacetone. The material has two chiral carbons and thus has a number of enantiomers. Processes have been researched and developed to produce enantiopure products and by a continuous process. Some synthesis has been carried out from keto hexanoates.
Uses
One of the uses of the material is to synthesize polyesters. and also fine chemicals.
Toxicity
The toxicity of the material has been studied and is reasonably well understood. It can affect the eyes and has some neurotoxic effects.
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75729468
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death%20squads%20in%20Uruguay
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Death squads in Uruguay
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The Death Squads were a group of far-right paramilitary associations which carried out extrajudicial killings and other criminal actions in Uruguay in the years previous to the civic-military dictatorship. Their existence and power have been disputed.
Background
The Squads were not a unified group. The movement carried out its operations through different organizations and names, namely the Comando Caza Tupamaros, the Comando Dan A. Mitrione, the Defensa Armada Nacionalista, the Comando Armando Leses, the Brigadas Nacionales, the MANO and the Escuadrón de Justicia Oriental.
The main sources of information about the Squads are the "Actas de Bardesio" (lit: Proceedings of Bardesio), a document disclosed by the Tupamaros. The proceedings were written after the abduction of photographer Nelson Bardesio, an alleged member of the group who confessed the Squads' activities and motives. According to Bardesio, the Death Squads were a total of 5 groups and had the approval of the Ministry of the Interior. The Squads would have been organized and promoted by important politicians and military personnel. The proceedings also point to the involvement of Paraguayan and Brazilian citizens in the organizations. Bardesio would later deny his claims before the police and state he had spoken under psychological torture.
A policeman, Nelson Mario Benítez Saldivia, confessed his participation in the Death Squads during a parliamentary investigation on the subject in May 1972. Benítez claimed to have been recruited by Bardesio for a "commando" involved in "terrorist actions", of which he was informed at Buenos Aires. He resigned the project soon after understanding its full implications, and claimed to have been detained for some days afterwards. Nevertheless, Benítez stated he was not informed of the involvement of the Squads in extrajudicial killings, and claimed he could only learn of small-scale attacks against left-wing figures' homes in which nobody was harmed.
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75729577
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation%20Summer%20Rain%20%28Cold%20War%29
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Operation Summer Rain (Cold War)
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Operation Summer Rain (), was a highly classified joint mission involving the Federal Intelligence Service (BND) and special units of the German Armed Forces during the Cold War-era Soviet-Afghan War in the 1980s. The primary objective of the operation was to gather intelligence on the weapons systems used by Soviet forces.
During the Cold War, the West, particularly the United States, aimed to contain Soviet influence in Afghanistan. Intelligence agencies pursued a strategy of supporting the Mujahideen by providing weapons, equipment, and training. This approach aimed to give the Soviet forces a costly experience while gaining insights into Soviet military technology.
Background and approval
Operated under the utmost secrecy by the 16A department of the BND, responsible for the "Near and Middle East" region, Operation "Summer Rain" aimed to secure Soviet military technology deployed in Afghanistan. Notably, the Bundestag was not involved in the approval process, with the operation receiving the green light from the respective German governments.
Collaboration with Mujahideen Forces
BND agents from Pullach collaborated over several years with Afghan Mujahideen fighters, working together to obtain weaponry from the Soviet forces. The agents focused on acquiring a range of military assets, including new armor, ammunition types, night vision devices, and navigation technology used by the Soviet Red Army.
Analysis and transportation of Soviet weaponry
The BND agents transported the acquired Soviet weaponry to Pakistan, where a container, cleverly disguised as a mobile medical station, served as the hub for analysis. The materials were meticulously examined, with a former BND employee recalling the X-ray assessments, particularly on the ammunition, to gauge its potential danger.
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75729692
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufous-backed%20dwarf%20kingfisher
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Rufous-backed dwarf kingfisher
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The rufous-backed dwarf kingfisher (Ceyx rufidorsa) is a small bird in the kingfisher family Alcedinidae that is found in parts of Maritime Southeast Asia. It was formerly considered to be conspecific with the black-backed dwarf kingfisher and together the two taxa were known by the English name "oriental dwarf kingfisher".
This tropical kingfisher is easily distinguishable from other birds in its range due to its red bill, yellow-orange underparts, lilac-rufous upperparts, and rufous back. It resides in lowland forests, typically near streams or ponds, where it feeds upon insects, spiders, worms, crabs, fish, frogs, and lizards.
Taxonomy
The rufous-backed dwarf kingfisher was formally described in 1847 by the English naturalist Hugh Edwin Strickland under the current binomial name Ceyx rufidorsa. He specified the type locality as Malacca at the southern end of the Malay Peninsula. The specific epithet combines Latin rufus meaning "rufous" with dorsus meaning "back".
The rufous-backed dwarf kingfisher was formerly considered to be a colour morph of the black-backed dwarf kingfisher (Ceyx erithaca). The two species complex was known as the "oriental dwarf kingfisher". Molecular genetic studies have shown that Ceyx rufidorsa is a distinct taxon and that the polymorphism is the result of ancient introgression in which some genes from Ceyx erithaca were transferred to Ceyx rufidorsa around 140,000 years ago.
Five subspecies are recognised:
C. r. rufidorsa Strickland, 1847 – south Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Lubang, Bangka and Belitung (east of south Sumatra), Java, Borneo (except northeast) and Lesser Sunda Islands to Flores and Pantar.
C. r. motleyi Chasen & Kloss, 1929 – northeast Borneo (Sabah to East Kalimantan) and adjacent northern offshore islands
C. r. captus Ripley, 1941 – Nias (west of north Sumatra)
C. r. jungei Ripley, 1942 – Batu Islands and Simeulue (west of north Sumatra)
C. r. vargasi Manuel, 1939 – Lubang, Mindoro (northwest, southwest Philippines),
| 2.65625
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75729699
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3rd%20Heavy%20Artillery%20Regiment%20%22Volturno%22
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3rd Heavy Artillery Regiment "Volturno"
|
In 1931 the regiment moved from Palmanova to Reggio Emilia. On 1 November 1932 the regiment received the V Group of the 9th Heavy Artillery Regiment. This group was based in Zadar and renumbered as VI Group upon entering the 3rd Heavy Artillery Regiment. In October 1934 the regiment was renamed 3rd Army Artillery Regiment and on 1 January 1935 the regiment disbanded its III Group, whose personnel was used to form the V Group of the 9th Army Artillery Regiment. The same year the regiment formed the command of a grouping and the command of a group, as well as two batteries for the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. On 23 September 1935 the regiment formed the III Position Artillery Replacements Group, which was intended to provide replacement personnel for units deployed in the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. This III Group was disbanded on 30 April 1936 and its personnel assigned to various units involved in the war; these units included the Royal Corps of Colonial Troops in Libya, the 10th Artillery Regiment "Volturno" of the 25th Infantry Division "Volturno", and the 7th Motorized Regiment, which was formed the next day, on 1 May 1936, in Palermo by the depot of the 12th Army Corps Artillery Regiment. In November 1936 the regiment formed a Marching Position Artillery Group, which was sent to Massawa in Eritrea to provide replacement personnel for units engaged in the war in Ethiopia.
World War II
At the outbreak of World War II the regiment consisted of a command, a group with 210/8 siege mortars, two groups with 152/13 howitzers, and a group with 149/35 heavy guns. During the war the regiment's depot in Reggio Emilia formed and mobilized the following unit commands:
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75729817
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Animals%20Sick%20of%20the%20Plague
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The Animals Sick of the Plague
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The start of Ivan Krylov's plague fable differs less widely from La Fontaine's, but at the end wolves are added to the Tiger and Bear as joining in confession. They are followed by an Ox who admits that five years past he had nibbled a whisp from a priest's haystack and for this impiety is condemned by the others as the real culprit. Krylov also shifts from emphasising lack of means in his conclusion; in the eyes of the world, he ends, "The man that's meekest is the man to blame".
Illustrations
Editions of the Fables were issued with individual illustrations of each, starting with those of François Chauveau in the 17th century and extending through engravings based on the work of such recognised masters as Jean-Baptiste Oudry in the 18th century and Gustave Doré in the 19th. The majority of these portray the apologetic ass facing a semicircle of hostile beasts. The same scene was also used by Charles Virion in his bronze medal of 1940.
A more exotic illustration is provided by the miniature commissioned from the Indian painter Imam Bakhsh Lahori (active 1825-45), now at the Musée Jean de La Fontaine. This shows the lion sitting in judgement and the slaughter of the ass, a theme pictured by later illustrators such as Jean Ignace Isidore Gérard Grandville. Grandville's print takes up the fable's satirical undercurrent of a corrupted society swayed by the powerful, in which the lion sits at ease in the court and the wolf is dressed in a prosecutor's robes, with a blind mole swinging a priestly censer at his side.
| 2.09375
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75729856
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emy%20Gordon
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Emy Gordon
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Emilie Caroline Albertine Gordon (née von Beulwitz) (6 March 1841 − 2 February 1909), known as Emy Gordon, was a German writer, translator and Catholic activist who was married to the Scottish diplomat George Gordon.
Family
Gordon was born in Cannstatt, near Stuttgart, to Hartmund von Beulwitz (1814−1871), a Protestant landowner, and his Catholic wife Nanette Riedlinger (1808−1869).
In the 1860s she began an affair with George John Robert Gordon (1812−1902), a Scottish diplomat serving as Britain's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Kingdom of Württemberg, who had been married to Rosa Justina Young (1817−1891) since 1843. Nevertheless, he declared himself a bachelor and converted to Catholicism, and married Emilie von Beulwitz in Manchester in 1871, causing a scandal.
Gordon and her husband had four children, three of whom were born before their marriage:
Georgina Gordon (1866−1958)
Robert Gordon (b. 1869)
Richard Wolf Gordon (b. 1870)
Louise Ignace Therese Julie Gordon (b. 1872)
After her husband inherited his father's estate at Ellon Castle in Scotland in 1873, the family lived there for several years before moving to the continent, residing first in Bruges in Belgium before settling permanently in Würzburg in Germany. She and her husband were married in a civil ceremony in Maastricht in the Netherlands in 1892, after her husband's first wife died.
Writing and translation work
In her later years Gordon published a number of books on home and family life, the most popular of which was Die Pflichten eines Dienstmädchens, oder: das A-B-C des Haushaltes (1894), a guide to the duties of the housewife. She also edited Die praktische Hausfrau (The Practical Housewife), a supplement to the regional Catholic newspaper Fränkisches Volksblatt, and published articles in several Catholic magazines.
Gordon's translation work included the publication of a German version of Cardinal Manning's Why I Became a Catholic, Or Religio Viatoris.
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75729948
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leib%20Naidus
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Leib Naidus
|
During the First World War, Germany occupied Vilnius; for a time Naidus left the city to live on his parents' estate near Grodno. By 1915 he printed his first chapbook in Vilnius with funding from a supporter in Yekaterinoslav, titled Lyric; however, due to the wartime conditions he was not able to properly distribute it and it received little attention from critics. H. G. fell ill with tuberculosis and was sent to recover in Switzerland. By 1916 Naidus was involved in the cultural life in Grodno, also under German occupation, and worked closely on various cultural activities with another intellectual called Avram Zak. Aside from his original poetry, he also continued to translate the works of various French and Russian poets into Yiddish, notably Alexander Pushkin and Mikhail Lermontov. The last two years of his life were his most active, in which he helped publish literary magazines and wrote a significant amount of poetry which was only published after his death. The only other booklet he published during this time was ("Pan's flute").
It was during a literary tour in the Grodno region in 1918 that he contracted diphtheria. After only a few days of illness in his apartment in Grodno he passed away on 23 December 1918. He was only 28 years old. He was buried in the New Jewish Cemetery in Grodno.
| 2.1875
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75730028
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amber%20McBride
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Amber McBride
|
McBride credits novels in verse like Brown Girl Dreaming, The Poet X, and A Long Way Down with inspiring her to write her own verse novel. Me (Moth) was well-received by critics, and named a Summer/Fall 2021 Indies Introduce young adult selection and a July/August 2021 Kids’ Next List pick. It was a finalist for the National Book Award for Young People's Literature in 2021, and won the John Steptoe New Talent Award in 2022.
We are all So Good at Smiling
McBride's second young adult novel in verse, We are all so Good at Smiling, about clinical depression and healing from trauma, was published in January 2022. The novel was inspired by the author's experience with depression during the COVID-19 pandemic, prompted by her author friend Ally Malinenko's own novel about her lived experience with cancer, which she called inspired by her impression that "no one ever writes about the kids who live. The sentiment resonated with McBride.
McBride says one of the goals of her novel was to make it clear that "not even Baba Yaga or Anansi the spider is [sic] immune to depression", hoping that her novel facilitates open dialogue about mental health struggles.
Gone Wolf
McBride's middle grade debut, Gone Wolf, is a dual-timeline story centering two Black girls, one living in the year 2111 and escaping a dystopian U.S, and one living in Charlottesville during the COVID-19 pandemic, dealing with generational trauma through figments of her imagination. It was published by Feiwel and Friends. It was a finalist for the Heavy Medal Mock Newbery by School Library Journal in January 2024.
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75730049
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calida%20Rawles
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Calida Rawles
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Calida Garcia Rawles (born 1976 in Wilmington, Delaware) is a Los Angeles-based contemporary visual artist. In her large-scale paintings and murals, Rawles merges hyperrealism and abstraction. The artist is interested in questions of identity and race in relation to Western art history. Her portraits often depict representations of water and Black life. She is a practicing artist and a mother.
Early life and education
Burton Payne and Martha Turner Payne, born in 1827 and 1833 respectively, were Rawles's mother's great grandparents. The artist keeps a picture of them in her studio. Her personal experience with swimming started when she was seven years old while learning to swim, an activity she still practices as an adult and in which she finds comfort.
Rawles earned a studio art bachelor's degree in 1998 from Spelman College, Atlanta, where she was exposed to the work of Black women artists such as Carrie Mae Weems and Elizabeth Catlett. She holds an MFA in painting from New York University (2000). While attending art school in the American South, Rawles started reflecting on the role of spirituality and belief systems concerning art. In a 2023 interview, she stated“I was not raised in a religious household, but in the South, hearing and talking about God and spirituality was regular, and it was in the culture.” Now “I find that a lot in my work—I am reaching for a larger understanding of life and a connection to something larger than myself.” In 2004, right after graduating from NYU, the artist relocated from New York to Inglewood, next to Los Angeles, with her with her husband and stepson. After working as a graphic designer little while, she established an art studio in an industrial building. This very city still functions as Rawles's production and experimentation site to this day.
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75730203
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srebra
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Srebra
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The Srebra (), also known as the Azmak (Азмак) is a river in southern Bulgaria, a left tributary of the river Maritsa, with a length of 21 km.
The river takes its source under the name Zlatoselska reka at an altitude of 696 m at 1.7 km southwest of the village of Svezhen in the mountain range of Sredna Gora. In its upper course it flows in a deep forested valley, covered with mixed deciduous forests of Austrian oak (Quercus cerris), Hungarian oak (Quercus frainetto) and pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens), with Mediterranean species such as prickly juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus). There are also shrubs of Jerusalem thorn (Paliurus spina-christi), common lilac (Syringa vulgaris), dwarf everlast (Helichrysum arenarium) and blackberries (Rubus fruticosus).
The Srebra then flows into the Dondukovo Reservoir and enters the Upper Thracian Plain at the village of Zlatosel. It flows southwards from its source to the town of Rakovski and then turns in southeastern direction, passing though the village of Belozem. It flows into the Maritsa at an altitude of 131 m at 1.4 km west of the village of Mirovo.
Its drainage basin covers a territory of 68 km2 or 0.12% of the Maritsa's total and borders the drainage basins of the Stryama to the west and southwest and the Brezovska reka to the east, both left tributaries of the Maritsa.
The Srebra has predominantly rain feed with high water in January–May and low water in July–October. The average annual flow is only 0.28 m3/s due to the intensive use of the water for irrigation.
The river flows mostly in Plovdiv Province, with a short section at its mouth in Stara Zagora Province. There are six settlements along its course: the villages of Zlatosel, Drangovo and Otets Kirilovo in Brezovo Municipality and the town of Rakovski and villages of Shishmantsi and Belozem in Rakovski Municipality, all of them in Plovdiv Province. Almost all of the river's waters are utilised for irrigation for the intensive agriculture in the Upper Thracian Plain.
Citations
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75730311
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paula%20Mary%20Turnbull
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Paula Mary Turnbull
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Sister Paula Mary Turnbull (May 26, 1921 – July 20, 2018) was an American sculptor and educator. Known as the "welding nun", she created liturgical and whimsical metal sculptures. Her most famous work is Garbage Goat, a steel sculpture in Riverfront Park in Spokane, Washington, that incorporates a vacuum apparatus allowing the goat to "eat" trash. During her career, Turnbull created dozens of public artworks in Spokane and helped organize the installation of public art at the Expo '74 world's fair.
Turnbull lived at the convent of the Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary where she had an art studio. She taught sculpture and art history at Fort Wright College for 25 years and chaired the college's art department. She received degrees from Holy Names College, Siena Heights University, the University of Washington, the Parsons School of Design, and the Art Institute of Chicago.
Early life and education
Mary Margaret Turnbull was born on May 26, 1921, in Seattle, Washington, to Marie Leger and William Garfield Turnbull. She grew up in Alki Point near the beach. She attended Alki Elementary and graduated from Holy Names Academy. She entered the Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary in Marylhurst, Oregon, and took her religious vows on August 5, 1941.
Turnbull earned her BA in education and art from Holy Names College in Spokane. She attended Siena Heights University in Michigan in 1956, earning her MFA. She later received advanced degrees from the University of Washington in Seattle, the Parsons School of Design, and the Art Institute of Chicago. She studied under George Tsutakawa in 1963 and Anthony Caro in the late 1970s.
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75730311
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paula%20Mary%20Turnbull
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Paula Mary Turnbull
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Teaching career and later life
Turnbull taught at elementary schools operated by the Sisters of the Holy Names, including St. Francis of Assisi and St. Patrick's in Spokane, Sacred Heart in Seattle, and All Saints in Portland, Oregon. Beginning in the 1950s, she taught art at Holy Names College (later known as Fort Wright College). Turnbull taught art history and sculpture at Fort Wright for 25 years and chaired the college's art department in the 1970s. She was named Fort Wright Center's artist-in-residence in 1981. For 35 years, she led annual month-long art study groups in Europe and Mexico. During these trips, she would paint watercolors en plein air. Her students included Deborah Copenhaver Fellows and Jim Hodges.
Turnbull lived at the Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary convent in Spokane. The Holy Names Art Studio was designed for her on the convent's property. She gave tours of the studio and taught classes, including a weekly figure-drawing class for which she invited nude models. While in her studio, she abstained from wearing her heavy woolen habit to more comfortably use her welding torch.
Turnbull worked in her studio up until her retirement in March 2018. Proceeds from a retrospective of her works went towards a retirement fund for her convent and African missions. She died at Brookdale South Regal on July 20, 2018. She was interred at Holy Cross Cemetery.
Art
Turnbull was an accomplished sculptor, known for her liturgical and whimsical welded metal sculptures. Her technique of creating layered copper tubing evoked the appearance of flowing fabric and became a trademark of hers. She was also a ceramist, woodcarver, and watercolorist. In a 2000 essay in Sisters Today, she wrote that "art tells a story and helps the viewer recognize that deep longing for beauty and the presence of God in all creation."
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75730421
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pie%20de%20la%20Cuesta%2C%20Oaxaca
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Pie de la Cuesta, Oaxaca
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Pie de la Cuesta is a town located in the Coast region of the State of Oaxaca, in Mexico, in the southeast of the country, 300 km south of Mexico City. Pie de la Cuesta is part of the municipality of San Juan Cacahuatepec, the municipality number 185 out of 570 of the state of Oaxaca. It has a population of 717 inhabitants. The language spoken in this town is Spanish.
The outskirts of Pie de la Cuesta are mountainous. The closest highest point is 729 meters above mean sea level, 2.0 km north of Pie de la Cuesta. The surroundings of Pie de la cuesta are sparsely populated, with 35 inhabitants per square kilometer. The closest town is San Juan Cacahuatepec, 3.1 km west of Pie de la Cuesta.
Demographics
Pie de la cuesta has 717 inhabitants, of whom 376 are women and 341, men. 431 inhabitants are adults and 92 are older than 60 years.
There are a total of 171 private homes.
Culture
The population of Pie de la Cuesta is mainly Roman Catholic. Holidays like Christmas, Day of the Dead and Holy Week are celebrated.
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75730430
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randall%20Holden%20Jr.
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Randall Holden Jr.
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Major Randall Holden Jr. (April 1660 – 13 September 1726) was a colonial Rhode Island politician.
Early life
Holden was born in April 1660 in Warwick in the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. He was the son of Frances ( Dungan) Holden (1632–1696) and Randall Holden, co-founder of Portsmouth and Warwick who was one of the signers of the Portsmouth Compact. His younger brother, Charles Holden, married Catherine Greene (a daughter of Deputy Governor John Greene Jr.), and his younger sister, Susannah Holden, married Benjamin Greene (son of Thomas Greene and grandson of John Greene, an early settler of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations who was one of the 12 original proprietors of Providence and a co-founder of the town of Warwick).
Career
Holden was a member of the House of Deputies (precursor to Representatives) for Warwick in 1696, 1699, 1700, 1704, 1714 to 1715, and in 1721. From October 1714 to May 1715, he served as Speaker of the House of Deputies. He was Assistant of the Rhode Island Colony (essentially the Upper House of the Assembly) from 1705 to 1713 and from 1715 to 1725. In 1706, he was appointed Major for the Main and was a member of the commission that determined the border with Connecticut.
Personal life
On 27 January 1686/7, Holden was married to Bethiah Waterman (1664–1742), a daughter of Nathaniel Waterman and Susanna ( Carder) Waterman. Her grandfather, Richard Waterman, was one of the original proprietors of Providence. Together, they were the parents of:
John Holden (1687–1749)
Wait Holden (b. 1690), who died young.
Susanna Holden (1692–1745), who died unmarried.
Randall Holden III (1694–1766), who married Rose Wickes, daughter of John Wickes and Sarah ( Gorton) Wickes (granddaughter of Samuel Gorton) in 1724.
Wait Holden (1696–), who married her cousin William Holden in 1721.
Mary Holden (1699–1738), who married Capt. Thomas Rice.
Frances Holden (1701–1732), who married Capt. John Low, son of Anthony Low and Mary ( Arnold) Low.
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75730635
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochi%20music
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Balochi music
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Balochi music is the musical traditions of the Baloch people and music in the Balochi language. The Baloch people have a rich oral tradition that includes poems and songs to celebrate or commemorate many events such as religious rites, festivals, or holidays and dance.
Types of Baloch songs include Balochi praise songs (sipatt and nazenk), love songs (dastanag), elegies (Mōtk or Mowtk.), lullabies (lilo), wedding and circumcision songs (halo and lado), songs of separation (zahirok, liko), epics (sher), fishermen’s songs (amba and lewa), healing songs ( gwati, sheki, sheparja, and malid, Zar), and Zikri ritual songs.
Notable musical forms in Balochi culture include Sepad, Shabtagi, Vazbad, Lullaby, and Zahirok, which are performed in various rituals, such as those following the birth of a child, while lullabies are sung to soothe infants and children.
As with spoken language, Baloch music varies from region to region.
The main meter of Nazenk is a melancholic and emotional, often dealing with themes of separation and longing. Nazenk is sung without music and in a melodic or recited way. Basically the singers of this type of songs are often women but men also perform and sing them.
Leva is a from of Balochi music, upbeat and celebratory songs performed at weddings and festivals.
Liko is often performed during celebrations, weddings, and cultural festivals. The word liko conveys sense of longing. The performance typically involves traditional instruments such as the suroz and dhol creating lively rhythms that accompany the dance. Liko features energetic movements, often characterized by circular formations where dancers hold hands and move in sync with the music.
Balochi music has been very popular in Iran, Oman and Pakistan.
Music instruments
Instruments in traditional Balochi music include suroz, donali, ghaychak, dohol, sorna, rubab, kemenche, tamburag and benju.
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75731142
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haras%20National%20d%27Hennebont
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Haras National d'Hennebont
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From 1945 to 2007
The decline of the draft horse accelerated after 1945, although it was relatively slow and gradual in Brittany, leading to a loss of motivation among breeders. Foreign missions (Italy, Spain, Japan...) kept the Breton breed alive. The conversion of Breton horse breeding to meat production is helping to maintain the breed's numbers. Director M. Gendry began converting the breeding program to this end as early as 1946. From 1952, Marcilhacy continued this policy. The system of rolling trucks became widespread, to bring stallions to breeders who had difficulty moving their mares to the stud farm or breeding station. Since the 1960s, livestock premiums have encouraged breeders in the Hennebont district to keep draft horses. In 1954, over a period of 17 years, a breeder stallion, Gerfaut, assigned to the Bannalec station in Finistère, had a lasting influence on the Breton breed in the Hennebont district, through cross-breeding with postal mares.
The opened in 1964, marking the establishment's move towards equestrian sport. Mr. de Dieuleveult took over as director in 1965, favoring racehorses and sport horses and increasing the number of stallions. His three successors continued in this vein, while maintaining a large Breton herd. In 1970, with 217 stallions, Hennebont was one of France's largest stallion depots; in 1973, twelve bloodstock stallions were stationed there.
The stud was also one of the pioneers in the use of equine artificial insemination in France, the technique being tested on its draft stallions as early as 1981. In 1985, it sent a huge Breton butcher-type breeding stallion, named Oscar, to the Bannalec station. The great storm of October 16, 1987 severely damaged the site.
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75731142
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haras%20National%20d%27Hennebont
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Haras National d'Hennebont
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The entire site is planted with rare species, including some old specimens, such as a lime tree over 200 years old. The 23-hectare park, partially classified as a "protected wooded area", also contains rose bushes in the main courtyard, Monterey pines, whitebeam, Gunnera manicata, ash trees, purple beech and a cedar of Lebanon. Camellias bloom periodically. A fountain sculpted in the shape of a lion's mouth provides water all year round.
In the past, the choice of certain plant species had a practical purpose: hazel was used to make dressage badines, while ash was used for harnessing equipment.
Management
A number of stud farm directors and inspectors have left their mark on Hennebont's history. According to Gérard Guillotel, the various Haras de Bretagne officers in the second half of the 20th century were very close-knit.
Missions, events and tourism
The site's activities have evolved over time, and are now mainly focused on tourism, sporting activities and culture, with over 60,000 visitors a year on average, according to Lorient Agglomération. More than 2,500 people will visit the Haras during the 2019 European Heritage Days. Visits include the stables, the forge, the main tack room and the breeding laboratory. All events are managed by Sellor, which also rents out the site for weddings, seminars and cabarets. Equestrian shows are organized from April to December, with more than a hundred shows performed each year, under a big top or outdoors.
The , present on the site, provides equine identification and socio-professional support in the equestrian sector.
Horse discovery area
A horse discovery area in Brittany, created in 1999, is located in the large stable (known as No. 1), presenting the horse and its history. It features interactive museography and videos.
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75731214
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levi%20Billig
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Levi Billig
|
In the late 1920s, Billig was involved in advancing efforts to teach Arabic in Jewish schools in the Yishuv. He participated in the inaugural meeting in 1927 of Arthur Biram and David Yellin's "committee for Arabic studies in high schools". At the meeting, the committee agreed to compose an Arabic Reader textbook, edited by Billig and David Yellin's son Avinoam Yellin, an Arabic scholar and orientalist. Despite the outbreak of the 1929 Palestine riots, progress on the textbook continued, and Billig and Yellin published their textbook Mukhtarat al-Qira'a () in 1931, the first ever educational material designed for Hebrew-speaking students.
In the introduction, the editors expressed hope that the book would facilitate Arabic studies. Billig and Yellin included classic Arabic compositions, from the Pre-Islamic era through the modern period, that the editors hoped Jewish students would learn. The textbook was also published in Hebrew and English.
Death
On 22 August 1936, Billig was killed while sitting at his desk in the study of his home in the Jerusalem suburbs by an Arab who shot at Billig through the shutters. At the time of his death, he was working on Basa'ir ad-Darajat, and his corpse was found surrounded by Arabic manuscripts. Billig was one of three Jews killed by Arabs on 22 August, and one of 73 Jews killed since the beginning of the Arab revolt. Hebrew University closed on 23 August in mourning over Billig's murder. According to Yonatan Mendel of Ben-Gurion University, Billig's murder "shook the world of Jewish Orientalism in Palestine to its foundations". Shelomo Dov Goitein dedicated his Hebrew version of Genealogies of the Nobles by 9th century Muslim historian Al-Baladhuri, published in 1938, to Billig.
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75731215
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rally%20Hill%2C%20Arkansas
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Rally Hill, Arkansas
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Rally Hill is an unincorporated community in Boone County, Arkansas, United States.
State senator Ripley B. Weaver lived in Rally Hill.
It was home to Rally Springs Academy in the late 19th century.
Prairie Home Seminary was in Rally Hill.
In 1895 the Arkansas legislature passed a bill prohibiting the sale or giving away of "ancient spirits" within three miles of Rally Hill Academy, and the governor signed it. The bill was introduced by Senator Weaver. Senator Hudgins of Boone County moved the bill forward for its third reading, and the spirits were referred to as ardent. A vote was recorded on the bill.
During the Civil War the Skirmish at Rolling Prairie took place near the Rolling Hills Church. It is commemorated by a historical marker.
There are a Rally Hill Church and Rally Hill Road.
J. W. Blankenship edited the Rally Hill Journal of Education, a "school paper".
An 1890 history of Arkansas includes a map showing its location in southeast Boone County. Rally Hill is on an 1891 geologic map of the area around Yellville, Arkansas.
J. H. Jones served as postmaster in 1872. In 1894 the Geological Survey documented the height of its post office.
The North Arkansas Railroad passed by near it.
The Boone County Heritage Museum has a photo of Rally Hill Academy.
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75731677
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joaquim%20Murtinho
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Joaquim Murtinho
|
Joaquim Murtinho was born in a house on the Fazenda Bela Vista, a plantation. While now part of the dense urban fabric of Cuiabá, the house was built a few meters from the Cuiabá River. The river was the only source of transportation and an additional source of food and water. A renovation in 2006 revealed that the plantation house depended on fish from the Cuiabá River and game animals from the surrounding forest; it reveals that residents of the Cuiabá region were self-sufficient, even in 19th-century Brazil.
The plantation house of the Murtinho family is now known as Casa Dom Aquino; it is nicknamed "Predestination House" (Casa Predetinada) by historians for producing two of the most important figures in the modern history of Mato Grosso. Murtinho was born in the residence in 1848, and it was the birthplace of Dom Francisco de Aquino Correia (18851956), archbishop of Cuiabá. Both men were deeply influential in the political, economic, and cultural development of both Mato Grosso and Cuiabá. The house was listed as a state-level historic structure by the State Secretary for Culture, Sports and Leisure of Mato Grosso (Secretaria de Estado de Cultura, Esporte e Lazer de Mato Grosso) in 1984.
Education and medical career
Murtinho was educated at the Episcopal Seminary in Cuiabá, the first and only secondary school in Mato Grosso. He graduated in 1861 at age 13, left Cuiabá, and enrolled at Colégio Kopke in Petrópolis in 1861. He then studied at the Episcopal College of São Pedro de Alcântara and Colégio dos Padres Paiva in Rio de Janeiro.
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75732092
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COLOR%20Latina
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COLOR Latina
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COLOR Latina (Colorado Organization for Latina Opportunity and Reproductive Rights) is a reproductive justice organization in Colorado.
History
Flora Rodriguez Russel, Charlene Barrientos Ortiz and Melanie Herrera Bortz met in 1996 at an event from the National Latina Institute for Reproductive Health (NLIRH) and started the plans for what would become COLOR. Herrera Bortz worked at the Latin American Research and Service Organization, and Ortiz and Rodríguez Russel worked at the Denver Department of Public Health and Hospitals.
The NLIRH-Colorado Caucus received $5000 in seed money from NLIRH, and Herrera Bortz led the establishment of the state coalition. The group received financial sponsorship from Planned Parenthood of the Rocky Mountains, and a total of $12,000 from NLIRH.
In December 1999, the group separated from its fiscal sponsors and became the independent organization COLOR. The original three women and Maria Corral, Elicia Gonzalez, Jacinta Montoya Price, Gloria Sanchez and Martha Spano received a grant from the Latinas Unidas State Coalition Project for the National Institute for Reproductive Health, and was the first Latina-led and Latina-serving reproductive justice organization in Colorado. COLOR was incorporated and received nonprofit status in 2000.
The organization has received support from the Ford Foundation, The National Institute of Reproductive Health, and the Chinook Fund.
Philosophy
The organization has an all-Latina board of directors, and control remains in the hands of the people in the community.
The organization approaches advocacy with razalogía, "knowledge of and for the people." They value communal knowledge attainment and community healing.
| 1.929688
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75732427
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton%20Bank%20robbery
|
Northampton Bank robbery
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Starting in September, the group, including Leslie, travelled between Brooklyn and Northampton, to plan and watch the bank employees and deputy sheriff. They planned how they would escape, and where they would hide the money. They knew that the bank's night watchman leaves at 4 a.m. Leslie planned for the money to be hid in the Bridge Street Cemetery, which was just off the main thoroughfare of Northampton, and was close to the train station, which would be used as the getaway, and Bridge Street School; at some point, a base of operations was set up in the school's attic. It was decided to not use the roof to get inside the bank, as the third floor of the bank was the private residence of Judge Thomas Forbes. The gang decided to find a bank employee who might offer his involvement for a cut of the resulting money, so they spent several days observing Whittlesey. They found out "everything about him, his family, and their routines." His house was about two-thirds of a mile from the bank. They decided he could not be bribed, and found another way to use Whittlesey to their advantage. They found Whittlesey left work at 4 p.m., and then the night watchman, Deputy Sheriff Henry Potter stayed overnight. After learning this, Edson became involved.
| 1.984375
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75732788
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe%20Norris%20%28artist%29
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Joe Norris (artist)
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At first, he sold paintings to local people and to tourists, then was discovered by Chris Huntington, an American artist and art dealer, who purchased his work from 1975 until 1982. In 1976, his paintings were included in the Folk Art of Nova Scotia exhibition at the Art Gallery of Nova Scotia which travelled to the National Gallery of Canada in 1978. In 1978, the Dalhousie Art Gallery held the exhibition Joe Norris: Paintings and Furniture. In 1979, Norris's first solo show outside Nova Scotia took place at the Mira Godard Gallery in Toronto. In 1983, Norris was included in the exhibition by the National Museum of Man (today the Canadian Museum of History) titled From the Heart,
which toured Canada. In 2000, a major retrospective titled Joe Norris: Painted Visions of Nova Scotia accompanied by a book of the same name by Bernard Riordon was created by the Art Gallery of Nova Scotia was circulated to public galleries in Canada.
Selected public collections
Norris's paintings are in the permanent collections of the Art Gallery of Nova Scotia and the Canadian Museum of History.
| 2.25
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75732998
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loekoesia
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Loekoesia
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Loekoesia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains three species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens. Collectively, the genus occurs in South Korea, Mauritius, and the United States. The genus is distinguished by its grey, crust-like thallus, which can be either whole or divided into patch-like segments. Loekoesia lichens have bright white, rounded soralia, which produce bluish to whitish powdery propagules (soredia) and are arranged in irregular groups on the thallus.
Taxonomy
Loekoesia was circumscribed as a new genus in 2015 by the lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, Soon-Ok Oh, and Jae-Seoun Hur. The type species, Loekoesia austrocoreana, was shown with molecular phylogenetics to form a clade with Jasonhuria, another genus in the subfamily Caloplacoideae that was also circumscribed in the same publication. It was initially the sole species in the then monotypic genus, but two additional species were transferred from other genera (Caloplaca and Lecanora) in 2020. The genus name honours the Hungarian lichenologist László Sándor Lőkös for his contributions to the body of knowledge about lichens in North and South Korea.
Description
Genus Loekoesia has lichens with a crustose thallus, which can be either whole (i.e., undivided, or ) or broken into (patch-like) segments. This thallus is typically grey in colour. Characteristic of this genus are its soralia (regions of the thallus where powdery soredia are produced), which are rounded, stipitate (having a stalk-like base), and clustered on the thallus in irregular groups. These soralia are bright white, with a soredious mass that appears bluish to whitish and has a powdery texture. The of these lichens is bluish-black.
| 2.203125
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75733224
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monument%20to%20the%20Reconciliation
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Monument to the Reconciliation
|
The Monument to the Reconciliation () was a monument which existed in El Salvador from 2017 until its demolition in 2024. The monument, which was designed by sculptor Napoleón Alberto Escoto, commemorated the 25th anniversary of the signing of the Chapultepec Peace Accords which ended the Salvadoran Civil War. It was inaugurated by President Salvador Sánchez Cerén in January 2017 and was demolished by the Ministry of Public Works in January 2024.
Description
The Monument to the Reconciliation was located at the intersection of the Monseñor Óscar Arnulfo Romero Boulevard and Jerusalén Boulevard in San Salvador. It was designed by Salvadoran sculptor Napoleón Alberto Escoto and was constructed by the Inclusive Cities Directorate using thousands of keys donated to the directorate by Salvadoran citizens. Volunteers from the University of El Salvador helped build the monument.
The monument consisted of three bronze statues, two which were tall and one was tall. The two 6-meter tall statues depicted one guerrilla fighter and one soldier; both statues had their arms interlocked and were holding out their hands which were setting free a group of pigeons made out of aluminum. The 12-meter tall statue, nicknamed "La Mater Civis", depicted a nude woman, representing the Salvadoran citizens, holding out her arms with a ring on one finger representing peace.
A path led visitors to the monument, and the path's length represented a long and difficult path to peace. The Jaguar's Footprints Sculpture-Mural was located near the monument; it depicted El Salvador's indigenous culture, the Spanish conquest of El Salvador by Pedro de Alvarado, the "First Cry of Independence" of 1811, the presidencies of notable Salvadoran generals, various Salvadoran authors, and the then-beatified Archbishop Óscar Romero.
History
Inauguration
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75733801
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%81ra%20%28astronomy%29
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Vāra (astronomy)
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Assume that the classical ancient planets be revolving round the earth. The planets are arranged in the order from slowest to fastest moving as they appear in the night sky, or equivalently, in the order from furthest to nearest to earth. The planets in this order are Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Sun, Venus, Mercury and Moon. It is further assumed that a day is divided into 24 equal parts or hora-s. The planets are assigned to the 24 hora-s in the same order as indicated earlier one by one cyclically. On a given day, the cycle of planets will be repeated three times. The planet assigned to the first hora on a given day would be the planet immediately following the planet that was assigned to the 24th hora of the previous day. The name of the week-day on a given day will be the name associated with the planet associated with the first hora of the day. Thus, if the planet associated with the first hora of a day is Sun, the planet associated with the next day would be Moon, the planet associated with the third day would be Mars, and so on. The order of the weekdays thus becomes Sun, Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, Saturn.
This rationale is reflected in one of the literal meanings of the Sanskrit word vāsara (another term for vāra) which is "relating to or appearing in the morning".
The concept of vāra in India
| 2.6875
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75733801
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%81ra%20%28astronomy%29
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Vāra (astronomy)
|
The rationale behind the naming of the days of a week is certainly not of Indian origin. Also the concept of a seven-day week as a unit of time is not of Indian origin. The system of dividing a day into 24 hora-s is there in India only in the astrological literature. Works on astronomy like Surya-Siddhānta and Āryabhaṭīya do not mention hora as unit of time. In such works, the common practice is to divide day into 60 ghaṭi-s and each ghaṭi into 60 vighaṭi-s. Moreover, no work of the Vedic and the Vedāṅga period mentions it. Further, the word hora is not even of Sanskrit origin. Chaldeans had this unit in use since a long time and they did have a week of seven-days. Vāra-s were known to Chaldeans long before 3800 BCE. It is probably the case that the ancient Indian astronomers and astrologers borrowed the concept of vāra or week from the Chaldeans.
The Atharva Veda contains references to vāra. From evidences obtained from Atharva Jyotiṣa and Yājñavalkya Smṛti, it has been determined that the vāra-s began to be used in a period much earlier than the period when the 12 zodiacal signs began to be used. Thus, in the Indian subcontinent, the use of vara-s predates the use of the rāśi-s. The days of the week may have been introduced in India at about 1000 BCE and they are not more modern than 500 BCE.
The names of the vāra-s
The names of the vāra-s in all of the 22 languages recognized by the Constitution of India are given in the following table. For a longer list, see: Week-days in languages of the Indian subcontinent.
| 2.484375
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75733818
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thornhedge
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Thornhedge
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According to the author from the book review in the blog Plain-Spoken Pen (2023), in Thornhedge, the theme of evil and good is reversed; the princess Fayette represents evil and the fairy Toadling represents good. Moreover, in the review the author states that, "Toadling was supposed to be the princess, but she was stolen by the fae and a changeling was left in her place. She was raised by the greenteeth, trained in the ways of their magic". From this it can be interpreted that the princess and fairy roles in this novella merge, as Toadling is the true princess, and then changes into a fairy when she enters the fairy realm.
Friendship and Family
Thornhedge, unlike other tales of Sleeping Beauty,emphasizes the theme of friendship and familial bonds. Toadling's relationship with the greenteeth is similar to that of mothers and daughters, and she cared for them dearly and vice-versa. "Surrounded by child-eating swamp spirits, Toadling felt intensely loved " (Kingfisher, 2023). However, Toadling wasn't able to find the same love form her real parents, The King and The Queen. Additionally, Toadling had other friends from the swamp, the Kelpies.
Halim and Toadling's relationship is similar to that of platonic friends.Their interactions are polite and respectful and both understand each other's perspectives or views. According to the review in Publisher's Weekly, Halim doesn't judge Toadling after she narrates her story to him, and helps her defeat Fayette. Moreover, Halim isn't disgusted by Toadling's toad form and befriends her. This aspect isn't present in the other versions of Sleeping Beauty, such as Little Briar Rose, or Sleeping Beauty in the Wood.
| 2.046875
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75734334
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deng%20Nan-guang
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Deng Nan-guang
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Deng Nan-guang (Chinese:鄧南光, December 5, 1907 – June 16, 1971), born Deng Teng-hui (鄧騰輝), was a Taiwanese photographer and a key figure in the early development of photography in Taiwan. From the Hakka community in Beipu, Hsinchu, he was born into the prominent Chiang (姜) family (also called XinChiang, 新姜). Deng is recognized as one of the pioneers of photography in Taiwan, and is often referred to as one of the "Three Musketeers of Photography," (攝影三劍客) alongside Zhang Tsai (張才) and Lee Ming-diao (李鳴雕).
Life
Photographer Zhang Zhao-tang (張照堂) described Deng Nan-guang's works as "full of romance and loneliness," with a simple yet impactful lens that directly touches the heart. Deng's photographic career is divided into three stages according to Zhang: the first being the pre-war scenes during his time in Japan, the second featuring images capturing the essence of Taiwan, and the least focusing on portraits and female character studies. Among these, his collection depicting the unique features of Taiwan stands out as particularly numerous.
Early years
Born into the Chiang family in Beipu, Deng went to Japan for high school and university education at the age of 17. The influence of his uncle, Chiang Ruichang (姜瑞昌), who shared a passion for photography, likely contributed to Deng Nan-guang's love for the craft. While studying economics at Hosei University (法政大学), he joined a photography club, sparking his enduring interest in photography. His first camera was a Kodak Autographic Camera, a luxury item during that era, but his family's support, including the sale of jewelry by his mother Deng Wushunmei (鄧吳順妹), made it possible for him to indulge in his passion. Deng Nan-guang would carry the hefty camera to school every day, capturing moments and scenes around him.
| 2.390625
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75734334
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deng%20Nan-guang
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Deng Nan-guang
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In his "Nostalgia, Memory, Deng Nanguang," Zhang Zhaotang wrote that while managing the store, Deng Nanguang contemplated on how to find photographic subjects, how to implement realistic photography in Taiwan, and the means to becoming a recognized photographer. He chose to address these doubts through his actions.
As Deng's son noted, from 1935 to 1944, Deng reached the peak of his photographic career, capturing nearly six thousand negatives during his travels across Taiwan. The subjects include scenes from Taipei and Hsinchu streets, street vendors, the Beipu deity-welcoming parade, Hakka women doing laundry, tea leaf picking, lumberjacks cutting trees, charcoal burning, shepherds tending to their flocks, and prominent figures like Wu Hongqi (吳鴻麒) of Zhongli. Around 1938, Deng Nanguang developed an interest in 8mm films, shooting dozens of rolls, and he was recognized by the Japanese authorities as a registered photographer for the Taiwan Governor-General's Office. He also used an 8mm camera to film two dynamic works, "Fishing Trip" and "Zoo," featuring his children, which received awards. Both films were honored with the 8mm Film Award by the Japanese. Later, as World War II escalated, he closed the Taipei store and returned to his ancestral home in Beipu.
Zhang Zhaotang believed this period marked the pinnacle of Deng Nanguang's creative output. Using the camera as his pen, Deng created a visual diary, leaving behind many precious witnesses to the era in Taiwan.
| 2.625
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77352059
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whakapapa%20Village
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Whakapapa Village
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Whakapapa Village is a small village in the Ruapehu District of New Zealand, which serves as the main entrance to Tongariro National Park.
Geography
The village is located on the western slopes of Mount Ruapehu, in the Whakapapanui Stream valley. Much of the area is surrounded by a Nothofagus cliffortioides-dominated beech forest, with areas of tussock grassland. The village is accessible by State Highway 48, one of the shortest state highways in New Zealand, which branches from State Highway 47.
Climate
Whakapapa Village has mild summers with max summer temperatures around 20, and very cold winters for NZ standards with snow falling on some days, with an elevation just shy of 1200 meters. The average daytime high in July is 6 degrees, compared to the 17 in February. Severe frosts occur frequently in the winter months. Whakapapa Village receives an average of of rain per year.
History
In 1887 the paramount chief of Ngāti Tūwharetoa, Te Heuheu Tūkino IV, permitted use of the tribe's land including the sacred mountain peaks of Ruapehu, Ngauruhoe and Tongariro – to the people of New Zealand. The agreement was to ensure the area's protection for all time, for all people.
| 2.140625
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77352620
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobt%20froh%20den%20Herrn
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Lobt froh den Herrn
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"" (Praise the Lord gladly) is a hymng of praise with a 1795 text by and a melody by Hans Georg Nägeli, composed in 1815. The Lutheran hymn is still popular and appears shortened in hymnals including the Protestant Evangelisches Gesangbuch and the Catholic Gotteslob, and in songbooks.
History
Gessner wrote the text of in 1795 in 16 stanzas of six lines each. Hans Georg Nägeli composed a melody to fit in 1815. It is part of the Protestant Evangelisches Gesangbuch (1995) as EG 332, and the Catholic Gotteslob (2013), as GL 396, stanzas 1, 12, 13 and 16, and in many other hymnals and songbook including those for children and youth.
Text and music
The poem of is in 16 stanzas of six short lines each.
The repeated line "Lobt froh den Herrn" has the same function as the biblical Hallelujah: both a call to praise, and the praise. In modern versions, this line serves as a refrain concluding repeated all stanzas but the last one.
It was translated into English as "O praise the Lord! with happy children's voices" by Caroline Hanser.
Johann Crüger's melody in B-flat major in a triple metre with dotted notes responds to the positive mood of the text.
| 2.25
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77352837
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mawqaq
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Mawqaq
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Geography
The city of Mawqaq is situated within a vast valley that extends from north to south. It represents an extension of Wadi Al-Rasfin, Wadi Al-Bayyat, and Wadi Al-Rutiq, which originate from Mount Aja. Mawqaq is encircled by the Nafud, which extends to Al-Jawf to the north. To the east are Mount Jargh and Mount Aja; to the south is Mount Aja; and to the west are the flat western plains, which include a number of mountains and small plateaus. The city's geographical location is a defining feature, situated at an altitude of 1,200 meters above sea level. In close proximity is the summit of Mount Qadran (Samra), which reaches an altitude of 6,000 feet above sea level. Additionally, the city is traversed by the international road connecting Ha'il, Al-Ula, and Tabuk.
Topography
One of the most significant geographical features of Mawqaq is the presence of the Aja mountain range, which forms a natural border to the city from the east and south. To the east of this range lies the city of Hail, separated from Mawqaq by the presence of this mountainous chain, which spans over 30 kilometres in width and over 100 kilometres in length.
| 2.9375
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77353125
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byten%20Ghetto
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Byten Ghetto
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Byten Ghetto (summer 1941 – December 25, 1942) was a Jewish ghetto and a place of forced resettlement of Jews from the town of Byten in the Ivatsevichy district of the Brest region and nearby settlements during the persecution and extermination of Jews by Nazi Germany during World War II.
Occupation of Byten and the Creation of the Ghetto
Before the war, 739 Jews lived in the town of Byten, along with about 200 Jewish refugees from Poland. The German occupation lasted more than three years, from June 26, 1941, to July 9 (or 10), 1944. Following the occupation, the Germans, implementing the Nazi program of exterminating Jews, organized a ghetto in the town and established a Judenrat of six people, headed by dentist Arbuz.
Destruction of the ghetto
The Germans took the possibility of Jewish resistance very seriously and primarily killed Jewish men aged 15 to 50 in the ghetto or even before its creation, despite the economic impracticality, as these were the most able-bodied prisoners. For this reason, "actions" (used by the Nazis to refer to the mass murders they organized) against Jews in Byten occurred repeatedly until the complete destruction of the ghetto. On December 25, 1942, the Nazis and collaborators destroyed the Byten ghetto. Jews were brought by trucks to the outskirts of the town to an old trench 100 meters long, forced to undress and lie face down at the bottom, and then shot from above with machine guns and submachine guns. The next victims were forced to lie on top of the dead. The pit was covered with a layer of earth 0.5 meters thick and surrounded with barbed wire. A total of 2,000 to 3,000 Jews from the town itself and nearby villages were killed in Byten.
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77353221
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamchatka%20Governorate
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Kamchatka Governorate
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Kamchatka Governorate () was an administrative-territorial unit of the RSFSR, which existed in 1922-1926. The center is the city of Petropavlovsk Port (since 1924 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky).
The province was formed on November 10, 1922, from the former Kamchatka region.
It was divided into 6 districts: Anadyrsky, Chukotsky, Gizhiginsky, Okhotsky, Commander and Petropavlovsk.
History
In the mid-1920s, administrative-territorial reform began to be carried out in the USSR. All counties and volosts were replaced by districts.
The Kamchatka Gubernia Committee began preparatory work on the zoning of the Kamchatka province in the second half of 1925, as preparations were already underway for administrative-territorial transformations in the Far East. On October 7, 1925, at a meeting of the Kamchatka Provincial Revkom, a project for zoning the Kamchatka province was considered. The territories of the 14 former volosts that had formed by that time in the Kamchatka Okrug were taken as the basis for the new administrative-territorial formations. They were only in the former Petropavlovsk district - 9 volosts.
On January 4, 1926, the province was liquidated and transformed into Kamchatka Okrug. Its territory became part of the Far Eastern Territory.
| 1.992188
| 0
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77353485
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriomeris%20affinis
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Coriomeris affinis
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Coriomeris affinis is a species of bug in the genus Coriomeris.
Distribution
When the species was originally described it was found in Portugal. Recent observations show a distribution that spans the countries around the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea.
Taxonomy
The species was originally described by its basionym Coreus affinis by Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer but has since then been classified under the genus Coriomeris. The original description notes that the species has a purplish cinnamon-colored appearance, with the third and fourth segments of the antennae being of equal length. The fifth segment is almost thicker. The sides of the shield have multiple small teeth, while the back has two white teeth. Since its original description, the species has been reclassified and described leading to many taxonomic synonyms:
Coreus affinis var. spinolae (A.Costa, 1843)
Coreus spinolae
Coriomeris aegyptius Schmidt, 1939
Coriomeris fraudatrix Reuter, 1900
Coriomeris planicornis Lindberg, 1923
Coriomeris spinolae (A.Costa, 1843)
Coriomeris spinolae var. fraudatrix Reuter, 1900
Dasycoris affinis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1839)
Dasycoris spinolae
Merocoris spinolae Costa, 1843
Similar species
This species is very similar to C. pilicornis, but is slightly larger. The last segment of the antenna is as long as the penultimate segment and somewhat thicker. The color of Coriomeris affinis is much more vivid, cinnamon-red, with a lighter, yellowish underside and four front legs.
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77353745
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narayan%20Dinanath%20Velkar
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Narayan Dinanath Velkar
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Raobahadur Narayan Dinanath Velkar (also known as N. D. Velkar) (1798–1870) was a 19th-century social reformer and civic leader from Bombay. He is known for his contributions to the city's intellectual and civic life and he was instrumental in establishing key institutions such as the Central Library at Town Hall and the Framji Cowasjee Institute. As one of the owners of the Bombay Times, which later became The Times of India. He was the first Indian Municipal Commissioner for Bombay's welfare in 1840.
Early life
He belonged to the first graduating class of the Elphinstone Institution, a prestigious educational institution established by the British. His contemporaries included notable figures such as Bhau Daji Lad, Dadabhoy Naoroji, Nowroj Fardoonji, Nana Moroji Trilokekar, Dadoba Pandurang Turkhud and Ramchandra Balkrishna Jayakar. He hailed from the Pathare Prabhu community.
Work
In 1840, Velkar became the chief translator and interpreter at the Bombay High Court. He participated in the city's social and intellectual life, founding several influential societies and institutions. Velkar was instrumental in founding the Central Library at Town Hall, which later became the Asiatic Library, and the Framji Cowasjee Institute at Dhobitalao. He also established the Dnyanprasarak Mandali and led its Marathi wing. He founded the Students Literary Society and the Scientific Society, which operated the Kamalabai School in Girgaon.
Velkar was one of the four original proprietors of the Bombay Times, which eventually evolved into The Times of India. His involvement in journalism impacted public opinion and the dissemination of information in Bombay.
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77353957
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/About%20the%20astonishing%20husband%20Horu%20%28Ukrainian%20folktale%29
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About the astonishing husband Horu (Ukrainian folktale)
|
In a Ukrainian tale collected by Ukrainian folklorist with the title "Чоловік-невидимка" ("Unseen Husband" or "Invisible Husband"), a peasant man goes to the woods to fetch wood, but loses the trail and wanders off, so he stops to rest. In his sleep, he has a dream where a voice says the man's wife will give birth to a girl, and when she is seventeen years old, a golden-maned horse in a diamond saddle will come to take the girl to the voice as its bride. The man wakes up and returns home, and indeed a girl was born to his wife. The girl, named Maryka, grows up in the village until she is seventeen, when the horse in the diamond saddle appears, to fetch her to its master, just as the voice predicted. Maryka mounts on the horse and flies away to a beautiful palace beyond the mountains. She spends her days alone, but someone comes at night to her. They live like this for months, until one day she says she wishes to visit her family. The voice allows it, but warns her not to bring anything with her on the way back, since the horse will sense she is heavy and drop her off. Maryka visits her mother and grandmother and tells them about the unseen person at night, and they give her candles and matches. Maryka returns to the palace, despite the horse sensing her heaviness, and she goes to sleep with the voice. At night, on her bed, she lights the candles and sees a handsome youth beside her. The youth wakes up with a startle and admonishes her, saying Maryka will only find him again after she wears down an iron staff, iron shoes and an iron hoop around her belly. Suddenly, the girl finds herself outside the palace, and begins her long journey to find him again. During her quest, she meets in the middle of a wide field Pyanitsa (Friday), who gives her a golden spinning wheel; then in a yellow desert Saturday, who gives her a golden self-moving loom, and lastly Sunday in the middle of a forest, who gives her a golden hen with chicks. Sunday also advises Maryka to follow the hen wherever it leads
| 2.109375
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77353957
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/About%20the%20astonishing%20husband%20Horu%20%28Ukrainian%20folktale%29
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About the astonishing husband Horu (Ukrainian folktale)
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In a Ukrainian tale collected by ethnographer Volodymyr Hnatiuk from teller Mitra Palanchani with the title "Чоловік-вуж" ("The Snake-Man"), a husband and wife live together and pray to God to have a son. One day, when the woman is sweeping the house, a little reptile ("га́дзік", in the original) appears in the room and the woman tries to shoo it away, but the reptile calls her mother and asks to be welcomed. The reptile son grows up and wants to play with the other children, but they flee from him. He also goes to school and studies for three years. Later, he asks for a wife, and sets his sights on the tsar's daughter. He rides a rooster towards the tsar's palace and makes his proposal; the tsar asks his three daughters which one agrees to marry the reptile, and the youngest accepts. The youngest princess marries the reptile and, on the wedding night, discovers he becomes a handsome golden-haired youth when he removes the reptilian skin. He warns her to keep it a secret. Some time later, she visits her parents and tells them how her husband is handsome, and her mother advises her to burn the animal skin that night. That same night, the princess takes the skin and tries to toss it into a burning oven. However, her husband, in human form, stops her and curses her not to give birth to their child unless he places his hand on her belly. He takes his skin and departs to another land, where he takes shelter with another woman. Back to the princess, she cries for her lost husband, then asks the people where she can find a blacksmith from whom she can commission an iron hoop for her belly, since her unborn son is growing inside her belly and cannot be delivered yet. She keeps journeying for another year until she finds another blacksmith, where she commissions another iron hoop for her belly, and asks if he saw a golden-haired man (her husband). Still not finding him, she passes by a third blacksmith and asks for another hoop
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77353957
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/About%20the%20astonishing%20husband%20Horu%20%28Ukrainian%20folktale%29
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About the astonishing husband Horu (Ukrainian folktale)
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In a Transcarpathian Ukrainian tale titled "Заклітий Василь і царівна Юліна" ("Cursed Vasil and princess Yulina"), an old woman is washing her clothes in the river when a snake crawls towards her. She feels frightened at first, but the snake assuages her fears and asks her to adopt him. She takes the snake with him and they live like mother and son. Ten years later, the snake asks his mother to go to the king and ask for the princess's hand in marriage. The old woman goes to the king, who accepts the marriage proposal, but in turn she snake has to build a diamond bridge connecting the castle to the old woman's hut, pine trees alongside the road and a nest on each tree, so that the king is awakened by the cuckoo's cry. The old woman reports back to the snake, who fulfills the task overnight. The next morning, the king, seeing that the snake fulfilled his order and it is crawling on the road to his castle, tells his daughter, princess Yulina, to go with the animal. The snake guides Yulina through valleys and mountains until they reach an open field. Yulina lies down on the grass and, when she wakes up, she finds herself in a large court. She lives in this court with the snake inside a barrel, until one evening, a golden-haired youth appears to her. The youth explains he is Vasil, who was cursed by his mother to be a snake for the past ten years, and now, the time of the curse is almost over, and shows her the snakeskin. Some time later, Yulina tells Vasil she wants to visit her family; the snake gives her a magical chair that can transport her back, and advises her not to listen to her mother. Yulina goes back home; she tells her mother, the queen, about Vasil and his snakeskin, and she advises her to take it and burn it, but the king warns her against it. At any rate, Yulina returns to the snake's court and burns the snakeskin. Vasil sees her deed and can only lament, and tells her she will have to hurt her feet if she wants to look for him
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77355351
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caritas%20Sweden
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Caritas Sweden
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Caritas Sweden () is a Catholic aid organisation from Sweden. It is part of the European network of Caritas organisations Caritas Europa, as well of the global confederation Caritas Internationalis.
History and work
The beginning
After World War II, Caritas Sweden was founded in 1946 by Bishop . Sweden had been spared from destruction and many refugees arrived in the country. Caritas sent aid abroad, mainly to Germany, but also to France, Hungary, Poland and Austria. In 1946 alone, Caritas Sweden sent 350,000 kilos of goods to Germany. Many refugees also arrived in Sweden. In 1950, Caritas Sweden opened a counselling office in Stockholm for the many refugees who sought help from the Catholic Church. At the same time, its international aid efforts were directed to Eastern Europe, where Stalin's hardening religious policy created great difficulties for the Catholics behind the Iron Curtain.
Development as aid agency and downfall
In 1987, Caritas Sweden was established under its current modern form and became a full member of the global Caritas confederation, Caritas Internationalis, as well as part of its regional cooperation organization Caritas Europa.
It developed into an aid organisation that supported countries in the global South through various development projects. The objective of the organisation was to contribute to a more just world where poor and marginalised people are empowered. Caritas Sweden established a cooperation with the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) and the (), quickly growing as a development actor. Over time, the international aid work became more specialised, focussing on HIV/AIDS, human rights, and democracy issues, with a particular emphasis on the situation of women. By the early 2000s, Caritas Sweden was supporting partners with projects in more than 50 countries and with a budget of around 100 million SEK per year. This rapid growth brought challenges, and the staff were unable to fulfil the tasks assigned to them.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian%20schools%20in%20Voronezh
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Lithuanian schools in Voronezh
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The first and largest Lithuanian school in Voronezh was the boy's gymnasium named after Martynas Yčas. It officially opened on 10 September 1915 with about 500 students. In early 1916, it had 498 students: 409 Catholics, 62 Jews, 18 Eastern Orthodoxs, and 9 Protestants. The school employed prominent Lithuanians as teachers: linguists Jonas Jablonskis and Juozas Balčikonis taught Lithuanian and Latin, taught physics, and taught math, Antanas Tumėnas taught law, etc. The classes were taught in Russian, except for religion and the Lithuanian language.
The girls' gymnasium opened in November 1915 with 96 students. Pranas Mašiotas became the principal of both schools. Sofija Kymantaitė-Čiurlionienė taught language and literature to the girls. In 1916, more courses and schools were established, including preparatory courses (93 students), pedagogical courses (31 students), and bookkeeping courses (29 students). More courses were established in 1917, culminating with the People's University (a folk high school) in September 1917.
Students lived in dormitories (there were a total of three dormitories for girls and seven dormitories for boys). In February 1916, the dormitories housed 873 students. There was also a shelter that housed 36 boys and 60 girls. To further support the students and other refugees, the Lithuanian Society also opened sewing workshops, laundry, soup kitchen.
Student societies
Students organized their own societies, most prominent of which were the Catholic Ateitis and the socialist Aušrininkai. Initially, they operated in secret, but became official organizations in summer 1917 and organized publication of their periodicals Ateities spinduliai and Aušrinė.
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77355899
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julie%20Wheelwright
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Julie Wheelwright
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Wheelwright wrote an article on infanticide for The Guardian in 1995, after Caroline Beale was arrested at John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City on her return trip from a vacation heading to England with her deceased infant. Over the next three years, Wheelwright began researching the topic for a BBC documentary and interviewed several mothers who had killed their children, publishing numerous articles on child murder. The documentary, QED: Deadly Secrets, produced by Clare Richards, aired on BBC One on 5 August 1998. Wheelwright continued to investigate the topic, publishing a chapter on contemporary cases of infanticide in the 2002 book Infanticide: Historical Perspectives on Child Murder and Concealment, 1550 – 2000 , edited by Mark Jackson. Her chapter analysed differences such as poverty and exploitation by men, which were reported historically, but were no longer relevant to the crime. The public reaction to mothers who kill had remained unchanged; they were either considered mad, garnering sympathy, or bad and condemned. She estimated that abandonment or murder occurs at a rate of about twenty cases annually in modern England and Wales.
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77356063
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuadorian%20literature
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Ecuadorian literature
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In the essay genre, Juan Montalvo (1832–1889), is its greatest Ecuadorian representative. His works include Las Catilinarias, Siete tratados, and the novel Capítulos que se le olvidaron a Cervantes. He was a harsh critic of Gabriel García Moreno and dictator Ignacio de Veintemilla. In fact, Montalvo himself helped in removing them from power through his essays, in which he called on the people to rise and topple the dictatorship. This is what one of his famous phrases—Mi pluma lo mató — refers to, regarding García Moreno. He gave Veintemilla the nickname Ignacio de la Cuchilla or Ignacio Cuchilla.
20th century
Generación decapitada
The modernismo literary movement arrived in Ecuador fairly late when compared to other countries. This was due to the constant civil wars the country was going through because of hostilities between conservatives and liberals. However, the representatives of modernismo in Ecuador reached a very high level of prestige throughout the Americas. Even today, they are still included in world poetry anthologies. All of them read Baudelaire, Hugo, Rimbaud, and Verlaine in the original French, and their poetry is full of allusions to death and mysticism.
The four members of modernismo in Ecuador were Medardo Ángel Silva (1898–1919) and Ernesto Noboa y Caamaño (1891–1927), from Guayaquil; and Arturo Borja (1892–1912) and Humberto Fierro (1890–1929) from Quito. These were later referred to as the Generación decapitada, mainly because two of them—Silva and Borja—committed suicide at a young age, while Noboa and Fierro died later in life under unclear circumstances, also believed to have committed suicide. They were also grouped together because of the commonalities found in their poems.
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77356382
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S1/S2%20%28Amsterdam%20Metro%29
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S1/S2 (Amsterdam Metro)
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S1 and S2 units, collectively called S1/S2, were electric multiple unit trains used on the Amsterdam Metro in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Built by La Brugeoise et Nivelles (BN), 13 of these units were ordered by the GVB in 1988 (S1), as well as an additional 12 later in 1991 (S2), for a new line from Amsterdam Centraal station to the suburb of Amstelveen. This line, named the Amstelveen Line and later numbered as 51, was initially expected to be a full metro line, but it was later changed to a tram-metro hybrid named sneltram (express tram) due to protests against the metro in the preceding decades. From Amsterdam Centraal to Amsterdam Zuid, Line 51 ran as a regular metro on 750 V DC with third rail pick up, used on the regular metro network. At Zuid, the trains converted to 600 V DC via overhead lines, used by the city's tram network, and served Amstelveen as a faster tram service. On the latter part of the route, the line shared tracks and stops with a regular tram line and ran on public roads with crossings.
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77356448
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piotr%20Szembek%20Square
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Piotr Szembek Square
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Piotr Szembek Square (Polish: Plac Piotra Szembeka) is an urban square in Warsaw, Poland. It is located in the district of Praga-South, between Grochowska, Kordeckiego, Zaliwskiego, Zamienieckiej, Sztuki, and Chłopickiego Streets. The square was constructed in 1919.
History
The square was constructed in 1919, and named after Piotr Szembek, a 19th-century military officer, and general in the Polish insurgent army during the November Uprising.
Between 1934 and 1946, next to the square, at 3 and 5 Chłopickiego Street, the Catholic Church of the Immaculate Heart of Mary was constructed. It was erected as a memorial to the Battle of Olszynka Grochowska from 1831.
During the interwar period, the Szembek Market began operating near the square. It stayed open under the German occupation in the Second World War. It was reactivated in 1944, as the first market opened in the city after the war. In 2016, most of the market was replaced by the Centrum Szembeka shopping centre.
The square was renovated and remodelled between 2011 and 2012.
Characteristics
The square is located in the district of Praga-South, between Grochowska, Kordeckiego, Zaliwskiego, Zamienieckiej, Sztuki, and Chłopickiego Streets.
Next to the square, at 3 and 5 Chłopickiego Street, is the Church of the Immaculate Heart of Mary. To the south of the square, between Gdecka, Komorska, and Zamieniecka Streets, is the Szembek Market. Nearby, at 90 Zamieniecka Street, is the Centrum Szembeka shopping centre.
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77356586
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problems%20and%20Theorems%20in%20Analysis
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Problems and Theorems in Analysis
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Substantial additions were made in the English translation (published in 1972 and 1976), including new sections and back-references to Pólya's other works on problem solving.
Reception
Richard Askey and Paul Nevai wrote of the book that, "there is a general consensus among mathematicians that the two-volume Pólya-Szegő is the best written and most useful problem book in the history of mathematics." The book has had its admirers. Various eminent mathematicians (Bernays, Courant, Fejér, E. Landau, F. Riesz, Toeplitz) had read over the galley proofs while the work was in press and its early reviewers (F. Riesz again, Knopp, Tamarkin) were not much less impressive, all effusive in their praise. The careful pedagogy meant that graduate students were able to learn analysis from Problems and Theorems alone. Paul Erdős once approached a young mathematician with a problem taken from volume II and announced "I will give $10 to China if you can solve this problem in ten minutes".
A Russian translation was published in 1937–38. An English translation was published in 1972–76.
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77356603
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caloboletus%20marshii
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Caloboletus marshii
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Caloboletus marshii, commonly known as Ben's bitter bolete, is a species of mushroom in the family Boletaceae. It is not poisonous, but it is too bitter to eat. It turns blue when cut or bruised, and it grows under live oak.
Taxonomy
Caloboletus marshii was first unofficially described by David Arora as Boletus "marshii" in his book Mushrooms Demystified, which was first published in 1979 and later revised in 1986. In 2014, Jonathan L. Frank formally described the species as Caloboletus marshii.
Description
The cap of Caloboletus marshii is about 2-6 inches (6-15 cm) across, and the stipe is about 1-4 inches (3-10 cm) long and 0.7-4 inches (3-10 cm) wide. The pore surface and the flesh are yellow, and quickly turn blue when bruised or cut.
Similar species
Caloboletus marshii can be confused with the brown butter bolete, Butryiboletus persolidus. It can also be confused with the white king bolete, Boletus barrowsii, which doesn't bruise blue as much as Caloboletus marshii.
Habitat and ecology
Caloboletus marshii is a mycorrhizal fungus that grows under live oaks in California, Oregon, and Washington. It fruits in late summer and fall, often before the rains come. It is rarely found fruiting in November.
Edibility and discovery
Caloboletus marshii is inedible due to its extremely bitter taste. However, this didn't stop a man named Ben Marsh from repeatedly trying to make it edible. This brought the mushroom to David Arora's attention, and he named it after Ben Marsh.
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77356971
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel%20de%20Azevedo
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Emanuel de Azevedo
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Emanuel de Azevedo (Coimbra, December 25, 1713Piacenza, April 2, 1796), born Manuel de Azevedo, was a Portuguese fidalgo, Jesuit, writer and secretary of Pope Benedict XIV, whose works he edited. He was the author of various texts in Latin and Italian, including a biography of Saint Anthony of Padua that was widely disseminated in Italy at the end of the 18th century.
Family background
He was born in Coimbra, on Christmas Eve 1713, son of José de Azevedo Vieira (born in São João da Pesqueira, Paredes da Beira, baptized on September 18, 1674, and died in Paredes da Beira, April 21, 1752), by his wife D. Luisa da Costa Rebelo da Fonseca (born in Paredes da Beira, on November 6, 1686, and died on January 7, 1743).
José de Azevedo Vieira was a magistrate (desembargador), a knight of the Military Order of Christ, and the 20th lord of the Manor House of the Azevedo family, in Paredes da Beira (also known as Casa da Torre das Pedras). He was also captain-major of the Ordenanças of the same town, of which he would later become the 1st lord.
On his father's side, Manuel de Azevedo descended from the lords of São João de Rei – thus being related to the co-founder of the Society of Jesus, Father Simão Rodrigues de Azevedo, and to the 16th century Jesuit martyr, Blessed Inácio de Azevedo.
On his mother's side, he descended from the Costas, known as the "Costas of Alpedrinha", whose first prominent character emerged in the 15th century, in the person of the renowned Portuguese cardinal Dom Jorge da Costa.
Early life and education
His parents married on August 19, 1699, and he was the third of their seven children. As a child, he was educated by his paternal uncle, Sebastião Vieira da Silva, Prior of the church of Santa Justa in Coimbra, and he entered the novitiate of the Society of Jesus, in Coimbra, in 1728.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel%20de%20Azevedo
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Emanuel de Azevedo
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Lordship of Paredes da Beira
By a Royal Decree of April 8, 1750, signed by Joseph I, but still during the reign of João V (who was gravely ill), the Crown granted to the father of Manuel de Azevedo "all of the revenues that according to the Foral to the town of Paredes are paid to my Treasury, in order to be able to bind them perpetually as he sees fit, in satisfaction of all the services of the supplicant (...) and some other reasons that I am aware of, and by special grace and good reason".
At that time, the granting by the Portuguese crown of lordships in perpetuity and without restrictions concerning its rights of transmission – that is, no clause requiring that the succession be valid only for male heirs – was extremely rare. The decree from the crown did not specify the reasons behind such an extraordinary donation. It is speculated that the reason might have been due to the support provided by Manuel de Azevedo, due to his close personal relationship with the Pope, to King João V's desire to be awarded by the Holy See the title of Most Faithful Majesty—an objective that was only achieved on December 23, 1748, after long years of diplomatic démarches, which is only few months before the granting of the lordship of the town of Paredes to the father of Manuel de Azevedo.
Forced departure from Rome (mid-1750s)
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77357010
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural%20and%20artistic%20works%20of%20the%20Vittoriano
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Architectural and artistic works of the Vittoriano
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The allegories (i.e., abstract concepts expressed through concrete images) of the Vittoriano's artistic works represent, according to the canons of the Neoclassical style, mostly the virtues and sentiments, often rendered through personifications, that motivated the Italians in their struggles for national unity during the Risorgimento, understood as the period from the uprisings of 1820-1821 to the capture of Rome (1870), or, according to others, to victory in World War I. In the Vittoriano, statues of winged Victories, both in marble and bronze, stand out as symbols of the auspiciousness of the realization of Italian national unity.
There are also numerous artistic works that recall the history of ancient Rome. In fact, since its inauguration, the Vittoriano complex also celebrates the greatness and majesty of Rome, which is elected to the role of the legitimate capital of Italy. Various plant symbols are present, including the palm (recalling victory), oak (strength), laurel (victorious peace), myrtle (sacrifice) and olive (concord). All the works of art created for the Vittoriano engaged the major artists then active in Italy.
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77357010
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural%20and%20artistic%20works%20of%20the%20Vittoriano
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Architectural and artistic works of the Vittoriano
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From a stylistic point of view, the architecture and works of art that embellish the Vittoriano were conceived with the aim of creating a "national style," a model to be used later in other areas as well. This was, in fact, the need expressed by art critics in the first decades of unification, in which the nation was fine-tuning its identity also from an artistic point of view. This "national style," according to Camillo Boito, who was its theorist, could not be new in plan, but rather, in order to have a fully national character, it would have to connect to the Italian architecture of the past; the study of the classics, however, was to be considered a point of departure and not of arrival. This is what Sacconi wanted to achieve and felt obliged to.
In this regard, for the realization of the Vittoriano, Giuseppe Sacconi took his cue from neoclassical architecture, the heir of classical Greek and Roman architecture, on which Italic elements were grafted according to the spirit of Eclecticism. Sacconi also kept in mind the architectural style in vogue during the Second French Empire of Napoleon III (1852-1870), which was very common in the new buildings constructed in Paris at that time, leading to the complete transformation of the French capital; in fact, this style was the only one he appreciated among those contemporary to him, although he disagreed with its excessive ornamentation and sumptuousness. According to some authors, Sacconi was also inspired by the forms used, including in the colonial sphere, by several imperialist nations of the time such as the United Kingdom, France, the German Empire, and Belgium.
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77357060
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Battle%20of%20Alexandria%20%28painting%29
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The Battle of Alexandria (painting)
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The Battle of Alexandria is an oil on canvas history painting by the French-born British artist Philip James de Loutherbourg, from 1802. It is held at the Scottish National Gallery, in Edinburgh.
History and description
The artist was well known for his scenes of naval and land battles. He set this work around the Battle of Alexandria in March 1801, when a British army allied to the Ottoman Empire successfully defeated French forces who had launched an Invasion of Egypt under Napoleon Bonaparte three years earlier.
Reminiscent of the battle scenes popularised by Benjamin West's Death of General Wolfe thirty years earlier, the painting focuses on the British high command while the battle rages in the background. The British commander Ralph Abercromby, an experienced Scottish general, has been fatally wounded and is shown slumped back. Gathered around him are various other senior officers including his successor the Irish general John Hely-Hutchinson as well as Robert Anstruther, John Moore, John Abercromby, Lord Ludlow, Eyre Coote and the naval officer Sir Sidney Smith. Hely-Hutchinson succeeded him as commander and oversaw the successful Siege of Cairo that ended with a complete French surrender in Egypt.
It is now in the collection of the National Galleries of Scotland, having been purchased in 1986. Another artist Charles Orme also notably depicted the battle.
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77357127
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20Metcalfe
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Samuel Metcalfe
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In 1979, as one of the two representatives from Labrador at the Interpreter’s Word Conference, Metcalfe was elected chairman of the standing committee. The following year, the standing committee was replaced by an unofficial body, the Inuit Interpreters and Translators Association of Canada (IITAC). Metcalfe was selected as Vice-President of IITTAC.
Speaking at the 1983 Convention of the Association of Translators and Interpreters of Ontario (ATIO), Metcalfe, then Senior Communicator from the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs, said that the Inuit interpreters' challenge will be to help bridge the communication gap given that some 25,000 Inuit speak 20 different dialects and use two different writing systems. In every Inuit village there are five language groups, ranging from the very old who are unilingual Inuit, through the various generations to the children, who are unilingual English. He ended by “you thought bilingualism was complex!".
In 1988, Metcalfe attended the 6th Inuit Studies Conference at Copenhagen, Denmark, where he chaired a workshop on Inuit Literature. He therefore contributed in a conference which had significant implications for the study of Inuit and Yupik languages/dialects and for establishing contact with the speakers of these languages in the Russian Arctic. Indeed, the 1988 Inuit Studies Conference was the first one attended by Russian Eskimologists namely Chukchi author Yuri Rytkheu.
Along with Nat Igloliorte, Metcalfe translated the National Film Board documentary The Last Days of Okak from English to Inuttitut and he recorded the Inuttitut narration at the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation studios in Goose Bay.
Metcalfe was a member of the editorial team for Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami’s (ITK) Inuktitut Magazine. From issue 49 (December 1981) to issue 65 (winter 1987) his name appears on the inside of the cover as staff member. He wrote several stories for the magazine based on his life experiences.
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77358179
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhand%20Provincial%20Armed%20Constabulary
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Uttarakhand Provincial Armed Constabulary
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The Uttarakhand Provincial Armed Constabulary (UK-PAC), or Provincial Armed Constabulary is the state armed police wing of Uttarakhand Police was created in 2001, after the bifurcation of the state of Uttar Pradesh in 2000 that resulted in the formation of new state Uttarakhand.
History
Between 1962 and 1973, four new battalions of Uttar Pradesh Provincial Armed Constabulary were raised from the Garhwali and Kumaoni community. Apart from that, The 46th Battalion called the Task Force existed till 1998, with the special task to fight dacoits and maoist insurgents. On achieving its goal, it was again converted to normal PAC Battalion, presently located at Rudrapur. Currently the Uttarakhand Provincial Armed Constabulary has three battalions off which the 31st and 46th Battalion are based in Rudrapur and 40th Battalion is based in Haridwar.
In 2021, Uttarakhand became the fourth state in India after, Nagaland, Kerala, and West Bengal to have women in their special forces. Most of these women commandos are recruited in Uttarakhand Police Armed Constabulary.
Organisational structure
Recent events
The Uttarakhand Provincial Armed Constabulary was deployed to curb the 2024 Haldwani violence.
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77358506
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Who%20Killed%20Hitler%3F
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Who Killed Hitler?
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Who Killed Hitler? is a 1947 American book edited by Herbert Moore and James W. Barrett, with an introduction by U.S. intelligence officer William F. Heimlich. The book contends that rather than commit suicide or escape Germany (as held by Western and Soviet sources, respectively), Nazi leader Adolf Hitler was assassinated in an attempted coup d'état by Schutzstaffel (SS) leader Heinrich Himmler.
Although the book dismisses fringe claims that Hitler faked his death, it was itself criticized for bolstering them—in part regarding an alleged Hitler double.
Introduction
In the introduction to the book, U.S. intelligence officer William F. Heimlich claims that the crater in the Reich Chancellery garden Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun were reputedly buried in had not been excavated prior to his team's one-day investigation in December 1945. He asserts that both (RSD) guard Hermann Karnau and RSD guard Erich Mansfeld (who made contradictory statements about the cremations) were unreliable, lacking knowledge of the bunker layout including which direction the entrance faced. (Heimlich's team referred to a "rather sketchy map" drawn by Karnau, which omits any detailed layout of the Chancellery grounds outside the bunker.)
Heimlich would expound on his claims in the early 1950s via the National Police Gazette, an American tabloid-style magazine. He claimed that according to U.S. tests, the blood found on Hitler's sofa did not match his blood type, contrary to Soviet claims. Heimlich also alleged that during their day of access to the bunker grounds, the Americans sifted the garden dirt and found no trace of burnt bodies.
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77358871
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edeline%20Strickland
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Edeline Strickland
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Lady Edeline Strickland (born Lady Edeline Sackville-West, 10 September 1870 – 15 December 1918) was the founder and president of the New South Wales division of the Australian Red Cross. She inspired the name of the Lady Edeline ferry, and the Edeline Islands.
Early life and personal
Strickland was born Lady Edeline Sackville-West, to Constance Mary Elizabeth Baillie-Cochrane, and Reginald Windsor Sackville. Reginald was the 7th Earl De La Warr. She married Gerald Strickland in 1890. They had six daughters and two sons. One of their daughters was the politician and journalist Mabel Strickland.
Career
Due to her husband's governing appointments, Strickland lived in the Leeward Islands from 1902, Tasmania, Australia from 1904, Western Australia from 1909, before arriving in Sydney in 1913. In Sydney she lived in Cranbrook in Rose Bay, and then Government House on Macquarie St until 1917 while her husband was the Governor of New South Wales.
Strickland had experienced poor health since 1912, which limited her ability to expend much physical energy. Doctors told her she needed to rest.
When World War I broke out in August 1914, Lady Helen Munro Ferguson wrote to Strickland, making her a member of the central branch of the Australian Red Cross, which Ferguson had formed in response to the war. Ferguson also invited Strickland to form and preside over the New South Wales division as its president.
Under her direction, Strickland's residences, first Cranbrook in Rose Bay, and then Government House on Macquarie St, Sydney became war working centres. The women who volunteered took over the supper room for daily meetings, and organising material goods for wounded soldiers.
Strickland inspired the name of the Lady Edeline Ferry, one of four ferries named for the wives of New South Wales Governors.
She also had a children's hospital named in her honour, the Lady Edeline Hospital for Sick Babies, in the historic Greycliffe House in Nielsen Park, Vaucluse.
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77358895
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret%20Evelyn%20Stanley
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Margaret Evelyn Stanley
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Lady Margaret Evelyn Stanley (born Margaret Evelyn Evans Gordon, 27 August 1875 – 13 April 1964) was the founder and president of the Victorian division of the Australian Red Cross.
Early life and family
Stanley was born on the 27th August 1875 to Mary Theodosia Sartoris and Henry Evans Gordon in Hampshire, England. One of four children, she grew up at Prestons in Ightham, Kent to a family that mixed in intellectual and artistic social circles.
Stanley's maternal grandmother was opera singer Adelaide Kemble of the Kemble family, and her maternal grandfather was Edward John Sartoris. Her mother, Mary, who was known as May, was an amateur actress and singer, and was the subject of a number of paintings by Frederic Leighton. Stanley's maternal uncle, Algernon Sartoris, married Nellie Grant.
Stanley's paternal uncle was William Evans-Gordon, and her paternal aunt was Jessica Evans Gordon who married Thomas Gibson Bowles.
Stanley married Arthur Lyulph Stanley, in 1905. They had five children, Adelaide, Edward John, Pamela, Lyulph, and Victoria.
Career
When World War I broke out in August 1914, Lady Helen Munro Ferguson appointed Stanley as a member of the central branch of the Australian Red Cross, which Ferguson had formed in response to the war. Ferguson also invited Stanley to form and preside over the Victorian division as its president. She was the first president of the Victorian division of the Australian Red Cross.
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77358928
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsie%20Goold-Adams
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Elsie Goold-Adams
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Lady Elsie Goold-Adams (née Riordan; 1882 – 26 August 1952) was a Canadian-born Australian who was the inaugural president of the Queensland division of the Australian Red Cross and led the activities of the division during World War I. During this time she was also a charity patron for causes relating to supporting soldiers in the war effort, advancing the roles of women, and child education and welfare. She was married to Sir Hamilton John Goold-Adams, the 12th Governor of Queensland.
Early life
Goold-Adams was born Elsie Riordan in 1882, in Montreal, Canada one of four children of Edith Susan Ellis of Toronto, and Charles Alfred Riordan of Ireland. In 1911, while in London, she married Sir Hamilton John Goold-Adams, a soldier and colonial administrator. In March 1915, Hamilton took up the position as the 12th Governor of Queensland, and they moved to Australia.
Career
Goold-Adams lived in Australia for five years and resided at Fernberg, Queensland's Government House. In that time she was actively involved in League of Women's Relatives of Sailors and Soldiers.
She was fluent in eight languages other than English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Turkish, Russian, Greek, and Arabic. She also established a vegetable garden at the bottom of the front lawn.
| 2.125
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77358974
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ettie%20Ellison-Macartney
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Ettie Ellison-Macartney
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Career
When World War I broke out in August 1914, Lady Helen Munro Ferguson wrote to Ellison-Macartney to appoint her as a member of the newly formed central branch of the Australian Red Cross, and to invite her to form and preside over the Tasmanian division as its president. At this time, Ellison-Macartney's husband had been the Governor of Tasmania for a little over a year. Ellison-Macartney accepted the invitation, and formed the branch, and presided over it, stating it was "a very interesting and absorbing task". She stated that considering that the type of work that women were undertaking through volunteering for the Red Cross had previously been outside of their lives "It was amazing to see the rapidity and thoroughness with which the women grappled with the work and grasped its scope and effectiveness".
In early 1917 she travelled to England with one of her daughter and collaborated with the commissioners of the Australian Red Cross, visiting and the headquarters on Victoria Street in Westminster, and then inspecting the two depots in London city, and assisting them with the work. While in England, on the day she and her daughter were granted an audience with King George V, it was announced that her husband had been appointed the governor of Western Australia. Upon moving to Western Australia, she became the president of their state branch of the Red Cross, taking over from the inaugural president Lady Clara Barron.
Ellison-Macartney returned to live in England with her family in January of 1920.
Death
Ellison-Macartney died on the 27 November 1938 in Putney Vale in England.
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77359202
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway%20Bridge%2C%20Ivrea
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Railway Bridge, Ivrea
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The Ivrea Railway Bridge is a truss railway bridge over the Dora Baltea in Ivrea, Italy.
History
The bridge was built as part of the development of the railway line between Ivrea and Aosta, officially inaugurated, along with the bridge, on July 4, 1886. The bridge, originally a lattice truss design, was assembled on-site on the right bank of the Dora Baltea, then moved into its final position using a temporary wooden structure built in the middle of the river as support.
In the night of December 23 to 24, 1944, during the Nazi-Fascist occupation of northern Italy, the bridge was blown up by Italian partisan forces to prevent an Allied air bombing aimed at disrupting the supply of war materials from the Cogne steelworks in Aosta, and which would have severely damaged the town of Ivrea.
A new truss bridge was built after the end of the conflict, being inaugurated on May 25, 1959.
Description
The bridge is located at the last useful point before the bed of the Dora Baltea widens again after being forced through a narrow gorge, just a few dozen meters downstream from the Ponte Nuovo. It is a truss bridge.
| 2.046875
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77359305
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allanblackia%20parviflora
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Allanblackia parviflora
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Allanblackia parviflora is a medium-sized deciduous forest tree belonging to the family Clusiaceae.
Description
The tree is capable of growing up to in height and with a diameter that can occasionally reach . The trunk is cylindrical while the bark is reddish to brown and sometimes scaly; the crown is narrow with glossy large leaves. Leaflets are elliptical in shape up to long and wide. Flowers are fragrant and are pink, reddish or creamy. Fruit is a large ellipsoid berry, up to long and wide with brown warts.
Distribution
The species is native to Tropical West Africa and occurs from Guinea eastwards to Ghana. It is commonly found along slopes in evergreen forests along the coast of West Africa but can also be found in moist semi-deciduous forests.
Chemistry
Studies conducted on seed extracts of the plant indicate a high fatty oil yield, with oleic and stearic acids the dominant fatty acid contents of the seeds.
Uses
In Liberia its wood is used in carpentry work and in other parts of West Africa it is considered suitable as a shade tree in cocoa farms. In traditional medicine, stem bark extracts is used in pain management.
Oil obtained from the seed is also used for cooking.
| 2.59375
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77359459
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yabberup%2C%20Western%20Australia
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Yabberup, Western Australia
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Yabberup is a rural locality of the Shire of Donnybrook–Balingup in the South West region of Western Australia. The Preston River and the Donnybrook–Boyup Brook Road run through the centre of the locality from east to west. A small north-western corner of the Greater Preston National Park extends into the south-east of the locality.
The townsite of Preston is located within Yabberup, named after the river it is located on. Originally known as Upper Preston when land was first set aside for the town in 1892, the town was surveyed in 1899 and renamed to Preston.
Yabberup and the Shire of Donnybrook–Balingup are located on the traditional land of the Wardandi people of the Noongar nation.
The locality is home to the heritage listed Yabberup Hall, which dates back to 1894. The Flemish bond brickwork building was officially opened in August 1896, then as the Preston Agricultural Hall. The hall was added to in 1920 and 1973–74 and had tennis courts added in 1988.
Yabberup was once a siding on the Donnybrook–Katanning railway, with the railway line having ceased operation in 1982. The Yabberup siding, opened in 1908, was closed in 1961.
| 1.976563
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77359748
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s%20L%C3%B3pez%20de%20Medrano
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Andrés López de Medrano
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Treaty of Logic, Elements of Modern Philosophy (1814)
Medrano's work "Logic, Elements of Modern Philosophy" was written in 1813 and published in 1814 at the printing house of the General Captaincy of Santo Domingo. It was temporarily lost until rediscovered by Friar Cipriano de Utrera in the General Archive of the Indies. Known as "Introduction to Logic, Elements of Modern Philosophy," its conceptual and theoretical support is seen as a contribution to the national spirit. In 1928, researcher Máximo Coiscou Henríquez brought the text from the General Archive of the Indies. While writing his "Introduction to Logic, Elements of Modern Philosophy for the Use of Dominican Youth," Don Andrés López de Medrano stated:
"Blessed is the country if it sees such children flourish, and very happy I am, distinguished with so much honor, sure of so much glory, I can teach and establish modern philosophy, supporting it with very solid experiments."
Medrano authored several works, the most notable was his work entitled "Introduction to Logic, Elements of Modern Philosophy for the Use of Dominican Youth" (1814). Thanks to his work Logic, the author and philosopher Don Andrés López de Medrano managed to significantly overcome the scholasticism in force during three centuries of colonial history. This book replaced Condillac's works as a primary textbook.
Logic, Elements of Modern Philosophy became the first book of Dominican philosophy and the first book printed in the Dominican Republic.
His work "Logic" was republished in 1956 in the Annals of the University of Santo Domingo, with a biographical note by historian Emilio Rodríguez Demorizi, who concludes by affirming that:
"López de Medrano was one of those illustrious Dominicans whom the vicissitudes of the homeland sent to other shores, where they continued the tradition of Spain."
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77359748
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s%20L%C3%B3pez%20de%20Medrano
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Andrés López de Medrano
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"First, that their knowledge and probity be examined, demonstrated by their life, their books, and the congruence of the events they narrate. Second rule: those who let themselves be guided by their own concerns (or prejudices) or by those of the crowd, or who are indulgent with some of the parties, are not worthy of trust. Third rule: contemporary authors should be preferred over foreign and ancient ones, and the more distant they are from that time, the less faith should be placed in them. Fourth rule: the writer who adulterates the truth loses all credibility, and the same applies to those who are passionate about what they narrate and those who are overly concerned with style (attached to and worried about form). Fifth rule: to give assent to any historical account, we must take into account the quality and difficulty of the historical fact, the prudence of the witnesses, the age, the time, the distance of the places where it was written, and the conformity of all the circumstances; having observed all these things, judgment should be given or issued where the balance inclines, and this is the mathematical rule to appreciate things according to human faith (testimony of men)."
Medrano had strong faith in these rules of critical art, finding them very useful for evaluating historians' theoretical and practical approaches to the past. He believed these rules were ideal for identifying the bad intentions of irresponsible historians who aim to obscure the truth. Additionally, he thought these rules clarified the objectivity of those who strive to make the past understandable, viewing them as positive and accurate for historical investigation. He believed that creatively applying these rules helps discern the morality and commitment of historians to truth and ethics.
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