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78796134
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death%20of%20Samantha%20Martin
|
Death of Samantha Martin
|
Samantha Martin was a Canadian girl who died of a heart attack in December 2006 at age 13. Following her death, her parents – particularly her mother Velvet Martin – fought legal restrictions on publicizing information about children in Alberta's child welfare system, alleged that Samantha's death was caused by neglect while in foster care, and lobbied for changes to an Alberta law that required disabled children to enter foster care in order to receive medical treatment.
History
Samantha Martin was born in 1993 in Alberta, Canada. She was diagnosed with tetrasomy 18p, a genetic condition which causes a wide range of medical and developmental problems. Social workers advised the family that Samantha would receive better medical support for her condition if she were placed in foster care; her mother, Velvet Martin, claimed that the state forced her to do so in order to obtain funding and services for Samantha. Samantha was placed with a foster family, with whom she lived for more than ten years.
Martin died of a cardiac arrest in December 2006 at age 13, five months after returning to the care of her biological family. Under Alberta law, it is illegal to publish the name or photograph of a children in the provincial welfare system, even those that have died. In order to draw attention to the circumstances leading to Martin's death, the family first sought to have the publication ban lifted in her case.
Velvet Martin lobbied for changes to Alberta law. In 2008, an amendment to the Alberta Family Support for Children with Disabilities Act was passed that, according to the St. Albert Gazette, "requires that participants in the Family Support for Children with Disabilities Program are recognized as legally distinct from children in protective services under the intervention model".
| 1.929688
| 0
|
78796162
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bussang%20Pass
|
Bussang Pass
|
Defourny's Trésor des Chartes de Lorraine does not speak in terms of cols but rather of “passages” or “pertuis” in the village of Vôge. Situated at the crossroads of the Romanesque cultural sphere on the one hand and the Germanic world on the other, the Col de Bussang remains an ancestral frontier between various entities: sovereign states, temporal abbatial or canonical principalities, archdioceses, or linguistic areas. However, its vocation as a passageway has always outweighed its function as a natural frontier.
Toponymy
The use of the term “Col de Bussang” is relatively recent. On either side of the Franco-German language boundary, we used to say or read:
For the French-speaking part (including the Vosges dialect):
passage de Taye,
pertuis d'Estaye (Perthus, Perthuix, Potieu),
col de l'Estaye,
pertuis de Taye or de la Taye,
côte du Taye;
For the German-speaking part (including the Alsatian dialect):
Steige zur Linden (Steig zür Linde),
D'Steig,
Pass zur Linden,
der Bussang-Sattel (or der Sattel).
The toponyms of the settlements below the pass on either side, Bussang or Urbès, appear visibly little or not at all in the first names of the pass. As is the case for other regions of the Vosges massif on the Alsatian side, the German-speaking part insists on the topographical characteristic: the term “Steige” designates a “hill” or “climb”. The same name is used for the Col de Saverne (German: Zaberner Steige), the Col de Steige at Offwiller between Moselle and Bas-Rhin. In fact, for German speakers, the name Steige has little to do with mountainous regions: in south and south-west German, it mainly refers to a steep road. Unlike a pass, it is not necessarily intended as a means of crossing a mountain into the neighboring valley. Steigen, for example, is common in the hilly or steeply sloping regions of south-central Germany, where they are used to cross from the valley floor into the surrounding higher terrain.
| 2.09375
| 0
|
78796162
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bussang%20Pass
|
Bussang Pass
|
Lieutenant General Henri de Rohan joined his troops in Rambervillers, annexed by France in 1552 and surrounded by ducal Lorraine lands, on January 6, 1635. He departed with ten regiments under the command of François Thibault. Seven regiments (about 4,000 men) and six cavalry squadrons (about 400 horses) reached the Valtellina. Along the way, Rohan also integrated Landé's troops, two Swiss regiments, and seven Grison regiments. However, units were lost due to severe weather in the Vosges, sieges of cities like Belfort, and other challenges. Some troops were left behind to secure conquered territories. Richelieu pressed Rohan to move quickly toward Italy, advising against delays, even for Belfort or Brisach.
Rohan lamented in his correspondence the "robberies and killings by locals" in the border regions, illnesses, and poor conditions between the plains and the Bussang Pass. On January 16, 1635, he wrote from Épinal that he had to slow his pace to avoid losing his infantry to the snow. By January 21, he reached Remiremont, writing: "Had I left six days earlier, I would have lost half our infantry." From there, he advanced along the Moselle Valley, closing and controlling routes into Franche-Comté with four regiments and two companies under Baron de Montausier's command. He continued with the rest of his troops under “constant rains” and faced snow when crossing the Bussang Pass with artillery (nine cannons, 37 munitions carts) and infantry.
The Vosges crossing proved grueling. Writing from the Dannemarie camp on February 10, 1635, Rohan stated: "I fear losing many soldiers. There’s no remedy; all difficulties must be overcome." A letter dated February 8 from Roppe and another from Dannemarie two days later highlight the arduous journey of less than 25 km, which took days. His troops took about ten days to reach Saint Gall, four days to Coire, and twelve more to arrive in the Valtellina. His headquarters in the Italian Alps was established in Morbegno and moved to Tirano in June 1635.
November 1638
| 2.46875
| 0
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78796442
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2MASS%20J08090250-4858172
|
2MASS J08090250-4858172
|
2MASS J08090250-4858172 (also called NGC 2547–ID8) is a star in the cluster NGC 2547. In 2014 it was reported that the star had brightened in the infrared. This was interpreted as a collision between planetesimals. It is not the first time such a collision was inferred from infrared excess, with likely the first being BD+20 307, but ID8 was one of the first with the event being observed in real time. Later it became clear that two impacts occurred, one in late 2012 and another in early 2014.
In 2007 ID8 was discovered as a member of NGC 2547 and having infrared excess with Spitzer. At the time the excess was interpreted as either a transitional disk or a collision between planetesimals. In 2012 it was discovered that ID8 and HD 23514, both identified as extreme debris disks (EDD), are variable in 24 μm. EDDs are disks that are extreme bright at this wavelength and make up around 1% of all debris disks. This variation was interpreted as a possible major collision, or a few major collisions. This is opposed to debris produced in a collisional cascades in most debris disks. ID8 was variable in 24 μm between 2004 and 2007, showing both brightening and fading. Observations in 2007 with the Spitzer spectrograph showed ~98% amorphous grains and ~2% crystalline grains. The system interpreted to produce amorphous sub-micron-sized dust, originating in collisions. The similarity of the spectrum and the spectrum of BD+20 307 was noted. Follow-up observations were carried out with Spitzer IRAC (3.6 and 4.5 μm) and ground-based telescopes in 2012 and 2013. The object brightened in the infrared from 2012 to 2013. After that it decayed in brightness in 2013. At the same time the brightness remained stable in the optical. This was interpreted as a new collision between two bodies before 2013. Periodic variations in the 2013 IRAC light curve was interpreted as dust orbiting at around 0.33 astronomical units (AU).
| 2.046875
| 0
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78796450
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuanzhao
|
Yuanzhao
|
Yuanzhao's interpretations diverged from those of fellow Vinaya scholar Yun Kan. Their disagreements over ritual practices—including circumambulation directions and monk robe lengths—led to a schism within the Vinaya school. Yuanzhao's lineage became known as the Zichi faction, distinguishing itself from Yun Kan's Huizheng faction.
Yuanzhao spent over thirty years in Hangzhou, attending to various temples, including Fahui (法慧), Dabei (大悲), Xiangfu Jietan (祥符戒壇), Jintu Baoge (淨土寶閣), Lingzhi Chongfu (靈芝崇福). At these temples he gathered disciples and conducted thousands of ordination ceremonies for the bodhisattva precepts, as well as numerous other ordination ceremonies. The grand ordination he led at Kaiyuan Temple in 1098, known as the “Flourishing Ordinations of the Southeast,” epitomized his impact on Chinese Buddhist monasticism.
Yuanzhao died in 1116, and Emperor Gaozong posthumously honored him as “Great Wisdom Vinaya Master” in 1141. His works and reforms played a pivotal role in the resurgence of the Vinaya school and the broader revitalization of Chinese Buddhist monasticism.
Yuanzhao's efforts in revitalizing the Vinaya school were multi-faceted and included three main elements:
| 2.1875
| 0
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78796450
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuanzhao
|
Yuanzhao
|
Yuanzhao argued that to be able to practice contemplation or guan (觀), one needed to practice the three pure acts taught in the Contemplation Sutra. The three pure acts (which include keeping precepts and reciting sutras) evoked the Buddha's blessings (fuye 福業) which supported the practice of contemplation. Thus, to practice correct guan (zheng guan 正觀) one must thus keep precepts. Yuanzhao compares the three pure acts to a shipload of treasures and contemplation to the ship's mast. He also links them with phenomenon (shi 事) and principle (li 理) respectively.
Yuanzhao also connects the three minds of faith taught by Shandao to the three clusters of bodhisattva precepts, writing:An earnest mind means earnestly observing the restraining precepts to end all evildoing. A profound mind means doing all good dharmas to deepen one's mind. A mind wishing for rebirth in the Pure Land as one transfers one's merits to other sentient beings means benefiting all in their deliverance.As such, Yuanzhao's Pure Land commentaries provide a holistic approach to Pure Land practice which includes meditation (guan), oral recitation, keeping precepts, vows and devotion.
Yuanzhao's commentaries also make use of the Tiantai teaching which argued that “the Mind is the Pure Land” (weixin jingtu 唯心淨土). This teaching is based on Tiantai's teaching of the three thousand realms being included in a single moment of thought.
In spite of his reliance on Shandao, Yuanzhao disagrees with the master on one important issue. Yuanzhao does not agree with Shandao that the first thirteen contemplations taught in the Contemplation Sutra are "meditative goods" while the three pure acts and the last three contemplations are "non-meditative goods". For Yuanzhao, the Contemplation Sutra is clearly teaching sixteen contemplations, and each of them is a kind of meditation.
| 1.90625
| 0
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78796692
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Coconut%20Lady%20%28Indian%20folktale%29
|
The Coconut Lady (Indian folktale)
|
In a Tai Khamti tale from Arunachal Pradesh with the title The Coconut Fairy, a hardworking farmer couple are blessed by the gods, who send them an angel to be their human son, whom they name Chow Malakungini. As a boy, he listens to his grandmother's stories about fairies and becomes obsessed with finding one. When he reaches marriageable age, his parents present him girls from the village as suitable brides, but he will have none but a fairy, so he decides to journey for his fairy bride. He meets a sage on the way who advises him to always walk straight ahead and never stray from the path. Chow Malakungini traverses a thorny path and reaches another sage. The second sage says the youth can find the fairy inside a coconut if he continues on his path, but he should wait for the fruit to ripen before he plucks it. The sage gives him some food, water and a change of clothes, and Chow Malakungini walks until he reaches a garden where a single coconut tree grows, surrounded by many Phephais. After the Phephais eat and quarrel among themselves, he watches as the creatures fall asleep with the sunrise, and creeps towards the coconut to pluck the fruit. Inside the coconut, the fairy says she is not ready to be plucked, but Chow Malakungini decides to take the fruit with him. At a distance, he cracks open the coconut, and out comes a beautiful fairy. The girl says if the coconut was ripe, she would have her kingdom and jewels with her, but the youth says he has no need of those. The coconut fairy explains the Phephais (demons) were guarding her to offer her as bride to their master when the coconut ripened. Chow Malakungini takes the fairy with him back to his home village, but she feels tired and wishes to rest. The youth agrees to let her rest, and places her on a bush near a stream, while he goes to bring his family and friends to better welcome her
| 2.03125
| 0
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78796692
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Coconut%20Lady%20%28Indian%20folktale%29
|
The Coconut Lady (Indian folktale)
|
In a Kannada tale from Karnatak translated as Areca-Nut Princess or The Arecanut Princess, a king has five sons, four of them married save the youngest, who rejects his prospective brides and travels to find the Areca-nut king's daughter. On his journeys, he meets three saints who each gifts him a lemon, a stick, coal and a turmeric. They also warn him not to place the areca nut on the ground. The prince reaches the garden of the Areca-nut king's tree, plucks an areca nut (inside of which the princess is). However, the garden is protected by guardians: a Rakshasa (at which he throws the lemon to defeat it), and lions, tigers and all manners of creatures. The animals attack and kill the prince. The third saint goes to the garden to rescue and revive the prince, and gifts him the same objects as before. The revived prince throws the objects at the animals of the garden, plucks the arecanut and rushes back. He stops at the edge of a city and sleeps beside a well. When he dozes off, the nut falls to the ground and releases the Arecanut Princess. At the same time, a lowly Kumbara girl is fetching water, when she sights the Arecanut Princess, changes clothes and jewels with her, and shoves her down a well, then enters the areca nut. The prince wakes up and takes the nut back to his palace, and lives with the false princess. Meanwhile, the true princess survives and goes through a cycle of reincarnations: she becomes a flower in the well which the prince takes home. The false bride recognizes it as a form of the princess and buries it; a sandalwood tree sprouts, which the false bride wants chopped down and burnt down. The woodcutter fulfills the orders and cuts it down, but bring home with him a piece of the sandalwood tree. In the woodcutter's house, the Arecanut Princess comes out of the piece of wood, is discovered and adopted by the woodcutter. Some time later, the prince goes on a hunt and eavesdrops some girls commenting on the story of the Arecanut Princess
| 2.296875
| 0
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78796747
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rappaccini%27s%20Daughter%20%28Garwood%20opera%29
|
Rappaccini's Daughter (Garwood opera)
|
Composition and premiere
Margaret Garwood (1927–2015) published an article on difficulties she encountered in composing the opera. "One such problem was how to retain the color of Hawthorne's language without making it sound stilted. Consequently, words such as 'whence', 'thou', 'would'st', and so forth, though beautiful when spoken, could tend to sound archaic when sung." Garwood also observed "the problem of how to bring out certain twentieth-century psychological insights implicit in the story without ruining the particular nineteenth-century flavor of the work. The solution, I think, lies in a deep concern for the dramatic and musical integration of the text."
Rappaccini's Daughter was commissioned by the Pennsylvania Opera Theater as the first world premiere presented by the company. Barbara Silverstein, artistic director of the company, found Garwood's music to be "passionately lyrical, melodic, and accessible." The opera was initially presented in 1980 at Philadelphia's Theater 313 with only a piano accompaniment played by Judith Large. In lieu of sets, the production economized by using dancers to evoke the plants of Dr. Rappaccini's garden. Kay Walker directed Cary Michaels as Giovanni, Heather McCormick as Beata, James Butler as Dr. Rappaccini, Harriet Harris as Lisabetta the landlady, and Gregory Powell as Professor Baglione. After the premiere on November 19, two more performances followed on November 21 and 23. In the concert version, Garwood's work was praised in Opera, Max De Schauensee writing of "fluently melodic" music in a "colorful evening" with "fresh voices."
| 2.125
| 0
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78796793
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans%20Katzer
|
Hans Katzer
|
His service in the Nazi German Army started in 1939. During the Battle of Moscow, on December 7, 1941, he received a serious injury in the form of a gunshot wound to the lung. He afterwards became a Leutnant, becoming an instructor in Metz during the German occupation of France. He was briefly a prisoner of war by the U.S. Army in May 1945, but was soon after released.
In 1945, upon recommendation of Johannes Albers, he was placed in the Cologne Federal Employment Agency. Katzer would later say Albers "introduced him to politics", who was also his political mentor in addition to Jakob Kaiser. That year he also joined the CDU in Cologne upon its founding. In 1952, the local elections for North Rhine-Westphalia happened and the CDU won 31 of the 66 seats of the council of Cologne, and he was elected a member alongside people like Ernst Schwering. During this time period he also became the co-editor of the magazines "Soziale Ordnung" and "Betriebsräte-Briefes".
Political career
Member of Bundestag
Katzer won a seat in the Bundestag the 1957 West German federal election by direct mandate for Cologne III with 55.1% of the vote. The CDU also won a majority of the votes during this election. From 1965 to 1980 he was then elected to the Bundestag by state list for North Rhine-Westphalia.
In the Bundestag from 1969 to 1980 he was Deputy Federal Chairman of the CDU and also of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group. He was also a member of the CDU Executive Committee from 1960. He also became the Chairman of the Committee on Economic Property from 1961 to 1965.
He was sharply critical throughout his career of the distribution of ownership by means of production, stating in a 1970 Bundestag debate it was not good that at the time 71% of the capital was in the hands of the 1.7%, and states it had come from a bygone era of the post-war years.
He left the Bundestag in 1980.
Minister for Labour and Social Affairs
| 2.328125
| 0
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78796876
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commane
|
Commane
|
The Irish surname Commane (Irish Gaelic: Ó Comáin or Ó Cuimín, or reduced from Mac Comáin, Mac Cuimín; the prefix signifies "descendant") is of Gaelic Ireland origin, rooted in an early medieval chiefdom and associated with two patron saints of Ireland.
Variants of the name include Comain, Comaine, Coman, Comeens, Comins, Comman, Commins, Common(s), Comyn, Cowman(s), Cummane, Cummin(s), Cumming(s), Cumyn, McCowman. Sometimes incorrectly 'translated' to Hurley camán a hurley. Standardised form: Ó Comáin.
The name is derived from the Gaelic personal Comán (meaning "noble" or "steadfast") or Commán ("companion" or "communion"), a name from early Irish history, reflecting virtues of early Irish saints and aristocratic chieftains. The surname is rooted in the province of Connaught (sept: Ó Cuimín) and Munster (sept: Ó Comáin), particularly in County Clare, and the 8th and 9th century chiefdom of Tulach Commáin ("The Mound [or Fort] of Commane") a burial and inauguration site for chieftains, and their capital Cahercommane ("The Dwelling of Commane") also in Clare.
The surname is mentioned throughout the Irish annals, for example Part 15 of the Annals of the Four Masters: "1052 AD, Echthighern Ua hEaghráin, successor of Ciaran of Cluain-mic-Nois and of Comman, died on his pilgrimage at Cluain-Iraird".
The surname Ó Comáin is attested in Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh's 17th-century genealogical compilation, Leabhar Mór na nGenealach (The Great Book of Irish Genealogies), a key source for tracing Irish lineages.
The various spellings of Commane can largely be attributed to the lack of Standard Irish until 1948, and the historical practice of English-speaking officials transcribing Irish names phonetically, often based on how the names were pronounced.
Chiefdom of Tulach Commáin
| 2.484375
| 0
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78797107
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20the%20Jews%20in%20Kislovodsk
|
History of the Jews in Kislovodsk
|
The Jewish Community in Kislovodsk are the Jews who have ever lived in the territory of modern-day Kislovodsk, the city in Stavropol Krai, in the North Caucasus region of Russia. Kislovodsk was one of the cities in the North Caucasus with a large Jewish community. In 1890, a synagogue and a rabbi's house were opened in Kislovodsk on Kuibyshev Street, which was later requisitioned by the Soviet authorities. According to the census of 1912, 16 people of Jewish nationality lived in Kislovodsk, 6 women and 10 men. The total population as of January 1 of that year was 13,758 people. There are opinions that these figures were clearly underestimated, since by that time there were two prayer houses, and two Jewish cemeteries operated in Kislovodsk.
History
Until 1917, a rabbi and his family lived in Kislovodsk, and the community meetings were held in his house. Now this building is known as the cultural and architectural monument of the early 20th century, the "Rabbi's House".
After the October Revolution in the 1920s and 1930s, intensive construction of a health resort complex was underway. The Soviet government did not prevent the emergence of highly qualified Jewish specialists in Kislovodsk. In 1926, 640 Jews already lived in Kislovodsk, which constituted 2% of the city's total population. In 1939, 766 Jews lived in Kislovodsk.
In 1913, Jews owned a kerosene shop and two ready-made clothing shops. In the 1920s, there was a community of Mountain Jews in Kislovodsk. The shochets in Kislovodsk in the 1920s and 1930s were the Lubavitch Hasidim, Aryeh-Leib Gorelik (1888–?), who died during the Holocaust, and Yosef Gurfinkel, who died in exile in Fergana. In 1929, the board of the city branch of OZET published the newspaper “Voice of OZET”.
In 1936 the synagogue was closed. Later the synagogue buildings were used for shops, a drug addiction clinic, and various Soviet organizations.
| 2.5
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78797562
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence%20Sia
|
Lawrence Sia
|
Lawrence Sia Khoon Seong (born 10 November 1932) is a former Singaporean teacher, trade unionist and politician. Sia was the president of the Singapore Teachers' Union from 1971, before being expelled in 2003. He also served as Member of Parliament for Moulmein from 1968 to 1991, and spoke passionately about issues, such as education. In addition, Sia was deputy secretary-general of the National Trades Union Congress from 1970 to 1999.
Early life and career
In 1932, Sia was born in Kuala Lumpur to a family with eight children and lived in a squatter hut at Kampung Baru. Sia received his early education at St. John's Institution (SJI), before attending St. Xavier's Institution and graduating with a Senior Cambridge. Inspired by one of his SJI teachers, Brother Lawrence, Sia decided to take on the additional name of Lawrence.
In March 1952, Sia migrated to Singapore and became a teacher, teaching at primary schools and secondary schools, such as Ama Keng English, Jurong Primary, Bartley Secondary and Naval Base, as well as Ponggol Vocational School. He stayed at St. Joseph's Church located in Bukit Timah, and paid a month for a place to stay and breakfast.
In 1965, Sia was elected as secretary-general of the Singapore Teachers' Union (STU). In 1967, Sia was promoted to become principal of First Toa Payoh Primary School and had to resign from STU to comply with its constitution.
Political career
2nd Parliament (1968–1972)
In the 1968 general elections, Sia, under the alias of Chia Seong, was among the three trade unionists fielded by the People's Action Party (PAP) in the constituency of Moulmein. The other two unionists were Eric Cheong and Seah Mui Kok, representing Toa Payoh and Bukit Ho Swee respectively. Both candidates were elected unopposed. Sia won 90.56% of the votes cast, and was elected into the 2nd Parliament on 6 May 1968.
| 1.953125
| 0
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78797893
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camille%20Pictet
|
Camille Pictet
|
Jules-Camille Pictet (June 28, 1864 – January 29, 1893) was a Swiss naturalist and specialist on hydrozoa. Along with Maurice Bedot he travelled to the Malay Archipelago on a collecting expedition and died shortly afterwards. His father Édouard Pictet (1835–1879) was also a naturalist who specialized in entomology, particularly of the Neuroptera.
Pictet was born in Geneva, the son of entomologist Édouard Pictet and Emilie Louise Mallet. His grandfather was the naturalist François-Jules Pictet de la Rive who founded the Museum of Natural History in Geneva. Other family relatives included Charles Bonnet and Horace-Bénédict de Saussure. Interested in science from an early age, he studied fossils with his grandfather. After studies in Stuttgart he worked under Carl Vogt at the University of Geneva and spent some time in the Roscoff biological station under Henri de Lacaze-Duthiers. He was a keen alpinist and was the first to climb Aiguille du Géant in 1887. He then became a student of Hermann Fol. He spent a year in Freiburg im Breisgau under August Weismann and Robert Wiedersheim. In 1890 he went on an expedition to study marine organisms to the Malay Peninsula, accompanying Maurice Bedot. Returning, he wrote a dissertation on spermatogenesis and received a doctorate on July 8, 1891. He continued to work with Fol at Villefranche. In 1891 he married the Swiss artist Marie Diodati (1866–1958, she later married Pictet's friend Bedot, becoming Marie Bedot-Diodati). While working on a monograph of the expedition results, he became ill and fifteen days later he died at the age of 28.
| 2.40625
| 0
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78797969
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore%20Garnier
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Théodore Garnier
|
Théodore Garnier, known as the "Abbé Garnier," (24 December 1850 – 21 or 22 August 1920) was a French Catholic clergyman, activist, and essayist. He is regarded as one of the pioneers of Catholic social teaching at the end of the 19th century.
Théodore Garnier was born to Marie-Rose Desert and Jean Garnier, a humble laborer in the hamlet of Champs-Saint-Martin in Condé-sur-Noireau. He had several siblings, including Léon Garnier, who also became a priest.
At a young age, Théodore Garnier participated in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71 as a Pontifical Zouave under General de Charette. Many years later, in 1912, he was awarded the commemorative medal for the war.
Ordained as a priest in 1874, Garnier served as vicar of the parish of Saint-Sauveur and chaplain of the Saint-Joseph boarding school in Caen. A talented and provocative preacher, he took the side of workers, founding a job placement office and a people's bank while advocating for a corporatist inspired Christian association of industry and trades. Appointed "apostolic missionary" by Pope Leo XIII, he focused on bridging the gap between the Catholic Church and the working class. His sermons attracted large audiences but also provoked disorder and clashes with anticlerical activists, such as the riot at the Rouen Cathedral in January 1888.
In 1888, he became a writer for the Catholic newspaper La Croix. Following the encyclical Au milieu des sollicitudes, he became a strong supporter of the Ralliement, advocating for Catholics to align with the Republic while promoting Christian socialism inspired by the encyclical Rerum Novarum. However, his progressive stances coexisted with antisemitic rhetoric. By 1897, Garnier began distancing himself from antisemitic movements.
Théodore Garnier founded several institutions, including the Union Nationale in 1892 and a Catholic workers' club near Notre-Dame de Clignancourt in Paris. His activism extended to political endeavors, where he ran for office multiple times but faced opposition from various sides.
| 2.875
| 0
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78798565
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigua%20and%20Barbuda%20Parliament%20Building
|
Antigua and Barbuda Parliament Building
|
The Antigua and Barbuda Parliament Building is a two-storey structure that is the seat of the Parliament of Antigua and Barbuda. The building is located in the Government Complex, adjacent to the Office of the Prime Minister.
History and function
The building was inaugurated on 30 October 2006. The previous building was located on the nearby Parliament Drive. When the building is not hosting sittings of Parliament, other events may be held in its rotunda. When a throne speech is held, the governor-general is welcomed by an honour guard of soldiers from the Antigua and Barbuda Defence Force at the building's south portico.
Architecture
In addition to the central portion that includes the rotunda, the building contains four small wings. The roof of the rotunda is a small cone-shaped dome, with the remainder of the roofing being either flat or metal-roofed. Like other buildings in the complex, it is painted white. There are two parking lots, and a small guard booth. A large sign in arial font reading "Parliament of Antigua & Barbuda" is located nearby.
| 2.0625
| 0
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78798828
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugia%20%28candlestick%29
|
Bugia (candlestick)
|
A bugia (Latin: scotula, palmatorium, French: bougeoir) or hand-candlestick is liturgical candlestick held beside a Latin Catholic bishop or other prelate.
Description
The bugia is a low, portable candlestick with a long handle, held next to clergy to illuminate books being sung or read from. According to the 1886 Caeremoniale Episcoporum, it was to be made of gold or gilt silver for cardinals and patriarchs and silver for all other prelates, but this distinction was seldom followed. The candle used in the bugia was made of beeswax.
Usage
The bugia is held near and to the right of the book by one of the attendants of the prelate whenever he reads or sings a text from the evangeliary or missal. In the case of the Roman Pontiff, this role is filled by an assistant to the papal throne, but he holds an ordinary wax candle, not a bugia. For any other prelate, this was performed by an acolyte or other cleric. It was generally classified among the pontificalia of a bishop, along with the mitre, crozier, episcopal gloves, and other items.
Until 1905, only bishops and prelates with pontifical privileges could use the bugia at Mass. The motu proprio Inter multiplices issued by Pius X allowed all prelates, even titular protonotaries apostolic, vicars general, and diocesan administrators to use the bugia throughout liturgies. Its use on Good Friday, however, remained forbidden regardless of clerical rank. Also prohibited was its use by the ordinary when he celebrated Mass at the faldstool in the presence of a cardinal. Priests who needed an additional light near the missal on account of darkness were allowed to use a candle, so long as it did not have the form of the bugia. In 1968 its use was restricted to situations where practicality made its use necessary.
Etymology
The Latin word "bugia" (), originates from the city of Bougie, Algeria, a source of candle wax.
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78799086
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy%20L.%20Rathbun
|
Guy L. Rathbun
|
Guy L. Rathbun (? – January 22, 1954) was an American football, basketball, baseball, track and field, swimming, and wrestling coach, and athletics administrator. Rathbun began his career a YMCA physical director in Wisconsin and Nebraska. He held coaching positions at Indiana University (now known as Indiana University Bloomington), Oregon Agricultural College (now known as Oregon State University), Willamette University, Billings Polytechnic Institute, Intermountain Union College, and Spokane Junior College.
Coaching career
A native of Marinette, Wisconsin, Rathbun was physical director and assistant secretary of the YMCA in Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, in 1907, when he was offered a position to take charge of government YMCA work in the Panama Canal Zone. He turned down the offer in Panama and accepted a job as physical director of the YMCA in Beloit, Wisconsin. In 1908, Rathbun coached the football team at Beloit Academy. Around this time, he also coached the track team at Beloit College. In 1909, he moved to Beatrice, Nebraska, to become physical director of the YMCA there. In Beatrice, Rathbun also coached at Beatrice High School, where he mentored Red Rutherford in football. He left Beatrice in 1917 to become an assistant coach at Indiana University—now known as Indiana University Bloomington—under Ewald O. Stiehm.
At Indiana, Rathbun coached the Indiana Hoosiers baseball team in the spring of 1918, leading the team to an overall record of 9–7 with a mark of 0–5 in conference play, placing eighth in the Big Ten Conference. He left Indiana in 1920, and reunited with Rutherford at Oregon Agricultural College (OAC)—now known as Oregon State University. Rathbun assisted Rutherford in coaching the Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team. He served as line coach for the football team at (OAC), and coached swimming, wrestling, and baseball.
| 2.0625
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78799323
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juraid%20Island
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Juraid Island
|
Juraid Island () is a Saudi Arabian island located in the Persian Gulf, approximately northeast of the city of Jubail. The low-lying, sandy island spans approximately and is characterized by its rich biodiversity, featuring coral reefs, diverse marine life, and significant bird populations. The island is surrounded by extensive coral reefs that extend more than a quarter of a mile into the Gulf. These reef systems are primarily composed of brain coral (Meandra) and Acropora palmata, creating intricate mazes of canyons, tunnels, and plateaus that support a diverse marine ecosystem. The island's location is near "THE RIG," an adventure tourism project announced in 2021.
Wildlife
Marine Life
The coral reefs support numerous fish species, including Arabian angelfish, butterfly fish, and parrot fish, which display vibrant colors ranging from yellows and pinks to greens and blacks. The reefs also harbor more dangerous species such as the zebra fish (Scorpaenidae pterois), moray eels (family Muraedinae), and various species of sharks, including the hammerhead shark (Sphyna sygaena).
The island is a significant nesting ground for green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas), which visit the island during their breeding season from June to October. Female turtles, weighing up to 300 pounds, come ashore at night to lay between 75 and 100 eggs in carefully constructed nests. The hatching period occurs between August and late November, though many hatchlings face predation from both terrestrial and marine predators.
Birds
The island serves as an important habitat for various bird species, with three distinct tern species maintaining separate territories:
Yellow-billed (Lesser Crested) Tern (Sterna bengalensis) - occupies the northern shore for nesting
Bridled Tern (Sterna anaethetus) - inhabits the island's shrubland
White-cheeked Tern (Sterna repressa) - populates the remaining beach areas
| 2.953125
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78799473
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zofia%20Szymanowska-Lenartowicz
|
Zofia Szymanowska-Lenartowicz
|
Zofia Szymanowska–Lenartowicz (21 December 1825 – 8 July 1870) was a Polish painter, musician, and poet. She painted many portraits of the Mickiewicz family, particularly Adam Mickiewicz.
Biography
Zofia Szymanowska was born on 21 December 1825, in Otwock, Congress Kingdom of Poland (now Poland). She was the daughter of Józef Szymanowski (1785–1832) and his second wife, Elżbieta (née Młodzianowska, 1791–1847), her family was ennobled Jewish Frankists.
She was a half-sister of Celina Szymanowska, who was married to poet Adam Mickiewicz. Szymanowska–Lenartowicz had lived with the Mickiewicz family in Paris from 1850 until 1855, and helped with their childcare. She was educated in Dresden and in Paris, and in the studio of Ary Scheffer, and Aleksander Lesser.
In 1861, she married poet Teofil Lenartowicz in Florence, Italy, with whom she had a son Jan (John) who died shortly after his birth in 1864.
She died after struggling with pneumonia on 8 July 1870, in Miłosław, Poland. Her artwork can be found in the collections at the Warsaw National Museum, and the National Museum in Kraków.
| 2.140625
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78799554
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/1907%20L2%20%28Daniel%29
|
C/1907 L2 (Daniel)
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Daniel's Comet, formally known as C/1907 L2, is a non-periodic comet that became visible in the naked eye in 1907. It was the first of three comets discovered by American astronomer, Zaccheus Daniel.
Discovery and observations
The comet was discovered by Zaccheus Daniel using a comet-seeker on the dawn of 10 June 1907, however its nature as a comet wasn't confirmed until two days later by William Robert Brooks. At the time, the object was located within the constellation Pisces.
The comet rapidly brightened as it slowly approached the Earth, and was closest at on 2 August 1907. Edward E. Barnard made a series of photographic observations of the comet between 11 July and 8 September 1907, where he described the comet being visible to the naked eye for two months. At the same time, Edward C. Pickering also made several photographic observations between 12 July and 4 August 1907. J. Charles Duncan noted that the comet had reached magnitude 3.0 on 24 July 1907. Across the Atlantic, Max Wolf made extensive observations of the comet until 27 August.
It was last observed from the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver, Colorado, on the early morning of 30 June 1908.
| 3.234375
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78799618
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel-Joseph%20Bailly%20de%20Surcy
|
Emmanuel-Joseph Bailly de Surcy
|
Emmanuel-Joseph Bailly de Surcy (1794–1861) was a French printer and journalist. He played an active role in the Catholic revival in 19th-century France and dedicated his life to Catholic activism and pedagogy.
Biography
Emmanuel-Joseph Bailly, known as Bailly de Surcy, was born in Brias, Pas-de-Calais, on March 8, 1794 (18 Ventôse Year II), into a devoutly Catholic family. His father, Joseph-André Bailly, held various professions, including being a schoolteacher in 1822 and a farmer in 1830. During the French Revolution, Vincent de Paul's manuscripts and some of his relics were entrusted to his father.
Bailly was briefly a student at the Saint-Acheul College in Amiens. He initially aspired to become a priest and studied theology at the Amiens Seminary in 1815, but his vocation was questioned by his mentors. After a brief stint teaching for the Lazarists at the minor seminary in Soissons, he abandoned his religious aspirations and discovered his passion for pedagogy.
In 1818, he moved to Paris, where he married Apolline-Marie-Sidonie Vrayet de Surcy on July 22, 1830. At his father-in-law's request, he added "de Surcy" to his name.
The couple had six children, including Emmanuel Bailly, the third Superior General of the Assumptionists, and Vincent de Paul Bailly, founder of the Catholic periodicals Le Pèlerin and La Croix. Bailly's later years were marked by poor health and financial struggles. He died on April 12, 1861, in Paris and was buried in Berteaucourt-lès-Thennes.
Contributions to Pedagogy
In Paris, Bailly de Surcy established a residence for provincial students, providing accommodation and spiritual guidance. In 1819, he founded a family-style boarding school that catered to Catholic families, eventually moving the institution to Rue de l'Estrapade. Among his notable students were Frédéric Ozanam and Charles Baudelaire.
| 2.671875
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78799700
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontianak%20Teochew
|
Pontianak Teochew
|
Each of these three markers conveys a specific meaning from the speaker’s perspective and is used with different types of verbs, such as transitive or intransitive. The marker lou indicates that the speaker expected the event to occur and views it positively. It can co-occur with both transitive and intransitive predicates. In contrast, the markers diau and dioh both express the speaker’s perception that the event was "unexpected." However, diau generally conveys that the event is negative from the speaker’s perspective, while dioh is more neutral, with the meaning depending on the context to indicate whether the event is perceived as positive or negative. Moreover, diau and dioh exhibit complementary distribution in terms of syntactic properties: diau is used with intransitive unaccusative verbs, while dioh is used with transitive and dynamic predicates.
Negations
The negations or negative markers in Pontianak Teochew can generally be categorized into two types: those beginning with 'b', such as bo (無), boi (𣍐), and bue (未), and those beginning with 'm', such as m (唔), mo (莫), and min (免). While some of these markers can be synchronically decomposed into two morphemes, others cannot.
The negative marker bo originates from the morphemes b ‘not’, a bound negative marker that cannot stand alone, and u (有) ‘exist, have’. Based on its meaning, bo is closer to méiyǒu (沒有), meaning ‘not exist, not have’ in Mandarin. Similar to the morpheme yǒu in Mandarin, the morpheme u in Pontianak Teochew can express ‘possession’ or ‘having.’ Below is an example comparing the use of u and bo respectively:
The examples above demonstrate that the negive marker bo can negate an event that has an affirmative form of u (‘exist’).
This negative marker boi expresses inability and negates epistemic modality. The declarative form using oi ‘able’ indicates ability, while its negative counterpart, boi, means ‘unable’. For example:
| 2.96875
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71425313
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang%20Henei
|
Wang Henei
|
In 1947, the couple moved to Yiyi Hutong in Beijing, where they had a small studio in their home. Wang taught sketching and sculpture in the Arts and Crafts department of Beijing Normal University. In 1951, she was appointed professor-sculptor at the Central Academy of Fine Arts (CAFA), where she taught sculpture, sketching, and French.
Linyi, also a professor at CAFA, was framed for corruption during the Three-anti Campaign in 1952. He was tortured to give forced confessions, and tried to kill himself twice to prove his innocence. Wang was able to secure his release by convincing the seriously ill Xu Beihong, now the head of CAFA, to send a letter to the Ministry of Culture demanding the matter be investigated.
Wang became the first naturalized citizen of the People's Republic of China in 1955.
Wang returned to France for the first time in 1976 to visit family. Her brother beseeched her to stay, but she decided to return without saying anything about her life in China.
Linyi died on July 16, 1997, at the age of 89. Wang died on January 24, 2000. They did not have any children.
Art
Wang Henei was primarily known for her sculptures of animals, such as Mother and Child, Nursing Deer, and Kitten Washing Face. Her lively figures combined the elegance of French sculptures with feminine feelings. She preferred to work in clay, mainly producing small figures.
In 2015, the National Art Museum of China (NAMOC) presented an exhibition of the works of Wang Henei and Wang Linyi.
| 2.25
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71425951
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim%20Navon
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Chaim Navon
|
Chaim Navon (Hebrew: חיים נבון; born June 25, 1973) is an Israeli rabbi, philosopher, writer, and publicist.
Biography
Chaim Navon was born in Ramat Gan and grew up in Elkana. From 1992 to 2004, Navon studied at Yeshivat Har Etzion. He received his Semicha (rabbinic ordination) from Rabbi Aharon Lichtenstein and the Chief Rabbinate of Israel. In 2004, he graduated from the Hebrew University in Jerusalem with a degree in Jewish philosophy. Navon lives in Modi'in, where he led a local congregation.
Pedagogic, rabbinic and media career
Navon teaches Jewish philosophy, bible, Talmud, and Halakha (Jewish law) in at Yeshivat Har Etzion, Midreshet Lindenbaum, the Midrasha of Bar Ilan University and the Nishmat Center for Advanced Torah Study for Women.
Navon is a member of Tzohar, an organization that seeks to bridge the gaps between religious and secular Jews in Israel.
Navon is a frequent lecturer and writes a weekly column for Makor Rishon, which is identified with Israel's Religious Zionist community.
Navon has edited and translated books by Aharon Lichtenstein and Joseph B. Soloveitchik.
Navon hosts the podcast "One Might Think" (Efshar Lakhshov), which deals with religion, conservatism and public policy. His guests on the podcast have included Israeli Supreme Court justice Noam Sohlberg and journalist Sivan Rahav-Meir.
| 2.09375
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71426077
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Bernard%20Clinch
|
James Bernard Clinch
|
James Bernard Clinch (1771-1834) was a professor, lawyer and pamphleteer. On the recommendation of politician and writer Edmund Burke he was appointed as one of the first professors at the newly established St. Patrick's College, Maynooth in 1795 first as chair of Humanity (Belle Lettres), then in 1798 as Professor of Rhetoric, resigning in 1802. In 1795 he was one of the four professors present in Maynooth the others being Rev. Maurice Aherne (Dogmatic Theology), Rev. Pierre-Justin Delort (Mathematics and Natural Philosophy), and Rev. John Chetwode Eustace (Rhetoric).
He was the fifth son of Joseph Clinch, a merchant of James Street, Dublin, and Margaret Higgins. He was educated at Rev. Thomas Betagh's school and studied at the Irish College, Rome (where he had studied with some future Irish priests such as Dr. Patrick Ryan future Bishop of Ferns). Returning to Ireland choosing not to be ordained a priest, he worked as a teacher at Inch Academy, Balbriggan, before joining the staff at Maynooth. After Maynooth, he joined the Middle Temple, earned an LLB degree, and was called to the Irish bar in 1807.
He married Lisa Brennan, and two of his sons, both educated at the lay college in Maynooth, also became barristers.
He died on 25 October 1834.
| 2.140625
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71426550
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanum%28III%29%20iodide
|
Lanthanum(III) iodide
|
Lanthanum(III) iodide is an inorganic compound containing lanthanum and iodine with the chemical formula .
Synthesis
Lanthanum(III) iodide can be synthesised by the reaction of lanthanum metal with mercury(II) iodide:
2 La + 3 HgI2 → 2 LaI3 + 3 Hg
It can also be prepared from the elements, that is by the reaction of metallic lanthanum with iodine:
2 La + 3 I2 → 2 LaI3
While lanthanum(III) iodide solutions can be generated by dissolving lanthanum oxide in hydroiodic acid, the product will hydrolyse and form polymeric hydroxy species:
La2O3 + 6 HI → 2 LaI3 + 3 H2O → further reactions
Structure
Lanthanum(III) iodide adopts the same crystal structure as plutonium(III) bromide, with 8-coordinate metal centres arranged in layers. This orthorhombic structure is typical of the triiodides of the lighter lanthanides (La–Nd), whereas heavier lanthanides tend to adopt the hexagonal bismuth(III) iodide structure.
Reactivity and applications
Lanthanum(III) iodide is very soluble in water and is deliquescent. Anhydrous lanthanum(III) iodide reacts with tetrahydrofuran to form a photoluminescent complex, LaI3(THF)4, with an average La–I bond length of 3.16 Å. This complex is a starting material for amide and cyclopentadienyl complexes of lanthanum.
Related compounds
Lanthanum also forms a diiodide, LaI2. It is an electride and is best formulated {LaIII,2I−,e−}, with the electron delocalised in a conduction band. Several other lanthanides form similar compounds, including CeI2, PrI2 and GdI2. Lanthanum diiodide adopts the same tetragonal crystal structure as PrI2.
Lanthanum(III) iodide reacts with lanthanum metal under an argon atmosphere in a tantalum capsule at 1225 K to form the mixed-valence compound La2I5.
Reduction of LaI2 or LaI3 with metallic sodium in an argon atmosphere at 550 °C gives lanthanum monoiodide, LaI, which has a hexagonal crystal structure.
| 2.40625
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71426610
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria%20Birgitta%20zu%20M%C3%BCnster
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Maria Birgitta zu Münster
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Maria Birgitta zu Münster, OSB (13 October 1908 – 27 January 1988): née Ursula zu Münster, was a Catholic convert, Benedictine nun, and translator.
Life
Ursula zu Münster was born in Hanover. Her father, Egon Graf zu Münster, was a lieutenant colonel. She had two brothers. Ursula was educated at the protestant Stift Altenburg (in Thuringia), where she was also confirmed in 1924; she later attended grammar school in Dresden. It was in the Dresden house of the protestant preacher Arndt von Kirchbach and his socially and literarily active wife Esther that Ursula zu Münster met her friend Ida Friederike Görres. After graduating from high school, she studied Protestant theology in Greifswald and Leipzig from 1928 to 1932.
Ursula zu Münster converted to Roman Catholicism in Dresden in 1934. She studied at the Social Women's School of the Catholic Women's Association in Munich in 1934/36. Its director, Dr. Ammann, became her godmother at the confirmation in Cardinal Faulhaber's private chapel in 1935. After her final exams, she worked enthusiastically as a social worker, among others with female migrant workers in Eisleben and with female prisoners.
After frequent visits and persistent pleading, she was accepted into Saint Walburg Abbey in Eichstätt by her relative, the Abbess M. Benedicta von Spiegel. Her novitiate began in 1937 and ended with religious vows in 1938. She received the name of St. Bridget of Sweden. One of her first major assignments in the abbey was being editor of the abbey magazine, the Walburgisblätter. During the Second World War, Sr. Bridget and some of her fellow sisters worked as ward sisters in the reserve hospital in Bruck-Berg near Amberg from 1942 to 1944, caring first for Spanish, then German soldiers. After the war, Sr. Bridget helped numerous refugees in word and deed.
| 1.9375
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71426814
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral%20Cancer%20Foundation
|
Oral Cancer Foundation
|
Public awareness events
OCF puts on numerous public walk/run events around the country each year as a mechanism to raise awareness of oral cancer in major cities. Starting in 2005, in cooperation with dental schools like NYU and others, the community of registered dental hygienists (RDHs), patient survivor families, and members of the dental community acting as on the ground volunteer coordinators, not only is awareness raised, but free public screenings and after 2015 free HPV vaccinations are provided to attendees who desire them. Over more than a decade and a half of multi-location awareness and fundraising events have seen thousands of people attend annually, and hundreds of thousands of dollars have been raised to fund OCF research endeavors and other missions.
Patient support
Online support community
One of the first major milestones of the OCF was to create an online support community for those suffering with oral cancer. The foundation was the first to provide online support in this way, and is now (2022) at almost 13,000 members, making it one of the largest cancer support groups online.
According to interviews and OCF information gleaned from the actual support group postings, the OCF online community pre-dated even the advent of social media companies such as Facebook that were years away from existing. Posts and information from the group have been used as a source in science articles looking at the patient experience. The group is anonymous and free providing a safe environment to discuss the most intimate details of the cancer journey physically and emotionally.
| 2.1875
| 0
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71427002
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eldorado%20Ballroom
|
Eldorado Ballroom
|
Eldorado Ballroom is a former nightclub in the Third Ward, Houston, on the other side of the road from Emancipation Park. The white brick and stucco Art Moderne building has of space.
Caroline Love of Houston Public Media described it as "A pillar of Houston’s historic music scene". Leigh Cutler, in Houston History Magazine, stated that the Eldorado Ballroom "was representative of the last pinnacle of black culture in Houston before Jim Crow laws dissoived."
The name refers to a nickname of the Savoy Ballroom in New York City.
Musical styles at the venue included blues and jazz.
History
It was established in 1939, by Anna and Charles Dupree. Lenard Gabert designed the building. The club itself was on the second floor while five storefronts, housing various businesses, were on the first floor. Windows were used for cooling as the facility did not yet have air conditioning. Black newspapers frequently carried notices for events at the Eldorado Ballroom. It had the advertising tagline "Home of Happy Feet".
The club closed circa 1972.
In 2001 Project Row Houses had a plan to renovate the Eldorado Ballroom so it would become a Third Ward arts site.
In 2022 there was a plan to renovate the Eldorado Ballroom, which would cost $9.7 million. Forney Construction was responsible for the project, which included a proposal for a annex building for events and a restaurant. Project Row Houses directed the renovation. The plans called for revamping the plumbing and wiring.
On July 22, 2022, the African American Cultural Heritage Action Fund gave the Eldorado Ballroom a $3 million grant.
The Eldorado Ballroom reopened on March 30, 2023.
| 1.914063
| 0
|
71427147
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaza%20de%20Armas%20%28Cusco%29
|
Plaza de Armas (Cusco)
|
Swamp
When Manco Cápac arrived in the valley of Cusco, he settled in the surroundings of a swamp located between two streams (Saphy and Tullumayo) because that place was free from the threats of neighboring ethnic groups. The swamp was formed due to the continuous irrigation of the Saphy and Tullumayu rivers. Manco Capac built his palace called Colcampata at the base of the Sacsayhuaman plateau and the city was always built around the swamp. Sinchi Roca, son and successor of Manco Capac dried the swamp with earth brought from the mountains and later Pachacuti was in charge of drying it completely covering the swamp with sand brought from the coast.
Inca Empire
During the Inca period, the main square was larger than the current square because in addition to the current square (former Huacaypata) it occupied the entire area of the current Plaza Regocijo (formerly Cusipata), the "Hotel Cusco" and the blocks located between Calle Espaderos, Calle del Medio and Calle Mantas. Precisely these blocks and the Calle del Medio were crossed by the Saphy River (currently covered and made sewer), which divided the square into its two sectors already known. It was the religious and administrative center of the Inca Empire. As well as being the main axis of the Inca road. Around the square were the palaces of Pachacuti, Huayna Capac and Viracocha Inca.
| 2.90625
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71427203
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon%20Eskenazi
|
Solomon Eskenazi
|
When Murad III had heard that a Jewish woman was walking around with a diamond worth 40,000 ducats, he became enraged and ordered all Jews in the Ottoman Empire to be killed. Under the influence of Salomon Eskenazi, Grand Vizier Sokollu Mehmed Pasha, and Jewish businesswoman Esther Handali, the Valide Sultan ("Queen Mother") Nurbanu Sultan convinced his son, Murad, to revert his decision. In place, Murad issued an edict regulating the clothing of non-Muslims and restricting the trade and use of luxury goods within the empire. According to this edict, Jews would not wear turbans, but would wear red hats, black shoes, and cotton caps, in order to distinguish them from the Muslim population.
Imprisoned by the Prince of Transylvania during a trip in 1593, Eskenazi was released with the efforts of the British ambassador to Istanbul. He died in the Ottoman Empire in 1602. Bula Eksati, widow of Eskenazi, inherited her husband's medical wisdom, and cured Ahmed I of chickenpox "which could not be cured by any physician".
| 2.46875
| 0
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71427352
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Headless%20Horseman%20%281934%20film%29
|
The Headless Horseman (1934 film)
|
The Headless Horseman is a 1934 animated short film directed by Ub Iwerks and part of the ComiColor cartoon series. It is based on the 1820 short story "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" by Washington Irving.
The film was the first time Iwerks used the technique multiplane animation, his most prestigious invention. This allowed for a three-dimensional look, separating layers of the background, resulting in a greater feeling of depth.
Plot
Katrina Van Tassel is courted by both Brom Bones and Ichabod Crane, both of whom express a dislike for the other. Ichabod reads of the legend of the Headless Horseman and is startled when a courier arrives to deliver a message. Ichabod is invited to a brawl at Van Tassel Hall. The suitors feed Katrina and kiss her arms, and in the confusion end up kissing each other. Three musicians play music and the guests dance. Brom dances with Katrina, but stumbles on his feet. Ichabod cuts in and dances more smoothly. Ichabod shows off with tap dancing, which impresses Katrina but infuriates Brom who imagines Ichabod as a rattlesnake, a stinking skunk, and a donkey.
When the guests are gathered around the fireplace, an old man tells the legend of the Headless Horseman, scaring the party but giving Brom an idea. At midnight, the guests leave. When Ichabod makes advances on Katrina, she kicks him out. On his way home, he is chased and scared off by what appears to be a headless horseman, but is later revealed to be Brom.
Brom and Katrina are wed, but after Brom has placed the ring on Katrina's finger, a headless figure appears and scares off the wedding guests, the priest, and the newlyweds. It appears the headless figure is Ichabod.
| 2.15625
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71427690
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakup%20Yahya
|
Yakup Yahya
|
Yakup ben David Tam ibn Yahya (Hebrew: יאקופ יחיא) was born David into a Marrano family in Lisbon, Portugal, in 1475. He later moved to Istanbul to practice his religion (Judaism) more freely, and was regarded as the spiritual leader of all Ottoman Jews, until his death.
Life and career
Yahya immigrated to Istanbul in 1496 with his father to practice their religion (Judaism) more freely. As he soon became famous for his extended knowledge on the Talmud, he was selected as a member of Bet-Din by the then Hakham Bashi of Istanbul, Eliyahu Mizrahi, and was accepted as the spiritual leader of the Ottoman Jews after Mizrahi's death.
In the debate about whether the Karaites were Jewish or not, he vehemently rejected the thesis that they were not. Also, although he knew Kabbalah well, he objected to its teaching.
Although most of Ibn Yahya's responsas, which were written in Ottoman Turkish, Arabic, and Spanish (languages he spoke), were destroyed in the great fire of Istanbul in 1541, those which managed to survive were published in 1542 under the name Oholei Tam. His most well-known work is Dereh Tamim.
| 2.328125
| 0
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71427862
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerrit%20Smith%20Miller
|
Gerrit Smith Miller
|
Gerrit Smith Miller (January 30, 1845 – March 10, 1937), commonly called Gat, was an American businessman, farmer, sportsman and politician regarded as "the father of football in the United States" as the founder of Oneida Football Club, considered the first organized team to play any form of football in the country. The Oneida Club established informal rules which came to be known as the "Boston game" and are considered the first step to the codification of rules for association football, rugby football, or American football.
Miller was the namesake of his grandfather, the famous abolitionist, businessman, and philanthropist Gerrit Smith. His parents were Smith's daughter, Elizabeth Smith Miller, and her husband Charles Dudley Miller. He grew up on the family's estate in Peterboro, New York, helping his grandfather by hiding escaped slaves in a barn or attic. Starting in October 1860 he attended the school of Epes Sargent Dixwell in Boston, and in 1867 married Dixwell's daughter Susan Hunt Dixwell. (Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., married a sister.) He enrolled in Harvard in 1865, but set back by health problems, left before graduating; in 1924 the university awarded him a honorary Master of Arts degree.
Overview
Miller was primarily an importer and breeder of Holstein-Friesian cattle. His was the first herd of Holsteins in the country, according to a 1929 souvenir program of a Holstein field day and picnic, held at his farm. In Madison County, New York, where Peterboro is located, there were in 1931 more Holstein cattle than in any other county in the country, and more than in most states. More than half of the milk consumed in the United States came from this breed.
| 2.25
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71428001
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unknown%20Confederate%20Soldier%20of%20Gray%2C%20Maine
|
Unknown Confederate Soldier of Gray, Maine
|
The Unknown Confederate Soldier of Gray, Maine is an unidentified uniformed man whose body was mistakenly sent to the family of fallen Union soldier Charles H. Colley in Gray, Maine in 1862 during the American Civil War.
Colley, who died of wounds received at the Battle of Cedar Mountain, has headstones at both Gray Village Cemetery in Maine and Alexandria National Cemetery in Virginia. The Confederate remains unidentified. The “ladies of Gray” buried the unknown enemy soldier, called “Stranger,” and paid for a headstone marking his grave.
Background
“Colley was one of about 200 other soldiers from Gray, a town of 1,500 people that sent proportionately more of its native sons to battle than any other Maine community.” There are 178 Union burials at Gray’s historic town cemetery. There are at least 45 other Colleys buried alongside Charles Colley at Gray Village Cemetery.
Maine was a traditional hotbed of abolitionism; despite its status as a staunchly pro-Union state, there are seven Confederates buried there, including a second alleged “unknown.”
Colley
Charles H. Colley of Gray was a 29-year-old soldier of Company B of the 10th Maine Infantry Regiment who was mortally wounded at the Battle of Cedar Mountain on Saturday, August 9, 1862. “In about 10 minutes one day—August 9 in the late afternoon—the 10th Maine surged forward and lost half its men in killed, wounded and missing.”
He was a sergeant at the time of his wounding and was promoted to lieutenant days before he died of sepsis on Saturday, September 20, six weeks after the battle.
“During the war, funeral directors loitered around the hospitals, offering to embalm the dead—for a price, of course. Colley’s grieving mother Sally arranged to have her son’s body embalmed and shipped by rail back to Gray.” The Stranger arrived instead.
Colley has a marker at Alexandria National Cemetery (Virginia) as well. His rank on the Alexandria marker is listed as Sgt. while on the Gray marker it is recorded as Lt.
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71428177
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marta%20Sillaots
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Marta Sillaots
|
Marta Sillaots, born Marta Reichenbach (12 May 1887 – 15 July 1969) was an Estonian writer, translator, and literary critic.
Early life and education
Marta Adolfine Reichenbach was born in Rakke into a family of eleven, the daughter of postal clerk Hindrik Reichenbach. After a short time in primary school, which was interrupted due to illness, Marta Reichenbach was enrolled in the Tallinn High School for Girls, where she studied from 1895 to 1904. In 1905, Sillaots passed the exams at the Tallinn Nikolai Gymnasium and received an invitation to be a home teacher.
Career
From 1907 to 1912, Reichenbach worked as a teacher in several primary schools in Tallinn. She was a keen Esperantist. In 1907, Reichenbach founded the first Estonian Esperanto society with the young journalist Johannes Adolf Rahamägi. The first printed article of Reichenbach was in Esperanto. It appeared in 1908 in the magazine Estlanda Esperantisto. Reichenbach wrote under the pen name Marta Sillaots.
From 1909 Sillaots wrote newspaper articles. She emerged in 1912 as a literary critic in the magazines Eesti Kirjandus and Looming and wrote novels and children's books. Recurring themes in her prose are marriage, women's emancipation, and love.
In 1916, Sillaots chose the profession of a postal clerk and worked at the Tallinn post office until 1919. From 1920 to 1922, she was the foreign news editor at Tallinna Teataja. From 1922 Sillaots lived in Tallinn as a freelance writer and translator.
From 1923 to 1936, she changed her name was Marta Gerland. In 1936, her surname was estonianized as Rannat.
In 1938, Sillaots was admitted to the Union of Estonian Writers.
After the Soviet occupation of Estonia, Sillaots was arrested in 1950. From 1952 to 1955, she lived in exile in the Sverdlovsk Oblast in the Urals. Only in 1955, Sillaots was allowed to return to Tallinn.
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71428719
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madera%20Sugar%20Pine%20Company
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Madera Sugar Pine Company
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By the late 1890s, the Madera Flume and Trading Company was in decline. The reasons were twofold: the available timber tracts were depleting, and there was a decrease in the demand for lumber exports due to a prolonged economic depression. Earlier, the California Lumber Company mills had been permanently closed, and the company itself had declared bankruptcy in 1878. Despite these setbacks, the Madera lumber yard managed to keep running, albeit on a smaller scale, supported by contracted loggers who continued to supply cut logs to the flume.
The Madera Sugar Pine Company (1899–1931)
By the turn of the century, the old-growth white pine of the upper Midwest had become depleted. Sugar pine, with its large size and straight grain, became a highly valued substitute for white pine. This led many established lumber interests to push westward into the Sierra Nevada.
In 1889, Arthur Hill, a Michigan-born timber magnate, and his associates purchased the assets of the Madera Flume and Trading Company and expanded its operations. Its existing logging railroad was extended to newly secured timber tracts, and the flume to Madera was reconstructed. The scale of the operation was expanded to rival the Fresno Flume and Irrigation Company and Sanger Lumber Company, which had sprung up as competitors.
The sugar pine tree became the central symbol for the reincorporated company. It featured in the company's name and logo and became the namesake for the newly constructed company town and state-of-the-art mill.
| 2.3125
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71428740
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma%20Speed%20Fox
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Alma Speed Fox
|
Later activism
She was appointed by Governor Milton Shapp as a co-chair, along with Lynn Scheffey, on the Governor's Commission on the Status of Women which was founded in February 1972 to implement the provisions of the Pennsylvania Equal Rights Amendment. Along with Jo Ann Evansgardner, she was a chair of Shirley Chisholm's presidential campaign in Pennsylvania. In 1975, Fox ran for a seat on the Pittsburgh City Council for the 13th ward. She was also a member of the Pittsburgh Human Relations Commission for thirty years between 1972 and 2002 and a member of the Pittsburgh Housing Authority.
Later life and legacy
She was honored by the Pennsylvania NOW with the Wilma Scott Heide Pioneer Feminist Award in 2007. She was honored in an exhibit titled "In Sisterhood: The Women's Movement in Pittsburgh" at the Pittsburgh Center for the Arts in January 2009. She was honored with a key to the city of Pittsburgh, the highest civilian honor, by Mayor Bill Peduto at a ceremony in October 2018. She was the first woman to receive a key from Peduto.
Fox died on January 24, 2022, at the age of 98.
In March 2023, the city of Pittsburgh honorarily named Kirkpatrick Street in the Hill District "Alma Speed Fox Way"
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71428962
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Kosovo%20crisis%20%282022%E2%80%932025%29
|
North Kosovo crisis (2022–2025)
|
Kosovo formally signed an application to seek candidate status for European Union membership on 14 December 2022, its impending signature resulted in a number of barricades being set up in North Kosovo on 10 December; they were dismantled on 30 December. In Serbia, far-right groups staged protests in support of Kosovo Serbs. In December 2022, Serbia submitted a request to Kosovo Force for the deployment of up to 1,000 Serbian military and police forces in Kosovo, which ended up being rejected in January 2023.
In April local elections were held, boycotted by ethnic Serbs. Based on an extremely low number of votes, ethnic Albanian mayors were elected. On 26 May 2023, Kosovo took control of the North Kosovo municipal buildings by force, to enable the newly elected ethnic Albanian mayors to physically assume office. A civil disturbance occurred, and Serbia put its armed forces on alert. The decision of Kosovo to use force was condemned by the United States and the EU. With mayors unable to perform their duties, in July Kosovo announced that new mayor elections will be held.
On 1 January 2024, Serbia implemented the 2011 agreement and recognised Kosovo license plates.
Background
| 2.21875
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71428975
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spider%20vision
|
Spider vision
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The eyes of spiders vary significantly in their structure, arrangement, and function. They usually have eight, each being a simple eye with a single lens rather than multiple units as in the compound eyes of insects. The specific arrangement and structure of the eyes is one of the features used in the identification and classification of different species, genera, and families. Most haplogynes have six eyes, although some have eight (Plectreuridae), four (e.g., Tetrablemma) or even two (most Caponiidae). In some cave species, there are no eyes at all (e.g. Stalita taenaria). Sometimes one pair of eyes is better developed than the rest. Several families of hunting spiders, such as jumping spiders and wolf spiders, have fair to excellent vision. The main pair of eyes in jumping spiders even sees in colour.
Structure and anatomy
Spiders' eyes are simple eyes, or ocelli (singular ocellus), meaning their eyes have a single cuticular lens above a simple retina. The retina is concave and composed of visual and pigment cells, which lie beneath a cellular vitreous body.
Categorisation
| 3.359375
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71429018
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newmania%20%28plant%29
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Newmania (plant)
|
Newmania is a genus of rhizomatous based flowering plants belonging to the family Zingiberaceae. They are only native to Vietnam, and found in forests.
Description
The common feature to genus Newmania is that they all grow from a rhizome across the ground, then produce a fairly weak false stem and purple-white flowers.
Species Newmania serpens has a weak sheath, the stem can grow up tall, usually bearing 10-15 leaves. The leaf blade is thin and shaped like a narrow ellipse. The leaves have very prominent veining.
There are very few flowers, weak, growing close to the ground, they are purple lips with bright red streaks and white stripes on the bottom and middle of the plate.
In contrast, species Newmania orthostachys has a much stronger sheath stem, the stem can grow up tall and can hold 5-8 leaves. There is a thick leaf blade, like an inverted ellipse with barely visible veining. There is tight and erect inflorescence, which has purple lips, with white stripes on the bottom and middle of the lips.
Taxonomy
The genus name of Newmania is in honour of Mark Fleming Newman (b. 1959) British botanist, who worked at the Botanical Garden in Edinburgh and was a specialist in Zingiberaceae, he had earlier published the Zingiberaceae genus Distichochlamys in 1995, and was also honoured in the name of Alpinia newmanii (in Zingiberaceae family) in 2017.
The genus was circumscribed by botanists Ngọc-Sâm Lý and Jana Škorničková in Taxon vol.60 on page 1390 in 2011.
The genus has been verified by the United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service, but it does not list any species.
3 species were published in 2018, N. cristata, N. gracilis and N. sontraensis. They noted that N. cristata showed signs of vivipary (meaning that instead of reproducing with seeds, there are monocot grasses that can reproduce asexually by creating new plantlets on the spikes).
Species
As accepted by Plants of the World Online;
The type species is Newmania serpens
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71429121
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar%20Milne-Redhead
|
Edgar Milne-Redhead
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Edgar Wolston Bertram Handsley Milne-Redhead (1906-1996) was a British botanist. He was born in Frome, Somerset, UK. Educated at Cheltenham College and Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, he began work at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew in 1928. In 1930, he accepted an offer to work in the Colonial Office in Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia), where he collected plants for herbarium specimens. He was based at Matonchi Farm, west of Mwinilunga, North-Western Province, Zambia, near the borders of Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo for 4½ months. He also collected extensively near Kalene Hill. He discovered many new species, and several were named after him, including Commelina milne-redheadii Faden (Commelinaceae). In 1933, he married artist and illustrator Olive Shaw, with whom he had one daughter.
In 1949, he and others began the process to establish an “Association pour l’Etude Taxonomique de la Flore d’Afrique Tropicale” (or “Association for the Taxonomic Study of the Flora of Tropical Africa”) (AETFAT). He prepared treatments for the Flora of Tropical East Africa and eventually published 161 new names. Returning to the U.K., he was appointed Deputy Keeper of the Herbarium and Library at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and editor of Kew Bulletin, serving from 1959 until 1971. He became president of the Botanical Society of the British Isles, now the Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland, in 1969. His last campaign at Kew was an effort to set up a Conservation Unit, which occurred in 1972. He died in 1996 in Colchester.
| 2.34375
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71429312
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Townsend%20%28entomologist%29
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Mary Townsend (entomologist)
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During one of the periods when Townsend was confined, she wrote Life in the Insect World in 1844. Although it was published anonymously, Lewis wrote to Phebe Hanaford that Townsend was the author and had inspired her to undertake similar studies about nature. Lewis said that she wanted to write "a little work [on birds] as a companion to that of my
friend". The book presented common insects, such as ants, bees, beetles, butterflies, crickets, fireflies, fleas, katydids, locusts, mosquitos, silkworms, spiders, termites, and wasps with descriptions of their appearance and behavior. Written in twenty chapters, the material gave details about the social organization of ants, the life cycles of butterflies, and the use of other insects as food, among other descriptions. These discussions were accompanied by illustrations, which confirmed that she was familiar with the use of microscopes. It is also clear from the texts that in addition to observation, she read materials prepared by other entomologists, and conducted experiments with various insects, as Townsend noted how she studied their eating habits and sounds they produced.
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71429312
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Townsend%20%28entomologist%29
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Mary Townsend (entomologist)
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Along with her older sister, Hannah, Townsend published The Anti-Slavery Alphabet in 1846 for the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society's fair that year. It was first published anonymously, but the author's were disclosed in the January 29, 1847, edition of The Liberator, an anti-slavery newspaper published by William Lloyd Garrison. The book was aimed at teaching children that they could also be activists in the abolition movement, by teaching their friends and avoiding purchases of goods that promoted the slave trade. The book was written in a way to encourage the development of political consciousness and a basic understanding of human rights. In the book, each letter of the alphabet was demonstrated by a word related to slavery, so for example "A" stood for "abolitionist", whereas "B" represented "brothers", indicating that slaves were part of humankind. It was reprinted in 1847 and distributed at anti-slavery fairs as a fundraising publication.
Near the end of her life, Townsend was writing with a "younger sister" a children's book giving a rhymed account of England's history. Fredrika Bremer discusses the writing of this book during her 1847 to 1851 journey to America, and says that she had visited Townsend. Bremer noted that although Townsend was unable to read or write because of her progressive eye problems, she was able to dictate her work.
| 3.359375
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71429370
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shams%C4%AByah
|
Shamsīyah
|
Mesopotamia was largely Christian by the third century AD. The sun god Shamash (also called Utu in Sumerian) is recorded in ancient Mesopotamian sources from the earliest periods and his cult was particularly strong in Syria and northern Mesopotamia; many early churches in the region were repurposed pagan sun-temples (like churches, these faced east towards the rising sun). The important 5th-century Syriac Orthodox monastery Mor Hananyo, located near Mardin, was built on top of an ancient temple dedicated to Shamash. The present inhabitants of the region connect the builders of the ancient sun-temples to the later Shamsīyah.
In addition to ancient Mesopotamian beliefs, the Shamsīyah may have been influenced by Yazidism (Yazidis also pray facing the sun) and perhaps Gnosticism and Zoroastrianism. The Turkish historian Ugur Ümit Üngör has described the Shamsīyah as "archaic sun-worshippers" and believed them to mostly have their religious origin among the Zoroastrians. The Shamsīyah might have been connected to the "Sabians" of Harran, another poorly understood Mesopotamian sect active in the early Middle Ages; the Harran Sabians have also been suggested to have been adherents of the ancient Mesopotamian religion.
Medieval records
Armenian records demonstrate knowledge of the Shamsīyah from at least the fifth century AD onwards.
| 2.640625
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71429394
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ami%20Nakai
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Ami Nakai
|
is a Japanese figure skater. She is the 2023 World Junior bronze medalist, the 2024–25 Junior Grand Prix Final bronze medalist, a six-time medalist on the ISU Junior Grand Prix (four gold, one silver, one bronze), and the 2022–23 Japanese junior bronze medalist.
Personal life
Nakai was born on April 27, 2008 in Niigata, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. She is currently a student at Ichikawa Municipal Junior High School in Ichikawa, Chiba.
Career
Nakai began figure skating in 2013. She originally practiced rhythmic gymnastics but ultimately switched to figure skating after being inspired by watching Mao Asada perform on TV when she was five years old. Nakai originally trained at the Ibis SC in Niigata under coaches, Kousuke Watabe and Izumi Watabe. While there, Nakai got to meet Asada when she used Nakai's training rink to practice for an ice show in Niigata. Asada also gave Nakai a private skating lesson.
Nakai would start practicing and landing triple axels in her fifth year of elementary school.
On the basic novice level, Nakai finished fourteenth at the 2017–18 Japan Novice Championships and would go on to win gold at the 2018–19 Japan Novice Championships. Due to the latter result, Nakai was invited to skate in the gala at the 2019 World Team Trophy.
As an advanced novice skater, Nakai finished fifth at the 2019–20 Japan Novice Championships. The following year, she won bronze at the 2020–21 Japan Novice Championships and with this result, was invited to compete at the 2020–21 Japan Junior Championships where she placed sixth.
In spring 2021, Nakai moved with her mother from her hometown of Niigata, Niigata Prefecture to Funabashi, Chiba Prefecture so that Nakai could train at the MF Figure Skating Academy, while her father remained in Niigata due to his work. Kensuke Nakaniwa, Makoto Nakata, Momoe Nagumo, Aya Tanoue, and Akane Seo became Nakai's new coaching team.
| 2.03125
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71429714
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgian%20refugees%20in%20Britain%20during%20the%20First%20World%20War
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Belgian refugees in Britain during the First World War
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Crosby Hall, in Chelsea, London is the only surviving secular domestic medieval building in London and former Tudor home of Sir Thomas More. It housed and aided Belgian refugees and wounded soldiers during the First World War through the Chelsea War Refugees Committee. The experience of the exiles and charitable aid provided at Crosby Hall were described in detail by the British author and Chelsea resident, Henry James. A memorial plaque affixed inside Crosby Hall after the war was made "to commemorate the gratitude of Belgian exiles to the Chelsea War Refugee Committee which from Crosby Hall, during the Great War, dispensed hospitality, organized relief for our persecuted and exiles compatriots and aided our maimed soldiers to regain their independence. 1914-1919."
Dartford is the principal town in the Borough of Dartford, Kent. The demand created by World War I meant that output at the local Vickers factory multiplied, with a positive effect on the local economy. Burroughs-Wellcome chemical works (later incorporated into GlaxoSmithKline) made Dartford a centre for the pharmaceutical industry. During the war, many Belgian refugees arrived in the town. Unable to accommodate them all, many people were housed with volunteers.
The Porch House, is a large Georgian house, dating from the late 18th century, in Nantwich, Cheshire, England. Currently divided into two houses, the Porch House has previously served as a day and boarding school. During the First World War it housed refugees from Belgium, leading to the house being popularly called "Belgium House".
| 2.53125
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71429714
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgian%20refugees%20in%20Britain%20during%20the%20First%20World%20War
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Belgian refugees in Britain during the First World War
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Violet Florence Mabel Mond, Baroness Melchett, DBE (1867–1945), née Goetze, was a British humanitarian and activist. She was the sister of the painter and sculptor Sigismund Goetze. In 1894 she married the businessman and politician Alfred Mond, who had been introduced to her by her brother. She was an active political hostess and worker, first for the Liberal Party and then, after her husband changed allegiance in 1928, for the Conservative Party. She worked hard to promote her husband's political career and used her influence with David Lloyd George to secure Mond's appointment to ministerial office in December 1916. As First Commissioner of Public Works, Mond proposed the idea of a national war museum in February 1917. Lady Mond wished to play an active part in the success of this venture. As a member of the Women's Work Sub-Committee, Lady Mond was asked to undertake the gathering of information on home hospitals. She appears to have been very diligent. In the autumn of 1914, Sir Alfred Mond had enthusiastically supported a scheme proposed by Herbert J. Paterson for a hospital for officers. Reportedly, Mond took only two minutes to give the idea his assent and financial backing, and the Queen Alexandra's Hospital for Officers at Highgate was established. The hospital received nine hundred of the worst cases, and its reputation and record were both noble and happy. Original surgical treatments were evolved and many officers owe the full use of their limbs to the care in convalescence at Melchet Court. Violet Mond herself had turned her country home, Melchet Court, Hampshire, into a sixty-bed convalescent hospital, and opened her London home to Belgian refugees. For these services she was appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in the 1920 Birthday Honours.
| 2.140625
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71429714
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgian%20refugees%20in%20Britain%20during%20the%20First%20World%20War
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Belgian refugees in Britain during the First World War
|
Jef Denyn (1862–1941) was a carillonneur from Mechelen. In 1922, he founded the world's first and most renowned international higher institute of campanology, later named after him, the Royal Carillon School "Jef Denyn" in Mechelen. During the First World War, he, his wife Helene, his son and his four daughters were among those Belgian refugees who fled to England. The Denyn family were taken in by organist and musicologist William Wooding Starmer in his house in Tunbridge Wells.
Dame Elizabeth Mary Cadbury, DBE (née Taylor; 1858–1951), was an English philanthropist and wife of George Cadbury, the chocolate manufacturer. She and her husband played a great role in the development of Bournville and opened the 200th house there herself. In 1909 she opened the Woodland Hospital, which became the Royal Orthopaedic Hospital. She also built The Beeches, to provide holidays for slum children. Throughout her life she campaigned for the education and welfare of women as a convinced but non-militant suffragist. An active pacifist she was the first chair of the Peace and International Relations Committee of the National Council of Women, established in 1914. In 1916 she was elected to the National Peace Council, becoming its treasurer and then its vice-president. Along with Lady Aberdeen, Millicent Fawcett, and Mrs Corbett Ashby, she pressed for the inclusion of women's issues in the agenda of the Congress of Versailles. She was an energetic supporter of the League of Nations Union. During the Second World War, she worked with Belgian refugees, and after that war continued her efforts with the International Council of Women.
| 2.578125
| 0
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71429871
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kateryna%20Buzhynska
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Kateryna Buzhynska
|
Kateryna Volodymyrivna Buzhynska (; born 13 August 1979) is a Ukrainian singer. Possessing a mezzo-soprano range, she is a laureate of numerous song contests and a People's Artist of Ukraine. She sings in Ukrainian, Russian, English, Italian, Spanish, Hebrew and Bulgarian.
Life and career
Early life
Buzhynska was born as Kateryna Volodymyrivna Yashchuk on 13 August 1979 in Norilsk, where she lived for three years. Later, the family moved to Chernivtsi, her mother's home town. When she began her career, she performed under her father's surname Yashchuk; later, she took her mother's surname, Buzhynska.
The successes of Yashchuk at the start of her career were connected with the children's ensemble "Ringing Voices" at the Palace of Pioneers in Chernivtsi and teacher Maria Kogos, who studied with another well-known pop singer Ani Lorak. Yashchuk has also worked at the Chernivtsi Philharmonic. In 1994, Buzhynska became a finalist in the Channel One Russia program "Morning Star". After finishing the 9th grade of Serednia School No. 33, in 1993, she attended Chernivtsi Art School. In 1995, Buzhynska became the winner of the prestigious Ukrainian song contests "Divograi", "Primrose", "Colorful Dreams", and "Chervona Ruta".
1996–1999: Early career
In 1996, Buzhynska took part in the "Veselad" festival and won the first Grand Prix. In the same year, at the invitation of her producer Yuriy Kvelenkov, she went to Kyiv, where, after passing the exams, she entered the second year of the Kyiv Institute of Music at "Pop Vocals" department, where she studied vocals with Tetyana Rusova.
| 2.03125
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71430055
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossirarus
|
Ossirarus
|
Description
A unique characteristic of Ossirarus is the presence of a large, pointed tabular horn. Ossirarus also exhibits features similar to stem-amniotes, such as a contact between the tabular and parietal bones, and separation between the exoccipital and basioccipital bones. At the same time, more primitive features are also present, like an intertemporal bone.
At an estimated of skull length and of total length, Ossirarus was much smaller than Late Devonian and Tournaisian tetrapods like Pederpes, and more comparable in size to later Viséan genera from East Kirkton Quarry such as Balanerpeton. Unlike the terrestrial East Kirkton tetrapods, Ossirarus was more adapted for an aquatic or amphibious life and less reliant on vision, having lateral line canals in the skull as well as proportionally smaller orbits.
Ecology
The deposit in which Ossirarus was found belonged to a floodplain environment, more specifically a marsh or seasonal water body evaporating during the dry season. Ossirarus shared its environment with the stem-tetrapod Aytonerpeton, as well as rhizodonts, actinopterygians, chondrichthyans and lungfish. Atmospheric oxygen was stable above 16%.
Phylogeny
A provisional 2024 phylogenetic study recovered Ossirarus as a stem-tetrapod, placing it crownward of most Devonian genera, but branching before the Devonian Ymeria, Tulerpeton and Brittagnathus.
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71430591
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangsheng%20%28Daoism%29
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Yangsheng (Daoism)
|
Yangsheng practices underwent significant changes from the Song dynasty (960–1279) onward. They integrated many elements drawn from neidan ("inner alchemy") practices, and aroused the interest of scholars. For the Song dynasty alone, there are about twenty books on the subject. An important author of the time was Zhou Shouzhong (周守中), who wrote the Yangsheng leizuan (養生類纂, "Classified Compendium on Nourishing Life"), the Yangsheng yuelan (養生月覽, "Monthly Readings on Nourishing Life"), and other books. Famous Song literati and poets, such as Su Shi (1007–1072) and Su Dongpo (1037–1101), wrote extensively about their longevity practices. The Song author Chen Zhi's (陳直) Yanglao Fengqin Shu (養老奉親書, "Book on Nourishing Old Age and Taking Care of One's Parents") was the first Chinese work dealing exclusively with geriatrics. Along the development of Neo-Confucianism and the growth of syncretism among Daoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism in the Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1644–1912) periods, a number of ethical elements were incorporated into yangsheng.
| 1.929688
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71431251
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umberto%20Masotto
|
Umberto Masotto
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On 1 March 1896, the Battle of Adwa took place where the brave service of the indigenous Mountain Artillerymen and Mountain Batteries appeared, who, being part of Major De Rosa's Artillery Brigade, fought with the column of General Matteo Albertone, formed entirely by Eritrean battalions, it was composed of four artillery batteries: two indigenous and the two so-called "Sicilian", commanded respectively by Captains Edoardo Bianchini and Masotto. The column marched rapidly until it exceeded the indicated objective, went further and came near the Abyssinian camp with the information being learnt that the Abyssinians had more than a hundred thousand men and with the Italians just eighteen thousand men. The column, which had moved away from the Raja towards the Semaiata due to a fatal misunderstanding, finding itself isolated from the other two, was attacked by the Ethiopians just as the two batteries were parading along an uncomfortable mountainous path as the Italians began to lose the battle. The Ethiopian forces screamed and the confusion was aggravated by a cloud of smoke that rose from the stubble ignited by the Ethiopian artillery shells. For a while, it seemed that the four batteries had managed to repel the adversaries, but they returned to the attack more numerous than before. General Albertone gave the order to retreat to the remains of the Eritrean battalions, but not to all, since the two "Sicilian" batteries were ordered to remain in place, to fire until the last shot and to sacrifice themselves to cover the retreat.
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71431576
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plinths%20of%20Yeongeunmun%20Gate%2C%20Seoul
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Plinths of Yeongeunmun Gate, Seoul
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On April 17, 1895, Joseon had materialized its full diplomatic independence from the Qing dynasty by the conclusion of Treaty of Shimonoseki between the Empire of Japan and the Qing dynasty which was result of the First Sino-Japanese War. The Joseon government led by the Gaehwa Party desired to commemorate the abandonment of Sadae and emphasize the status of Joseon as a fully independent state. This desire was realized by Korean-American political activist Doctor Soh Jaipil. He suggested building a new symbolic gate styled as a Triumphal arch, at the site looking down on the remnants of the Yeongeunmun, to symbolize the independent state of Joseon around the world. The name of the newly proposed gate was to be Dongnimmun (Independence Gate). The construction of the Dongnimmun started in November of 1896 and finished around 1898. In this context, Dongnimmun and the Plinths of Yeongeunmun Gate, were both designated as Historic Sites of South Korea in same day in January of 1963, as a set together embodying Joseon's independent status.
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71432456
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malmbergets%20AIF
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Malmbergets AIF
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Malmbergets Almänna Idrottsförening, MAIF, is a multi-sport club from Malmberget, Norrbotten, Sweden. The club has been most successful in team handball and Nordic skiing.
History
The club was founded on 22 February 1904. Initially, the club arranged Nordic skiing and cross-country running contests, whereas the construction of a football pitch started in 1905. The club was «restructured» in 1916, and incorporated the wrestling club BK Thule in 1917 and the skiing club Malmbergets SF in 1920. The club's first great athlete was the wrestler J. Välima, who became Swedish champion in 1919 and competed at the 1921 World Championships.
In 1936 the bandy section was discontinued, but it was replaced by an ice hockey section in 1944. An orienteering section was also added, in 1943. In 1951, alpine skiing commenced, and ski orienteering was added in 1975.
The men's football team was promoted to Division 4 in 1955 and Division 3 the following year. They were however relegated from the 1956–57 Swedish football Division 3.
In 1957 the club added sections for tennis and handball, followed by volleyball in 1976. In 1960 the indoor arena Sporthallen was inaugurated, seeing a boxing exhibition with Floyd Patterson in 1965. It was then one of the venues of the 1967 World Men's Handball Championship.
While Malmbergets AIF got several national champions in various sports, Kurt Elimä became an Olympic ski jumper in the 1960s. Lena Carlzon-Lundbäck was a dominating cross-country skier in the 1970s, whereas Lina Andersson broke through in the late 1990s.
The handball teams also saw success. Malmberget's women's team became runners-up in the Swedish championship of 1973. The men's team made the playoff to the highest league in 1970, and finally succeeded to qualify for the 1975–76 Allsvenskan. The season ended in relegation. Malmberget was later a venue in the 1994 European Men's Handball Championship qualification.
| 1.984375
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71432485
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik%20Torm
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Frederik Torm
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Frederik Emanuel Torm (24 August 1870 – 3 November 1953) was a Danish theologian.
He was born in Tschifu, China as a son of ship-owner Ditlev Torm (1836–1907) and Elise H. M. Zoëga (1846–1918). His father was a shipmaster in East Aia until the early 1870s. In July 1904 in Copenhagen he married teacher Elisif Thaulow (1877–1958).
After finishing his secondary education in 1888 he took the cand.theol. degree in 1894, and conducted further studies in Europe until 1897. In 1901 he took the lic.theol. degree and became professor at the University of Copenhagen in 1903. He published on the New Testament and subscribed to conservative theology. He was the rector of the University of Copenhagen from 1924 to 1925.
Torm opposed the contents of the 1920 publication Jødefaren, known as the Danish edition of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion. Torm's writings on the subject spread to Norway as well. In the 1930s he continued as an active writer against Antisemitism, publishing Jødefolket og Verdenshistorien in late 1939, as well as Kirkekampen i Tyskland 1933–39 about the relations between church and state in Nazi Germany. Torm also edited the journal Teologisk Tidsskrift from 1899 to 1937. He was decorated as a Knight of the Order of Dannebrog in 1920, eventually being upgraded to Commander, First Class in 1940, and also received Dannebrogordenens Hæderstegn in 1925.
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71433032
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime%20in%20Addis%20Ababa
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Crime in Addis Ababa
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Crime in Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia, is safer in comparison of other African cities. However, there are a number of crimes within the city including theft, scams, mugging, robbery and others. Rural-urban migration and unemployment has been preliminary factors affecting the city by elevating crime rate.
Snatch theft such mobile purse snatching is common. According to Central Statistical Authority 2015 census, the total unemployment rate in Addis Ababa was 21.2% of which male accounting for 14.4% and females 28.6%. This signifies more idleness of young people which lead them to commit crime.
Overview
Criminal activities in Addis Ababa is safer than to most African cities. However, there was report of some minor crimes in the city. Scams, petty theft and mugging are the commonplace and there is smaller number of incidents such as sexual harassment of women and robbery. Criminal gangs are known to use distraction technique including begging or feigning illness. In addition, robberies are increasing in public site of Addis Ababa and especially prevalent at nighttime.
Types of crime
Socioeconomic factors can influence people's lives and their behavior and subsequent youth unemployment leads to crime in Addis Ababa, with particular reference to Addis Ketema sub-city woreda 8. According to the Ethiopian Federal Police Commission 2016 report, Addis Ababa is the second city in the Oromia Region in terms of frequency of criminal activity annually. In the same year, the Addis Ababa Police Commission reported that 47,890 crimes were registered ranges from property crimes of theft, snatch theft, robbery, fraud, and breach of trust were frequent crimes.
Thus, the crime rate in Addis Ababa is fluctuating year by year; accordingly, about 69,301 crimes were happened in the year 2013, 56,242 in 2015 while 64,437 in 2017.
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71433035
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trandafiru
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Trandafiru
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In a tale from Siebenbürgen, published by author in German language magazine Das Ausland with the title Von der Schlange, die ein Weib gebar ("About the Snake that a Woman gave birth to"), a couple that have been together for 20 years long for a child. One day, the woman passes by a garden and smells a flower. She becomes pregnant and gives birth to a snake, which she feeds with milk. After 10 years, the snake - the size of a balaur - asks his parents to ask for the hand of the emperor's daughter in marriage. The princess asks for her suitor to build a palace, with fruitful trees alongside a road between both palaces. The snake fulfills the task and marries the princess. On the wedding night, he takes off his snakeskin and becomes a prince. Time passes, and the princess takes off the snakeskin to burn it in the oven. The snakeskin is burnt, and her husband curses the princess not to give birth to their child until he places his hand on her again, then some iron rings involve her belly. The snake son (now human) disappears and works for another king as a cowherd. He takes the cows to graze in a forest that belongs to a Zmeu, which attacks him. The cowherd defests the zmeu and gains the king's favour and the hand of the king's daughter. At the same court, the princess (the Emperor's daughter), who has been searching for her husband for 20 years, recognizes him and goes to his room at night, to plead for him to touch her belly so she can give birth to their son. The man awakes and touches her.
| 2.5
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71433035
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trandafiru
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Trandafiru
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Romanian folklorist Lazăr Șăineanu summarized another Transylvanian tale titled Ficiorul moşului or Feciorulǔ Moşului ("Old Man's Son"). In this tale, an old woman raises a snake child. When he is of age, he asks for the princess's hand in marriage. They marry. On the wedding night, the snake man takes off the snakeskin and becomes a human man. The princess takes the snakeskin and burns, but her husband curses her not to give birth to their child until he places his hand on her, and iron rings spring around her belly. She begins her long quest, and is helped by St. Miercuri (Holy Wednesday), who gives her a shirt made of cobwebs; by St. Veneri (Holy Friday), who gives her a fuse of golden threads, and by St. Dumineca (Holy Sunday), who gives her a bag of cobwebs. The princess, heavily pregnant, finds her husband as a servant, working under Muma Padurii, a witch that lives in the forest. The princess bribes Mama Padurii to talk to her husband, and manages to make him remember. According to Romanian scholarship, the tale was printed in political publication , by one Oreste.
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71433035
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trandafiru
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Trandafiru
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Transylvanian linguist Heinrich von Wlislocki collected and published a tale from the Romani with the title Das Schlangenkind ("The Snake-Child"). In this tale, a poor couple laments not having a son. One day, the woman is fetching firewood in the forest and sees a beautiful flower. She leans down to get it, but the flower is pulled down in the ground. The woman tries to pluck it, but feels that something is pulling it down. The woman lets it be, but mutters to herself that at least she gets to smell it. The woman goes back home and senses she is pregnant. Her husband comments that the event might be the work of a "Phuvush" (Romani language: Pçuvuš, a sort of earth spirit). Nine months later, the woman gives birth to a snake, and the couple decide to shelter it from the world at large by hiding it in a dark room in their house. Twenty years pass, the snake son wishes to see the outside world, but his mother warns him against it since people might hurt or kill him. The snake son tells his mother not to worry: whenever people try to attack him, sparks fly out of the snake's body to injure the people, so he is left alone. Near the couple's house, a widow lives with her daughter, who is kind to the snake son, throwing him apples to feed him. The snake son talks to the girl he wants to marry her, and she answers that she will marry him if he fills her apron with gold. The snake son approaches her and spits gold coins from his mouth into her apron. The girl marries him. On the wedding night, the snake son asks his wife to spit at his mouth three times. The girl obeys; the snake son takes off the snakeskin and becomes a handsome youth. They live like this for a year. The girl, however, decides to burn the snakeskin and keep him in human form for good. One night, she takes the snakeskin and burns it in the oven. The snake husband wakes up and tries to salvage whatever can remain of the snakeskin, but cannot, so he curses his wife not to give birth until he touches her again, as a payback for burning his snakeskin
| 2.640625
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71433713
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad%20ibn%20Ahmad%20al-Aqili
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Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Aqili
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Birth and upbringing
Al-Aqili was born in Sabya, belonging to the Jazan region in the south of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1336 AH corresponding to 1916, and studied at the hands of the teacher Muhammad Khamis Bagbeer in Sabya. Then he read from his father the principles of jurisprudence and Arabic language grammar, then he studied under Sheikh Ahmed Al-Ahdal in Sabya also, then he studied in the circle of Sheikh Aqil bin Ahmed in Jazan.
Career
Al-Aqili worked in the Ministry of Finance, Jazan branch in 1356 AH, and moved in its various departments until he reached the rank of Director of the Revenue Department in 1369 AH.
In the year 1377 AH, Al-Aqili was chosen to work in the orphanage in Jazan, and then joined the labor office to work there.
Al-Aqili was also chosen as a member of the Municipal Council and the Administrative Council in Jazan.
In 1395 AH, Al-Aqili founded the Jazan Literary Club and continued as its president until 1400 AH.
Al-Aqili was awarded at the first conference of Saudi writers in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in 1394 AH corresponding to 1974 the Gold Pioneer Medal for Saudi Pioneers.
He donated his private library to King Saud University in Riyadh in 1408 AH corresponding to 1987.
Books
Al-Aqili has written many books of literature, poetry and investigation, more than thirty books, including:
| 2.21875
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71434225
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendy%20Edwards
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Wendy Edwards
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The "Nets" paintings are layered works that Edwards began with large, looping swirls of wet underpainting applied with a rag or wide brush, over which she squeezed out stringy extrusions of rounded paint lines using pastry tools; the fragile, sometimes breaking tendrils seem to knot briefly at intersections and expand or contract across surfaces, suggesting latticeworks, webs, veils or fishnets undulating underwater (e.g., Mermaid, 2004). The delicate patterns and jewel-like surfaces create contrasts involving surface, form, depth and embellishment as they separate from or blend into more powerful background strokes. Thematically, the paintings explore contrary notions of exposure and coverage, containment, and seepage. In subsequent net paintings, Edwards introduced vase-like forms as metaphorical stand-ins for the female body (Gathered, 2011; Urchin, 2013).
In the latter 2000s, Edwards began incorporating flower-like doodles into her compositions as loose patterns, for example, outlining gray-blue forms over the pure orange color field of Wake Up (2007). She painted more voluminous floral abstractions in subsequent works (Dreamboat, 2013), some of them nestled together like scoops of ice cream or in larger networks, as in Tipper (2012), which incorporated squirmy, yellow cut and collaged fragments from a Mexican oilcloth. In later works, Edwards employed a greater degree of color-containing lines and abstraction, suggesting the influence of Van Gogh's flower paintings, as in Mounting (2019), which consists of blue and violet iris petal that seem to tumble onto a field swiped with large, loose lemon-lime arcs.
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71434323
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89douard%20de%20Fitz-James%2C%206th%20Duke%20of%20Fitz-James
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Édouard de Fitz-James, 6th Duke of Fitz-James
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During the Hundred Days in 1815, he went to Ghent with Louis XVIII before returning to Paris and taking his place in the Chamber of Peers where he was known for his ultraroyalist views. On 21 October 1815, he put forth a vote of thanks to the Duke of Angoulême.
He distinguished himself during the trial of Marshal Michel Ney, judged by the Chamber of Peers, by insisting on death penalty, the verdict which he brought to the Palais des Tuileries on 6 December 1815. He also played a role in the trial brought against Gen. Henri Gatien Bertrand, his brother-in-law, by publishing a letter in which he claimed that the general had taken an oath to Louis XVIII.
From 10 January 1835 to 11 November 1838, he represented Haute-Garonne in the third legislature.
Personal life
On 2 May 1797, Édouard married Elisabeth "Betsy" Alexandrine Le Vassor de la Touche de Longpré (1775–1816) in England. She was a daughter of François Le Vassor de La Touche de Longpré and the former Anne Girardin de Montgerald. Before her death in 1816, they were the parents of:
Antoinette Alexandrine Claudine de Fitz-James (1799–1837), who died unmarried.
Jacques Marie Emmanuel de Fitz-James (1803–1846), who married Marguerite de Marmier, a daughter of Philippe-Gabriel de Marmier, 1st Duke of Marmier, in 1826.
Henri Charles François de Fitz-James (1805–1883), who married Cécile de Poilly, daughter of Charles de Poilly, in Rome in 1833.
After the death of his first wife, he remarried to Antoinette Françoise Sidonie de Choiseul (1777–1862) on 6 December 1819 in Paris. She was a daughter of Gabriel de Choiseul-Daillecourt and the former Adélaïde de Gouffier d'Heilly. She was the widow of Alexandre du Moucel, Marquess of Torcy from whom she inherited from him the Château de La Rivière-Bourdet near Rouen.
The Duke of Fitz-James died at the Château de La Rivière-Bourdet in Quevillon on 15 November 1838 and was succeeded in the dukedom by his son, Jacques.
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71434637
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyriakos%20Nicolaou
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Kyriakos Nicolaou
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Kyriakos Nicolaou (Greek: Κυριάκος Νικολάου) (10 October 1918 – 1981) was a Cypriot archaeologist who worked for the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus.
Life and works
Kyriakos Nicolaou was born in Rizokarpaso in 1918. He attained his primary education in Cyprus, and further education in London. He got a B.A. Hons in Classics from University College London under professor T.B.L. Webster. He studied Practical Archaeology at the UCL Institute of Archaeology under professors Mortimer Wheeler and Gordon Childe. Nicolaou earned his PhD at the University of Gothenburg. After returning to Cyprus he started working at the Department of Antiquities in 1957, first as an Archaeological Officer (1957-1961), then as Assistant Curator of the Cyprus Museum (1961-1964) and finally as Curator of the Cyprus Museum (1964-1978).
In 1955 he was appointed Assistant Archaeological Survey Officer. In 1956 he excavated in Enkomi under Porphyrios Dikaios and Claude Schaeffer, additionally in the same year he excavated in Salamis together with Vassos Karageorghis. Later in 1959 while Nicolaou was an Archaeological Officer he was appointed as the head of the Archaeological Survey after the departure of Hector Catling in 1959, after the independence of Cyprus. He surveyed a major part of the district of Kerynia and the Yialias valley in central Cyprus. Later as Assistant Curator he contributed to the management of various museums and conducted excavations, especially in the district of Pafos. Finally as Curator he was responsible for the management of the Cyprus Museum as well as District and Local Museums. He reorganised the exhibition rooms and the storage rooms of the Cyprus Museum and founded the District Museums of Famagusta, Larnaca, Limassol and Pafos, the Local Museums at Kouklia and Episkopi and the Museum of Folk Art and the Shipwreck Museum in Kyrenia. He retired from the Department of Antiquities in 1979.
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71435396
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wannenburgh
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Wannenburgh
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Wannenburgh is an old and relatively rare South German toponymic surname meaning "tub[-shaped] castle", or "tub[-shaped] mountain" in the case of Wannenberg(h). The "Wan[n]enburg" spelling appears later (circa 1471) than the earlier "Wahne[n]bergen" and "Wanenberg[h]" spellings in Germanic records. Among variant forms are Wannenberg(h), Wanenbergh, Wanenberc(h), Wanenberg(e), and Wa(h)ne(n)berg(en [medieval plural form]).
In medieval literature, the "gh" digraph is usually replaced with a "ch". Renaissance-era Dutch Republic archives have it written as Wannenbúrg(h). The Schleswig-Holsteinische Regesten und Urkunden refers to the first instance of someone bearing this family name as early as 1162—namely the ministerialis and advocatus ('Vogt zu Verden'), Conrad I von Wanebergen, of Verden an der Aller in Lower Saxony. Conrad I, whose ancestors likely also lived near the Weser, was a vassal of Henry the Lion by 1162. The oldest variant form, Wa(h)nebergen, is notably found in the Verdener Urkundenbuches or Urkundenbuch der Bischöfe und des Domkapitels von Verden and Wilhelm Freiherr von Hodenberg's Lüneburger Urkundenbuch: Archiv des Klosters St. Johannis zu Walsrode.
Etymology
The exact etymological origin of the earliest variant form, Wa(h)ne(n)bergen, was inter-textually reviewed and debated between the early and mid-1800s by Wilhelm von Hodenberg (a distant relation of the early Wahnebergen knights through the Counts of Hoya), Ernst Peter Johann Spangenberg, Wilhelm von Hammerstein-Loxten, and Christoph Gottlieb Pfannkuche.
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71435396
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wannenburgh
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Wannenburgh
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Spangenberg and Hammerstein-Loxten explore that the family were also possibly recorded as 'von Bergen' (with less certainty) and 'de Monte' (an unastute Latinised form meaning 'from the mountain') which infinitesimally may or may not correctly speak to the etymological origin of the surname. The Latinised form of the name used in the late 1100s and early 1200s arising from Latin's role as Roman Catholicism's lingua franca throughout Europe and therefore being the primary language used for church records, may have muddled the original root of the name. Hodenburg believes there to be no verifiable blood connection between the 'dynastae' von Wa(h)ne(n)bergen and the 'dynasten' de Monte/vom Berge of Minden and also suggests that their name likely came from the rural farming village of Wahnebergen near Verden ('Amt Westen') which may have also been a von Wahnebergen feudal possession for a time. The present-day village of Wahnebergen claims the reverse—that it was the village that took its name from the Wahnebergen family. Christian Ulrich Grupen (1766) cites the von Wahnebergen as 'dynastae' (dynasts) and 'viri nobiles' (noblemen) and singularly reasons that their family status was similar to that enjoyed by the Edelherren von Westen at one point.
| 2
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71435396
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wannenburgh
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Wannenburgh
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Pfannkuche entertains the theory that the de Monte and von Wahnebergen families were two branches of the same dynasty holding secular church offices (Vogtei Verden and Vogtei Minden) in Verden and Minden but came from the same source. Spangenberg affirms that the von Wahnebergen family must have held significant power in the High Middle Ages (and possibly earlier) to have enabled the Bishopric of Verden under Iso von Wölpe to at last gain autonomy over the surrounding agrarian territories predominantly through their negotiated renouncement to the office of Vogt zu Verden, the waived von Westen bequest, and the expedited sale and surrender of numerous feudal dominions comprising farming villages, windmills, and access/water rights to nearby rivers. The connection (if any) between the von dem Berge/vom Berge and Wahnebergen is further muddled by a Hildesheim cathedral provost named Johannes de Monte (1219-1230) who was erroneously thought to be Conrad I von Wahnebergen's nephew, but is more likely a similarly named vom Berge/von dem Berge (of Minden) relation of Prince-Bishop Iso von Wölpe of Verden.
Medieval decline, migration, and variant forms
These variant forms likely arose from early phonetic spellings, widespread illiteracy, and various contending vernaculars alongside 'Vulgar' and Classical Latin which influenced orthography (spelling) and phonology (stress or accent) used in Lower Saxony and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, respectively—particularly during the Obotrite ascendancy and Ostsiedlung of the High and Late Middle Ages in Brandenburg and Mecklenburg.
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71435448
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kass%C3%A9%20Mady%20Diabat%C3%A9
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Kassé Mady Diabaté
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Kassé Mady Diabaté (1949, in Kela, Kangaba, Mali – May 24, 2018, in Bamako) was a Malian singer, musician and griot. His soft and particular voice with deep undertones – an atypical characteristic for a griot – earned him the nickname "The golden voice of Mali". He is considered, together with Salif Keita, as one of the greatest Mandinka artists of his generation.
Early life and education
Kassé Mady Diabaté was born in Kela town in Koulikoro Region, known as the capital of griots with a rich musical tradition. The Diabaté family was one of the two biggest griots families. Their ancestor Morykaba Diabaté took part in fighting with Soundjata in the 13th century.
He is a nephew of a notable Malian griot Siramori Diabaté. His grandfather Bintu'amma was a well-known musician and master of ngoni. His brother Abdoulaye Diabaté is a famous singer and guitarist.
Music career
In the early 1970s Kassé Mady Diabaté started singing with Super Mande band led by his brother Abdoulaye Diabaté. After assisting them in winning the 1973 Biennale festival, he was recruited by Las Maravillas de Mali. This band had recently returned from eight years in Cuba. Around 1976, the band changed its name to National Badema du Mali, but by the mid-1980s, its big band sound was no longer popular. Kassé Mady joined the expanding number of West African musicians who immigrated to Paris, where he released two solo albums. Fodé was released in 1989 and featured hi-tech sounds. A year later, he released a more acoustic album Kela Tradition, which featured an epic rendition of the traditional ballad Kulanjan. He participated in several transversal projects, notably inspired by flamenco or blues.
In 1994 he participated in Songhai 2 album recording by Toumani Diabaté.
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71435543
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banauli%20Vidyapati%20Dih
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Banauli Vidyapati Dih
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Banauli Vidyapati Dih () is a historical place related to the great Maithili poet Vidyapati. It is located at Banauli village of Mahottari district in Madhesh Pradesh of Mithila region in Nepal.
It is 3.8 miles or 6.116 kilometres South-West from the historical, cultural and religious city of Janakpur Dham in Nepal. It is believed that when the Mughal emperor arrested the King Sivasimha of Mithila, then the King said to his friend and priest Vidyapati to flew his wife Lakhima Devi into the neighbouring country Nepal at his friends kingdom Banauli Raj. Dronwara Puraditya was the King of Banauli Raj Kingdom. Vidyapati and the queen Lakhima Devi took asylum at the court of Dronwara Puraditya. It is said that they lived here for twelve years. Vidyapati wrote many books there. The Government of Madhesh Pradesh declared it as a tourist centre.
History
The presence of the place is recorded in the poem “Trishit” of Kali Kant Jha. There is a library called as Vidyapati Memorial Library near the site in the Banauli village of Nepal. There is a very big pond named as Lakshmi Sagar near the site. The site has been also recorded as the site of the capital of King Puraditya of Dronwara Dynasty Kingdom in the ancient Mithila. Dronwara Puraditya was the friend of another great Emperor King Sivasimha of Oiniwar dynasty in Mithila. According to the poem "Trishit" the Maithili poet Vidyapati wrote his books Bhagavat, Durga Bhakti and Tarangini here. According to a journal article "CREDIT SYSTEM IN MITHILA" at JSTOR, Vidyapati wrote his famous book Likhanavali at the court of King Dronwara Puraditya in Raj Banauli around Lakshman Samvat 299 ( 1418 AD ). Likhanavali is an important work of Vidyapati for the study of administrative, cultural and socio-economic life of early 15th century in Mithila.
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71435635
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad%20Abd%20al-Ghafur%20Attar
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Ahmad Abd al-Ghafur Attar
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Attar then turned to the story and theatre. He released his short story collection I want to see God (Urīdu an ará Allāh) in 1947, and the play Migration (Hijra) in the same year. In the 1950s, he translated from Bengali the play Red Oleanders by Tagore, 1951. Then he wrote his autobiography in 1981, Between prison and exile (Bayna al-sijn wa-al-manfá), in which he told the story of his imprisonment in 1937. He had a relationship with the Egyptian Christian writer Salama Moussa and because of this connection, Al-Attar was accused of "spreading harmful propaganda against the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and its government". He was imprisoned for this, and Attar wrote about this incident in his book. The book tells the story of his accusation of a slander and arrest for nine months in 1936, which he spent in Al-Furn prison in Mecca and then in Al-Masmak prison in Riyadh. When Attar was proven innocent of the accusation against him, which was "writing against the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia" in the Egyptian newspapers, then King Abdulaziz Al Saud ordered his release and appreciation. In prison, he wrote an introduction to the book of the prison agent, Abd al-Aaziz Al-Uhaidib, on Nabati poetry while he was detained in Al-Masmak prison. Attar also resented the imam who was brought in by the administration for the prisoners because of his Sharia and linguistic mistakes, so he met with him once to teach him.
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71436467
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination%20of%20Admiral%20Coligny
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Assassination of Admiral Coligny
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Dutch revolt
The Dutch revolt was continuing to intersect closely with French politics. William of Orange had fought with Coligny during the Siege of Poitiers (1569) and while he had left afterwards to organise further in the Spanish Netherlands his brother Louis of Nassau was among those who stayed behind, operating out of La Rochelle under Coligny's protection to attack Spanish shipping. Nassau had also fought with Coligny during the third civil war. When the Spanish ambassador, Alava complained of this harbouring to Charles, the king retorted that 'his master should not look to give laws to France.' In July 1571 Charles attended a meeting at Fontainebleau with Louis of Nassau to discuss the prospects of intervention in the Netherlands, with potential for a partition. Téligny also returned to court around this time, one of the first Huguenot nobles to do so, working with Nassau in the hopes of persuading Charles.
It was for reasons of pursuing this policy that Coligny made his return to court in August 1571, hoping to bring the king firmly on board with war with Spain. Catherine was firmly opposed to this course of action. On 1 April 1572, the Sea Beggars seized Brill, and several days later Orange issued a declaration of war on Spain on 14 April. Nassau looked to Charles to join with a declaration of war by France, but neither he nor any member of his council outside of Coligny was willing to join in this course.
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71436467
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination%20of%20Admiral%20Coligny
|
Assassination of Admiral Coligny
|
Having been at a meeting with the council in the Louvre, presided over by Anjou in the king's absence, Coligny was on his way home around 11am to the rue de Béthisy, a little later than his usual time as the king had wanted him to observe a game of tennis. Hostile onlookers were kept back by a dozen body guards. As he travelled he lost himself reading various papers when suddenly as he entered the rue des Poulies he was shot from an upper story barred window, by a man hiding behind a curtain. The musket ball tore through a finger on his right hand and went into his left arm. Impassive in the face of this injury, Coligny pointed at where the assailant had shot him from saying to those with him "see how good people are treated in France! The shot came from that window. There is smoke!."
He had been accompanied on his journey home by Guerchy and Pruneaux among other familiars and two of them, Saint-Auban and Séré raced towards the building, forcing the door. Yet the sieur de Maurevert, who likely fired the shot managed to escape. Only his hot musket was found, still in place at the window. A second door was found at the back of the building, through which Maurevert had escaped on a prepared horse. At Saint-Antoine gate he switched horses. Saint-Auban and Séré followed closely, capturing an accomplice of his at Charenton. As Maurevert fled further towards the château de Chailly the two gentleman had to give up the chase as the drawbridge was raised and arquebuses pointed from the windows. While he was able to evade capture by Coligny's men, his identity is largely a consensus of historians.
| 2.171875
| 0
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71436752
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ella%20Jansen
|
Ella Jansen
|
Ella Christina Jansen (born September 1, 2005) is a Canadian competitive swimmer specializing in freestyle, butterfly and individual medley events.
Career
A native of Burlington, Ontario, Jansen started swimming for the Burlington Aquatic Devilrays (BAD) at the age of 6 years old. She quickly moved through the levels and started competing at the Provincial level at the age of 8 years old breaking many club records along the way. In 2019 Jansen started training at the Etobicoke Swimming club under Kevin Thornburn. She attended Notre Dame Catholic Secondary School and participated in high school swimming in the season of 2019/2020. At the 2020 OFSAA (Ontario Federation of School Athletic Associations) Jansen beat Victoria Kwan's 2013 OFSAA record of 2:00.40 in the 200 free SC by swimming a time of 1:59.98. She was featured by CTV news that same day.
She competed at the swimming trials for the Canadian team for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, with her highest finish being fourth in both the 1500 meter freestyle and the 200 meter butterfly, in the latter breaking the Ontario age group record previously set by Penny Oleksiak. She did not qualify for the Olympic team, noting afterward that it was "not quite how I wanted it to go but each day it got a little better and overall, it was an amazing experience."
| 1.90625
| 0
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71437150
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne%20S.%20Campbell
|
Jeanne S. Campbell
|
Campbell was known for her classic, understated designs that were designed to be stylish rather than trendy, and described her work as "a no-age, no-price look, and it's up to the person who wears it to make the look.” One of her signature designs was the sheath dress, which she is credited with popularizing. She was credited with helping popularize the market for affordable separates in the mid-20th century. Her designs were modeled on magazine covers such as Vogue, Harper's Bazaar and Glamour, and worn by Ava Gardner, Lynda Bird Johnson, and Liza Minnelli. In 1961, Life cited Campbell as one of the leading designers of junior fashion alongside Anne Fogarty, Anne Klein and Eloise Curtis; specifically noting Campbell's unusual colour use and surprising fabrics as well as her affordability. The four women were also noted as being multiple award-winning "influential stylesetters" who, by wearing their own clothes, proved that wearing "junior fashion" was not about being young, but having the right attitude and personal style.
Campbell was awarded the 1955 Coty Award for her knit sheaths, and the 1958 American Sportswear Designer of the Year Award from Sports Illustrated. The latter award, which was voted for by six hundred fashion retailers and executives, was the first time that all the winners of the Sports Illustrated Award had been women, with the other recipients being Bonnie Cashin and the swimwear designer Rose Marie Reid, who each received a newly-designed trophy depicting a wire dress form. Campbell's trophy was inscribed "To the women's sportswear designer who, during the past year, has made the most significant contribution to American sportswear through a specific collection, idea or innovation." Later, in 1970, she was one of 15 American designers to be named by Women's Wear Daily as the Women of the Year.
| 2.015625
| 0
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71438208
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake%20Andes%20Carnegie%20Library
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Lake Andes Carnegie Library
|
The Lake Andes Carnegie Library, in Lake Andes, South Dakota in Charles Mix County, South Dakota, is a Carnegie library which was built in 1911. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.
The library is Prairie School in design, while the Charles Mix County Courthouse, also in Lake Andes, is the only Prairie School-style courthouse in the state.
The library was deemed significant "for its association with the Carnegie Library grants in South Dakota" and also for its simplified Prairie style, a style that was only 3% of the overall styles used for Carnegie Libraries."
There were 25 Carnegie libraries built in South Dakota. The Carnegie corporation gifted the Lake Andes library with $5000 toward the construction and foundation of the library. In 2017, Lake Andes librarian Mary Jo Parker was named South Dakota New Librarian of the Year, due to her work increasing children's programming at the library.
In 2022, it remains the public library of the town. The library has received grants from a number of organizations, including the South Dakota State Library, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
| 2.5
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71438334
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue%20Ridge%20Sanatorium
|
Blue Ridge Sanatorium
|
Blue Ridge Sanatorium was a sanatorium for the treatment of tuberculosis located outside of Charlottesville, Virginia, United States.
The site was originally known as Moore's Brook and was operated as a private mental institution. One of its central buildings, Lyman Mansion, dates to 1875. Dr. D. M. Trice served as the director of Moore's Brook and used the grounds as a farm to breed prizewinning Berkshire pigs. As of 1908, August Mencken, younger brother of H. L. Mencken, was doing civil engineering work at the institution.
Background
The government of Virginia acquired the site in 1914. When it officially opened in 1920, Blue Ridge Sanatorium had room for 382 patients. Construction continued at the site for some years; in 1927, the George W. Wright Pavilion was completed, a collaborative effort between architects Charles M. Robinson and Marcellus E. Wright Sr. The Wright Pavilion was sponsored by the Grand Lodge of Virginia, on the condition that members of the Lodge were to receive preferential admission to the facility. Virginian philanthropist Paul Goodloe McIntire contributed to the building of the sanatorium's chapel.
Blue Ridge Sanatorium, along with other state-run medical institutions, was subject to racial segregation. Catawba Sanatorium (1908) and Piedmont Sanatorium (1918) had previously been established in Virginia for the treatment of tuberculosis. Black tuberculosis patients in the Charlottesville area were required to travel to Piedmont Sanatorium, as Blue Ridge Sanatorium operated from the beginning under a whites-only admissions policy. While the 1920s saw Blue Ridge Sanatorium establish a preventorium for pretubercular white children, "there were no sanatorium beds dedicated for African American children, even those with active disease, in or around Charlottesville until 1940," when Piedmont Sanatorium began to admit children.
| 2.40625
| 0
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71438381
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea%20Turtle%2C%20Inc.
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Sea Turtle, Inc.
|
Sea Turtle, Inc. is a nonprofit sea turtle rescue and rehabilitation center in South Padre Island, Texas. It is a popular regional ecotourism center, seeing about a quarter million visitors per year. Its mission is to rescue, rehabilitate, and release sick and injured sea turtles; to educate the public about sea turtles and marine conservation; and to help conserve all sea turtle species, particularly those native to the Gulf of Mexico.
History
Sea Turtle, Inc. was founded by Ila Fox Loetscher, known locally as the "Turtle Lady". After the death of her husband David in 1955, Loetscher moved to the Rio Grande Valley where her parents had retired. In 1966, she accompanied Dearl Adams on a trip to Rancho Nuevo, Tamaulipas, the main nesting beach of the Kemp's ridley, to collect sea turtle eggs and relocate them to Texas. Adams gifted her three Kemp's ridley hatchlings, which inspired her to dedicate the rest of her life to protecting sea turtles. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, Loetscher took in injured sea turtles and gave presentations about them in her backyard before finally creating Sea Turtle, Inc. in 1977.
Loetscher continued to operate Sea Turtle, Inc. out of her home until a dedicated clinic was built in 1999. After her death in 2000, the organization continued her mission of conserving sea turtles. In 2005, Sea Turtle, Inc. received a one-flippered Atlantic green sea turtle that they named Allison. Four years later, intern Tom Wilson developed a prosthesis for Allison that allowed her to swim freely. This was one of the first sea turtle prostheses in the world, and only three other sea turtles in the world are aided by prostheses.
In 2018, Sea Turtle, Inc. further expanded by adding an additional building, the Education Building, which houses the resident sea turtles as well as a small museum. The organization plans on demolishing the original clinic built in 1999 and replacing it with a new, state-of-the-art facility.
| 2.53125
| 0
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71438389
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido%20Chigi%20Saracini
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Guido Chigi Saracini
|
Count Guido Chigi Saracini (Siena, 8 March 1880 – Siena, 18 November 1965), full name Guido Chigi degli Useppi Saracini Lucherini, was an Italian patrician, a musical patron and composer, and a public administrator. Having inherited the Palazzo Chigi-Saracini in the centre of the city of Siena, Tuscany, he applied his musical instincts to his new opportunities, restored the Palazzo in 1923, and established a concert society and later (1932) a musical academy there. The Accademia Chigiana, which flourishes today, grew under his supervision into a famous institution for higher instruction, research and performance in chamber music, playing an important role in the revival of Italian baroque instrumental music, and in the advocacy and performance of contemporary Italian classical music.
Chigi Saracini, who lent his authority to various cultural projects and public forums in Siena, through his academy and through the September music festival "Settimane musicali" which he established in 1939, gave to Siena an international musical reputation: leading world musicians brought their experience and example to its work and performances, while the international tours of the Quintetto Chigiano, and the Quartetto Italiano (which coalesced at the academy in 1942) spread the example of its excellence. During his life, Count Chigi Saracini maintained personal involvement in the development and direction of his Academy, and endowed it as a Foundation in 1961, thereby assuring its continuation after his death.
| 2.171875
| 0
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75718871
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique%20C.%20R%C3%A9bsamen
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Enrique C. Rébsamen
|
Arrival in Mexico
He came to Mexico to take charge of the education of the children of a merchant in the city of León. He then lived in Mexico City, where he befriended important thinkers of the time, including Ignacio Manuel Altamirano. He devoted himself to researching various questions of linguistics, history and sociology, as well as writing essays for a newspaper in the capital. The then President of the Republic, Porfirio Díaz, was interested in Rébsamen's work and recommended him to Veracruz, Juan de la Luz Enríquez, who managed a large-scale state educational project.
On the instruction of the latter, in 1885 Rébsamen joined the model school of Orizaba, founded and directed by the German Enrique Laubscher. There he created the normal academy that induced the governor to carry out the educational reform that ordered the creation of district schools in all towns that would be in charge of teachers graduated from the academy. There he also generated what Abraham Castellanos would publish as "Pedagogía Rébsamen".
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75719179
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ani%20hu%20ha-sho%27el
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Ani hu ha-sho'el
|
Ani hu ha-sho'el (, literally 'I am the one who asks') is a Selicha piyyut for Yom Kippur; in most rites, but not all, it is (or was) recited in the Musaf service. It is composed by Rabbi Baruch ben Samuel of Mainz. As is common in Selichot for Musaf, the Selicha describes the Yom Kippur service in the Temple and the loss since the destruction of the Temple. In many communities, it is recited aloud by the Hazzan with a moving melody. Usually, even in communities where it is customary to recite the Selichot on a multi-year cycle and to choose only some of the Selichot each year, this Selicha is recited each year.
The selicha is included in the liturgy of most of the printed Western Ashkenazic Selichot rites. Like most piyyutim of 12th century poets from Western Europe, the Selicha is not recited in most Eastern Ashkenazic rites, although it is recited in the Bohemian rite (which is also the rite of East Germany), and in the rite of the Old Synagogue in Prague.
Editions of the piyyut
The Selicha has been printed twice in critical editions. Once in 's edition of the piyyutim of Rabbi Baruch of Mainz, and a second time in Daniel Goldschmidt's edition of the Yom Kippur Machzor.
It has also been translated once to English.
Structure of the poem
The poem includes an alphabetic acrostic, and at the end, it is signed Baruch bar Shmuel Hazak (Baruch son of Samuel the Strong). It is structured in stanzas of two lines (four hemistichs), in the Yated meter and four vowels, and a closing hemistich of yated and five vowels.
| 2.203125
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75719344
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Nicolay
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Mary Nicolay
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Mary Ann Nicolay (2 August 1850 – 15 October 1939) was a British Australian Nightingale nurse and hospital matron primarily in the Australian city of Perth.
Life
Nicolay was probably born in the London area of Chelsea. Her parents were Mary Ann (born Raven) and the Reverend Charles Grenfell Nicolay. They had eight children, and she was their fifth. Her father was the librarian of King's College Hospital from 1843 to 1858 and he was a co-founder of Queen's College, London which was able to teach women from 1853. Mary was educated in Bristol at the Clifton High School where she became a pupil teacher.
She undertook training as a nurse under Florence Nightingale at the Nightingale School of Nursing in London in March 1876. She trained for a year and in March 1877 she joined the National Nursing Association. She had a good assessment as a nurse although it was recorded that she did not always speak the truth. In the following year her mother gathered the family together to go to Australia to be reunited with the Reverend Nicolay. She did not stay long, and she went back to the UK. She did not return to Australia until 1888 when she looked after her father.
In 1890 she became the matron of Perth Colonial Hospital and she worked there for a year. She then undertook private nursing charging high fees but not getting very rich. Her father wrote, and he founded the Western Australian Museum and he left her his money, when he died in 1897, and she had a small hospital in Perth.
She went as a matron to the Boer War in March 1900 on board the Salamis. She asked each of the nurses to take an oath of obedience. This was not an official contingent, but a group paid for by fundraising. She soon returned. She left again in 1901 according to one source, but another sees her based in Perth until 1917. She was known for her rules, and she frequently mention her mentor Florence Nightingale to her charges. She returned in 1919 to the hospital to help with the flu pandemic.
| 2.03125
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75719783
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rezekne%20Airport
|
Rezekne Airport
|
Rezekne airport is an uncertified airfield in Rēzekne Municipality. Located in Audriņi Parish in Kuciņi, northwest of Rēzekne, 10 km from the city center. The airfield has one 1300 m long and 40 m wide concrete runway. The owner of the airfield is the Ministry of Defence. NATO air defense radar TPS-117 is located near the airfield, which is able to control the airspace within a radius of 450 kilometers and at an altitude of 30 kilometers.
History
Rezekne airfield was created Sopwith Strutter Sopwith Camel were stationed at the airfield.
The civil airport was built in the 1970s and offered only the flight Rēzekne-Rīga, it was soon discontinued.
After the restoration of Latvia's independence in 1992, the Rezekne airfield was kept in state ownership and transferred to the possession of the Ministry of Defence. In 2001, the government of Latvia signed an agreement with the US company Lockheed Martin for the purchase of a radar system worth eight million euros that meets NATO requirements. Residents of Rēzekne city and district collected approximately 17 thousand signatures against the installation of radar in Audriņi Parish. The long-range three-dimensional radar TPS-117 was nevertheless installed in 2004. The Ministry of Defense paid compensation in the amount of 140,000 euros to Audriņi Parish and six neighboring parishes, which were invested in the purchase of paramedic station equipment and health monitoring.
In 2009, an application was received to privatize the airfield registered in the land register under the name of the Ministry of Defense. The committee established by the Cabinet of Ministers decided that the Rēzekne airfield will not be transferred to privatization. From the airport, panoramic flights for groups and individuals over the lakes of Rēzekne and Latgale are possible, as well as the possibility to see the EU border from a bird's eye view.
| 1.984375
| 0
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75720091
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichtenmoor%20Strangler
|
Lichtenmoor Strangler
|
The Lichtenmoor Strangler (in German: Würger vom Lichtenmoor) (1947/1948) was initially thought to be an unknown predator killing livestock. It is said to have killed numerous domestic and wild animals around the Lichtenmoor area, north-east of Nienburg/Weser in Lower Saxony, then in the British occupation zone in Germany.
The search for the shrike and speculation about which animal it might be were met by rapidly growing media interest. It spread in the meantime spread throughout Germany and led to large-scale but unsuccessful hunts. A wolf shot by a hunter in August 1948 revitalised the story, which by then had already received fewer attention.
Reports on the number of animals killed, the wounds and other evidence make it clear that the vast majority of cases involved poaching and illegal slaughter. This was not uncommon in the post-war period because there was a shortage of meat and food was rationed. It is striking that the number of cases attributed to the strangler fell sharply after the currency reform on 21 June 1948 (introducing the D-Mark). After the currency reform, food was much easier to obtain.
First reports
The hunting ground assigned to the "strangler" was an area of around 30 square kilometres in the districts of Neustadt, Fallingbostel and Nienburg, centred on the sparsely populated Lichtenmoor. In the winter of 1947/48, numerous wild animals were killed there, and a "large, grey dog" was sighted, which was later linked to the wolf. When the grazing animals were driven out into the open in spring, an unknown hunter killed the first sheep and cattle.
Several of the cattle that were killed had the same unusual pattern of injuries: the right hind leg was torn open, causing the animal to bleed to death. The edges of the wounds were unusually smooth, more like they had been cut with a knife than torn open by a predator. Some of the sheep had even had their coats completely cut off in the pasture, which clearly pointed to a human hand.
| 2.703125
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75720176
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilry%20Huckaby
|
Hilry Huckaby
|
Hilry "Huck" Huckaby III was a former district judge in Caddo Parish, Louisiana and a four-term councilman in the city of Shreveport, Louisiana noted for his work reforming the government of Shreveport. He is known for changing the city of Shreveport government from a commission form of government to a City Council form of government which provided greater representation for the people of Shreveport, especially the African American community.
Early life
Huckaby was born in Shreveport, Louisiana and grew up in the Allendale neighborhood, living about five miles from there for the rest of his life. He was named after his father, Hilry Huckaby Jr.; his mother was named Nancy Davis Huckaby. As a child, he attended Central Free Methodist School. He graduated with honors from Notre Dame High School in 1962 and then attained an undergraduate degree in political science in 1966 and two law degrees, including a Juris Doctor in 1969, from Southern University.
Career
Civil Rights
Huckaby was devoted to civil rights work and progressive politics primarily within the Shreveport, Louisiana region. After graduating college, Huckaby worked for the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) before starting a private practice in his hometown of Shreveport, Louisiana. Huckaby was actively involved in regional politics from the early 1970s onwards. As a member of Blacks United for Lasting Leadership (BULL), he helped sue the city of Shreveport in 1973-1974 to change the structure of the local government from a commission form of government to a City Council form of government. These efforts helped the African American community gain representation in the Shreveport government.
City Councilor
In 1978, Huckaby was one of the first African American representatives of the city of Shreveport alongside Senator Greg Tarver and the Reverend Herman Farr, with Huckaby becoming the city's first African American council chairman in 1979. He served as the councilor for District A from 1978 to 1990, and from 1998 until his death in 2001.
| 2.0625
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75720510
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penarth%20Road%20Stadium
|
Penarth Road Stadium
|
The Penarth Road Stadium, was a former motorcycle speedway stadium, on Penarth Road in the Grangetown area Cardiff. The stadium was located adjacent to the River Ely, where it meanders between Penarth Road and the Barry railway line. Today it is the site of an industrial park on a road called Stadium Close.
Speedway
History
The nearby White City Stadium had been sold to a steel works in 1937, leaving Cardiff without speedway. During 1950, Mr. A.J. Lennox and Mr. Leslie Maidment started to build a speedway track at the site of a rubbish dump in the Grangetown Area of Cardiff and speedway training events were held there during the year.
In November 1950, the Speedway Control Board visited the track in order to issue a licence for league racing the following year. The venue was able to hold up to 30,000 spectators with its terracing.
In January 1951, attempts were made by the Cardiff rugby league team to negotiate a lease for part of the stadium. The Cardiff Dragons speedway team began racing in 1951, competing in the 1951 Speedway National League Division Three. The first home fixture was on 5 April 1951 and the stadium underwent an official opening by the Lord Mayor Alderman George Ferrier.
On 31 May, the stadium held its most significant event to date, a qualifying round of the 1951 Individual Speedway World Championship.
The team raced in the Southern League in 1952 and attracted healthy crowds of 9,000 but the rugby league attendances were poor. In 1953, speedway attendances dropped to 3,000 and mid-way through the 1953 season the team folded and their results were expunged.
The stadium remained derelict until 1969, when the site was replaced with industrial units.
| 2.0625
| 0
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75721038
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farid%20Allawerdi
|
Farid Allawerdi
|
It was only in 1944, and after years of residence in different parts of the country, that the family finally settled in Baghdad where Allawerdi had the opportunity to study music academically with European teachers at the then newly established Fine Arts Institute. He studied Violin with Sandu Albu (a former student of Zoltán Kodály) while at the same time studying Law at the Law College in Baghdad. As a music student he was recognized as very gifted. Professor Sandu Albu considered him “ ... the only talent for composition in Iraq.” Prof. Sandu Albu’s letter of 31 August 1955).
After graduating from Law College in 1948 he devoted himself completely to music and its development in Iraq.
From 1950 to 1952 Allawerdi, was a scholarship student in Paris for his higher theoretical studies under professors Henry Challen and Francis-Paul Demillac (Enyss Djemil) where he absorbed and used creatively the achievements of the new stylistic trends. He was quickly identified with all that was progressive in the musical world of his time.
In 1951 he composed his first piece, Rondo for Guitar and Clarinet which was performed the same year in Baghdad.
In 1952 he returned to Baghdad, where he taught theory of music and harmony at the Fine Arts Institute. Together with his colleagues he established the Baghdad Philharmonic Society and was a member of a Chamber group composed of Professor Julian Hertz, Piano; Professor Sandu Albu, 1st violin; Vartan Manoogian 2nd violin; Farid Allawerdi, Viola; Professor Andre Theurer, Cello. He continues to perform with the Chamber Group until 1959.
| 2.09375
| 0
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75721054
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinky%20Winters
|
Pinky Winters
|
Pinky Winters (born Phyllis Wozniak in 1930) is an American jazz singer with an on-and-off career span of over 80 years. She continues to play and record with talented jazz musicians into the second decade of the 21st century.
Life and career
Phyllis Wozniak was born on 1 February 1930 in Michigan City, Indiana, USA. She took piano lessons from the age of four and was performing solo in a local concert within a year. Winters cites her first main singing influence as Sarah Vaughan. After a brief spell as an office worker, she moved with a girlfriend and with Dick Groves to Denver, Colorado, where she sang and played the piano in clubs and took on the stage name of Pinky Winters. In 1953, Winters and Groves moved to California, performing in venues such as the Starlight night club in Los Angeles. At a gig one night in Santa Monica, Anita O’Day, who had a regular singing spot and who was going to be out of town for two weeks, gave her spot to Winters who found herself performing with players such as pianist Hampton Hawes and bass player Red Mitchell. From the mid to late 1950s, Winters worked in many clubs in the area and released several jazz albums on which she was accompanied by top musicians in the LA jazz scene, including Zoot Sims, Lou Levy, Gerald Wiggins, Howard Roberts and Chico Hamilton. After getting married and having a daughter, there was a hiatus in her career from 1958 to 1979, when Winters concentrated on her family. She returned to performing, recording and touring after her second divorce. In 1982 she began a partnership with Lou Levy, an accompanist who had worked with Peggy Lee and Ella Fitzgerald.
From an on-and-off four decade career, Winters became known for her intimate and informal singing style, with what the jazz expert Doug Ramsey describes as "impeccable diction, interpretation, time and phrasing". The inventive singing on her albums is now highly prized.
| 2.1875
| 0
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75721343
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphaea%20stuhlmannii
|
Nymphaea stuhlmannii
|
Nymphaea stuhlmannii is a species of waterlily endemic to Tanzania.
Description
Vegetative characteristics
Nymphaea stuhlmannii is an aquatic herb with 5–12 cm long, 3–4 cm wide, globose to ovoid, blackish brown rhizomes and white, long roots. The 25.5 cm long, 21 cm wide, petiolate, ovate-orbicular leaves have an entire margin. The venation is prominent.
Generative characteristics
The fragrant flowers are 10-15 cm wide. They are yellow. The four sepals are obovate. The 22 petals are broadly obovate. The androecium consists of 125 stamens. The gynoecium consists of 23 carpels. The 3–4.5 cm long, and 4–6 cm wide fruit bears numerous ovoid 0.7–1 mm long, and 0.5–0.75 mm wide seeds.
Taxonomy
Publication
It was first described by Adolf Engler as Nymphaea lotus var. stuhlmannii Engl. in 1895. Later, it was elevated to the status of a separate species Nymphaea stuhlmannii (Engl.) Schweinf. & Gilg by Georg August Schweinfurth and Ernest Friedrich Gilg in 1903.
Type specimen
The type specimen was collected by Franz Ludwig Stuhlmann (1863-1928) in Uniamweni, Gunda mkali, close to Bibisande, Africa at 1200 m above sea level on the 16th of July 1890.
Etymology
The specific epithet stuhlmannii honours Stuhlmann, who collected the type specimen.
Conservation
It is an endangered species (EN). It was feared to be extinct.
Ecology
Habitat
Nymphaea stuhlmannii occurs in shallow pools subject to seasonal droughts at an elevation of 1140 m above sea level. The rhizomes are exposed on the surface during the dry season.
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| 0
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75721386
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount%20Aniakchak
|
Mount Aniakchak
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Aniakchak is about southwest from Anchorage, Alaska, within the Aniakchak National Monument and Preserve (Bristol Bay Borough) on the Alaska Peninsula between Bristol Bay (Bering Sea) and the Pacific Ocean. Port Heiden is west from the volcano, other towns within from Aniakchak are Chignik Lake, Chignik, Chignik Lagoon, Pilot Point and Ugashik.
The volcano is a wide and deep caldera, formally named Aniakchak Crater. It is surrounded by gently sloping terrain between the Aleutian Range to the southwest and Bristol Bay to the northeast. The Aleutian Range is not high but its mountains rise directly from the sea. Outside of the caldera the volcano is notably asymmetric, with the northwestern side having a less eroded appearance than the southeastern. The highest point of the rim is the high Aniakchak Peak on the southern caldera rim. A deep prominent v-shaped gap in the northeastern caldera rim is known as The Gates. Steep walls cut into fossil-bearing nonvolcanic rocks, with only the top of the cut rock being part of the actual Aniakchak volcano. Outcrops in The Gates bear traces of hydrothermal weathering. There is a single report of volcanic caves at Aniakchak.
A number of secondary cones, lava domes, maars and tuff cones dot the caldera floor, the largest is the wide and - high Vent Mountain just south of the caldera centre. Other craters are the semicircular Half Cone in the northwestern, the wide 1931 Main Crater and West Dome in the western, Slag Heap and Doublet Crater in the western-southwestern, New Cone, Breezy Cone, Windy Cone and two water-filled maars in the southeastern, and Surprise Cone, Bolshoi Dome, Vulcan Dome and Pumice Dome in the eastern sectors of the caldera.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount%20Aniakchak
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Mount Aniakchak
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The volcano grew on a westward-sloping basement formed by Mesozoic-Tertiary sedimentary rocks, which crops out south of the volcano and within the caldera. Chronologically, they are part of the Jurassic Naknek, Cretaceous Staniukovich, Cretaceous Chignik, Paleocene-Eocene Tolstoi, and Eocene-Oligocene Meshik Formations. The crust is mostly andesitic. The Alaska-Aleutian Batholith may extend under the volcano. An aeromagnetic anomaly overlies Aniakchak; similar anomalies are found on neighboring volcanoes but also on much older plutonic complexes in the region.
During the last glacial maximum more than 11,700 years ago, the region was covered by ice. When the glaciers retreated at the end of the ice age, they left numerous elongated moraines, U-shaped valleys, and various kinds of lakes (including kettle lakes and proglacial lakes). Two separate glaciations have been defined at Aniakchak.
Composition
Aniakchak has erupted rocks ranging from basalt to rhyolite, which define a calc-alkaline rock suite typical for volcanic arc rocks. Phenocrysts are rare, they include amphibole, augite, clinopyroxene, hornblende, hypersthene, ilmenite, iron sulfide, magnetite, olivine, orthopyroxene, plagioclase and quartz, depending on the rock unit. Temperatures of have been inferred for dacitic magmas in the Aniakchak II eruption; the temperature of the andesite is unknown.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount%20Aniakchak
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Mount Aniakchak
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At least forty eruptions took place during the Holocene, half before and half after the second caldera-forming eruption, equivalent to one eruption every 340 years after the second caldera-forming event. This rate is the highest of all volcanoes in the eastern Aleutian volcanic arc. Most Holocene eruptions have not produced known tephra deposits. There is evidence that after several eruptions, humans abandoned sites close to the volcano. Lava flows were emplaced on the northern flank of the volcano.
Three major eruptions took place during the Holocene: The Aniakchak I, Black Nose Pumice, and Aniakchak II eruptions. The Aniakchak I eruption took place 9,500–7,500 years ago, and emplaced volcanic bombs and ignimbrites on the volcano and in surrounding valleys. They are similar in appearance and chemistry to the Aniakchak II deposits, but can be distinguished with the help of trace element data. A tephra layer in central Alaska has been attributed to the Aniakchak I eruption. How the volcano appeared after the Aniakchak I eruption is unclear; conceivably, either a small caldera formed or the caldera rapidly filled with ice. The so-called Black Nose Pumice was emplaced 7,000 years ago during several closely spaced Plinian eruptions and consists of two pumice fallout layers, separated by an ignimbrite. It is partly eroded or buried by products of the Aniakchak II eruption. A tephra layer in Southeastern Alaska was attributed to an unidentified eruption of Aniakchak 5,300–5,030 years before present, but may have originated at Mount Edgecumbe instead. Shortly before the Aniakchak II event, a smaller eruption may have emplaced a tephra layer in the Brooks Range of northern Alaska.
Other large caldera-forming eruptions in Alaska took place at Mount Okmok, Fisher Caldera, and Veniaminof, with lesser events at Kaguyak and Black Peak. Unlike them, before the caldera-forming eruption, Aniakchak was a small volcanic edifice.
Aniakchak II eruption
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount%20Aniakchak
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Mount Aniakchak
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The Aniakchak II eruption is the largest known eruption at Aniakchak, and one of the largest Holocene eruptions in North America, comparable with the 1912 Katmai and early Holocene Mount Mazama events. A volcanic explosivity index of 6 or 7 has been assigned to the eruption. It yielded more than in rock (pyroclastic flows and tephra), and total tephra volume may have reached . The initial stage of the eruption produced rhyodacitic rocks, then both andesite and rhyodacite erupted, and at the end it was andesitic. The pyroclastic flow deposits are rich in pumice and scoria and mostly unwelded. They reach thicknesses exceeding where they ponded against pre-existing topography.
The eruption produced more than tephra, which fell out north of the volcano in an elongated area extending across western Alaska, including the Alaska Peninsula, Bristol Bay, the Kuskokwim and Yukon River Deltas, Norton Sound and the Seward Peninsula. Tephra thickness decreases from from the vent to from the vent. The Aniakchak II tephra is one of the most significant tephras of the Northwest Pacific region and has been used as a stratigraphic marker owing to widespread, pristine appearance and characteristic color.
Tephra has been found at Chignik Bay, in the Ahklun Mountains, Zagoskin Lake on St. Michael Island, Lake Hill on St. Paul Island, Cape Espenberg and Whitefish Lake on the Seward Peninsula (western Alaska), lakes in the Alaskan Brooks Range, the Mount Logan icefield at the Alaska-Canada border, and the Bering and Chukchi Seas northwest of Alaska. Thinner tephra has been recovered more than from the volcano, in numerous ice cores of Greenland, in Nordan's Pond on Newfoundland, in marine sediment cores east of Greenland, in sediments from Northern Ireland and Wales in the British Isles, and in Finland. The Aniakchak tephra has been used to date sediments and scientific findings between Greenland, Canada and the Chukchi Sea.
Impacts on humans and the environment
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount%20Aniakchak
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Mount Aniakchak
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The largest post-caldera eruption at Aniakchak took place 400 years ago. It had a volcanic explosivity index of 3–4, destroying Half Cone in a series of Plinian eruptions and emplacing the Cobweb lava flow. Pyroclastic flows and ash fallout reached thicknesses of , with ash falling away in north-northeastern direction. The layered eruption deposits crop out in Half Cone. Inflow of new magma and crystallization of old magma probably triggered the eruption, increasing the pressure in the magmatic system until magma began to propagate to the surface. During the course of the eruption, magma composition changed from dacite to basaltic andesite, a typical phenomenon at Alaskan volcanoes and other eruptions of Aniakchak; however, the distinction between the "pink" and "brown" pumices is not due to this compositional gap. Another eruption may have occurred at the same time on Vent Mountain, and a tephra in Skilak Lake may also come from this eruption. Plummer et al. 2012 suggested this eruption as the 1453 mystery eruption. In 2024, the date 1600 was proposed, as well as a link to tephra and sulfate deposits in Greenland and climatic anomalies in that year (compounding these caused by Huaynaputina). There may or may not have been another eruption before the 1931 event.
1931 eruption
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount%20Aniakchak
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Mount Aniakchak
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Specific hazards include:
The main danger from future activity at Aniakchak is high ash clouds. Aircraft flying into volcanic ash clouds can suffer engine failures, and Aniakchak is located beneath one of the major air routes of the North Pacific. Precipitating volcanic ash can smother plants and make roads slippery, irritate eyes and lungs, and damage machinery. Ashfall would most likely occur north to east of the volcano but can occur in any direction Pyroclastic flows and pyroclastic surges are fast-flowing avalanches/clouds of hot rock. Owing to their enormous speed and high temperature, they tend to kill everything in their path. Future eruptions would most likely create such flows within the caldera, but only larger events would pose a threat outside of it. Lava domes and lava flows can be extruded within the caldera. They are slow, but steam explosions or pyroclastic flows caused by collapses of lava domes can amplify their threat. Snow and ice within the caldera – and during larger eruptions, outside – can melt when impacted by the fallout of hot rocks. The loose volcanic ash on the slopes of Aniakchak can be liquefied by rainfall. Either can produce mudflows, which threaten valleys running from the caldera. While the hot springs and fumaroles are not a threat by themselves, in case of the ascent of new magma, temperatures and carbon dioxide concentrations may rise to dangerous levels. The vents can eject volcanic bombs, large blocks that fall down close to the vent. Landslides or subaqueous explosions can cause floods or local tsunamis from the lakes in the caldera. Hazards exist mainly within the caldera.
Aniakchak is monitored by the Alaska Volcano Observatory since 1997 through seismometers and satellite images, and collects reports from visitors to the caldera and aircraft to detect renewed activity. The observatory publishes a volcano hazard level; in case of an eruption, it would coordinate with government agencies and publish updates through the Internet and other means.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birzeit%20camp
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Birzeit camp
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Birzeit camp is a Palestinian refugee camp established in 1948. It is located on both sides of a street in the center of the town of Birzeit in the Ramallah and Al-Bireh Governorate. Until now, the camp has not been recognized by the United Nations refugee agency UNRWA.
Historical overview
Birzeit camp was established in 1948 in the town of Birzeit, located seven kilometers north of Ramallah, on an area of 23 dunams located on both sides of a street in the center of the city. Over time, the camp's area has shrunk to only 6 dunams.
Demographics
The population of Birzeit camp, when it was established in 1948, was estimated at 8,000 people. This number began to shrink due to the displacement of residents to neighboring towns or within the village of Birzeit, and the shrinkage of the camp's land area, in addition to the failure of the Refugee Relief Organization to recognize the camp, until in 1967 the population was only 86 people. The camp's population in 2010, according to statistics from the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, was only about 180 people.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ctihad
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İctihad
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Ideology and content
The goal of İctihad was to inform people about cultural topics and to raise their awareness. It adopted a pro-Western ideology and frequently criticized veiling and traditional upbringing of women. The magazine was one of the fierce critics of the Ottoman Sultan Abdulhamit between 1904 and 1908. It also harshly criticized Turkish nationalism.
İctihad frequently published articles on Westernization or Europeanisation which were mostly written by Abdullah Cevdet and Celal Nuri. However, the latter became anti-European in 1914 and left İctihad. The magazine featured articles on Bahaism in the late 1921 and in the early 1922 which adopted a positive stance towards it. İctihad declared its guiding principles in the issue dated 15 April 1932 as follows: freedom, independence, peace, arts, equality, religion and conscience.
Contributors
Various writers contributed to İctihad who did not share the same ideology. For instance, Rıza Tevfik was a traditionalist, but Jean-Marie Guyau and Gustave Le Bon were positivists. The philosophical approaches supported by the magazine contributors were Darwinism, Freudianism, and materialism.
Later the following notable figures contributed to the magazine: Süleyman Nazif, Tevfik Fikret, Faik Ali Ozansoy, Abdülhak Hâmid Tarhan, Ali Canip Yöntem, Ahmet Haşim, Cenâb Şehâbeddîn, Faruk Nafiz Çamlıbel, Enis Behiç Koryürek, Halide Edib Adıvar, Gaspıralı İsmâil, Halide Nusret Zorlutuna, Mehmet Fuat Köprülü, Ömer Seyfettin, Peyami Safa, Suut Kemal Yetkin, Reşat Nuri Güntekin, Selim Sırrı Tarcan, and Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu. Peyami Safa started his journalistic career in the magazine at age fourteen in 1913.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manohar%20Elavarthi
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Manohar Elavarthi
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Manohar Elavarthi (born 4 September 1971) is a human rights activist who has been working for LGBTQ+ rights for over two decades. He is the founder of Sangama, a sexual minorities and sex workers' rights organisation. He also founded or headed rights-based NGOs like Aneka, Suraksha, Solidarity Foundation and Sanchaya Nele.
Early life
Manohar was born in Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh. He attended school in Gyarampalle, Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh.
Advocacy
He supported the formation of independent advocacy-focused community organisations like the Karnataka Sexual Minorities Forum, the Karnataka Sex Workers Union and Karnataka Vikalachethanara Sanghatane, an organisation of persons with disabilities in Chikkaballapura District. Along with Shubha Chacko, he nurtured and built Sangama, Aneka and Solidarity Foundation.
He is involved in advocacy for the health rights of marginalised communities and mentored networks and platforms like South Asia Human Rights Association, Coalition for Sexual Minorities and Sexworkers Rights (based in Bangalore), National Network of Sex Workers, Bangalore Citizens Initiative for Peace, Narmada Solidarity Forum, and popularised the Freedom Miles concept for Gender Justice and North-East Solidarity. In response to the 2012 Delhi gang rape and murder, he organised a series of Freedom Miles or public walks for women's safety in Bangalore. He was instrumental in Sangama taking up HIV prevention work.
He was a member of the CCM-Global Fund (India Country Coordination Mechanism for The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria) and served as its vice-chair for a term of two years.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphaea%20sulphurea
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Nymphaea sulphurea
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Nymphaea sulphurea is a species of waterlily native to Angola, Zambia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Description
Vegetative characteristics
Nymphaea sulphurea has stout, cone-shaped rhizomes. The suborbicular to broadly ovate, petiolate, 4.5-5.5 cm long leaves have an entire margin. The petioles are 38–46 cm long.
Generative characteristics
The flowers are 4.5–7 cm wide. The lanceolate sepals with acute apex are 2–3 cm long, and 1.5–1 cm wide. The dark sulphur yellow petals are 2.8–2 cm long, and 1.2-0.7 cm wide. The androecium consists of 40-50 stamens with bright yellow anthers. The gynoecium consists of 12-14 carpels.
Taxonomy
Publication
It was first described by Ernest Friedrich Gilg in 1903.
Type specimen
The type specimen was collected by Hugo Baum in Minnesera on 17 January 1900.
Etymology
The specific epithet sulphurea, from the Latin sulphureus, means yellow, and refers to the floral colouration.
Conservation
The IUCN conservation status is Data Deficient (DD).
Ecology
Habitat
Nymphaea sulphurea occurs in rivers, lakes, pools, and in deep waters.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main%20Currents%20of%20American%20Thought%20%28story%29
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Main Currents of American Thought (story)
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"Main Currents of American Thought" is a work of short fiction by Irwin Shaw, originally appearing in The New Yorker in 1939 and first collected in Welcome to the City and Other Stories (1942) by Random House.
The story is an autobiographical rendering of Shaw’s early literary career, during which he had penned numerous episodes for radio dramas and comedies, among these Dick Tracy.
The story was included in the 1940 The Best American Short Stories and the editors dedicated the volume to Irwin Shaw.
Plot
The story is written from a third-person limited omniscient point-of-view. The protagonist, a young man identified only as Andrew, is the focal character. The story is set in Brooklyn, New York during the Great Depression.
Andrew is a scriptwriter for a radio adventure serial. Paid by the number of words that comprise each story and its dialogue, his meager wages are spent entirely in supporting his mother, his younger sister and his father. The family, with whom the 25-year-old Andrew resides, is trying to keep up their middle-class pretensions despite their diminished income due to the economic crisis. Andrew is preoccupied with brainstorming scenarios for new material for the radio program. As he obsesses over the family expenditures, scenes from the hard-boiled dialogue he creates for the insipid radio plays intrude on his thoughts. When he discovers that his bank account is overdrawn, he makes an inventory of all his cash output, and this further distresses him.
Across the street, a group of boys are practicing baseball. Their shouts to one another make Andrew, not long beyond his childhood, make him nostalgic.
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