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71467666	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A7n%20Tr%E1%BB%A5%20Tr%E1%BB%9Di	Thần Trụ Trời	Thần Trụ Trời or Ông Trụ Trời (lit. "Pillar of Heaven"), with some versions calling him Khổng Lồ ( lit. "The Giant"), is the first god in some traditions of Vietnamese mythology, being the one who created the world by building pillars to separate heaven and earth. Mythology At that time, there were no creatures on earth. Heaven and earth are merely a chaotic, dark area. Suddenly appeared a giant god, extremely tall and indescribably long legs. Every step he takes is ice from one area to another, from one mountain to another. One day, the god stretched out his shoulders and stood up, raising his head to the sky. The god dug the earth, carried the stone, and built it into a large and tall pillar to support the sky. As high as the pillar is raised, the sky is like a vast curtain that is gradually raised. He alone dug, built, the stone pillars kept getting higher and higher and pushed the dome of the sky up to the blue clouds. Since then, heaven and earth have split into two. The earth is flat like a square tray, the sky is round like an upside down bowl, where sky and earth meet is the horizon. When the sky was high and dry, the god of sky broke the pillar and threw the earth everywhere. Every stone that was thrown turned into a mountain or an island, and the earth scattered everywhere into mounds, piles, and high hills. Therefore, the ground today is no longer flat, but has concave and convex areas. the place where god dug deep to get soil and stone to build columns, today is the immense sea. The pillar of sky is now gone. It is said that traces of that column are in Thạch Môn mountain (or An Phụ mountain ), Hải Dương region. That mountain is also known as Kình Thiên Trụ, which means Cột Chống Trời (Sky-Supporting Pillar).	2.578125
71467671	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fawn%20Fire	Fawn Fire	At least 555 firefighting personnel were engaged on the fire using bulldozers to create firebreaks, water tenders to defend structures and attack spot fires, and over a dozen air tankers and helicopters dropping fire retardant and water in an effort to reduce the intensity and rate of spread of the fire. During the height of the air attack effort on September 23, aircraft dropped 53,000 gallons of fire retardant in a 90-minute period. Evacuation warnings and orders continued to expand, eventually covering all areas east of Interstate 5 and north of State Route 299 (including Shasta College, which had briefly been an evacuation center). Winds and fire behavior moderated in the afternoon and evening. By 7:00 p.m., the fire was reported as and five percent contained. On the morning of September 24 the fire was reported as and ten percent contained, with 9,000 structures threatened and 950 personnel involved in the firefight. The Fawn Fire was rated by the National Interagency Fire Center (NIFC) as the No. 1 priority wildfire incident in the nation, due to the immediate threat to life and property, as well as reduced resource needs for fires elsewhere in the country. That day, the fire grew by another thousand acres, primarily to the east and west along its flanks. On the morning of September 25 the fire was assessed at , remaining ten percent contained. On the morning of September 26, the fire was assessed at , with 35 percent containment. At this point, during the peak of the fire suppression effort, over 2,000 personnel were assigned to the incident. The fire exhibited minimal growth after this point, and fire crews continued to strengthen containment lines in advance of a red flag warning issued for September 28. Containment slowly increased until the Fawn Fire was declared 100 percent contained at 6:53 pm. PDT on October 2, 10 days after it began.	2.34375
71467864	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe%20Gorla	Giuseppe Gorla	Giuseppe Gorla (1895–1979) was an Italian civil engineer and politician who was a member of the National Fascist Party. Between 1940 and 1943 he served as the minister of public works. Early life and education Gorla was born in Vernate on 6 September 1895. He studied civil engineering at the University of Pavia. During his studies he was among the contributors of Il Popolo d'Italia. Gorla joined the Italian army and fought in World War I. He was badly wounded and had to leave the army due to his disability occurred as a result of his injuries. Career Following his return Gorla joined the National Association of the Mutilated and Disabled of War which was affiliated with the fascist movement. He began to work at the Polytechnic University of Milan as a faculty member. He left the academic career in 1922 when he was elected as city councillor in Milan. He was also named as the managing director of the publishing house. He participated various international meetings on urban planning in the mid-1920s. During this period he was the deputy mayor of Milan. He was a board member of the National Fascist Engineers Union (SNFI) of which he served as the secretary general between 1937 and 1938. In February 1939, as secretary general of the SNFI, Gorla joined the Chamber of Fasces and Corporations. After shortly serving in the Italian army at beginning of World War II he was appointed minister of public works to the cabinet led by Benito Mussolini on 30 October 1940, replacing Adelchi Serena in the post. Gorla's term ended on 6 February 1943 when he was replaced by Zenone Benini as minister of public works.	2.125
71467982	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount%20Lovenia	Mount Lovenia	Mount Lovenia is a mountain summit located on the common border that Duchesne County shares with Summit County in the U.S. state of Utah. Description Mount Lovenia is set within the High Uintas Wilderness on land managed by Ashley National Forest. It is situated along the crest of the Uinta Mountains which are a subset of the Rocky Mountains, and it ranks as the 10th-highest summit in Utah, and 51st-highest in the United States if a 400-foot clean prominence cutoff is considered as criteria. Topographic relief is significant as the west face rises in less than one-half mile and the north face rises in one-half mile. Neighbors include Wasatch Peak two miles to the north-northwest, and Dead Horse Peak is five miles to the west-southwest. Precipitation runoff from this mountain drains north to the Blacks Fork and south into headwaters of the Lake Fork River. Etymology The landform's toponym has been officially adopted by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names. Nature-lover and artist George Beard (1854–1944) of Coalville, Utah, named this mountain for his wife, Sarah Lovenia Bullock Beard (1859–1932), who was the daughter of Mormon pioneer Thomas Bullock. Climate Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Lovenia is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold snowy winters and mild summers. Tundra climate characterizes the summit and highest slopes. There is no weather station at the summit, but this climate table contains interpolated data for an area around the summit.	2.734375
71468029	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imogen%20Ayris	Imogen Ayris	Imogen Ayris (born 12 December 2000) is a New Zealand athlete who competes in the pole vault. She won the bronze medal in the pole vault representing her country at the 2022 Commonwealth Games. Biography Ayris was born in Auckland on 12 December 2000, the daughter of Barny and Bridget Ayris. She was educated at Takapuna Grammar School, and is now studying exercise science at the University of Auckland. Ayris began competing in athletics as a six-year-old at the Takapuna Athletic and Harrier Club, but also was a promising gymnast, representing New Zealand in an international event against Australia. She took up the pole vault when she was 13 years old, coached by Jeremy McColl. She finished third in the pole vault at the national secondary schools championships six months later, and won the national junior title at the 2015 national athletic championships. In 2016, aged 15, she became the youngest female New Zealand athlete to clear four metres. In 2018, Ayris won both the national under-20 and senior national pole vault titles, and she subsequently won the national title again in 2020 and 2021. Ayris represented New Zealand in the pole vault at the 2018 IAAF World Under-20 Championships, finishing 19th, with a best height of 3.95 m. The following year, she competed at the Athletics at the 2019 Summer Universiade, where she placed equal tenth in the pole vault, recording a height of 4.11 m. At the 2022 Commonwealth Games, Ayris cleared 4.45 m to win the bronze medal in the pole vault, despite competing with a fractured bone in her foot.	2.125
71468034	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yee%20I-Lann	Yee I-Lann	Yee I-Lann (born 1971) is a Malaysian contemporary artist known for her works using photography, collage, film, collaborative weaving, and everyday objects. Her practice examines power, colonialism, and neocolonialism in Southeast Asia to explore the impact of historic memory on social experience. Since 2018, Yee has been working collaboratively with sea-based and land-based indigenous communities in Sabah, Malaysia. Yee currently lives and works in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. Yee has exhibited in museums across Asia, Europe, the United States, and Australia, including solo exhibitions such as Yee I-Lann: Until We Hug Again (2021) at the Centre for Heritage Arts & Textile in Hong Kong, Fluid World (2011) at the Contemporary Art Centre of South Australia, Adelaide, and Yee I-Lann: 2005–2016 (2016) at the Ayala Museum, Manila, the Philippines. She has participated in the Yinchuan Biennale (2016), the Asia Pacific Triennial (2015, 1999), the Jakarta Biennale (2015), the Singapore Biennale (2013, 2006), and the Fukuoka Asian Art Triennale (2009). During the 1990s, Yee was co-founder of the art collective, labDNA. She shares KerbauWorks, a cross-discipline project label and space, with her partner, the musician and designer Joe Kidd. Yee is a board member for Forever Sabah based in Sabah, and a co-founding partner of Kota-K Studio, an exhibition space and cross-disciplinary platform for art and architecture in Tanjung Aru Old Town, Kota Kinabalu. Early life and education Yee was born in 1971 in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, to Datin Amy-Jean Yee, a retired schoolteacher who is from New Zealand of Pākehā ancestry and a retired civil servant father, Datuk Stanislaus Yee Fong Chun who is a Sino-Kadazan, an indigenous ethnic group of Sabah, albeit of partial mixed Hakka Chinese descent who hailed from suburban Penampang district.	2.265625
71468582	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad%20Abdullah%20Malibari	Muhammad Abdullah Malibari	Muhammad Abdullah Malibari (Arabic: محمد عبد الله مليباري ) was a Saudi writer, storyteller, journalist and critic, who is considered as one of the pioneers of journalism and story in the Kingdom. Along with Fouad Angawi he founded Al Riyada (Sports), the first sports newspaper in the history of Saudi Arabia. He was born in 1931 in Makkah and studied Islamic Law in the Islamic College, Kolkata, India in 1972, Madrasah as-Sawlatiyah and Madrasa al Falah in Makkah. His family belongs to Hadhramaut of Yemen and to Malabar of Kerala. Career In the beginning of his journalistic career, he worked with newspapers like Bilad, Al-Nadwa and Quraish in Saudi Arabia. Later on, along with Fouad Angawi he founded Al Riyada newspaper. Historiography Malibari contributed with his pen and tongue over more than thirty years of his life in writing many diverse articles in Saudi newspapers and his numerous participation in cultural platforms such as literary, critical and historical lectures. He also had a large share of articles in the field of literary criticism from the Islamic point of view. Malibari was passionate about Arab and Islamic history, and in particular the history of Makkah, as he has a book titled Al-Muntaqa min Akhbar Umm Al-Qura (Selected Matters of Umm Al-Qura) in which he collected historical chapters about the region from the pre-Islamic era until the present day. These chapters contain massive information and important historical texts. He wrote another book titled Seventeen men from the companions of the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace (سبعة عشر رجلاً من أصحاب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم). In it, he explained the virtues of these honorable companions, their moral traits, their good conduct and the quality of their companionship to the Messenger of Islam Muhammad, among them Abdullah bin Abbas, Abdullah bin Masoud, Abdullah bin Omar, Abdullah bin Zubair and others. He also penned a book Orientalists and Islamic Studies.	2.40625
71468606	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flinders%20Reef%20%28Coral%20Sea%29	Flinders Reef (Coral Sea)	Flinders Reef or Flinders Reefs is an isolated oceanic coral reef in the Coral Sea of the western Pacific Ocean. It lies east of Australia and the extensive Great Barrier Reef. Due to its remote location, it remains poorly studied. However, this isolation has also made it a potential site to mark the beginning of the Anthropocene. Location Flinders Reef is one of a number of oceanic reefs rising from the Queensland plateau. It lies near the southwest edge, with the Queensland trough to the west separating it from the Great Barrier Reef, and the Townsville trough to the south separating it from the Marion plateau. It is from the Great Barrier Reef, and northeast of the Australian coastline. The position of the reef is around 17°37'S, 148°31'E, with weather station Cay located at 17°44'S, 148°26'E. This area falls within the Coral Sea, which has a tropical climate and high rainfall. Water currents around the reef tend to originate from the southeast, propelled by trade winds. These currents form part of the wider South Equatorial Current. This drives changes in pH in the reef water, while annual pH changes are affected by La Niña events. The prevailing wind is mostly westward, coming from 270°. The region sometimes sees cyclones. Structure The reef is quite large compared to its neighbours, stretching north to south. A continuous reef barrier stretches down the Eastern edge. Rising up from water over deep, most of the reef lies at a depth of just . Sand covers 25 per cent of the reef flats. The main body is sometimes referred to as North Flinders Reef, with South Flinders Reef being a smaller reef lying directly south of the main area. Dart Reef and Heralds Surprise are small reefs lying to the northwest and northeast respectively of the main reef.	3.078125
71468653	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad%20Husayn%20Zaydan	Muhammad Husayn Zaydan	He also contributed and participated in many literature conferences, both internally and externally. Muhammad Husayn Zaydan worked as a teacher in the Saudi school in Medina, teaching Islamic topics in 1346H, then taught the Salafi belief in the orphanage in Madinah, then he was appointed as an assistant director and continued his teaching work until the year 1358H. Muhammad moved to Mecca where he worked as a secretary to the Sheikh of the Jawah sheiks, Sheikh Hamed Abd al-Mannan, in the second half of the fifties, then he moved to governmental work where he was a secretary for the Financial Council of the Ministry of Finance, then head of the accounting department, then head of accounting. He was later assigned as an assistant General Director of the Hajj Directorate in Makkah, then moved as Director of Makkah Finance, then Director General of Riyadh Affairs, then General Inspector of Hajj. In 1374H he left the governmental work so he could be free for journalistic work. He was the managing editor of Al-Bilad newspaper, then its editor-in-chief. He also headed the editor-in-chief of Al-Nadwa newspaper, and during his presidency of the two newspapers, he was a prominent writer in newspapers, particularly the newspapers of the Western Region. When the Muslim World League was established, Al-Zaydan served as assistant secretary-general of the League, and when the King Abdulaziz House was established in Riyadh, he was appointed as a member of the board of directors of the administration, and his cultural standing had the greatest impact on his selection for this position. Finally, he was appointed editor-in-chief of Al-Dara magazine, a magazine concerned with the kingdom's political, cultural, and urban historical monuments. Al-Zaidan, may God have mercy on him, represented Al-Dara magazine in scientific seminars and conferences.	2.015625
71468672	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Bahir%20Dar	History of Bahir Dar	During the Ethiopian Civil War, in May 1988, the 3rd Corp of the Third Revolutionary (TLA) made its headquarters at Bahir Dar. On 3–4 March 1990, the TLA abandoned Bahir Dar, blowing up a nearby bridge to prevent the TPLF/EPRDF occupying the city. On 23 February 1991, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) took control of the city as part of Operation Tewedros. Since the 1990s, the city grew as an industrial zone, received numerous investments, and became the capital of Amhara Region. On 6–9 February 2007, the city hosted a National Investment Bazaar and Trade Fair to honor Millennium celebrations. On 22 June 2019, Bahir Dar was the setting for the Amhara Region coup d'état attempt, which involved coordinated assassinations of Amhara government officials in Bahir Dar and Addis Ababa. Victims of the assassination were the President of Amhara Region Ambachew Mekonnen, advisor Ezez Wassie, General Se'are Mekonnen along with his aide Gizae Aberra, and Amhara Region Attorney General Migbaru Kebede. On 24 June, the state media announced that General Asamnew Tsige was shot dead in Bahir Dar.	1.9375
71469416	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teatro%20Fraschini	Teatro Fraschini	The Teatro Fraschini is an opera house in Pavia, Italy. History The Theater of the Four Noble Knights – the original name of Fraschini – was designed to counter the whims of the noble Giacomo Omodei, an aristocrat from Pavia and owner of one of the most popular theaters in the city around the middle of the 18th century. In fact, it seems that Giacomo Omodei forced the public, and the other aristocrats, to wait for the start of the shows until his arrival. In 1772 four noble Pavesi lords joined to form the Society of Knights: Count Francesco Gambarana Beccaria, Marquis Pio Bellisomi, Marquis Luigi Bellingeri Provera and Count Giuseppe Giorgi of Vistarino. They shared the administration and direction of the theater and had entrusted the project for its realization to Antonio Galli da Bibbiena, representative of an ancient and prestigious family of scenographers-architects. The works for the construction of the Theater of the Four Noble Knights began in 1771 and the theater inaugurated its first season in 1773, in the presence of Archduke Ferdinand Karl of Austria-Este. The theater was inaugurated on May 24, 1773, with the opera Il Demetrio, composed by the Czech composer Josef Mysliveček on verses by Pietro Metastasio. In 1869, the Municipality of Pavia acquired the ownership of the theater, which was soon to be renamed Teatro Fraschini, in honor of the Pavese tenor Gaetano Fraschini. Architecture	2.125
71469531	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentecostal%20Presbyterian%20Church	Pentecostal Presbyterian Church	The Pentecostal Presbyterian Church (in Portuguese Igreja Presbiteriana Pentecostal or IPP) is a denomination of orientation Pentecostal, founded on November 18, 1974, in Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro from a group of dissident members of the Presbyterian Church of Brazil, who adhered to the Pentecostal doctrine of Baptism with the Holy Spirit as a second blessing, after conversion. The denomination stands out for its political participation. In 2020, one of its pastors, Irlan Melo, was elected Alderman, in the Municipality of Belo Horizonte. History The denomination emerged on November 18, 1974, in Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro from a group of members of Presbyterian Church of Brazil claimed to have been baptized by the Holy Spirit, seeking to form a church Pentecostal. As the headquarters church grew, several churches were founded in other locations. In 1991, the denomination's first church was founded in Belo Horizonte, where the denomination experienced rapid growth. Other churches were founded in Rio Grande do Norte and São Paulo in the 2000s. In the 2010s, the denomination spread to other countries, starting to plant churches in Spain. Doctrine The denomination adopts the system known as G12 and believes in the modern apostolate, which is completely rejected by traditional Presbyterian denominations and generally adopted by neo-Pentecostal denominations.	2.15625
71469849	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titris%20Hoyuk	Titris Hoyuk	Titris Hoyuk (also Titriş Höyük) is an ancient Near East archaeological site in Turkey. It lies 45 kilometers north of Şanlıurfa, near the Euphrates River valley. It is a two-period site from the 3rd millennium BC. Unlike most archaeological sites in the region, the primary focus has been on excavating non-elite, mostly domestic, areas rather than elite spaces. It has been suggested that the city name was Dulu in the 3rd millennium BC. History The main mound, 3.3 hectares in area and rising 30 meters above the plane, was occupied from the Chalcolithic through the Islamic periods (including the Hellenistic, Roman, and Medieval periods) and has not yet been excavated. Early Bronze The site was active in two periods. Early Bronze III In the first, between 2700 and 2400 BC, it reached a size of 43 hectares developing in an unplanned manner from the center. This was a time when other northern Mesopotamian sites also experienced significant growth including Tell Brak and Tell Mardikh. There were production areas for Canaanean blades on the outskirts. Early Bronze IV After a period of abandonment the second occupation period began around 2300 BC, reaching 35 hectares. This phase of development was centrally planned with regular streets and terraces. It also gained a 3-meter wide mud brick (with stone foundations) fortification wall complete with a moat. This phase ended by the close of the 3rd millennium BC. A group burial at the end of this phase has been interpreted as the result of a massacre or possibly the result of a battle. In the following several centuries pit graves were cut into the abandoned buildings. A manna (duck) weight inscribed with the name of an official of the Akkadian ruler Shu-durul was recovered from a looted context. Archaeology	2.265625
71470319	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Adams%20%28architect%29	John Adams (architect)	John Adams (died 1938) was a British architect, active in Uruguay at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century. Early life John Adams was born in Brighton, UK, towards the end of the 19th century. He attended school in Weybridge, and later studied architecture and construction in Bath and London at the Royal College of Art. As a student he began to work with the London architects Jordon y Lowether. After graduating from the Royal College, he was employed by the firm W.S. Lascelles & Co, remaining with them for five years. Emigration to South America Adams subsequently found employment with Maple & Co., a British furniture and upholstery manufacturer. In 1890 he moved to Buenos Aires, Argentina, where the company had a subsidiary branch, to manage the interiors of Banco de Londres y Río de la Plata (Bank of London and Río de la Plata) in the capital but also Rosario and Montevideo. He also worked on buildings owned by Banco Británico de la América del Sur in Buenos Aires y Montevideo. Uruguay Four years after Adam's arrival in Montevideo, he had his British qualification validated in Uruguay, and began and prolific period of building activity. From the end of the 19th century through the first two decades of the twentieth century, he worked extensively in the construction of buildings, using both his own and also other architect's designs, managed by his firm. Heavily involved in the English community of Montevideo, he also delivered residential projects, hotels and public transport facilities. From 1910 onwards, he began collaborating with Carlos Sarthou, with whom he would later form a partnership.	2.265625
71470675	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardikiotis%20Grivas	Gardikiotis Grivas	Gardikiotis Grivas (1803 – 23 April 1855), was a Greek leader in the Greek War of Independence in 1821. He distinguished himself in many battles, especially in the Battle of Arachova. He also served as Othon 's aide, undertaking to deal with the movement of 3 September 1843, as well as the rebellion of his brother, Theodoros Grivas. Family He belonged to the historical family of the Grivai, for which there are references as early as 300 years before the revolution (around 1500) and which was a branch of the Albanian Bua tribe. His father was Dimitrios or Drakos Grivas and his brothers were Christos, Floros or Kostas, Stavros and the marshal Theodoros Grivas. His father, a former charioteer of Vonitsis and Xiromero, was poisoned by Ali Pasha, because he did not want to move against the village of Gardiki. Of his brothers, Christos fought in many battles in Sterea and Peloponnese, and Floros fought in the battle of Peta. Theodore was the most prominent, while Stavros served under Theodore and later colluded with him against Otho. Alexios, who is known by the nickname Gardikiotis, the youngest of them all, was born in 1803.	2.109375
71470723	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Esp%C3%ADrito%20Santo	History of Espírito Santo	Duarte de Lemos founded Vitória - at the time called Vila Nova - on the island of Santo Antônio, in a strategic position, more advantageous than Vila Velha for defense against the constant attacks of the natives. At the same time, Jesuit missionaries arrived and engaged in catechesis, which caused clashes with the settlers, who preferred to dominate the indigenous peoples through slavery. Since 1561, the Jesuit Joseph of Anchieta had chosen the village of Reritiba as his refuge, from where he had to be constantly away, due to his duties, either in São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, or Bahia. He wrote two poems in Reritiba: "De Beata Virgine dei Marte Maria" ("Of the Holy Virgin Mary Mother of God") and "De Gestis Mendi de Saa" ("Of the deeds of Mem de Sá"). The latter describes the Battle of Cricaré, an epic of a squadron sent from Bahia by Mem de Sá, general governor of Brazil, to the rescue of Vasco Fernandes Coutinho and his people, who were under siege by the Tamoio on the island of Vitória. The largest force of the indigenous was concentrated in a fortified village by the Cricaré River. The decisive battle took place there, on May 22, 1558. The Portuguese, though victorious, suffered heavy casualties. Among the dead were Mem de Sá's son, Fernão de Sá, who commanded the squadron; and two sons of Caramuru (Diogo Álvares Correia) with the Indian woman Paraguaçu.	2.671875
71470723	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Esp%C3%ADrito%20Santo	History of Espírito Santo	The strategic position of the captaincy, given its proximity to Rio de Janeiro, led to some foreign invasion attempts. In 1592, the Capixabas (natives to the state) repulsed an English onslaught, under the command of Thomas Cavendish. In 1625, the donee Francisco de Aguiar Coutinho faced the first Dutch attack, commanded by Pieter Pieterszoon Hein, a fight in which the heroine Maria Ortiz stood out. In 1640, with seven ships, the Dutch attacked Espírito Santo again, under the command of Colonel Koin. They managed to land 400 men but were repelled by the captain major ("capitão-mor") João Dias Guedes and did not settle in Vitória. They then attacked Vila Velha, from where they were also repulsed. The colonial government, faced with such repeated attacks, decided to send forty infantrymen from the regular troop to Vitória. On this occasion, the captaincy progressed and Koin captured two ships carrying sugar that, hit by land fire, were almost completely damaged. The depletion of the population, which in the early days threatened several times to desert the captaincy, as well as the inability to continue its incipient agriculture, revealed the weakness of the foundations on which the local colonization was based. There, too, private resources proved insufficient to maintain such a difficult and costly enterprise. In 1627, Francisco de Aguiar Coutinho died, whose successor, Ambrósio de Aguiar Coutinho, was not interested in the lordship and continued as governor in the Azores. A succession of captains followed, with frequent and serious disagreements between them and the council officers. Upon coming of age, in 1667, Antônio Luís Gonçalves da Câmara Coutinho, the last descendant of the first donee, was appointed captain major by Antônio Mendes de Figueiredo, an esteemed governor. In 1674, the purchase of the territory from the last donee of the Câmara Coutinho family was made by the Bahia nobleman Francisco Gil de Araújo, for forty thousand cruzados, a transaction confirmed by a royal letter of March 18, 1675.	2.59375
71471096	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leninist%20Young%20Communist%20League%20of%20Lithuania	Leninist Young Communist League of Lithuania	The Leninist Young Communist League of Lithuania ( or LLKJS) or Lithuanian Komsomol () was the Lithuanian branch of the Soviet Komsomol that served as the youth organ of the Communist Party of Lithuania. The organization was for youth ages 14 to 28. Younger children were organized into Pioneers (ages 10 to 14) and Little Octobrists (; ages 7 to 9). Since Komsomol was the only legal youth organization in the Soviet Union, it had significant impact and influence on the youth. The Lithuanian Komsomol was established in January 1919 during the Lithuanian–Soviet War. During the interwar, the Lithuanian Komsomol was outlawed in Lithuania and its members were frequently arrested by the Lithuanian police. The organization grew rapidly after the Soviet occupation of Lithuania and its members actively participated in Lithuania's sovietization. In the 1970s and 1980s, it became such a massive organization that non-members were viewed as anti-Soviet. On 3 June 1989, the Lithuanian Komsomol voted to break away from the All-Union Komsomol and form an independent organization, which became the Young Communist League of Lithuania. History Interwar Lithuania The Lithuanian Komsomol was founded in the context of the Lithuanian–Soviet War. Soviet Russia began its westward offensive in late 1918 pushing into Lithuania and declaring the establishment of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic. Vilnius was captured on 5 January 1919. On 29 January 1919, a provisional Central Bureau of the Lithuanian Komsomol was elected in Vilnius. In 1919–1920, the Lithuanian Komsomol was briefly merged with the Belarusian Komsomol into the Young Communist League of Lithuania and Belorussia as the two Soviet republics were merged into the Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Belorussia.	2.453125
71471400	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild%20Men%27s%20Dance	Wild Men's Dance	Wild Men's Dance (aka Danse Sauvage) is a piano work by Russian-American composer Leo Ornstein, dating from either 1913 or 1914. It is widely regarded as the first classical composition to be composed almost entirely of brash tone clusters, predating the "forearm" music of Henry Cowell by a few years. In 1918, critic Charles L. Buchanan described Ornstein's innovation: "[He] gives us masses of shrill, hard dissonances, chords consisting of anywhere from eight to a dozen notes made up of half tones heaped one upon another." Composition Ornstein had begun composing works containing dissonant and startling sounds in the early 1910s. Ornstein himself was unsettled by the earliest of these compositions: "I really doubted my sanity at first. I simply said, what is that? It was so completely removed from any experience I ever had." On March 27, 1914, in London, he gave his first public performance of works under the banner of "futurism", now known as modernism. Wild Men's Dance was the foremost piece of these concerts. Music scholar Gordon Rumson would describe Wild Men's Dance as, "a work of vehement, unruly rhythm, compounded of dense chord clusters [...] and brutal accents. Complex rhythms and gigantic crashing chords traverse the whole range of the piano. This remains a work for a great virtuoso able to imbue it with a burning, ferocious energy."	2.59375
71471446	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motts%20Creek%20%28Nassau%20County%2C%20New%20York%29	Motts Creek (Nassau County, New York)	Motts Creek (also known as Foster's Brook) is a stream in the Town of Hempstead in Nassau County, on the South Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States. Description Motts Creek runs between Franklin Square and Jamaica Bay. The creek begins underneath Rath Park in Franklin Square, flowing towards the south, west, and southwest to Jamaica Bay. Communities which Motts Creek passes through include Franklin Square, Lynbrook, Malverne, Valley Stream, and Woodmere. Many portions of the creek have been redirected over the years as a result of suburban development and growth. The re-routed sections include culverts and the straightening of the route. A notable section which has been altered is the section underneath Rath Park; this section flows through a storm drain. The creek becomes a tidal creek near the dam at Doxey Brook's southern end; this is near Mott Creek's widest point, which is nearly in total width. From there, Motts Creek continues towards the southwest to Jamaica Bay. USGS monitoring station The United States Geological Survey operates a water monitoring station along Motts Creek. The monitoring station, located off of Rosedale Road, has a monitoring station ID of 01311200.	1.90625
71471830	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisheva%20Baumgarten	Elisheva Baumgarten	Elisheva Baumgarten is the Yitzchak Becker Professor of Jewish Studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. She is an expert on the social and religious history of the Jews of medieval northern Europe (1000-1400). Her research includes those who did not write the sources that have been transmitted, focusing particularly on women and gender hierarchies. Education Baumgarten received her PhD from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 2001. Her doctoral thesis was entitled אמהות וילדים בחברה היהודית בימי הביניים (Mothers and Children: the Medieval Jewish Experience). Research Baumgarten has written and edited several books, most notably Biblical Women and Jewish Daily Life in the Middle Ages (2022), Practicing Piety: Religious Observance and Daily Life in the Medieval Jewish Communities of Northern Europe (2016) and Mothers and Children: Jewish Family Life in Medieval Europe (2007). Her project, Beyond the Elite: Jewish Daily Life in Medieval Europe, was funded by the European Research Council (2016–2022). It explores what daily life was like for the Jews of northern France and Germany (Ashkenaz) from 1100 to 1350. Baumgarten has received awards and fellowships from the Katz Center for Advanced Judaic Studies at the University of Pennsylvania, the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton and the Institute for Advanced Studies in Jerusalem. She was the recipient of the 2016 Michael Bruno Memorial Award for outstanding Israeli researchers. She has received research grants from the Israel Science Foundation, the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, the European Research Council, and the German-Israel Foundation. Bibliography	2.3125
71471909	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los%20Angeles%20County%20Department%20of%20Beaches%20and%20Harbors	Los Angeles County Department of Beaches and Harbors	The Los Angeles County Department of Beaches and Harbors is responsible for 20 beaches and the Marina Del Rey small-craft harbor in Los Angeles County, California. Marina The department also manages the Marina Del Rey small-craft harbor, which has “4,600 boat slips in 23 marinas” and brings in nearly $60 million annually in revenue. The Marina function was added by the Board of Supervisors in 1954. The department also operates Burton Chace Park, and monitors raptor and waterbird nesting sites in Marina Del Rey's urban forest; tree trimmers wishing to work in the area must apply for a special permit. Beaches Management of the beaches was shifted from the Parks and Recreation department in May 1969. L.A. native Dick Fitzgerald was the first director of the Department of Beaches. In 1976, Fitzgerald advocated for marine reserves to protect the tide pool ecosystems at Abalone Cove and Vista Sudeste. Circa 1975, when the city of Los Angeles handed over management of the “lifeguards, maintenance, parking and concessions” at their beaches to the county, the department oversaw of the of beaches in the county, including miles of “improved beaches.” “The beaches surrounding Santa Monica Bay were visited by more than 42.5 million people in 1987,” according to the department's Lifeguard Division. The Los Angeles County Lifeguards were transferred to the Los Angeles County Fire Department in 1994. The following beaches are owned or operated by the department, sometimes in partnership with the State of California or a city government: Dan Blocker Beach Dockweiler Beach El Sol Beach Hermosa Beach Las Tunas Beach Latigo Shores Beach Malibu Surfrider Beach Manhattan Beach Mother's Beach (aka Marina Beach) Nicholas Canyon Beach Point Dume Beach Point Fermin Beach Redondo Beach Topanga Beach Venice Beach White Point/Royal Palms Beach Will Rogers Beach Zuma Beach Beaches and Harbors also runs the Dockweiler Beach RV parking and campground facilities, as well as Dockweiler Youth Center.	2.25
71472254	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%20of%20the%20Fur%20Trade	Women of the Fur Trade	Women of the Fur Trade is a play by written by Frances Koncan about the Métis-led Red River Resistance against European colonisers. It premiered in 2020. Production The play is written by Frances Koncan of Couchiching First Nation. 2020 production In the Royal Manitoba Theatre Centre's 2020 production that ran at the Warehouse Theatre, Cecelia was played by Liz Whitbread, Marie-Angelique was played by Kathleen MacLean, and Eugenia was played by Kelsey Kanatan Wavey. John Cook plays Louis Riel and Toby Hughes plays Thomas Scott. Audrey Dwyer directed. Synopsis Women of the Fur Trade is set in one room of a fort in Red River during the 19th century Red River Resistance. It features three women who discuss their perspectives on the changing world around them, European influence, the fur trade and the Métis leader Louis Riel. The three characters are Métis women Marie-Angelique; an Ojibwe Manitoban trapper, Eugenia; and a European settler, Cecelia. Marie-Angelique is a strong supporter of Louis Riel, Cecelia has a romantic crush on Thomas Scott, who is killed by Riel, and Eugenia cares for no men. The narration switches between 19th and 21st century language and perspectives, as the women talk about men, the relationships between Indigenous peoples and European settlers. The play incorporates comedic elements. Critical reception Women of the Fur Trade won the Toronto Fringe Festival Best New Play award in 2018. Journalist Stephanie Cram, reviewing the play for the CBC described it as a "fun and clever" look at Manitoba's history. Ian Ross of the Winnipeg Free Press described the play as "a timely, provocative piece of theatre written from a perspective and voice we need to hear."	1.960938
71472524	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bug%20%28Canadian%20play%29	Bug (Canadian play)	Bug is a play by Indigenous playwright Yolanda Bonnell that was a Governor General's Award 2020 finalist. The play is the story of an Indigenous mother and daughter, their substance addictions, incorporating themes of racialised and colonial violence. Production Bug was written by Yolanda Bonnell of Fort William First Nation in Thunder Bay Set design was by Jay Havens of the Mohawk nation. Bonnell plays the character Manidoons. Upon the play's release, Yolanda Bonnell asked that only people of colour review the play, which premiered at the Luminato festival in 2018. Synopsis Bug has two characters, a mother and daughter, both played by Bonnell, both struggling with addiction, both unsure of the reasons why. The two characters never interact. The play includes themes of the Sixties Scoop, of queer and two-spirit leadership, it includes colonial violence, racial violence, and gender-based violence, along with intergenerational trauma. Critical reception J. Kelly Nestruck equated the Bug's narrative to the Anishinaabe creation story. Karyn Recollet of the Globe and Mail, when asked to score the play, said "If I were to provide a rating then, it would be a full-on constellation." The play was a finalist for the Governor General's Literary Awards.	2.34375
71472873	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland%20Pym	Roland Pym	Roland Vivian Pym (12 June 1910 ― 12 January 2006) was a British painter, illustrator and theatrical designer. Known for his elegant romanticism, Pym's work celebrated fashionable London society as well as country life, and drew comparisons to the more prominent Rex Whistler. Early life Born in Cheveley, a village just outside Newmarket, Pym moved to Brasted in Kent as a young child when his father inherited the family home, Foxwold. After education at Ludgrove and Eton, he studied at the Slade School of Art and specialised in theatre design, with Osbert Lancaster (two years his senior) as one of his fellow students. Work Active as a mural painter, Pym completed a pre-war commission for Bryan Guinness, 2nd Baron Moyne at his home in Biddesden, which marked the start of a long friendship and various other murals and illustrations produced for the Guinness family, many of which appeared in the children's books authored by Guinness, including The Story of Johnny and Jemima (1936), The Children in the Desert (1947) and The Story of Catriona and the Grasshopper (1958). After war service in the Royal Artillery, Pym enjoyed his heyday as a theatrical designer when he was hired by Binkie Beaumont to create sets and costumes for ballets and plays. He also produced set designs for Lohengrin at Covent Garden and Eugene Onegin in Paris. For the coronation of Queen Elizabeth, in 1953, Pym decorated the Queen's Retiring Room at Westminster Abbey. When his stylistic preferences fell out of fashion Pym was able to fall back on murals. His biggest single commission was The Saloon at Woburn Abbey, 1971–1975, in "typical tones of blue and pink", for the Duke of Bedford. Pym also experienced a late career renaissance as an illustrator when he was commissioned by The Folio Society to work on the Nancy Mitford novels The Pursuit of Love (1991) and Love in a Cold Climate (1992). He followed these with new editions of Edith Sitwell's English Eccentrics (1994) and Thackeray's Vanity Fair (1996).	2.296875
71473103	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom%20of%20Western%20Georgia	Kingdom of Western Georgia	Georgian Civil War and final independence In 1455, Bagrat, maternal grandson of Duke Demetrius of Imereti, inherited the duchy and became a loyal vassal to the Georgian crown. However, in the early 1460s, he allied himself with the Georgian prince Qvarqvare II of Samtskhe, who continued his dynastic struggle against the central Georgian government, and the Sultan of Aq Qoyunlu Uzun Hasan against the Kingdom of Georgia. A major confrontation took place in August 1463 at the Battle of Chikhori, during which the troops loyal to King George VIII of Georgia were defeated by the Samtskhe-Saatabago and Bagrat. Bagrat took advantage of his victory to capture Kutaisi and was crowned king of western Georgia, recreating the kingdom for a fourth time. In exchange for their political support, King Bagrat recognised the sovereigns of Mingrelia, Abkhazia, Svaneti and Guria as princes, raising their status within the Georgian political class. Thanks to this alliance, the new king built up a large army that invaded the eastern province of Kartli and captured Tbilisi in 1465, using his new territory to have himself crowned once again, this time as King of United Georgia under the name of Bagrat VI, by the Catholicos of Georgia, in exchange for certain bribes. The situation descended into chaos when Bagrat's predecessor, George VIII, managed to escape from his prison in Kutaisi and took control of the eastern region of Kakheti, declaring the province's independence, while Constantine, Bagrat's half-brother, rebelled and seized northern Georgia. This triumvirate of Georgian kings caused a civil war that lasted until the end of the century.	2.609375
71474025	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coptic%20Orthodox%20Sunday%20School%20Movement	Coptic Orthodox Sunday School Movement	Events at the start of the 19th century, such as the French Expedition to Egypt, and the rise of Muhammad Ali, lead to a further increase in European influence and presence in Egypt. Muhammad Ali sought to establish an independent nation state in Egypt, similar to those of Western Europe. To achieve this mission he opened the country up to foreign interests in hopes of benefiting from their expertise in modernizing the Egyptian economy, military, bureaucracy, and education system. With the establishment of foreign schools, came foreign missionaries who at first attempted to proselytize to the general population. However, finding resistance from the government and Islamic institutions, they decided to focus only on the Coptic Christians. One of the earliest groups, the Church Missionary Society (CMS), a British Protestant Evangelistic Society arrived in Egypt in the 1820s. Unlike the Catholics who had established their own Church in Egypt parallel to the Coptic Church, the CMS aimed to change the Coptic Church from within. In addition to distributing Arabic Bibles and tracts, the society also founded a Coptic Seminary in 1843, aimed to educate the Coptic clergy and spread the missionaries' beliefs to them. Although the mission was tolerated by Pope Peter VII, the clergy were suspicious of the mission and did not enroll in its seminary, which ended up shutting down by 1848.	2.921875
71474025	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coptic%20Orthodox%20Sunday%20School%20Movement	Coptic Orthodox Sunday School Movement	Foundations of the Sunday School Movement In 1898, while still a student at the Cairo Coptic Seminary, Habib Girgis began informally gathering every Sunday with the children at Saint Mary's Church in Faggala to teach them about the Bible, Coptic rites, church history, and the lives of the saints and martyrs. In these meetings he sought to replicate the model of the Sunday Schools run by the missionaries in order to better educate the Coptic children on their faith. In 1899 he published his first Coptic Catechism book, The Doctrines of the Coptic Orthodox Faith: A Foundational Synopsis. Since there were no Coptic Orthodox prepared children's media to aid in catechism at the time, he took it upon himself to adapt the materials from the protestant Sunday Schools to be used in Coptic catechism. As the service began to flourish, Habib Girgis began to expand to other churches in Cairo, recruiting the assistance of other seminarians. In 1900, he began traveling to Upper Egypt to begin implementation of the new program there. As the Coptic Sunday Schools began to spread across Egypt, Habib Girgis and others established the society of Al-Mahaba to help in organizing it. In 1907 Pope Cyril V wrote a message to encourage the Sunday School Servants and pastors in continuing to educate the future generations. While the movement met much resistance in its formative years, by 1907 there were more than 46 Coptic Sunday Schools, a significant number given the movements young age at the time.	2.75
71474077	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Lion%2C%20the%20Witch%2C%20and%20the%20Wardrobe%20%282017%20play%29	The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe (2017 play)	The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe is a stage adaptation of the book of the same name by C. S. Lewis, the first installment of The Chronicles of Narnia. The play was devised by the original company with Adam Peck as the writer in the room. Synopsis The play follows the four Pevensie children, Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy, who evacuate wartime London to stay in the countryside, where they find a wardrobe leading to the fantasy world of Narnia. The siblings learn that their arrival was prophesied and they must rally its inhabitants under Aslan to defeat the forces of Jadis, the White Witch. Production history World premiere: Leeds (2017) The production premiered at the Quarry Theatre of the Leeds Playhouse (then the West Yorkshire Playhouse) in Leeds running from 29 November 2017 to 27 January 2018. Produced by Elliott Harper Productions, the play was directed by Sally Cookson and designed by Rae Smith. Other creatives include movement director Dan Canham, puppetry director Craig Leo, aerial director Gwen Hales, and fight directors Rachel Bown-Williams and Ruth Cooper-Brown. The production featured Michael Jean-Marain, Patricia Allison, John Leader, and Cora Kirk as the Pevensies; Aslan is played by Iain Johnstone and the White Witch by Carla Mendonça. Aslan was portrayed by both a human actor and a large canopy-like puppet head that would be carried above by ensemble members. London (2019) The show made its London debut from 9 November 2019 to 2 February 2020 at the Bridge Theatre. It is largely the same production that had premiered two years prior, with a majority of the creative team, including Cookson, reuniting in the rehearsal room. The cast featured Femi Akinfolarin, Shalisa James-Davis, John Leader, and Keziah Joseph as the Pevensie children; Wil Johnson as Aslan, and Laura Elphinstone as the White Witch.	2.296875
71474368	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AzaadiSAT	AzaadiSAT	AzaadiSAT was an Indian Earth observation 8U Cubesat weighing around 8 kg developed by the Space Kidz India as a test payload on the maiden launch of the Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV). It was hitching a ride with EOS-02, the primary satellite of the mission. The launch on 7 August 2022 was a failure in the rocket leading to imminent return to atmosphere for the rocket and the satellites (AzaadiSAT and EOS-02) it carried, destroying them all. Its successor AzaadiSAT-2 was launched onboard SSLV-D2. Development It was created to mark India’s 75th year of independence. This anniversary was being marked in 2022 by the Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav celebrations throughout the country, and the CubeSat was part of this campaign. AzaadiSAT was built by schoolgirls from 75 schools across India. 10 girls from each school were involved, for a total of 750 students involved. The mission was created to give girls from lower-income backgrounds the opportunity to learn the fundamentals of spaceflight, as part of the United Nations theme of “women in space.” It gave a feeling of pride and importance to women when the satellite was launched Characteristics It carried 75 different payloads each weighing around 50 grams and conducting femto-experiments. Girl students from rural regions across the country were provided guidance to build these payloads. The payloads were integrated by the student team of "Space Kidz India". The payloads included a UHF-VHF transponder working in ham radio frequency to enable voice and data transmission for amateur radio operators, a solid state PIN diode-based radiation counter to measure the ionising radiation in its orbit, a long-range transponder and a selfie camera to take pictures of its solar panels and the Earth. The ground system developed by ‘Space Kidz India’ was to be utilised for receiving the data from this satellite.	2.71875
71474403	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilophus%20nigrostigma	Dilophus nigrostigma	Dilophus nigrostigma is a species of Bibionidae fly endemic to New Zealand. It is the largest and most common species of Dilophus in New Zealand. Taxonomy Dilophus nigrostigma was first described as Bibio nigrostigma in 1848. In 1901, Frederick Hutton reclassified the species into the genus Dilophus. D. nigrostigma was last revised in 1990. Description Compared to other New Zealand endemic Dilophus, D. nigrostigma is quite large (roughly 7–8mm in length). They can be further distinguished from the other species by the presence of three large spines on the fore tibia. The species is sexually dimorphic, with the males coloured black and the females light brown to reddish in colour. Distribution and habitat The species is restricted to New Zealand. It occurs on the two main islands, Stewart Island and the Chatham Islands.The adults occur from April to July, but are most common from November to February. Plant associations Dilophus nigrostigma frequently visits a variety of plants, presumably to feed on nectar. Reported plant associations are listed below.	2.125
71474484	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eva%20Duldig	Eva Duldig	She was the highest-ranked female player for the Netherlands in the first Federation Cup, held in 1957 at Queens Club. In June 1963 she played in the 1963 Federation Cup against Switzerland, defeating Alice Wavre in singles, and winning in doubles against Janine Bourgnon and Anne-Marie Studer with her partner Jenny Ridderhof. That same month she played in the Fed Cup against the United States, and was defeated by Darlene Hard in singles, and by Billie Jean Moffitt (King) and Carole Caldwell, while partnering Jenny Ridderhof, in the quarter-final. Australian Championships In January 1968 she played in the 1968 Australian Championships in women's singles, and defeated Kay Williams in Round 1, and Kerry Ballard in Round 2, before losing to Lesley Bowrey in Round 3. In women's doubles, she partnered Robin Lesh, and they lost in the first round to American Mary-Ann Beattie and Australian Lynne Nette. Honors In 2000, she was inducted into the Maccabi Victoria Hall of Fame. Family and later life Duldig met Dutch Maccabiah tennis player Henri de Jong on a Tel Aviv tennis court at the 1961 Maccabiah Games in Israel. They became engaged five days after they met, and married in February 1962 in Australia at the St Kilda Hebrew Congregation synagogue. They initially lived for three years in Arnhem in Holland before settling in Melbourne. They were married for 57 years until his death in 2019. Her daughter, Tania de Jong, is an Australian soprano, social entrepreneur, and businesswoman. In 1965, the family returned to Melbourne, and after she gave birth to two more children, Antony and Pieter, Duldig found it challenging to maintain her tennis. After her tennis career, she worked as a recreation consultant, an author, and a designer of playgrounds. She founded the Duldig Studio in 2002 in East Malvern. It is run as a non-profit public museum and art gallery from their former house. It displays the works of her parents.	2.171875
71474746	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lal%20Dighi%2C%20Chittagong	Lal Dighi, Chittagong	Lal Dighi is an area located in Chittagong, Bangladesh. Its location is at the end of Jail Road in the city. Lal Dighi is spread over an area of 2.70 acres. On one side of it is Andarkilla. Around it are district council buildings and local bank branches. It belongs to Ward No. 32 of Chittagong City Corporation. History In 1761, the British East India Company gained control of Chittagong. At that time Entekali Kachari i.e. Land Tehsil Office (now Metropolitan Police Office) was painted red. It was known as “Lalkuthi” by the people. To the east of this red gate was the jail. It was also painted red and hence came to be known as “Lalghar”. These two buildings were guarded by British hillmen wearing red turbans. Many people think that this is why the buildings are named Lal Ghar and Lal Kuthi. There was a small pond next to the red house and the red hut. At the beginning of English rule in Chittagong, the pond was enlarged and turned into a lake. This Dighi is known as Lal Dighi because there were two red buildings next to it. Ownership On the north side of Lal Dighi is a mosque with the year 1939 written on its dome. The name of Taqi Ismail Muhammad is written on it. He is a landlord. His native house was Badarkhali village of Chakaria upazila. He used to spend his free time on the banks of the then open Lal Dighi. He was the guardian of Lal Dighi. Later he handed over the ownership of the Dighi to the Government Muslim High School.	2.546875
71474961	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runic%20animal	Runic animal	Runic animals () are the decorative animal figures on runic inscriptions, especially on runestones, which belong to and the like. These figures traditionally take the shape of slender serpentine creatures, such as serpents, dragons and other beasts, and usually form the runic bands on which the inscription is affixed by framing the runes with their silhouette so that the inscription band and the runic animal's body are one. They are traditionally carved in meandering loops together with elements that attach them to the writing, for example through so-called binding, which means that one or more runic animals are chained or intertwined with themselves or each other to form ring patterns. Typology Swedish archeologist Anne-Sofie Gräslund established and dated a stylistic typology for the ornamentation of runestones during the 1990s. Her system was a breakthrough and has now become widely accepted. Gräslund established among other that the older runic animals mainly consisted of snakes and serpents (serpent bands), while later types replaced the serpents with dragons or potentially lindworms (dragon bands).	2.703125
71475182	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian%20locomotive%20class%20SP	Indian locomotive class SP	Engines built to this design worked the broad-gauge lines of British Indian railways; however, only government-operated railways designated these locomotives as the SP class. Beyer, Peacock and Company delivered 10 locomotives to the North Western Railway (NWR), which became the Pakistan Western Railway and the Eastern Punjab Railway upon the partition of India. Design The design parameters outlined by the BESC were as follows: the locomotives were designed to use the same boiler as the SG (Standard Goods) class locomotives, which had a diameter of , and later the same boiler as the PT class locomotives—the latter two locomotives built to broad gauge, two inside cylinders, a Belpaire firebox, and saturated steam. The valve gear used was the Stephenson valve gear which was fitted inside the frames. The grate was fitted between the two driving wheels. The diameter of the driving wheels necessitated splashers to be fitted over the wheels. A small pilot was fitted to the locomotive's buffer beam. The cab was enclosed, with the cab's rear wall being formed by the tender's half cab. A later version was designed with a superheater and designated SPS (Standard Passenger, Superheated); SP locomotives retrofitted with superheaters were usually reclassified as SPC (Standard Passenger, Converted). Preservation Two SPS locomotives, operated by Pakistan Railways until the late 20th century, are preserved. SPS 3157 is preserved in the Museum of Science and Industry (MOSI) in Manchester, having been repatriated in 1982 after being withdrawn a year prior. The other example, SPS 3078, is on display at Faisalabad Railway Station in Pakistan.	2.328125
71475327	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cain%20and%20Abel%20%28Titian%29	Cain and Abel (Titian)	Cain and Abel (Italian: Caino e Abele) is an oil painting by the Venetian painter Titian. It was made in about 1543–1545 for the church of Santo Spirito, but is now in the basilica of Santa Maria della Salute. Subject The scene in question is the first murder recounted in the Genesis narrative. Cain and Abel were two brothers, the first sons of Adam and Eve. Cain, the firstborn, was a farmer, and Abel was a shepherd. The brothers made sacrifices to God, but God accepted the firstlings offered by Abel rather than the first fruits offered by Cain. Cain, full of jealousy, called out Abel into the fields, and slew him. History It was about the beginning of the 1540s that Titian received commissions for a great number of pictures from the brothers of the church of Santo Spirito, who already possessed the work of his early career, the San Marco Enthroned. One altarpiece represented the Descent of the Holy Spirit, but having been damaged had to be restored later by Titian. The picture on the same subject, which is now in the Church of the Salute, belongs to another period in Titian's activity. The whole collection of art treasures from Santo Spirito was transported to the Church of the Salute in the seventeenth century, where they remain today. In the ceiling of the sacristy of the Salute, above the altar, are three creations of this period (): Cain and Abel, Abraham and Isaac, and David and Goliath. Analysis Georg Gronau writes of these three pictures collectively: Gallery	2.28125
71475434	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa%20Beiser	Alexa Beiser	Alexa S. Beiser is an American professor of biostatistics and public health researcher. Biography Beiser did her PhD in mathematics at Boston University, following her M.A. at the University of California, San Diego in Applied Mathematics and B.A. in Biology and Psychology from the University of California, Santa Cruz. She has worked at the Boston University School of Public Health since 1985, currently in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) neurology group. Beiser co-developed the biostatistics doctoral program at Boston University. Research She has worked on areas such as risk factors for dementia, how stress affects memory, and how physical activity can improve health for people with diabetes. She currently leads the FHS neurology group data management team, with a focus of analysing data relating to dementia. Selected papers Plasma Homocysteine as a Risk Factor for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease, N Engl J Med 2002; 346:476-483, Lifetime Risk for Development of Atrial Fibrillation, Circulation. 2004;110:1042–1046, Residual Lifetime Risk for Developing Hypertension in Middle-aged Women and Men, JAMA. 2002;287(8):1003-1010, Books co-authored Introductory Applied Biostatistics, Ralph B. D'Agostino Sr., Lisa M. Sullivan, Alexa Beiser,	1.945313
78841772	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheval%20mirror	Cheval mirror	Most researchers assume the cheval mirror to be a European invention (however, Wu Hung asserts that the furniture piece was first created in China using European glass panes). The European glass manufacturing breakthrough started in 1664, when Jean-Baptiste Colbert stole the secrets of mirror manufacturing from Venice, thus enabling the construction of the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles. The size of individual mirrors was still small: the 17 seemingly large window-like panes in the Hall of Mirrors are in fact stitched from 357 small pieces of mirror glass. In 1687, developed a process of glass casting that enabled first truly large glass mirrors, impossible to make using the traditional glass blowing process. Martin Lister reported in 1699 seeing an 88 by 48 inches mirror with thickness of just inch. The cost of mirror production rapidly decreased: in the beginning of the 18th century a 180 by 100 centimeters mirror would fetch a princely sum of 750 British pounds (and the larger 230 x 115 cm one was going for "astronomical" 3,000 pounds), the prices had halved by the 1730s. The mirrors were still predominantly installed on the walls, mostly in order to visually expand the indoor space. In China, the period of Emperor Kangxi saw the creation of a free-standing chaping mirror-screen. In Europe, the cheval glasses of approximately the height of the human (1.5 to 2 meters) became popular in the late 18th century, originally referred to as glass screens (by analogy with decorative screens). In 1787, a visitor to Paris recorded the cheval mirror as a "pleasant invention", but by the 1820s-1830s this furniture item became a staple in every bourgeois' bedroom or dressing room. During the process, the mirror shape turned to oval, original harsh lines of the frame were softened, the angle adjustment mechanism was added, occasionally side mirrors were added to expand the reflected area.	2.578125
78841966	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Revue%20Universelle	La Revue Universelle	La Revue universelle was a French periodical published in Paris from 1920 to 1944. It was founded by Jacques Bainville (director) and Henri Massis (editor-in-chief) following the publication of the manifesto "Pour un parti de l'intelligence" in Le Figaro on July 19, 1919. The journal's program aimed to "unite all who, worldwide, take a stand against destruction, fortify and expand relationships between groups dedicated to the cause of the mind." An earlier publication under the same name was issued by Éditions Larousse between 1901 and 1905, directed by Georges Moreau (1853–1934). First Series: 1920–1940 Founded in 1920, La Revue universelle was a nationalist journal (royalist and Catholic) with an editorial line close to that of L'Action française. Contributors included Charles Benoist, Marie de Roux, Robert Havard de La Montagne, René Johannet, Georges Valois, Firmin Bacconnier, Pierre-Antoine Cousteau, Georges Gaudy, Gustave Thibon, Pierre Gaxotte, Claude Roy, and Gonzague de Reynold. The journal had a particular interest in foreign policy. In addition to its founders, major contributors included Jacques Maritain (philosophy), Charles Maurras, Maurice Vaussard, and Henri Gouhier. Its art, literature, and philosophy sections, written by Léon Daudet, Thierry Maulnier, André Rousseaux, and Robert Brasillach, were highly regarded. Its political articles reflected the policies of Action française. During the 1930s, the journal supported authoritarian regimes, particularly António de Oliveira Salazar in Portugal (especially under Massis's authorship). However, from 1930 onward, it campaigned against German rearmament, the resurgence of Germanism, and the rise of Nazism, making it one of the first significant publications to denounce Hitlerism and warn of the unpreparedness of democracies for an inevitable conflict with Germany.	2.375
78842066	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris%2C%20Linn%20County%2C%20Kansas	Paris, Linn County, Kansas	Paris was the first county seat of Linn County, Kansas, in the United States. It once had a population of about 300 or 400 people and was abandoned in the 1860s. It was a rallying point for pro-slavery men during Bleeding Kansas. History Paris was named for Paris, Kentucky, the former home of James L. Barlow, "a lawyer of considerable ability" and a slave owner, one of the town's most prominent citizens. James P. Fox, "by profession a lawyer, but without much ability in this line beyond a vocabulary of invective, abuse, and an abundant supply of cuss words", one of the earliest settlers of the county, the first treasurer of the county, and a pro-slavery man elected to both the Big Springs and Topeka conventions, settled in the area. In 1856 he used his influence to have his claim selected as the town site for Paris and the county seat. The Paris Town Company was incorporated by a special act approved February 14, 1857, and consisted of James P. Fox, John H. Tate, I. T. Glover, and Luke Grimes. In the summer of 1858 one of the murderers of the Marais des Cygnes massacre, Charles Matlock, was arrested and taken to Paris, where he managed to escape his guard, never to be captured again. The first Republican Convention in Linn County convened at Paris on March 12, 1859.	1.929688
78842078	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transient%20masculinization	Transient masculinization	Transient masculinization (or transient virilization) is a biological phenomenon in which female individuals of certain species temporarily exhibit physical or behavioral traits typically associated with males. Unlike permanent masculinization, which results in lifelong male-like characteristics, transient masculinization is limited to specific developmental stages or life events and often regresses over time. These traits may include altered genital morphology, increased androgen levels, or male-typical behaviors that serve adaptive purposes within specific ecological and social contexts. The fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox), a carnivorous mammal endemic to Madagascar, is a well-documented example of transient masculinization. Juvenile female fossas develop masculinised genitalia, such as an enlarged clitoris resembling a penis, which diminishes as they reach sexual maturity. This phenomenon is hypothesized to reduce male harassment during vulnerable developmental stages, among other potential benefits. Transient masculinization is distinct from other forms of sexual dimorphism or masculinization and has been observed in a small but ecologically diverse range of species. Studying this phenomenon sheds light on the complex interplay between hormones, behavior, and evolutionary pressures shaping sex-specific traits. Biological Mechanisms Transient masculinization is driven by complex hormonal processes that result in temporary expression of male-typical physical or behavioral traits in females. The phenomenon is primarily mediated by the endocrine system, particularly the secretion and regulation of androgens such as testosterone. These hormones influence the development of masculinised traits during specific life stages or contexts, and their effects diminish when hormonal levels subside, or regulatory mechanisms change.	2.296875
78842263	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Majdi%20fi%20Ansab%20al-Talibiyyin	Al-Majdi fi Ansab al-Talibiyyin	As Ibn Sufi himself says, from childhood he studied various sciences, especially genealogy, and benefited from the presence of great masters. Ibn Tawus (a Shiite jurist, theologian, historian and astrologer) considered Ibn Sufi as the foremost genealogist of his time, and according to Ibn Inabah (a Shiite historian and genealogist), Ibn Sufi's statement in the field of genealogy was a proof. Ibn Sufi traveled to many lands and cities to gain experience and knowledge in sciences specially in genealogy, such as Ramla, Nusaybin, Levant, Mayafarfin, Egypt, Oman, Kufa, and Ukbara. Ibn Sufi has also been introduced by some historians as a writer, poet, and jurist. The subject of the book The book "Al-Majdi fi Ansab al-Talibiyyin" includes the genealogy of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad and his family, especially the twelve Shiite Imams. The subject of this book is the genealogy of Sadat. Authentic Shia hadiths have been used to prove the ratios mentioned in the book. The book "Al-Majdi fi Ansab al-Talibiyyin" was an important work on the subject of the Islamic genealogy dates back to the fifth century AH11th century AD/CE, in which the author discusses the genealogies of the descendants of the Alawites and Talebites, especially the genealogy of the first Shia Imam, Ali, and his descendants. The content The author first briefly discusses the lineage of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and then discusses the lineage of Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib's family. The three main parts of the book include the genealogy of the three sons of Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib, namely Ali, Jafar, and Aqil, and the description of the genealogy of the family of Ali, the first Shiite Imam, occupies a larger part.	2.265625
78842263	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Majdi%20fi%20Ansab%20al-Talibiyyin	Al-Majdi fi Ansab al-Talibiyyin	The last section of the book is about the genealogy of the descendants of Aqil ibn Abi Talib (an elder brother of Ali). This section mentions that Aqil ibn Abi Talib's nickname is "Abu Yazid" and that he had 18 sons. The final article in the book is about the genealogy of Aqil ibn Abi Talib's grandson, "Ja'far ibn Abdullah ibn Aqil", who died in Harran in 946 CE334 AH, and the final matter in the book is about his children who lived in Aleppo, Beirut, and Egypt. Importance of the book The book "Al-Majdi fi Ansab al-Talibiyyin" enjoyed considerable fame and prestige during the lifetime of its author and was popular in the East and West of the Islamic world. This work is a classic and educational text in Islamic genealogy, and Islamic genealogists consider it obligatory for elders to read it. In many Islamic genealogy books dating back to the fifth and sixth century AH11th and 12th century AD/CE, the book "Al-Majdi fi Ansab al-Talibiyyin" is cited and quoted. This shows that the author of the book, Ibn Sufi, was trusted by other genealogists of the time.	2.234375
78843076	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galerie%20Miethke	Galerie Miethke	Miethke began an exhibition of the work of the Austrian painter Franz Rumpler in April 1897. The gallery displayed over 200 works by Rumpler, the Viennese Academy professor, encompassing oil paintings, watercolors, and drawings. The Austrian emperor Franz Joseph I notably visited the Rumpler Exhibition at the gallery on 14 May 1897 to view the paintings. He took interest in Rumpler's individual works, especially the landscape painting "Area near Mies in Bohemia", the "Peasant Types from Bohemia", the portrait of the artist's mother, and the "Parade in Tachau". Galerie Miethke in December 1897 curated an exhibition that included all the artworks that German painter Franz von Stuck had produced in recent times. The Franz Stuck exhibition included the following paintings: "The Fall of Man", "Paradise Lost", "Procession of Bacchantes", "The Bad Conscience", "Sin", and a portrait of Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria. The works were displayed at the gallery before being auctioned as private property. Moll's Creative Direction In 1904, H.O. Miethke retired from the business, and the gallery changed ownership twice, from Hans Weidenbusch to Paul Bacher. The new owner, Bacher, was a close friend of Austrian painter Gustav Klimt. That year, Carl Moll, an Austrian painter of the Vienna Secession, was installed as artistic consultant and organized significant exhibitions. Between November and December 1905, the gallery at Dorotheergasse 11 hosted an exhibition showcasing art by modern Munich painters. The first floor of Galerie Miethke was filled with the works of artists like Franz Stuck, Fritz von Uhde, Adolf Hengeler, Julius and Wilhelm Diez, Hans Harburger, Fritz Hegenbart, Walter Geffcken, Josef Willroider, Nikolaos Gyzis, Count Freiburg, Hans Reinhold Lichtenberger, Gino Parin, Carl Friedrich, Benno Becker, among others.	2.625
78843161	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delacorte%20Fountain	Delacorte Fountain	There were instances when the Delacorte Fountain was not operated due to conservation measures or equipment issues. The fountain was shut down in the mid-1970s during New York City's fiscal crisis, saving the city a cost of $48,000 from the fountain's annual electricity bill. It was also turned off during periods of droughts to avoid being viewed as a symbol of conspicuous consumption. The fountain's water intake valve became clogged multiple times due to all kinds of flotsam from the East River, which included a total of 11 drowned bodies. A faulty valve on the fountain prevented it from operating for the first half of 1983. By the mid-1980s, the fountain was capable of only reaching a height of due to equipment problems. When the fountain was working, it was being turned on four times a day—during the morning and afternoon rush hours, at lunchtime, and in the evening. In 1985, residents of the Sutton Place neighborhood of Manhattan donated over 50 cedar and pine trees that were planted at the southern tip of the Roosevelt Island to beautify their views of the East River. The residents feared that the chlorinated water from the spray of the fountain would kill the trees and sought a commitment from Delacorte to install a device to shield the trees from the spray. He had engineers investigate the issue, but did not install a protective device because of the cost and that there was no guarantee that the trees would be protected. The trees ended up dying because the topsoil surrounding them had been washed away by the force of falling water from the fountain.	2.6875
78843223	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbegane%20Ndour	Mbegane Ndour	Mbegane Ndour, also spelled Mbegaan Nduur, was the founder and first king of the Kingdom of Saloum in present-day Senegal. Family and Early Life According the legend, Mbegane Ndour was the nephew of Maad a Sinig Maissa Wali, although this is likely a later invention to legitimate him, as the timelines do not match up. His mother was injured, and sent by the Bour Sine to the village of Mboudaye, south of the Saloum river, to heal. There, she was impregnated by the famous warrior Maari Nduur, commonly known as Marga Tiatj. After Ndour was born, his father came to Sine to claim his bride, although the baby was raised in Sine. Certainly, he was a part of the royal Guelowar clan. His early career is subject of numerous, sometimes contradictory, oral traditions. Most likely he participated in wars in both Cayor and Baol, won a reputation as a brilliant general, and may have ruled as Teigne of Baol for a period. He allied himself with the Buurba Jolof Biram Njeme Kumba, and the support of the Ndiaye dynasty would be important in the founding of Saloum. A potential rival for power, Mbegane was not particularly welcome at the royal court of Sine, and so was sent to his paternal homeland to carve out a kingdom for himself.	2.15625
78843525	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1.5-degree%20target	1.5-degree target	Compared to the current global warming projections by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), achieving the 1.5-degree target could force 80 percent fewer people to migrate due to climate change, as fewer areas of the Earth would become uninhabitable. According to CAN Europe, aligning Europe with the 1.5-degree target could save one trillion euros by 2030. Assessment in the climate protection movement Due to the low confidence of the IPCC and climate researchers regarding the achievability of the target, various groups, such as Scientist Rebellion, argue that the 1.5-degree target should be declared politically unfeasible. Direct democratic initiatives, such as Climate Restart, the initiator of the 2023 Berlin climate neutrality referendum, emphasize that decarbonization in industrialized nations must still be implemented in line with the 1.5-degree target to mitigate risks. Political scientists Wim Carton and Andreas Malm (both from Lund University) criticize representatives of climate science for having based their simulations on the achievability of the 1.5-degree target for too long, while relying on implausible assumptions that distracted from real-world scenarios. Use as a slogan The words "1.5 degrees" or "1.5°C" are often used as slogans by activists, such as by Fridays for Future since July 2022, with the inscription "We all for 1.5°C" on the asphalt of Hamburg's Mönckebergstraße, or during the occupation of Lützerath starting in 2022 ("1.5°C means: Lützerath stays!").	2
78843732	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius%20Manlius%20Capitolinus%20Imperiosus	Lucius Manlius Capitolinus Imperiosus	Lucius Manlius Capitolinus Imperiosus, A. f. A. n. (or "Lucius Manlius Capitolinus Imperiosus, son of Aulus, grandson of Aulus", see Roman filiation), was a politician of ancient Rome, of the Manlia gens, who lived in the 4th century BCE. He was the father of the noted general of the Roman Republic, Titus Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus, though is described by ancient authors as a "domineering" father, who, in Titus's youth, banished his young son to agricultural labor in the countryside on account of his son's speech disorder. Manlius was appointed dictator in 363 BCE to perform the rite of clavum fingere to mollify the angry gods, on account of the epidemics of disease and severe flooding that Rome experienced in that year. The ancient historian Livy wrote that the ritual of taking office required driving a nail into the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus in a religious ritual of atonement, perhaps as an apotropaic magic gesture to ward off sickness. Livy also writes that Manlius appeared to be more interested in war than in the religious mandate he had been given, which gave rise to the opposition of the Roman senate, and he was brought to trial for numerous charges in the following year, including his display of cruelty to his own son. His son Titus, when he heard the charges, hastened to Rome and physically threatened the tribune of the plebs Marcus Pomponius with a knife in a (successful) bid to get the charges dropped, which added to Titus's own legend and esteem in the eyes of the Roman people.	2.5
78843783	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punk%20ferox	Punk ferox	Punk ferox is a species of aplacophoran mollusc known from the Homerian Coalbrookdale Formation of England. It is the only species within the genus Punk. Description Punk is elongate and vermiform, with rounded anterior and posterior ends. The dorsal surface bears a median ridge which widens near the anterior, with a low hump near the midpoint. The flanks of the ridge become more dorsolateral, meeting at the posterior tip of the animal. It lacks valves, instead bearing many long upwards-facing spines (likely mineralised spicules), with these fanning out near the anterior and the anterior margin bearing shorter "head spines". The dorsal surface is better preserved than the ventral, with a sharp margin between the two. The head is short with a subcylindrical boss possibly representing a buccal mass, alongside a sub-semicircular possible anterior plate. The posterior portion of Punk'''s trunk bears around 25 subconical projections near the median ridge, likely gills. A thin plate is preserved inside this ridge, likely displaced from an unknown original position. Etymology The genus name Punk derives from a "fancied resemblance of the spicule array to the spiked hairstyles associated with the punk rock movement". The species name ferox'' translates to "bold" or "defiant", with no reason given.	2.109375
78843903	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuhan%20Nanhu%20Airport	Wuhan Nanhu Airport	In 1974, to accommodate larger airplanes such as the Antonov An-24, the runway length was further extended to . From 1976 to 1984, more renovation works were carried out to the airport premises in order for flights using larger planes to land at the airport. As part of the sixth five-year plan, Nanhu Airport underwent several expansions. Following a successful test flight on a Boeing 737-200, the runway was extended and thickened, and the apron was widened to meet the requirements of the aircraft. Another expansion took place in 1985, in which the runway was further extended by , the apron was expanded by and of terminal space was built. By the end of the year, the runway of Nanhu Airport is long, wide and thick, capable of handling the Boeing 737-200 and other smaller aircraft; the apron is 46,000 square meters, and can park more than ten 737-200s at the same time. Flights to Hong Kong were opened in 1987 following approval from the State Council of China. In 1988, the total passenger volume at Nanhu Airport surpassed 500,000. Closure Despite several expansion works carried out over the years, Nanhu Airport was unable to meet the needs of Wuhan's urban and civil aviation development. Its 1,812-meter runway was still the shortest among all civil airports in provincial capitals across the country at that time. In addition, the airport's oil depot has a small capacity and no dedicated railway line, requiring delivery by trucks. Trucks traveling to and from the airport have to pass a railway crossing on the Beijing–Guangzhou railway, causing congested traffic. The built-up surrounding area resulted in no more space for further expansion. There were plans for a new airport to be built as far back as 1958; these did not go through due to various reasons.	2.296875
78843915	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre-Dame-de-Grace%20de%20Passy	Notre-Dame-de-Grace de Passy	Interior The interior is especially striking because of the contrast between the sobriety of the nave, with its white walls and geometric decoration, and the choir, entirely covered with frescoes and decoration. The interior is composed of three naves. The two lateral aisles of the naves extend behind the choir, where they meet in the chevet, in front of the apse chapel. There is no vaulted ceiling, only a simple ceiling. The choir The choir is decorated with five frescoes made by Gabriel Bouret between 1847 and 1850. He was a contemporary of Camille Corot, and Corot's influence is evident in the landscapes paintings. The frescoes represent, from left to right, the Prophet Isaiah (now barely visible); Adam and Eve being expelled from Paradisel; the Annunciation (center), the Sacrifice of Isaac and the prophecy of Daniel (also barely visible). The plan for the frescoes was designed by the Abbot Corbiere, who served in the parish from 1846 until 1852. The frescoes are surrounded by elaborate frames, which depict the symbols of the Virgin; the mystical rose, the ivory tower of throne of Solomon, the arch of the alliance, the tower of David, and the orchard of Aaron. The marble altar in the choir has its own history. It was made in the reign of Charles X of France. Beside the altar is a statue of Notre-Dame de Grace Passy. Around the choir are more statues; Notre Dame de Lourdes, Saint Therese de Liseux, Saint Anthony of Padua, and Saint Vincent de Paul. The interior is especially striking because of the contrast between the austerity of the nave, with its white walls and formal geometric design, and the choir, entirely covered with colourful frescoes. The ceiling of the nave is divided into geometric sections. The arcades have rounded arches and the columns are bare of decoration. The only decoration in the nave comes from the colourful geometric stained glass windows on the outer aisles. The New Church	2.171875
78843994	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20States%20Army%20during%20Vietnam%20War	United States Army during Vietnam War	The infiltration course offered a high degree of realism, stress and confidence building. At night, the recruits entered a trench that ran perpendicular to the line of fire of several machine guns. From the trench, they crawled towards the machine guns, which fired tracer rounds over their heads as they crawled through barbed wire obstacles and detonated explosive charges. At regular intervals, spotlights mounted on poles lit up to simulate flares, causing the crawling recruits to pause and wait until they were extinguished before crawling on. Basic training ended with a graduation ceremony and a short break before the next phase of training began. The men assigned to the infantry went to one of the many schools to begin training in their specialty; some attended a two-week leadership preparation course in order to be deployed as squad leaders and platoon leaders. The men were divided into training companies with three platoons and a support platoon. During the extended training, which also lasted 8 weeks, the men were taught tactics, close combat, patrol duty and orientation. The men were taught all types of weapons, from pistols and grenade launchers to rocket launchers and the .50-caliber machine gun. Other topics included survival training, handling radios, mines and booby traps, and for the first time, the men received specific information about the type of warfare they would encounter in Vietnam. Some trainees volunteered for the Airborne Basic Course at Fort Benning, provided they had passed the three-week Airborne Physical Fitness Test and completed five parachute jumps.	2.578125
78844268	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip%20Treleaven	Philip Treleaven	Financial Computing Treleaven established the UCL Financial Computing Research Group over 30 years ago. His research students developed the first Insider Dealing Detection system for the London Stock Exchange, and then developed early systems for financial fraud detection, launching the SearchSpace company. Working with Dr Giuseppe Nuti (Deutsche Bank), he helped develop the first Algorithmic Trading platform in Europe, and working with Dr Dan Brown (UCL, MegaNexus) and Brit Insurance they developed the Ki-Insurance Algorithmic underwriting platform. The first in Europe. Treleaven was also Director of the Doctoral Training Centre in Financial Computing that graduated over 230 PhDs. Automated Regulation Treleaven has worked closely with the UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) on the automation of regulation. Helping to establish their ‘Tech Sprints’ (cf. hackathons), Sandbox innovation program and developing RegTech proof of concept software. Treleaven is credited with coining the term RegTech. UK National Sizing Survey (SizeUK) In 2000 Treleaven was the Director of the UK National Sizing Survey (SizeUK) which pioneered the use of 3D whole body surface scanners in partnership with the 14 largest UK clothing companies. SizeUK measured 11,000 UK adults to provide a reference body dataset for creating 'better fitting clothing'. SizeUK also discovered the average UK ladies’ waists had increased by 12"/30 cm in 20 years! SizeUK inspires similar national sizing surveys in most developed countries, including the USA, Germany, France, Italy, Spain etc. Tech Entrepreneurship Treleaven is passionate about encouraging entrepreneurship. He taught the first UCL Tech Entrepreneurship course in 1995 and was surprised that 300 students registered. UCL spins out large numbers of start-ups. The most famous been DeepMind, purchased by Google. Treleaven continues to teach the UCL Tech Entrepreneurship course. He has co-founded over 9 start-ups.	2.3125
78844268	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip%20Treleaven	Philip Treleaven	AI for Social Good Treleaven, working with Dr Dan Brown (UCL, MegaNexus) has a program called AI for Social Good. The program uses GenAI to support socially excluded and disadvantaged groups (e.g., people in prison, people on probation, refugees,long-term unemployed, low-aspiration young people in education), thereby transforming their future and addressing major social problems. Notably the program provides Generative AI personalized education for the UK Prison and Probation Service for felons to help stop them reoffending. The UK has over 80,000 prisoners and education is the best deterrent to reoffending, which costs £18bn ($23b) pa. Publications and lecturing Treleaven has authored over 200 papers and lectured in 60 countries. Highlights in 1980 included a lecture tour of the Soviet Union including Novosibirsk Siberia (-30 °C to -40 °C) and China just after Mao Zedong, including a visit to the newly unearthed Terracotta Army in Xian. Personal life He is married to Isabel, who has held senior positions in Regulation and Compliance in IMRO (precursor of the UK Financial Conduct Authority) and many of the leading Financial Institutions, such as HSBC, Barclays and Citigroup. Including being Chief Control Office at HSBC. Unusually, Treleaven is a National-level Target shooter and has also written the UK Target Shooting Handbook: Art of Shooting.	2.5
78844718	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ga-68-Trivehexin	Ga-68-Trivehexin	Since 68Ga is a positron emitter, 68Ga-Trivehexin is applicable for PET imaging. However, PET is rarely used as a standalone imaging technique these days because most clinics use PET/CT or even PET/MRI systems, which provide more detailed and useful medical information to the physician. For clinical PET/CT diagnostics, an activity in the range of 80–150 MBq 68Ga-Trivehexin is injected intravenously (i.v.). The tracer then distributes in the body and specifically binds to its target αvβ6-integrin, while an excess is excreted via the kidneys and the urine. As a result, 68Ga-Trivehexin and, therefore, the positron-emitting radionuclide 68Ga, is preferably accumulated by αvβ6-integrin abundant tissues (for example, tumor tissue). Next, a PET/CT scanner is used to detect the gamma radiation which is generated by the annihilation of the positrons emitted by 68Ga (not the actual positrons, which do not leave the body but travel only a few millimetres through the tissue). The spatial distribution of the annihilation events is 'reconstructed' (calculated) from the raw detector data (referred to as listmode data), which eventually delivers a 3-dimensional representation of αvβ6-integrin positive tissues of interest. Typically, the PET/CT imaging is performed 45–60 minutes after the i.v. administration of 68Ga-Trivehexin. PET/CT imaging of cancers	1.953125
78844798	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maa%20Ratneshwari%20Temple	Maa Ratneshwari Temple	Maa Ratneshwari Temple, also known as Maa Ratneshwari Mandir or locally called Durga Asthan, is a Hindu temple located in the eastern part of Ratanpur Abhiman, in Darbhanga, Bihar. The temple is dedicated to Maa Durga in her Lakshmi Swarupa form and has been a site of religious significance for centuries. It was established by Baba Bam Bholi Das, following its original foundation by Ratna Sen, a devoted follower of the Durga, during the rule of the Sena Dynasty in Bengal. Ratna Sen, the great-grandson of Keshava Sena, the last ruler of the Sena Dynasty, migrated to Mithilanchal and established a fort near an existing Durga temple. The temple is considered a prominent pilgrimage destination, particularly for devotees from the Mithilanchal region and Nepal. The temple is known for its peaceful and serene atmosphere, and its worship practices are centered around a sacred Pindi rather than an idol. It does not practice animal sacrifice, which aligns with its tranquil nature. The temple attracts a large number of devotees, especially during the Shardiya Navaratri and Navaratri festivals.	2.203125
78844801	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijai%20Singh%20of%20Alirajpur	Bijai Singh of Alirajpur	Bijai Singh (sometimes Bijay Singh, Waje Singh or Vijay Singh) was Rana of Alirajpur from 1881 until his death on 16 August 1890. Education He was educated at the Daly College, Indore. He remained there until 1888. Succession When Rup Deo died in 1881 without leaving behind a male heir to succeed him, and as he held no adoption sanad, it appeared that the ruling family of Alirajpur was extinct and that Alirajpur had escheated to the Government of India. But the government decided to appoint a successor to the deceased. When it was announced, many put forward claims to the vacant throne of Alirajpur. One of these was Bijai Singh, a son of the Thakur of Sondwa, who was a distant relative of the deceased, and his claim was supported by the ladies of the family. His claim was also supported by the most influential people in the Alirajpur. He was a minor at the time and was studying. The second claimant was Kalubawa. Another claimant was the ruler of Dharampur, acting on behalf of one of his sons, on the grounds of being the next of kin, as he was fourth in descent from one of the members of the Alirajpur family who had been called to Dharampur. He argued that when heirs had failed in Dharampur, successors had been taken from Alirajpur, and therefore, in the reverse case, a successor should be taken from Dharampur. After carefully investigating the qualifications and claims of these claimants, the Government of India selected Bijai as the successor to the deceased.	1.945313
78845077	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capability%20Hardware%20Enhanced%20RISC%20Instructions	Capability Hardware Enhanced RISC Instructions	In 2015 CHERI introduced a new capability encoding model that separated the address (referred to as a cursor) from the bounds and permissions. This refinement allowed capabilities to function as pointers in compiled C code, improving usability. That same year, Arm joined the project and provided critical feedback, highlighting that while doubling pointer sizes might be acceptable, quadrupling them would not. This feedback led to the development of CHERI Concentrate, a compressed encoding model that reduced capability size to 128 bits by eliminating redundancy between the base, address, and top. In 2019 CheriABI demonstrated a fully memory-safe implementation of POSIX, allowing existing desktop software to become memory safe with a single recompile. By 2020 it became evident that software vendors were reluctant to port their software without hardware vendor support, while hardware vendors were unwilling to produce chips without sufficient customer demand. UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) launched the Digital Security by Design (DSbD) programme to address adoption barriers for CHERI. The programme allocated £70M, matched by £100M of industrial investment, to build the CHERI software ecosystem. This initiative funded Arm’s Morello chip, a superset architecture designed to evaluate experimental CHERI features for potential production use based on AArch64. The Morello board was designed to run CheriBSD, as well as custom versions of Android and Linux. At the same time, the Cornucopia project demonstrated that CHERI could enforce both spatial and temporal memory safety, offering deterministic protection against heap object temporal aliasing (roughly, "use-after-free"). The follow-up project, Cornucopia Reloaded, showcased efficient temporal safety using page-table features in Morello, in particular, near-negligible pause times for the application making use of revocation.	2.203125
78845177	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan%20de%20Velasco%2C%20Count%20of%20Siruela	Juan de Velasco, Count of Siruela	Juan Velasco de la Cueva y Pacheco (Madrid, 1608 - 1652), VIII Count of Siruela, was a Spanish noble, diplomat and Governor of the Duchy of Milan. Biography He was a son of Gabriel de Velasco y la Cueva and Victoria Pacheco, and was baptized on 11 October 1608 the parish church of Santiago in Madrid. He inherited the County of Siruela upon the death of his father in May 1625. On 24 October 1636 he was granted the habit of the Order of Calatrava. Loyal to the Count-Duke of Olivares, King Philip IV appointed him the following year ambassador to the Republic of Genoa, replacing Francisco de Melo. During his term in office, he renewed with their authorities a previous treaty that allowed the passage of Spanish troops through their territory and began talks with Prince Thomas Francis of Savoy. In 1640, he was named governor and captain general of the Duchy of Milan in the absence of the Marquis of Leganés. Juan de Velasco took possession of his new responsibility in February 1641, but given his lack of knowledge in the military area and after a disastrous military campaign in 1642, he was replaced by the Marquis of Velada and returned to Spain in mid-1643. At the end of that year, however, he obtained the embassy in Rome. He arrived in this city two hours before the 1644 papal conclave met to proceed to elect a new Pope, which allowed him to pressure the electors to elect the candidate supported by the Spanish Crown. Indeed, the Pro-Spanish Cardinal Giovanni Battista Pamphilj was elected and took the name of Innocent X.	2
78845317	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack%20on%20the%20Brazilian%20Fort%20in%20Punta%20del%20Este	Attack on the Brazilian Fort in Punta del Este	Lavalleja was advised against pursuing this operation by Colonel José Brito del Pino, who opposed the idea stating that such trivial issue was beneath the rank of a general-in-chief of the army. Brito del Pino suggested entrusting the operation to Colonel Leonardo Olivera, Colonel Manuel Correa, or the distinguished Colonel Isaac Thompson, head of the 4th Battalion of active militia of Buenos Aires. Notwithstanding, Lavalleja remained staunchly determined to carry out his plan and dismissed Brito del Pino's advice. Military operation August 16 Lavalleja departed from his headquarters in Durazno with his general staff on August 11, 1827. By August 16, he arrived in Maldonado and rendezvoused with Colonel Olivera, whose forces were stationed along the Maldonado stream. That evening, Lavalleja conducted a reconnaissance of the Brazilian positions in Punta del Este returning late at night. August 17 The attack began at dawn with an intense exchange of gunfire and some cannon shots aimed at Colonel Olivera’s cavalry. Lavalleja, along with several senior staff officers, scouted the enemy’s positions while concealed by the sand dunes. After making the observations he deemed necessary, he ordered a guerrilla force of twelve mounted men to fire upon the Brazilian positions. They did so for three hours, without the Brazilians leaving their trenches surrounding their fort and responding with musket fire and grenades, at 4 P.M. the attack was called off. That night, a scouting party was sent near the Brazilian positions to search for suitable location to establish an artillery battery. No such adequate location was found and the party returned to camp at dawn.	2.328125
78845359	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiziano%20Peccia	Tiziano Peccia	Career Peccia joined UNESCO as a specialist in science policy and capacity building, undertaking field missions across Africa and Asia and working on public-private partnerships. He co-organized and served on the organizing and scientific committee of the UNESCO-MARS Summit. The summit trained over 500 African researchers and brought together ministers from across the continent. In Ethiopia, he partnered with the office of Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, then Ethiopia's minister of foreign affairs, and in Mauritius, he collaborated with the presidential office of Ameenah Gurib-Fakim, President of Mauritius. Peccia also played a key role in the establishment of a UNESCO-affiliated center for basic sciences and nutrition at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in Iran, promoting gender equity, international mobility, and triangular cooperation (including partnerships with U.S. and Iraqi institutions). During a field mission in Iran, he was interviewed by the journal Dietetics of the Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, where he stated: He is a strong advocate for SDG 4 (Quality Education for All). After leaving UNESCO, Peccia transitioned to the private sector and joined the management consultancy industry. He later became part of the Management Group at KPMG, leading projects in people strategy and transformation. He worked in change management, organizational transformation, business strategy, ESG offers, advising clients across various industries, including financial institutions, manufacturing, and healthcare. Scholarly contributions In 2017, Peccia co-authored with African Union civil servants and Egyptian senator Rasha Kelej the book Towards Women participation in Scientific Research in Africa published by the African Union Scientific, Technical, and Research Commission (AU-STRC), addressing barriers to girls' involvement in STEM studies and the female scientist pipeline lacking faced by women in research across the continent.	1.96875
78845419	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilian%20cuisine	Emilian cuisine	The cornerstone of Emilian cuisine is its pasta dishes, characterized by a dough made from soft wheat flour and eggs (without water). First and foremost are the tagliatelle, often served with Bolognese sauce (ragù) or diced ham sautéed in butter. A variation is the green tagliatelle, in which the dough includes chard, spinach, or even nettles. With this green dough, also lasagna is prepared, a rich dish with alternating layers of ragù, béchamel sauce, and Parmesan cheese. Parma is the Emilian city with the oldest and most precise codification of pasta usage: Salimbene di Adam mentions both filled and dry fresh pasta made with soft wheat flour and eggs. The fresh pasta dough (known as fojäda) is central to Parma's gastronomic identity, most notably seen in filled pastas, whether served in broth or dry, especially in anolini (which, in Reggio Emilia, are also called cappelletti) and tortelli. Tortellini, a symbol of Bolognese and Modenese cuisine, belong to the large family of filled pastas made with varying ingredients, a tradition dating back to medieval cookbooks and widespread throughout central and northern Italy. Traditionally served in meat broth, they are also enjoyed dry with various sauces. Among other filled pastas, one should mention tortelloni of ricotta and herbs, which are distinguished by their larger size compared to tortellini and by the inclusion of ricotta, Parmesan cheese, and parsley in the filling. In Piacenza, anolini are found, while pumpkin tortelli, similar to those from Mantua, are common in Piacenza and Reggio Emilia; in Ferrara, these are called cappellacci di zucca. In Ferrara, cappelletti are also found, which, unlike the Romagna version, contain a meat-based filling (batù). Also notable is the erbazzone from Reggio Emilia, a type of savory pie made with spinach and other vegetables, seasoned with Parmesan cheese, and baked in the oven. Secondi piatti, salumi and cheeses	2.34375
78845587	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platycheirus%20brunnifrons	Platycheirus brunnifrons	Platycheirus brunnifrons, sometimes known as the copperhead sedgesitter, is a hoverfly found in high-altitude localities in Finland, Austria, France, Switzerland, Spain, Macedonia, Northeast Russia, and Alaska. It's larvae have not been identified. Adults feed on pollen and nectar primarily Salix sp. Description The body length of P.brunnifrons is and its wing length measures . Head and thorax The frons on the head is black at the base and features brown pollinosity that contrasts with the grey-white pollinosity of the rest of the head. The hairs on the frons are dark brown. The antennae are black, with the third segment being dark brown and reddish brown at the base. The face is shining bluish or greyish black, adorned with silver grey dusting. The hairs on the face are brown. The facial tubercle and mouth-edge are shining black and undusted. The genae are lightly dulled by whitish dusting. In contrast, the occiput is heavily dulled by whitish dusting and features white hairs, except for a few bristly hairs on the dorsal part. The ocellar triangle is either black or bluish black, with black hairs in the front and yellowish white hairs on the hind part. On the thorax, the scutum and scutellum are shining bluish or greyish black, featuring light grey or brownish pollinosity. The pleurae are bluish black or black, with light silvery pollinosity and sometimes exhibit yellowish metallic reflections. The pile on the pleurae is yellow-white.	1.976563
78845600	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parade%20of%20the%20Fat%20Ox%20at%20the%20Paris%20Carnival	Parade of the Fat Ox at the Paris Carnival	During the First Empire, for example, in February 1813, the Child dressed as Cupid was occasionally replaced by the god Mars. Seven years later, Louvel attended the Fat Ox parade before fatally stabbing the Duke of Berry, and street festivities were subsequently banned by Police Prefect Jules Anglès. Printed programs, titled Order and Procession of the Fat Ox and decorated with engravings, were regularly distributed until the end of the Second Empire. On February 14, 1831, clashes occurred on the same day as the Fat Ox parade. Informed of the unrest, the Foreign Minister reportedly left the Legislative Body to go to his residence, where the parade was set to pass, announcing, "I'm going to see the masks."The following year's parade, initially uncertain, was eventually held under heavy police supervision. In 1846, the organizers of the parade proposed a novel innovation: the Fat Ox would be placed on a float pulled by six horses. The vehicle was tested with 258 paving stones weighing six tons—three times the ox's weight—but it broke down. As a result, Dagobert paraded on foot.The Fat Ox parade, a tradition with deep historical roots in Paris, faced significant challenges in the years leading up to 1848. This period was marked by a series of revolutions that led to the cancellation of the parade in 1848. The authorities in Paris initially opposed the reorganization of the procession. However, in 1849, the parade was held in Versailles, and in 1850, it took place in the neighboring communes of Montmartre, Batignolles, and La Chapelle. It is noteworthy that these communes would only be annexed to Paris a decade later. The following year, Lucien Arnault, known as Arnault the Elder, director of the Hippodrome, revived the Fat Ox parade in Paris after a three-year hiatus, drawing two to three hundred thousand spectators. He organized it again in 1852 but did not purchase the ox.	2.359375
78845600	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parade%20of%20the%20Fat%20Ox%20at%20the%20Paris%20Carnival	Parade of the Fat Ox at the Paris Carnival	The Bœuf Gras has been a source of inspiration in the arts, particularly in theater. The animal appears in a play with signboards performed during the 1712 Carnival by the Great Troupe of Rope Dancers from the Jeu de paume d'Orléans, at the Saint-Germain fair. In 1745, the revival of Lully's Thésée inspired a parody of the same name, written by Charles-Simon Favart, Pierre Laujon, and Parvy, performed on February 17 at the Opéra-Comique. In this play, Thésée triumphs, mounted on a Bœuf Gras. A comical incident occurred during this performance, reported in 1812 by the Annales dramatiques: two men were in charge of moving the cardboard Bœuf Gras, one handling the front, the other the rear. The front man "released a flatulence that suffocated his colleague. The latter, in his first move, and to take revenge for the effect on the cause, bit what he found under his teeth. It made a terrifying moo." This led to a backstage fight that almost resulted in one of the two actors' death. The Bœuf Gras is also the more or less central subject of several other comic tragedies: La Mort du Bœuf Gras by Toussaint-Gaspard Taconet (1767), La Mort de Mardi-Gras by Voltaire (1809), La Descente de la Courtille by Théophile Marion Dumersan (1841), Le Bœuf Enragé (between 1842 and 1848), the famous Bœuf Gras by Paul de Kock (1845), Grande Complainte du Bœuf Gras 1859 by Boucher (1859), L'Ordre et la Marche du Bœuf Gras (1860), Les Bergers by Hector Crémieux and Philippe Gille with music by Jacques Offenbach (1865), Les Déesses du Bœuf Gras (1866), La Déesse du Bœuf Gras by and Alphonse Lemonnier (1866). In 1866, in the 10th tableau of La Lanterne magique, Grande Revue de l'Année, a show by Louis-François Nicolaïe Clairville, A. Monnier, and E. Blum, the Bœuf Gras procession parades on stage, with the star being the Bœuf Gras L'Événement, which participated in that year’s Promenade. The revival of Le Juif-Errant by the Théâtre de la Porte-Saint-Martin in 1877 included a Bœuf Gras cavalcade that impressed critics with its success	2.171875
78845813	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B4tel%20de%20Ville%2C%20Cherbourg	Hôtel de Ville, Cherbourg	The building was extended to the southwest along Rue de la Paix in the neoclassical style to a design by Francois Dominique Geufroy in the mid-19th century. By then, the principal rooms included the Salle du Conseil (council chamber), grand salon (ballroom), le salon octogonal (octagonal room) and the salon de l'Impératrice (empress's room). The latter room was created in anticipation of its use by Empress Eugénie when she visited Cherbourg, together with her husband Emperor Napoleon III, on 7 August 1858. The town hall also hosted a grand ball with circa 1,200 guests at the end of the International Naval Festival held at Cherbourg in 1865. A finely carved fireplace, dating from 1500, which was recovered from the Abbey of Notre-Dame du Vœu when it was demolished in 1841 and subsequently restored, was installed in the council chamber in 1865. Following the Normandy landings by allied troops on 6 June 1944, during the Second World War, Sergeant William Finley of the US 9th Infantry Division was the first allied soldier to reach the town hall on 26 June 1944. He died in subsequent fighting and a plaque to commemorate his life was subsequently installed in the town hall. Major-General J. Lawton Collins commanding the American VII Corps presented a French tricolour flag made from parachutes to the mayor, Paul Renault, for use on the town hall flagpole, on 2 July 1944. The chairman of the Provisional Government, General Charles de Gaulle visited the town and gave a speech from the balcony of the town hall on 20 August 1944. In 1951, a police station in the building was closed, and the main frontage was modified with new concrete cladding and modern casement windows.	2.375
78846317	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20ambassadors%20of%20Sweden%20to%20Ethiopia	List of ambassadors of Sweden to Ethiopia	The Ambassador of Sweden to Ethiopia (known formally as the Ambassador of the Kingdom of Sweden to the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia) is the official representative of the government of Sweden to the president of Ethiopia and government of Ethiopia. The Swedish ambassador to Ethiopia is also accredited to the African Union, which has its headquarters in Addis Ababa, as well as to the neighboring country of Djibouti and the regional cooperation organization, the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD). History The Swedish representation in the Ethiopian Empire (Abyssinia) included a consulate from 1922 to 1936. In December 1929, the Swedish doctor replaced the British subject A.D. Bethell as honorary consul and served until 1936. From 1936 to 1947, the Swedish legation in Cairo handled matters concerning Ethiopia. In March 1945, Ato Abebe Retta, Haile Selassie's personal emissary, arrived in Stockholm to deliver a response to Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf's letter and to negotiate the employment of Swedes in Ethiopia. The Emperor's letter highlighted the valuable contributions of Swedish officers and Christian missions, expressing a desire for these efforts to resume when global conditions allowed. He also sought to establish diplomatic relations with Sweden, offering land and a residence in Addis Ababa for a Swedish Legation. In October of the same year, Envoy Widar Bagge was appointed as minister to Cairo, with accreditation also in Addis Ababa. In the summer of 1948, Minister Bagge, who had been accredited in Addis Ababa, was recalled to Cairo. Gunnar Jarring served as Bagge's representative in Addis Ababa until August 1948, when he was appointed minister in New Delhi. Subsequently, Nils-Eric Ekblad was appointed chargé d'affaires in Addis Ababa, a diplomat of lower rank than a minister, reporting directly to Stockholm. Emperor Haile Selassie refused to acknowledge Bagge's recall, and the recall letter was deemed non-existent by the Imperial Chancellery.	2.40625
78846559	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Levelle%20%28explorer%29	James Levelle (explorer)	James Moorland Levelle (born 1980) is a filmmaker and explorer, who reported on the illegal tiger trade in Tibet, child-labour in the cotton fields of India, pirate fishing off the coast of Sierre Leone, the history of the gold rush in Alaska, and Southeast Asia's illegal logging industry. Early life and education James Levelle was born around 1980 and brought up in London with his father who worked in advertising and his mother who was a health care professional in alternative medicine. He graduated from Edinburgh University with a degree in English. Career In 2007 the Environmental Justice Foundation sent Levelle to India to explore child labour in cotton fields. He was subsequently asked to film illegal pirate fishing off the coast of Sierre Leone. National Geographic then asked him to direct their 'Eco Crime Investigators’ series, and sent him to China and Tibet to investigate criminal tiger skin and bone trade. This was followed by reporting on Southeast Asia's illegal logging industry. In 2019 Levelle set off from London to Chile, where the COP25 climate conference was due to take place. Almost half way to Chile when the conference was cancelled, he continued and completed the journey while reporting on the impact of climate change on young people. Personal Around 2015, Levelle moved to a house boat on the River Lea in East London. Selected works (director)	2.3125
78846803	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete%20Hovland	Pete Hovland	Chico State swimmer In the Fall of 1972, Hovland began attending Chico State in Chico, California, in the state's North Central region, 90 minutes North of Sacramento. In his first year, he swam with All American swimmers Steve Battin, Jerry Roster, Bob Grieve, and Jeff Lamb on the swimming roster. Hovland swam for four years, and officially received his B.S. in 1977, while majoring in Physical Education, which later helped transition him to a role as a collegiate coach. He swam middle-distance freestyle, finishing in the upper echelon of Division II competition and was coached and trained by Dr. Ernie Maglischo. Maglischo, coached at Chico State from 1966–76, led the team to four Western Conference titles, and was named Northern California's College Coach of the Year in June 1972, shortly before Hovland began as a swimmer. As a consistent high point in Hovlands swimming career at Chico State, the team won four consecutive NCAA Swimming and Diving Team Championships from 1973-1976 under the coaching of Dr. Ernest Maglischo. Hovland held six Chico State school records which were also NCAA records by the time he ended his Chico State swimming career in 1976.	2.125
78846887	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th%20federal%20electoral%20district%20of%20the%20State%20of%20Mexico	16th federal electoral district of the State of Mexico	The 16th federal electoral district of the State of Mexico () is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of 40 such districts in the State of Mexico. It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the fifth region. Suspended in 1930, the 16th district was re-created by the 1977 electoral reforms, which increased the number of single-member seats in the Chamber of Deputies from 196 to 300. Under that plan, the State of Mexico's seat allocation rose from 15 to 34. The new districts were first contended in the 1979 mid-term election. District territory Under the National Electoral Institute's 2022 districting plan, which is to be used for the 2024, 2027 and 2030 federal elections, the 16th district is located in the Greater Mexico City urban area, covering portions of two of the state's 125 municipalities: Ecatepec de Morelos (south-western portion) and Tlalnepantla de Baz (eastern exclave). The district's head town (cabecera distrital), where results from individual polling stations are gathered together and tallied, is the city of Ecatepec. In the 2020 Census, the district reported a total population of 401,345. Deputies returned to Congress	2.46875
78847026	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20literature%20of%20the%20Komnenian%20and%20Angelid%20periods	Byzantine literature of the Komnenian and Angelid periods	Verse and prose romance Theodor Prodrom contributed to the revival of the ancient sophistic romance, which flourished between the 1st and 3rd century, with his work Rhodanthe and Dosicles. Prodrom gave it an erudite character while drawing on motifs from Eastern literatures. In his romance, Dosicles abducts the beautiful Rhodanthe, but both are captured by pirates. Rhodanthe is sold into slavery, and Dosicles is to be sacrificed to the gods, but everything ultimately ends happily with the lovers' wedding. Following Prodrom in the first half of the 12th century, Nicetas Eugenian authored The Adventures of Drosilla and Charicles, a work distinguished by its delicate eroticism, though not devoid of Aristophanic liberty. Based on an Indian tale, the anonymous The Fortunes of Poor Leon tells the story of a sage who, after losing his fortune, is sold into slavery and, through wise counsel offered to his master, regains his wealth. Alongside verse romances, prose romances influenced by Persian, Arabic, and Indian literature also flourished in Byzantium. The chartophylax Eustathios Makrembolites wrote the extensive romance The Adventures of Hysmine and Hysminias, in which the protagonists, after dramatic trials, are united in marriage. At the end of the 11th century, The Enchanting Tale of the Philosopher Syntipas emerged. In this story, a stepson falsely accused by his stepmother must remain completely silent for seven days, during which seven sages assist him by narrating tales to the king about the deceitfulness of women to save the youth. From the same period comes Stephanites and Ichnelates, an Indian romance translated from Arabic about two jackals who, in human guise, exemplify for a ruler how to govern his subjects wisely.	2.171875
78847026	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20literature%20of%20the%20Komnenian%20and%20Angelid%20periods	Byzantine literature of the Komnenian and Angelid periods	Drama and satire From the time of Alexios I comes Christos Paschon, the only Byzantine drama. In this work, intended for reading rather than performance, the characters include the Virgin Mary, modeled on Euripidean heroines, along with Christ, Saint John, Saint Joseph, and two semi-choruses of Galilean women. 12th-century classicism also revived the works of Lucian of Samosata. In the mid-12th century, besides Prodrom, an anonymous author emulated Lucian in the work Timarion. In this piece, after a grand festival in Thessaloniki, Timarion dies and journeys to the underworld, where he encounters Emperor Romanos IV Diogenes and philosophers such as Diogenes, Michael Psellos, John Italus, Pythagoras, and others. Ultimately, Timarion is sentenced by the underworld court to return to the land of the living. Philologists and rhetoricians The most prominent philologist of this period was Eustathius, Bishop of Thessalonica, known for his Commentary on Homer's Iliad and Commentary on Homer's Odyssey. Between 1170 and 1175, he produced a paraphrase and scholia on the geographical epic of Dionysius Periegetes. He also wrote a commentary on Pindar. As Bishop of Thessalonica, Eustathius witnessed the Norman capture of the city, which he recounted in On the Capture of Thessalonica. Additionally, he authored significant works on church life, such as On Monastic Life and On Hypocrisy, along with numerous letters, homilies, ascetic writings, and encomia dedicated to saints. Eustathius' student, Michael Choniates, Bishop of Athens, left behind a collection of rhetorical letters and occasional speeches, including funeral and lamentation orations. He also wrote poems and the poem Teano. Another notable figure, Michael Italicus, was more of a rhetorician than a philologist, known for his speeches and letters.	3.03125
78847026	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20literature%20of%20the%20Komnenian%20and%20Angelid%20periods	Byzantine literature of the Komnenian and Angelid periods	The imperial secretary, John Tzetzes (c. 1110–1186), authored a 12,764-line historical-literary poem titled The Chiliads. He also wrote Allegories on Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, Pre-Homeric, Homeric, and Post-Homeric Events, the interpretative poem Theogony, commentaries on Hesiod's Works and Days and Shield, three comedies by Aristophanes, Porphyry's Isagoge, and Aristotle's Categories. His other works include literary studies such as On Versification and On Tragic Poetry. In the 11th century, numerous anonymous philological works were also produced, including dictionaries for Iliad and Odyssey, selected dialogues of Plato, and Herodotus' Histories. Other notable works include anti-Atticist, syntactic, rhetorical dictionaries, and A Collection of Useful Words. The era's etymological dictionaries are epitomized by the Great Etymological Dictionary, with smaller works such as Etymologicum Gudianum, Etymologicum Angelicanum, and Etymologicum Florentinum also holding importance. Physicians The medicine of the Komnenian era drew heavily from the achievements of previous centuries. The physician Damnates authored A Treatise on Pregnancy and Embryos, while John, Bishop of Pryzdiana, wrote Digressions Taken from Ancient Physicians. At the court of Alexios I, Nicholas Kallikles and Michael Pantechnes were also active, though their writings have not survived.	2.21875
78847059	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law%20of%20constancy%20of%20interfacial%20angles	Law of constancy of interfacial angles	The law of constancy of interfacial angles (; ) is an empirical law in the fields of crystallography and mineralogy concerning the shape, or morphology, of crystals. The law states that the angles between adjacent corresponding faces of crystals of a particular substance are always constant despite the different shapes, sizes, and mode of growth of crystals. The law is also named the first law of crystallography or Steno's law. Definition The International Union of Crystallography (IUCr) gives the following definition: "The law of the constancy of interfacial angles (or 'first law of crystallography') states that the angles between the crystal faces of a given species are constant, whatever the lateral extension of these faces and the origin of the crystal, and are characteristic of that species." The law is valid at constant temperature and pressure. This law is important in identifying different mineral species as small changes in atomic structure can lead to large differences in the angles between crystal faces. The sum of the interfacial angle (external angle) and the dihedral angle (internal angle) between two adjacent faces sharing a common edge is radians (180°). History The law of the constancy of interfacial angles was first observed by the Danish physician Nicolas Steno when studying quartz crystals (De solido intra solidum naturaliter contento, Florence, 1669), who noted that, although the crystals differed in appearance from one to another, the angles between corresponding faces were always the same.	2.734375
78848046	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasterosteus%20doryssus	Gasterosteus doryssus	Gasterosteus doryssus is an extinct species of freshwater stickleback fish that inhabited inland freshwater habitats of the North American Great Basin during the Miocene. It is known from thousands of articulated fossil skeletons, comprising various age classes and two different ecomorphs, discovered in diatomite deposits of the Truckee Formation near Hazen, Nevada. G. doryssus inhabited Lake Truckee, a predecessor to the famous Lake Lahontan. Lake Truckee was subject to seasonal diatom blooms that would settle to the lake bottom to form diatomite, fossilizing any other animals that died during the season. This seasonal diatomite deposition provides an exquisite record of the annual dynamics of this ecosystem over several millennia, including a time series of the evolution of G. doryssus over 100,000 years and the eco-evolutionary dynamics that drove it. The time series of G. doryssus fossils has been used to provide evidence for and against specific evolutionary models, due to providing a comprehensive look at evolution within a geologically short period that is still significantly longer than anything observable by modern humans. Evolution G. doryssus was closely related to and resembled the modern three-spined stickleback (G. aculeatus), which is found off the Pacific coast and associated freshwater systems. It is thought that during the Miocene, the Sierra Nevada mountains may have been lower, allowing for some contiguous freshwater connections between the Pacific coast and the Great Basin, through which the ancestral stickleback population may have dispersed inland. Further uplift of the mountains may have cut off these two populations, isolating the inland sticklebacks.	3
78848211	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Mausoleum%2C%20Castle%20Howard	The Mausoleum, Castle Howard	The Mausoleum is a historic building on the Castle Howard estate in North Yorkshire, in England. The mausoleum was designed by Nicholas Hawksmoor between 1726 and 1729, its design inspired by the Tomb of Caecilia Metella and the alleged Tomb of Lars Porsena. It was constructed by William Etty from 1729 to 1742, and bastion walls were added by Daniel Garrett. The interior carvings were undertaken by Charles Mitley. The building was commissioned by Charles Howard, 3rd Earl of Carlisle, to commemorate his family's history. Horace Walpole was highly impressed, and described it as a building which "would tempt one to be buried alive". It was grade I listed in 1954. The building is constructed of sandstone with a lead roof, and consists of a circular mortuary chapel with a crypt on a square plinth, on which is a peristyle of 20 Doric columns and an entablature with a domed roof. The entrance to the crypt has an ornamental wrought iron gate with a channelled lintel and a massive keystone, flanked by pilasters and a double flight of steps. The bastion walls have squared rusticated projections between which are semicircular projections, with Greek key friezes, decorated gates and lancet railings. Inside, the crypt is vaulted and contains 63 catacombs. The cella has Corinthian columns recessed into the walls, with an elaborate entablature and a coffered ceiling.	2.234375
78849541	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alienum	Alienum	Alienum velamenus is an extinct animal from the late Ediacaran. Estimated to be about 541 million years old, A. velamenus has been identified as possibly being the oldest known vetulicolian, predating the first known species by 20 Ma. It was discovered in 2024 from the Dengying Formation in South China. Discovery and name The holotype fossil of Alienum was found from the Dengying Formation of South China, and described in 2024. The generic name Alienum is derived from the English word Alien, which further derives from the Latin word aliēnus, meaning "exotic/foreign". The specific name velamenus is derived from the Latin word velamen, meaning "veil/sail-like", relating to the sail-like shape of the anterior of the body. Description Alienum velamenus is the first possible vetulicolian found in the Ediacaran, partially sharing certain features seen in the clade, but not to the extent to allow for a proper assignment to the clade, alongside several defining vetulicolian features being absent. It has a rounded body, which grew up to a max of 17.4 mm (1.7 cm), with the dorsal and ventral sides of the body being much thicker, suggesting it may have been soft-bodied with a cavity in the middle. The anterior part features two notches, a small arched notch further up with an unknown use, and a much deeper notch further down, suspected to be the mouth, with a little 'cashew' shaped flap nearby. Along the length of the body there is a 9 mm long stripe/groove, which can be compared to the pharyngeal groove structure of Vetulicolia, although in the case of Alienum, this extends diagonally backwards, whilst in Vetulicolians, this is an axial groove. Along this grove are three gill-like structures with large gill slits extending dorsally and ventrally through them, similar again to Vetulicolians, although they have five gill-like holes and gill slits. The posterior of the body features a stalk-like structure, around 5 mm in length, which is suggested to be the tail.	2.78125
78850145	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardo%20de%20Vargas%20Machuca	Bernardo de Vargas Machuca	Bernardo de Vargas Machuca (Simancas, 1555 - Madrid, 1622) was a Spanish soldier, writer, naturalist, veterinarian and conquistador. Biography Bernardo de Vargas Machuca was born in Simancas, a town in the present-day Province of Valladolid, in 1555 (some sources say 1557), to Juan Vargas, warden of the castle in that town, and Angela de Soto. He completed his studies in the city of Valladolid, enlisting at a very early age in the Spanish Army. He served in Italy and in the colonization of the Americas. During his stay in the American continent he lived in Bogotá, capital city of the New Kingdom of Granada. After retiring from his military career he settled in the new capital of the Hispanic Monarchy, Madrid. During this period he wrote and published several works in which he collected his impressions and research, including Milicia y descripción de las Indias (The Indian Militia and Description of the Indies) in 1599, also known as Milicia Indiana, a manual intended for Spanish officers serving in the New World. He also published in 1621 Compendio y Doctrina Nueva de la Gineta (Compendium and New Doctrine of Gineta Horsemanship), one of the main studies on Jineta horsemanship of the time, dedicated to Count Alberto Fúcar (Albert Fugger), member of the German House of Fugger, and another essay written around 1603 titled Defensa de la conquista de las Indias (Defense of the Conquest of the Indies), in which he refutes and rejects the ideas and arguments in Bartolomé de las Casas’s A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies (1552), although it was never published. He died in the Spanish capital in 1622. Works Milicia y descripcion de las Indias, 1599 Libro de exercicios de la gineta, 1600 Defensa de la conquista de las Indias, 1603 Compendio y doctrina nueva de la Gineta, 1621	2.625
78850242	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton%20Swap%20Meet	Compton Swap Meet	The Compton Swap Meet (officially Compton Fashion Center) was an indoor swap meet that sold the music of early gangsta rap artists. Wan Joon Kim began selling records of the genre at his stall, Cycadelic Records, in the 1980s. He became known as the "godfather of gangsta rap". Kim, a North Korean defector who had immigrated to Los Angeles in 1976, began selling at swap meets to make money. After a group of Korean swap meet vendors founded the Compton Swap Meet in 1985, Kim opened a stall. He began selling hip-hop music and began one of the first to sell gangsta rap records, befriending rappers. He was one of the first to sell music by N.W.A. The swap meet was featured in the music video for "California Love" by 2Pac and Dr. Dre. Kim's business remained popular through the '90s. Kim died in 2013, and his son continued the business as a record label. The building closed in 2015. History Wan Joon Kim was born in North Korea in 1933 or 1934. He fled the country by fishing boat in 1950. He and his wife, Boo Ja, immigrated to the United States in 1976 and joined an early wave of Korean immigrants to the Los Angeles. He began selling items at swap meets as his source of income, initially selling hair clips. Kim became interested in hip-hop music upon seeing the popularity of a vendor selling CDs of the genre at the Roadium Open Air Market in Torrance. The Compton Fashion Center was established in 1985 by six Korean swap meet vendors. It was the first indoor swap meet in Southern California. The vendors purchased a former Sears store in Compton, California for $2.8 million, spending another $1.4 million to convert it to a swap meet with 350 stalls. It was near the large Roadium and Paramount swap meets, and targeted a Black and Hispanic demographic. Kim was the third vendor to rent a stall at the market. He rented a stall next to the building's entrance for $500 per month.	1.953125
78850242	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton%20Swap%20Meet	Compton Swap Meet	A music wholesaler recommended that Kim sell African-American music such as hip-hop. Gangsta rap was an obscure genre that few stores sold due to its references to violence and drug use. Kim was a fan of classical music and needed his daughter to help him understand the English used in gangsta rap songs, but he liked selling records of the genre. Wan Joon and Boo Ja Kim built connections with local rappers, who called them "Pops" and "Mama". As rappers distributed music within the community without record labels, Kim became the first to sell many of their releases. He made a significant profit from the business. The vendor carried artists such as Ice Cube and Eazy-E, who formed the group N.W.A. Kim was the sole seller of N.W.A's early releases, which frequently sold out. It was one of the first sellers of the group's first album, Straight Outta Compton. The group highlighted the Compton Swap Meet in a 1989 episode of Yo! MTV Raps. The music video for "California Love" (1995), by 2Pac and Dr. Dre, was filmed at the Compton Swap Meet. Despite tensions between African-Americans and Koreans during the 1992 Los Angeles riots, Kim maintained his connections with the community. He recounted to the The Los Angeles Times, "Most of my customers were the gang-bangers and drug dealers, so I built a friendship with them." In the 1990s, the demographics of Compton shifted to have fewer Black people, and gangsta rap gained worldwide popularity. Cycadelic Records continued to sell music to people from across Southern California. Kim's son, Kirk, was in charge of Cycadelic by 2012. He sold Chicano gangsta rap music and began selling online. The elder Kim worked at the stall once a week. Kim died on March 13, 2013, from a cancer. The Compton Fashion Center closed in January 2015 and was replaced by a Walmart store. Cycadelic relocated across the street. Kirk Kim turned the business into a record label in April 2016, signing Korean rappers.	2.34375
78850378	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipadtarini%20Chandibari%2C%20Rajpur	Bipadtarini Chandibari, Rajpur	Bipadtarini Chandibari or Bipattarini Chandibari is a Hindu temple dedicated to the Hindu goddess Bipadtarini, one of the aspect goddess and 108 avatars of Maa Durga. Located on S.B. Das Road in Rajpur Sonarpur, South 24 Parganas in West Bengal, it is one of the few and most important shrines of Maa Bippatarini in the Indian subcontinent. Every year, the temple is visited by thousands of devotees from all over Bengal, who come here for her darshan and pray to her to protect them from all kinds of danger. History The temple was established by Baba Dulal. Born as Dulal Chandra Das to father Sadhan Chandra Das and mother Basantakumari Das, he took interest in spirituality from a very young age. With time, he became a well known matri-sadhak and later, established a idol of Maa Bipattarini Chandi in his house. Baba Dulal saw Maa Bipadtarini not in his dreams but with his open eyes in the disguise of a teenage girl. He started Bipattarini Brata and her worship in a new manner and always asked his followers to worship her as their mother, instead of a goddess. It is believed by her devotees that if someone is in any trouble, if he chants "Jay Maa Bipattarini Chandir Jay" 3 times, Maa will protect them from their trouble. Another legend follows that he established the idol after getting swapnadesh from Maa Bipadtarini herself. She instructed him regarding how will be the appearance of her murti. Hence, he built her idol according to her instructions. She also told him regarding what her puja procedures will be and till today, those rituals are followed. Maa Bipadtarini Maa Bipadtarini's idol is of dark complexion. Her vahana is a lion. The idol has 4 hands, each of which has a separate significance. The upper left hand holds a kharga, symbolising her anger and punishment for the wrongdoers. The lower left hand holds a trishul, symbolising her victory over the evil. Her upper right hand is posed in a aashirvad mudra for her devotees who perform good deeds while her lower right hand is posed in abhay mudra.	2.125
78850378	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipadtarini%20Chandibari%2C%20Rajpur	Bipadtarini Chandibari, Rajpur	Temple complex The temple complex also houses deities of other Hindu gods and goddesses. To the left of Maa Bipadtarini Chandi is the idol of Lord Jagannath. On further left is the idol of Radha Krishna. On the right of Maa Bipadtarini Chandi is the picture of Baba Dulal, the establisher of the temple. On further right is a smaller idol of Maa Bipadtarini. On further right is a idol of Maa Kali. In the front right is a Shiva Lingam and in the front left is a small statue of Maa Lakshmi. In the front, at the centre of the main temple is a place where the bhog is served to the deities. At the base of the marble platform on which the idols of these deities are placed, are several other smaller idols of many other Hindu deities. All around the temple, there are deities of several other Hindu gods and goddesses including Maa Durga killing the demon Mahishasura and Narasimha Bhagwan killing the demon Hiranyakashipu. In the temple complex, there is also a sub-temple dedicated to Baba Dulal and Shakti Sadhana Devi. Their white stone statues are established inside the temple. The sacred Aegle marmelos tree is surrounded by a fence beyond which commoners cannot go. They have to worship it from outside the boundary. The base of the tree is covered by red marble stones and the tree base is adorned with garlands made of jasmine, yellow and orange marigold, rose, tuberose and chrysanthemum. Close to the Aegle marmelos tree is the house of Baba Dulal and his wife. The room in which he meditated has been maintained along with his belongings. Devotees visit the room after offering their puja to Maa Bipadtarini Chandi.	2.125
78850423	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Medal%20for%20Leroy	A Medal for Leroy	A Medal for Leroy is a British children's novel written by Michael Morpurgo, and illustrated by Michael Foreman. It was originally published in Great Britain by HarperCollins in September 2012. The inspiration behind the novel is Walter Tull, Britain's first black Army officer to lead white British troops into battle. The novel explores the relationships between identity, nation, race and history. Synopsis Michael, who is nine-year-old and lives in London with his mother, is the narrator of the story. He never knew his father, as he had been killed in the war, and knows even less about this grandfather Leroy. He also had two aunts, named Auntie Pish and Auntie Snowdrop, who had a Jack Russell Terrier named Jasper. His Auntie Snowdrop died when he was nine, and five years later, Auntie Pish got pneumonia and had to be put in a nursing home, so Jasper came to live with him. He also received a belated parcel from Auntie Snowdrop which contained a photograph of his father, which he proudly displayed on his desk in his bedroom.	2.890625
78850466	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%27s%20Largest%20Menorah	World's Largest Menorah	The World's Largest Menorah is a public Hanukkah menorah located at Grand Army Plaza near Central Park in Manhattan, New York City. Standing 32 feet (9.75 meters) tall and weighing approximately 4,000 pounds (1,814 kilograms), it has been a prominent fixture in New York City's annual Hanukkah celebrations since its first lighting in 1977. History The public lighting of Hanukkah menorahs began in the 1970s, encouraged by the Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, who advocated for public displays of Jewish observance. In 1977, the Lubavitch Youth Organization erected the first public menorah in New York City at , near Central Park. The inaugural lighting was attended by Senator Jacob K. Javits and Rabbi Shmuel Butman, director of the Lubavitch Youth Organization, who were lifted by a Con Edison cherry picker to light the menorah. Thousands attended the event, marking New York City's first public Hanukkah menorah lighting. In the mid-1980s, Atara Ciechanover proposed redesigning the menorah to create a more visually impactful structure. She collaborated with Israeli artist Yaacov Agam, who designed the current menorah with a structure inspired by the Rambam's depiction of the menorah in the Holy Temple. The new design was first lit on December 26, 1986. In 2006, the menorah was officially recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records as the largest menorah in the world. Design The menorah stands at 32 feet, the maximum height permitted by halakha for a kosher menorah. According to Jewish law, a menorah taller than this would not fulfill the mitzvah of publicizing the Hanukkah miracle because it would be too high to be seen and acknowledged by passersby.	2.34375
78851337	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eileen%20Diss	Eileen Diss	Eileen Diss, (13 May 1931 – 5 November 2024) was a British set designer for stage, television and film. She won six BAFTA awards, a Lifetime Achievement Award for Design from the Royal Television Society in 2002, and a BAFTA Lifetime Achievement Special Craft Award in 2006. Early life and education Diss was born on 13 May 1931 in Leytonstone, East London, England. She was the only child of Thomas and Winifred Diss. She was educated at Ilford County High School for Girls, then an all-girls grammar school in Ilford. Aged 14, she went on a school outing to see Laurence Olivier's film version of Henry V. This sparked an interest in film and she began to attend the pictures every Saturday. Henry V had made a particular impression on her, and its medieval set designed by Carmen Dillon was particularly enamouring. She would later say; "I could draw and loved history so it seemed that design was the area to go into". After leaving school, she attended the Central School of Arts and Crafts in London, where she undertook a theatre design course. Career In 1952, Diss joined the BBC's design department as a third assistant to the set designers; she was the only woman. As there were only ten designers, after only two weeks of training, she was designing her first sets, for Three Little Mushrooms, a children's programme, and an An American Gentleman, a TV film staring a soon to be famous John Gregson. Initially focusing on children's programmes such as Billy Bunter of Greyfriars School and Blue Peter, her scope was later broadened and she worked on Zoo Quest, the first major programme to feature David Attenborough, and The Grove Family (1954–1957), Britain's first television soap.	1.914063
78852047	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu%20Yun%20%28Tang%20dynasty%29	Wu Yun (Tang dynasty)	Wu Yun (; died 778) was a Chinese poet, writer, and Taoist mystic active during the Tang dynasty. According to the two standard histories of the period, Wu served in Emperor Xuanzong's court as a member of the Hanlin Academy but left Chang'an shortly before the An Lushan rebellion broke out. According to Taoist scholar Louis Komjathy, Wu Yun "was probably the most famous Daoist poet in Chinese history." Sources Old Book of Tang and New Book of Tang Presenting a coherent biography of Wu Yun is not without its challenges. According to sinologist Jan De Meyer, "nearly all accounts of Wu Yun's life have contained a significant amount of inaccuracies." Moreover, there are numerous discrepancies between the two main accounts of Wu's life in juan 192 of the Old Book of Tang and juan 196 of the New Book of Tang. In the former source, which De Meyer assesses to be "so untrustworthy that it should better not be used at all", Wu is described as a "a Confucian scholar of the Lu region" (present-day Shandong). However, the latter states that Wu was a Huayin native who was born around 700. Although both sources agree that Wu decided to become a full-time practitioner of Taoism after failing the jinshi examination at the age of fifteen, the Old Book specifies that he settled down at Mount Song and was ordained by the eleventh patriarch of the Shangqing School, . On the other hand, the New Book gives Wu's new place of residence as Mount Yidi () near southern Henan. The Old Book of Tang notes that Wu subsequently travelled to Jinling (present-day Nanjing), in Jiangsu (one of the most holy mountains according to the Shangqing School), and Mount Tiantai in Zhejiang sometime between 713 and 742. In contrast, the New Book of Tang claims that Wu only became ordained as a Taoist after his arrival in the capital city of Chang'an in 742 and that his journey to the south took place later still.	2.34375
78852047	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu%20Yun%20%28Tang%20dynasty%29	Wu Yun (Tang dynasty)	According to the thirteenth-century hagiographical collection Lishi zhenxian tidao tongjian (), Wu's departure from Chang'an was orchestrated by pro-Buddhist court eunuch Gao Lishi. The lost Wu tianshi neizhuan () or Intimate Biography of Celestial Master Wu is attributed to a certain Xie Liangsi () in a few late Tang and Song dynasty anthologies, but was more likely written by one of Wu's disciples, Xie Liangbi (). An extract from the Biography—purportedly written by Wu himself—narrates Wu's flight from Chang'an to Mount Tai after the defeat of Wu Yuanji. This would have taken place several years after the poet's reported death, which implies that the account is either anachronistic or evidence of Wu Yun's immortality. In any case, the Biography goes on to state that Wu met Li Bai on Mount Tai and learnt from him the inner alchemic technique of "embryonic exhalation". Posthumous references Song dynasty gazetteer Fan Chengda observed that sometime in 778, two poems, "believed to have been written by a ghost", appeared on the wall of a Buddhist temple in Suzhou. One of the poems begins with the verse, "Shenxian bu ke xue" () or "Spirit immortality cannot be studied"—an apparent repudiation of Wu's treatise Shenxian kexue lun () or "Immortality Can Be Learned". In one account dating to the mid-eleventh century, an official in charge of renovating a temple dedicated to the Taoist deity Xuanwu is visited in his dreams by Wu Yun, who reminds him to pay exactly twenty thousand cash. In another account, collected in a Jin dynasty anthology of extraordinary tales, a pregnant woman meets Wu—whom she describes as "a man of solemn deportment, who had the looks of an immortal" in her dreams in 1133 or 1134. Her child, , grows up to become a respected academic and member of the Hanlin Academy. Wu is depicted in the eighteenth chapter of the early Qing dynasty novel Sui Tang yanyi () as a sima () or adjutant who successfully nominates Li Bai to become a court official. Works	2.09375
78852423	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiner%20K%C3%BCmmel	Reiner Kümmel	Reiner Kümmel (born 9 July 1939 in Fulda) is a German physicist specialised in solid-state physics, thermodynamics and econophysics. Scientific career Reiner Kümmel studied physics and mathematics at TH Darmstadt from 1959 to 1964. He received a scholarship from the Cusanuswerk and completed his doctorate on superconductivity at Frankfurt University in 1968, where he also habilitated in theoretical physics in 1973. During his doctorate and habilitation, he also conducted research abroad, such as from 1965 to 1967 as a research assistant under the two-time Nobel Prize winner in physics John Bardeen at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. From 1970 to 1972, he worked in Colombia at the Universidad del Valle in Cali, where he helped to set up a master's programme in physics on a DAAD scholarship, which served to develop the next generation of academics. During this time, he focussed on thermodynamics. In 1974, he took up a professorship for theoretical physics in Würzburg, which was also characterised by numerous research visits abroad. In the 1970s, the time of the first and second oil price shocks, his interest in economics as a second mainstay began to grow. A lively exchange developed with Wolfgang Eichhorn, who worked as an economist (and mathematician) at the Faculty of Economics at the University of Karlsruhe. His research in physics focussed on the theory of inhomogeneous superconductors and mesoscopic heterocontacts. His economic interests focussed on energy use and emission reduction. From 1996 to 1998, Reiner Kümmel chaired the Energy Working Group of the German Physical Society. He retired in October 2004. Nevertheless, he remained associated with the university with a teaching assignment for the lecture Thermodynamics and Economics until the summer semester 2015. He is a member of the editoral board of Biophysical Economics and Sustainability.	2.234375
78852483	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkina%20Faso%E2%80%93France%20relations	Burkina Faso–France relations	Aid and collaboration France is Burkina Faso’s leading bilateral donor and one of 19 priority countries in its development policy. In 2022, the Agence Française de Développement (AFD), a partner of Burkina Faso for 60 years, allocated €83 million to key sectors like water, sanitation, education, energy, and local development, along with €28 million in humanitarian aid. Expertise France manages 6 projects totalling €25 million in EU- and France-funded projects focusing on economic development, security, and trust-building between defense forces and local people in fragile regions. France hosts over 2,500 Burkinabe students, providing €590,000 in scholarships. Two Instituts Français, in Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso and Maison de la Jeunesse et de l’Innovation (La Ruche) are located in Burkina Faso. Research cooperation includes 50 university agreements with French institutes such as IRD, ANRS and CIRAD. Decentralized cooperation is robust, with 130 partnerships and €9 million in aid from French local authorities in 2017 (the 3rd largest recipient in the world).	2.1875
78852920	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Foreign%20Sound	A Foreign Sound	Veloso states that the album's foreign tracks mainly refer to his childhood and memories. He also described it as an "alien disk" because "the English-speaking world is a somewhat uncomfortable intrusion due to its claim to intervene in a critical way". In his memoir, Tropical Truth: A Story of Music & Revolution in Brazil, he explains that he discovered some American jazz singer-songwriters and musicians—such as Billie Holiday, Ella Fitzgerald, and the Modern Jazz Quartet—by following the influence of his primary musical inspiration, João Gilberto. The album title comes from a verse in Bob Dylan's "It's Alright, Ma (I'm Only Bleeding)": "So don't fear if you hear / A foreign sound to your ear". Musical style A Foreign Sound consists of 22 tracks predominantly featuring American standards from the Great American Songbook, blending various musical styles and genres such as North American jazz and bossa nova. While many songs are Tin Pan Alley standards, the album features compositions from Kurt Cobain, Stevie Wonder, and DNA; Veloso has cited rock music as being a vital influence for him. Veloso described his approach to the American Songbook as "atypical", mixing different styles and periods of composition. Exceptionally, "Feelings" is a cover by a Brazilian musician, Morris Albert, and Veloso himself commented that the song was "a fake American song written by a Brazilian". Conversely, "Carioca" is a song about Brazil, but it was originally an insert song for the American film Flying Down to Rio, to which Veloso said it was "a fake Brazilian song written by Americans". In the album's liner notes, Veloso writes that "people all over the world would like to find a way of thanking American popular music for having made their lives and their music richer and more beautiful. Many try. So do I." Critical reception	2.015625
78852927	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena%20Polaczk%C3%B3wna	Helena Polaczkówna	Helena Polaczkówna (1881–1942) was a Polish historian, archivist, sigillologist, and authority in the field of heraldry. She became a war resistor during World War II. She was arrested by German occupiers in Lviv for allowing secret activities to take place in her apartment and was murdered in the Majdanek concentration camp near Lublin, Poland, in 1942. Biography Helena Polaczkówna was born 24 February 1881 in Lviv (now western Ukraine). Her father, Adam, took part in the Polish revolt called the January Uprising and spent years in exile in France where he completed medical studies. The remaining family stayed in Lviv where Helena and her older sister Maria Polaczkówna, took on private tutoring assignments to earn enough money to afford their education. In 1910, she contracted tuberculosis and suffered respiratory distress and a weak voice for the rest of her life. Despite their modest beginnings, the sisters each went on to earn a PhD. Helena graduated in history from the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Lviv. While still a student in 1907, she worked as a trainee at the National Archives of Municipal and Land Register, commonly known as the Bernadine Archives. (After her 1910 illness, she returned there again as a trainee and on 26 July 1917, she was hired permanently to work in the Archives and remained employed there until 1939.)	2.03125
78853323	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei%20Demurenko	Andrei Demurenko	Andrei Vladimirovich Demurenko (; born 28 April 1955) is a Russian Ground Forces colonel and military commentator. He was the chief of staff of the United Nations Protection Force in the Sarajevo sector in 1995, during the Bosnian War, and was the deputy director of the peacekeeping department at the Russian General Staff during the late 1990s. Demurenko came out of retirement in 2023 to fight in the Russo-Ukrainian War, serving in the Battle of Bakhmut before being injured and removed from the front. He is the first and currently the only Russian officer to graduate from the United States Army Command and General Staff College. Early life and education Demurenko was born on 28 April 1955 to a military family. He graduated from the Moscow Higher Combined Arms Command School and was commissioned as an officer in 1976. He also graduated from the Frunze Military Academy in 1984. Military career During his career in the Soviet Army, Demurenko held commands at the platoon, company, battalion, and regimental level and also served in staff positions. He was an artilleryman. Demurenko studied at the United States Army Command and General Staff College and graduated in 1993, becoming the first, and as of 2009, the only Russian officer to have graduated from that college. It also made him the first Russian or American officer to graduate from the mid-level officer training institution of both countries, since he was also an alumnus of the Frunze Military Academy. While he was in the United States, in May 1993 he took part in an exercise at the National Training Center in southern California, being an assistant to the commander of the opposing force that simulated two attacks on U.S. forces. Both of them were victories for the opposing force.	1.9375
78853511	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion%20in%20the%20Achaemenid%20era	Religion in the Achaemenid era	Religion in the Achaemenid Empire (Persian: دین در دوران هخامنشی ), continues to be a source of debate among academics. The available knowledge about the religious orientation of many of the early Achaemenid kings is incomplete, and the issue of Zoroastrianism of the Achaemenids has been a very controversial issue. Belief in religions other than Zoroastrianism Mazdaism religions It is often thought that the dominant religion of the Achaemenid Empire was Zoroastrianism, but scholars believe that this was not true. For example, 20th-century French linguist Émile Benveniste points out that Ahura Mazda is a very old god and the Zoroastrians used this name to designate the Zoroastrian god. Even the main role assigned to this god in Mazdasim is not a Zoroastrian innovation. The epithet Mazdasene (Mazda worshipper) found in Aramaic papyri from the Achaemenid era cannot be evidence that the Achaemenids were Zoroastrians, and the mention of the name Ahura Mazda in stone inscriptions is not evidence of this either. In the Achaemenid inscriptions, not only is Zoroastrianism not mentioned, but also nothing else is mentioned that could give these inscriptions a Zoroastrian color. Long before Zoroaster, the Iranians had specific religious beliefs and worshipped Ahura Mazda as a great god. In the Behistun Inscription, Darius only mentions Ahura Mazda as "the greatest of the gods." Ahura Mazda's name appears 69 times in Behistun, and Darius claims to be under Ahura Mazda's protection 34 times. Darius did not claim that Ahura Mazda was the only existing god. Darius also did not mention Ahura Mazda's great rival Angremenu.	2.265625
78853511	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion%20in%20the%20Achaemenid%20era	Religion in the Achaemenid era	Anahita Since the reign of Artaxerxes II the name of the goddess Anahita is mentioned in inscriptions alongside Ahura Mazda and Mitra, and it is mentioned that the palace of Apadana was built at the request of Ahura Mazda, Nahed and Mitra. In this regard, Roman Ghershman writes that Anahita was worshipped by the Achaemenid Ardashir II and by his order, the figure of Anahita was worshipped in the temples of Shush, Iran, Takht-e Jamshid, Hegmatane, Babylon (Dawlatshahr), Damascus and Balkh. Other deities The Persepolis tablets indicate that the royal palace was dedicated in the heart of Persia to the worship of various deities, some of which may have been identified as Iranian (Nariasanga, perhaps Zurvan) and others as Elamite deities still venerated in the same places where they had been for centuries before the arrival of the Persians (Humban, Napirisha). Zoroastrianism in the Achaemenid Empire Swedish Iranologist Henrik Samuel Nyberg believes that none of the essential characteristics of the Zoroastrian religion can be seen in the basic constructions of the Achaemenid religion. Nyberg writes that there is no clear evidence as to when Zoroastrianism began to spread in Ray, the central base of Mughan. He believes that the latest time for this event was when the Achaemenid state was founded. He considered discussions and opinions on Achaemenid Zoroastrianism to be full of partisan prejudice and superstition among scholars of his time.	2.5
78853556	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mise%20%28mythology%29	Mise (mythology)	Mise or Misé () is an Anatolian goddess addressed in one of the Orphic Hymns. She is first mentioned in a mime by the Greek poet Herodas, which references a "Descent of Mise". In the Orphic Hymn addressed to her, she is identified with Dionysus, and depicted as a female version of the god. She is also named in two inscriptions discovered around the city of Pergamon in Asia Minor, which indicate that there existed a local cult to her in the area. Greek literature The earliest mention of Mise comes from a mime by the Greek poet Herodas (which dates to the 3rd century BC). One of the characters in the work, Gryllos, is said to have become infatuated with a woman, Metriche, while they were at the "Descent of Mise". This "descent", or (), appears to reflect a real-world cult practice, and is suggestive of a katabasis (a descent to the Greek underworld). According to Graham Zanker, Mise's descent seems to have been a "copy" of the katabasis of Kore. The events of the mime are likely set on Kos or Cyprus, though other locations are possible, with the exception of Egypt, which is excluded by the mime itself. Mise is addressed in the forty-second of the Orphic Hymns, a collection of ancient Greek hymns composed in Asia Minor around the 2nd to 3rd centuries AD. The hymn, which is part of the group of hymns in the collection related to Dionysus, identifies her with Dionysus, and depicts her as a female version of the god; the hymn also portrays her as being dual-natured, calling her "masculine and feminine". She is described as the daughter of the Egyptian goddess Isis, who is mentioned by Plutarch as the mother of Dionysus.	2.203125
78853612	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20LaRue%20Johnson	Daniel LaRue Johnson	Daniel LaRue Johnson (1938–2017) was an American abstract sculptor, painter, and printmaker. Early life and education Daniel LaRue Johnson was born in 1938 in Los Angeles. While in high school, he met painter Virginia Jaramillo. Johnson staged his first solo art exhibition in 1953 at a community center in Pasadena. He took classes with Jaramillo at the Otis Art Institute, and the couple married in 1960. Johnson then attended the Chouinard Art Institute in the early 1960s. Life and career Johnson attended the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in 1963 and traveled throughout the American South for several months afterwards. During his travels he scavenged materials to use in his artwork, including protest buttons, a mousetrap, and broken dolls. Many of his works from this period comprise assemblages of found objects that Johnson painted black, which reference the Civil Rights Movement and racial violence in the United States. In 1965, Johnson was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship. He used the funds to travel to Paris with his wife Jaramillo, and studied there for a year under sculptor Alberto Giacometti. They returned to New York following the year of study. After moving back to the United States, Johnson began to work primarily in abstract painting and minimalist sculpture. In 1969, Johnson and Jaramillo moved into a 5000 square foot loft in New York's SoHo neighborhood. The same year, Johnson participated in Frank Bowling's exhibition 5+1 at SUNY Stony Brook featuring work by black abstract artists. Johnson showed a thin, elongated pyramidal sculpture painted with vertical stripes of various colors.	2.3125
78853847	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Indian%20English%20Novel%3A%20Nation%2C%20History%20and%20Narration	The Indian English Novel: Nation, History and Narration	The book discusses around forty novels. Most were written in what after 1948 became India, but some were composed in what became Pakistan and Bangladesh, and chapter 8 especially focuses on writing by the Indian diaspora, including Bharati Mukherjee, M. G. Vassanji, V. S. Naipaul and Hanif Kureishi's The Buddha of Suburbia. Other works and writers that get particular attention include Khushwant Singh's Train To Pakistan, Salman Rushdie's Midnight’s Children, Shama Futehally's Tara Lane, Rohinton Mistry's Such a Long Journey, Mumtaz Shah Nawaz's The Heart Divided, Amitav Ghosh's The Hungry Tide, Lal Behari Dey's Govinda Samanta, Anita Desai's Baumgartner's Bombay, Mukul Kesavan's Looking Through Glass, Vikram Seth's A Suitable Boy, Kiran Nagarkar's Ravan and Eddie, Attia Hosain's Sunlight on a Broken Column, and Githa Hariharan's In Times of Siege. Reception In the view of Dieter Riemenschneider, the book "serves well its purported aim to introduce a 'regional' literature by offering a broad survey combined with close analyses of a large number of texts". He also noted that "the author’s familiarity with the 19th- and early 20th-century novel is particularly informative since past critics frequently merely quoted from K. R. S. Iyengar's pioneering literary history Indian Writing in English". Reviewers praised Gopal's inclusion of writers and texts little known outside India, such as Bhabani Bhattacharya's He Who Rides a Tiger, Nayantara Sahgal, Shashi Tharoor, and Mukul Kesavan.	2.078125
78853926	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third%20Seuna%20Civil%20War	Third Seuna Civil War	The Senua Civil War was a late 13th-century civil war within the Seuna (Yadava) dynasty of the Deccan region. The brothers, Ramchandra Yadava and Ammana, fought against each other to take control of the kingdom. With the help of his generals Hemad Pant and Tikkama Saluva, Ramchandra was victorious. Ammana's forces were defeated, and he was later captured. Ammana was punished in a cruel way. His eyes were destroyed, and he was later executed. His general, Narasinha, was taken as a prisoner. After this victory, Ramchandra Yadava became the ruler and brought an end to the conflict. Background Mahadeva of Devagiri Mahadeva, who ruled approximately 1261–1270 CE, was a king of the Seuna (Yadava) dynasty in the Deccan region of India. He succeeded his brother Krishna on the throne. His reign saw Mahadeva defeating the Shilaharas of Kolhapur and crushing a rebellion by the Kadamba rulers, who were under his authority. He initiated campaigns against other kingdoms, waged an inconclusive war against the Kakatiya queen Rudrama, and was defeated by the Hoysala king Narasimha II. Several inscriptions of his period also assert other victories; these are perhaps exaggerated. Ascension to the Throne of Devagiri Krishna's last known inscription dates to May 1261. At the time of his death, it is likely that his son Ramachandra was either not yet born or still too young to be crowned yuvaraja (heir apparent) or to ascend the throne. Therefore, Krishna's brother Mahadeva succeeded him in 1261, whom he had declared as his heir apparent at least since 1250 and had helped with the administration of the state during Krishna's reign. Prelude	2.21875
78853968	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucholoeops	Eucholoeops	The postcrania of Eucholoeops are represented by limb elements. The humerus is large, with a proximal portion (that close to the body) that is subcylindrical and widen into a flattened distal portion (that far from the body): this condition is seen in all non-mylodontid sloths. Similar to Hapalops, the lesser tubercle is larger than the greater tubercle. As in several other extinct sloth genera, the tubercles are widely separated. The radius has a less steeply inclined head than in other megalonychids. The ulna is not preserved in any specimen. Most of the carpal elements assigned to Eucholoeops are catalogued under FMNH P13125; however, they may belong to Hapalops. The capitate bone of the wrist is wider distally (far from the body axis) than it is proximally, a condition also seen in Megalonyx and members of Nothrotheriidae. The first metacarpal is around half the length of the others. The second and fourth metacarpals are about as robust and long as the third; this differs from the typical sloth condition, second the third and third metacarpals are roughly equal in size, but shorter than the fourth and fifth. The phalangeal (digit) elements do not meaningfully differ from those of other ground sloths. The femur is known only from a single specimen. It is wide and flat, typical for ground sloths, and in many ways, it resembles that of Acratocnus. Palaeoecology	2.75
78854421	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festive%20Procession%20with%20a%20Song.%20Kolyada	Festive Procession with a Song. Kolyada	A boy and a girl run from the alley. On the right side of the picture is a rich courtyard with a big stone house and columns along the front. The building is divided into three vertical rows of images, with three images in each row. In the top horizontal row there are three waist-up portraits: Dorofei Ivanovich, his wife Daria Trifonovna and their five children. All of them are sitting at the window with their hands on the sill; the curtains, like a stage curtain, serve as a backdrop for the characters. In front of the people in the windows, there are bowls of berries. Below the father's portrait is a picture of three tall stacks, next to it is a picture of a sheep ready to be dried before being threshed, and there is a river with boats in it. The lower picture in this vertical row is covered by an apple tree with ripe red apples, around which doves fly. Under the portrait of Daria Timofeyevna is a picture of young Dorofey trying to impress her. Daria is shown as a young girl with a spinning wheel on a hut, and next to her is her future husband, a teenager. There are two roads leading to the hut, and a goat is approaching a goat lying in the meadow (which is the same as the courting scene). Even lower down, in the window, we can see the figures of domovykh: "Grandfather-domovedushko, neighbour-domovedushko, kikimora (?)". According to Katkova, these are "spirits that protect the house and its inhabitants". However, if the owners of the house do not take care of them, they steal their property. In Victor Ignatyev's interpretation, based on the artist's memories of his childhood, the vivid spirits are the neighbour, the kikimora. The neighbour and the kikimora lives under the stairs, and the lizun lives behind the kvassnitsa, in the chimney and in the ovine. According to Ignatyev and Trofimov, the lizun and kikimora are introduced into the plot of Kolyada not because of its folklore beginning.	1.992188

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