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77425881
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quranic%20cosmology
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Quranic cosmology
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The Quranic heaven(s), reflecting their near eastern and biblical cosmological contexts, are firmaments, referring to a solid structure (or barrier) in the sky whose function it is to separate the earth from the heavenly ocean above (visible as the blue sky), and more broadly, given its expanse, to separate the upper from the lower waters (which may correspond to the two sweet and salty seas, the baḥrān, referred to throughout the Quran like in Q 25:53, 27:61, 35:12, 55:19). There is some controversy over the shape of the Quranic firmament, namely, whether it is domed or flat, although most have understood the firmaments to be flat.
The heavens are analogized to a roof, structure, and edifice without crack or fissure. It is extremely broad and stretched, but it is also constantly broadening. Mohammad Ali Tabatabaʾi and Saida Mirsadri have summarized the Quranic discussion of the firmament as follows: As for the nature of the heaven/sky in the Qurʾān, it is a concrete object (Kor 79, 27; 91, 5) built by God (Kor 50, 6) by hands (= power?) (Kor 51, 47) and it is lifted up (Kor 88, 18). So it is not surprising to expect its fall, or at least the fall of some of its fragments (Kor 34, 9; 17, 92), upon the earth; yet, God himself holds the firmament lest it may fall upon the earth (Kor 22, 65). In some other verses they are assumed to be held up by invisible pillars (Kor 13, 2; 31, 10). The Qurʾān describes the heavens as a protected/preserved and uplifted roof (saqfan maḥfūẓan: Kor 21, 32; al-saqf al-marfūʿ: Kor 52, 5) and a structure/edifice (bināʾ: Kor 2, 22; 40, 64), in which there is no fissures (Kor 50, 6; 67, 3). As for the measure of the firmament, it seems that it (alongside with the earth) is the most extended thing which the Qurʾān knows of. So massive, seems to the Qurʾān, the scale of the sky, that describing the grandeur of paradise, it likens it, in its broadness, to the sky (Kor 3, 133; 57, 21). As large as it already is, its width is still constantly broadening (Kor 51, 47).
| 2.265625
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77425881
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quranic%20cosmology
|
Quranic cosmology
|
The Quran states that the universe was created in six days using a consistent, quasi-creedal formula (Q 7:54, 10:3, 11:7, 25:59, 32:4, 50:38, 57:4). Quran 41:9–12 represents one of the most developed creation accounts in the Quran:Say: "Do you indeed disbelieve in the One who created the earth in two days [bi-lladhī khalaqa l-'arḍa fī yawmayni], and do you set up rivals to Him? That is the Lord of the worlds. He placed on it firm mountains (towering) above it, and blessed it, and decreed for it its (various) foods in four days, equal to the ones who ask. Then, He mounted (upward) to the sky [thumma stawā 'ilā l-samā'i], while it was (still) smoke [wa-hiya dukhānun], and said to it and to the earth, 'Come, both of you, willingly or unwillingly!' They both said, 'We come willingly'." He finished them (as) seven heavens in two days [qaḍā-hunna sabʿa samāwātin fī yawmayni], and inspired each heaven (with) its affair.This passage contains a number of peculiarities compared with the Genesis creation account, including the formation of the earth before heaven and the idea that heaven existed in a formless state of smoke before being formed by God into its current form.
Order of creation events
The sequence of creation events is laid out in Q 41:9–12. This passage allocates two days for the creation of the earth, four days for the event in which the "Lord placed the mountains above it [the earth]" and "decreed for it its foods", and then another two days for the creation of the heavens. Literally, this passage suggests an eight day creation, in tension with both biblical models of creation and the six-day formula that appears in other places in the Quran. Furthermore, the earth is created before the heavens are (unlike in the Genesis creation narrative), potentially recalling the debate within Christianity and Judaism about if earth was created first, heaven was created first, or the two were formed simultaneously. The exact Quranic sequence of creation, however, is not known to occur in another text.
| 2.3125
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77425886
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024%20Nouakchott%20migrant%20boat%20disaster
|
2024 Nouakchott migrant boat disaster
|
The 2024 Nouakchott migrant boat disaster occurred on 22 July 2024, when a pirogue carrying hundreds of migrants capsized near the coast of Nouakchott, the capital and largest city of Mauritania. At least 15 migrants were killed in the disaster, with over 195 more categorized as missing.
Background
Reporting from the International Organization for Migration (IOM) stated that the disaster occurred at a time when migration from the "West Atlantic Route" was increasing, with over 19,700 migrants landing in the Canary Islands irregularly by the end of July 2024 in contrast to the 7,590 that crossed at the same time in 2023. It reported that over 4,500 deaths or disappearances on this route were catalogued since 2014, with 2023 having its second deadliest year on record with over 1,950 deaths. At least 76 boats containing 6,130 living migrants arrived in Mauritania from June 2024 to the time of the disaster, and 190 migrants were reported dead or missing.
The wooden fishing pirogue boarded passengers from The Gambia on 17 July 2024. The IOM reported that the vessel was carrying roughly 300 people at the time of the disaster.
Disaster
On 22 July 2024, the migrant-carrying vessel capsized near the coast of Nouakchott, the capital of Mauritania, causing at least 15 fatalities with over 195 more people reported as missing. The IOM stated that the capsizing occurred during a two-day period of strong winds.
The Mauritanian coastguard reported that they rescued over 120 migrants from the capsized ship and the waters, among them were four children who were separated from their guardians or were unaccompanied. Ten people required emergency transfer to regional hospitals.
| 2.15625
| 0
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77426509
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical%20Storm%20Prapiroon%20%282024%29
|
Tropical Storm Prapiroon (2024)
|
Before Prapiroon approached Vietnam, Prime Minister of Vietnam Phạm Minh Chính ordered emergency measures to take place in coastal provinces. Vessels were ordered to return to port or move away from areas within the storm's projected track. Emergency response teams were deployed to protect traffic moving through flood and landslide-prone areas and assist in evacuation and recovery efforts. Measures were also taken to prevent dams and reservoirs from overflowing. Heavy rainfall was expected in Northern Vietnam, reaching as high as 300 mm (12 in) in parts of Thanh Hóa province.
As the storm landed in Quảng Ninh, Prapiroon became the first tropical cyclone to strike Vietnam in 640 days, ending a record drought of landfalls. The storm downed trees and damaged billboards and fences in the province of Quảng Ninh. Heavy rain and flooding in Sơn La Province killed seven people and two in Dien Bien Province, with nine others missing. Prapiroon brought significant agricultural impact to Vietnam. In the Cà Mau province and the Hậu Giang province, over 1,000 hectares of rice were damaged due to the heavy rains caused by Prapiroon. In the Trần Văn Thời district, 570 hectares of rice were damaged. As of July 29, damage by the storm and flooding in Son La Province reached 315 billion dong (US$13.36 million); and in Chuong My District in Hanoi reached 92 billion dong (US$3.9 million). In Dien Bien province, damage by the flooding, as of July 30, reached 30 billion dong (US$1.27 million).
| 2.453125
| 0
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77426520
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reefton%2C%20New%20South%20Wales
|
Reefton, New South Wales
|
Fifty men were working in four mines in the area in 1897. However, the field had a relatively short life, with mining all but ceasing in 1902. There was sporadic production of small amounts of gold between 1905 and 1937. Even by 1898, the village was in decline and, by 1902, all that left was the hotel, post office, school, and a few houses. The Reefton Hotel was destroyed by fire, in 1920; it was insured, but apparently was not rebuilt. Reefton had a school from November 1894 to December 1971.
The second village to be known as Reefton is now the site of a small cluster of settlement, on the eastern side of the Lake Cargelligo railway line. It was originally known as West Reefton. It dates from the coming of the railway—Reefton station opened in 1903—being proclaimed as a village in February 1907. Between West Reefton and the mining village of Reefton, was an area of common land, shared by both villages. West Reefton was officially renamed Reefton, in 1974, by which time the older mining village had effectively ceased to exist.
The railway station closed in 1975, and was demolished. There is still a grain silo near the site of the old station, but it is no longer used as a train loading location. The names of three of the streets of the second village remain in use, Reefton Street, Carruthers Street, and Austral Street, although these no longer entirely conform to the village's plan.
| 2.28125
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77426565
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas%20Doxat%20von%20Morez
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Nicolas Doxat von Morez
|
Nicolas Doxat de Démoret also Nicolas Doxat von Morez (Yverdon, Switzerland, 3 November 1682 Belgrade, Principality of Serbia, 20 March 1738) was a Swiss general in the army of the Habsburg Monarchy. He is also known as the engineer who rebuilt the Kalemegdan Fortress and as the first foreign Belgrade urban planner and builder.
Biography
Nicolas Doxat, born in 1682 in Yverdon, a Swiss canton of Bern, was the son of Joseph zu Démoret (co-lord of Démoret) (1643–1718) and Marguerite von Stürler (b. 1645). They received the noble title of baron from Emperor Ferdianand. His parents were of the Reformed faith (Protestants) and a citizen of Démoret. Nicolas remained single and his wealth was estimated at 30,000 florin in gold). At the age of 18, Nikola Doxat joinsed the Dutch army, which sends him to school to become a fortification officer. As an engineer officer, he participated in the War of the Spanish Succession and in Flanders (1702–1714). After the siege of Lille, he joined the Austrian Imperial Army, where he advanced rapidly, rising to the rank of general. He participated in the Habsburg-Ottoman war in the Danube region (1716–1718) and in the war in Sicily (1718–1720). He was seriously wounded during the siege of Timisoara. A bullet hit him in the right knee, his left shoulder was crushed, and his left hip was severely injured. Because of these injuries, Nikola Doxat remained crippled for the rest of his life.
| 1.921875
| 0
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77426565
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas%20Doxat%20von%20Morez
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Nicolas Doxat von Morez
|
The first works related to the construction of seven one-story buildings, among which was the oldest house in Belgrade, today under state protection as a cultural monument. Its construction began in 1724 and ended in 1727, and it was built in the Baroque style. The specificity of this complex of buildings is the network of underground passages that connected them to each other, and it is believed to also be the fortress on Kalemegdan. The court of Eugene of Savoy and the house of Nikola Doxat, which were located in today's Dušanova Street, were connected to the fortress by these tunnels. The length of these underground passages, the routes they pass through and what they connect, due to strategic reasons, most probably only Nikola Doxat himself knew. Allegedly, he kept the plans to himself hidden and never disclosed, not even to his superiors. According to some beliefs, there are tunnels leading from the Belgrade fortress to Zemun, and their role was to supply the city in case of siege and a safe retreat in case of extreme emergency.According to architect Zoran Đukanović, with this reconstruction the fortress was supposed to be the most perfect defense machine and the first impenetrable bastion of defense of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Europe and Christianity, and the city was to get new, significant public facilities.
| 2.359375
| 0
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77426745
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges%20Watin
|
Georges Watin
|
Georges Watin (10 May 1923 - 19 February 1994), nicknamed la Boîteuse [the feminine version of "The Limper"], was an Algerian-born French agricultural manager and militant activist of the counter-revolutionary Organisation armée secrète. He was involved in torture, murder, bombings and assassination attempts, including against French president Charles de Gaulle. His plans and actions were a major inspiration for events depicted in Frederick Forsyth's début novel, The Day of the Jackal, in which he called Watin "The most dangerous man in the room".
Biography
He was born in Aïn Defla ("Duperré" to French colonists), where his father was an army colonel. He gained the nickname la Boîteuse because of a pronounced limp from a childhood accident. A landowner, he studied agronomy and managed an agricultural property in Arib ("Littré" to colonialists), on the Mitidja plain. He violently opposed the movement towards independence for Algeria and expressed such views as a member of the L'Union française nord-africaine (UFNA), founded by local vineyard owner Robert Martel in 1955.
| 2.375
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77426802
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20H%C3%BCfner
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George Hüfner
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The theater was shielded from accusations of sinfulness by moral prologues read from the stage before performances began. In addition to summarizing the play, these prologues included abstract reasoning: "Nothing frightens a man as much as the expectation of future events, about which he is both anxious and sorrowful. That is why we cannot reveal the hidden aspects of our nature, nor can we know whether they are for good or for ill".
Over time, "comedy fun" became not only an important part of court life and a means of ideological education but also a form of public service. Attendance at these performances was mandatory for the boyars and certain courtiers. However, theater historian E. G. Kholodov noted that "mandatory did not equate to compulsion". Often, the tsar's cronies avoided attending the theater under various pretexts, as evidenced by documents from Ivan Polyansky, clerk of the Order of Secret Affairs.
Chizhinsky, who replaced Hüfner shortly before the death of Alexei Mikhailovich, managed to stage two comedies, About David with Goliath and About Bacchus with Venus. However, the new tsar, Feodor Alexeevich, and his relatives, the Miloslavsky, did not favor this form of entertainment. By February 1676, the main theater advocate, Artamon Matveev, had been exiled to Pustozersk, and the "comedy" rooms were left empty. It wasn't until thirty years later that Tsarevna Natalya Alekseevna resumed theater performances in Preobrazhensky.
Writings
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69966632
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Taipei%20Metro%20Circular%20Line%20EMU
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New Taipei Metro Circular Line EMU
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The New Taipei Metro Circular Line EMU is a medium-capacity train operating on Taipei Metro's Circular line. A total of 17 4-car trains were manufactured by Hitachi Rail Italy (formerly AnsaldoBreda) in Reggio Calabria, then shipped to Hsinchu for final assembly at Taiwan Rolling Stock Company (TRSC). This is the second time Taiwan has purchased trains made in Italy after Taiwan Railways' EMU300 series, built by Socimi.
This was Taipei Metro's third medium-capacity train and New Taipei Metro's first, and officially entered service with the opening of the first phase of the Circular line on 31 January 2020.
History
In 2009, the Taipei City Government held a tender for the first phase of the construction of the Circular line, and the bid was awarded to AnsaldoBreda (now Hitachi Rail Italy) for designing and manufacturing the Driverless Metro trains. In August 2016, the AnsaldoBreda factory in Reggio Calabria held a delivery ceremony. In November, it arrived at South Depot for various tests and subsequent integration operations. Dynamic testing started in mid 2017.
Design
There are many differences from the designs and innovations of the existing medium-capacity trains of the Taipei Metro, except that the EMU101 uses the same steel wheels as the high-capacity trains, and the carriages have open-gangway connections. This greatly increases the capacity and the seats are more ergonomically designed. The trains have the external sliding doors of the other lines, instead of the plug doors found on all other trains in the Hitachi Rail Italy Driverless Metro family.
Two different liveries of the Circular Line EMU are currently in service. One of these variations is the standard yellow cab and white body design, while the other employs black accents along doors and windows.
Train formation
A complete four-car set consists of an identical twin set of one end car (A or B) and one intermediate car (C or D) permanently coupled together. The configuration of a Circular line train in revenue service is A–C–D–B.
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69966732
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence%20Wells%20Slater
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Florence Wells Slater
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Upon graduating, Slater moved to New York City, teaching science in city public schools, most notably Washington Irving High School. While teaching at Washington Irving, she would borrow slides from the American Museum of Natural History and animals from the Bronx Zoo for her lectures. Every month, she would arrange for a member of the American Museum of Natural History's Department of Education to lecture to the entire 5,000-person student body in the school auditorium.
Slater was an advocate for equal pay for equal work and for adopting a pension system for teachers in New York public schools. When she retired from teaching, she was granted a pension that allowed her to remain financially independent for the remainder of her life. She moved back to North Carolina and guest lectured around the state. Jane Simpson McKimmon attended one of her guest lectures, at the North Carolina State College, where she lectured to six hundred and twenty-three students from rural North Carolina on a reel of film titled How Life Begins.
Slater was a parishioner and bible study teacher at St. Paul's Episcopal Church in Winston-Salem.
She died on January 22, 1941, and is buried at Salem Cemetery.
| 2.640625
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69966799
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marinette%2C%20Wisconsin%20minor%20league%20baseball%20history
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Marinette, Wisconsin minor league baseball history
|
Minor league baseball teams were based in Marinette, Wisconsin in various seasons between 1891 and 1914. Marinette partnered with neighboring Menominee, Michigan, playing as the Marinette–Menominee Twins in 1914. Marinette played in the 1891 Wisconsin State League. Marinette and Menominee, Michigan based teams played as members of the Wisconsin-Michigan League in 1892 and Wisconsin-Illinois League in 1914.
Baseball Hall of Fame member Hank O'Day played for the 1892 Marinette Badgers.
Marinette teams hosted minor league home games at the Fairgrounds Driving Park.
History
It was reported that a Marinette first fielded a minor league team in 1891. The Marinette Badgers became charter members of the Wisconsin State League. Marinette played in 1891 with the Appleton Papermakers, Fond du Lac Mudhens, Green Bay Dock Wallopers, Oconto Log Drivers and Oshkosh Indians teams joining Marinette in the six–team Wisconsin State League.
The Marinette use of the "Badger" moniker corresponds to state history and folklore. The Badger is the mascot of the University of Wisconsin. The state of Wisconsin is known as the "Badger State" and the badger is the official state mammal of Wisconsin. Reportedly, early miners in Wisconsin were known to dig tunnels into hillsides, in which they also slept during winter months, leading to the nickname.
Marinette won the 1891 Wisconsin State League championship. Playing under manager Jake Aydelotte, the Badgers placed first in the league standings with a record of 51–39. Marinette finished 2.5 games ahead of the second place Appleton Papermakers in the final standings.
| 2.265625
| 0
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69967188
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.%20S.%20Anantharaman
|
M. S. Anantharaman
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Mylapore Sundaram Anantharaman (26 August 1924 – 19 February 2018) was an Indian Carnatic and Hindustani violinist. He was an exponent of Parur style of violin playing. He received several awards including Kalaimamani Award and Sangeet Natak Akademi Award.
Biography
M. S. Anantharaman was born on 26 August 1924, in a musical family in Paravur, Aluva in present-day Ernakulam district of Kerala. His father Parur Sundaram Iyer was a violinist in the royal palace of Travancore. Iyer, migrated to Chennai from Kerala in 1932. Anantharaman learned the violin at the age of six from his father Sundaram Iyer. His father, who introduced Violin in Hindusthani music, trained Anantharaman and his brother M. S. Gopalakrishnan, both Carnatic and Hindustani music. His elder sister Parur Sitalakshmi was also a violinist. He made his debut at the age of seven. He and his sister played violin duets at the Ramanathaswamy Temple, Subramaniya Swamy Temple, Tiruchendur and Kanyakumari Temple.
Anantharaman designed his own style with his brother. The brothers were popular in Parur Bani (mix of Hidustani and Carnatic styles). He was a regular participant at concerts in Chennai as part of the Markazi festival. Later, when M. S. Gopalakrishnan performed his own violin concerts, Anantharaman became accustomed to accompanying musicians on the violin. Anantharaman became a violinist along with Carnatic musicians including M. S. Subbulakshmi and Hindustani musicians including Omkarnath Thakur.
He has served as a professor of violin in the Tamil Nadu Government Music College in Chennai from 1962 to 1983. Later, he taught violin in Pittsburgh, United States also.
His sons M. S. Sundareswaran and M. A. Krishnaswamy were also Carnatic violinists. His daughter M. A. Bhagirathi is a Carnatic vocalist.
He died on 19 February 2018, at his home at Sri Apparswamy Koil Street, Mylapore, Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
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69967547
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred%20Altherr
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Alfred Altherr
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Alfred Altherr (14 March 1843 in Grub – 18 January 1918 in Basel, entitled to reside in Speicher, honorary citizen of Basel) was a Swiss Protestant clergyman and writer from the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden.
Life
Alfred Altherr was the son of the baker Johannes Altherr and his wife Anna Barbara (née Niederer), a hand embroiderer. He came from an impoverished family whose house was auctioned off in 1854 by order of the Poor Authorities. This led to the children being separated from the family and he was placed in an orphanage in Speicher; later his three sisters followed him. At the same time, Johann Heinrich Krüsi, who later became Thomas Alva Edison's assistant and with whom he had to do weaving work, was staying in the orphanage.
After the orphanage director changed, Alfred Altherr came to the canton school in Trogen in 1857 and took a preliminary course at the Swiss Federal Polytechnic in Zurich in 1862; He then studied theology at the University of Zurich.
He was ordained in Herisau in 1867 and was a pastor in Lichtensteig until 1871, then in Rorschach from 1871 to 1874 and in the Leonhardskirche in Basel from 1874 to 1911.
In 1878 he founded the Basler Ferienversorgung armer und erholungsbedürftiger Schulkinder (committee for holiday care for poor and needy school children) who were in need of relaxation. In 1917 he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Basel. Alfred Altherr was buried in the Wolfgottesacker Cemetery in Basel.
Family
Alfred Altherr married Henriette Pfenninger, daughter of Johann Heinrich Pfenninger, pastor in Laufen, in 1868. The names of their sons: Paul Altherr, Alfred Johann Altherr and Heinrich Altherr.
Spiritual engagement
Alfred Altherr was Basel's first liberal pastor and an exponent of the church reform movement, which advocated Christianity free from confession and dogma.
| 2.0625
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69968001
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyekit
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Eyekit
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The Eyekit (, ) is a river in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia. It is a left tributary of the Lena. Its length is from the sources of the Buor Eyekit. The area of its basin including the latter is .
The Eyekit flows across the Bulunsky district. The banks of the river are uninhabited.
Geography
The Eyekit is the last major tributary of the Lena before it ends in the Arctic Ocean. It originates in the southeastern slopes of the Kystyk Plateau, at the northeastern limit of the Central Siberian Plateau as the Buor-Eyekit. In its upper course it flows southeast, then it reaches a floodplain with small lakes and swamps and turns northeast. After being joined by the Tas-Eyekit from the left, it flows roughly eastwards cutting across the southern end of the Chekanovsky Ridge, north of a large bend of the Lena. Finally it meets the left bank of the great river a little north of Kyusyur, upstream of its mouth in the Laptev Sea.
The Eyekit freezes in the first half of October and stays under ice until late May.
Tributaries
The longest tributary of the Eyekit is the long Tas-Eyekit (Тас-Эекит), joining it from the left.
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69968196
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazis%20and%20Thikadars%20of%20Sikkim
|
Kazis and Thikadars of Sikkim
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Kazis and Thikadars of Sikkim, also known as Ilakadars, were the hereditary feudal lords and the ruling class in former Kingdom of Sikkim. They had administrative and judicial powers within their respective land estates. This system existed since the establishment of the Namgyal dynasty and was further institutionalised under the period of British influence in Sikkim.
History
Chogyal Phuntsog Namgyal appointed 12 Kalons or ministers from the Bhutia community and split his kingdom into 12 Dzongs or administrative units, which each contained a fort. Individual Dzongs were headed by a Dzonga drawn from amongst the Lepchas. The Limbu chiefs or the Subbas were also given full autonomy of their districts under the King.
After contact with the British, the agrarian Sikkimese society witnessed a drastic change in land use and settlement pattern. The British encouraged migration of Nepalese to Sikkim mainly for agriculture and labour. The two Newar trade families of Lachhimidas Pradhan and Chandrabir Maskey from princely estates of Kathmandu were given land as a contract or ‘’thika’’. These new landlords hence came to be known as Newar Thikadars.
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69969621
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hogrekan
|
Hogrekan
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Hogrekan in the Chikkamagaluru district of Karnataka is a biodiversity heritage site. It was declared as a biodiversity heritage site on 5 June, World Environment Day by the Karnataka State Forest Department and the Biodiversity Board. Hogrekan is located in Taluka Kaduru, where it covers a total area of 2508.06 acres. It consists of lush vegetation and is connected with Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary, Bababudangiri and Kemmangundi, it is also a part of the Yemedoddi Tiger reserve. The vegetation includes dry deciduous forests which have several other distinct floral species and medicinal plants. It serves as a "Wildlife Corridor" for Kudremukha and Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary.
Shola
Hogrekan is also known for the Shola vegetation; this vegetation has a lot of unique medicinal plants. The Shola forest is a stunted tropical montane forest, in which undulating grasslands are scattered. Several floral species in this area have medicinal properties and are also endemic. These grasslands (Shola) are said to be thousands of years old.
| 2.5
| 0
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69970300
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrey%20Smirnov%20%28general%29
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Andrey Smirnov (general)
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With the introduction of general ranks in the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army on June 4, 1940, Smirnov was awarded the military rank of lieutenant general. In December 1940, he was appointed commander of the Kharkov Military District.
World War II
From the beginning of the German-Soviet War of World War II, he commanded the 18th Army of the Southern Front, whose troops fought heavy defensive battles on the southern wing of the Soviet–German front. The army participated in the border battles in Moldova, in the Tiraspol–Melitopol and Uman defensive operations. In their course, the army defended itself in the Kamenetz–Podolsky and Mogilev–Podolsky fortified regions, then with battles retreated to the line of Voznesensk, Marinovka, Bolshaya Vradievka and went on the defensive. By mid–August, the troops retreated beyond the Dnieper, and by the end of September – to the line between the Dnieper Floodplains (south of Zaporizhzhia) and Molochnyi Lyman.
During the Donbass–Rostov Defensive Operation, the main forces of the 18th Army were surrounded by the enemy from the north. While trying to break out of the encirclement, Lieutenant General Smirnov died in battle on October 8, 1941, near the village of Popivka (according to other sources, near the village of Andreevka) in Zaporizhzhia Oblast. There are different versions about the circumstances of the death of Andrey Smirnov: according to one version, he died in a night battle while trying to break out of the encirclement, according to another, at a critical moment in the battle, he shot himself to avoid capture.
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69970699
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtis%20Wright%20IV
|
Curtis Wright IV
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Early life and education
Wright was born in 1949. His father was an Ivy League-educated university law professor, and his mother was a psychiatrist and the superintendent of a state mental hospital. Wright received a bachelor's degree in chemistry from Haverford College. He finished a four-year program of medicine in 1977 at George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences prior to joining the United States Navy as a lieutenant. Wright completed his surgical internship at the Naval Regional Medical Center in Portsmouth, Virginia in 1978, where he received training in undersea medicine and substance abuse treatment. By 1983, Wright had attained the rank of lieutenant commander in the United States Navy. He received a master's degree in public health from the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health in 1986, where he also completed his residency the following year. This followed with a residency in occupational and general preventative medicine and a fellowship in behavioral pharmacology and drug dependence. Wright's training program in behavioral pharmacology was funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse. He completed his postgraduate in behavioral pharmacology from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in 1989.
Career
Wright continued in academia from 1993 to 2000 as an assistant professor at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, and from 2006 as an adjunct clinical instructor at Tufts University School of Medicine.
| 1.929688
| 0
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69971066
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzi%20Ferrer
|
Suzi Ferrer
|
Suzi Ferrer (May 24, 1940April 6, 2006) (born Susan Nudelman, also known as Sasha Ferrer, was a visual artist based in San Juan, Puerto Rico from the mid-1960s to 1975. She is known for her transgressive, irreverent, avant-garde, art brut and feminist work.
Biography
Suzi was the eldest child of Ruth Epstein Susser and Samuel Nudelman, both second generation Austrian, Polish and Belarusian Jewish immigrants. Sasha, as her parents referred to her, graduated from Jamaica High School, New York, in 1958, where she excelled and was active in the drama department. Her main interest was acting and she hoped to make a career in television.
In the summer of 1958, Nudelman enrolled in the Fine Arts program at Cornell University, graduating in 1962. She exhibited her work at the Andrew Dickson White Museum of Art (now the Herbert F. Johnson Museum) and the Franklin Gallery, both on the university campus. While at Cornell, she also continued acting, appearing in several campus plays as well as a brief stint on Broadway in The Pajama Game in 1959.
After graduating, Sasha married Puerto Rican Miguel A. Ferrer, whom she met while he was studying for his MBA at Cornell University. They moved to New York City, visiting galleries and buying contemporary art. They lived a nomadic life, traveling between New York and San Juan during the first years of their marriage. With their daughter, Ilena (b. 1964), the Ferrers settled permanently in Puerto Rico in the mid-1960s. Their son, Miguel, was born in Puerto Rico in 1969.
| 2.078125
| 0
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69971075
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20Everette%20Hawkins
|
Walter Everette Hawkins
|
Walter Everette Hawkins (17 November 1883 – unknown) was a poet, mail clerk, and freethinker, described as being 'an important figure in the transition of black literature from the genteel modes of the nineteenth century to the flowering of black militancy often identified with the Harlem Renaissance'.
Life
Hawkins was born on 17 November 1883 in North Carolina, the thirteenth child of formerly enslaved parents. One of Hawkins' older brothers, John R. Hawkins — though a railway mail service worker when Walter was born — went on to become a teacher and the president of Kittrell College. Walter Everette Hawkins received some schooling in Warrenton, graduated from Kittrell College in 1901, and later left North Carolina for Washington. There, he worked as a mail clerk for the post office, and wrote poetry. 'My only recreation,' he wrote, was 'in stealing away to be with the masters, the intellectual dynamos, of the world, who converse with me without wincing and deliver me the key to life's riddle.'
Hawkins' first published collection was Chords and Discords (originally published in 1909, and again, revised, in 1920). He wrote in his preface to Chords and Discords:My greatest reward lies in the hope that some Chords herein struck may be the inspiration of some into whose hands they may come, and set into motion a stream of fellow-feeling, of friendship and love flowing from them to me and from me to them, thence to all the hearts that throb and thrill with the joy that makes kings and queens of this our common clay.In 1936, now living in Brooklyn, New York, Hawkins published Petals from the Poppies.
| 2.28125
| 0
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69971286
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent%20International%20Commission%20of%20Inquiry%20on%20the%20Occupied%20Palestinian%20Territory
|
Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory
|
Following the 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis, the United Nations Human Rights Council voted on 27 May 2021 to set up a United Nations fact-finding mission to investigate possible war crimes and other abuses committed in Israel and the Occupied Palestinian territories, the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory.
Mission members
Navi Pillay (South Africa), serves as chair, Miloon Kothari (India) and Chris Sidoti (Australia) serve as members of the commission.
Mandate
The commission will report to the Human Rights Council annually from June 2022. Unlike previous fact finding missions the inquiry is open ended and will examine "all underlying root causes of recurrent tensions, instability and protraction of conflict, including systematic discrimination and repression based on national, ethnic, racial or religious identity."
Opposition and response
Manpower was reduced from 24 to 18 persons following a US-Israel campaign to reduce the Commission budget. On 17 February 2022, Israel said it will not cooperate with the commission, alleging bias. At the end of March, 68 US senators signed a letter to Secretary of State Antony Blinken calling for the Biden administration to use its influence to quash the inquiry. In June 2023, United States and Israel joined 25 countries in condemning the open-ended nature of the UN investigation and "the long-standing disproportionate attention given to Israel in the council." Responding, Kothari said "There seems to be no sunset clause recommended to Israel to end the occupation.... as long as the occupation continues the UN needs to investigate the occupation...we would like to see the end of the occupation."
Reports
| 2.25
| 0
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69971741
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyril%20Catford
|
Cyril Catford
|
Lieutenant Cyril Herbert Barclay Catford (September 1890 – 5 October 1916) was a British army officer in the Durham Light Infantry. He died at Battle of the Somme. His final letters are preserved at the Durham County Record Office.
Early life
Cyril Catford was born in New Barnet to Mr and Mrs Herbert Catford. He married Rosalind Ruth Jarmand in 1915 and they lived in Steeple Morden, Royston, Hertfordshire. Their son, Captain Herbert Ellis Cyril Barclay Catford, later served in the Durham Light Infantry in the Second World War.
First World War
Catford was commissioned as a Lieutenant into the 6th Battalion, Durham Light Infantry. While serving on the Western Front, he wrote for The Whizz-Bang, a monthly magazine written and edited by British soldiers in the trenches.
In September 1916, Catford's company took part in the Battle of the Somme. As of 25 September, they had been able to capture positions without significant fighting and had suffered only 15 casualties.
Over the following five days, in advance of the next push, a number of Catford's men and fellow officers were killed or left with shell shock.
Catford was injured in the following attack and subsequently died of his wounds on 5 October.
Memorial
In addition to his Commonwealth war grave at Dernancourt, a statue by Nathaniel Hitch was erected in his memory at St Mark's Church, Barnet Vale.
His final letters are preserved by the Durham County Record Office and are sometimes read at British Remembrance Day services.
| 2.09375
| 0
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69971852
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nolina%20beldingii
|
Nolina beldingii
|
This species was first discovered to Western science by Lyman Belding, a naturalist who made several ornithological expeditions to the Sierra de la Laguna. Townshend Stith Brandegee made the species description in 1890 as Nolina beldingi, naming it after Belding, who gave Brandegee the directions to find the plant. Brandegee noted that a local species of wasp frequently nested in the plant, which almost ended his attempts to gather fruit on a precarious cliff-side specimen. He also compared the similarity of this species to the Dracaena planted ornamentally in San Francisco. Brandegee did not mention any type specimen in his description, meaning that a specimen collected in 1893 serves as the lectotype.
Distribution and habitat
This species is endemic to the Sierra de la Laguna, a mountain range in the Cape region of Baja California Sur, Mexico. It grows on granitic outcrops at elevations from to , often in the highest reaches of the mountains. It is predominantly found on the steep slopes and cliffs of the local oak and pine forests, growing in association with Quercus tuberculata, Q. devia, Q. arizonica and Arbutus peninsularis. It is also found growing with the rare Dudleya rigida. Brandegee described this species as "the most striking part of the vegetation" amongst the oaks and pines.
Uses
This leaves from this species are reportedly used as thatching by the local peoples. Members of the genus Nolina are also utilized by indigenous peoples to make mats, basketry, and hats. In parts of Arizona, New Mexico, Sonora and Chihuahua, the leaves of Nolina species are used to make brooms.
| 2.859375
| 0
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69972230
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20the%20Whale
|
Walter the Whale
|
Walter is renamed Skana
Weighing approximately 3,000 pounds and "just under 15 feet" long, this orca was not mature, with a dorsal fin that could not indicate the orca's sex. In Walter's new tank at the Vancouver Aquarium, Vince Penfold reversed the problem he had had with Moby Doll, whose "feminine" name had been given to a male orca. This time a "masculine" name had been given to a female orca prior to the Vancouver Aquarium's involvement. The assistant curator said, "With the clear water it was easy for a biologist to make the distinction." This quickly prompted hopes for a pregnancy. The name Walter was not considered fitting, and after a contest with over 5,000 entries, the aquarium selected for her the name Skana.
Skana's immediate stardom
From the moment the young orca arrived, she became the Vancouver Aquarium's "prime attraction and an invaluable asset to the city's growing tourist industry. That first spring, Stanley Park saw traffic like it never had before, with tourists and locals alike packing the aquarium. Then came the summer crush. In August alone, 119,746 people visited, bringing the year's total to 527,536—an 80 percent increase over the same period in 1966."
| 2.1875
| 0
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69972707
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne%20D.%20Lewis%20Jr.
|
Wayne D. Lewis Jr.
|
Wayne D. Lewis Jr. is an academic administrator who is currently serving as the sixth president of Houghton University and is the first African American president of the institution. He succeeded Dr. Shirley A. Mullen, who served in the role since 2006.
Education
Lewis earned a Bachelor’s degree in Criminal Justice from Loyola University in 2001. He then went on to earn a Masters in Urban Studies with a minor in Public Administration from the University of Akron’s Buchtel College of Arts and Sciences in 2002. He also did Post-Baccalaureate Studies in Special Education-Mild/Moderate Disabilities at the University of New Orleans in 2004. Lewis then earned his Ph.D in Educational Research and Policy Analysis with a minor in Public Administration from North Carolina State University’s College of Education in 2009.
Professional life
Before his role as president of Houghton University, Lewis was the inaugural dean and professor of education at Belmont University. He also previously worked at the Commonwealth of Kentucky in roles such as Executive Director of Education Policy & Programs and Commissioner of Education. Before that, Lewis worked at the University of Kentucky for 10 years as the Principal Leadership Program Chair, Assistant Professor of Educational Leadership Studies, Educational Leadership Doctoral Programs Chair, and Associate Professor of Educational Leadership.
Multicultural Center Controversy
As president of Houghton University, Lewis has overseen the closing of the mosaic multicultural center. This decision to close the multicultural center was controversial on campus and resulted in the firing of a resident director, citing defamatory speech over an opinion given to the on-campus newspaper.
Personal life
Lewis is a native of New Orleans and attended St. Augustine High School there. He currently resides in Houghton, NY with his wife, Monica, and his daughter, Whitley.
| 1.921875
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69973532
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure%20policy%20of%20the%20United%20States
|
Infrastructure policy of the United States
|
Federal authority over internal improvements was often challenged, with Presidents James Madison and James Monroe using the presidential veto to restrict internal improvements bills, arguing that they were unconstitutional. Monroe took the position that a federal system of improvements was unconstitutional but that appropriations for improvements were permissible, setting the precedent for future improvements projects. In the 1820s, infrastructure projects were promoted as a component of the American System by Henry Clay. Infrastructure spending fell dramatically after the Panic of 1837, and the next major period of infrastructure spending would not take place until 1851. By 1860, $119.8 million had been spent on internal improvements, with $77.2 million of this distributed to the states.
Energy policy
The Department of Energy is responsible for overseeing federal energy policy.
Telecommunications policy
American telecommunications policy is governed by the Communications Act of 1934 and the Telecommunications Act of 1996. The Federal Communications Commission is responsible for regulating telecommunications in the United States.
Transportation policy
The Department of Transportation is responsible for developing and carrying out American transportation policy. The administrations of the department are empowered to regulate travel by sea, air, rail, and federal highways. Early transportation policy consisted of admiralty law set out by federal courts. Congress began development of a codified federal transportation policy with the enactment of several Pacific Railroad Acts in the 1860s to support westward expansion. The Office of Public Roads, predecessor to the Federal Highway Administration, was created in 1905. The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, which would later become NASA was formed in 1915 following the advent of powered air flight.
Waste policy
| 2.859375
| 0
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69973739
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Willis%20White
|
Thomas Willis White
|
Southern Literary Messenger
In 1834 White founded the Southern Literary Messenger. Its masthead read "Devoted To Every Department Of Literature And The Fine Arts". He intended it to be a platform for southern writers of prose and poetry to publish their work. The first issue was published in August 1834 and included laudatory comments from John Quincy Adams and James Fenimore Cooper, among others. It opened with this statement.
In February of 1835 White wrote James Madison asking if he had any manuscripts that he would like published. Madison, who was recovering from an illness and still confined to his room at the time, did not reply personally, but his wife Dolley wrote a letter in response. Shortly thereafter, she sent White a manuscript of Madison's Jonathan Bull & Mary Bull, an allegory about slavery that Madison likely wrote around 1821 in response to the Missouri Compromise, asking him to publish it anonymously.
White published the allegory in the March 1835 issue with the disclaimer that "We are sorry that we are not permitted to announce the source from which we derive the original story or apologue of "Jonathan Bull and Mary Bull." Its own merit however, and its obvious application to events of the time at which it was written, will attract a due share of attention." That same issue contained the first contribution from Edgar Allan Poe, titled "Berenice."
In August 1835, after accepting several pieces from Poe, White hired him to write literary critiques and assist in editing the journal. The relationship did not last long due to Poe's excessive drinking and unreliability. White wrote Poe one month later stating, "You have fine talents, Edgar, — and you ought to have them respected as well as yourself. Learn to respect yourself, and you will very soon find that you are respected. Separate yourself from the bottle, and bottle companions, for ever!" Poe was dismissed in 1837 and never returned.
| 2
| 0
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69973931
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath%20of%20Bereg
|
Oath of Bereg
|
The oath of Bereg (), also labelled as agreement at Bereg (), was a treaty signed between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Holy See in the forests of Bereg on 20 August 1233. In the document, King Andrew II of Hungary vowed that he would not employ Jews and Muslims to administer royal revenues, which caused a decade-long discord with the Holy See starting in the early 1220s, composing of diplomatic complaints and ecclesiastical censures. The document is also an important source for the history of salt trade in Hungary.
Background
Since the establishment of the Kingdom of Hungary at the turn of the 10th and 11th centuries, the Hungarians demonstrated a tolerant attitude towards Jews and Muslims (also called Böszörménys). The presence of non-Christian merchants in the kingdom was due to its role as a crossroad of trading routes leading towards Constantinople, Regensburg and Kiev. Géza II, who ruled Hungary in the mid-12th century, even employed Muslim soldiers who had been recruited from among the peoples of the Eurasian steppes. Nevertheless, the employment of non-Christian officials in administrative functions also had tradition too in Hungary: a royal charter of Coloman, King of Hungary from 1111 refer to "agents" of the royal treasury, who were of "Khalyzians" (Muslims).
| 2.546875
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69973931
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath%20of%20Bereg
|
Oath of Bereg
|
Although Andrew II pledged to respect the privileges of the clergymen and to dismiss his non-Christian officials in his two Golden Bulls, he never fulfilled the latter promise. As a result, Archbishop Robert excommunicated Andrew's key financial advisors – Palatine Denis, son of Ampud, Master of the treasury Nicholas and the aforementioned former chamberlain Samuel of "Saracen" origin – and placed Hungary under an interdict on 25 February 1232. Robert justified his action by the role of the Ishmaelites in the royal administration, especially in minting. He also accused Samuel of heresy and of supporting Muslims and "false" Christians. He, though, refrained from excommunicating King Andrew II himself. Andrew II petitioned to the Roman Curia, complaining about the deeds of the archbishop. In response, Pope Gregory sent a letter to Archbishop Robert in July 1232, in which he accused him of exceeding his powers. The pope emphasized that Robert's jurisdiction as papal legate was limited to the area inhabited by the Cumans and ordered him not to apply further ecclesiastical punishments. The pope promised Andrew that nobody would be excommunicated without the pope's special authorization. Since the archbishop accused the Muslims of persuading Andrew to seize church property, Andrew restored properties to the archbishop, who soon suspended the interdict upon the instruction of the pope.
| 2.21875
| 0
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69973931
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath%20of%20Bereg
|
Oath of Bereg
|
Pope Gregory IX, simultaneously with his letter, also sent James of Pecorara, Cardinal-Bishop of Palestrina as his papal legate to Hungary, who was entrusted to reach an agreement between King Andrew II and Archbishop Robert. The cardinal arrived to Hungary in September 1232. The king avoided meeting him in the following months, thus the cardinal was able to deal with only internal affairs of the church in Hungary. According to historian Tibor Almási, Andrew II, in possession of the papal reassurance, endeavored to hold back all progress in the negotiations to the end, and James of Pecorara could not even threaten a more severe sanction. In early 1233, James met Archbishop Robert and the Hungarian prelates. They jointly transcribed and confirmed Andrew's 1222 donations of privilege to Hungarian Church in March 1233. The cardinal also dealt with the case of the Teutonic Knights, which was expelled from Hungary in 1225. The cardinal sent his chaplain Roger of Torre Maggiore to Rome to report that Andrew II hesitates to reconcile with the Holy See and has been sabotaging the negotiations in various ways for months.
| 2.3125
| 0
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69973992
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985%E2%80%931987%20Watsonville%20Cannery%20strike
|
1985–1987 Watsonville Cannery strike
|
The 1985–1987 Watsonville Cannery strike was a labor strike that involved over 1,000 workers at two food processing facilities in Watsonville, California, United States. The facilities were owned by Watsonville Canning and Richard A. Shaw Inc., two of the largest frozen food processors in the United States, while the workers were all union members of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT) Local 912. The strike began on September 9, 1985, and completely ended about 18 months later, on March 11, 1987.
The city of Watsonville has historically been a center for the food processing industry in California, and by the mid-1900s, it had branded itself as the "frozen food capital of the world", with eight frozen food processing plants in the city. These plants were in an industry-wide labor contract with IBT Local 912, who represented several thousand employees in the city. By the 1980s, due to an increase in migration from Mexico, a large number of these food processing workers were Latinos. Around that same time, changes in the food processing industry caused the Watsonville plants to become less profitable, and in 1982, Watsonville Canning (the single-largest frozen food processor in the United States) negotiated an hourly wage decrease for their union employees from $7.06 to $6.66. In 1985, their labor contract had expired, and Watsonville Canning began pushing for further wage and employee benefits reductions. Richard A. Shaw Inc., another major food processing company in the city, similarly began requesting wage and benefits reductions, which were opposed by the local union. On September 9, union members from both companies began a strike, with picketing commencing shortly thereafter.
| 2.3125
| 0
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69974175
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangifera%20torquenda
|
Mangifera torquenda
|
Mangifera torquenda is a species of flowering plant, a fruit tree in the mango family, that is native to Southeast Asia.
Name
The specific epithet torquenda (‘which is to be twisted’) refers to the method of opening the fruits by cutting around the outer skin and then twisting them. Local names include lamantan, kemantan and buniton.
Description
The tree grows to 40 m in height with a 10 m bole and a dark green, rounded crown. The oval leaves are smooth, 17–21 cm long by 6–9 cm wide. The inflorescences occur as 25 cm pseudo-terminal panicles of fragrant, white to pale yellow flowers. The fruits are round to ovoid drupes 7.5–10 cm long by 6.5–8.5 cm wide, greenish-yellow when ripe, with brown spots and patches. The flesh is pale yellow and edible. The seed has a smooth white endocarp .
Distribution and habitat
The species occurs in the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo, where it is found in lowland and hill mixed dipterocarp forest up to an elevation of 800 m.
Usage
The species is cultivated around villages in East Kalimantan; elsewhere the fruits are generally collected from forest trees. The sour flesh is used in sambals and in cooking fish, and the juice used in cordials.
| 2.40625
| 0
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69974638
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajem-Turkic
|
Ajem-Turkic
|
Ajem-Turkic or Ajami Turkic (; Türkī-yi ʿacemī, 'Persian Turkic' or 'Persian Turkish'), also known as Middle Azeri or Middle Azerbaijanian, is the Turkic vernacular spoken in Iran between the 15th and 18th centuries. The modern Azerbaijani language is descended from this language.
Name
The term is derived from earlier designations, such as lingua turcica agemica, or Turc Agemi, which was used in a grammar book composed by the French writer Capuchin Raphaël du Mans (died 1696) in 1684. Local texts simply called the language türkī. During "the Isfahan phase of the Safavids", it was called ḳızılbaşī in contrast to rūmī (Ottoman) and çaġatā’ī (Chagatai), due to its close relation to dialects spoken by the Qizilbash.
History
Ajem-Turkic is descended from Old Anatolian Turkish, and is part of the southwestern branch of Oghuz languages. The language first appears during the 15th-century in Azerbaijan, eastern Anatolia, and Iran. It went through more development under the Turkic dynasties of the Aq Qoyunlu (1378–1503) and the Qara Qoyunlu (1374–1468), and particularly in Safavid Iran (1501–1736), whose ruling dynasty stemmed from Azerbaijan. Under them, Ajem-Turkic, alongside Persian, was used at the court and in the military, and was a lingua franca from northern to southern Iran. According to Swedish Turkologist Lars Johanson, Ajemi Turkic was an "Azerbaijanian koiné" that functioned as lingua franca in the Caucasus region and in southeastern Dagestan, and was widely spoken at the court and in the army.
According to É. Á. Csató et al.:
Literature
Since its appearance, Ajem-Turkic was heavily impacted by Persian, especially in its syntax. The Persian design of merging clauses which Ajem-Turkic had inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish was strengthened due to its continuous contact with Persian.
| 2.46875
| 0
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69974659
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falcontoxodon
|
Falcontoxodon
|
Falcontoxodon is an extinct genus of toxodontid notoungulate that lived from the late Pliocene to the Pleistocene in what is now Venezuela. Fossils of this genus have been found in the Chapadmalalan-Uquian Codore Formation, as well as in the more recent Ensenadan San Gregorio Formation.
Description
The genus Falcontoxodon was described in 2018 by Carrillo et al with AMU-CURS 765, an almost complete skull with a well-preserved dentition found in the Algodones Member of the Codore Formation. In the same article, two other specimens assigned to Falcontoxodon were described from the Vergel Member of the San Gregorio Formation, assigned respectively to Falcontoxodon aff. aguilerai and Falcontoxodon sp. In 2021, an analysis of the San Gregorio Formation by Carrillo-Briceño et al uncovered thirty-three additional remains, mostly teeth, that were assigned to the genus.
The name of the genus, Falcontoxodon, refers to its relative, Toxodon, and to the Venezuelan state of Falcón in Northern Venezuela, where the holotype remains have been found. The species' name, aguillerai, honours the Venezuelan paleontologist Orangel Aguilera.
Falcontoxodon was a medium-sized Toxodontinae, estimated to have weighted around 800 kg, roughly half the weight of Toxodon. It had a pear-shaped, 55 cm long skull in frontal view, with an elongated nasal. The third upper incisor was absent and the canine was reduced. The lower molars were hypsodont, and the second lower incisor was developed like a tusk.
Phylogeny
The 2018 study that described Falcontoxodon recovers it, along with Mixotoxodon, Gyrinodon and Piauhytherium, to be in the same monophyletic clade within the subfamily Toxodontinae. Below is a parsimony tree establishing the relationships between the genera of Toxodontidae, as proposed by Carrillo et al, 2018.
Palaeoecology
| 2.421875
| 0
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69975000
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20response%20to%20the%20MeToo%20movement
|
International response to the MeToo movement
|
The #MeToo hashtag initially spread in Afghanistan where it is estimated about 90% of women experience sexual harassment in public, at school, or at work, but was quickly silenced when those who shared their stories started fearing for their life. Less than 1% of police officers or military members are women, and sexual assault is often ignored by law enforcement and the military. Rape threats and other types of harassment are common on Facebook and other social media in Afghanistan. Sharing stories of sexual abuse against higher-ranking men is especially dangerous for women in the country, and may result in the killing of the victim or her family members. Some women are also punished or killed by their own family for speaking out, to redeem their "honor" after being tarnished by rape. Despite the risks, some notable people such as Sarienews journalist Maryam Mehtar, and presidential advisor Shaharzad Akbar have shared their own #MeToo stories on social media. Mehtar experienced extreme abuse and several death threats for sharing her story about being sexually harassed in public daily, and was publicly called a "whore" in an interview with The New York Times by Afghan writer Jalil Junbish. He also called the NYT reporter a whore in the same interview. He later denied making the comments. Other women only share their first name or a fake name, and typically describe the story without naming the perpetrator to avoid reprisal. Sexual harassment was first defined in Afghanistan in 2016, though there has been little effort made to enforce laws against it. Rod Nordland and Fatima Faizi of The New York Times reported that a colonel in the Afghan Air Force was secretly and clearly videotaped sexually assaulting a subordinate in November 2017, and the video quickly went viral, but despite an alleged investigation, the colonel has not been formally accused of misconduct
| 2.046875
| 0
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69975293
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazel%20Hainsworth%20Young
|
Hazel Hainsworth Young
|
Hazel Anne Hainsworth Young (September 12, 1905 – July 3, 2009) was an American educator, clubwoman, and centenarian, based in Houston, Texas. She taught Latin in segregated schools for several decades.
Early life and education
Hazel Anne Hainsworth (sometimes seen as Haynesworth) was born in Navasota, Texas and raised in Houston, the daughter of Harry A. Hainsworth and Beatrice Hainsworth. Her father was a postal carrier. She remembered the Camp Logan Mutiny of 1917.
Hainsworth graduated from Houston Colored High School, and from Howard University in 1925. She was a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha. She founded the first Alpha Kappa Alpha graduate chapter in the Houston area, in 1928.
Career
Hainsworth taught school in Houston for almost fifty years. She taught Latin at Jack Yates High School in Houston after college, from 1926 to 1956, when she became the school's Dean of Girls. She later taught at Wheatley High School from 1959 to 1972. She gave a video oral history interview in 2007 to the Houston Oral History Project.
Honors
The Yates High School library was named for Young in 2005, to mark her 100th birthday. In May 2009, shortly before her death, she was given a “Special Lifetime Achievement Award” by the Houston Independent School District, in recognition of her long career. Congresswoman Sheila Jackson Lee has proposed that a post office in Houston be named for Young, in several House resolutions.
Personal life
Hazel Hainsworth married electrician Howard Young in 1940. They had a daughter, Marianne. Hazel Young died in Houston in July 2009, aged 103 years. (Her sister Maye Frances Hutson also lived to be 100 years old.) The Hazel Hainsworth Young and Robert W. Hainsworth Papers are in the collection of the Houston Public Library.
| 2.484375
| 0
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69975315
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympia%20Senators
|
Olympia Senators
|
The Olympia Senators were a minor league baseball team based in Olympia, Washington. From 1903 to 1906, the Senators teams played exclusively as members of the Class D level Southwest Washington League for the duration or the league. The Senators hosted home minor league games at Athletic Stadium, which was nicknamed "Electric Park."
History
Minor league baseball began in Olympia, Washington in 1903. The Olympia "Senators" were charter members of the four–team Class D level Southwest Washington League. The Aberdeen Pippins, Centralia Midgets and Hoquiam Perfect Gentlemen joined Olympia as charter members in beginning league play.
1903 was the first season of the National Association governing body of minor league baseball. The Southwest Washington League and teams were designated to be Class D by the National Association, with John P. Fink, of Olympia serving as league president. The Olympia franchise was officially formed in February 1903, after 20 Olympia businessmen submitted the $250 league entry fee and gained league approval.
The team's "Senators" nickname corresponds to Olympia, Washington being the state capitol of Washington.
Olympia played an opening home exhibition game on April 19, 1903, against the Tacoma Athletes, an amateur team. Olympia won 4–1 with 600 in attendance. Newspapers also referred to the 1903 Olympia team as the "Maroons," likely a reference to uniform colors, common in the era.
On May 22, 1903, President Theodore Roosevelt was present for an Aberdeen home game against Olympia for a "President Day" afternoon game. Olympia defeated the Pippins in the contest.
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75799912
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savita%20Kanswal
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Savita Kanswal
|
Savita Kanswal was an Indian mountaineer hailing from Uttarakhand. She is the first Indian woman to conquer both Mount Everest and Makalu within 16 days. She died in an avalanche accident on October 4, 2022. In January 2024, she posthumously received the Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award, the highest honor in adventure sports in India. Kanswal was posthumously awarded Gold Medal Award by Indian Mountaineering Foundation in December 2024.
Early life
Savita Kanswal was born into a lower-middle-class farming family in the remote Lonthru village of Uttarkashi. She was the youngest of four sisters. In 2013, she completed basic and advanced mountaineering courses at the Nehru Institute of Mountaineering (NIM), Uttarkashi.
Career
Kanswal set a national record in May 2022 by raising the Flag of India on Mount Everest, the world's highest peak. She climbed Mount Everest (8848 m) on May 12, 2022, achieving this milestone on the 16th day. On May 28, 2022, she climbed Makalu (8485 m), the world's fifth-highest peak.
Under the pre-Everest campaign, Savita successfully climbed five peaks across India, including Trisul. She served as an instructor for the Nehru Institute of Mountaineering's Advanced Mountaineering Course (NIM) at Draupadi Ka Danda Peak.
Death
Savita died on October 4, 2022, in an avalanche at Mount Draupadi Ka Danda-2 peak in Uttarakhand's Uttarkashi district. Following tradition, she was given a 'jal samadhi' (water burial), a practice observed in Uttarakhand for unmarried women with no brothers.
The Chief Minister of Uttarakhand, Pushkar Singh Dhami has announced the renaming of Maneri Inter College after Savita. She was posthumously honored with the 2022 Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award by the Government of India.
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75799938
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rut%27s%20voyage
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Rut's voyage
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Rut's voyage was a 1527–1528 English maritime voyage of exploration to Northern America and the West Indies, led by John Rut, and commissioned by Henry VIII. It is thought to have been the earliest English voyage to the West Indies, and to have resulted in the earliest known English letter sent from North America.
Background
In 1525, Giovanni da Verrazzano, fresh off a 'very successful' French-sponsored expedition to North America the year prior, appeared before Henry VIII's court seeking the sovereign's patronage, and presenting him with a map and globe depicting his discoveries, thereby giving the court access to 'one of the earliest, most accurate representations of North America.' The Verrazzano map, depicting an inland sea which the cartographer argued 'presented the shortest route to Cathay [...] had a dramatic impact on England, shaping much of England's cartographic understanding of North America for the next century.' It is this spark which is thought to have shortly prompted Henry VIII to commission, fund, and organise an expedition in search of the promised passage.
In addition to discovering the Northwest Passage, Rut's voyage is thought to have had further aims, as early rumours of the voyage carried news of 'a significant number of soldiers involved,' a superfluous expense had the object been solely to find the said passage.
Preparations for the expedition were well underway by March or April 1527. The 160 tonne, 3 year old Mary Guildford, Rut master, Albert de Prato pilot, and Sampson, Grube master, departed London on 10 May, by then 'well manned and vitayled,' and put out to sea from Plymouth on 10 June.
Voyage
Departure
The ships set off westwards from Plymouth on 10 June, and had fair sailing until 1 July, when they came upon 'a marvailous great storme, and much foule weather,' which resulted in the loss of Sampson.
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75799938
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rut%27s%20voyage
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Rut's voyage
|
In Spain and her colonies, the 'presence of an English ship suddenly in the heart of the Spanish New World created political turmoil,' it seeming an 'obvious violation' yet not (at the time) being explicitly forbidden. Depositions were promptly taken in Santo Domingo and forwarded to Madrid posthaste. On learning of the affair, Charles V chastised the Audiencia of Santo Domingo for having failed to detain the Englishmen 'after they had landed and visited the city, and seen how it lies, and its harbour, inasmuch as they were from a foreign kingdom, and this was a thing not heretofore experienced in those parts,' and further charged them with 'great carelessness and negligence' for having granted the English freedom of movement in Spanish waters. The scandal prompted Spain to forward to her colonies 'clear directives on how to deal with such incursions,' such that when the English returned two decades later, the Audiencia of Santo Domingo 'was able to quote laws to warrant their arrest and laws which clearly allowed for the seizure of their goods.'
Legacy
The identity of the unnamed English ship sighted by Navarro 'has been hotly contested by historians for decades.' FA Kirkpatrick, the first to discuss the Navarro account, argued it was Mary Guildford, as she had returned to England in October 1527, per Hakluyt. Irene Wright, on the other hand, questioned the Hakluyt date of return, instead identifying the mysterious English ship as Mary Guildford. Lydia Towns followed Wright, noting that Hakluyt's account of the voyage 'is sketchy at best,' given he 'only found information [on it] through third hand accounts [...] close to sixty years after the fact, and includes key mistakes.' Like Wright and Towns, and number of historians have also identified the ship in question as Mary Guildford, with David B Quinn noting that the odds 'seem so high that the identification appears fully acceptable.'
| 1.953125
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75800125
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maud%20Jamison
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Maud Jamison
|
Maud Powell Jamison (14 January 1890 – 18 June 1974) was an American suffragist. She joined the National Women's Party in 1916, and organized in support of women's suffrage, which led to multiple arrests and four prison sentences. Along with Alice Paul, the chair of the National Women's Party, Jamison and others picketed in front of the White House to pressure President Woodrow Wilson to support women's suffrage from 1917 to 1919.
Life
She grew up in Norfolk, Virginia. Starting in 1909, she taught in Norfolk public schools. She joined the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia. In 1915, she also joined the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage.
In 1916, she moved to Washington, D.C., to volunteer for the National Women's Party. On June 25, 1917, she was arrested picketing the White House. On August 28, she was arrested, and sentenced to 30 days in the Occoquan Workhouse. On October 6, and October 8, 1917, she was arrested again. In October 1918, she picketed the United States Capitol.
She moved to Topeka, Kansas, where she married John Earl Thomas, on 16 July 1921. In the 1930s, she moved to San Gabriel, California. She died on 18 June 1974, in Los Angeles
| 2.09375
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75801264
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max%20Vityk
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Max Vityk
|
Ukraine (2005-2012)
In 2005 Max Vityk moved back to Ukraine where he lived and worked until 2012. In Ukraine he purchased a lake house with art studio in Zasupoyivka village located 100 km east from capital Kyiv, where several important Ukrainian artists have studios. Since declaring independence in 1991, Ukraine has struggled to develop an identity independent of Russia and the Soviet Union. Artists, writers, musicians and others found the ancient symbols of Ukrainian folk art powerful as metaphors for reclaiming their history. Folklore, embroidery, native song and dance, and regional arts have grown immensely in popularity
In 2007 he had his first solo show entitled “Geology of Painting” at the Da Vinchy gallery in Kyiv. The earlier Vityk’s works show a strong folk Ukrainian influence, most clearly in the small series done in 2011 titled Hutsul, which was painted in Zasupoyivka. Vityk references the Hutsul decorative patterns of embroidery produced in the Carpathian Mountains which are traditionally geometric and brightly colored.
In the series Sin City (2006-2011), Transformers (2010) and Hallucination in Zasupoyivka series (2009-2020) Vityk returns to archaic symbols in a highly urban way, reminiscent of the graffiti along with Vityk’s signature heavy surface textures so suggestive of cave paintings. The works explore the clash of the modern world and that of Ukrainian traditional crafts and legends handed down from generation to generation. The figurative work shares the craggy, cracked surfaces and sense of three-dimensionality that becomes highly abstract over time. In 2009, “Triptych” Kyiv gallery exhibited an extremely exquisite set of minimalistic paintings from “Silver & Black” series painted in Zasupoyivka - Vityk’s personal journey to explore color and texture.
| 2.25
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75801264
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max%20Vityk
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Max Vityk
|
In the Netherlands Vityk started in depth exploring geology based abstract painting. In the “Lava” series (2013-2014), Vityk plunges fully into abstraction as a way to discuss the violent interaction of volcanic forces. Most of the series is formatted vertically with color dripping down like stalactites. In this series he is developing new “outcropping” technique by mixing enamel and sealing foam to make the work highly three dimensional, strikingly effective in expressing movement which paradoxically took place over millions of years. Vityk then adds a color scheme correlating with geologic events, white in particular evoking cycles of ice ages.
In another science-inspired Energy series (2013) Vityk explores solar, wind and renewable bio-energy as well as the oil and gas of his professional study of sedimentary rocks. The Energy series is inspired by the five elements of energy. The strong colors of his monochromes visualize space, transformation, water and air, sun and growth, the basis for our whole universe, from animate to inanimate, from particle to atom. The project Energy has been designed for Shell PLC and was on permanent display at Shell headquarters in The Hague from 2013 until 2020, and from 2021 until present is on display in the headquoters of Naftogas of Ukraine in Kyiv.
Cairo (2015 - 2018)
In 2015 Vityk moved to Cairo, Egypt where he lived and worked until 2018. Geology based abstract paintings The Outcrops - is probably the most important art series painted by Vityk in Egypt.
| 2.046875
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75801304
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puente%20del%20Ej%C3%A9rcito
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Puente del Ejército
|
The Army Bridge () is a tied-arch bridge that crosses Rímac River in the limits of Rímac and San Martín de Porres districts of Lima, Peru. It joins Alfonso Ugarte Avenue to the south with Caquetá Avenue (former Pan-American Highway) to the north. It was inaugurated on December 31, 1936, under then president Óscar R. Benavides, and was later remodelled in the 1950s, under the presidency of Manuel A. Odría.
Located next to the bridge is a velodrome, reopened in 2016.
History
Within the framework of the 400th anniversary of the founding of Lima, it was proposed to build a new bridge, the fourth in the city after the Stone Bridge, the Balta Bridge and the Stick Bridge. It was desired to connect the Cercado de Lima with the then border area between then Carabayllo and Rímac, through then Bolognesi Avenue and the old Pan-American Highway. The original design had a steel structure 60 m long and 13 m wide, manufactured at the Gute Hoffnunghuste plant; the work was awarded to the German firm Ferrostaal-Essen. Its construction was carried out between the Ministry of Public Works, which managed the steel structure, and the Junta Pro Desocupados, which was in charge of the earthworks to reduce the riverbed from 500 to 60 metres. This project occurred during the mayoralty of Luis Gallo Porras.
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75801318
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20Siege%20of%20Tangier
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Great Siege of Tangier
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The Moroccans focused first on isolating and destroying the outer forts protecting the city, digging long trenches between them in order to cut off communications. Fighting was interrupted by a truce from 19 May to 15 September. By this point, most of the forts outside the city had fallen and the terms of the truce prevented the English commanders from attempting any refortification. After replacing Inchiquin, Fairborne wrote frequently to London requesting reinforcements. Major reinforcements were eventually sent to defend the city, including 180 cavalry, 200 Scottish infantry, 600 Irish soldiers, 500 seamen, and another unity of 200 Spanish cavalry. This brought the English forces to a total of over 3000 men.
Hostilities were renewed in September, and skirmishes occurred continuously. The last clash took place on October 27, when the English forces were able to drive out the Moroccan forces and fill in the trenches they had dug. According to the English government, the garrison had suffered a total of 564 casualties, while Moroccan casualties were estimated at about 500.
Aftermath
After the siege, a six-month truce was negotiated, followed by a four-year peace treaty. As the treaty neared its end and the possibility of renewed conflict loomed, the English king, Charles II, decided to evacuate and demolish Tangier in 1684. Various factors motivated this decision, including: the difficulties wrought by the siege, the mounting costs of maintaining the English garrison and of making the port viable, and domestic skepticism in England over the colony's value.
| 2.640625
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75801519
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad%20Nabi%20Raza%20Shah
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Mohammad Nabi Raza Shah
|
Mohammad Nabi Raza Shah (25 July 1867 24 March 1911) alias Dada Miyan was an Indian Sufi saint and Islamic scholar from Bhainsori, Rampur. He belonged to the Barelvi movement of Sunni Islam.
Early life and education
Shah was born in 1867 at Rampur, Uttar Pradesh. He started reading the Holy Quran at the age of 4 and he stayed away from sports since childhood. He focused on the different Islamic sciences.
Life
In the year 1886 Raza Shah joined the army, after which in the year 1896 he became a follower of Sufi saint Shah Mohammad Abdul Hai. He took the oath of allegiance to Shah Mohammad Abdul Hai (also known as Fakhrul Arefin) in the Chishtiya-Qadriyah order.
Personal life
In 1886, Shah married the daughter of Khan Bahadur Khan the district magistrate of Darao village of Nainital district in a grand ceremony.
Urs
Every year, the Urs of Nabi Raza Shah is celebrated on 24th of Rabiul Awal. People of every religion participate in this Urs. Samajwadi Party's leader Shivpal Singh Yadav also participated in the Urs held in the year 2023.
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75802363
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Cawood%20%28hymnwriter%29
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John Cawood (hymnwriter)
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John Cawood (1775-1852) was an English clergyman, known as a writer of hymns.
Life
He was born on 18 March 1775 in Matlock, Derbyshire, the son of Thomas Cawood, a farmer. At the age of eighteen, he entered the employment of one Rev. Carsham, at Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire. This position led him to prepare for a career in the ministry, and to further his knowledge he studied with Rev. Edward Spencer, rector of Wingfield, Wiltshire. He gained entrance to St Edmund Hall, Oxford in 1797, obtaining his B.A. in 1801, and M.A. in 1807. He was taught by Rev. Isaac Crouch, and was ordained on 21 December 1800. He held the curacies of Ribbesford and Dowles under Rev. William Jesse, who presented Cawood with the perpetual curacy of St. Anne's Bewdley in 1814.
He founded a Sunday School in Bewdley and started a mission in Far Forest, which led to the building of Holy Trinity Church there in 1844. In addition to his parochial work, he was a master at Bewdley Grammar School; among his pupils may be counted Edward Feild, John Medley, Hugh Stowell, and John George Breay.
Cawood died at Bewdley on 7 November 1852, and was buried in the graveyard of the no longer extant St Andrew's Church, Dowles. His two marriages produced five children: two daughters died in infancy; his youngest child and only son, also John Cawood (1822-1894), was vicar of Pensax, and rector of Bayton and Mamble.
Works
Cawood's publications include a pamphlet entitled The Church of England and Dissent (1831), and Sermons (1842). His hymns, given variously as numbering between thirteen and twenty, were rarely published with his name attached during his lifetime. Nine of them appeared in the eighth edition of Thomas Cotterill's Selection of Psalms and Hymns (1819), including the favourite "Hark! what mean those holy voices". A few were also included in the Lyra Britannica (1867).
The list below is not complete.
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75802429
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portrait%20of%20Marshal%20Bl%C3%BCcher
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Portrait of Marshal Blücher
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The Portrait of Marshal Blücher is an 1814 portrait painting by the English artist Thomas Lawrence of the Prussian Field Marshal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher.
Blücher was a noted military commander who had played a key role in the 1813-14 defeat of Napoleon's French Empire by a coalition of Allies including Britain, Prussia, Russia and Austria, culminating in the capture of Paris in April 1814. It was painted while Blücher was in London for the Allied sovereigns' visit to England, victory celebrations attended by the leaders of the allied nations including Blücher's monarch Frederick William III. Blücher was popular with the British public during his visit and in the euphoria that followed the victory he was frequently mobbed in the streets of the city. The following year he gained further success when he joined forces with the Duke of Wellington in the Waterloo Campaign to inflict the final defeat of Napoleon, who had escaped from Elba.
The work was commissioned by the Prince Regent for four hundred guineas. Blücher is shown against a warlike background in his field marshal's uniform, wearing a miniature of the Regent, the Prussian Iron Cross and Order of the Black Eagle, the Austrian Order of Maria Theresa and the Russian Cross of St. George, decorations of the four major allies who defeated Napoleon. In the background a Uhlan mounts his horse.
| 2.421875
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75802482
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily%20Steel%20%28weightlifter%29
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Emily Steel (weightlifter)
|
Emily Steel (born 18 February 2003) is an English weightlifter who broke the British U23 record in the clean and jerk in 2023. She also has the role "Dynamite" on British TV endurance sports game show Gladiators.
Early life and education
Born in 2003, Emily Steel grew up in the Altrincham and Hale areas of Greater Manchester. She was a competitive swimmer in her youth, and competed nationally. She attended Cheadle Hulme School. In 2020, she became the CrossFit European champion in her age category. Steel went on to study sport and exercise science at Loughborough University, graduating with a Bachelor of Science (BSc) in 2024.
Career
As a weightlifter, she held the under-20 64 kg snatch record at the British age group weight lifting championships. Competing at the 2023 BUCS Weightlifting and Para Powerlifting Championships in Bangor in April 2023, Steel won gold and broke the British U23 record in the women's 64 kg clean and jerk, when she lifted 71 kg in the snatch and 100 kg in the clean and jerk, giving her a total of 171 kg.
Steel performs as Dynamite on the British TV endurance sports game show Gladiators shown on BBC One from January 2024. She's formed to be one of the most formiddable female Gladiators to face in the show, and her favourite event include Collision and Duel. At years-of-age she is the youngest Gladiator competing on the re-booted series, and had not been born when the original British version of the show was broadcast.
Personal life
At just 5 ft 5 in tall, Steel is also a full-time CrossFit athlete.
| 2.140625
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75802526
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakkun
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Sakkun
|
Sakkun () was a Phoenician god. He is known chiefly from theophoric names such as Sanchuniathon ( sknytn) and Gisgo ( grskn). As of 1940, his earliest appearance in epigraphical evidence is from the 5th century BC.
There is a consensus that the vocalisation of Phoenician (skn) is *Sakkun, that Sakkun is the "administrator" or "superintendent" and that he was identified with Greek Hermes. Albert Baumgartner doubts the arguments: He claims that *Sakun, *Sakkon and *Sakon are likely vocalisations as well, based on comparisons to the Masoretic Niqqud of the Greek name ʾkyš, ancient Latin transliterations of the name (CIL VIII 698, 5099) and Eusebius' variations; He argues that the etymological foundation of a connection between the god skn and the Canaanite noun skn (reconstructed vocalisation *sākinu, after the Canaanite shift *sōkinu) is weak; and he claims that the two evidence that establish the identification with Hermes – the Homeric epithet (Sōkos) for Hermes in the Iliad (20, 72) and a Phoenician inscription dedicating an altar to Sakkun (KAI 58) found in Piraeus near one altar dedicated to Hermes and another one to Zeus Soter (and were suggested to be together read as a bilingual inscription) – are both wrong: the epithet is probably derived from the verb , and there is no reason to read the inscriptions as one. Philo of Byblos, whose Interpretatio graeca to Phoenician gods is reliable, identifies Hermes with Taautos (= Thoth).
| 2.09375
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75802609
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llancaiach%20railway%20station
|
Llancaiach railway station
|
Llancaiach railway station was originally opened by the Newport, Abergavenny and Hereford Railway on the Taff Vale Extension which later amalgamated with the Great Western Railway between Pontypool and Quakers Yard. The station served the village of Nelson and the hamlet of Llancaiach in the county borough of Caerphilly from 1858 to 1912, when a more modern station was built.
History
Llancaiach started off as nothing more than fields and possibly Roman settlements along with Llancaiach Fawr, the Tudor Manor house once owned by the Prichard Family and visited by Charles I of England. A branch line of the former Taff Vale Railway was built from a junction between Pontypridd and Abercynon that climbed a 1 in 8 gradient using an incline plane, it used gravity to haul loaded wagons down and empty wagons up to connect the nearby village of Nelson, Caerphilly and the Llancaiach Colliery and later to Gelligaer Colliery and Tophill Colliery.
When the Taff Vale Extension opened in 1858 by the Newport, Abergavenny and Hereford Railway connecting Pontypool and Quakers Yard with the Vale of Neath Railway and the Taff Vale Railway, Llancaiach Railway Station was opened to serve the nearby farms and villages along with Nelson, Caerphilly and Llancaiach Fawr along with adjacent farms. On January 10th 1876, the Taff Bargoed Line was opened by the Rhymney Railway to connect with the Taff Vale Extension and the Taff Vale Railway at Nelson, Llancaiach Railway Station would see more service with goods and passenger trains between Dowlais, Quakers Yard and Pontypool along with Nelson on the Taff Vale.
| 2.078125
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75803121
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death%20of%20Jon%20Egging
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Death of Jon Egging
|
In 2000, Egging joined the Royal Air Force. He flew the Tucano and Hawk aircraft after being selected for fast jet training, training at RAF Cranwell, Lincolnshire, in 2001. From RAF Cranwell, Egging was then posted to RAF Linton, Yorkshire and from there on to RAF Valley, North Wales, becoming a qualified flying instructor on the Hawk aircraft, teaching both students and instructors. Flying the Harrier GR9, Egging served with IV (AC) Squadron, known as 'Happy IV', based at Royal Air Force Cottesmore in Rutland in the East Midlands.
On operational duty, Egging flew operational missions in Afghanistan, supporting coalition forces on the ground. He completed exercises in the United Kingdom and the United States, including serving with his squadron on HMS Illustrious, as part of Joint Force Harrier. Here, he flew training missions off the coastline of the United Kingdom. During his last year on his squadron, Egging became a qualified flying instructor, moving to Royal Air Force Wittering to transition to teaching on the Harrier Operational Conversion Unit, in April 2010.
In Autumn 2010, Egging joined the Red Arrows aerobatics display team, as Red 4, with this position 'an accolade in itself', due to it being 'the most demanding position allocated to a first year pilot', due to Red 4 flying on the right hand side of the famous 'Diamond Nine' formation. Egging's 'professionalism, skill and humility' were noted throughout his training and displays with the team. Throughout his RAF career, Egging had been assessed as ‘high/above average’. He was described as having an ‘excellent record of service’.
| 1.984375
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75803121
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death%20of%20Jon%20Egging
|
Death of Jon Egging
|
Accident
Following the display, the aircraft were given clearance by Air Traffic Control (ATC) and began returning to Bournemouth International Airport. Initially, Red 1, Sqn Ldr Ben Murphy, flying tail number XX177, had planned to ask the other pilots to perform a 'loop' into the landing, rather than a 'flat break'. However, aircraft involved in the Battle of Britain Memorial Flight had taxied and to avoid the historic aircraft overheating, had a latest take off time. Sqn Ldr Murphy therefore changed his plans, deciding on a flat break instead. Sqn Ldr Murphy later stated that if possible and appropriate, he will provide an advisory call (known as a ‘hot call’) to the pilots to advise them they are '20 or so knots' over the target speed prior to going into the break. However, he didn't have time to make the call, but later stated there was nothing to make him realise the pilots had got ‘slightly above the target speed’.
The pilots used a 'break' to gather their aircraft into position prior to landing, with Red 1, called for a 'flat break'. This break resulted in the highest g-force and for the longest amount of time of the flight - the pilots would have pulled 6.3g. Egging, in Red 4, appeared to roll the aircraft normally, apexing at the correct height of 500 ft. However, he progressively over-banked and began descending towards the ground. It is believed that around this time, Egging suffered the effects A-LOC (Almost Loss of Consciousness), where a person with partial consciousness still has strength to control the stick of an aircraft, but is impaired cognitively and functionally to do so. Red 2 (tail number XX266) was immediately behind Egging's aircraft and radioed a warning of ‘4 check height’. It is believed that Egging may have regained full consciousness at this stage, with Egging's aircraft pulling up slightly. Red 2 gave radioed the same warning, however, it was too late for Egging to avoid a crash and at approximately 1350 BST, Egging's aircraft crashed into a field at Throop.
| 2.15625
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75803256
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevilleiella
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Nevilleiella
|
Chemically, Nevilleiella is defined by the presence of several secondary metabolites (lichen products). Parietin is the major chemical present, with fallacinal as a somewhat major or minor component. It also contains parietinic acid and teloschistin, which are present in minor or trace amounts.
The genus Iqbalia, proposed in 2022 for the Pakistani species Iqbalia kashmirensis, shares similarities with Nevilleiella but can be distinguished by several key differences. Unlike Nevilleiella, Iqbalia features discrete, non-aggregated areoles and lacks schizidia-like formations. Its ascospores have a wide septum when observed in water. Additionally, Iqbalia contains variolaric acid and forms a distinct, strong monophyletic branch within the subfamily Teloschistoideae.
Habitat and distribution
Nevilleiella lichens typically develop as crusty layer on clayey soil in salt-rich environments, as well as in open spaces or mallee regions. It is also found on siliceous rocks along coastlines, as well as in rough pastures, heathlands, and dry sclerophyll forests across the Australian continent.
Species
Nevilleiella lateritia
Nevilleiella marchantii
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75803531
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hometown%20Village
|
Hometown Village
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Points of dissatisfaction
While many returnees are grateful for the opportunity they were given to return and receive these services, there are still some points of dissatisfaction. Many residents only speak Russian or speak dialects that are not easily understood by modern South Koreans, which has led to difficulty with integration. Some find the experience bittersweet, knowing that by the time the repatriation occurred (beginning around 50 years after Korea was liberated in 1945), many first-generation Sakhalin Koreans had died without ever seeing their homeland again.
The separation between residents and those who remain back in Sakhalin has caused emotional stress, which was intensified by travel restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Some older residents live alone, which has led to feelings of isolation. While relatives can fly to South Korea to visit, this process is considered too expensive to afford to do frequently. , South Korea only allows one direct descendant and their nuclear family to move to South Korea, which has led to separated families. Furthermore, descendants who return in this manner are not allowed to work, as they receive a pension from the government. This has also been a point of contention.
| 2.25
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75803680
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph-Laurent%20Malaine
|
Joseph-Laurent Malaine
|
The Prado Museum's website describes him as "A modest painter whose works are few and far between, his compositions are characterized by an elegance and simplicity far removed from the spectacular style that prevailed at the time. His two paintings of vases in the Prado Museum are a good example of his meticulous, detailed style. His work is particularly interested in the realistic, tangible effect of different textures and motifs, whether flowers, vases or insects. Through the study of light on different qualities, he succeeds in creating a sense of volume that reinforces the realism of his paintings.".
At the time of his death, we know that his son Louis Alphonse Joseph Malaine (Paris 1782-Mulhouse 1858 - his wife was from Thann) was a draftsman at the Gobelins. He "then made a career in Mulhouse where he became a specialist in paisley".
Malaine signed his paintings "Louis Malaine", "L Malaine", or with a monogram, "LJM" or "LM". In written sources, he is often referred to as "Malaine père", while "Malaine fils" is his son, Alphonse (Paris, June 16, 1782 - October 11, 1858, Mulhouse).
One of Malaine's pupils was Jacques Barraband, who became a painter in the "flower class" of the Lyon School of Drawing in 1807.
| 2.109375
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75803792
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevilleiella%20marchantii
|
Nevilleiella marchantii
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Nevilleiella marchantii is a species of terricolous (ground-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in Australia, it was formally described as a new species in 2007. The thallus of Nevilleiella marchantii spreads 1–3 cm wide, with distinctive, almost spherical, -like formations that give it an appearance resembling a bunch of grapes. These formations vary in shape and colour from yellow-brown to orange-brown.
Taxonomy
Sergey Kondratyuk and Ingvar Kärnefelt formally described this lichen as a new species in 2007; they initially classified it in the genus Caloplaca. The type specimen was gathered in January 2004, approximately 5 km away from the town of Lake King, situated on the eastern fringe of a lake with the same name in Western Australia. It was found growing in a chenopod heath habitat, situated on clay and sandy soil. The species epithet honours Western Australian botanist Neville Graeme Marchant, who assisted the authors during their field research. In 2017, Kondratyuk and Jae-Seoun Hur transferred the taxon to the newly circumscribed genus Nevilleiella, in which it is the type species.
Description
Nevilleiella marchantii typically forms a thallus that spreads 1–3 cm wide. Characteristic is the presence of almost spherical, -like formations, each measuring approximately 0.1–0.35 mm in diameter and rising to about 0.25 mm in height. These formations can appear as individual or cluster together in (scale)-like groups, creating a 'bunch of grapes' appearance. The areoles themselves are highly varied in form, ranging from convex and warty to spherical, and are coloured yellow-brown to orange-brown, occasionally with a whitish .
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75803792
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevilleiella%20marchantii
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Nevilleiella marchantii
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The of these areoles is typically up to 15 μm thick, composed of palisade cells. Below this, there is often a necrotic layer (made of dead cells) around 5 μm thick. Apothecia (fruiting bodies), which are relatively rare in this species, measure 0.4–0.7 mm in diameter. They initially emerge within single areoles and later develop a and a concave , which becomes flatter as the apothecia mature. The cortex of the is made up of cells, measuring 7–12 by 2–5 μm in size. The , in contrast, is thicker at the uppermost lateral portion and thinner towards the base.
The hymenium (the fertile, spore-bearing layer) of Nevilleiella marchantii can reach heights of 60–75 μm and is often characterised by golden-coloured asci and . Its paraphyses are richly branched, with the uppermost cells slightly swollen. The , containing visible oil droplets, supports the structure. The ascospores have a thickening near the septum, which is more visible under certain staining conditions. The conidiomata of this lichen are found in thalline warts with darkish reddish-orange tips.
Chemically, the thallus and apothecia of Nevilleiella marchantii are K+ (red), while its reacts K+ (violet). This species contains parietin as its major secondary metabolite (lichen product), along with other compounds such as fallacinal, parietinic acid, and teloschistin in varying concentrations.
Habitat and distribution
Nevilleiella marchantii is primarily found forming crusts on clay soil within salt-affected areas. This species typically grows in open spaces or in mallee regions. It frequently coexists with a variety of other crustose lichens, and in some cases, even fragments of other lichens, such as Xanthoparmelia species and brown Cladia, can be found intermingled with its thallus. Nevilleiella marchantii has been recorded from various dispersed locations across Western Australia, New South Wales, and Victoria.
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75803858
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zerviah%20Gould%20Mitchell
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Zerviah Gould Mitchell
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Zerviah Gould Mitchell (July 24, 1807 – March 5, 1898) was a Wampanoag educator, basket weaver, and direct descendant of the sachem Massasoit. In 1878, she published Indian History, Biography and Genealogy: Pertaining to the Good Sachem Massasoit of the Wampanoag Tribe, and His Descendants with historian Ebenezer W. Peirce, and the book included a narration of the life of Massasoit, as well as a genealogy of Massasoit's descendants.
Early life and heritage
Mitchell was born in North Abington, Massachusetts, to Brister Gould (1759–1823) and Phebe Squinn (1770–1839). Her maternal grandmother, Lydia Tuspaquin (c. 1740–1812), was the great-great-granddaughter of Massasoit, sachem of the Wampanoag Native American people during the 17th century. Mitchell's mother was full-blooded Wampanoag, while her father was African American and had been born into slavery in Abington. Slavery was effectively abolished in Massachusetts in 1783, and Gould was subsequently manumitted.
Marriage and children
In 1824, she married Thomas C. Mitchell (1795–1859), a merchant sailor of African-American descent. Some sources claim that Thomas Mitchell was half Cherokee, although this would be unlikely given their location. The couple had eleven children: Jane (1827–1840), Zerviah (1828–1923), Levinia (1830–1841), Delores (1834–1875), Melinda (1836–1919), Thomas (1838–1859), John (1841–1870), Lydia (1843–?), Emma (1846–1932), Charlotte (1848–1930), and Alonzo (1850–1921). Five of Mitchell's children survived her.
Mitchell was well educated and worked as a teacher at a private school in Boston while her husband would spend prolonged periods of time overseas. She was also the first person of African-American descent to apply to Wheaton College, though she was turned down.
Later life
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75804033
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myriopteris%20cinnamomea
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Myriopteris cinnamomea
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Myriopteris cinnamomea is a Central American fern. It is very similar to M. mickelii of southern Mexico and to other species in the "alabamensis clade" of Myriopteris. It is modestly sized, with leaves not more than long. They are divided into pinnae, which in turn are divided into lobed pinnules, and covered with pale brown hairs on the underside.
Description
The rhizome is short and upright. It is covered with subulate scales about long, which are attenuate and terminate in a hairlike tip. They are a shiny deep brown in color, somewhat hardened in texture, with a very narrow border of pale, thin tissue at the entire margins.
The fronds arise from the rhizome in clumps, and are in length when mature. The stipe (the stalk of the leaf, below the blade) is half the total length of the frond, or less. It is rounded (without a groove) and covered with pale to dark brown hairs or narrow, linear scales, which may be entire or have a few teeth.
The leaf blades are lanceolate to ovate in shape, measuring long and wide. The blade is usually bipinnate-pinnatifid (cut into pinnae and lobed pinnules). The upper surface of the leaf is nearly hairless, while the under surface has a loose covering of long, weak, brownish hairs, which are pinnately branched at their bases. Leaves typically have from 8 to 9 pairs of pinnae, which are lanceolate to oblong with rounded apices. They are typically wide. The frond tapers only slightly at the base, if at all, with the lowest pair of pinnae not significantly reduced compared to those above it. The pinnae, in turn, are divided into about 5 to 7 pairs of pinnules. They are deltoid-ovate, with a very blunt apex, and asymmetrical at their base, with the distal side (towards the pinna tip) much wider than the other. The leaf veins fork once or twice before reaching the margin and are not enlarged at the ends.
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75804685
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian%20Americans%20for%20Indigenous%20Peoples%20Day
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Italian Americans for Indigenous Peoples Day
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Italian Americans for Indigenous Peoples Day is a progressive Italian-American organization based in Massachusetts that supports replacing Columbus Day with Indigenous Peoples' Day.
History
Italian Americans for Indigenous Peoples Day was founded in 2016 by Danielle DeLuca, Heather Lavelle, and three other Italian Americans. DeLuca opposes celebrating both Columbus Day and Indigenous Peoples Day on the same day, saying that it is inappropriate to celebrate "a perpetrator of genocide and victims of genocide on the same day". Lavelle has stated that while she acknowledges the discrimination Italian Americans have historically faced, she believes that anti-Italian prejudice has greatly diminished to the point where "our culture is celebrated" by the American mainstream. Lavelle said that the Italian-American experience is "not unique" for immigrants to the United States. Lavelle has called for Italian-American heritage to be celebrated on another day, saying that Italian-Americans "enjoy a level of status and recognition in society that native people do not and we should prioritize their feelings on this."
In November, 2021, Boston Mayor Kim Janey signed an executive order recognizing Indigenous Peoples Day. Italian Americans for Indigenous Peoples Day celebrated the city's recognition and called for the Massachusetts General Court to pass H.3191/S.2027, ‘An Act Establishing Indigenous Peoples Day’, which would recognize Indigenous Peoples Day statewide.
On October 9, 2023, the organization attended an Indigenous Peoples Day celebration at Boston's Museum of Fine Arts.
| 2.75
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75804738
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ata%C3%ADde%20family
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Ataíde family
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Participants in the Portuguese maritime expansion
Among the grandchildren of the 1st Count of Atouguia, the famous governor of Portuguese India, Afonso de Albuquerque, stood out. Another grandson who played an important role in the political history of Portugal and its colony of Brazil in the first half of the 16th century was D. António de Ataíde, the 1st Count of Castanheira, a childhood friend and protégé of King João III. Two other of the 1st Count of Atouguia's grandchildren, but in an illegitimate line of descent, were the navigators Vasco de Ataíde and Pêro de Ataíde, captains in the 2nd India armada in which Pedro Álvares Cabral discovered Brazil.
Also at the beginning of the 16th century, a descendant of another branch of the Ataíde family, Nuno Fernandes de Ataíde, was a notable military commander in Morocco. He daringly led an attack on the city of Marrakesh in 1515, an action that historian A. R. Disney considers to have been “the high point of Portuguese expansion" in Morocco. And Nuno Fernandes' sister, Dona Catarina de Ataíde, was the wife of the explorer Vasco da Gama.
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75804809
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sch%C3%B6nberg%20Cave%20System
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Schönberg Cave System
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The Schönberg cave system in the Dead Mountains is with a currently known length of over 155.018 m the longest cave in Austria. It got its name after the connection of the approximately 33 km long Feuertal-Höhlensystem with the approximately 86 km long Raucherkarhöhle was discovered. The overlying Schönberg-Höhlensystem (2093 m) gave the system its name.
The widely branched cave with 35 entrances is located at Bad Ischl in the border area between Upper Austria and Styria. The area around the Schönberg cave system is researched, measured and mapped by the Landesverein für Höhlenkunde Oberösterreich. The Schönberg cave system is located at place 14 on the list of the longest caves in the world. Within Europe there are longer systems on the territory of Ukraine (Optymistychna Cave), Switzerland (Hölloch, Siebenhengste-Hohgant-Höhle) and Spain's (Sistema del Alto). It is the 14th longest cave system in the world.
Site
The Schönberg cave system is located in the area of the Schönberg () in the western Toten Gebirge. The summits of the Vorderen () and Hinteren Raucher () are the main peaks above the southern part (Raucherkarhöhle). Most entrances are located on the smoking plateau west of the smoking summit or in the smoking car north of it, which also gives its name to the cave. The central parts are located below the summit of the Schönberg. The northernmost foothills underlay the Feuertal and extend to the Hanging Kogel (), under which the end hall ("Another Day In Paradise") is also located.
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75805689
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wender%20Utah%20Rating%20Scale
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Wender Utah Rating Scale
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The Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) is a psychological assessment tool used to help diagnose attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. It is a self-report questionnaire that asks individuals to retrospectively recall and rate the frequency and severity of symptoms they experienced during childhood that are characteristic of ADHD. The assessment was released in 1993 after being developed by Paul H. Wender and his colleagues at the University of Utah School of Medicine.
Versions
The WURS exists in two main versions:
WURS-61: The original 61-item version, which covers a wider range of symptoms and potential confounding factors.
WURS-25: A shorter 25-item version designed for increased efficiency and ease of administration.
Scoring
The Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) scores the same set of 25 questions in both the abbreviated version (WURS-25) and the extended version (WURS-61), which includes an additional 36 unscored questions. Respondents rate each question on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 0 points ("not at all or very slightly") to 4 points ("very much"). The cumulative score spans from 0 to 100. A cutoff score of 36 or higher was able to accurately identify 96% of adults with ADHD and 96% of adults without ADHD. When the cutoff score was raised to 46 or higher, the assessment was able to accurately identify 86% of adults with ADHD and 99% of adults without ADHD.
| 2.140625
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75806454
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ukrainian%20conflict%20%281939%E2%80%931947%29
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Polish–Ukrainian conflict (1939–1947)
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The Polish–Ukrainian conflict was a series of armed clashes between the Ukrainian guerrillas and Polish underground armed units during and after World War II, namely between 1939 and 1945, whose direct continuation was the struggle of the Ukrainian underground against the Polish People’s Army until 1947, with periodic participation of the Soviet partisan units and even the regular Red Army, as well as the Romanian, Hungarian, German and Czechoslovak armed formations. The fighting initially took place in the south-east areas of the Second Polish Republic occupied by the Third Reich and later in the Rzeszów Voivodeship, south-east parts of the Lublin Voivodeship of the Polish People’s Republic and in the west areas of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. There was also sporadic activity in the Romanian-occupied territories.
In the context of the occupation of the Second Polish Republic by the Third Reich, Slovak Republic and Soviet Union in September 1939, that happened only 20 years after the defeat of the West Ukrainian People's Republic in the Polish–Ukrainian War, politically active Ukrainians wanted to create a new state to include East Galicia and Volhynia, while politically active Poles wanted to restore Poland within its borders 1939. The main clashes began after the Third Reich had started to retreat on the Eastern Front in the beginning of 1943, as many already believed it was going to lose the war.
Background
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75806454
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ukrainian%20conflict%20%281939%E2%80%931947%29
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Polish–Ukrainian conflict (1939–1947)
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September 1939
Just before Germany invaded Poland, Germany established contacts with the OUN, which had been abandoned in the mid-1930s. The result of this cooperation was the establishment of the so-called Ukrainian Legion in 1938. This unit was to be transported to Galicia, to the rear of the Polish army, in order to spark an anti-Polish uprising. This plan lost its relevance after the signing of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact on August 24, 1939. However, after the German army reached the outskirts of Lviv on September 12, 1939, an anti-Polish action was launched by Ukrainian militias affiliated with the OUN. Polish services, including soldiers, were attacked, and Stryi was briefly occupied. However, a swift Polish counteraction prevented the action from spreading. Similar action was taken by communist-linked militias after September 17, the Soviet invasion of Poland, throughout the Eastern Borderlands, particularly in Polesie and Volhynia. Ukrainian nationalists took up the fight again, often collaborating with the Soviets. Polish manors in particular were attacked, and landowners were killed. Particularly bloody were the actions of the "Bey" unit in Brzeżany and Podhajce counties, which carried out massacres of a number of villages: Koniuchy, Potutorów, Sławentyn, Jakubowce and others, claiming lives of couple hundreds Poles. Where the Polish army could, it fought the militia, often taking brutal revenge, burning villages from which shots were fired and killing people caught with weapons.
Several thousand militiamen took part in actions against Poland in September 1939, killing at least 2,000 people in Eastern Gallicia and about a thousand in Volhynia. Polish counteractions claimed several hundred casualties. At the same time, about 110,000 Ukrainians served in the Polish army, of whom 7-8,000 lost their lives in the fight against the Germans.
Conflict in the Hrubieszów, Tomaszów and Lubaczów counties in 1943
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75806454
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ukrainian%20conflict%20%281939%E2%80%931947%29
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Polish–Ukrainian conflict (1939–1947)
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On March 25, 1945, in the early morning hours, a UPA unit arrived in Kryłów . The UPA took over the village and set up posts on its outskirts. The remaining group of nationalists in Soviet Army uniforms approached the Citizens' Militia Post and broke into the building by surprise, taking over the building. The Ukrainians recognized Maj. Stanisław Basaj, alias "Ryś", the commander of the Peasant Battalions during World War II, who was found and detained in one of the houses in Kryłów. He was placed in the corner of the room, his coat and shoes were taken away, and then he was abused. The perpetrators also undressed the 17 MO officers lying on the floor and tied up, and then shot them all. Ukrainian nationalists also murdered 28 civilian residents of Kryłów.
On September 17, 1945, Maryan Lukasevich perpetrator of the Kryłów Massacre was burned alive by the Polish police in his shelter in Żniatyn.
Outcome of the conflict in 1945
Jan Pisuliński writes that as a result of the Polish-Ukrainian conflict in 1945 in the Przemyśl and Dobromil regions 1,000 Ukrainians were killed by the National Armed Forces and the Home Army, while Polish losses are unknown.
Rivalry at the end of the conflict in 1945–1947
In view of Germany's defeat in World War II, the Ukrainian Insurgent Army and the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists could not count on any outside support.
| 2.359375
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75808298
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcela%20P%C3%A9rez%20de%20Cu%C3%A9llar
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Marcela Pérez de Cuéllar
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Early life, education, and family
Marcela Magdalena Augusta Temple Seminario was born on 14 August 1933 in Piura, Peru, to María Magdalena (née Seminario) and Alberto Ricardo Temple. Her father owned a cotton mill and grew cotton in the northern part of Peru. He encouraged his seven children to travel and expand their education. All of them except Marcela chose to study abroad. She attended convent school and then moved to Lima to study English. Although Spanish was her native language, she also spoke French fluently. On 13 September 1952, she married in Piura, who died in an airplane crash one month later. She later married , with whom she had five children: Marcela, Ricardo, Claudia, Juan Esteban, and Gonzalo Ganoza Temple. He was a lawyer, entrepreneur, and philanthropist, who was intent on preserving marinera, as the national dance of Peru by starting the . Strongly aware of the privilege her family had enjoyed, Temple de Ganoza tried to raise her children with an awareness of the need to care for the poor. In 1965, she sponsored two boys and a girl, paying for their education and material needs. She and Ganoza divorced in the 1970s, and in 1975, she married Javier Pérez de Cuéllar. Javier was a Peruvian lawyer and diplomat, having served in France, Britain, Bolivia, Brazil, Switzerland, the Soviet Union, Poland, and Venezuela. In France, he met and married Yvette Roberts, with whom he had two children, before divorcing. In 1971, he became the permanent representative for Peru to the United Nations. In 1976, Javier's work took them to Cyprus and the couple were then in the Soviet Union and Afghanistan until 1981, when they returned to Peru, in expectation of being posted to Brazil.
Career
First lady of the United Nations (1982–1991)
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75808471
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pooja%20Jatyan
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Pooja Jatyan
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Pooja Jatyan (born 1998) is a para archer from Haryana. She is the first para athlete from India to take part in an Olympic Archery event at the Rio Paralympics 2016. She took part in the recurve women's open competition and qualified for the Rio event at the final world qualifier in the Czech Republic in 2016. She qualified to represent India at the 2024 Summer Paralympics in Paris, France, her second Olympics.
Early life
Jatyan is born in Gurugram but shifted to Rohtak, Haryana after her marriage. She suffered polio in her childhood at the age of five which left impairment in her left leg. She did her pos-graduate studies in Library Sciences from Baba Mastnath University. She trains at Rajiv Gandhi stadium, in Rohtak. She is the oldest of four siblings.
Career
Jatyan was the first Indian archer to win an individual medal at the Para World Championships. She won a silver medal at the World Archery Para Championships at the Dubai in May 2022. She made her international debut at the 2018 Asian Para Games where she missed a bronze medal. Later, she took part in the 2019 World Championships but failed to progress beyond Round 2.
| 2.15625
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75809149
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myriopteris%20mickelii
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Myriopteris mickelii
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The leaf blades range in shape from lanceolate to elliptic or oblong, slightly narrowed at the base with the lowest pinnae a little smaller than those above and gradually tapering at the apex. When mature, they are long and wide, with a somewhat thickened leaf texture. The blade is usually bipinnate-pinnatifid (cut into pinnae and lobed pinnules) but may range from bipinnate to tripinnate. The upper surface of the blade is dark green, moderately to sparsely hairy with unbranched, hair-like, light brown scales similar to those found on the leaf axes. The lower surface is light green and has a denser covering of hair-like scales about long, although not to the extent of obscuring the leaf tissue.
Leaves typically have from 9 to 15 pairs of pinnae, which are lanceolate in shape, the lower one or two pairs being somewhat shorter than those above. The pinnae in the middle of the leaf are long and wide, cut into 5 to 8 pairs of pinnules. The terminal segment of the pinnule is longer than the rest. The pinnules are long and wide and vary in shape from ovate to oblong, usually with a short stalk attaching them to the costa (pinna axis). They may have an enlarged lobe on the side of the pinnule towards the rachis. Depending on the degree of division in an individual leaf, the pinnules may be almost undivided, pinnatifid, or pinnately cut into pinnulets.
The leaf margin is somewhat modified into a false indusium over the marginal sori. The leaf tissue at the margins is somewhat lighter or more translucent than the rest of the leaf, and is initially folded back over the sori to some extent, but it straightens and becomes more spreading as the leaf matures. The false indusia are continuous on each leaf segment or lobe, rather than subdivided, and are about wide. Individual sporangia contain 64 spores, typical of sexually reproducing species within the genus. The spores are tan in color, trilete, with a wrinkled perispore, measuring 33.0–39.0 μm in diameter.
| 2.53125
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75809809
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active%20flow%20network
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Active flow network
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Properties of active flow networks inside the endoplasmic reticulum
Active flow networks inside the endoplasmic reticulum are represented by a graph (G,N), with N nodes connected by junctions. Two time scales leads to two opposite properties, as edge can switch at random time from one direction only to the opposite one: 1- time for an edge to switch from direction to the opposite and 2-the time to move from one edge to the next one. This leads to two phenomena:
Trapping a particle was already in the node and one edge switches an even number of times between the instant of transitions, or the particle was previously in the node and had switched to a neighbouring node before returning to the considered node.
Backtracking a particle can jump back to the node it came from, thus wasting time by visiting again the previous node. However, in the network, this probability is affected by the direction of the edge.
Under these two effects (trapping and backtracking), the network exploration is slower when compared to a unidirectional network, where such situation does not occur. AFN models can be used to intert data extracted by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, single particle trajectories or photoactivation.
| 1.96875
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75810693
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephraim%20Gottlieb%20Kr%C3%BCger
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Ephraim Gottlieb Krüger
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Ephraim Gottlieb Krüger (20 July 1756 - 9 January 1834) was an engraver from the Electorate (late Kingdom) of Saxony in Germany who was also notable as a professor at the Dresdner Kunstakademie.
Life
He was born in Dresden to a family which had produced artists since the 18th century. When he was eleven, he began his training at the Dresdner Kunstakademie, which had been founded a few years earlier. The first director of the Kunstakademie, Charles Hutin, taught him drawing, as did the Italian painter and draftsman Giovanni Battista Casanova, co-founder and director of the Kunstakademie from 1776, and Johann Eleazar Zeissig, known as Schenau. He learned engraving from the Italian Giuseppe Camerata (1718–1803), miniaturist and engraver for the Saxon court, then a professor at the Kunstakademie. His talent earned him an academic pension in 1789 and then became an associate member (1803) and associate professor (1815) of the Dresdner Akademie. He was also a member of Zum goldenen Apfel, a Masonic lodge in Dresden.
| 2.421875
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75810833
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint%20Bernard%20and%20the%20Virgin%20%28Cano%29
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Saint Bernard and the Virgin (Cano)
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Saint Bernard and the Virgin is an oil on canvas painting by Spanish artist Alonso Cano, dated between 1645 and 1652, now held in the Museo del Prado in Madrid.
Cano probably painted Saint Bernard and the Virgin during one of his stays at the Spanish royal court, after which it was used as an altarpiece by the Capuchins at Toledo. The scene depicts the traditional Lactatio Bernardi miracle, in which Bernard of Clairvaux was given a stream of milk by the Virgin Mary as a reward for his theological work. A cardinal can be seen praying in the bottom-left corner. Unlike other versions of the scene, Bernard does not receive the milk from a personal Marian apparition but from a statue.
The work was owned by Infante Sebastián Gabriel de Borbón until 1835. It passed to the Trinidad Museum between 1835 and 1861, after what it returned to its previous owner. It belonged to Alfonso de Borbón y Borbón from 1887 to his death year 1934, and was then held by the 2nd Duke of Ansola until 1942. The 1st Duke of Hernani possessed it until 1964; and it was finally bought from Manuel González by the Prado Museum in 1968.
| 2.296875
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75811089
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024%20Copa%20S%C3%A3o%20Paulo%20de%20Futebol%20J%C3%BAnior
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2024 Copa São Paulo de Futebol Júnior
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The 2024 Copa São Paulo de Futebol Júnior (also known as Copinha Sicredi 2024 for sponsorship reasons), was the 54th edition of the Copa São Paulo de Futebol Júnior, a youth football competition, organized by the São Paulo Federation of Football (FPF). Corinthians won the competition after defeating Cruzeiro in the final on a score of 1–0, giving the Paulista team their 11th trophy of the Copa São Paulo de Futebol Júnior.
Considered one of the most traditional in Brazil, the 2024 edition took place between January 2 and 25 and was contested by 128 teams divided into 32 groups. The top two teams in each group advanced to the next stage, which were played in knockout matches. Therefore, the teams reduced by half at each stage until the final.
The two-time champions in a row, Palmeiras were the defending champions of the competition having won in 2022 and the year before, 2023, but were eliminated in the Round of 16 after an upsetting 1–0 defeat to Aster Brasil.
Format and participants
On November 22, 2023, the FPF announced the groups and venues for the 2024 edition that will end on the anniversary of the city of São Paulo, January 25.
The venues are: Alumínio, Araraquara, Assis, Bálsamo, Barueri, Bebedouro, Catanduva, Cravinhos, Diadema, Franca, Guaratinguetá, Guarulhos, Itapira, Itaquaquecetuba, Jaú, Leme, Marília, Mogi das Cruzes, Osasco, Porto Feliz, Salto Grande, Santana de Parnaíba, São Bernardo do Campo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Suzano, Taubaté, Tietê, Tupã.
The 128 participants by state are:
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75811420
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matuatonga
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Matuatonga
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History
According to tradition, Matuatonga was brought to New Zealand from Hawaiki in the Arawa canoe. Matuatonga, as god of growth, was often contrasted with another atua, Matuatehe, god of decay, who is identified with the figure on the rear side of the sculpture. In pre-European times, the tribes around Lake Rotorua would travel to the location where Matuatonga stood on Mokoia Island each year during the planting season for the kūmara (sweet potato). There they held a ceremony, during which they touched the kumara seeds that they were about to plant to the statue. This was meant to prevent the crop from being destroyed by disease or cold weather. A traditional saying, , "Let the way be open to Mokoia," recalls this pilgrimage.
During the Musket Wars of the 1820s, Matuatonga was buried on Mokoia. When governor George Grey visited Mokoia in 1866, Matuatonga was dug up and a small mauri was given to Grey. This mauri was deposited in the Auckland Museum. It was still there as of 1923 and 2007. It is 40.6 cm high, made of red granite from the area around New Plymouth, and is alternatively called Haukakenga.
It is unclear what relationship the mauri given to Grey had to Matuatonga. According to Gilbert Mair the mauri given to Grey, which he calls Uenuku-kopako, had been taken from Taranaki by a war party led by Tūwhare and Patuone around 1820. An undated letter from Josiah Martin in the Auckland Museum Collection claims that the mauri given to Grey was the true Matuatonga and that the one that remained on Mokoia island (described and depicted above) was a replica, manufactured to satisfy the common people, who were not allowed to see the true mauri. According to Grey's own account, given in 1892, the mauri that was exhumed was the large one described above; he says he had it reburied, but accepted a smaller one; he says that one of them was a replica, but it is unclear which one he means.
| 2.875
| 0
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75811425
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Mary%27s%20Church%2C%20Alne
|
St Mary's Church, Alne
|
St Mary's Church is the parish church of Alne, North Yorkshire, in England.
The oldest parts of the church date from around 1100, at which time, it consisted of a chancel and nave. Other than the chancel arch and perhaps the chancel door, the church was rebuilt in about 1150, in a similar manner but with the addition of a west tower. A north aisle was added in the 13th century, followed by a new east window and north chapel in the 14th century. In the 15th century, the chapel was largely rebuilt, and the piers of the nave arcade were rebuilt. The wooden tower was blown down in the mid-18th century and was rebuilt in 1766, when various other repairs were undertaken. The church was Grade I listed in 1960.
The church is built of sandstone, with the tower and northern parapet being in brick. 12th-century carvings include animals, Agnus Dei, the signs of the zodiac, and Labours of the Months around the south door of the nave, and a serpent held by eagles on the lintel of the south door of the chancel. Inside, there is a Norman font, an octagonal oak pulpit dated 1626, and an early-14th century alabaster effigy.
| 2.109375
| 0
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75811530
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Harris%20%28abolitionist%29
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Andrew Harris (abolitionist)
|
Andrew Harris (1814 – December 1, 1841) was an American abolitionist, minister, and the first Black graduate of the University of Vermont (class of 1838). He was one of the first African Americans to receive a college degree in the United States and the first to champion abolition of slavery and full racial equality.
Early life and education
Harris was born in 1814 to African American parents in New York State. His mother may have been only 12 years old when she gave birth to him. As an infant, Harris was adopted by a white couple (a Presbyterian minister and a homemaker) in Cayuga, New York, in the Finger Lakes region. Harris attended the Geneva Lyceum, a college and ministry preparatory school. Wishing to become a minister, he sought admittance to Union College and Middlebury College, both of which rejected his applications, and then to the University of Vermont, which accepted him as its first Black student, probably at the behest of UVM president John Wheeler. Harris matriculated in November 1835 as a member of the class of 1838.
Harris earned good grades and graduated from the University of Vermont on time in July 1838, ranking fourteenth in his class of twenty-four students. While a successful student, he experienced ostracism and overt racism from most classmates. Students barred him from participating in clubs, attending chapel, or speaking or appearing on stage at graduation. Administrators were complicit in this conduct, as Harris's name was omitted from catalogues of students during the 1830s, and most student examination records listed him last, whereas all other students were listed alphabetically.
| 2.609375
| 0
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75811789
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20E.%20Norvell
|
George E. Norvell
|
George Eldon Norvell (July 20, 1907 – October 5, 1990) was an American politician who served as the 28th Mayor of Tulsa between 1956 and 1958. He was the first native-born mayor of Tulsa.
Biography
George E. Norvell was born in 1907 in Tulsa, Oklahoma (then-Indian Territory) to Woodson Norvell, a member of the 1st Oklahoma Legislature, and Norma Lillie Ogan. He was delivered by another Tulsa mayor, Dr. Charles LaFayette Reeder. He graduated from George Washington University in 1931 and became the city attorney for Seminole, Oklahoma the next year. He held that position until he joined the state Board of Review for Unemployment Compensation from 1939 to 1942.
He enlisted in the United States Army in 1942, serving in China. He left the Army as a second lieutenant. He was appointed by Governor Roy J. Turner as Tulsa County's first juvenile judge in 1949 and resigned in 1954 to run for the United States House of Representatives. From 1956 to 1958 he served as the 28th Mayor of Tulsa.
He was a member of the Democratic Party.
| 2.171875
| 0
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75811861
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruga%E1%B9%87ita-pa%C3%B1c%C4%81%E1%B9%85gam
|
Tirugaṇita-pañcāṅgam
|
During his association with the Observatory, he became aware of the acute inaccuracies in the almanacs that were being used by the native people of southern India. Incorporating modern western knowledge with Siddhāntic concepts and techniques he developed his own Pañcāṅga and referred to it as Dṛggaṇita Pañcāṅgam, the adjective Dṛggaṇita was to emphasize the fact that the new almanac was in consonance with observations. The epithet Dṛig derived from ' Dṛṣṭi literally means ‘observation’. Ragoonatha Chary started publishing his new Dṛggaṇita Pañcāṅgam from 1869 onward. It was printed in both Tamil and Telugu scripts. There were two versions of the Pañcāṅgam, one of which was a short version called Śiriya Pañcāṅgam and the other a longer one called Periya Pañcāṅgam.
Ragoonatha Chary gave several lectures to popularize the new almanac. His new Pañcāṅgam was severely criticized by the traditionalists on the ground that it was against the wisdom and teachings of ancient sages and seers. However, after several debates Ragoonatha Chary was able to win over the trust of the Chief of the Sriperumpudur Ahobilam Matt. Later Ragoonatha Chary and his friends succeeded in organizing a meeting at Sankara Mutt at Kumbakonam (now at Kanchipuram). The meeting was attended by eminent astronomical and astrological scholars, and great public personalities like Diwan Bahadur R V Srinivasa Iyer, Inspector General of Registration Rao Bahadur Appa Sastrigal and Appa Dikshitar. The meeting arrived at the conclusion that the Drig system needs to be followed and a new almanac need to be prepared on those lines. From then on a Drig almanac began to be published under the auspices of Kanchi Sankaracharya Matt in the name of "Sri Kanchi Math almanac".
| 2.34375
| 0
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75811902
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scutaria
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Scutaria
|
Scutaria is a single-species fungal genus in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains the species Scutaria andina, found in South America. The thallus of this lichen has a form that is intermediate between crustose and foliose.
Taxonomy
The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by the lichenologists Ulrik Søchting, Ulf Arup, and Patrick Frödén. The genus name honours the Argentinian lichenologist Nora Scutari. Scutaria andina was first formally described by Veli Räsänen in 1939, who classified it as a species of Xanthoria. Scutari and colleagues had proposed to transfer the taxon to the genus Caloplaca in 2002.
Phylogenetically, Scutaria is sister to a clade containing the genera Josefpoeltia, Teloschistes, and Villophora; the entire group forms a well-supported clade with Wetmoreana. Scutaria is in the subfamily Teloschistoideae of the family Teloschistaceae.
Description
Scutaria forms an (irregularly branched or spread out) and almost (having -like structures) thallus. This thallus is often coated with a fine, powdery substance () and attaches to the through individual hyphae (fungus filaments) and hyphal strands. The outer layer of the lichen, known as the cortex, is intricately structured with tightly interwoven cells ().
The apothecia (fruiting bodies) are common in Scutaria and are mostly type, where the margin is less distinct. These apothecia are typically pinkish and often have a coating. The spores produced by these apothecia are , meaning they are divided into two components () separated by a central septum with a perforation or . , which are small, flask-shaped asexual reproductive structures, are mostly present in Scutaria. The (asexual spores), produced within these pycnidia are rod-shaped ().
In terms of chemistry, Scutaria is primarily characterised by the presence of fragilin, a secondary metabolite (lichen product), with occasional small amounts of other substances like parietin, emodin, and 7-chloroparietinic acid.
| 2.703125
| 0
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75811961
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montpelliatta
|
Montpelliatta
|
In August, though, Montpelliatta led a band northward out of the highlands, conducting a series of raids which culminated in the killing of the prominent colonist Bartholomew Thomas and his overseer near Port Sorell. However, this proved to be one of the last major incidents of Aboriginal resistance. The remaining people of the 'Big River' and 'Oyster Bay' clans numbered only a few dozen, down from a precolonial population of up to 2,000. Colonial violence had taken a massive toll on Montpelliatta's people and further resistance became impractical.
Surrender
In the meanwhile, Governor Arthur had turned to diplomacy to try and force the remaining 40 or so Oyster Bay – Big River Aborigines to surrender. He employed George Augustus Robinson to organise a "friendly mission" composed of already surrendered Tasmanian Aboriginal people to track down and entice the remaining hold-outs to give up.
In December 1831, Robinson with 14 Aboriginal envoys which included Kikatapula, Montpelliatta's kinswoman Polare, and other Tasmanian Aboriginal leaders named Eumarrah and Mannalargenna, tracked down Tongerlongeter and Montpelliatta's camp. Realising that their friends and loved ones were amongst Robinson's group and that Robinson expressed the Governor's good intentions for their safety, Tongerlongeter and Montpelliatta surrendered to him. The people who were at that camp represented what remained of the Oyster Bay – Big River clans. They consisted only of 16 men, 9 women and one child.
Exile and death on Flinders Island
On 7 January 1832, Montpelliatta and the other Aboriginal people now attached to Robinson's party marched into Hobart, much to the curiosity of the residents. After meeting with Governor Arthur, they were all placed on board a ship ten days later and sent into forced exile on Flinders Island.
| 2.71875
| 0
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75812172
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekaterina%20Alexandrovna%20Golovkina
|
Ekaterina Alexandrovna Golovkina
|
On the occasion of Alexander I's coronation, the Countess Golovkina (by then widowed) was granted a state lady and bestowed with the Order of Saint Catherine (lesser cross). From 1802 to 1816, she lived in Geneva, and then in Paris.In 1812, the 79 year old countess provided eighteen soldiers to the militia from Agafitov, Alekseevskaya and Aksinina, to fight against the French invasion of Russia.
According to a report from the Russian ambassador to France, Lieutenant General Pozzo di Borgo, Countess Ekaterina Golovkina could not manage her affairs due to her age and poor health, thus a guardianship was created over her in 1820. The trustees were her son, Alexei Gavrilovich, Privy Councillor Engel, and the third was elected by the Adjutant General, Count Pavel Shuvalov and the Council of Guardians of the young children of the late Lieutenant General, Count Pyotr Shuvalov. The trusteeship was created for the life of the countess.
She died in 1821 at the age of 88 in Paris. Her ashes were transported to Russia and buried in the family tomb with her parents, near the Church of the Transfiguration, Chapel of Metropolitan Alexei, Spas-Kositsy. Her name is inscribed in the eternal commemoration of the Nikolo-Berlyukovskaya Monastery.
Issue
| 2
| 0
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75812742
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statue%20of%20Nathan%20Hale%20%28Chicago%29
|
Statue of Nathan Hale (Chicago)
|
Nathan Hale is a bronze statue of American Revolutionary War hero Nathan Hale (1755–1776) which stands in front of the Tribune Tower in Chicago, Illinois. The statue depicts Hale moments before he was executed for spying on the Kingdom of Great Britain. The original statue was sculpted in 1899 by Bela Pratt and installed at Yale University in 1914. The Chicago replica, created by Guido Gargani and installed in 1940, stands on a granite base designed by architect Leo Weissenborn. Originally located in the Nathan Hale Courtyard, also known as the Nathan Hale Court, the statue was relocated in the 2010s when the Tribune Tower was converted into residential units. It now faces the building along Michigan Avenue.
Chicago Tribune founder Colonel Robert R. McCormick, a World War I veteran who became a staunch isolationist during the lead up to World War II, led efforts to install a replica of Pratt's statue beginning in 1927. He had been a longtime supporter of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) program, which prepares students to enter the military. He wanted to install a statue of an American patriot and dedicate it to younger generations, who he hoped would show the same courage. The statue was first displayed at WGN's radio studio during a special event and the dedication and unveiling took place a few months later on June 4, 1940. The dedication, which included a parade of 10,000 ROTC cadets, was attended by tens of thousands of onlookers. The statue of Hale in Chicago is one of several replicas on display in the United States, including ones in New York City and Washington, D.C.
History
| 2.390625
| 0
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75813544
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%20Hoosman
|
Al Hoosman
|
Al Hoosman aka Al Hoosmann was former serviceman, boxer and actor. During the 1950s and 1960s he acted in a number of films, including The Phantom of the Big Tent , The Avenger, Oriental Nights, and Beyond the Law. The main body of his film work was in Germany where he ended up living.
Background
Al Hoosman went to Washington Grade School and then on to East Junior High where he stayed until the 10th grade. Leaving school that early in 1938 was a disappointment to Leonard Raffensperger and Harry Sievers who had aspirations for Hoosman to pursue football and wrestling as a heavyweight. For the next three years he boxed for Pinkie George at the Electric park and other cites around Iowa. He was also working at the Rath Packing Company at the time.
Al Hoosman joined the army in 1940. During the second world war, He was stationed in Mount Isa, Queensland, Australia. Known as "Big Al", he was well known and respected around the town. While there he was a military policeman.
In 1943, Hoosman was thought to be the best heavyweight boxer in Australia. On 13 December that year, he was one of the boxers that fought at the Brisbane Stadium. He was also a sparring partner of Joe Louis and was said to be one of his best sparring partners.
Following Hoosman's boxing career he went to Germany in 1949. There he found some work in film and television. About two years later he had a leading role in the film Toxi playing a Negro G.I.
At one stage in the early 1950s, the U.S. Army had hired Hoosman to teach self-defense to troops stationed in Germany.
Hoosman founded the association to help colored and parentless children. His organization CAUSE, founded in 1958 was to help the German mixed-race children who were fathered by African American servicemen.
| 2.09375
| 0
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75814008
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethel%20Angell
|
Ethel Angell
|
Ethel Angell (22 July 1889 - 31 January 1972) was an English flower and landscape artist and teacher. She had paintings accepted into the 1931 and 1946 Royal Academy of Arts exhibition.
Ethel was the oldest of five children born to Eliza and Thomas Angell, a coach trimmer. She taught at Ansley School and lived at Ansley Common Warwickshire. She was living at Hartshill when she died in 1972.
Painting career
Angell studied painting in Bath, Somerset with Alfred Jones (1851-1928) and then with John Anthony Park, ROI, RBA (1880-1962) at the Nuneaton Art School.
In 1931 she had a painting Zinnias, painted while on holiday in Brittany, accepted into the Royal Academy of Arts (RA) exhibition. It was the first time she had submitted her work to be considered. Of her success she said, “I consider myself very lucky, considering the thousands sent from all parts of the world by artists who do nothing else.” She had a subsequent painting, The Harbour at High Tide, accepted for the 1946 RA exhibition.
She exhibited with the Coventry and Warwickshire Society of Artists (CWSA) in 1930 and 1931. She had four paintings, including At Midday and Leafy Warwickshire in the Nuneaton Museum & Art Gallery in 1947. She also exhibited with the Royal Birmingham Society of Artists (RBSA) and the Royal Institute of Oil Painters (ROI).
| 2.0625
| 0
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75814053
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anandaban%20Hospital
|
Anandaban Hospital
|
Anandaban Hospital aka Anandaban Leprosy Hospital is a non-government specialized tertiary leprosy care hospital located in Lele, Lalitpur in Bagmati Province of Nepal. It provides service to about 50,000 leprosy and general patients every year.
In partnership with International Nepal Fellowship, it runs Green Pastures Hospital and Rehabilitation Center in Pokhara.
History
It was established in 1957 with the aid of the Christian International Non-government organisation, The Leprosy Mission (TLM) in Lele, the southern part of Lalitpur. Since 2005, TLM Nepal has been working as an independent NGO to provide specialist tertiary care and technical support for Leprosy control programs with the partnership between TLM International and the Government of Nepal.
Departments
The departments Anandaban Hospital includes:
Anesthesiology Department
Laboratory Department
Radiology Department
OPD : Orthopedics, General Surgery, Pediatrics, General Medicine, Dermatology, Gynecology and Obstetrics,
Emergency Department
Pharmacy Unit
Pathology Department
Physiotherapy Department
Satellite Clinic
| 2.125
| 0
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75814617
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master%20Vaz
|
Master Vaz
|
Career
In 1934, the tiatrist Saluzin from Bardez made the strategic decision to bring his theatrical production, titled Bomboichi Ixttinn (Bombay Friend), to the city of Bombay. In this production, Vaz's parents assumed the roles of Mr. and Mrs. Vaz within the said drama. At a tender age of 7, young Vaz, the protagonist's character, was introduced by the director as Master Vaz, a name that resonated and became his enduring stage name within the Konkani theater landscape. During this period, Vaz collaborated with individuals such as Pako, Ernest Rebello, and Saluzin, collectively creating a repertoire of melodious compositions that Vaz performed with nostalgia. Additionally, Vaz's elder sister, Josephine, possessing a vocal prowess, joined her brother in rendering duets for approximately two years. Furthermore, Vaz's brother-in-law, Sebastian D'Souza, known by the moniker SD Punewala, contributed significantly by composing songs for Vaz's performances. Vaz initiated his foray into scriptwriting at the age of 12, debuting his first comedic tiatr, Jack and Mack, Tarvar Zalem Pack, at the St. Martin's Hall in Bandra. Although the production deviated from a conventional tiatr format, presenting itself as more of a concert, it received appreciation and acclaim from the discerning audience. Subsequently, Vaz continued to enrich the theatrical landscape with his creative output, successfully staging two additional tiatrs, namely Addecho Dotor (The Orthopedic) and Enddeanchem Noxib (Fool's Luck).
| 1.953125
| 0
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75815083
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amir%20Ronen
|
Amir Ronen
|
Amir Ronen (born 1965) is an Israeli computer scientist.
Biography
Ronen studied at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where he earned a B.Sc., M.Sc., and Ph.D. successively. He then pursued postdoctoral research at Stanford University and the University of California, Berkeley. After spending a few years as an assistant professor at the Technion, he joined the IBM Research Center in Haifa.
In 2012, Ronen received the Gödel Prize, along with Elias Koutsoupias, Christos Papadimitriou, Tim Roughgarden, Noam Nisan, and Eva Tardos, for initiating and developing a new field of research called Algorithmic Mechanism Design (AMD). This field integrates concepts from theoretical economics and game theory (Nash equilibrium) with computer science concepts such as algorithm design and complexity theory.
Ronen's work spans various areas, including algorithmic game theory, social network analysis, machine learning, and strategic analysis.
Research Papers
Algorithmic Mechanism Design. Games and Economic Behavior 35 (2001): 166–196.
Computationally Feasible VCG Mechanisms.
Algorithms For Rational Agents
Mechanism design with incomplete languages
Optimal Auctions are Hard, (April 29, 2002)
On Approximating Optimal Auctions
| 2.234375
| 0
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78911385
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nightmusic%20%28short%20story%29
|
Nightmusic (short story)
|
“Nightmusic” is a work of short fiction by Joyce Carol Oates originally published in Mundus Artium Journal (July 1972) and first collected in Marriages and Infidelities (1972) by Vanguard Press.
This fictional narrative is loosely based on the early life of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
Plot
“Nightmusic” is from a first-person point-of-view, present tense, by a child narrator. The story is presented in eight parts.
Part 1:
A five-year-old musician is being groomed to observe a formal performance from the only instrument that he fears: the trumpet. His valet prepares him, critically yet affectionately. The boy is frightened, but determined to be brave and not to show it. He remarks: “I am centuries old.”
Recalling that he almost died of pneumonia the year before, he is learning that one must harden oneself to a cruel world.
The valet picks up the trumpet and prepares to demonstrate it. The boy sits erect and expectant in his chair.
Part 2:
The valet blows the trumpet in the boy’s face.
Part 3:
The boy is traveling in a horse-drawn carriage with his father and another youngster. The children are age six. It is winter and boys are cold. He is happy and content, not sure of his destination. The trio stops take a room for the night at an inn. The father poses as their valet, and treats the children like princes.
Part 4:
The boy receives a letter from his mother, from whom he is far away. She is a remote figure and he wonders if she loves him.
A performance is underway at which the boy is entertaining guests with his “toylike” sonatas, and he tries to please them. He plays one song as if it contained a secret code: “Do you love me?”
His father weeps with joy at his son’s performance and puts him to bed. He dreams of keyboards.
Part 5:
The narrator reports that he has performed in Frankfurt in a powdered wig and an elegantly decorative sword. The young Goethe is impressed with his talent and considers him a budding immortal. The child is on a European tour and prays he will not contract smallpox.
| 2.53125
| 0
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78911559
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979%20Brazil%20floods
|
1979 Brazil floods
|
The 1979 Brazil floods were a series of events that primarily affected the states of Minas Gerais, Bahia, and Espírito Santo.
In Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo, the floods occurred after heavy rains hit the states between January and February of that year. It was the largest natural disaster ever recorded in the region, resulting in 47,776 people left homeless, 74 fatalities, and 4,424 homes affected. A 36-kilometer section of the Vitória-Minas Railway (EFVM) was flooded, causing train traffic to be halted for two weeks and leading to the disruption of iron ore extraction. Highways such as BR-101 were also closed. The event had major global repercussions.
The overflow of the São Francisco River that year also caused flooding in Minas Gerais and Bahia. In Bahia, the primary cause of flooding was the overloading of the Sobradinho Dam. As a result, several municipalities along the São Francisco River were inundated.
Rains
The floods were caused by a significant accumulation of rainfall between January and February 1979 in Espírito Santo and throughout the eastern part of the state of Minas Gerais, resulting from 35 consecutive days of intense and continuous rainfall. On January 26, the rainfall accumulation was 100.8 mm in Bom Jesus do Galho, 128 mm in Nova Era, 109 mm in Dom Cavati, and 114 mm in Colatina. On January 30, 132.1 mm were recorded in Aimorés and 164 mm in the municipality of Ipanema, where 216.4 mm had already fallen on January 26, bringing the total monthly accumulation in Ipanema to 722.2 mm. In Itaguaçu, the accumulated rainfall was 104 mm on January 19 and 127 mm on January 31. On February 1, Ipanema recorded 81.6 mm, and the municipality of Timóteo received 131.2 mm. On February 2, 161.2 mm of rain fell in Belo Oriente, 117.4 mm in Dom Cavati, and 108 mm in Ferros. In the capital of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, the total rainfall accumulation for January and February reached 1,239.8 mm.
| 2.515625
| 0
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78912073
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20J.%20Ritchie
|
Samuel J. Ritchie
|
Samuel J. Ritchie, an American millionaire from Ohio, founded the Canadian Copper Company (CCC) in 1886 to exploit the minerals near what was to become known after 1902 as Copper Cliff. He was also president of the Central Ontario Railroad (COR).
Biography
In the early 1880s, Ritchie invested in Ontario and became president of the Central Ontario Railroad, and founded the CCC, which began in May 1886 to mine at what became known as Copper Cliff. In 1888 the Copper Cliff smelter was born. During the 1890s, it harnessed the output of six mines with its 13 Herreshoff furnaces of 125-ton capacity each.
Meanwhile, Robert Means Thompson contracted through his Orford Copper Company with the CCC to refine ore which was supposed to contain 7% copper. The ore from the CCC was "found to contain only 4.5 percent copper but it also contained 2.5 percent nickel. This was not what had been expected nor what was wanted. Since Thompson and Ritchie were primarily interested in copper they had to solve three problems: copper and nickel had to be separated and refined; a nickel market had to be developed; and a profit had to be made." This prompted the development of the Orford "tops and bottoms" process by 1893.
Ritchie was ousted from the board of the CCC in 1891. In 1892 they hired Jules Garnier and in 1893 Carl Hoepfner, both fruitlessly, in their quest to make nickel at a competitive cost to the Orford Nickel Company. Meanwhile in 1902 the CCC and Orford and other companies amalgamated into the International Nickel Company (INCO). Ritchie then lobbied for a Nickel export tax from Canada, with which to subsidize a smelter and refinery operation, but was unsuccessful until the Big Nickel scandal of 1916 forced INCO to re-situate its Constable Hook operations to near the hydroelectric power source of Niagara Falls in Port Colborne.
Ritchie began a $10 million lawsuit in 1893 against Judge Stevenson Burke, ex-Senator Henry B. Payne, H.P. McIntosh, Charles W. Gingham and others.
| 2.21875
| 0
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78912199
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onyekwere%20Akwari
|
Onyekwere Akwari
|
Onyekwere E. Akwari, M.D., F.A.C.S, F.R.C.S. (C.) (June 5, 1942-April 14, 2019) a Nigerian-American, was Duke University’s first African-American surgeon. His academic career involved laboratory research, complex general surgery, teaching and advocacy from the undergraduate through postdoctoral levels, and contributions to Duke University and American surgery.
Early years, education and training
Onyekwere Emmanuel Akwari was born on June 5, 1942 in Aba, in then-Imo State, now-Abia State, in southeastern colonial Nigeria to Ngarasi Christiana Ukegbu, a shopkeeper and landlord and Theophilus Egesi Akwari owner of an export-import firm. Akwari was the eldest of eight siblings..
Akwari’s primary education was in Government School, Aba until age 12 when he became a boarding student at Hope Waddell Training Institution from age 12. He became senior prefect and valedictorian, graduated, and earned his higher school certificate in a colonial educational system conforming to British education. Nigeria gained independence from England in 1960, the “Year of Independence” for some 17 African countries. Akwari received a scholarship to the University of Washington for his undergraduate education from the competitive African Scholarship Program for American Universities (ASPAU), a collaboration between the African countries, a cohort of US universities, and the predecessor of the US Agency for International Development.
In 1966, Akwari began medical school at the University of Southern California . Akwari served as president of his first-year class and, in his fourth year, president of the medical student body receiving an award for outstanding contributions to the school.
In 1967, the Igbo sought independence from Nigeria. A bloody war ensued, cutting Akwari’s contact with family until 1970 and decimating the family businesses. Akwari began his general surgery residency at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota in 1970.
| 2.578125
| 0
|
78912641
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just%20Becquet
|
Just Becquet
|
Just Becquet (17 July 1829 – 25 February 1907) was a French sculptor and musician. Born in Besançon, he was a pupil of François Rude and active in Paris, France during the 19th century.
Early life and education
Just André François Becquet was born on 17 July 1829 in Besançon, Doubs, Franche-Comté France.
As a child, Becquet demonstrated an early artistic inclination by playfully peeling off the putty from recently fixed windows and sculpting miniature human figures. Becquet later pursued studies in drawing and modeling at the municipal Fine Arts school. Around 1850, he moved to Paris to study with François Rude, a leading French sculptor, after crossing paths with his students Paul and Jules Franceschi in Besançon.
Career
The French sculptor became a regular exhibitor at the Paris Salon held by the Académie des Beaux-Arts in 1853 and executed numerous busts and other works. At the Salon of 1857, his piece titled "Faune" and its bold realism earned praise from critics. In the sculpture section of the 1858 Paris Salon, the pupil of François Rude presented a sculptural piece made from plaster titled "Saint Sébastien". Later, it found its place within the crypt of the Church of Saint Ferjeux.
Becquet, an excellent cellist and passionate about music, dedicated all his free time from sculpture to it, idolizing Beethoven. His cello talent allowed him to supplement his father's pension by performing at concerts, where he met Camillo Sivori, the Italian virtuoso, who played music with him for many years. He was also a musician at the Théâtre Français, where he enjoyed classical theater. In the late 1850s, he became a friend of American painter James McNeill Whistler during his bohemian Paris days. In 1859, Whistler etched a portrait of Becquet holding the cello, which was first sold by Francis Seymour Haden.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just%20Becquet
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Just Becquet
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He designed a statue of the engineer Germain Sommeiller of Saint-Jeoire, with the plaster model displayed at the 1880 Paris Salon. Becquet also presented a sculpture titled "Faun Playing with a Panther" () at the Paris Salon of 1880 and the Tours Fine Arts Exhibition of 1881. Inscribed on the artwork's round base were the words 'To the memory of Rude,' signed by Becquet. The sculpture depicted a faun, resting on a mound of vine leaves, interacting with a panther at his feet. One of his best-known works, it was purchased by the French government for the museum at Tours. In 1889, he showcased "Faun Playing with a Panther" at the Exposition Universelle.
Becquet took over an unfinished statue of Martin of Tours, "Saint Martin," that Paul Cabet started in the mid-1870s, finishing it in 1882 after Cabet's death. The statue was later placed in Arras Cathedral.
A marble version of his "Saint Sébastien" statue was introduced in 1884 and later acquired by the government for the Luxembourg Museum (). The Paris Salon of 1886 displayed his fine marble work known as the "Apology of the French Vine" (). The sculpture portrayed a young faun seated on a stone, crowned with vine branches and holding a bunch of grapes. It was also purchased by the government and placed in Luxembourg and later moved to the Tuileries Garden. The 1887 Paris Salon featured "Christ on the Cross," which was eventually placed in the Musée d'Art et d'Histoire de Saint-Brieuc. In 1888, Becquet exhibited the plaster bust of his mentor François Rude. A year later, he won a silver medal at the Universal Exhibition of 1889 and presented "Sister Marthe," a plaster bust later cast in bronze for the façade of Besançon's Saint Jacques Hospital (). The Government-commissioned marble bust of Rude, later displayed in the Louvre Museum's gallery of portraits of the masters, was showcased in 1891.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayaz%20%28magazine%29
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Bayaz (magazine)
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Bayaz (Urdu: بایاض) is a Urdu monthly literary publication based in Lahore, Pakistan. Established in 1991 by poet Khalid Ahmad, who remained its primary contributor for 22 years, until his passing in 2013, the magazine was then led by his brother-in-law, Imran Manzoor. It features a variety of content, including poetry, ghazals, essays, biographies, and other educational material.
History
Bayaz is a renowned monthly publication, regarded as one of the finest collections of literature in Pakistan by Daily Times. Over the years, it has featured the work of almost every prominent poet of this generation. Legendary figures such as Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi, Amjad Islam Amjad, and Jaun Elia, among others, have contributed to its pages, cementing its reputation as a premier literary platform for poetry, essays, and other artistic expressions.
In 2025, Bayaz remains a monthly publication, preserving its rich legacy despite the decline in readership for magazines and literature in Pakistan, a consequence of the country's challenging economic conditions.
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78913009
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trurl%20and%20Klapaucius
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Trurl and Klapaucius
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Trurl and Klapaucius are the main protagonists of the humorous science fiction short stories of the Cyberiad series written by Polish writer Stanisław Lem. They are two robots who are constructors, who travel the galaxy, designing and building fantastic machines, either on order, or of their own fancy.
That they are robots is not stated anywhere directly, but is revealed through hints. For example, in the story "Altruizine" Trurl utters: "I, however, made bold to remind him of the solidarity of all thinking beings and the necessity of aiding our organic brothers". The illustrations of Daniel Mroz, however, leave no room for doubt.
In the tandem, Trurl is a more enthusiastic, daring, and industrious one, spearheading most of the endeavors of the team, which, unfortunately nearly always end in disasters on a lesser or larger scale. Klapaucius is as a genius as Trurl is, but he is Trurl's opposite: a cautious pessimist, who tries to discourage Trurl, without much success, and helps the latter to fix (if possible) the disasters created by implementations of Trurl's ideas.
Both of them are bearers of the Diploma of Perpetual Omnipotence. From the story "The Dragons of Probability" it is known that "Trurl and Klapaucius were former pupils of the great Cerebron of Umptor, who for forty-seven years in the School of Higher Neantical Nillity expounded the General Theory of Dragons."
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaias%20White
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Isaias White
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Isaías White Méndez (2 June 1869 – 1914) was a Spanish footballer who is widely regarded as one of the most important figures in the amateur beginnings of Sevilla FC, being one of its founders in 1890, and then serving the club as its first secretary, from which he organized the first official football match in Spain, where he scored a goal to help Sevilla become the first team in Spanish football history to win an official match.
Early life
Isaias White was born in Seville on 2 June 1869, as the fourth child and only son of Maria Méndez Montes and Isaiah White Lewis, and was baptized on 12 June of that year in the parish church of San Vicente in Seville. His father was an English engineer from Gloucestershire and co-owner of the Portilla, White, y Cía, which was "one of the most important mechanical engineering and metal construction companies in Spain in the second half of the 19th century". In the General Census of the Population of Seville in August 1875, Isaias was a 6-year-old boy, and the White family was living in the San Vicente neighborhood.
Sporting career
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murr%20Dedi
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Murr Dedi
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Tribal Ancestry
Murr Dedi is considered to be the forefather of many large tribes in northern Albania. The one of which is the tribe of Berisha, which claims to descend from Kol Poga, son of Pog Murri, son of Murr Dedi. Historically, it is believed that Kol Poga's brother was Lekë Poga, who was then the forefather of the Mërturi tribe. Genetically, the tribe of Berisha and Mërturi are considered to be related patrilineally, which may support this oral tradition.
However, three different tribe also claim descent from Murr Dedi, though from another one of his sons, Dit Miri, alleged brother of Pog Murri, ancestor of Berisha and Mërturi. Dit Miri is the father of Mir Diti, who is the forefather of the tribe of Mirdita. Mir Diti's brothers are considered to be the forefathers of two other tribes, Shala and Shoshi. Murr Dedi was also the progenitor of the Thaçi and Toplana tribes. However, while the other tribes do claim descent from a common male ancestor, Thaçi and Mirdita do not, as they come from a union of different families. So, while some members may be related to the other tribes, the entire tribes themselves are not descended from Murr Dedi, according to tradition.
Mythical Origins
The origins of Murr Dedi have been retold various times by different people. Although they may differ considerably, the stories mainly have a few shared traits. These include coming from the sea, living somewhere in Northern Albania, and having his descendants expand and conquer.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murr%20Dedi
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Murr Dedi
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One story, from the tribe of Berisha, claims that there was once a land known as "Toka e Kreut", whose location is unknown. Toka e Kreut is said to have been completely surrounded by water, and it was a catastrophic flood which caused a few men to take their boats and search for new lands. The men had sailed until their ora (a white dove) directed them towards a land abundant with pear trees. The men stayed there for nine generations until war broke out, and the began expanding. The founder of the tribe of Berisha was then called "Murr Dedi" as he came from the sea. This story was told by the four elders of Desk, Doç, Tetë, and Marojë.
Another oral legend from the tribe of Berisha finds similarities to the Roman myth of Romulus and Remus. The story tells of a shepherd near the shores of Mahmurrëzë who had his sheep grazing the pastures. One of the sheep, however, and for no apparent reason, seemed to have already been milked. One day, when the sheep were grazing, the man observed this one sheep again, as he had become very curious as to what had happened, and he had seen it start to wander off on its own, separating from the rest of the flock. The shepherd followed it from a distance, and he then saw the sheep go to a baby boy swaddled in a cradle. To his amaze, he saw the sheep feeding the baby its milk. The shepherd then went to the baby and saw that he was totally alone with nobody nearby. He took the boy and raised him as his own, and named him Mahmurr Deti, as he was found near the sea of Mahmurrëzë. Mahmurr Deti had grown and had children of his own, and then became the progenitor of the tribe of Berisha, who then called him Murr Dedi for short. This story has clear relations to the story of Romulus and Remus, as the two boys were babies which were cared for by a she-wolf, which gave them its milk. This story may share common origins, or be the origin of the Albanian story itself.
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