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69951332
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics%20of%20open%20science
|
Economics of open science
|
The conceptual definition of open science infrastructures has been largely influenced by the analysis of Elinor Ostrom on the commons and more specifically on the knowledge commons. In accordance with Ostrom, Cameron Neylon understates that open infrastructures are not only a public good characterized by the management of a pool of common resources but also by the elaboration of common governance and norms. The economic theory of the commons make it possible to expand beyond the scope of limited scope of scholar associations toward large scale community-led initiatives: "Ostrom's work (...) provide a template (...) to make the transition from a local club to a community-wide infrastructure." Open science infrastructure tend to favor a non-for profit, publicly funded model with strong involvement from scientific communities, which disassociate them from privately owned closed infrastructures: "open infrastructures are often scholar-led and run by non-profit organisations, making them mission-driven instead of profit-driven." This status aims to ensure the autonomy of the infrastructure and prevent their incorporation into commercial infrastructure. It has wide range implications on the way the organization is managed: "the differences between commercial services and non-profit services permeated almost every aspect of their responses to their environment".
As of 2022, major actors that have formally adopted the core principles of open science infrastructures (or POSSE) include Crossref, CORE, OpenAir, and OpenCitations.
| 2.109375
| 0
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69951337
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.%20D.%20Estilette
|
E. D. Estilette
|
The White League's growth continued through the summer and fall, reaching its peak on September 14, with the Battle of Liberty Place, in which 5,000 armed White League troops defeated a smaller force of state militia and New Orleans Metropolitan Police and overthrew Republican Governor William Pitt Kellogg, installing John McEnery in his place. But the victory was short-lived; President Ulysses S. Grant sent in federal troops to reinstall Kellogg, and the White League retreated after three days. That slowed its momentum, and when the St. Landry Democratic Party met to nominate candidates for the legislature on September 26, the White League was unable to stop Estilette from being renominated.
In November, he was reelected to the seat. Of the 15 Democrats who had switched from the McEnery "People's House" to the Kellogg legislature, Estilette was the only one to be reelected.
Wheeler Compromise and speakership
Louisiana politics were still extremely volatile, with white Democrats using violence and intimidation to block the election and seating of Republican officials. When the new House of Representatives met on January 4, 1875, Republicans held a two-seat majority, but with the winners of five additional disputed seats to be voted on by the House itself. But at the start of the session, Democrat Louis A. Wiltz physically seized the speaker's chair and called for a voice vote to name him "temporary chairman" on the House, a position that did not exist. Based on the shouted votes of the members, Wiltz declared himself elected and quickly called for votes to seat Democrats in the five disputed seats, giving the party a "majority" of sorts. Democrats boycotted the organization of the state Senate, where they were not close to a majority.
| 2.5625
| 0
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69951427
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucson%20Modernism%20Week
|
Tucson Modernism Week
|
Tucson Modernism Week is an annual cultural festival and celebration organized by the Tucson Historic Preservation Foundation held in October - November which highlights Southern Arizona's unique and distinct mid-20th century architecture and design heritage. Established in 2012 the programming includes tours, lectures, films, publications, and special events. The event draws national and international speakers and participants. Tucson Modernism Week produces an annual magazine featuring original scholarship and content highlighting the contributions of 20th-century designers, architects, and thought leaders. The events and programming primary focus on Tucson and greater Pima County which is home to a significant collection of mid-twentieth century buildings by noted architects including Judith Chafee, Arthur T. Brown, Bernard J. Friedman, William Kirby Lockard, William Wilde, Sylvia Wilde, Taro Akutagawa, Tom Gist, Bob Swaim, Nicholas Sakellar, and others.
During the Covid-19 pandemic, programing was offered entirely online with virtual tours, lectures and other innovative programing.
| 2.203125
| 0
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69951540
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana%20Olshanskaya
|
Juliana Olshanskaya
|
Later in Pletenetsky's time, it is said that an Arianist came to the church and asked to see the relics of Juliana. He is said to have stolen a ring from her finger and, upon leaving the church, suffered painfully before dropping dead. Pletenetsky had the stolen ring placed with the church's most holy relics at the icon of the Virgin Mary. On another occasion, Abbot Feodosii Safonovych, visiting from St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery in Kyiv, viewed the relics. Safonovych later said he had a vision of Juliana that convinced him to worship more piously.
The monastery's Archimandrite Peter Mogila (in office 1633–1646) claimed to have seen a vision of Saint Juliana in one of his dreams. Mogila claimed Juliana reproached him for the lack of respect paid to her relics. He then ordered them to be placed in a new reliquary, made by nuns. Juliana's relics survived a fire in the Pechersk church in 1718 and are now in the church of the Near Caves. Her feast day is 10 October, when she is commemorated as one of the seven saints of Volhynia, but she is also commemorated individually by the monastery on 19 July.
| 2.015625
| 0
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69951604
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stella%20Madzimbamuto
|
Stella Madzimbamuto
|
Neurosurgical nurse (1960–1982)
In 1960, Madzimbamuto replaced a British nurse who was serving as a neurosurgical nurse to the British neurosurgeon Laurence Levy, who was the only specialist in that field serving in Africa at that time. Levy trained Madzimbamuto, teaching her how to perform basic neurosurgical nursing duties and perform procedures, such as spinal taps, air encephalograms, and myelograms, which at the time were only done by doctors. She became proficient at the techniques and trained junior doctors being educated at the hospital in how to perform them. She wanted to pass on her skills to help other women and longed for women to earn the recognition due to them; at the time, women were legal minors and typically had to stop working after marriage. Upon his release from prison in 1961, Daniel was sent to the Sikombela Restriction Camp in Mapfungautsi near Gokwe Centre, where he remained until 15 January 1963. When he was released, and despite the fact that Madzimbamuto was expecting her third child, Levy encouraged her to continue her education abroad. Levy arranged for her to study abroad for two years at the Stoke-Mandeville National Spinal Injuries Centre in Buckinghamshire and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery in Queen Square, London. Madzimbamuto decided she could only be abroad for a year. Leaving Farai and Chipo with her in-laws in Murehwa and four-month-old Tambudzai in Kenya where her mother and a sister were living, Madzimbamuto went to England in February 1964.
| 2.6875
| 0
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69952500
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramlal%20Chunilal%20Modi
|
Ramlal Chunilal Modi
|
Ramlal Chunilal Modi (27 July 1890 – 14 July 1949) was an Indian Gujarati-language writer, researcher, critic and historian. He is known for his research in medieval Gujarati literature, especially on the medieval poet Bhalan. He was awarded the Narmad Suvarna Chandrak posthumously in 1950.
Biography
Ramlal Chunilal Modi was born on 27 July 1890 in the Dasa Vayada Vanik family at Patan. His father's name was Chunilal Narbheram and his mother's name was Jadav. After clearing his matriculation examination from Patan High School in 1908, he worked as the headmaster of Unjha and Chanasma middle schools. He then joined Patan High School as a teacher and served there till his death.
He died on 14 July 1949 at Rajkot.
Works
Since Ramlal Chunilal Modi was a native of Patan, he had a special charm for the local librarians and poets there. He has done important work mainly in the field of Old Gujarati and medieval history of Gujarat. He has published as many as 150 exploratory articles in addition to some texts.
In 1909, his first article titled 'Gujarati Shabdkosh' published in the 'Buddhiprakash'. In 1919, he published the classically written character book 'Bhalan' about the medieval Gujarati poet Bhalan. In 1924, he published the book 'Kavi Bhalan krut Be Nalakhyan', for which he was awarded Rs. 101 by the Gujarati Sahitya Parishad.
He has made a Gujarati translation of the Jadunath Sarkar's Mughal Administration (1920) book under the title 'Mughal Rajyavahivat' (1942). 'Patan-Sidhpurno Pravas' (1919) is his travelogue. 'Karna Solanki' (1935) and 'Vayupurana' (1945) are his historical texts.
Awards and honors
During 1945–50, he was posthumously awarded the Narmad Suvarna Chandrak by the Narmad Sahitya Sabha for his historiography.
| 2.34375
| 0
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69953003
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Oval%20Court
|
The Oval Court
|
The work plays into the vanitas tradition with its subtle display of the transience of life, such as Chadwick's use of dead animals, maggots and fruits. In a traditional vanitas work the human body is often absent from the scene and if it is present, the person is usually solemnly contemplating death. Chadwick subverts this by having her naked body embrace and enjoy the transient and the goods surrounding her. In her notes Chadwick describes the 12 nude images of her as "12 gates to paradise, the twelve paths to self-knowledge through the power of love" and here she achieves "one-ness with all living things." Chadwick claimed to have been heavily influenced by the Rococo and Baroque eras for the creation of this work. She visited many churches and palaces of these eras before creating the work. She turned the heavenly ceiling paintings of the Rococo and Baroque upside down so instead of looking up at a glimpse of heaven we are looking down at her floating world of desire. Chadwick described the work as "a stitching together of so many different references, ultimately post-modern, a kind of bowerbird theft of facets from everywhere, from architecture, from painting." Chadwick's body and facial expressions in The Oval Court, references specific paintings and sculpture of the Rococo and Baroque. Such as Gian Lorenzo Bernini's sculpture the Ecstasy of Saint Teresa. As well as Jean-Honore Fragonard's The Raised Chemise and Francois Boucher's The Brunette Odalisque and The Blond Odalisque.
| 1.9375
| 0
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69954395
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathy%20Hirschfeld
|
Kathy Hirschfeld
|
Katherine Anne Hirschfeld is an Australian chemical engineer and business executive.
Early life and education
Hirschfeld was born in Brisbane, Queensland. She was educated at Ascot State School and then Brisbane Girls Grammar School. She completed a Bachelor of Chemical Engineering at the University of Queensland in 1982.
Career
On graduation, Hirschfeld joined BP and during a 20-year career worked for them in Australia, Turkey and the United Kingdom. She was managing director of BP's Bulwer Island Refinery from 2005 to 2010.
She has been a member of the Senate of the University of Queensland since 2010, following in the footsteps of her grandfather, Otto Hirschfeld (1953–1957) and great-grandfather Eugen Hirschfeld (1910–1914).
Hirschfeld joined the board of Powerlink Queensland in 2018 as chair and was appointed to the board of Central Petroleum Limited in the same year.
Awards and recognition
Hirschfeld was elected a fellow of the Institution of Chemical Engineers in 2005 and of the Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering in 2009. She has been an honorary fellow of Engineers Australia since 2014. In 2015 she was named one of the Top 25 Most Influential Female Engineers by Engineers Australia and also one of the AFR/Westpac 100 Women of Influence. She was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia in the 2019 Queen's Birthday Honours for "significant service to engineering, to women, and to business".
| 1.992188
| 0
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69954425
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damase%20Potvin
|
Damase Potvin
|
Damase Potvin (born October 16, 1882 – 1964) was a writer and journalist born in Bagotville. He is the son of Charles Potvin and Julie Hudon.
Biography
He obtained his baccalauréat ès arts at the Séminaire de Chicoutimi where he contributed to the newspaper of the Institution L'Oiseau-Mouche, then enrolled, in 1894, in a business course. In 1903, he entered the White Fathers of Africa and unable to adapt to the climate of Algiers, he returned to the country in 1905. Subsequently, he opted for journalism and in 1905 founded the first newspaper in the Saguenay region, Le Travailleur. He directed Le Progrès du Saguenay (1906) for a year. He will then move to Quebec where he will be assistant editor at La Semaine Commerciale and La Vérité then editor-in-chief at Quotidien in Lévis. He will then found Le Petit Québécois in which he will write controversial columns under the pseudonym of Jean Yves. In 1910, he moved to Montreal where he worked for Devoir (1910), while contributing to various newspapers and magazines: Chasse et Pêche, Culture, Saturday, French Canada. In July 1918, he founded the review Le Terroir, organ of the Society of Arts, Sciences and Letters, which will be published until 1940.
In December 1917 he co-founded, with Georges Morisset and Alonzo Cinq-Mars, the Society of Arts, Sciences and Letters of Quebec. In 1938, he organized the Quebec Journalists Club. He will be a member of the Press Gallery in the Parliament of Quebec, of the Montreal Historical Society and of Quebec, of the Canadian Institute of Quebec, of the Literary School of Montreal and the Society of French-Canadian Writers.
In 1938, he received the Prix David for his novel Peter McLeod and in 1940, the Prize of the Ministry of Mines for his novel Sous le signe du quartz. His work is mainly focused on the terroir and the return to the land.
The Damase-Potvin Literary Prize is awarded in his memory.
| 1.992188
| 0
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69955162
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nolen%20Ellison
|
Nolen Ellison
|
During his tenure at Sumner, Ellison was the first African-American elected to the Kansas City Junior College Board of Trustees. While serving in the role of a trustee, Ellison met a representative of the Kellogg Foundation who convinced him that he could become a community college president. This Kellogg Foundation connection led to a post-graduate scholarship at Michigan State University that Ellison utilized to enter a graduate education program at Michigan State's campus in East Lansing in 1969.
Ellison earned his Ph.D. in education/leadership management from Michigan State University in 1971. During his Ph.D. studies, Ellison served as Assistant to Michigan State University President Clifton R. Wharton Jr. from 1970-1971.
In the fall of 1971, Ellison was hired as assistant to the chancellor at Metropolitan Community College in Kansas City, Missouri, for the 1971-1972 academic year.
After one year in Kansas City, Ellison returned in 1972 to Michigan State University as dean of students and assistant vice president of student affairs. Ellison was the first African-American to hold the dean of students position at Michigan State University
In 1972, at the age of 31, Ellison was hired as president of Seattle Central Community College. At the time he was the youngest CEO of a higher education institution in Washington and one of the youngest in the United States. Ellison held the position until 1974.
In 1974, Ellison was hired to be the second President and CEO in the history of the Cuyahoga Community College in Cleveland, OH. At Cuyahoga Community College, Ellison was known as an educational innovator that pushed for the installation of computers on the campus. Ellison was also instrumental in the creation of the Tri-City Jazzfest Cleveland in 1980.
Ellison held this position until 1991.
| 2.484375
| 0
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69955632
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lefki%2C%20Kastoria
|
Lefki, Kastoria
|
Lefki (, before 1927: Ζουπάνιτσα – Zoupanitsa; Macedonian: Жупаништа Županišta; Bulgarian: Жупанища Zhupanishta, Жупанишча Zhupanishcha in the Kostur dialect) is a village in Kastoria Regional Unit, Macedonia, Greece.
Geography
The village is located 5 kilometers away from the city of Kastoria. North of it, lies the mountain "Agia Triada" or "Holy Trinity". South of it, lies the river "Ladopotamos". In between the river of Ladopotamos and Zupanista, lies the village of "Orman" or "Kato Lefki" also known as "Lower Lefki". West of it lies the village of Koromilia or "Sliveni" and from the east lies the village of Maniakoi or "Maniak". The village has an elevation of 795 meters above sea level.
History
According to linguist Ivan Duridanov, the village's original Slavic name is said to have derived from the word "Župan" which was a title given to Slavic leaders of the Middle Ages. and the word "ishchi", a patronymic name. The Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary, also states that the name comes from the Slavic title of "Župan".
The first mentions of the village originate from Ottoman tax records where Ottoman authorities mention a village with the name "Zhupanishte". Alexander Sinve, in his book Les Grecs de l'Empire Ottoman. Etude Statistique et Ethnographique, wrote that in the year 1878, 600 people lived in the "Zoumbanista". In the Ethnography of the Provinces of Adrianople, Monastir and Thessaloniki, published in the year 1878, in the city of Constantinople which reflected the statistics of the male population from 1873, "Zhupanitsa" is listed as a village with 95 households and 307 inhabitants.
In 1945, Greek Foreign Minister Ioannis Politis ordered the compilation of demographic data regarding the Prefecture of Kastoria. The village Lefki had a total of 732 inhabitants, populated by 700 Slavophones with a Bulgarian national consciousness.
| 2.203125
| 0
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69956143
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EX%20Lupi
|
EX Lupi
|
The next observed outburst was during the period 1955–1957 and was tracked by A. F. Jones. It reached a peak magnitude of 8.4, followed by a secondary brightening about 300 days later. After a period of quiescence during the 1980s, another eruptive burst was observed in March 1994. It reached a peak magnitude of 11.5 on both April 30 and May 14. The cause was now understood to be the result of a mass accretion event with the infalling matter releasing its kinetic energy on the T-Tauri star. This creates a hot emission region that dominates the light output from the star. Many of the emission lines show an inverse P Cygni profile, thereby demonstrating that it is coming from infalling material. Absorption lines in the spectrum show a redshift indicating a velocity of .
A major outburst of EX Lupi began in January 2008, and it reached a peak visual magnitude of 8 during February. It remained optically brighter by five magnitudes for a period of seven months. Infrared observations of the star's circumstellar disk during the outburst shows spectral features of crystalline silicates, including strong indications of forsterite. The features resembled those seen in comets and some protoplanetary disks. The temperature of the disk is mostly below , indicating a circumstellar dust-free inner hole with a radius of . The disk may extend outward to at least . At stellar quiescence, the infrared silicate feature at a wavelength of can be explained as amorphous silicates of olivine and pyroxene.
Matter from the circumstellar disk is being accreted onto the star by means of accretion columns. This column may be the cause of the 7.417 day radial velocity variations observed with this star. EX Lupi is accreting mass at a typical estimated rate of ·yr−1, which can climb as high as ·yr−1 during peak bursts. Between outbursts, the star undergoes moderate variability of 1–2 magnitudes due to variations in the rate of accretion.
| 2.421875
| 0
|
69956277
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galician%20bread
|
Galician bread
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Diffusion
Galician bread has such a wide production area, which covers the entire Autonomous Community of Galicia. However, not all the bread made in this region can be listed under the PGI Galician Bread protection, since it must meet production criteria set by law. In 2020, it was estimated that only 10% of the inhabitants of Galicia regularly consume Galician bread.
Bread formats
The different forms of Galician bread are standardized as follows:
The barra is between 40 and 60 cm long and weighs 300 g.
The bola or torta has a flattened and round shape, and a variable weight of 250 or 500 g, 1 kg or even more. Depending on the place it is called by either name, and traditionally they are cooked before bolo.
The bolo or fogaza has a round and irregular shape, more or less the same length as width, and on top it can be finished with a kind of bow or scored. The weight varies between 250 or 500 g, 1 kg, 1.5 kg or even more. There are also longer forms.
The rosca has an irregular flattened ring shape, with a variable weight of 250 or 500 g, 1 kg or even more.
| 2.453125
| 0
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69956336
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Findlay%2C%20Ohio%20minor%20league%20baseball%20history
|
Findlay, Ohio minor league baseball history
|
Professional baseball returned to Findlay in 1915. The 1915 Findlay Finns became members charter members of the Class D level Buckeye League. With a record of 22–19, the Finns placed second in the six–team league standings when the league disbanded on July 5, 1915. Playing under manager Ollie Chapman, the Finns finished 2.0 games behind the champion Lima Boosters. The Buckeye League permanently folded after playing only the partial 1915 season.
Findlay returned to minor league play in 1937, fielding a team in the Ohio State League and reaching the league finals. The "Findlay Browns" began play as an affiliate of the St. Louis Browns and Findlay would play five seasons in the Ohio State League, all under manager Grover Hartley. The 1937 Findlay Browns placed in fourth in the six–team Class D level league. With a 43–47 record under manager Grover Hartley, the Browns finished 19.5 games behind the first place Mansfield Red Sox in the final regular season standings. In the playoffs, Findlay beat the Marion Presidents 2 games to 0 before being swept by the Mansfield Red Sox 3 games to 0 in the finals.
The Ohio State League played the 1938 season as a four–team league. The Findlay Browns continued play and finished in third place. With a regular season record of 44–54 under manager Grover Hartley, Findlay was 12.0 games behind the first place Fostoria Red Birds in the regular season standings.
| 1.96875
| 0
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69956424
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrolirus%20patricki
|
Astrolirus patricki
|
Astrolirus patricki is a species of starfish in the family Brisingidae. It is a deep-sea species found on seamounts in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, at a depth of between .
This generally orange asteroidea has seven long spiny arms, allowing them to be excellent suspension feeders in deep waters. They extend their arms to catch food particles suspended in the water. Their arm skeleton is a mosaic of abutting plates, and each pair of arms contains a set of sexual organs and eyes.
This species was discovered to science in 2013, and described in 2020. All known specimens of the species were observed attached to hexactinellid sponges, indicating a close, possibly commensal, relationship between both taxa. Due to this apparent relationship with sponges, the species was named Astrolirus patricki as a reference to Patrick Star, an anthropomorphic starfish character from the SpongeBob SquarePants television series.
In 2021, the World Register of Marine Species selected A. patricki as one of "ten remarkable new species from 2020".
| 2.359375
| 0
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69956430
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darnley%20Beaufort
|
Darnley Beaufort
|
"Lord" Darnley Beaufort was the alias used by the man serving as principal of Gethsemane College, a school operated by the Abbey of Our Lady of Gethsemane in Kentucky, from 1893 to 1895. He was convicted of "gross immorality" with students in 1896, causing a scandal that damaged the Abbey's reputation for decades.
"Beaufort" was natively fluent in four languages (English, German, French, and Italian), wore the clothes expected of a member of England's upper class, and appeared to be highly educated. He arrived in Kentucky in 1892, claiming that he was a recent convert to Catholicism, that his wife had recently abandoned him and that his only child, a 12-year-old boy, had recently died. He claimed that the boy's dying wish had been for his father to spend his vast fortune in helping poor children. He lavished gifts on children in Nelson County, Kentucky.
Beaufort was placed in charge of the college shortly after arriving. Complaints about his conduct with students and the Abbey's funds followed soon thereafter, prompting the abbott to publish a lengthy letter in his defense. By October 1894, the New York Times reported that "Beaufort" was an assumed and fraudulent identity. Beaufort's true name was Cornelius (or Corneille) Betz; he was a native of Bourscheid, Luxembourg born in 1858. He was raised near Beaufort Castle but was not related to the Beaufort family. He adopted the name sometime around 1890 while operating confidence schemes in England and in Switzerland.
| 2.09375
| 0
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69956499
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh%20devolution
|
Welsh devolution
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Official country and language status
In 2011, the International Standards Organisation officially changed the status of Wales to country after the term "principality" was used in error. This came about following lobbying from Plaid Cymru AM (Assembly Member) Leanne Wood. Legally Wales had ceased to be a principality since the period that the Statue of Rhuddlan was implemented from 1284 to 1542. The governments of the United Kingdom and of Wales almost invariably define Wales as a country. VisitWales.com states that "Wales is not a Principality. Although we are joined with England by land, and we are part of Great Britain, Wales is a country in its own right."
The Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011 modernised the 1993 Welsh Language Act and gave Welsh an official status in Wales for the first time, a major landmark for the language. Welsh is the only official de jure language of any country in the UK. The Measure was also responsible for creating the post of Welsh Language Commissioner, replacing the Welsh Language Board. Following the referendum in 2011, the Official Languages Act became the first Welsh law to be created in 600 years, according to the First Minister at the time, Carwyn Jones. This law was passed by Welsh AMs (assembly members) only and made Welsh an official language of the National Assembly.
| 2.78125
| 0
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69956529
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexington%2C%20North%20Carolina%20minor%20league%20baseball%20history
|
Lexington, North Carolina minor league baseball history
|
Minor league baseball teams were based in Lexington, North Carolina between 1937 and 1967. Lexington teams played as members of the Carolina League in 1936, North Carolina State League from 1937 to 1942 and 1945 to 1952, Tar Heel League in 1953 Western Carolina League from 1960 to 1961 and Western Carolinas League from 1963 to 1967. Lexington won two league championships.
Lexington teams played as a minor league affiliate of the Philadelphia A's (1938–1939, 1945–1952), New York Mets (1961), San Francisco Giants (1963–1966) and Atlanta Braves (1967).
History
Minor league baseball began in Lexington, North Carolina during the 1936 season under unique circumstances. The Rutherford County Owls began 1936 the season as charter members of the eight–team Independent level Carolina League, relocating to Lexington during the season. The Independent league was nicknamed as an "outlaw" league because of the Independent status. On July 3, 1936, the Rutherford County franchise was surrendered to the league after an attack of an umpire occurred at the Owls' home ballpark in Forest City, North Carolina. Rutherford County had a record of 21–25 under managers Maurice Frew and Baxter Moose when the franchise was surrendered. The franchise became the Lexington Indians and immediately replaced Rutherford County in league play. After compiling a 16–36 record in Lexington, the team then finished the season in 6th place with a 37–61 overall record.
According to reports of the July 3, 1936, incident, umpire C.T. Skidmore was attacked outside of Alexander Park after a game against Shelby. After the attack, Skidmore was complimentary of the players and team officials, who assisted him after the attack, including Dr. C.H. Verner who was president of the Rutherford County club and treated Skidmore's injuries. Skidmore stated he believed the attack was by out-of-town fans or gamblers. After the incident, Verner surrendered the team to the league. After a Carolina League meeting on July 5, 1936, the franchise was awarded to Lexington.
| 1.976563
| 0
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69956752
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leavenworth%2C%20Kansas%20minor%20league%20baseball%20history
|
Leavenworth, Kansas minor league baseball history
|
Leavenworth played in the 1907 Western Association as the Leavenworth Convicts. The moniker corresponds to Leavenworth being home of the United States Penitentiary, Leavenworth, which opened in 1903. The 1907 Leavenworth Convicts finished 29–108, placing a distant eighth in the Western Association, 71.0 games out of first place. The team folded following the 1907 season.
The 1946 Leavenworth Braves began play in the Class C level Western Association as an affiliate of the Boston Braves. The Western League reformed in 1946, after missing the 1943, 1944 and 1945 seasons due to World War II. Leavenworth joined the eight–team league, along with fellow members Fort Smith Giants, Hutchinson Cubs, Joplin Miners, Muskogee Reds, Salina Blue Jays, St. Joseph Cardinals and Topeka Owls.
The first home game for the Leavenworth Braves was on May 2, 1946. Before the game there was parade to the ballpark. Students were released from school to attend. The game drew 2,800, despite the fact that seating hadn't even been installed yet at Wadsworth Park.
The 1946 Leavenworth Braves won the Western Association championship. Leavenworth finished with a 76–57 record to finish 1.0 game ahead of the Hutchinson Cubs in the final standings. The season home attendance was 56,176, an average of 845 per game.
Playing as a Boston Braves affiliate, the 1947 Leavenworth Braves had a record of 50–88, finishing eighth and last in the standings, drawing 28,419 fans. The Braves finished with a record of 62–75 in 1948, placing sixth in the standings, with season attendance of 40,639.
The 1949 season was the final season for the Leavenworth Braves, who were without an affiliate. The 1949 Leavenworth Braves finished with a record of 25–112, placing eighth and last in the Western Association, 70.5 games out of first place. The Braves' attendance of 33,132 was last in the league, with the seventh-place attendance at 50,145. Leavenworth folded after the 1949 season and was replaced in the 1950 Western Association by the Springfield Cubs.
| 2.1875
| 0
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69956920
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baton%20Rouge%2C%20Louisiana%20minor%20league%20baseball%20history
|
Baton Rouge, Louisiana minor league baseball history
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The Evangeline League permanently folded following the 1957 season and had never become an integrated league, despite the efforts of major league affiliates (the Chicago Cubs) to assign players to the Lafayette Oilers and integrate team rosters. Lafayette was an affiliate of the Chicago Cubs. In 1956, some boycotts of attending games occurred after the Lafayette Oilers refused to accept the players' teams and Lafayette Parrish, home of the Baton Rouge Rebels, passed legislation making it illegal for black players to play in its ballparks. The Evangeline League itself also officially banned non-white players from appearing on their rosters. These blocks forced the major league teams to reassign the players to other leagues. Due to boycotts, the 1956 playoff finals, featuring Lafayette, were cancelled as a result. Both the Lafayette Oilers and the Baton Rouge Rebels folded before the end of the 1957 season, on June 20, 1957.
In 1946, John Radulovich hit .409, playing for the Baton Rouge Red Sticks, becoming the first player in Evangeline League history to hit over .400. Radulovich had 215 hits, with 41 doubles and 31 home runs.
In 1976, minor-league baseball returned when the Baton Rouge Cougars became a charter member of the reformed Class A level Gulf States League. However, the league and its franchises struggled, with Baton Rouge folding on August 13, 1976, with a record of 43–27. The Cougars' owner, Billy Blythe had vanished, and player paychecks stopped arriving. Louisiana State University was forced to evict the ball club from Alex Box Stadium. The Gulf States League folded after the 1976 season.
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69957031
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort%20Dodge%2C%20Iowa%20minor%20league%20baseball%20history
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Fort Dodge, Iowa minor league baseball history
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Minor league baseball teams were based in Fort Dodge, Iowa, playing various seasons between 1904 and 1917. Fort Dodge teams played as members of the Class D level Iowa State League from 1904 to 1906 and in 1912, before joining the Central Association from 1916 to 1917. Fort Dodge hosted home minor league games at Riverside Park.
Today, the Fort Dodge "Dodgers" nickname is used by Fort Dodge Senior High School.
History
Fort Dodge was home to numerous semi–pro baseball teams prior to the minor league teams beginning play. The Fort Dodge Fort Brands played in the 1903 season against area teams. A Fort Dodge team called "Company G" played indoor baseball in 1904.
Iowa State League 1904–1906, 1912
Minor league baseball play began in Fort Dodge in 1904, when the Fort Dodge Gypsum Eaters became charter members of the eight–team Iowa State League. The gypsum references in the Fort Dodge team monikers refer to the strong gypsum industry in Fort Dodge.
In their first season of play, the Gypsum Eaters ended the 1904 season with a record of 57–52, placing fifth in the Iowa State League, playing the season under manager Frank Boyle, who would manage the team for three seasons. The 1904 Iowa State League Final standings included the champion Ottumwa Snappers 70–36, Waterloo Microbes 64–43, Marshalltown Grays 60–49, Keokuk Indians 58–50, Fort Dodge Gypsum Eaters 57–52, Boone Coal Miners 50–61, Oskaloosa Quakers 38–69 and Burlington River Rats 36–73. Home season attendance for Fort Dodge was 13,582, an average of 249 per game.
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69957970
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%20Coast%20Free%20Economic%20Zone
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East Coast Free Economic Zone
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The Korean East Coast Free Economic Zone or East Coast FEZ is a 4.47 km2 economic zone on development, located in the Gangwon-do's East Coast area into the center of the Pan-East Coast economic belt. The FEZ is focused on advanced green materials industries, global tourism, and leisure industries.
In 2013, The Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy of Korea launched the development plan. The total cost of the project has been 807.05 billion won and is aimed to be built between 2013 and 2024.
The East Coast FEZ is composed by three districts in the East Coast Port Area: Guho-dong and Mangsang-dong of Donghae_si, Okgye-myeon of Gangneung_si.
Investments
In 2021, the East Coast received $100 million in Foreign Direct Investment. In January 2022, the chairman of the Philippines' LCS Group Luis Chavit Singson announced a $100 million investment plan in a residential, commercial, and resort development project in the Mangsang District 1, highlighting its geographically and strategically location on the coastline.
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69958280
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language%20row%20and%20movement%20in%20Jharkhand
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Language row and movement in Jharkhand
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2021–2022 Language Movement in Jharkhand is a language movement organized on 2021 in Jharkhand, which is still going on in 2022. The people's demand was expressed to protect the local language and to prevent the aggression of other languages on the local language. Local language rights activists in Dhanbad and Bokaro protested against the inclusion of Bhojpuri, Magahi and Maithili languages in the state government's list of regional languages for Dhanbad and Bokaro, and launched a series of movements under the banner of Jharkhandi Bhasa Bachao Sangharsh Samiti. On 30 January 2022, Local language right activists making a 50- km long human chain from Telmachcho to Chandankiyari in Bokaro with intensely protests. The voice of the protesters on that day was "Bahari Bhasa Nei Chalto", means outsiders' languages will not work.
About five kilometer long torch procession was taken out under the banner of Jharkhand Bhasha Sangharsh Samiti, Nawadih on Tuesday to protest against making Bhojpuri and Magahi languages as regional languages in Dhanbad-Bokaro. About two thousand youths involved in this raised slogans against the government with torches in their hands. Nawadih Deputy Chief Vishwanath Mahato said that in any case the encroachment of language will not be accepted. Hemant government, who talks about the soil, is tampering with its culture, language and identity, which will not be tolerated. Protest foot march will be taken out in Nawadih on Wednesday. Bokaro district general secretary of Mukhiya Sangh, Gaurishankar Mahto said that Jharkhand has been found after a long fight. Under no circumstances will the identity of Jharkhand be allowed to be played with.
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69958793
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patushay
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Patushay
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Patushay, alternatively known as Potshai, stood as an independent village within the scenic Bandipora district of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Its fate intertwined with Qazipora, leading to the emergence of a consolidated community named Qazipora Patushi. Situated at a distance of 4km from the bustling Bandipora town and 59km from the vibrant city of Srinagar, Patushay owes its name to the amalgamation of "Poàt," signifying antiquity, and "Shay," representing a site rich in historical significance.
Description
Patushay village is nestled in the scenic Bandipora District, surrounded by the breathtaking beauty of Jammu and Kashmir. This quaint village is known for its picturesque landscapes, with lush green meadows, a hill (called 'Wuder' by locals) providing a panorama view of the village with the India largest fresh water lake, Wular Lake in the east. The village exudes a serene charm, offering a peaceful retreat from the hustle and bustle of urban life. Patushay is also rich in cultural heritage, with its residents showcasing the warmth of Kashmiri hospitality. The traditional architecture of the houses adds to the village's rustic appeal, making it an ideal destination for those seeking a tranquil and culturally enriching experience.
The residents of Patushay village primarily engage in agriculture, cultivating crops like rice and Apples, which contribute to the region's vibrant agrarian economy.
The village is also strategically located for those interested in exploring the Bandipora District, with its scenic view sites, that showcase the natural beauty of the Kashmir Valley. Patushay, with its tranquil ambiance and cultural richness, serves as a hidden gem for those seeking an authentic and off-the-beaten-path experience in this enchanting region.
| 1.921875
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69958953
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray%20Mancini%20vs.%20Bobby%20Chacon
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Ray Mancini vs. Bobby Chacon
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Chacon got back on the winning columns with four consecutive knockout victories before a widely awaited-for match-up with cross-town rival, undefeated, 23-0 hard-punching Danny "Little Red" Lopez was set-up, this time at the Los Angeles Sports Arena in Los Angeles, on May 24, 1974. Chacon dominated Lopez, building leads of four rounds (on two of the judges' scorecards) and five rounds on the other scorecard before stopping the Utah native but California residing Lopez in round nine.
The win versus WBC world-ranked Lopez, himself a future WBC world Featherweight champion, made Chacon a challenger for the WBC world Featherweight title, which at that time was vacant, and for which Chacon fought versus Venezuela's Alfredo Marcano. Chacon became a world champion for the first time when he stopped Marcano,a former WBA world Jr. Lightweight champion who was 43-9-3 in 55 contests, in nine rounds at the Olympic Auditorium in Los Angeles, September 7, 1974.
Chacon defended the WBC world Featherweight championship successfully once before facing Olivares in a rematch on June 20, 1975, at the Inglewood Forum. Once again, Olivares, by then 79-5-1 in 85 previous fights, proved to be Chacon's better by dropping the defending champion twice in the second round before the contest was stopped in that round.
Chacon next beat Fel Clemente before the beginning of his four fight rivalry with Rafael "Bazooka" Limon. On December 7, 1975, Chacon first faced future two time WBC world Jr. Lightweight champion Limon in what also constituted Chacon's first fight abroad, held at the Plaza de Toros Calafia in Mexicali, Mexico. Limon outpointed Chacon over ten rounds, winning (Limon) by a ten rounds unanimous judges' decision.
| 2.125
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69959284
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s%20Healthy%20Ageing%20Project
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Women's Healthy Ageing Project
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The Women's Healthy Ageing Project (WHAP) is the longest ongoing medical research project examining the health of Australian women. Its landmark studies concern women's heart and brain health, a long-neglected area of specialised research.
It began in 1990 as a longitudinal study of more than 400 Australian-born women and has been recording health changes for 30 years, from midlife to later-life.
The study is run within the Healthy Ageing Program, a research group at the University of Melbourne School of Medicine, in collaboration with the Centre for Medical Research at the Royal Melbourne Hospital.
The Healthy Ageing Program consists of WHAP (1990); the WHAP Generations Study (2021), involving children of the original 1990 WHAP participants; and AgeHAPPY (Healthy Ageing Project Population Youth-Senior) (2018), an online health survey of more than 5,000 participants assessing the impact of lifestyle factors on health and ageing.
History
The program was established in 1990 by leading women's health researcher and psychiatrist Lorraine Dennerstein, who initiated the study to address the lack of attention paid by Australian medical research to diseases women have. WHAP continues to address this issue as it persists in current epidemiological research, heightening awareness with regard to the progression of women through menopause and into ageing.
The project was initiated as a cohort study of more than 2,000 women in 1990. In 1992, the project commenced with the longitudinal followup of over 400 of the original participants. In its first decade, the WHAP was known as the Melbourne Women's Midlife Health Project (MWMHP).
| 2.75
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69959498
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erongo%20Battery%20Energy%20Storage%20System
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Erongo Battery Energy Storage System
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The Erongo Battery Energy Storage System, also Erongo BESS, is a planned battery energy storage system installation in Namibia. The BESS, the first of its kind in the country and in the Southern African region, will be capable of providing 72MWh of clean energy to the Namibian grid.
Location
The BESS unit would be located at the site of NamPower's Omburu Substation, approximately , southeast of the city of Omaruru in the Erongo Region, in central Namibia. The geographical coordinates of this location are:21°29'49.0"S, 16°01'40.0"E (Latitude:-21.496944; Longitude:16.027778).
Overview
The BESS station has storage capacity of 58 megawatts. Its design allows for a discharge capacity of 72MWh of energy into the Namibian grid. The BESS is expected to store "locally generated renewable power as well as electricity imported from the Southern African Power Pool (SAPP)". The electricity will be stored at off-peak times, when it is cheaper. The stored energy can then be discharged "during peak times".
The intended benefits include (a) stabilization of NamPower's grid (b) act as a back-up, if and when existing generation facilities fail (c) reduce the cost of electricity fed through the SAPP.
Developers
The BESS station is under development by the Namibia Power Corporation (Pty) Limited, who own the station. The development receives support (financial and technical) from the German State-Owned Investment and Development Bank (KfW). In December 2021, KfW made a grant of €20 million towards the development of this project, estimated at 80 percent of total cost. NamPower is expected to contribute about 20 percent of the cost and pay any outstanding taxes not covered by the KfW grant.
| 2.234375
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69959532
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viorel%20Cosma
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Viorel Cosma
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Viorel Cosma (30 March 1923 – 15 August 2017) was a Romanian musician and teacher who came to wider prominence as an exceptionally prolific musicologist and a pioneering lexicographer. Through his scholarship he also achieved distinction as a teacher, researcher and music critic. Between 1989 and 2012 he produced a ten volume lexicon, running to 2,800 pages, entitled "Muzicieni din România", providing extensive information on approximately 1,500 Romanian composers and musicians, musicologists, music critics, music teachers, folklorists and other contributors to Romanian music and musicianship.
Biography
Viorel Cosma was born at Timișoara, the multi-ethnic economic and administrative capital of Banat, in the western part of the recently expanded Kingdom of Romania. In 1929, despite being just 6, he was accepted as a pupil at the Timișoara Municipal Music Conservatory, where for the next two years he learned to play the violin. He was taught by the violinist Eugen Cuteanu, while Sabin Drăgoi took care of the necessary Solfège and other aspects of music theory knowledge.
Cosma was 18 in 1940/41 when Romania became entangled in the war. He fought for his country in a guards regiment and was seriously wounded twice. His status as a war veteran would remain unpublicised and unknown for more than half a century, but during the final decade of his life, official and public attitudes towards Romania's role in the war grew more nuanced. He became a regular participant at events arranged by the Ministry of Defence to honour surviving war heroes, even taking part in television shows involving war veterans. In 2015, two years before he died, he was promoted to the rank of General (retired).
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69959532
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viorel%20Cosma
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Viorel Cosma
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Back in 1945, after the war ended he progressed his music education between 1945 and 1950 at the National University of Music in Bucharest. Here he was taught by a number of Romania's leading composer-performers and musicologists, including Mihail Jora, Leon Klepper, Marțian Negrea, Constantin Silvestri, George Georgescu, Ion Dumitrescu, Dimitrie Cuclin and Zeno Vancea.
Between 1945 and 1947 he taught at the "Alberto della Pergola" conservatory in Bucharest. Later, still in Bucharest, he taught at the "Dinu Lipatti" and "George Enescu" musical secondary schools. At the university level he also taught, between 1951 and 1966, at the National University of Music and the Hyperion University. Meanwhile, he had already embarked on an intensive parallel career as a critic. Several sources state that in the Romanian and foreign press, in the end, he published over 5,000 essays, studies, articles, reviews and other pieces of music criticism. He delivered academic papers and contributed fully in various other ways at many of the symposia and conferences devoted to musicology, both in Europe and in the United States, at which he participated.
Viorel Cosma was also one of three co-librettists for Gherase Dendrino's 1954 operetta "Lăsați-mă să cânt!" ("Let me sing!"). The piece enjoyed official backing. Translated into Russian and several of the principal languages of middle Europe, it was staged in Romania, Germany, the Soviet Union, Austria, Bulgaria, Belgium and the Netherlands. More than half a century later many of Dendrino's are overlooked, but the central themes of "Lăsați-mă să cânt!" are relatively timeless: it was revived most recently at in 2018, at Cluj-Napoca.
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69959532
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viorel%20Cosma
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Viorel Cosma
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Evaluation
According to admirers, Viorel Cosma laid the groundwork of modern musical lexicography in Romania, creating the most extensive national lexicographic music exegesis anywhere in the world. His musicological research spans five centuries, between 1500 and 2000, discovering or rediscovering the names of hundreds of Romanian artists who made musical careers in Romania and/or abroad. As a Professor of Musicology, during the twentieth century he created and trained the first generation of Romanian musicologists and music critics, occupying for many years the first high-profile professorial chair at the National University of Music (as it became known) in Bucharest, following its reconfiguration, rebranding and relaunch. Inspired by his involvement in the folk music revival, which emerged with particular force in Romania during the first half of the twentieth century, Cosma played a central role in rediscovering connections between Romanian tradition and the more widespread music cultures of and beyond the European continent: he is credited with having identified more than 100 non-Romanian works inspired by Romanian folklore.
A particular specialism in respect of Cosma's own researches was the life and works of the composer George Enescu. It was indeed in part a reflection of Enescu's own international profile that Cosma travelled abroad on various occasion to deliver lectures on the Romanian composer, notably in France and in the United States. Venues included the Académie des Beaux-Arts and the Sorbonne in Paris, along with Boston University in Massachusetts. He also shared his specialisms in some of the western world's leading music lexicons and encyclopædias, contributing to "Grove's Dictionary", "Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart", the "Dictionnaire des interprètes et de l'interprétation musicale au XXe " of Alain Pâris, "Sohlmans musiklexikon" and other major publications with similar aspirations.
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69960528
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Tarn
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The Tarn
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Bird sanctuary, nature reserve
While birds and other wildlife obviously live and visit the whole wooded area, half The Tarn site is not usually open to the public, and is designated specifically as a bird sanctuary nature reserve in size. The bird sanctuary is a wooded area northeast of the park and lake and fenced off from the public area. Numerous bird species are seen in The Tarn Bird Sanctuary and lake including Mallard, Feral pigeon, Canada goose, rose-ringed parakeet, Eurasian blue tit, coal tit, common blackbird, Eurasian collared dove, great tit, long-tailed tit, Eurasian magpie, tufted duck, cormorant, carrion crow, Jay, European robin, house sparrow, starling, dunnock,. and swan In connection with the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, people have used The Tarn site to help with the Big Garden Birdwatch. A butterfly garden has also been set up in the garden just north of the bridge. Other wildlife that appears in The Tarn includes, foxes, squirrels, frogs. and bats.
Location
The Tarn is located on the eastern side of Court Road in Mottingham opposite Mottingham railway station in the Royal Borough of Greenwich, southeast London, United Kingdom; its postcode is SE9 5AQ. The park is around north of Mottingham centre, south of Eltham and east of Middle Park. Opposite the park is a timber yard, and south of the park gates there is parade of shops on the west side of Court Road, including a convenient store, café, hairdressers, off-licence and dry cleaners, there is also a pub named The Royal and a Shell petrol station on the east side of the crossroads to the south.
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69960964
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislature%20of%20Tucum%C3%A1n
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Legislature of Tucumán
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The new constitution of the province, adopted in 1884, established a bicameral legislature comprising a Senate and a Chamber of Deputies. The Chamber of Deputies was due to be made up of one member for every six thousand inhabitants in the province, who would serve for three-year terms, and would be allowed to run for re-election. In addition, the Chamber would use staggered elections and renew a third of its members every year. The Senate, on the other hand, would count with one member for every 12 thousand inhabitants, who would serve for four-year terms and be allowed to run for re-election. The Senate would also count with staggered elections, and a fourth of its members would be renewed every year. A constitutional reform in 1907 extended legislative terms for both senators and deputies to four years, and established staggered elections by halves every two years.
This system was in place until 1990, when a new constitutional reform established a single legislative chamber by the name of "Honourable Legislature", counting with 40 members who would be elected for four-year terms and allowed to run for re-election.
Electoral sections
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69960988
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warta%20Malaya
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Warta Malaya
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Warta Malaya (English: Malayan Report), also known as Warta Melayu was a Singaporean and Malayan Malay-language daily newspaper. Written in Jawi script, the newspaper released its first issue in 1930. It later emerged as one of the highest circulating Malay newspapers of the 1930s. The newspaper was politically involved in the early stages of Malay nationalism, and became a paper for the Kesatuan Melayu Muda, an early Malayan left-wing political party. The final issue of the newspaper was published in 1942.
History
Warta Malaya was printed by Anglo-Asiatic Press Limited, founded in 1929 by Syed Hussein bin Ali Alsagoff, part of the Alsagoff family at Singapore. The first issue of the newspaper was officially published on 1 January 1930, at a price of 10 cents each. The original edition had 12 pages, but within a month it was expanded to 16. On 1 January 1934, Anglo-Asiatic Press Limited was renamed to Warta Malaya Press Limited. Prices per copy were reduced to 6 cents each due to rising profits. The success of the newspaper led to the release of two weekly companions, the Warta Ahad ("Sunday Times") in 1935, and Warta Jenaka ("The Comedian") in 1936.
The paper, characterized as "fiery and pungent", aimed to raise issues related to the Malay race and to alert Malays of ongoing events throughout the world. The paper covered events in Muslim countries outside Singapore and British Malaya, and claimed to be the first Malay-newspaper to subscribe to international news agencies. The paper discussed a wide range of issues affecting Malay rights, including education, political rights, and the economy. The staff of the newspaper included future prominent political figures of both Singapore and Malaya. Former staffs include Onn Jaafar, the first president of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), Abdul Rahim Kajai, dubbed as the "Father of Malay Journalism", and Yusof Ishak, the first President of Singapore.
| 2.25
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69961113
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.%20R.%20Rajagopalan
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C. R. Rajagopalan
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C. R. Rajagopalan ( 1957 – 31 January 2022) was an Indian writer, teacher and environmental activist from Kerala. Rajagopalan worked for the monitoring and preservation of folklore and tribal culture. He has written several books on heritage and folklore studies. He received awards from Kerala Folklore Academy and Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi.
Biography
Rajagopalan was born to Rama Panicker and Narayani Amma in Perumpullissery in Thrissur District of Kerala. He studied at C. N. N. High School, Thrissur Government College and Sri Kerala Varma College. He did his PhD in theatrical aspects of masks used in Theyyam, Kummatti, Thirapputnam, Krishnanattam and their relevance in modern theatre practices, from the Calicut University. He served as an associate professor at Kerala Varma College, Thrissur and Dean at the University of Kerala. He has received the Junior Fellowship from the Union Ministry of Culture, Government of India, and did Project on the Ethnic Music and UGC's Major Project on National Aesthetics of Folk Theater. Rajagopalan has also served as the Director of the Nattarivu Padana Kendram, a center for folklore studies in Thrissur, and director of the International Centre for Kerala Studies (ICKS) of Kerala University Kariavattom campus.
He authored several books on folklore, directed albums of folk songs and documentaries on folklore and has presented papers in Greece, China, Poland, Italy, England, Switzerland, Rome, Geneva and Oxford. He has also been the General Editor of DC Books' Nattarivukal, a series of 20 books on Folk knowledge, and the editor of Krishi Geetha. He attended the Geneva-based World Intellectual Property Organization's Heritage Knowledge Meeting. He was a regular contributor to periodicals on folklore.
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69961537
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental%20impact%20of%20bitcoin
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Environmental impact of bitcoin
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Bitcoin mining representatives argue that their industry creates opportunities for wind and solar companies, leading to a debate on whether bitcoin could be an ESG investment. According to a 2023 ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering paper, directing the surplus electricity from intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind and solar, to bitcoin mining could reduce electricity curtailment, balance the electrical grid, and increase the profitability of renewable energy plants—therefore accelerating the transition to sustainable energy and decreasing bitcoin's carbon footprint. A 2023 review published in Resource and Energy Economics also concluded that bitcoin mining could increase renewable capacity but that it might increase carbon emissions and that mining bitcoin to provide demand response largely mitigated its environmental impact. Two studies from 2023 and 2024 led by Fengqi You concluded that mining bitcoin off-grid during the precommercial phase (when a wind or solar farm is generating electricity but not yet integrated into the grid) could bring additional profits and therefore support renewable energy development and mitigate climate change. Another 2024 study by Fengqi You published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America showed that pairing green hydrogen infrastructure with bitcoin mining can accelerate the deployment of solar and wind power capacities. A 2024 study published in Heliyon simulated that a solar-powered bitcoin mining system could achieve a return on investment in 3.5 years compared to 8.1 years for selling electricity to the grid, while preventing 50,000 tons of CO2 emissions annually. The authors note that proof-of-stake cryptocurrencies cannot provide these incentives.
Methane emissions
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69961546
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karma%20Man
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Karma Man
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According to biographer Nicholas Pegg, Bowie reportedly wrote "Karma Man", along with "Let Me Sleep Beside You", after he had a desire to write "some top ten rubbish". With Visconti producing and playing bass, the two tracks were recorded on 1 September 1967 at London's Advision Studios. The session took six hours to complete. Personnel hired for the session included guitarist John McLaughlin, who later found fame with the Mahavishnu Orchestra; guitarist Big Jim Sullivan, who previously contributed to David Bowie; drummer Andy White; and Tony's then-wife Siegrid, who sang backing vocals. Tony Visconti later expressed disappointment in the finished tracks, stating in 1977, "I think these tracks were the reason David was thrown off Deram. They really were terrible."
Composition
Like "Silly Boy Blue" from David Bowie, "Karma Man" displays Bowie's growing interest in Tibetan Buddhism, which eventually led him and Visconti to join the Tibet Society. According to O'Leary, the song is a tribute to monks in exile such as Chime Rinpoche. The song's main character is presented as a "freak" and is left praying in a carnival tent as an exhibit, living in isolation away from his companions. Featuring a homage to Ray Bradbury's The Illustrated Man (1951), More positive in tone than "Silly Boy Blue", O'Leary analyses the track as a metaphor for "the lama in the West" or a "freak" residing in a faraway area. Bowie described Buddhist monks as "super-human", claiming to Melody Maker that they "could go days without eating, spend months living underground and they could live for centuries", a theme he would revisit for 1977's "Sons of the Silent Age". O'Leary compares these beliefs to the Marvel Comics' character Doctor Strange.
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69961743
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Snail%20Son%20%28Japanese%20folktale%29
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The Snail Son (Japanese folktale)
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The Snail Son is a character that appears in Japanese folktales, as a type of enchanted husband that becomes disenchanted from his animal form and becomes a handsome man. Some tales are related to the cycle of Animal as Bridegroom or The Search for the Lost Husband.
Summary
Mud-snail Son
Japanese scholar Seki Keigo titled Mud-snail Son a group of tales wherein a childless couple prays to a deity (uji-gami, Kannon or Yakushi) for a son; they either find a small snail (or other animal) and adopt it as their son, or a son is given to them as answer to their prayers. As the tale continues, the mud-snail marries a human maiden, either by trickery or performing honest work to her father. The snail son finds a magic mallet or is given one and uses it on himself (or his wife uses it) to turn him into a handsome man.
The Mud-snail Chōja
Scholar Kunio Yanagita collected the tale The Mudsnail Chōja from a teller in Sannohe-gun, Aomori. In this tale, an old couple works in their rice paddy, when they hear a voice telling them to rest. They leave the rice paddy, and a small mudsnail climbs on the man's knee and begs them to be adopted as their son. They agree. Some time later, the mudsnail rides a horse to the village and stops by a great house. The mudsnail asks for the daughter of the house as a bride for him - a request the residents deny. The mudsnail threatens to scatter boiling water, then hot ashes, if they continue to deny his request. The residents surrender their daughter, who the mudsnail places on his horse and rides with her back to the old couple. His adoptive parents are delight to their son's marriage, but the same cannot be said of the human wife. The mudsnail notices his wife's angry mood and asks her to take him to the rock where the old couple pounds straw and, once there, she must crush him. The human wife follows through with his request and crushes his snail body. He then becomes a handsome man.
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69961743
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Snail%20Son%20%28Japanese%20folktale%29
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The Snail Son (Japanese folktale)
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China
North American missionary Adele M. Fielde collected a Chinese tale titled The Man in a Shell: a woman prays to many gods to have a child. She eventually goes to the beach to pray to the Sea Dragon King. Insistent and frequent are her prayers that the Sea Dragon King decides to attend her, and the women gives birth to a son with a spiral shell. He grows up with the shell on his back, and eventually marries a human girl. One day, the woman asks her daughter-in-law about the snail husband: if he comes out of the shell at night or if he sleeps by the side of the conch. The girl answers that the husband takes off the shell at night. The woman hides the shell that night so that the youth remains human at all times, but he eventually finds the shell, wears it on his back and returns to the sea.
Adaptations
Japanese author Junji Kinoshita adapted the tale Tsubu Musuko (translated as "Shellfish Son") in his book of Japanese folktales.
The story was also adapted as the book Tsubu the Little Snail by author Carol Ann Williams.
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69962077
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Ecuador%20landslides
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2022 Ecuador landslides
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From January 31 to February 1, 2022, heavy rainfall impacted Ecuador, which caused multiple landslides, floods, and mudflows. It was caused by the country's biggest rainfall in nearly 20 years, which fell on the capital.
Background
Heavy rains, floods, and landslides have affected Ecuador, especially Guayas, Cotopaxi, El Oro, and Los Ríos, since the rains began on January 28, 2022. According to the local authorities of the city of Quito, the flooding occurred in the western part of the city after a brief period of rain of up to 75 mm in the afternoon of January 31, 2022. In Quito, there are 28 dead, 52 injured and 1 missing. The rain caused mudslides on Pichincha volcano overlooking the capital, damaging roads in the capital, washing away cars, destroying homes, and damaging infrastructure along the way.
According to videos on social media, local residents wept and screamed for help as a muddy river carrying trees, vehicles, garbage cans, and utility poles flowed through the streets of Quito. "The soil on the slopes was oversaturated, which led to slips from the slopes into the river course, and that led to this landslide," Guarderas said.
Monday's rainfall was a "record figure" not seen in the past since 2003. Quito Mayor Santiago Guaderas said. According to the mayor, it was the heaviest rainfall in the capital in nearly two decades. The storm that caused the landslide was as high as 75 liters per square meter (that means nearly 75 mm or nearly 3 inches of rain).
Geographical Explanation and Impacts
Ecuador, the neighbour of Colombia and Peru, is in western South America. It has a population of approximately 18 million, many choosing urban living with 2 million living in Ecuador's capital, Quito. Inhabitants are attracted to the city's history, architecture, ease of transportation, employment opportunities, education, and medical facilities.
| 2.3125
| 0
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69962134
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry%20of%20Gender%2C%20Family%20and%20Children
|
Ministry of Gender, Family and Children
|
The Ministry of Gender, Family and Children () is a government ministry of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
History
An Executive Secretariat responsible for gender was established by Presidential Order on 8 February 1980. As the General Secretariat for the Status of Women, this evolved into a branch of the state party, the Popular Movement of the Revolution (MPR). It became the Department of Women's Affairs in 1983, and was kept as the Department of Women's Affairs in the February 1985 Executive Council. In 1987 it was detached from the government, as the MPR Executive Secretariat with responsibility for gender.
In 1990 a Ministry for Gender was established. In 1992, it became the General Secretariat, and was attached to other Ministries: from 1992 to 1992, the Ministry of Health, National Solidarity, and the Family, and from 1994 to 2001, the Ministry for Health, Welfare, and Family Affairs. In 2003 the Ministry of Gender and Family was recreated, and in 2006 it became the Ministry of Gender, Family and Children.
Ministers
Geneviève Inagosi (2012-2014)
Bijou Mushitu Kat (2014-2015)
Marie-Louise Mwange (2015-2017)
Chantal Safou Lopussa (2017–2019)
Béatrice Lomeya Atilite (2019-2021)
Gisèle Ndaya Luseba (2021–present)
| 2.046875
| 0
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69962849
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%20effects%20of%20Total%20Recall%20%281990%20film%29
|
Special effects of Total Recall (1990 film)
|
Making the descending rods was difficult; they needed to appear to be glowing-hot, but were only in diameter at 1/24 scale and there was no practical way to light them internally. They were wrapped in retroreflective sheeting, painted with a corrosion texture. Bigelow filmed the scenes and front-projected an orange-red color-gel light through a beam splitter. The projected brightness was gradually increased, making the rods seem to be getting hotter. A mechanism inside the rods allowed them to lower. Because the retroreflective material did not scatter light onto the rest of the miniature, conventional lights were shone on the ice surface at the same time to evoke reflected light. The setup was overseen by Dana Yuricich. The 1/8-scale set contained the largest rods, in diameter, used for a close-up of the ice being penetrated and steam being emitted. The rods, made of plexiglass and filled with lights to make them bright, were textured with paint to look red-hot; Tom Valentine designed that shot. About ten puppeteers underneath the set broke the resin and wax ice as the rods penetrated.
As the ice cracks, releasing gas, dozens of crew triggered the effects, fire extinguishers, nitrogen vapor, and steam beneath the set. The nitrogen looked good, but was difficult to control. The effect was quick, and was filmed with high-speed cameras to make it appear slower. It took several takes, with the crew learning from mistakes. It had thirty reactor rod housings, each about square and long, cantilevered and supported by large vertical trusses. Fifty-five gallon drums of water were used as counterweights. When the rods hit the ice, thousand-watt lights shine up through the color gels. This shot was also overseen by Tom Valentine.
Mountain
| 2.5
| 0
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69962849
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%20effects%20of%20Total%20Recall%20%281990%20film%29
|
Special effects of Total Recall (1990 film)
|
The Martian mountain eruption was filmed in the Agricultural Hall No. 5 (a former blimp hangar) at the Ventura County Fair, since it was the only local place large enough to position lighting far enough from the set for the necessary angles and shadows. The mountain, high and in diameter, was constructed in nine pieces to facilitate transportation. Only the camera-facing part was built in detail, with the rear left open to operate effects from within (including vapor steam and chemical smoke). Behind the model was a chimney, designed to funnel liquid nitrogen and steam in a large plume. Air mortars were used to burst through the paper-thin plaster mountaintop; mountain shaking levers were also used. The top of the mountain was cast in lightweight plaster, textured on the underside with small shapes separated by thin plaster so the cap would disintegrate when hit by the air mortar. The effect took about a week to set up, and another week to film.
Special effects artists Richard Stutsman and Randy Cabral installed copper tubing in the top third of the mountain to direct jets of steam and nitrogen to its surface. Erik Stohl constructed mechanical aspects that made parts of the mountain rise or crumble.
The air mortars were loaded with gravel, which provided more control of blast direction than a basic explosive; Funke also believed that the gravel explosions had a more "visceral" feel. AB smoke was also used: a two-liquid solution which remained inert until it was mixed, when it rapidly generated a large volume of smoke. One of the liquids was spread on parts set to be detonated and the other on other parts of the mountain, so when the explosions occurred the liquids would mix and create smoke. The concoction was difficult to work with and dangerous to breathe, so the Stetson crew created additional protective gear from black polyethylene; face masks and protective garments were needed because of the toxic chemical smoke.
| 2.5
| 0
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69962865
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln%20School%20for%20Nurses
|
Lincoln School for Nurses
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The Lincoln School for Nurses, also known as Lincoln Hospital and Nursing Home School for Nurses, and Lincoln Hospital School of Nursing, was the first nursing school for African-American women in New York City. It existed from 1898 to 1961. It was founded by Lincoln Hospital (then named The Home for the Colored Aged) in Manhattan. The hospital and nursing school, moved to 141st Street, between Concord Avenue and Southern Boulevard in Mott Haven, the South Bronx, after 1899.
History
The Lincoln School School for Nurses was the first (and only) nursing school for African-American women in New York City, until the municipally funded Harlem Hospital School of Nursing was established in 1923.
The Lincoln School School for Nurses' first graduating class was in 1900, with a total of six graduates.
From 1906 to 1923 Adah Belle Thoms, a 1905 graduate, served as acting director. In 1908, she, along with Martha Minerva Franklin, and Mary Eliza Mahoney, organized the first meeting of the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses, which was sponsored by the Lincoln School for Nurses Alumnae Association.
The 1914 demographics of the hospital and nursing school has been reported as: the hospital patients were primarily white; the nursing home patients were primarily black; the doctors were white males; and the nurses and nursing students were black females.
In 1928 Isabel Maitland Stewart directed the first university-sponsored studies in nursing using a research team approach. What made the survey unique was that it focused on both the nursing process and results of care in terms of patient comfort and safety.
Notable alumni
| 2.921875
| 0
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69964151
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estabelecimento%20de%20Fundi%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20e%20Estaleiros%20Ponta%20da%20Areia
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Estabelecimento de Fundição e Estaleiros Ponta da Areia
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Estabelecimento de Fundição e Estaleiros Ponta da Areia () was one of the first shipbuilding industries in Brazil, having been founded by Charles Colman in 1844 and acquired in 1846 by Irineu Evangelista de Sousa, future Baron and Viscount of Mauá.
History
After the opening of the ports in 1808, small private shipyards appeared in Brazil. With the independence of Brazil, the naval sector gradually restructured itself to cope with the growing demand for means of locomotion of cargo and passengers by river and/or sea.
Until the mid-1840s, shipyards and small foundries dedicated to shipbuilding were concentrated around the Brazilian Navy arsenal and the Ponta da Areia, in Niterói. In mid 1844, the British Charles Colmann opens a small foundry on the Ponta da Areia in Niterói. The foundry goes from bad to worse, and on August 11, 1846, Colmann sells this small business to Irineu Evangelista de Sousa, who renames it Estabelecimento de Fundição e Estaleiros da Ponta d'Areia.
For the next 30 years the Ponta da Areia Shipyard produced 72 vessels for the most varied purposes such as cabotage, cargo transport, passengers, warships, and small vessels, with emphasis on the twelve vessels ordered by the Imperial Navy of Brazil between 1849 and 1869.
Its facilities were integrated to Companhia Comércio e Navegação (CCN) in 1905, the year this company was founded, specializing in ship construction and repair. At the time, CCN was also one of the largest construction and repair companies in Latin America.
| 2.25
| 0
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69964535
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adama%20Jalloh
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Adama Jalloh
|
Adama Jalloh (born 1993) is a British photographer of Sierra Leonean heritage whose work has been exhibited at Tate Modern and the V&A Museum. She specialises in portraiture and documentary photography.
Early life and education
Jalloh was born in 1993 to Sierra Leonean parents and is based in London. She has a BA in commercial photography from the Arts University Bournemouth, and won the British Journal of Photography Breakthrough Award for a single image by an undergraduate in 2015.
Career
Jalloh's work has been included in exhibitions including "After Hours: Soul of A Nation" (2015) at Tate Modern, London (featuring her commission Familiar Faces); "Celebration of African Female Photographers" (2018) at Nubuke Foundation, Accra, Ghana; "No Place Like Home" Friday Late (2019), V&A Museum, London (which exhibited her project "Love Story"); and "Bamako Encounters - African Biennale of Photography" (2019), Mali.
From October 2020 to September 2021, the Horniman Museum in London hosted the exhibition "An Ode To Afrosurrealism" comprising photographs by Jalloh and Hamed Maiye.
Jalloh has undertaken commissions from publications and organizations including Alexander McQueen. In the area of music, she has portrayed artists including Zara McFarlane, Yussef Kamaal, Shabaka Hutchings, Little Simz, Freddie Gibbs, and Mr Eazi.
Jalloh's photograph of Selma Blair was the cover image of the May 2023 issue of Vogue Germany, the German edition of Vogue.
| 1.90625
| 0
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69964619
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopyrus%20squillarum
|
Bopyrus squillarum
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Bopyrus squillarum is an isopod parasite of the infraorder Epicaridea. As such, B. squillarum is an ectoparasite, feeding off crustaceans hemolymph. This parasite is specific to common prawns (Palaemon serratus), but can rarely be found on other species of the genus Palaemon such as P. elegans.
Distribution
Bopyrus squillarum can be found in marine habitats all along the northeast Atlantic coast as well as the north sea. The number of B. squillarum infections seem to vary over the years, as studies have shown infection rates ranging from 6.4% to 20.1% between 1969 and 2014 along the Irish coast.
Biology
During its planktonic larval stage, the young B. squillarum attaches to a young P. serratus and settles down in its branchial chamber. As the parasite and the prawn grow up, the parasite creates a bulge in the prawns carapace. The female B. squillarum is much bigger than the male and is the parasite that attaches to the host. The smaller male will attach itself to a female to breed. While present, B. squillarum will lead to a reduction in its hosts gonads and prevent the host's reproduction. The B. squillarum parasite has a shorter lifespan than its host, falling out of the branchial chamber of the prawn upon death.
| 2.890625
| 0
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69964722
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary%20chromosome
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Secondary chromosome
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The two hypotheses for the origins of chromids are the "plasmid" and "schism" hypotheses. According to the plasmid hypothesis, chromids originate from plasmids which have acquired core genes over evolutionary time and so stabilized in their respective lineages. According to the schism hypothesis, chromids as well as the main chromosome originate from a schism of a larger, earlier chromosome. The plasmid hypothesis is presently widely accepted, although there may be rare cases where large replicons originate from a chromosomal schism. One finding holds that chromids originated 45 times across bacterial phylogenies and were lost twice.
Discovery and classification
Discovery
Early in the era of bacterial genomics, the genomes of bacteria were thought to have a relatively simple architecture. All known bacteria had circular chromosomes containing all the crucial genes. Some bacteria had additional replicons known as plasmids, and plasmids were characteristically small, circular, and dispensable (meaning that they only encoded non-essential genes). As more bacteria and their genomes were studied, many alternative forms of bacterial genomic architecture began to be discovered. Linear chromosomes and linear plasmids were discovered in a number of species. Soon after, bacteria with several large replicons were discovered, leading to the view that bacteria, just like eukaryotes, can have a genome made up of more than one chromosome. The first example of this was Rhodobacter sphaeroides in 1989, but additional discoveries quickly followed with Brucella melitensis in 1993, Burkholderia cepacia complex in 1994, Rhizobium meliloti in 1995, Bacillus thuringiensis in 1996, and now about 10% of bacterial species are known to have large replicons that are separate from the main chromosome.
| 3.03125
| 0
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69964722
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary%20chromosome
|
Secondary chromosome
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Size and copy number
In a bacterial genome, the main chromosome will always be the largest replicon, followed by the chromid and then the plasmid. One exception to this trend is known in Deinococcus deserti VCD115, where both plasmids are larger than the chromid.
Chromids vary considerably in size between organisms. In the bacterial genus Vibrio, the main chromosome varies between 3.0 and 3.3 Mb whereas the chromid varies between 0.8 and 2.4 Mb in size. A replicon in a strain of Buchnera, which encodes some core genes, is only 7.8kb. While the presence of core genes may lead to the classification of this replicon as a chromid, this replicon may also be excluded on certain definitions. Some approaches only categorize certain replicons as chromids if they meet a threshold size of 350kb. It has also been observed that chromids tend to have a low copy number in the cell, as with chromosomes and megaplasmids. On average, chromids are twice as large as megaplasmids (and so the emergence of a chromid from a megaplasmid is associated with a sizable gene accumulation in the aftermath of the conversion). One of the largest chromids is the one in Burkholderia pseudomallei, which exceeds 3.1 million nucleotides in size, i.e. 3.1 megabases or 3.1 Mb.
Genomic features
Chromids more frequently have a lower G + C content compared with the main chromosome, although the strength of this association is not very strong. A chromid will also typically have a G + C content within 1% of that of the main chromosome, reflecting its nearing the base composition equilibrium of the main chromosome after having stably existed within a bacterial lineage for a necessary period of time. Chromids also resemble the main chromosome in their codon usage bias. One analysis found that chromids had a median 0.34% difference in GC content with the main chromosome, compared with values of 1.9% for megaplasmids and 2.8% for plasmids.
| 2.765625
| 0
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69964722
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary%20chromosome
|
Secondary chromosome
|
"Schism" and "plasmid" hypotheses
Several suggestions have been put forwards to explain the origins of chromids. The two main hypotheses are the "schism hypothesis" and the "plasmid hypothesis". According to the schism hypothesis, two separate bacterial chromosomes may arise through the splitting of one larger chromosome, resulting in a main and a secondary chromosome (or a chromid). However, due to the plasmid-type maintenance and replication systems in chromids as well as the uneven distribution of core genes between the main chromosome and the chromid, the plasmid hypothesis suggesting that chromids evolved from megaplasmids which acquired core genes is widely accepted. Once megaplasmids acquire core genes from the main chromosome, combined with the simultaneous loss of those core genes from the main chromosome, the plasmid becomes a stable and required element of the bacterial genome. (Megaplasmids may also acquire duplicate copies of core genes from the main chromosome. The existence of the duplicate core gene may degenerate on the main chromosome, leading to its sole presence on the newly formed chromid. In this case, the chromid is formed through a neutral transition.) This event also stabilizes the other genes located on the new chromid, which may result in a characteristic phenotype for the new lineage. These core genes can transfer to a megaplasmid through several means. One is homologous recombination between the main chromosome and the plasmid. It is also possible that an existing chromid could recombine with a plasmid to gain its replication system. Once a chromid appears in a lineage, it is stable over long evolutionary periods. Several bacteria genera have chromids which are characteristic to each genus. Whereas the chromids found in a single genus may universally share a large number of genes, there are no genes universally found across the chromids of different genera.
| 2.578125
| 0
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69964952
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kermackodon
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Kermackodon
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Kermackodon is a genus of extinct allotherian mammaliform, known from the Middle Jurassic of England. It combines features of multituberculates with those of euharamyidans. The remains of type species, K. multicuspis were collected from Kirtlington Quarry in Oxford, England, by a team lead from UCL led by Professor Kenneth Kermack after whom the taxon is named, from sediments of the Forest Marble Formation, dating to the Bathonian stage of the Middle Jurassic. The genus and species were named by Percy M. Butler and Jerry Hooker in 2005. The remains comprise a left upper molar (M2), a lower last premolar, initially considered a left but later considered more likely to be right (p4), and an incomplete non-last upper premolar (P3 or P4). A second species, K. oxfordensis, from Kirtlington and also sediments of the White Limestone Formation at Woodeaton Quarry was assigned to the genus in 2022, originally placed in the separate genus Eleutherodon. A 2020 study considered it to be more closely related to mutlituberculates than to euharamiyidans, while the 2022 study considered it to be a member of Euharamiyida.
| 2.21875
| 0
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69965051
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobi%20Bruce
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Tobi Bruce
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In 2014, after three years of research and two trips to Sweden and France, she curated her major retrospective and co-authored the book Into the Light: The Paintings of William Blair Bruce (1859–1906), to examine the artist from different viewpoints (indigenous included) to achieve diversity. In 2015, she co-curated The Artist Herself: Self-Portraits by historical Canadian women artists (2015) with Alicia Boutilier of the Agnes Etherington Art Centre. This exhibition expanded the genre's definition by using not only the human face but other art forms to explore self-representation. Her 2021 exhibition Tom Thomson: The Art of Authentication co-curated and authored again with Boutilier, established criteria to authenticate a work of art, taking as its focus the work of Tom Thomson and exhibiting possible Thomsons and known fakes to illustrate the help authentication can provide. The exhibition was called a "rewarding experience" as an examination of authentication and forgery in art, using Tom Thomson as case in point. The show was rated one of the best exhibitions of the season by the Art Institute of Canada because it gave insight into the extensive problem-solving that museum professionals undertake in tracing authenticity.
| 1.960938
| 0
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69965553
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okmulgee%20Public%20Library
|
Okmulgee Public Library
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The Okmulgee Public Library located at 218 S. Okmulgee Avenue in Okmulgee, Oklahoma is a functioning public library built in 1921, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 28, 1983.
History
The library was built on donated land, and the $75,000 cost of construction was financed by a bond issue. Building started in 1917, and was completed in 1921. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 28, 1983. The structure has many Georgian Revival architectural characteristics such as the projecting pavilion with minor pediment, large compound arched windows, Corinthian-like pilasters marking corners and divisions between windows, modillioned cornice, and frieze with multiple moldings. The Library was nominated based on both historical and architectural significance, because: (1) it was the first city library in Oklahoma to be constructed with funds derived from a municipal bond issue and (2) it is the best example of Georgian Revival design in Okmulgee County.
The Library is just outside the far southwest corner of the Okmulgee Downtown Historic District, itself NRHP-listed on December 17, 1992. The building continues to function as a public library.
| 2.3125
| 0
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69965622
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hine-no-sh%C5%8D
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Hine-no-shō
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The , also known as Hine-no-shō, was a vast shōen, or landed estate which existed in Izumi Province (present-day city of Izumisano, Osaka Prefecture) from the Kamakura period into the Sengoku period. In the year 1988, 14 sites connected with the Hine-no-shō forming a historical landscape were collectively designated a National Historic Site of Japan.This designation was expanded in 2005 with the addition of the ruins of Chōfuku-ji temple and again in 2013 with the addition of Tsuchimaru and Ameyama Castles. It is also a site designated under Japan Heritage.
Overview
The area of Hine-no-shō was undeveloped land upon which Mount Kōya twice (in 1205 and again in 1222) applied for permission to develop into an autonomous tax-free shōen, but even after permission was granted, the temple was unable to fulfill plans to develop the land. In 1234, the aristocrat Kujō Michiie applied to take over the territory, which extended from the coastal area near Osaka Bay to the foothills of the Izumi Mountains. The Kujō family already controlled many shōen which were existing estates which had been received through donation in order to attain tax-free status; however, this was a unique case where the Kujō family developed a new shōen. Initially, the estate extended over the four villages of Iriyamada, Hineno, Ihara, and Tsuruhara, but in the Muromachi period. the shugo of Izumi Province, the Hosokawa clan seized Ihara and Tsuruhara. The remaining two villages correspond to the modern Oki, Tsuchimaru, and Hineno neighborhoods of Izumisano and extend into the neighboring town of Kumatori. Kujō Masamoto, who was kampaku from 1476 to 1479 lived on the shōen from March 1501 to December 1504, leaving behind a detailed record of shrines, temples, irrigation ponds and the Hügelland landscape which form the basis of the National Historic Site Designation.
| 2.59375
| 0
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69965811
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9%20Mar%C3%ADa%20Arteaga
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José María Arteaga
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Arteaga was wounded and managed to save himself only thanks to the help of a friar who hid him in his cell. Several federal officers were taken prisoner, leaving the city in the hands of Mejía, whose troops sacked the city and a library recently founded by Arteaga was burnt to the ground. Mejía appointed Manuel Montes Navarrete as governor, which lasted a week until the approach of Manuel Doblado's army forced Mejía to leave the city and Arteaga was restored to his position.
To defend the 1857 Constitution against the Plan of Tacubaya, Arteaga organized a coalition of states with Jalisco, Guanajuato, Michoacán, Aguascalientes, Zacatecas, and Querétaro, which lasted until January 1858.
During the Reform War, Artega participated in Michoacán supporting the activity of Governor General Epitacio Huerta, promoting the manufacture of ammunition, cannons and military equipment. Due to his outstanding service he was granted citizenship of this State by a decree of September 22, 1859. From December 1860 to January 1862 he again was the Governor of Querétaro, during which time he restored the local congress.
General José María Arteaga was then the Chief of the Second Brigade of the Southern Division, under the command of General Diego Álvarez, and lived on his farm in Huetamo from where he oversaw both states. Beginning in May 1860, General Álvarez asked him to evict Colonel Juan Vélez, who had become a Conservative, from Cutzamala de Pinzón in Ajuchitlán. Vélez took refuge with his people in the Colony called "El pueblo españolizado de Tierra Caliente".
| 2.578125
| 0
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69965811
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9%20Mar%C3%ADa%20Arteaga
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José María Arteaga
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Cutzamala was made the capital of the Mina District to replace Ajuchitlán in 1850. When Colonel Juan Vélez arrived in Cutzamala, he placed men in the nave of the monumental church and its tower, keeping tortilla chips and salted meat in the attached former convent. General Arteaga arrived in Cutzamala on May 7 at 8 in the morning, coming from Tlacotepec and Tlalchapa with two thousand infantry. As he was en route to the El Barco neighborhood he was attacked by a column from Vélez, but the Conservatives retreated to the town.
Arteaga laid siege to Cutzamala in the afternoon of that day, but since the church was an authentic fortress on top of a large hill, he could not dislodge it and therefore maintained the siege for many days. On June 1, 1860, the First Brigade commanded by Governor General Vicente Jiménez and the 3rd Brigade of the Southern Division with General Diego Álvarez arrived in Cutzamala to support him, making a total of 4,500 Liberal infantry. After 45 days of bitter fighting, on the afternoon of June 21, and during a strong storm, Colonel Juan Vélez left the church at full gallop and headed north, accompanied by his officers, to cross the swollen Cutzamala River. Several died but Colonel Vélez managed to arrive at Nanchetitla.
The three Brigades that were besieging Cutzamala entered the town, capturing the church and taking 186 men prisoner, some were sent to the Acapulco fort and others shot behind the church. General Arteaga then entered the church "with his hat and boots on, insulting the families who had taken refuge there." That site was so important that President Benito Juárez was on the lookout according to three letters found in his archive. The victory marked the triumph of Liberalism in the South of the country.
| 2.484375
| 0
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69965862
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Sakai%20Lighthouse
|
Old Sakai Lighthouse
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is a wooden lighthouse located in Sakai-ku, Sakai Osaka Prefecture, Japan. It claims to be the oldest wooden lighthouse in Japan, and was designated a National Monument in 1972.
History
Sakai has been a major port city since the Sengoku period, and Edo Period records state that a lighthouse was first built at Sakai in 1689 as a donation by a city merchant. The lighthouse was rebuilt or relocated seven times during the Edo Period, due to changes in the geography of Sakai port due to sedimentation and urban development. After the Meiji restoration, the need for a new and more modern lighthouse was realized with increased commerce and due to the demands of western merchants. This was highlighted in January 1868, when US Admiral Henry H. Bell drowned in Osaka Bay while on a mission to force the Japanese government to open Hyōgo port to foreign trade.
The lighthouse at Sakai was completed in 1877 for use as a navigational sign for ships entering and leaving Sakai Port. The lighthouse was constructed with private funds raised by a Sakai merchant named Takayama Yasujiro and other local notables. The hexagonal wooden four-story structure is 11.3 meters tall and was designed by a British architect named Biggleston, with local masons and carpenters. The lamp was green and was fixed, with an oil lamp as the light source, and was imported from France. The lighthouse remained in use until January 29, 1968. It was preserved as one of the symbols of the city of Sakai.
The lighthouse is about a 15-minute walk from Sakai Station on the Nankai Electric Railway Nankai Main Line.
| 2.65625
| 0
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69965910
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%20v%20United%20States%20%282012%20Summer%20Olympics%29
|
Canada v United States (2012 Summer Olympics)
|
The U.S. had a chance to equalize early in the second half, as a 51st-minute cross from Morgan found Wambach, whose volley attempt went over the goal. Shortly afterward, the U.S. won a corner kick, which was taken by Rapinoe. She made the ball curl so hard that it bounced into the net along the near post to level the score at 1–1. Rapinoe's corner kick goal – known as an "Olympico" or "Olympic goal" – was the first in the history of Olympic soccer. Following the 54th-minute goal, the U.S. continued to put pressure on the Canada defense. In the 60th minute, Canada's Desiree Scott was shown a yellow card for a foul she committed to halt a U.S. attack. Having ceded control of the game for much of the second half, Canada earned a corner kick in the 67th minute. Diana Matheson's effort found Sinclair, who beat the U.S. defenders to the ball and fired a strong header into the corner of the goal. Her second goal of the game gave Canada the lead back. Three minutes later, the U.S. countered. A long pass from the left side of the field by Kelley O'Hara found Rapinoe on the right. Her attempt from outside the 18-yard box struck the far post and went into the net for her second goal, making the score 2–2. Shortly afterwards, Canada earned another corner in the 73rd minute, which was taken by Tancredi. Once again, the corner kick reached Sinclair, who beat two defenders and fired a header to the far post that completed a hat-trick.
| 2
| 0
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69966152
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan%20Safir
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Nathan Safir
|
Nathan Safir (1913 or July 14, 1914 – September 7, 1996) was an American radio executive and broadcaster who was active in the development of Spanish-language radio in the United States after the Second World War.
Early life
Safir was born to Russian parents in Connecticut, but was raised in Monterrey, Mexico, and attended the University of Texas at Austin, graduating with a bachelor's degree in journalism. He did not speak English at the age of 12 and was sent to be educated at the Texas Military Institute. Safir's first job after graduation was with the Laredo Times newspaper; he then became the assistant news editor for station WOAI in San Antonio before moving to competing station KABC. He started what was said to be the city's first Spanish-language radio program at station KTSA in 1940.
Later life
After serving in the infantry in World War II (during which time he hosted Spanish-language shows for Armed Forces Radio in London), Safir became a pioneer in Spanish-language broadcasting in San Antonio, helping to develop KCOR (1350 AM), an all-Spanish radio station in San Antonio started in 1946 by Raúl Cortez. Station development was slow: by 1954, there were just ten Spanish-language radio stations in the country, and people sometimes thought the station broadcast directly from Mexico. Safir would also serve three years as general manager of KCOR's television expansion, KCOR-TV (later KWEX-TV), as well as 44 years as general manager of the radio station, retiring in 1990. During his time at the station, he was said to oversee "the whole ball of wax", from programming to community involvement.
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69966174
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charleston%2C%20Illinois%2C%20minor%20league%20baseball%20history
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Charleston, Illinois, minor league baseball history
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The Kitty League was unable to reorganize for the 1907 season and the Mattoon City Railway Company relinquished ownership of the team to stock companies as efforts to join the new Eastern Illinois League began. The Mattoon–Charleston Canary's management felt that the joint Mattoon-Charleston the team had not drawn well in 1906 due to the merger of the two towns. It was decided to separate and form two teams. Urban Park field was turned over to a Charleston–only team and the baseball equipment was given to a new stock company in Mattoon, for their Mattoon Ball Club. Mattoon and Charleston then created separate teams for 1907.
With the Kentucky–Illinois–Tennessee League folded, the Charleston Broom Corn Cutters became charter members of the 1907 Eastern Illinois League, which began play as a six–team Class D level league. The Centralia White Stockings, Mattoon Giants, Pana Coal Miners, Shelbyville Queen Citys and Taylorville Tailors joined Charleston in the league.
Charleston finished the 1907 Eastern Illinois League standings in second place after beginning league play on May 12, 1907. The Broom Corn Cutters finished the 1907 season with a 71–49 record to place second in the league standings, playing under manager Nig Langdon. Charleston finished 4.0 games behind their new rival, the first place Mattoon Giants. Charleston's Andy Lotshaw led the league in home runs, with 10 and Bill Bartley led the league in Runs, with 51.
On May 22, 1907, Tug Wilson and Dougal McDonald of Charleston pitched a combined no-hitter in a game against the Taylorville Tailors in a 1–0 loss.
It was reported by the Associated Press that the league teams in Charleston, Mattoon, Pana and Paris were supported, “In great part from saloon interests.”
| 1.953125
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69966435
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Hitchiti
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USS Hitchiti
|
1948–1956
Recommissioned at Alameda, California on 3 January 1951, amid the Korean War. Hitchiti joined the fleet in Jananese waters on 21 April to participate in operations off the Korean coast. Escort duties alternated with salvage operations along the war-torn peninsula until she returned to Pearl Harbor on 5 February 1952.
Hitchiti participated in towing and salvage work at Pearl Harbor and along the California coast until sailing for Alaskan waters on 23 March 1954. Her 7-month tour in the north was followed by further duty in Hawaii and off the West Coast until she returned for a brief tour in September 1955.
Hitchiti sailed for Sasebo, Japan on 22 May 1956, to begin her first Western Pacific cruise. This and six subsequent cruises took her to Hong Kong, Guam, Okinawa, and the Philippines for towing and salvage as well as tactical training.
1956–1967
Hitchiti's Western Pacific deployments, interspersed with duty at Pearl Harbor and off the California coast, were varied by visits to Mexico in 1959 and 1961 as well as a third cruise to Alaskan waters from 21 October 1960 until 14 January 1961. From 19 September to 14 November 1962, the veteran fleet tug participated in U.S. nuclear testing at Johnston Island in the Pacific. All of 1963 was spent serving the fleet in Hawaiian waters. On 26 October, Hitchiti freed Hai Fu off Honolulu after the Chinese merchant ship had grounded.
Hitchiti joined the 7th Fleet on 18 May 1964 and operated off Vietnam, during the Vietnam War. She once again returned to Pearl Harbor on 7 October for a brief refitting. From 25 January 1965 to 23 March, Hitchiti made a birdlife study on South Pacific islands for the Smithsonian Institution. She once again joined the 7th Fleet off Vietnam 25 October and operated in the war zone until 12 April 1966. Hitchiti arrived back at Pearl Harbor on 27 April having 9,000 miles of towing and four salvage operations to her credit during the deployment. She then operated in Hawaiian waters into 1967.
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78892066
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian%20Council%20for%20Foreign%20Affairs
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Egyptian Council for Foreign Affairs
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The Egyptian Council for Foreign Affairs (ECFA) is a non-governmental organization (NGO) based in Cairo, Egypt. Established in 1999, the ECFA aims to promote understanding and dialogue on foreign policy issues and international relations, serving as a forum for researchers, academics, diplomats, and policymakers. Its activities focus on enhancing Egypt's role in regional and global contexts while fostering cooperation and exchange of ideas among various stakeholders.
Structure and membership
The ECFA is governed by a board of directors composed of prominent Egyptian scholars, former diplomats, and public figures with extensive experience in foreign affairs. Membership is open to individuals and organizations interested in foreign policy and international relations.
Activities and initiatives
The ECFA engages in a variety of activities to fulfill its mission:
Conferences and Workshops: Hosting events that bring together experts to discuss pressing international issues, including regional conflicts, economic integration, and climate change.
Publications: Publishing research papers, policy briefs, and books on topics such as diplomacy, security, and economic development.
Engagement with International Organizations: Collaborating with global and regional entities to strengthen ties and foster mutual understanding.
Youth Empowerment: Encouraging young people to engage in discussions on foreign affairs through dedicated programs and training sessions.
| 2.28125
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78892792
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coinage%20of%20Luceria
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Coinage of Luceria
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Coinage of Luceria concerns the coins issued in Luceria, a city in Daunia (today's Lucera), after the Romans established a colony.
The city minted coins in the period between about 275 B.C. and the Second Punic War.
Roman coins were later minted in the city in two periods: 214-212 BC and in 211-208 BC.
Luceria's coins are part of the set of those issued by colonies and allies of Rome in ancient Apulia; after the Second Punic War Luceria, like most centers in now Roman Italy, no longer minted its own coins and adopted Roman coinage, centered on the denarius.
Traditionally numismatists treat the coins of Luceria as part of Greek coinage. Roman coins minted in Luceria, however, are considered Roman coins.
Numismatics
There are some specific works on the coins of Luceria. The first is a text written in 1846 under the title Le monete attribuite alla zecca dell'antica città di Luceria, whose author is Gennaro Riccio, a scholar of the time who published several other works including Le monete delle antiche famiglie di Roma, on the coins of the Roman republic.
Another monograph was presented in 1906 in Corolla numismatica, a series of numismatic essays dedicated to Barclay Vincent Head. The author was Herbert Appold Grueber, author of several numismatic essays.
In 1993, at a conference held in Lucera, entitled Ancient Lucera: the Pre-Roman and Roman Ages, Aldo Siciliano reported on “The Coinage of Luceria.” However, his talk is not in the Proceedings of the Historical Studies Conference, published by Crsec in 2001.
Cataloging
Although several works deal with the subject, these are not used to catalog coins.
For cast coins, texts specific to this coin type are used: : Aes Grave (1910, with 1967 reprint) and Vecchi: Italian Cast Coinage (2013). The coins pertaining to Luceria in the latter text are numbered 272 to 288.
| 2.6875
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78892792
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coinage%20of%20Luceria
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Coinage of Luceria
|
Fourth series
This series, cataloged as Crawford 99, is characterized by the presence of the letters , an archaic form of the Greek letter Π, i.e., pi in the Greek alphabet; it consists exclusively of bronze coins.
The series is divided into two groups. To the first group belong nine denominations ranging from the as to the half-as comprising, in addition to the standard values of Roman bronze coinage of the time, the dextant. The types of the coins are those already seen in the first series. The difference is in the legends, which feature the letter already seen, and in the average weight of the reference axis, which in this case is about 22.5 g.
The second group consists exclusively of an as, with Janus and a ship's prow. The coin has a weight of about 28 g and is separated from the others for this reason. Crawford speculates that the letter may represent the initials of the monetary magistrate.
Findings
Thompson et al. list a single treasure that includes coins from Luceria, denoted by the number 2046. It was found in 1854 at Campo Laurelli, “three miles north of Toro,” near Campobasso. The treasure is described in the 1855 Neapolitan Archaeological Bulletin. The find consists of 86 silver coins and 13 bronzes. The bronzes are 7 from Rome, of which 2 are cast and the others hammered, one comes from Arpi, also in Apulia, one from Teate, and three are unclassifiable. The coin from Luceria is an aes grave identified as a “triente”; it may be the quadrunx cataloged as HN Italy 671. The article describes all the coins found at the archaeological site without further specification.
The paucity of contextualized finds, only one coin in all, does not allow for information on dating and circulation.
Legends and epigraphy
The alphabet used is the Latin alphabet of the late 3rd century BCE: the letters U and L are rendered as V and .
The cast series are characterized by the presence of the letter alone, while the hammered series features the ethnic in the form oVCERI.
Weights
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78893062
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvonne%20Bezard
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Yvonne Bezard
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Yvonne Henriette Julie Bezard (8 December 1893 – 30 March 1939), was a French archivist and historian who worked at the National Archives of France. Her work was selected for prestigious awards, one from the Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres and two from the Académie Française.
Biography
Yvonne Bezard was born into an educated family in Angers (Maine-et-Loire) on 8 December 1893. After they moved to Versailles, her father became a long-time teacher at the Lycée Hoche. Bezard graduated in literature and earned a diploma in history and geography. After studying at the Sorbonne she presented research about the history of Versailles and her family ties to the city.
In 1923, Bezard entered the École des Chartes located in Paris and graduated third in her class in 1927, after she defended her thesis on Rural Life in the Josas Archdeaconry from the Hundred Years' War to the beginning of the Wars of Religion. Two years later, that thesis was reworked and finalized under a new title: La vie rurale dans le sud de la région parisienne de 1450 à 1560. At the same time, she published the Lettres du président de Brosses à Loppin de Gémeaux. With these two theses, she earned the title Doctor of Letters.
Soon after her thesis defense in 1930, she received significant awards. For Lettres du président de Brosses, Bezard received a Prix d'Académie from the Académie Française; for Vie Rurale, the Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres gave her one of its most sought-after awards, the first medal of the Antiquités Nationales.
Research
Bezard's publications were numerous and included many articles in the Review of Literary History of France and the Review of the History of Versailles and Seine-et-Oise. One of her research projects concerned the study of Burgundian family life in the 16th century; a detailed study of administrative and colonial history, which in 1933, earned her another award from the Académie Française, the Prix Jules Favre.
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78893571
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danel%20Olson
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Danel Olson
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Olson compiles books and articles on landmark films (Rosemary’s Baby, The Exorcist (film), The Shining (film), The Devil's Backbone, Batman Begins, The Dark Knight, The Dark Knight Rises, The Batman (film), Pan’s Labyrinth, and Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio), asking the movies’ cast, crew and film scholars why the films become iconic. Introduced by Academy Award winners including Guillermo del Toro and Pixar’s Lee Unkrich, his film books’ structure and style of investigation-from-the-inside-out led to the volumes being called by The Washington Post “a major contribution to film studies and scholarship.” On his collaborative book with Olson, Guillermo del Toro explained, “Sometimes I’m very pleased to find that people are reading the movies the way I consciously wrote them… Some of the essays are quite brilliant in terms of speaking about the movies in the context of social and historical war… examin[ing] tragic situations through a prism of childhood innocence and fear.” Anna Taborka agrees with del Toro's characterization, and describes Olson's tome on The Exorcist and all its prequels and sequels (at date of printing) to be largely interested in "discovering more about the social, historical, political, [and] economic contexts in which those films were made."
| 2.03125
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78893848
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingtianese%20diaspora
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Qingtianese diaspora
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The Qingtianese diaspora refers to the overseas Chinese and their descendants that are originated from Qingtian county, Zhejiang province, China.
Qingtian is renowned in China for its centuries-old diasporan communities, in which out of the county's 568,800 original inhabitants, as many as 381,000 of them are currently residing in 146 countries across the world, forming the bulk of Chinese populations in many countries, especially in European states such as Spain where they constitute over 80% of the entire Chinese community.
History
The history of Qiantianese diasporan communities could be traced back to late-Ming era and became established in the early days of the Republic of China, and the phase of its developments could be roughly divided into three stages.
Ming and Qing Era
Located in the hinterland of Southern Zhejiang, approximately 90% of Qingtian's territory is covered by hilly mountains, with more than 200 peaks that have an altitude of over 1,000 meters. The county's steep geographical terrain is thus vividly described by locals as: "nine mountains, half water, and half farmland (九山半水半分田)", and scarce arable land was what pushed its people to emigrate abroad". According to the 1935 English edition of the China Yearbook (中国年鉴):
| 2.625
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78893848
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingtianese%20diaspora
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Qingtianese diaspora
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With the end of the First World War, while workers from other parts of China had mostly returned back to their places of origin, one thousand labourers from Qingtian chose to stay. The size of Qingtian overseas Chinese reached its first climax during this period, with more than 30,000 people living in Europe and 42 other countries in the world.
Aside from Europe, Japan was also an ideal place for Qingtian people to earn a living in the early years of the Republic of China, due to its shorter distance and easier paperworks required. Demand for Chinese laborers surged with the booming of Japanese arms industry in the First World War, which in turn had attracted waves of immigrants from Wenzhou, Qingtian and other places to seek employment in Japan. However, the Chinese community was dealt with a devastating blow when a major earthquake rocked Japan in September 1-8th, 1923, which was ensued by a bloody massacre against the Koreans and Chinese residing in the country. Among the 716 Chinese civilians that were either killed, injured, or declared missing, 161 of which were workers and traders of Qingtianese origin.
Situation for Chinese immigrants deteriorated with straining policies implemented by the Japanese government, around two thousand Qingtianese and Wenzhounese migrants were forcibly repatriated, and applications of a thousand others to enter Japan were rejected between February to April, 1924. Immigration ceased almost entirely after Japan's invasion of Manchuria in 1931.
People's Republic and Present Era
Between 1949 and 1978, under the international context of the Cold War, the government of the People's Republic of China implemented extremely strict regulations on the entry and exit of its citizens. As a result, the process of applying for permission to leave the country was difficult, in which only 752 people from Qingtian county were allowed to go abroad during this period, and the movement of Qingtian expatriates at home and abroad was at one point stagnant.
| 2.765625
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78893854
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADa%20Mainero%20Berro
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Lía Mainero Berro
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Lía Mainero Berro (Montevideo, 1902 – 1964), known affectionately as Lita to her family and friends, was a prominent Uruguayan painter celebrated as an exponent of art naïf. Her deeply personal and imaginative works often explored themes of purity, innocence, and fantasy, setting her apart from the prevailing artistic trends of her time. Despite a life of privilege, she forged an independent artistic path, unconstrained by the conventions of her era.
Early life and background
Born in Montevideo in 1902 into a prominent and affluent family, Mainero Berro's upbringing reflected the liberal values of her environment. She was the descendant of historical figures such as Bernardo Prudencio Berro, a former Uruguayan president and poet, and Pedro Prudencio Berro, a Spanish patriot and early constitutionalist. These familial influences fostered a deep appreciation for art and culture in Mainero Berro from an early age.
Nicknamed "Lita," she grew up surrounded by governesses and private tutors, in line with the education afforded to young women of Uruguay's elite. Her introduction to painting was unconventional, as she started as an autodidact, later receiving formal training for a brief period under Professor Bazzurro at the Círculo de Bellas Artes.
Artistic vision and style
Mainero Berro's works embodied the art naïf style long before it gained recognition in Uruguay. She created her paintings from a place of deep emotion, often stating, "I paint what interests me and only when I feel it." Her canvases frequently depicted whimsical scenes of children at play, celestial beings, enchanted forests, and mythical creatures. Her use of vibrant yet harmonious colors and her deliberately simplistic forms imbued her work with an air of nostalgia and poetic grace.
| 2.25
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78893854
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADa%20Mainero%20Berro
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Lía Mainero Berro
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Her style was both celebrated and critiqued. Uruguayan art critic Eduardo Díaz Yepes praised her art as "expressions of a sensitive world, full of poetry and grace, given by a hand as wise as it is innocent, like that of a child." In contrast, influential critic Jorge Romero Brest noted that while her work conveyed meaning, her use of color lacked the necessary purity to fully express her intentions.
Her work also echoed satirical humanist traditions, drawing comparisons to Erasmus of Rotterdam's In Praise of Folly. Mainero Berro's art reflected an authenticity that stood in stark contrast to the cold formalism of contemporary artistic movements.
A 2016 documentary titled Frifinnelsen revisited her legacy, shedding light on her life and contributions to art. In addition, her family and various cultural institutions have preserved a wealth of archival materials, including photographs, exhibition catalogs, and critical essays.
Career highlights
Mainero Berro participated in several national and municipal exhibitions, gaining moderate critical acclaim. She also presented solo exhibitions, notably at Amigos del Arte in Montevideo and Galería Lirolay in Buenos Aires, where her work received support from established artists.
Her exhibitions often featured her signature oil paintings, which were praised for their literary qualities and evocative imagery. Critics highlighted her ability to conjure dreamlike settings imbued with emotional depth, describing her pieces as "pictorial poems" that captured the imagination.
| 2
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78893948
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alekhya%20Punjala
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Alekhya Punjala
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Alekhya Punjala is an Indian classical dancer, choreographer and dance teacher from Telangana. She is an exponent in Kuchipudi and Bharatanatyam. She has received the Ugadi Vishishtha Award and the Hamsa Award from the Andhra Pradesh government. She received the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for Kuchipudi in 2011. She has also been awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India.
Biography
Alekhya was born on April 9, 1962, in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. Her husband P. Vinay Kumar is a surgeon-gastroenterologist. They married in 1982 and the couple has two sons, Sashwath Punjala and Devansh Punjala.
Career
Alekhya Punjala is a Kuchipudi and Bharatanatyam dancer from Telangana. She began her dance studies at the age of four while studying in a Montessori school in Hyderabad, under Dayal Sharan, the dance teacher of the school. She said that Dayal intended to teach her Odissi and Kathak, but she became interested in Bharatanatyam and Kuchipudi. Later, she trained in Kuchipudi and Bharatanatyam under Uma Rama Rao, and in abhinaya (acting) under Guru Pashumarthi Krishnamurthy. She has been performing classical dance since her arangetram (first stage performance) in 1977, which was on the occasion of silver jubilee celebrations of the Indian National Theatre.
Alekhya holds a bachelor's degree in English literature, psychology, and philosophy, and a master's degree in dance (Bharatanatyam) from Osmania University, and master's in ancient Indian history, culture, and archaeology. Alekhya received her PhD for her study of the acting aspect of Kuchipudi dance, with title Kshetrayya Padams and their importance in Abhinaya in Kuchipudi Dance. She was a student at Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University and later became Professor and Head of the Department of Dance and then its first woman registrar. But later, to focus on teaching and performing, she took voluntary retirement from her position as registrar at the university.
| 2.015625
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78894080
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyal%20Khatun
|
Gyal Khatun
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Ali Senge Anchan let the Ladakhi king, Jamyang, go, but there was a condition. He said Jamyang had to marry his daughter, Gyal Khatun, and their son would be the next king of Ladakh. Because of this, Jamyang's two sons with his first wife, Queen Tsering, couldn't be rulers, and they had to leave Ladakh and go to Central Tibet.
Dowry and Wedding traditions
The Balti kings were known for giving big dowries when their princesses got married. The dowry included things they could move, like gold, silver, precious stones, jewelry, expensive clothes, swords, guns, and 12 sets of kitchen cutlery. You can still see Gyal Khatun's movable dowry at the Stok Palace Museum in Ladakh. They have the Queen’s decorated dress front and a necklace made of thirteen rows of silver beads. As part of the things they couldn't move, they also gave villages. According to local customs, a lot of Muslim maids, male helpers, and a group of Balti musicians (later called Kharmon or Royal Musicians) were sent to Ladakh as part of Gyal Khatun’s wedding party.
According to Balti traditions, King Jamyang might have needed to give gifts to his bride's parents. This tradition, called "khamital (Balti: ཁམི་ཏལ་)", means the boy's parents send gifts to the girl's parents. After this, the boy's parents should follow the tradition of "rintho" or "onarin, where the boy's parents should pay for the milk the girl drank when she was a baby. Once they pay with 24 tolas of gold and 24 goats, the wedding date is set. The Ladakhi Lamas welcomed Gyal Khatun as the Buddhist god of long life, the White Tara.
Succession as ruler
After King Jamyang Namgyal died, Gyal Khatun took over the government while her young son, Sengge Namgyal, grew up. She's famous for being Sengge Namgyal's mother. Sengge Namgyal was called the "Lion King of Ladakh". There's a famous ballad that tells the story of Sengge Namgyal's birth, when he was held by his mother, Gyal Khatun, also known as ZiZi:
Legacy
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78894918
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptilotus%20appendiculatus
|
Ptilotus appendiculatus
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Ptilotus appendiculatus is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae and is endemic to the north of Western Australia. It is a prostrate perennial herb with egg-shaped leaves and spikes of pink flowers.
Description
Ptilotus appendiculatus is a prostrate perennial herb that typically grows up to high. Its leaves are egg-shaped, long, wide and hairy. The flowers are borne in oval or cylindrical spikes long and wide, the flowers densely clustered. There are hairy bracts long and hairy bracteoles mostly long with a prominent midrib. The tepals are pink, the outer tepals long and the inner tepals long. There are two fertile stamens and three staminodes, the ovary is hairy and the style is long. Flowering occurs in July and August.
Taxonomy
Ptilotus appendiculatus was first formally described in 1959 by Gerhard Benl in the journal Muelleria from specimens collected on Globe Hill Station in 1905. The specific epithet (appendiculatus) means 'appendiculate', referring to the tips of the tepals.
Distribution
This species of Ptilotus grows in the Carnarvon, Gascoyne and Pilbara bioregions of northern Western Australia.
Conservation status
Ptilotus appendiculatus is listed as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
| 2.5625
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78894953
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge%20L%C3%B3pez%20Ruiz
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Jorge López Ruiz
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Jorge López Ruiz (1 April 1935 – 11 December 2018) was an Argentine jazz double bassist, cellist, pianist, composer and arranger.
Biography
López Ruiz was born in La Plata. His younger brother was guitarist, arranger and composer Oscar López Ruiz. After starting out on trumpet, he soon switched to double bass. In 1961 he released B.A. Jazz, his first album as leader, with a quintet featuring Gato Barbieri. On the recommendation of Astor Piazzolla, he studied harmony and composition for Alberto Ginastera in the mid-60's. In 1967 El grito was released, an orchestral jazz suite with López Ruiz as composer and arranger. Between 1967 and 1970, he was a musical director for CBS in Argentina, working with a number of successful Argentine pop artists, such as Sandro and Leonardo Favio. In 1968, he was part of pianist Enrique "Mono" Villegas' trio, together with drummer Osvaldo López.
In the early 70's, López Ruiz formed a free jazz quartet together with saxophonist Horacio "Chivo" Borraro. In 1971 he released the album Bronca Buenos Aires, where Borraro among others played. Both El grito and Bronca Buenos Aires were identified as reflecting a spirit of rebellion in face of the civil-military dictatorships that governed Argentina following the 1966 Argentine Revolution. As a consequence, both albums were subsequently banned and pulled from the shelves. López Ruiz's two following albums, De prepo (1972) and Viejas raices (1975), were influenced by jazz fusion. In 1978 he composed Un hombre de Buenos Aires for the city's 400th anniversary, featuring Dino Saluzzi on bandoneon, Pablo Ziegler on piano, Andrés Boiarsky on soprano saxophone, and Donna Caroll on vocals, among others.
| 2.203125
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78895104
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritanichthys
|
Mauritanichthys
|
Skull
Mauritanichthys had a skull similar to other redfieldiiforms with rectangular dermosphenotic and dermopterotic bones with the dermosphenotic and multiple infraorbitals making up parts of the orbit. Along with those bones, the adnasal forms the front of the orbits. The postrostral is small is flanked by the nasal bones. Like a number of other redfieldiiforms, Mauritanichthys had a number of tubercles on the front of the skull. The maxilla slender though increases in height below the preopercle and contains a set of large teeth. The opercular region is made up of the operculum and suboperculum with the these bones being a little taller than they are wide. Just like other members of the group, the branchiostegal elements are reduced with only one being present.
Postcrania
Mauritanichthys had a tall body, with the tallest section being right behind the head. The squamation was made of at least 40 rows, made up of 16-17 scales each depending on the part of the body. The pectoral fins were made up of seven to eight unsegmented rays and a pair of fringing fulcra. The only other fin to be preserved would be the pelvic fins which were made up of seven to eight rays that, unlike the pectoral fins, were segmented.
Classification
The relationship between Mauritanichthys and Lasalichthys had been suggested from the original description due to the extreme similarities in the skulls. Even with this, the interrelationships of the group were not expanded upon until Schaffer (1984) where this relationship was confirmed along with the their relation to other members of the group described at the time. Shown below is the phylogenic tree from said paper.
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78895170
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA%20photoionization
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DNA photoionization
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High-energy photoionization
The first experiments were reported in the 1990s using excitation at 193 nm. The quantum yields determined for the nucleobases at this wavelength amount to a few percent. In agreement with the later studies performed by photoelectron spectroscopy, the Φ found for genomic DNA is the linear combination of the quantum yield values of the individual nucleobases, in agreement with the findings of the photoelectron spectroscopy.
Low-energy photoionization
The first studies on low-energy photoionization, occurring at wavelengths for which the photon energy is significantly smaller compared to the lowest ionization potential of DNA, were reported back in 2005 (G-Quadruplexes at 308 nm) and 2006 (single and double strands at 266 nm). But this unexpected phenomenon started to be studied in a systematic way only ten years later. To that effect, specific protocols regarding the purity of the nucleic acids and the ingredients of the aqueous solution as well as the intensity of the exciting laser pulses were established.
In contrast to the high-energy, low-energy photoionization strongly depends on the secondary DNA structure. It is not observed for mononucleosides, mononucleotides or purely stacked single strands (Φ<0.5x10−4). The quantum yields determined for duplexes fall in the range of (1-2)x10−3 while the highest Φ values, up to 1.4x10−2, have been detected for G-Quadruplexes. The photonization quantum yield determined for genomic DNA is similar to that reported for the formation of bipyrimidine photoproducts.
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78895456
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozegna%20Castle
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Ozegna Castle
|
Ozegna Castle () is a castle located in Ozegna, Piedmont, Italy.
History
The castle is first mentioned in 1363 by Pietro Avario in his De Bello Canepiciano. During this period, Ozegna was under the jurisdiction of the Counts of Biandrate di San Giorgio, who governed the area through enfeoffment by the Marquises of Monferrato between 1244 and 1366. The castle was built in the second half of the 14th century. The inhabitants of Ozegna, seeking protection, pledged their loyalty to the Counts of Biandrate, who agreed to their act of devotion on the condition that they construct a fortified structure for the counts' use within the peremeter of the pre-existing ricetto. However, the castle's intended quadrangular design remained incomplete, with the southern and western sides unfinished.
In 1433, the partially built castle fell to Savoyard troops led by Teobaldo d’Avanchy, who later received its fief by the House of Savoy.
Description
The castle features an L-shaped layout with three quadrangular towers on the northern side and a rounded tower on the southern side. Its courtyard is characterized by a Renaissance-style loggia.
Gallery
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| 0
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78895562
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-Methyltryptamine
|
5-Methyltryptamine
|
5-Methyltryptamine (5-MeT, 5-Me-T) is a non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and serotonin releasing agent of the tryptamine family that has been used in scientific research. It is related to other 5-substituted tryptamines such as serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) and 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MeO-T). The compound is also a positional isomer of N-methyltryptamine (NMT).
Pharmacology
5-MeT is known to act as a potent serotonin 5-HT2A receptor full agonist, with an of 6.00nM and an of 100%. In addition, it is known to be a ligand of the serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2B receptors and an agonist of the serotonin 5-HT1D and 5-HT2C receptors. Similarly to tryptamine and 5-MeO-T, but in contrast to serotonin, 5-MeT shows very low potency as an agonist of the serotonin 5-HT3 receptor ( = 60,000nM).
In addition to acting as an agonist of various serotonin receptors, 5-MeT is a monoamine releasing agent (MRA), with high selectivity for induction of serotonin release over induction of dopamine and norepinephrine release ( = 139nM, >10,000nM, and >10,000nM, respectively, in rat brain synaptosomes). However, its potency for induction of serotonin release in this system is 23-fold lower than its potency as a serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist.
Tryptamines without substitutions at the amine or alpha carbon, such as tryptamine, serotonin, and 5-MeO-T, are known to be very rapidly metabolized and thereby inactivated by monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) in vivo and to have very short elimination half-lives. However, given intravenously at sufficiently high doses, tryptamine is still known to be able to produce weak and short-lived serotonergic psychedelic effects in humans.
Chemistry
The predicted log P of 5-MeT is 1.84 to 1.9.
| 2.625
| 0
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78895909
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoplotus
|
Protoplotus
|
Protoplotus (meaning "original Plotus") is an extinct genus of waterbird that inhabited Indonesia during the early-mid Cenozoic, most likely during the Eocene. It contains a single species, P. beauforti (named after Lieven Ferdinand de Beaufort) known from a largely complete, well-preserved skeleton from the Sangkarewang Formation of Indonesia. It is the only member of the family Protoplotidae and, depending on age, one of the earliest known Suliformes.
Protoplotus was a rather small waterbird that inhabited the freshwater rift lake where the Sangkarewang Formation would be deposited. It closely resembled and likely had a similar lifestyle to modern cormorants and darters, and for a while was considered to belong to the Anhingidae. However, more recent studies have found it to be distinct from both, and it is now placed in its own family, which is though to be related to both cormorants and anhingas.
Uniquely, the single fossil skeleton of Protoplotus preserves gastroliths. This suggests that it may have seasonally switched its diet from fish to fruit.
| 2.953125
| 0
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78895995
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyblock
|
Skyblock
|
Skyblock is a minigame in the sandbox video game Minecraft. The original minigame consists of a small island floating in the air, on which a player must survive on, although the gameplay and rules may vary. It was originally created by a user going by the name Noobcrew in 2011, and subsequently published to minecraftforum.
Gameplay
The original Skyblock consists of a small island floating in the air. The player must survive on the island, with the goal of expanding the island, get food, and continuing to survive.
History
Variations of Skyblock were added to several servers, such as Hypixel, the most popular server in the game.
Clones
Similar clones of the minigame were created in other video games.
In 2020, Skyblock was created as game in Roblox, developed by Blockman Go, which become among the most popular games on the platform, with over 75,000 players. After a DMCA request, however, the game was shut down due to copyright issues. The developer had changed the game's name to "Islands" to avoid this, but to no avail.
| 2.171875
| 0
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78896163
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylalaninol
|
Phenylalaninol
|
Phenylalaninol (code name PAL-329), or DL-phenylalaninol, also known as phenylmethylethanolamine or as α-(hydroxymethyl)phenethylamine, is a psychostimulant and monoamine releasing agent (MRA) of the phenethylamine family. It is related to the amino acid phenylalanine and to the phenethylamine psychostimulants β-phenethylamine (phenylethylamine) and amphetamine (α-methylphenethylamine).
D-Phenylalanine is a psychostimulant and selective norepinephrine releasing agent (NRA) or norepinephrine-preferring norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (NDRA). The values of D-phenylalanine for monoamine release are 106nM for norepinephrine, 1,355nM for dopamine, and >10,000nM for serotonin in rat brain synaptosomes. It is dramatically less potent as an MRA than phenethylamine or amphetamine. The potency of D-phenylalaninol in inducing norepinephrine release is 13-fold higher than its potency in inducing dopamine release. Similarly to other dopamine releasers like amphetamine, the drug shows cocaine-like effects and reinforcing properties in rhesus monkeys. The much greater potency of D-phenylalanine in inducing norepinephrine over inducing dopamine release does not appear to interfere with its dopamine release-mediated reinforcing effects.
The clinically used stimulant, wakefulness-promoting agent, and well-balanced norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) solriamfetol (brand name Sunosi; O-carbamoyl-D-phenylalaninol) is a derivative of phenylalaninol with a carbamoyl substitution at the hydroxyl group of the molecule. Phenylalaninol is a known impurity in chemical synthesis of solriamfetol.
The predicted log P of phenylalaninol is 0.7 to 0.77 and hence it is relatively hydrophilic. The compound appears to be actively transported in the body by some of the same transporters that transport phenylalanine, such as LAT3.
| 2.109375
| 0
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78896458
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavriil%20Ksenofontov
|
Gavriil Ksenofontov
|
Gavriil Vasilyevich Ksenofontov ( — 28 August 1938) was a Yakutian historian, politician and lawyer who studied the history, ethnography and folklore of the Yakut, Evenki and Buryat peoples. He also served in the Russian Constituent Assembly and the Siberian Regional Duma during the Russian Revolution.
Biography
Gavriil Ksenofontov was born on January 4 (16), 1888 in the Tiit Aryy, 4th Malzhagarsky nasleg, West Kangalassky ulus of Yakutia. He was the son of the head of the trading post, and had many brothers and sisters, among them Pavel Ksenofontov, a leader of the anti-Bolshevik movement during the Russian Civil War.
In 1907, he graduated from the Yakutsk Real School. He received his education at the Law Faculty of Imperial Tomsk University, from which he graduated in 1912. From 1913 to 1917 he worked as a lawyer in Yakutsk. He served on the regional Public Safety Committee and the regional zemstvo council. Ksenofontov was one of the founders of the "Yakutsk Labor Union of Federalists" that emerged on June 25, 1917, from which he was elected to the All-Russian Constituent Assembly. After the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly, he was included in the Siberian Regional Duma.
From 1920 to 1923 he worked as an employee of the Irkutsk State University, where he was supervised by Bernhard Eduardovich Petri. Collecting materials for his research, he undertook a number of expeditions:
1921 - in the central regions of Yakutia;
1923-1924 - in the lower reaches of the Lena and Olenka;
1925-1926 - along a route that passed through Yakutsk, West Kangalassky ulus, Vilyuisky district, Chona, Erbogachen, Lower Tunguska, Krasnoyarsk, Khakassia, and Western Buryatia.
| 1.929688
| 0
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78896479
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imsharria
|
Imsharria
|
Imsharria is a fungal genus in the family Lecideaceae. It comprises the single species Imsharria orangei, a rare saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen. Endemic to the Falkland Islands, the lichen can be recognised by its sunken brown apothecia (fruiting bodies) and grey thallus with its distinctive paler margin. It is usually found on or near mountain summits, particularly in areas of broken rock (stone runs) and sparsely vegetated rocky ground (feldmark).
Taxonomy
Imsharria is a monospecific genus of crustose lichen in the family Lecideaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 2024 by Alan M. Fryday and Ulrike Ruprecht, with I. orangei designated as the type species. The genus was named to commemorate the lichenologists Henry Imshaug and Richard Harris, who conducted extensive lichen collecting work in the Falkland Islands during the austral summer of 1968–1969. The species epithet honours the British lichenologist Alan Orange, who also visited the islands and studied the lichen funga there.
The genus is distinguished from other members of Lecideaceae by several key characteristics:
Porpidia-type asci
Hyaline (translucent)
, thick-walled
fruiting bodies (apothecia)
A distinct phylogenetic position based on nrITS and mtSSU molecular markers
Initially, specimens of this genus were provisionally assigned to the South African genus Schizodiscus, as both genera share features like Porpidia-type asci and an unpigmented hypothecium. However, molecular analysis showed only 75% sequence homology between Imsharria and Schizodiscus, indicating they are not closely related.
Phylogenetic studies place Imsharria as a distinct lineage that is basal to other major groups within Lecideaceae, separate from both Lecidea and Porpidia clades. The genus forms a well-supported independent branch in molecular analyses, confirming its status as a separate genus within the family.
Description
| 2.265625
| 0
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78896711
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portrait%20of%20Prince%20Leopold
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Portrait of Prince Leopold
|
Portrait of Prince Leopold is an 1821 portrait painting by the British artist Sir Thomas Lawrence depicting Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, who later became the first King of Belgium.
Leopold had been married to the prospective heir to the British throne Princess Charlotte of Wales from 1816 until her death in childbirth the following year. His sister Victoria also married into the British royal family and through her he was uncle to the future Queen Victoria as well as a brother-in-law to George IV and William IV. In 1831 following the Belgian Revolution, Leopold became their sovereign with British and French backing.
Lawrence produced the painting in 1821 (having previously painted Leopold's wife Charlotte in 1817). He shows Leopold, then a widower and prominent figure in British society, in the robes of the Order of the Garter and holding a field marshal's baton. In 1841 Leopold, now King of Belgium, presented the painting to his nephew Prince Albert who was married to the young Queen Victoria. The couple decided to place it in the Waterloo Chamber at Windsor Castle. In this it differed from most of the other portraits in the Chamber which were specifically commissioned from Lawrence by the Prince Regent, to depict senior members of the Allied coalition that defeated Napoleon between 1813 and 1815.
Leopold had himself served as a colonel of cavalry in the Imperial Russian Army which was why Albert and Victoria chose to place it in the Waterloo Chamber. It remains in the Royal Collection at Windsor today.
| 2.75
| 0
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78896951
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral%20Mission%20Ship%20Batch%202%20%28Malaysia%29
|
Littoral Mission Ship Batch 2 (Malaysia)
|
Littoral Mission Ship Batch 2 or LMSB2 is a corvette type warship based on Ada-class corvette which is this acquisition program carried out by Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN) to fulfill the 15 to 5 fleet modernization program. The LMSB2 program is a continuation of the Littoral Mission Ship Batch 1 or LMSB1 program which saw the arrival of Keris-class littoral mission ship into RMN's inventory.
Development
Under the 15 to 5 program, RMN listed Littoral Mission Ship (LMS) as part of the ship type in fleet modernization. This LMS ship is a small ship of the corvette or offshore patrol vessel that is capable of performing three-dimensional warfare tasks through the weapons module selected to be equipped to the ship.
At the beginning of this procurement program, RMN has chosen the Keris-class ships made in China as the first batch. However, with the limited size and armament of this class of ships, RMN decided to acquire a different ship for the second batch. Among the companies that offer their products are HD Hyundai Heavy Industries with HDC 2000, Fincantieri with FCX, Damen Group with Sigma, Dearsan with C92 and STM with Ada.
In 2024, Malaysia chose Ada-class corvette as a based design for its LMSB2.
Ships of the class
| 1.9375
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78897689
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California%20Social%20Housing%20Act
|
California Social Housing Act
|
Newsom vetoed AB 309 on October 7, 2023. In his veto message, Newsom cited his signature of SB 561 and AB 2233 to codify a 2019 executive order requiring the California Department of General Services to create a digitized inventory of excess state-owned properties and collaborate with the HCD and CalHFA to identify sites on state-owned parcels available for affordable housing. He also cited the potential cost of capital expenditures, and objected to the provision allowing local government review of proposed developments.
Later bills
The bill was reintroduced in its original 2022 form in 2024 (AB 2881) and was supported in the Assembly Committee on Housing and Community Development, but died in the Assembly Appropriations Committee. The bill was reintroduced in 2025 (AB 11).
Related legislation
Another bill, the Stable Affordable Housing Act of 2023 (SB 555, Wahab), was signed into law by Newsom on October 7, 2023. The law requires the Department of Housing and Community Development to complete a California Social Housing Study by December 31, 2026.
| 1.984375
| 0
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78897853
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudocalenia
|
Pseudocalenia
|
Pseudocalenia is a fungal genus in the family Gomphillaceae. It comprises the single species Pseudocalenia solorinoides, found in Costa Rica.
Taxonomy
Pseudocalenia was circumscribed in 2023 by Amanda Xavier-Leite, Marcela Cáceres, and Robert Lücking to accommodate the species Pseudocalenia solorinoides, which was previously classified in the genus Calenia. Molecular phylogenetics studies demonstrated that P. solorinoides was not closely related to true Calenia species, but instead showed closer affinities to the morphologically distinct genera Roselviria and Santricharia. The genus name alludes to its previous classification in Calenia.
While the immersed apothecial structure of Pseudocalenia bears superficial resemblance to some other species like Calenia bullatinoides and Bullatina aspidota, molecular evidence indicates these similarities evolved independently multiple times within the Gomphillaceae rather than indicating close relationships.
Description
Pseudocalenia is a foliicolous lichen, meaning it grows on living leaves. The fungal body (thallus) appears scattered or dispersed rather than forming a continuous coating, with distinctive swollen, bubble-like patches that rise up from the leaf surface. Unlike many related lichens, Pseudocalenia lacks the hair-like projections called sterile on its surface.
The reproductive structures (apothecia) are completely immersed within these raised thallus patches, giving them a sunken appearance. These structures lack a , with the surrounding thallus tissue effectively serving as their border. The comprises tightly packed, parallel fungal threads (hyphae) and appears colourless under the microscope.
| 2.28125
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78898389
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khondaker%20Abdullah%20Al%20Mamun
|
Khondaker Abdullah Al Mamun
|
Khondaker Abdullah Al Mamun (born- October 5, 1980) is a Bangladeshi academic, scientist, innovator, and entrepreneur specializing in digital health, artificial intelligence (AI), and biomedical engineering. He is the founder and director of the Advanced Intelligent Multidisciplinary Systems (AIMS) Lab and the Institute of Research, Innovation, Incubation, and Commercialization (IRIIC) at United International University (UIU), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Early Life and Education
Prof. Mamun attended the Secondary School Certificate Exam (SSC) from Nangalkot A.R. High School, Comilla, Bangladesh in 1995 and Higher Secondary School Certificate Exam (HSC) from Nanglakot H.M. Degree College, Comilla, Bangladesh in 1997.He obtained his BSc in Computer Science and Engineering from Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology (AUST), graduating first in his class in 2002. He earned his MSc in Computer Science and Engineering from Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) in 2007 and later completed his PhD in Computer Science and Medical Engineering at the University of Southampton, UK, in 2012. His postdoctoral research at the University of Toronto, Canada, focused on AI applications in health and biomedical engineering.
| 1.945313
| 0
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78898949
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnocalycium%20cabreraense
|
Gymnocalycium cabreraense
|
Gymnocalycium cabreraense is a species of cactus in the genus Gymnocalycium, endemic to Paraguay.
Description
Gymnocalycium cabreraense is a cactus that grows solitary, characterized by its flat, spherical body, which can reach a diameter of up to 12 centimeters and a height of 7 centimeters. The epidermis of the cactus is gray-green to blue-gray, and its top is slightly depressed. It has seven to eight straight ribs that are widest at the base and lack any prominent humps or transverse features. Each rib features five to seven needle-like spines that are stiff, typically bent towards the body, and measure between 10 to 17 millimeters in length. Mature plants may occasionally develop a central spine that can grow up to 13 millimeters long. The areoles, which are round to oval in shape, start off with a white woolly covering that eventually turns gray and becomes fragile.
The flowers of Gymnocalycium cabreraense are located at the top of the plant and measure about 6 centimeters long and 4 centimeters wide. They are primarily white with a purple throat, while the outer petals are pinkish-brown, and the stamens are purple-pink. The fruit is elliptical, turning bluish-red when ripe, and can grow up to 12 millimeters long and 9 millimeters wide. Each fruit contains approximately 300 to 500 seeds that are nearly spherical to slightly oval in shape.
Distribution
This cactus is commonly found in northwest Paraguay, specifically in the Alto Paraguay province on the rocky slopes of Cerro Cabrera at an elevation of 482 meters. It shares its habitat with companion plants such as Gymnocalycium mendozaense, Gymnocalycium pflanzii, Cleistocactus baumannii, Cereus hankeanus, Castellanosia caineana, and various Bromelia species.
Taxonomy
The species was first described in 2018 by Volker Schädlich, Carl August Ludwig Bercht, and Michael Melojer. The name "cabreraense" reflects its origin from Cerro Cabrera mountain.
| 2.34375
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78899094
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelma%20Feingold
|
Shelma Feingold
|
In London, Feingold married a young orphaned Christian woman named Elizabeth Colville in 1888. She had been adopted by Margaret Ellis Palmer (1845–1944), a wealthy public figure in her forties. Palmer became closely associated with Feingold and financed his construction and cultural ventures. From 1891 to 1895, Feingold, Colville, and Palmer lived in Paris, where Feingold published a multilingual journal reflecting the values of the British Israelites, titled La Vérité (“The Truth”). In the winter of 1895–1896, the trio immigrated to the Land of Israel.
His Activities in Jerusalem
In Jerusalem, Feingold became a wealthy merchant and gained recognition within the Jewish community. However, many viewed him with suspicion, both because of his religious views and his unusual personal relationships. While married to Elizabeth, who never appeared in public, he conducted his business openly accompanied by Palmer, an unmarried woman who lived with him and his wife. The prevailing suspicion was that he was a missionary.
Feingold’s efforts to gain favor with the community, such as opening a Sephardi study hall, partnering in the establishment of the Sephardi Old Age Home, or distributing matzah to the poor during Passover, were met with hostility and suspicion. In June 1896, a group of young men called "Bnei Yisrael" organized anti-missionary activities and broke the windows of his house one night. Despite his attempts, Feingold was denied a license to publish his newspaper.
| 2.578125
| 0
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78899094
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelma%20Feingold
|
Shelma Feingold
|
The house was a three-story structure. According to the Palestine Post, it featured 13 rooms on each floor - symbolizing the Tribes of Israel - shaped like the letter "L" and centered around an internal courtyard with a rose garden. Inscriptions on the building included "Shema Yisrael," a Star of David, and the verse "On your walls, O Jerusalem, I have set watchmen." The house served as both a residential and commercial hub, becoming a thriving economic center.
The second floor housed the first cinema in the Land of Israel, established in 1912. Starting in 1909, the building also hosted the "HaMitzpeh" printing press, which published numerous newspapers of the time, including those by Eliezer Ben-Yehuda.
Despite its prominence, the building acquired a negative reputation and was nicknamed "The Apostate’s House." In S. Y. Agnon’s novel Temol Shilshom (Only Yesterday), it is described as a place where devout Jews avoided living. Consequently, rents were low, and tenants were not required to pay a year in advance, as was customary in Jerusalem. Agnon housed his protagonist Yitzhak Kumer, a member of the Second Aliyah turned Haredi Jew, in the "Apostate’s House." Agnon described it as follows:
The entire building was occupied. Shops, warehouses, and cellars were below, with residential rooms above, their doors opening into the courtyard. A wrought-iron balcony encircled the upper floors like a closed "mem." Families, bachelors, and spinsters lived there, some with artistic or intellectual trades, others without a specific profession but ready for any enterprise. Among them were artists, writers, and those inclined toward the arts and literature. There were also milliners and seamstresses, whose hands busied with work while their hearts turned toward an undefined something. (S. Y. Agnon, Temol Shilshom (Only Yesterday), Schoken 1998, p. 201.)
| 2.109375
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78899763
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Maclear
|
Andrew Maclear
|
Andrew Maclear is an English photographer, screenwriter and documentalist.
Biography
He was born in Lewes (East Sussex) in 1950 and He grew up in rural England. He attended various regional schools, including Horncastle, the experimental free school in Sharpthorne as well as Hurstpierpoint College for a brief period before leaving his education uncompleted at sixteen.
Already interested in photography, he went to London and found a job as a messenger with a film production company where he eventually began training as an editor. He abandoned this and instead he took up photography in a non-professional capacity and began capturing the life of Sixties London, and the luminaries who occupied it. Untrained yet with an eye for composition, his images of London in this period have been seen extensively in magazines, newsprint and books and are represented by Getty Images. In his early twenties, Maclear developed an interest in documentary film making, inspired by his half-brother, Michael Maclear, a celebrated television journalist and Vietnam war correspondent. Andrew Maclear produced several documentaries including a profile of Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, the Swiss born psychologist who challenged and liberated the American perception toward death and the care of the dying.
| 2.125
| 0
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78899938
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eli%C5%A1ka%20%C5%98eh%C3%A1kov%C3%A1
|
Eliška Řeháková
|
Eliška Řeháková (20 January 1846 – 31 March 1916) was a Czech teacher, translator, journalist and suffragist. She was awarded the Civil Merit Cross of Austria-Hungary.
Life
Řeháková was born on 20 January 1846 in Prague, and was one of seven siblings, including her sister Anna Řeháková, who also became a teacher. Her parents were Václav Řehak, the owner of a grocer's shop, and Maria Řehaková-Zelenská, from Kutná Hora. In her youth, Řeháková was a member of the Society of Czech Girls, co-founded by Bohuslava Rajská, F. Amerlingová and Božena Němcová.
Řeháková worked as a teacher. From 1867 to 1870, she tutored of the daughters of František Štekl, a notary in Pelhřimov, before being appointed a temporary sub-teacher at the newly established girls' primary school in Čáslav. In 1873, she returned to Prague to teach at an elementary school, then was employed to teach grammar and history at the newly established Old Town Burgher School for Girls, the first burgher girls' school in Prague. She later became an executive of the first girls' grammar school in the Habsburg empire.
Řeháková's sister Anna was also a teacher and they often shared lodgings together and travelled abroad with each other. They both became members of the Association of Czech Female Teachers and the American Club of Czech Ladies.
Řeháková also translated texts from French and Italian.
She was awarded the Civil Merit Cross of Austria-Hungary.
Řeháková died on 31 March 1916 in Prague and was buried at the Olšany Cemetery. When her sister Anna died in 1937, she was interred with Eliška.
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78900106
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animals%20in%20the%20Ancient%20Near%20East
|
Animals in the Ancient Near East
|
Disposing of animals: hunting, fishing, and breeding
People obtain wild animals by hunting or fishing. These activities, which pre-date the Neolithic period, can be carried out by individuals or groups, working for themselves or for institutions such as the royal palace, in which case they constitute their profession. Unless they were in the latter case, hunters and fishermen have left very few traces, since large organizations are the main providers of our written sources. The Epic of Gilgamesh shows a hunter using traps to capture animals. But the hunters most often mentioned are kings, for whom this activity was highly valued, both as preparation for war and for symbolic reasons (see below). In any case, from the 4th millennium onwards, hunting became a secondary activity in the provision of food and was therefore neglected by large organizations. Ancient Near Eastern hunters were able to hunt a wide variety of wild animals. There is quite a lot of knowledge about the fishermen of the rivers and marshes of southern Mesopotamia towards the end of the 3rd millennium because the state controlled their activities: they were organized into groups supervised by a chief, who distributed subsistence rations to them. Mesopotamian texts from the 2nd millennium distinguish between fishermen who worked at sea, in the marshes, or inland. They could fish with lines and hooks, or with nets and creels.
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78900106
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animals%20in%20the%20Ancient%20Near%20East
|
Animals in the Ancient Near East
|
Sheep are by far the most widely raised animals because they require minimal food and can adapt to various climatic environments. Goats are less frequently mentioned in documentation but likely held significant importance. Cattle, though fewer in number, are probably more useful, as they not only provide large quantities of food (meat and milk) and hides but also represent a considerable labor force. They are the most financially valuable. Texts often distinguish between various types of animals within the same species based on their appearance or geographical origin, which implies specific traits. For example, there are mentions of fat-tailed sheep, mountain sheep, or "Amorite" sheep. Using the different characteristics of animals within the same species, breeders could engage in crossbreeding to enhance the qualities of the breeds.
Horse breeding was the area that received the most attention. This is due to the significant military value of the horse, which over time also acquired a prestige status, elevating it above other domesticated animals. The Kassites and Hurrians appear to have played a major role in developing the art of horse breeding from the middle of the 2nd millennium BC. Horse breeding gave rise to a specialized body of literature: hippiatric texts (focused on horse medicine) discovered in Ugarit, Syria, and training advice for properly raising horses provided by a Hurrian expert named Kikkuli, found in a Hittite text. Administrative records from other contemporary sites (such as Assur and Nippur) also reveal the extensive care devoted to horse breeding by the elites of the various kingdoms in the ancient Near East.
| 2.90625
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78900106
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animals%20in%20the%20Ancient%20Near%20East
|
Animals in the Ancient Near East
|
Humans raised and hunted animals to obtain materials for clothing, such as sheep’s wool, goat hair, and the hides of both domesticated and wild animals. Techniques were developed to process these raw materials, including tanning hides to produce leather and dyeing, sometimes using murex shellfish to create the prized purple color. These animal-derived materials provided an alternative to linen for making garments. Leather was also used to produce bags, skins for carrying liquids, animal harnesses, furniture components, and weaponry elements. Wool fibers and animal hair could be used to make ropes and threads. Animal fat found utility as a lubricant in various crafts, such as textiles, metallurgy, and cart-making. Manure served as a source of fuel and even in construction. Animal tendons were used in shoemaking, sewing, and even carpentry. Artists and craftsmen also worked with bone, shells, and ivory, which were valued materials for creating luxury items such as cosmetic boxes, statuette components, and furniture inlays. Ivory was sourced from animals like hippopotamuses, elephants, and even dugongs. Objects were also fashioned from the horns of goats, sheep, or gazelles, including containers.
Animals as Aids to Humans in Various Activities
Domesticated animals have often served as essential aids to humans in significant activities such as agriculture, transportation, hunting, and warfare. This role likely led ancient people to categorize animals into those that were productive and those that were not. The dog, being the first domesticated animal, was highly valuable for assisting humans in hunting, herding livestock, and guarding homes. Tamed birds of prey could also aid hunters, as depicted in certain texts and cylinder seals.
In agriculture, draft animals, primarily cattle and likely donkeys, were used to pull plows during tilling. These same animals were employed after harvest for threshing grain, helping to separate the ears from the grains.
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The Animal as a Symbolic "Object"
The bond formed between humans and animals led to a relationship that goes beyond mere utilitarian use, taking on a symbolic nature. Since prehistoric times, humans have turned animals into cultural objects. They became symbols of supernatural forces and means of communication with the divine world in various ritual acts. Certain taboos were also established, prohibiting specific interactions with certain animals. Intellectually, humans sought to classify the animal world and developed precise mental representations of animal characteristics. This explains the frequent presence of animals in art, typically driven by symbolic motivations.
Divine and Mythical Animals
Animals have been present in the religions of Near Eastern cultures since the Epipaleolithic and early Neolithic periods. The pillars of the Göbekli Tepe sanctuary bear depictions of wild animals (as animal domestication had not yet begun, except for dogs). In the early Neolithic period at sites like Çatal Höyük and Mureybet, buildings that likely served as sanctuaries contained bucrania—bovine skulls used for ritual purposes. According to J. Cauvin, the bull represented a male, fertile principle, complementing the mother goddess. However, there is no definitive evidence that animal deities were ever worshipped in ancient Near Eastern civilizations; only anthropomorphic gods and goddesses are historically confirmed.
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Another form of animal sacrifice for rituals was hepatoscopy—divination performed by reading the liver of lambs. Animal-based divination could also occur without sacrifice, such as interpreting the flight patterns of birds or, in Hittite regions, the movements of snakes. Animals are frequently mentioned in omen texts, especially when interpreting abnormalities found in newborns. In this way, animals served as intermediaries through which gods could send messages to humans.
Animals also played roles in rituals, notably for purification, in sealing alliances (for example, the bloody sacrifice of young donkeys often formalized diplomatic agreements during the Amorite period), or during burials, where they were interred alongside the deceased—commonly equines, but also dogs.
Exorcism rituals often involved animals when a substitute was needed to carry the threat away from a human. The animal would take on the affliction and then be sacrificed, thus removing the threat (sometimes burned or buried). Alternatively, the animal could absorb the evil and then be released far away, symbolizing the human’s purification—a practice akin to the "scapegoat" ritual. In Mesopotamia, goats were preferred for these rituals, along with less commonly sacrificed animals such as pigs, dogs, birds, and fish.
Sometimes, the substitute animal was even dressed in women’s clothing to more fully embody the person needing healing. In the common analogical magic rituals of the Hatti, where threats to a person were addressed using vivid comparisons, animals were also referenced in incantations, even if they were not physically present.
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Animal representations also served protective (apotropaic) and healing roles: talismans, amulets, guardian beasts at gates, the "bronze serpents" of ancient Israel, and dog figurines dedicated to the healing goddess Gula (of whom dogs were symbols) in Mesopotamia. These symbolic animal representations typically featured creatures most associated with divine forces: primarily lions and bulls, but also snakes and various mythical creatures ("sphinxes", "griffins", and "winged bulls"). Monumental statues of winged, human-headed bulls and lions—known as šēdu and lamassu—guarded the entrances of Assyrian palace capitals and certain internal passageways. These figures were believed to possess mystical power (puluhtu) that would terrify malevolent forces and provide magical protection for the structure.
In more complex scenes, animals were depicted interacting directly with humans, reflecting societal and political concepts. Numerous scenes show men (kings or mythological heroes) mastering or killing animals in combat and hunting scenarios, from the "Master of Animals" motif on prehistoric Iranian seals to Neo-Assyrian and Persian kings hunting wild animals on orthostats and cylinder seals. Other scenes, common during the Uruk period, depict rulers or warriors feeding or leading animals. These images emphasized the sovereign figure's ability to dominate and organize the animal world, reflecting the recurring image of the king as a "shepherd" guiding his people, likened to a flock. The animals depicted here are diverse: wild animals, sometimes mythical ones, and domestic animals (especially caprines and bovines).
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One case has been particularly studied: that of pigs and the suidae family in general. Domesticated alongside other domestic animals since the 9th millennium BC, solely for food consumption, pigs are often depicted in iconography, as are wild boars, which were hunted. From the end of the 2nd millennium BC, pigs mentioned in Babylonian omen texts are always harbingers of bad news. Gradually, these animals came to be seen as impure and even foolish. In the southern Levant, pigs seem to have disappeared during the second half of the 2nd millennium BC, as there is no trace of them in archaeological sites. The Hebrew Bible ultimately forbids the consumption of this animal (Leviticus 11 and Deuteronomy 14): this prohibition is religious and part of a broader set of rules specifying which animals can and cannot be eaten.
Although pigs were still present in Mesopotamia during the Neo-Assyrian period (911–609 BC), they disappeared from Mesopotamian records in the Neo-Babylonian period (624–539 BC). This phenomenon remains poorly understood. In the case of the Hebrews, this may have been a way to distinguish themselves from neighboring enemy peoples, notably the Philistines, who consumed large quantities of pork. Pigs have always occupied a unique position among domesticated animals because they are the only ones that are not productive (e.g., providing milk, wool, or labor) and are raised solely for their meat.
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Ku Daeng
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Ku Daeng (), or Ban Ku Daeng (), is a village in Nong Faek Subdistrict, Saraphi District, in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand.
Studies
Ku Daeng has been extensively documented in various ethnographic studies conducted by American and Thai anthropologists during the mid and late 20th century.
Ku Daeng village is known for being the subject of Konrad Kingshill's classic 1960 ethnography book Ku Daeng: The Red Tomb, based on his fieldwork in the village in 1953 and 1954. A revised third edition, published in 1976, synthesizes the 1953–1954 study with later studies done in 1964 and 1974. In 1991, Kingshill published a follow-up monograph, Ku Daeng: Thirty Years Later.
From October 1971 to November 1972, Jack M. Potter and Sulamith Heins Potter conducted anthropological fieldwork in Ku Daeng village. Jack M. Potter published Thai Peasant Social Structure in 1976. In 1977, Sulamith Heins Potter published a study of family life in Ku Daeng, Family Life in a Northern Thai Village. Potter (1977) refers to Ku Daeng as "Chiangmai Village" rather than by its original name.
In 1985, two works containing sociological research results from Ku Daeng were published by Thai researchers Werasit Sittitrai and Malee Viriya.
Administration
Administratively, Ku Daeng consists of 2 administrative villages (muban), namely village numbers 6 and 7.
The village is governed by the subdistrict municipality (thesaban tambon) Nong Faek (เทศบาลตำบลหนองแฝก).
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