id stringlengths 2 8 | url stringlengths 31 381 | title stringlengths 1 211 | text stringlengths 1.02k 2.05k | edu_quality float64 1.91 4.03 | naive_quality int64 0 0 |
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9183371 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai%20Nayak%20dynasty | Madurai Nayak dynasty | The Madurai Nayakas followed a decentralized governance style. The king was supreme ruler, but his main advisor was the dalavai, who controlled both civil and military matters. The three most effective dalavais were Ariyanatha Mudaliar, Ramappayya and Narasappayya. The next most important figure was the pradhani or fin... | 3.140625 | 0 |
9183371 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai%20Nayak%20dynasty | Madurai Nayak dynasty | The Nayakas were some of the most prolific architects in South India. Much of their work was expansions and additions to existing Vijayanagara or pre-Vijayanagara structures. By far their greatest work was the Meenakshi-Sundaraswarar complex in Madurai, which is known for its four towering gopurams up to 50 metres in h... | 2.59375 | 0 |
9183371 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai%20Nayak%20dynasty | Madurai Nayak dynasty | Although temple architecture was the main pursuit of the Nayakas, they constructed other buildings as well. Thirumala Nayaka is famous for his huge Thirumalai Nayakar Mahal, which George Mitchell speculated must have been the largest of all royal residences in the 17th century, develops earlier palace architecture from... | 2.625 | 0 |
9183405 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juha%20K.%20Tapio | Juha K. Tapio | The "monster" then tells the two writers his own story after having fled his father's castle; here the narrative mirrors the tale-within-tale structure of Shelley's original, inserting the monster's narrative into the main frame of the plot as a series of diary excerpts, whereas Shelley's novel uses a letter-novel form... | 1.953125 | 0 |
9183439 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawking%20%282004%20film%29 | Hawking (2004 film) | With his mind fired up, Stephen begins to work away at the implications of Penrose's discovery and starts to home in on the idea of a singularity. With remarkable insight – a real Eureka moment – he asks himself: what would happen if you ran Penrose's maths backwards? Instead of something collapsing into nothingness, w... | 2.390625 | 0 |
9183536 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edathanattukara | Edathanattukara | Edathanattukara or Kottappalla is a town in Palakkad District, Kerala, India.
Geography
Edathanattukara is situated in Alanallur panchayat, Mannarkkad Taluk. The total area of the village is about . The river Velliyar flows through the southeastern boundary of Edathanattukara.
Etymology
There are differences of opin... | 2.25 | 0 |
9183618 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B8lling%E2%80%93Aller%C3%B8d%20Interstadial | Bølling–Allerød Interstadial | The Bølling–Allerød Interstadial (), also called the Late Glacial Interstadial (LGI), was an interstadial period which occurred from 14,690 to c. 12,890 years Before Present, during the final stages of the Last Glacial Period. It was defined by abrupt warming in the Northern Hemisphere, and a corresponding cooling in t... | 3.15625 | 0 |
9183618 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B8lling%E2%80%93Aller%C3%B8d%20Interstadial | Bølling–Allerød Interstadial | For human populations of the Northern Hemisphere, Bølling–Allerød Interstadial had represented the first pronounced warming since the end of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The cold had previously forced them into refuge areas, but the warming of the interstadial enabled them to begin repopulating the Eurasian landmass... | 3.28125 | 0 |
9183618 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B8lling%E2%80%93Aller%C3%B8d%20Interstadial | Bølling–Allerød Interstadial | It was then interrupted by the older Older Dryas (after Dryas octopetala, an Arctic plant widespread during such cold periods in the Northern Hemisphere). The Older Dryas lasted approximately one century. before northern hemisphere warming returned during the Allerød stage.
The Allerød stage was a warm and moist globa... | 3.109375 | 0 |
9183618 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B8lling%E2%80%93Aller%C3%B8d%20Interstadial | Bølling–Allerød Interstadial | Some research shows that a warming of had occurred at intermediate depths in the North Atlantic over the preceding several millennia during Heinrich stadial 1 (HS1). The authors postulated that this warm salty water (WSW) layer, situated beneath the colder surface freshwater in the North Atlantic, generated ocean conv... | 2.265625 | 0 |
9183618 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B8lling%E2%80%93Aller%C3%B8d%20Interstadial | Bølling–Allerød Interstadial | A 2017 study attributed the second Weichselian Icelandic ice sheet collapse, onshore (est. net wastage 221 gigatons of ice per year over 750 years) and similar to today's Greenland rates of mass loss, to atmospheric Bølling–Allerød warming. The melting of the glaciers of Hardangerfjord began during this interstadial. B... | 2.640625 | 0 |
9183618 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B8lling%E2%80%93Aller%C3%B8d%20Interstadial | Bølling–Allerød Interstadial | The climate began to improve rapidly throughout Western Europe and the North European Plain c. 16,000-15,000 years ago. The environmental landscape became increasingly boreal, except in the far north, where conditions remained arctic. Sites of human occupation reappeared in northern France, Belgium, northwest Germany, ... | 3.015625 | 0 |
9183618 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B8lling%E2%80%93Aller%C3%B8d%20Interstadial | Bølling–Allerød Interstadial | Generally, lithic technology is dominated by blade production and typical Upper Paleolithic tool forms such as burins and backed blades (the most persistent). Kostenki archaeological sites of multiple occupation layers persist from the Last Glacial Maximum on the eastern edge of the Central Russian Upland, along the Do... | 2.75 | 0 |
9183618 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B8lling%E2%80%93Aller%C3%B8d%20Interstadial | Bølling–Allerød Interstadial | In the Middle East, the pre-agricultural Natufian settled around the Eastern Mediterranean coast to exploit wild cereals, such as emmer and two-row barley. By the time of the Allerød, the Natufians may have started to domesticate grain, bake bread, and ferment alcohol.
North America
Over the land between the Lena Bas... | 3.171875 | 0 |
9183618 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B8lling%E2%80%93Aller%C3%B8d%20Interstadial | Bølling–Allerød Interstadial | Earliest site occupation at Ushki sites of central Kamchatka (about 13,000 years ago) display evidence of small oval houses and bifacial points. Stone pendants, beads, and a burial pit are present. In central Alaska up the northern foothills at the Dry Creek site c. 13,500-13,000 years ago near Nenana Valley, small bif... | 2.53125 | 0 |
9183658 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumangwe%20Falls | Lumangwe Falls | Lumangwe Falls on the Kalungwishi River in northern Zambia is the largest waterfall wholly within the country, with a height of 30-40 m and a width of 100-160 m. It is a block-type waterfall located between the Luapula and Northern Provinces. The main bedrock is interbedded quartzite with layers of red siltstone.
The ... | 2.515625 | 0 |
9183672 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loan%20covenant | Loan covenant | A loan covenant is a condition in a commercial loan or bond issue that requires the borrower to fulfill certain conditions or which forbids the borrower from undertaking certain actions, or which possibly restricts certain activities to circumstances when other conditions are met.
Typically, violation of a covenant ma... | 2.1875 | 0 |
9183724 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansas%20Timberlands | Arkansas Timberlands | The Arkansas Timberlands (sometimes also called Southern Arkansas or Southwest Arkansas) is a region of the U.S. state of Arkansas generally encompassing the area south of the Ouachita Mountains, south of Central Arkansas and west of the Arkansas Delta. With several different definitions in use by various state agencie... | 2.25 | 0 |
9183764 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional%20imaging | Functional imaging | Functional imaging (or physiological imaging) is a medical imaging technique of detecting or measuring changes in metabolism, blood flow, regional chemical composition, and absorption.
As opposed to structural imaging, functional imaging centers on revealing physiological activities within a certain tissue or organ by... | 2.859375 | 0 |
9183779 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20Wales%20Railway | South Wales Railway | The South Wales Railway () was a main line railway which opened in stages from 1850, connecting the Great Western Railway from Gloucester to South Wales. It was constructed on the broad gauge. An original aspiration was to reach Fishguard to engender an Irish ferry transit and transatlantic trade, but the latter did no... | 2.53125 | 0 |
9183779 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20Wales%20Railway | South Wales Railway | At Bullo Pill there was an old but active tramway known first as the Bullo Pill Railway, from 1826 as the Forest of Dean Railway, and after lengthy negotiations the SWR was able to purchase it in September 1850. A connection was made soon after the opening of the main line, and work started on converting it to a broad ... | 2.4375 | 0 |
9183779 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20Wales%20Railway | South Wales Railway | The Neyland terminal was at a remote location, and the nearby settlement named Milford was significant, and local interests promoted a railway as a branch of the SWR, from Johnston. The Milford Railway was incorporated on 5 June 1856, and the independent company constructed the line. The Great Western Railway, which wa... | 2.59375 | 0 |
9183779 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20Wales%20Railway | South Wales Railway | Part of the Great Western Railway
From 1 August 1863 the South Wales Railway network was formally part of the Great Western Railway. The continuous route from Paddington (London) to Neyland was 285 miles of which 164 had been built by the South Wales Railway. The Gloucester to Grange Court section had always been worke... | 2.671875 | 0 |
9183779 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20Wales%20Railway | South Wales Railway | Moreover, the supremacy of the former SWR line in West Wales was beginning to be eroded; the Pembroke and Tenby Railway, a narrow gauge line, had aligned itself with other such lines at Carmarthen and had obtained an act of Parliament for an independent line from Whitland to Carmarthen; the GWR saw that this could lead... | 2.453125 | 0 |
9183779 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20Wales%20Railway | South Wales Railway | The up line was ready for standard gauge traffic on 12 May and all broad gauge rolling stock was cleared from the Welsh lines; this included the Carmarthen and Cardigan Railway, and an inspector was sent to verify that this had been done. The reduced train service was operated over the single up line, and sidings at ce... | 2.640625 | 0 |
9183786 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloucester%20and%20Dean%20Forest%20Railway | Gloucester and Dean Forest Railway | The Gloucester and Dean Forest Railway was a 19th-century British railway company that constructed a 7¼ mile section of railway line from Gloucester west to Grange Court in Gloucestershire in England. It now forms part of the Gloucester–Newport line.
Origins
The railway was originally promoted in 1845 as a link from... | 2.359375 | 0 |
9183798 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Mackenzie%20Ross | Frank Mackenzie Ross | Frank Mackenzie Ross (April 19, 1891 in Glasgow, Scotland – December 11, 1971 in Vancouver) was the 19th Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia.
Ross was the son of Grace Archibald (McCrone) and David Ross. Ross’ first job was as a bank clerk in Montreal in 1910. He joined the Canadian Expeditionary Force at the out... | 2.03125 | 0 |
9183821 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process%20migration | Process migration | In computing, process migration is a specialized form of process management whereby processes are moved from one computing environment to another. This originated in distributed computing, but is now used more widely. On multicore machines (multiple cores on one processor or multiple processors) process migration happe... | 2.5 | 0 |
9183849 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gocza%C5%82kowice-Zdr%C3%B3j | Goczałkowice-Zdrój | Goczałkowice-Zdrój is a village in Pszczyna County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Goczałkowice-Zdrój. It lies approximately south of Pszczyna and south of the regional capital Katowice. The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2006 the pop... | 2.09375 | 0 |
9183931 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman%20Armitage | Norman Armitage | Norman Armitage (January 1, 1907, as Norman Cudworth Cohn – March 14, 1972) was an American patent lawyer, and chemical engineer who became an accomplished textile executive. He was an exceptional saber fencer who competed in six Olympics from 1928 to 1956 and won a bronze Team medal in Sabre in the 1948 London Olympic... | 2.4375 | 0 |
9183970 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rub%C3%AD%2C%20Spain | Rubí, Spain | Rubí () is a municipality in Catalonia (Spain), in the comarca of Vallès Occidental and the province of Barcelona, 15 kilometers from Barcelona. It is bordered on the north by Terrassa and Ullastrell, on the south by Sant Cugat del Vallès, on the west by Castellbisbal and on the east by Sant Quirze del Vallès.
History... | 2.375 | 0 |
9184000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elias%20and%20Companions | Elias and Companions | Elias and four companions, Daniel, Isaiah, Jeremiah (also known as Jeremy and Jeremias), and Samuel were Egyptian martyrs. Their feast day is February 16.
During Maximinus' persecution, a number of Christians were condemned for life to slavery in the copper mines of Roman Cilicia. Elias and his companions visited them... | 3 | 0 |
9184100 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webber%20International%20University | Webber International University | Webber International University (Webber or WIU) is a private university in Babson Park, Florida.
History
Webber International was founded as Webber College by Roger Babson, an entrepreneur and business theorist in the first half of the 20th century. Established in 1927, it was the first private college chartered under... | 2 | 0 |
9184216 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severn%20River%20%28Georgian%20Bay%29 | Severn River (Georgian Bay) | The Severn River is a river in central Ontario, Canada. Its headwaters are located at the north end of Lake Couchiching. It drains Lake Couchiching and Lake Simcoe. The river flows generally northwest into Georgian Bay, a large bay of Lake Huron.
The Severn forms part of the inland canal system known as the Trent–Seve... | 2.625 | 0 |
9184242 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severn%20River%20%28Hudson%20Bay%29 | Severn River (Hudson Bay) | The Severn River is a river in northern Ontario. The northern Ontario river has its headwaters near the western border of the province. From the head of the Black Birch River, the Severn River is long, Its drainage basin area is , a small portion of which is in Manitoba. Its source is Deer Lake and flows northeasterl... | 2.765625 | 0 |
9184474 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Choral%20Society | Royal Choral Society | The Royal Choral Society (RCS) is an amateur choir, based in London.
History
Formed soon after the opening of the Royal Albert Hall in 1871, the choir gave its first performance as the Royal Albert Hall Choral Society on 8 May 1872 – the choir's first conductor Charles Gounod included the Hallelujah Chorus from Messia... | 2.484375 | 0 |
9184475 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girolamo%20Ghinucci | Girolamo Ghinucci | Girolamo Ghinucci (additionally referred to historically as: Jerome de Ghinucci, Geronimo de Ghinucci, Hieronymus Ghinucci, and Girolamo Ginucci; 1480 in Siena – 3 July 1541) was an Italian papal administrator, diplomat and cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church.
Life
Ghinucci was from a Sienese banking family and beca... | 2.296875 | 0 |
9184568 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977%20FA%20Cup%20final | 1977 FA Cup final | The 1977 FA Cup final was the final match of the 1976–77 FA Cup, the 96th season of England's premier cup football competition. The match was played on 21 May 1977 at Wembley Stadium, London, and it was contested by Manchester United and Liverpool. United won the game 2–1. All three goals came in a five-minute period e... | 2.046875 | 0 |
9184570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle%20mass%20density | Particle mass density | The particle mass density or particle density of a material (such as particulate solid or powder) is the mass density of the particles that make up the powder. Particle density is in contrast to the bulk density, which measures the average density of a large volume of the powder in a specific medium (usually air).
The... | 2.4375 | 0 |
9184570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle%20mass%20density | Particle mass density | A column of liquid with a density gradient can also be prepared: The column should contain a liquid of continuously varying composition, so that the maximum density (at the bottom) is higher than that of the solid, and the minimum density is lower. If a small sample of powder is allowed to settle in this column, it w... | 2.171875 | 0 |
9184586 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979%20FA%20Cup%20final | 1979 FA Cup final | The 1979 FA Cup final was a football match played on 12 May 1979 at Wembley Stadium. The match was contested by Arsenal and Manchester United. It is regarded as one of the greatest-ever finishes in an FA Cup final. For over 85 minutes the game had been unremarkable, with Arsenal taking a 2–0 half time lead through goal... | 1.90625 | 0 |
9184748 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine%20Aviation%20Logistics%20Squadron%2041 | Marine Aviation Logistics Squadron 41 | During the Vietnam War, H&MS-41 served in direct support of the flying squadrons, VMF-111 and VMF-112. By August 1963, they made the transition into supersonic flight with the F-8 Crusader. VMF-111 and her sister squadron VMF-112, were the first Marine Reserve squadrons to acquire the F-8A, due in large measure to thei... | 2.046875 | 0 |
9184777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Rats%20of%20Tobruk | The Rats of Tobruk | The Rats of Tobruk were soldiers of the Australian-led Allied garrison, as well as the Polish Independent Carpathian Rifle Brigade that held the Libyan port of Tobruk against the Afrika Corps, during the Siege of Tobruk in World War II. The siege started on 11 April 1941 and was relieved on 10 December. The port contin... | 2.65625 | 0 |
9184777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Rats%20of%20Tobruk | The Rats of Tobruk | Royal Artillery
The Royal Artillery units at Tobruk were spearheaded by the anti-tank 25-pounders of the 1st Regiment Royal Horse Artillery. The 4th Anti-Aircraft Brigade also played an important role in the defence of the garrison, which was under incessant air attack, particularly by Stuka dive-bombers. Some of its u... | 2.484375 | 0 |
9184777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Rats%20of%20Tobruk | The Rats of Tobruk | In April 2007, the Victorian contingent of the Rats of Tobruk Association concluded that it could no longer afford the upkeep of Tobruk House, the inner-city Melbourne meeting hall that had been purchased by the Association in the 1950s. Back then, the Victorian Association had 1,800 members. By 2007, there were just 8... | 2.203125 | 0 |
9184786 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998%20FA%20Cup%20final | 1998 FA Cup final | The 1998 FA Cup final was a football match between Arsenal and Newcastle United on 16 May 1998 at the old Wembley Stadium, London. It was the final match of the 1997–98 FA Cup, the 117th season of the world's oldest football knockout competition, the FA Cup. Six-time winners Arsenal were appearing in their thirteenth f... | 2 | 0 |
9184786 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998%20FA%20Cup%20final | 1998 FA Cup final | The FA Cup is English football's primary cup competition. Clubs in the Premier League enter the FA Cup in the third round and are drawn randomly out of a hat with the remaining clubs. If a match is drawn, a replay comes into force, ordinarily at the ground of the team who were away for the first game. As with league fi... | 1.921875 | 0 |
9184805 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country%20quota | Country quota | The country quota was a part of the New Zealand electoral system from 1881 until 1945, when it was abolished by the First Labour Government. Its effect was to make an urban electoral districts (electorates) more populous than an rural constituency, thus allowing a rural district not to be large enough to take in the sa... | 2.609375 | 0 |
9184805 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country%20quota | Country quota | Opposition
The country quota was always unpopular with the Labour Party, which took most of its support from the cities, and generally felt the system to be an undemocratic violation of the 'one man one vote' principle. Its policy of abolishing the quota was abandoned in the 1930s in order to win rural support, and the... | 2.5 | 0 |
9184841 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turret%20clock | Turret clock | A turret clock or tower clock is a clock designed to be mounted high in the wall of a building, usually in a clock tower, in public buildings such as churches, university buildings, and town halls. As a public amenity to enable the community to tell the time, it has a large face visible from far away, and often a strik... | 2.59375 | 0 |
9184841 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turret%20clock | Turret clock | The verge and foliot timekeeping mechanism in these early mechanical clocks was very inaccurate, as the primitive foliot balance wheel did not have a balance spring to provide a restoring force, so the balance wheel was not a harmonic oscillator with an inherent resonant frequency or "beat"; its rate varied with variat... | 2.71875 | 0 |
9184866 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbroath%20Victoria%20F.C. | Arbroath Victoria F.C. | Arbroath Victoria Football Club are a Scottish Junior football club based in Arbroath. The club competes in the and play their games at Ogilvy Park. They are nicknamed "the Vics".
History
The original Arbroath Victoria (The Vics) were formed in 1882. In April of that year, they defeated a team called Sunrise 3–0 o... | 2.03125 | 0 |
9184876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony%20Terill | Anthony Terill | Anthony Terill (born 1623, Canford, Dorset, England – died 11 October 1676, Liège (present-day Belgium) was an English Roman Catholic Jesuit theologian.
Born in 1623 as Anthony Bonville to a Catholic mother and a Protestant father, in his 15th year, he was received into the Roman Catholic Church and left England, taki... | 2 | 0 |
9184900 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm%20Reinhard%20von%20Neipperg | Wilhelm Reinhard von Neipperg | During the Austro-Turkish War (1737–1739), Neipperg returned to the army, and was with Fieldmarshal Wallis at the Battle of Grocka (21–22 July, 1739) against the Turks. Already on 31 July, imperial government in Vienna decided to relieve Wallis of his previously granted powers to negotiate with the Ottomans. Those powe... | 2.203125 | 0 |
9185027 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond%20tetra | Diamond tetra | The diamond tetra (Moenkhausia pittieri) is a small freshwater fish of the characin family (family Characidae) of order Characiformes. It is found in and around Lake Valencia in Venezuela, South America.
Description
This species exhibits clear sexual dimorphism, with males having much longer dorsal fins than the femal... | 2.671875 | 0 |
9185028 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandgate%20District%20State%20High%20School | Sandgate District State High School | Sandgate District State High School (SDSHS) is a secondary school located in Deagon, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It educates grade levels seven to twelve.
It was opened in January 1959 but the first classes – five, A1, A2, B1, C1 and C2 were conducted in the Sandgate Town Hall, on the floor and on the stage, beca... | 2.328125 | 0 |
9185037 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twinkle%20%28comics%29 | Twinkle (comics) | Twinkle, "the picture paper specially for little girls," was a popular British comics magazine, published by D. C. Thomson & Co. Ltd from 27 January 1968 to 1999 (1,612 issues). It was aimed at young girls and came out weekly, supplemented each year with a Summer Special and a hardcover Annual (the first annual was dat... | 1.945313 | 0 |
9185049 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation%20Reinhard%20in%20Krak%C3%B3w | Operation Reinhard in Kraków | Operation Reinhard in Kraków, often referred to by its original codename in German as Aktion Krakau, was a major 1942 German Nazi operation against the Jews of Kraków, Poland. It was headed by SS and Police Leader Julian Scherner from the Waffen-SS. The roundup was part of the countrywide Aktion Reinhard (Operation Rei... | 2.25 | 0 |
9185059 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seal%20%28contract%20law%29 | Seal (contract law) | In the law, a seal affixed to a contract or other legal instrument has had special legal significance at various times in the jurisdictions that recognise it. In the courts of common law jurisdictions, a contract which was sealed ("made under seal") was treated differently from other written contracts (which were "made... | 2.671875 | 0 |
9185059 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seal%20%28contract%20law%29 | Seal (contract law) | Until modern statutory reforms in contract law, a seal was widely recognised by courts in common law jurisdictions as removing the need for consideration (value) in a contract. This reflects classical contract theory, in which consideration was viewed as a formal aspect of a contract, so that a seal could be considered... | 2.390625 | 0 |
9185059 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seal%20%28contract%20law%29 | Seal (contract law) | In England and Wales, the common law courts originally recognised only wax seals, but this requirement was gradually relaxed. By the 20th century a small circle of red adhesive paper affixed to the document in question was sufficient when an individual had to use a seal (most commonly on a contract for the sale of land... | 2.546875 | 0 |
9185059 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seal%20%28contract%20law%29 | Seal (contract law) | United States
In the United States, wax seals were never expressly required. The Restatement of Contracts (Second) notes that Impressions directly on the paper were recognized early and are still common for notarial and corporate seals, and gummed paper wafers have been widely used. In the absence of statute, decisio... | 1.953125 | 0 |
9185065 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westend%20%28Berlin%29 | Westend (Berlin) | Westend () is a locality of the Berlin borough Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf in Germany. It emerged in the course of Berlin's 2001 administrative reform on the grounds of the former Charlottenburg borough. Originally a mansion colony, it is today a quite densely settled, still affluent territory adjacent to Berlin's inner... | 2.21875 | 0 |
9185066 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan%20African%20Film%20Festival | Pan African Film Festival | Pan African Film Festival (PAFF) is a non-profit corporation in Los Angeles, California, United States, that states its goal is to promote "cultural understanding among peoples of African descent" through exhibiting art and film. It hosts a film festival and an arts festival in Los Angeles in February of each year. The... | 2.609375 | 0 |
9185069 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonian%20Air%20Force | Estonian Air Force | The Estonian Air Force (, ) is the aviation branch of the Estonian Defence Forces. The air force traces its history to 1918, and was re-established in its current form in 1991.
As of 2016, the Estonian Air Force has a strength of 1,568 personnel. It operates unarmed aircraft and several radar systems. Its main tasks a... | 2.484375 | 0 |
9185069 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonian%20Air%20Force | Estonian Air Force | In the meantime, on 22 November 1918, the Soviet Red Army had attacked Estonia and soon occupied most of the country. The fledgling Estonian Army, with foreign assistance, managed to counter-attack in early January 1919 and went on to liberate the country by late February. It subsequently moved on to liberate Latvia. A... | 2.5 | 0 |
9185069 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonian%20Air%20Force | Estonian Air Force | Plans to acquire Spitfires and Lysanders from Britain were thwarted when the outbreak of World War II in 1939 forced Britain to cancel all export orders. After the defeat of Poland, Estonia was forced to accept a Mutual Assistance Pact with the Soviet Union, signed on 28 September 1939. This allowed the Soviets to esta... | 2.421875 | 0 |
9185100 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deva%20Victrix | Deva Victrix | Deva Victrix, or simply Deva, was a legionary fortress and town in the Roman province of Britannia on the site of the modern city of Chester. The fortress was built by the Legio II Adiutrix in the 70s AD as the Roman army advanced north against the Brigantes, and rebuilt completely over the next few decades by the Legi... | 2.453125 | 0 |
9185100 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deva%20Victrix | Deva Victrix | Following attacks against barbarians in the early 3rd century under Septimius Severus, the fortress at Deva was again rebuilt, this time using an estimated of stone. During the 4th century the size of the legion, and therefore of the garrison, may have diminished in line with the rest of the empire's forces.
Decline ... | 3.125 | 0 |
9185100 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deva%20Victrix | Deva Victrix | Later history and investigation
In the 14th century, Ranulf Higden, a monk in Chester, described some of the Roman remains, including the sewers and tombstones. Antiquarians began to take interest in the remains in the 17th century and interest continued to grow in the 18th century, fed by accounts of Roman Chester and... | 2.703125 | 0 |
9185100 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deva%20Victrix | Deva Victrix | A civilian settlement (canabae legionis) was gradually established outside the walls of the fortress; it probably began as a collection of traders who became prosperous from dealing with the fortress. The settlement was administered by an elected council rather than by the legion. As legionaries retired many settled in... | 2.984375 | 0 |
9185100 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deva%20Victrix | Deva Victrix | The Roman fortress of Deva was constructed from local sandstone, which was quarried across the river to the south of the fortress. Traces of the quarry are visible in Handbridge. In the 2nd century, a shrine to the Roman goddess Minerva was carved in the quarry for protection, perhaps by the quarry workers. Despite hea... | 2.59375 | 0 |
9185100 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deva%20Victrix | Deva Victrix | A large area of the baths was destroyed by building works in 1863 and during the construction of the Grosvenor Shopping Mall in 1963. Sandstone columns from the exercise hall of the baths, measuring in diameter, are present in the "Roman Gardens" off Pepper Street; the columns would originally have stood high. A sect... | 2.46875 | 0 |
9185100 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deva%20Victrix | Deva Victrix | In 1939, some paving and the walls of two unusual elliptical buildings were discovered, one atop the other. These "elliptical" buildings were partially uncovered behind Chester's market hall, and no similar buildings have been found in other legionary fortresses. The buildings were located near the centre of the fortre... | 2.828125 | 0 |
9185100 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deva%20Victrix | Deva Victrix | The second elliptical building was built on top foundations of the first, and although the architect must have been aware of the exact layout of the previous building, the design of the second was slightly modified. Although the it looks very similar to the first, it used different diameters of arc to achieve a slightl... | 2.578125 | 0 |
9185119 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berca | Berca | Berca is a commune located in the hillside of Buzău County, Muntenia, Romania, in the valley of the river Buzău. It is an oil and natural gas extraction location.
The commune is composed of thirteen villages: Băceni, Berca, Cojanu, Joseni, Mânăstirea Rătești, Pâclele, Pleșcoi, Pleșești, Rătești, Sătuc, Tâțârligu, Vale... | 2.015625 | 0 |
9185143 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgina%20Lee | Georgina Lee | Georgina Anne Lee (born 14 August 1981) is a female English former competitive swimmer.
Swimming career
Lee represented Great Britain in the Olympics and European championships, and competed for England in the Commonwealth Games.
Lee won gold, silver, and bronze medals at the 2002 Commonwealth Games. She was also a b... | 2.0625 | 0 |
9185219 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han%20Duk-su | Han Duk-su | Han Duk-su (; February 18, 1907 – February 21, 2001) was a North Korean activist who founded the General Association of Korean Residents in Japan (Chongryon) in 1955. His activism started when he moved to Atami in 1933 and advocated for the rights of Zainichi Koreans who were forced to work on the Tanna Tunnel in Japan... | 2.125 | 0 |
9185219 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han%20Duk-su | Han Duk-su | Formation of Chongryon
After September 1945, he served as a representative of a Kantō district association of Koreans and a member of the preparatory committee for Chongryon, which was founded in October 1945 and formed on May 25, 1955. After the end of the Pacific War, he led the formation of the Korean Association in... | 2.140625 | 0 |
9185219 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han%20Duk-su | Han Duk-su | In 1952, Han established the Korean Studies Research Institute, using it to promote ideological and cultural struggle by publishing the periodical Joseon Problems Research. In May 1958, at the 4th General Convention of Chongryon, along with the exclusion of the non-mainstream faction, the chairmanship was disbanded and... | 2.171875 | 0 |
10672928 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrington%20Passage%2C%20Nova%20Scotia | Barrington Passage, Nova Scotia | Barrington Passage is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the Municipality of the District of Barrington of Shelburne County.
It is named after William Barrington, 2nd Viscount Barrington.
History
The Mi'kmaq called the area, "Ministiguish" or "Ministegkek", meaning "he has gone for it." Th... | 2.203125 | 0 |
10672987 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Wisconsin%E2%80%93Milwaukee%20School%20of%20Education | University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee School of Education | The University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee School of Education is an academic division of the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. It offers five undergraduate major, five master's, and 12 doctoral programs. It also offers the only four-year interpreter training degree in Wisconsin.
The school was ranked 86th nationally by U... | 1.953125 | 0 |
10673017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loiner | Loiner | Loiner is a demonym, describing the citizens of Leeds.
The Rugby league club Leeds Rhinos were previously nicknamed the Loiners.
History
While there are several theories, the actual origin of the term remains uncertain.
The three competing theories are:
Loiner could derive from the name Loidis (in use by the eight... | 2.171875 | 0 |
10673063 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Adventurers%20%281970%20film%29 | The Adventurers (1970 film) | The Adventurers is a 1970 American epic adventure drama film directed, produced, and co-written by Lewis Gilbert. It is based on the 1966 novel of the same name by Harold Robbins.
The film stars Bekim Fehmiu, Candice Bergen, Charles Aznavour, Olivia de Havilland, Fernando Rey, Ernest Borgnine, Alan Badel, and Leigh Ta... | 2.03125 | 0 |
10673182 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitacre%20College%20of%20Engineering | Whitacre College of Engineering | The Edward E. Whitacre Jr. College of Engineering is the college of engineering at Texas Tech University in Lubbock, Texas. The engineering program has existed at Texas Tech University since 1925. Additionally, the Whitacre College of Engineering administers graduate engineering degree programs at the university's camp... | 2.1875 | 0 |
10673182 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitacre%20College%20of%20Engineering | Whitacre College of Engineering | Center for Advanced Intelligent Systems
The Center for Advanced Intelligent Systems is an interdisciplinary laboratory in the computer science department. Currently the center conducts research in the fields of data understanding, human-centered computing, computational mechanics and materials, declarative languages a... | 2.375 | 0 |
10673182 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitacre%20College%20of%20Engineering | Whitacre College of Engineering | Center for Multidisciplinary Research in Transportation
The Center for Multidisciplinary Research in Transportation (TechMRT) was established in 1997 to serve as a focal point between Texas Tech and the various transportation research funding organizations and programs. In the area of pavement engineering and construc... | 2.578125 | 0 |
10673182 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitacre%20College%20of%20Engineering | Whitacre College of Engineering | P3E's power electronics research is focused on the usage of very large power insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBT) for intermittent and steady state operation, the use of ultra high power silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCR) for pulsed power applications, research into advanced electrical and thermal packaging, robu... | 2.09375 | 0 |
10673182 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitacre%20College%20of%20Engineering | Whitacre College of Engineering | Water Resources Center
The Water Resources Center (WRC) was established by the Texas Tech Board of Regents in 1965. Since its inception, the WRC has encouraged, conducted, and coordinated water resources research and related activities. To accomplish this purpose, WRC has adopted a multiphase approach, encompassing res... | 2.453125 | 0 |
10673314 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Meige | Henry Meige | Henri Meige (11 February 1866 – 29 September 1940) was a French neurologist born in Moulins-sur-Allier. He characterized Meige's syndrome in 1910.
He studied medicine in Paris under Jean Charcot (1825–1893), earning his doctorate in 1893. Afterwards he worked at the Salpêtrière and the École des Beaux-Arts, where in t... | 2.640625 | 0 |
10673491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rex%20Wailes | Rex Wailes | Reginald "Rex" Wailes OBE, FSA, F I Mech E (6 March 1901 – 7 January 1986) was an English engineer and historian who published widely on aspects of engineering history and industrial archaeology, particularly on windmills and watermills.
Wailes was born at Hadley Wood on 6 March 1901, the son of Reginald and Florence ... | 2.3125 | 0 |
10673574 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden%20Axe | Golden Axe | Characters
Ax Battler is a barbarian hero. He uses a claymore while wearing a speedo and blue boots as well as iron bracers and a gorget. He calls upon volcanic magic, deploying lava and powerful eruptive blasts. Ax's mother is murdered by Death Adder's forces, providing his motive in the original Golden Axe. Ax was g... | 1.945313 | 0 |
10673579 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawker%20Siddeley%20Trident | Hawker Siddeley Trident | Background and original specification
In 1953, as British European Airways (BEA) introduced the world's first turboprop-powered civil airliner – the Vickers Viscount – into passenger service, the operator was already considering what would be required of a potential successor. Following the entry into service of jet ai... | 2.53125 | 0 |
10673579 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawker%20Siddeley%20Trident | Hawker Siddeley Trident | The DH.121 was to be the world's first trijet airliner. Its designers felt this configuration offered a trade-off between cruising economy and take-off safety in case of an engine failure; moreover, the BEA specification had called for "more than two engines". Each of the three engines would drive its own hydraulic sys... | 2.234375 | 0 |
10673579 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawker%20Siddeley%20Trident | Hawker Siddeley Trident | In April 1958, de Havilland firmed the general configuration of the DH.121 and established a development timetable, including a projected date for the type's maiden flight to be conducted during mid-1961. The company's market research department was forecasting that as many as 550 airliners in its category would be sol... | 2.03125 | 0 |
10673579 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawker%20Siddeley%20Trident | Hawker Siddeley Trident | Overview
The Trident was a jet airliner of all-metal construction with a T-tail and a low-mounted wing with a quarter-chord sweepback of 35 degrees. It had three rear-mounted engines: two in side-fuselage pods, and the third in the fuselage tailcone, with an S-shaped intake duct. One version, the 3B, had a fourth "boos... | 2.421875 | 0 |
10673579 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawker%20Siddeley%20Trident | Hawker Siddeley Trident | The Trident normal descent rate was up to 4500 ft/min (23 m/s). In emergency descents of up to 10,000 ft/min, it was permissible to use reverse thrust. Below 280 kn IAS, it was also possible to extend the main landing gear for use as an airbrake. The Trident's first version, Trident 1C, had the unusual capability of us... | 2.34375 | 0 |
10673579 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawker%20Siddeley%20Trident | Hawker Siddeley Trident | The ability to land in fog solved a major problem at London Heathrow and other British airports. Delays were commonplace when Category 1 (Cat 1 = decision height and 600 metre runway visual range RVR) instrument landing system (ILS) was in use. The Trident's autoland system pioneered the use of lower landing minima, i... | 2.625 | 0 |
10673610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20March%20on%20Washington%20for%20Lesbian%20and%20Gay%20Rights | National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights | The first National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights was a large political rally that took place in Washington, D.C., on October 14, 1979. The first such march on Washington, it drew between 75,000 and 125,000 gay men, lesbians, bisexual people, transgender people, and straight allies to demand equal civil... | 2.59375 | 0 |
10673649 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Cornog | Robert Cornog | Robert Alden Cornog (July 7, 1912 – July 17, 1998) was an American physicist and engineer who helped develop the atomic bomb and missile systems, and made significant discoveries regarding isotopes of hydrogen and helium.
A native of Portland, Oregon, who grew up in Iowa City, Cornog earned a bachelor's degree in mech... | 2.625 | 0 |
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