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10676284
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20A.%20McCarthy
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Edward A. McCarthy
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Edward Anthony McCarthy (April 10, 1918 – June 7, 2005) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as the second archbishop of the Archdiocese of Miami in Florida from 1977 to 1994. He previously served as bishop of the Diocese of Phoenix in Arizona from 1969 to 1977 and as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati in Ohio from 1965 to 1969.
McCarthy was appointed Coadjutor Archbishop of Miami on September 17, 1976, and succeeded Coleman Francis Carroll as archbishop of Miami on July 26, 1977. McCarthy retired as archbishop on November 3, 1994. He died on June 7, 2005, at the age of 87.
Background
McCarthy was ordained a priest in 1943 within the Archdiocese of Cincinnati, graduating from Saint Gregory Seminary and Mt. Saint Mary Seminary in Norwood, Ohio. His education included a master's degree in Philosophy from the Athenaeum of Ohio. He earned a Doctor of Canon Law degree in 1947 and a Doctor of Sacred Theology degree in 1948 while in Rome, Italy at the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas. His dissertation was entitled "Epiky: a theoretical study of the virtue of epiky and its use, along with a historical review of the development of the doctrine on this subject". He also has a high school named after him.
During his service within the Diocese of Cincinnati he served as the secretary to two Archbishops, judge in the marriage tribunal and chairman of numerous diocesan committees.
Auxiliary Bishop of Cincinnati
McCarthy was appointed as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati by Pope Paul VI on April 21, 1965. He was consecrated on June 15, 1965 with Archbishop Karl Alter serving as principal consecrator.
Bishop of Phoenix
McCarthy was appointed the first bishop of the newly created Diocese of Phoenix by Paul VI on August 25, 1969. McCarthy was installed on December 2, 1969.
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10676284
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20A.%20McCarthy
|
Edward A. McCarthy
|
Coadjutor Archbishop and Archbishop of Miami
On September 17, 1976, Paul VI appointed McCarthy as the coadjutor archbishop of the Archdiocese of Miami due to the failing health of Archbishop Coleman F. Carroll. Upon Archbishop Carroll's death on July 26, 1977, McCarthy automatically succeeded him. Soon after arriving, he oversaw the construction of a Pastoral Center for the diocese and restructured most senior operational divisions. He established the Office of Lay Ministry, the Office of Evangelization and the Permanent Diaconate program.
In 1980, McCarthy was a key figure in offering support and assistance during the Mariel Boat Lift. A year later, he stood up for the rights of Haitian immigrants who were detained under what would become known as the Wet Foot, Dry Foot policy. In response to these incidents, that same year he oversaw the opening of the Pierre Toussaint Haitian Catholic Center in Miami. However, he was also picketed by Haitian-born Roman Catholic priest Gérard Jean-Juste, who criticized him for not doing more for Haitian refugees and attributed McCarthy's alleged indifference to racism. As punishment, Jean-Juste was forbidden by his church superiors from performing mass in the area.
In 1984, McCarthy assisted with the transition of the new Diocese of Venice and Diocese of Palm Beach. A year later, he would call for the first ever Archdiocesan Synod. Lasting until 1988, it was seen as a method to revitalize the faithful within the archdiocese.
Pope John Paul II visited Miami in 1987. For the first time, he was forced to halt his public Mass midway due to a massive thunderstorm. Severe lightning caused the liturgy to be suspended due to safety concerns—an event that had never occurred elsewhere during the Pope's travels. John Paul II completed the offering of the mass inside a trailer, as the crowds dispersed, but only after McCarthy pleaded with them to tend to their own safety.
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10676300
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basmanny%20District
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Basmanny District
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Date of foundation of Ivanovsky Convent (4, Zabelina Street) remains unknown; it was used as a high security prison for state prisoners like Maria Shuiskaya, wife of deposed Vasili IV of Russia, and Darya Saltykova. Present-day cathedral and towers were built by Mikhail Bykovsky in 1861. Nearby Moscow Choral Synagogue (10, Bolshoy Spasoglinischevsky Lane) was completed in 1906.
Armyansky Lane, in the beginning of Pokrovka Street, has been a hub of Moscow's Armenian community since the late 18th century, starting as the base of Lazarev merchant family of Armenian descent. Lazarev's Institute of Oriental Languages, founded in 1814, has been an official school for Russian diplomats since 1827; today, its neoclassical building houses the embassy of Armenia. Nearby Maly Zlatoustinsky Lane was home to Matvey Kazakov's home and workshop (recently demolished).
Southern end of central Basmanny District hides the infamous Khitrovka – former "bottom of Moscow" between present-day Pokrovsky Boulevard, Khokhlovsky Lane and Solyanka Street. Khitrov market, set up in the 1820s, became a flophouse district in the 1860s and a gang land by the 1880s, concentrating thousands of former peasants who failed to adjust to city life. Many original buildings of Khitrovka still stand, although the market and the infamous flophouses were replaced college buildings.
In Soviet period, reconstruction of Basmanny District lagged behind that of western districts. In the 1930s, Basmanny lost landmarks like Red Gates and Assumption Church in Pokrovka, but overall city fabric remains unchanged, with an irregular maze of lanes and two-story historical buildings. Apartment buildings on the boulevards, instead of demolition, were expanded in depth and height, retaining original finishes.
Basmannaya Sloboda
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10676300
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basmanny%20District
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Basmanny District
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"Basman" in the 17th century referred to a particular sort of bread supplied to the court and troops, however, historians argue that Basmannaya sloboda was too large for bakers alone. This sloboda occupied the beginning of Staraya Basmannaya Street, while the present-day Novaya Basmannaya Street was known as Kapitanskaya (Captain's) sloboda and housed the officers of "European" troops established by Peter I. Church of St. Peter and Paul in this area was built in 1705–1723 to the draft made by Peter himself, in early Baroque style (the church technically stands in Krasnoselsky District).
Previous rulers travelled to their country estates via Staraya Basmannaya, however, Peter changed this habit in favor of Novaya Basmannaya, adding to the popularity of this street among the nobles. In the middle of the 18th century, when nobility was relieved from compulsory service, both streets were redeveloped with suburban estates of families like Rumyantsevs and Golitsyns. In the 1750s, they commissioned Dmitry Ukhtomsky to build the extant church of Martyr Nikita, the largest example of Baroque architecture in Moscow.
The area burnt down in 1812; some homeowners rebuilt their lots in stone, while others could allow only wooden buildings. Vasily Pushkin, uncle of Alexander Pushkin, owned such single-story wooden house at 36, Staraya Basmannaya. The poet himself was born in nearby Malaya Pochtovaya Street (exact location of his birthplace remains disputed and was previously stated as either 40 or 57, Baumanskaya Street).
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10676327
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20O%27Neill%2C%202nd%20Baron%20O%27Neill
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Edward O'Neill, 2nd Baron O'Neill
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Edward O'Neill, 2nd Baron O'Neill (31 December 1839 – 19 November 1928), known as Edward Chichester until 1855, was an Irish peer and Conservative politician.
O'Neill was the eldest son of William O'Neill, 1st Baron O'Neill, and his first wife Henrietta (née Torrens), daughter of Robert Torrens, judge of the Court of Common Pleas (Ireland). He was elected to the House of Commons for County Antrim in 1863, a seat he held until 1880. In 1883 he succeeded his father in the barony and entered the House of Lords.
Lord O'Neill married Lady Louisa Katherine Emma, daughter of Thomas Barnes Cochrane, 11th Earl of Dundonald, in 1873. Their third son Hugh became a prominent politician and was created Baron Rathcavan in 1953. Lord O'Neill died in November 1928, aged 88, and was succeeded in the barony by his grandson Shane, the son of his second but eldest surviving son Captain the Hon. Arthur O'Neill, who had been killed in the First World War. Arthur's younger son and another of Lord O'Neill's grandsons was Terence O'Neill, Prime Minister of Northern Ireland. Lady O'Neill died in 1942.
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10676382
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount%20St.%20Mary%27s%20Hospital
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Mount St. Mary's Hospital
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Mount St. Mary's Hospital or St. Mary's Manor is a historic Neoclassical Revival hospital building located at Niagara Falls in Niagara County, New York. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.
Design
The building was constructed in 1912-1914 and designed by architect William P. Ginther. The building is red brick on a raised limestone foundation. The hospital is a winged building, consisting of a 9-story, red brick center tower block flanked by matching 5-story blocks, threaded together by a central corridor expressed in two thin 7-story connectors. The main facade is oriented towards Sixth Street. A 1948 3-story addition to the north is set back, fronting the alley. Together the three blocks and their corridors form a back-to-back "E" configuration in plan and a soaring prospect in elevation.
The Neoclassical Revival styled building are an example of institutional design reflected in certain features including its "large-scale massing, rectangular multi-unit plan with connecting corridors, central pavilion featuring entry porch with Ionic columns and full entablature, limestone belt coursing and trim, repetitive fenestration, stone cornice, and flat roofs." The former hospital is built up to its east and west property lines with park-like courtyards between the projecting blocks. There is a small parking lot and fenced in park-like lawn sit adjacent to the south of the structure, where the first Mount St. Mary's Hospital, known as the "House on the Corner," once stood.
Use
From 1914 until 1965, the building was a functioning hospital. Following the development of the "new" Mount Saint Mary's Hospital in Lewiston, New York in 1965, the hospital was closed and sold to Catholic Charities of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Buffalo. From 1966 until 2003, the building was known as St. Mary's Manor, and was a 104-bed nursing home. The $1,500,000 1966 renovation was designed by local architect Mortimer J. Murphy Jr. (1915-2003). Since 2003, the building has been vacant.
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10676397
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geji
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Geji
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Geji () were female Chinese performing artists and courtesans who trained in singing and dancing in ancient China.
During the Warring States Period, a legendary figure named Han'e is believed to be the first example of a geji. Recorded in the Taoist manuscript the Liezi, Han'e is said to have traveled and made her living by singing. A popular idiom used to praise one's singing in Chinese was derived from the legend of Han'e. Like other entertainers in ancient China, geji had low social standing. Some geji contributed to the development of dance, poetry, painting and other arts and literature throughout China's history. During the Song and Tang Dynasty, geji would perform poems as songs, which helped the spread of ancient Chinese poems.
Geji were primarily pursued for their artistic talents in singing, dancing, and literary arts; they also sometimes provided sexual services to their clients. In ancient China, music and sexual performance were intertwined; consequently, the poetry, rather than music, of courtesans such as geji were often held up as an example of their high-culture. During the Ming Dynasty, the talents of courtesans such as geji were widely cultivated to distinguish them more heavily from common prostitutes. This development coincided with a general increase in wealth during the Ming Dynasty which allowed even men of low social standing to engage with common prostitutes, prompting men of high-status to cultivate and seek out courtesans for cultural capital. The relationships between literati (scholar-official of imperial China) and the geji often became heavily romanticized during the late Ming Dynasty, and even married women associated openly with geji, inviting them to parties. Famously, the poet Xu Yuan was known to keep the company of famous geji, such as Xue Susu. Following the collapse of the Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty banned courtesans such as geji from performing at official functions.
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10676431
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Freiherr%20von%20Eltz-R%C3%BCbenach
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Paul Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach
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Peter Paul Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach (9 February 1875 – 25 August 1943) was Reich Postal Minister (Reichspostminister) and Reich Minister of Transport (Reichsminister für Verkehr) of Germany between 1932 and 1937.
Early life
Eltz-Rübenach was born in Wahn (today part of Cologne), a scion of the Rhenish noble house of Eltz. He studied engineering at the Technische Hochschulen in Aachen (now RWTH Aachen University) and in Charlottenburg (now Technische Universität Berlin) and was then employed by the state railroad service. He spent several years in the United States working from 1911 to 1914 as a technical expert in the German consulate in New York City. At the outbreak of World War I he returned to Germany and worked in military rail transport. In 1924 he became president of the Deutsche Reichsbahn Board in Karlsruhe.
Political career
On 1 June 1932, he was appointed Reichsminister for both the Reich Ministry of Transport and the Reich Postal Ministry as a nonpartisan technocrat in Chancellor Franz von Papen's "cabinet of barons." He retained both these portfolios in the cabinets formed by Chancellor Kurt von Schleicher (3 December 1932) and, after the Nazi Machtergreifung, by Adolf Hitler (30 January 1933). In the cabinet, he fought unsuccessfully for development of the railroads against the government's emphasis on developing an improved highway system, the Reichsautobahn. Eltz-Rübenach also served as a member of the Academy for German Law.
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10676451
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberdeen%20Avenue
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Aberdeen Avenue
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Aberdeen Avenue is a Lower City minor arterial road in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. It starts off just west of Longwood Road South and east of Highway 403 as a two-way thoroughfare up to Queen Street South, where it then switches over to a one-way collector road (eastbound) to Bay Street South and then to another two-way section from Bay Street to James Mountain Road, a mountain-access road in the city near the base of the Niagara Escarpment (mountain).
History
Aberdeen Avenue was named after Lord Aberdeen (John Hamilton-Gordon, 1st Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair) and Lady Aberdeen (Ishbel Hamilton-Gordon, Marchioness of Aberdeen and Temair) who both lived in Hamilton on Bay Street South (1890-1898) with their four children. They presided over the opening of the Hamilton Public Library on September 16, 1890. Lord Aberdeen was appointed Governor General of Canada in 1893.
Historically, the Durand neighbourhood along Markland Street and Aberdeen Avenue, east of Queen Street, was home to the 'industrialists'. This south of downtown neighbourhood is quite possibly the largest concentration of early 20th-century castles/mansions in Canada. The grand homes were home to the families whose names graced the signs of the north end factories and made their fortunes in transportation, finance and industry.
A McMaster University research campus called McMaster Innovation Park is currently being developed on the former Camco lands near Westdale. This will be an "idea factory" employing scientists and technicians. CANMET will employ 100 research scientists and support workers, including some of the top minds in Canada and will be the anchor tenant of the facility. They will be working closely with McMaster researchers and private industry to develop technologies for metal and materials manufacturing, processing and evaluation. Expected to be up-and-running by 2010. Other tenants already announced for the park include a corrosion research centre sponsored by General Motors and a diesel engine research lab sponsored by Ford.
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10676502
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang%20Gongren
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Yang Gongren
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During Emperor Gaozu's reign
Emperor Gaozu soon made Yang Gongren the commandant at Liang Prefecture (涼州, roughly modern Wuwei, Gansu), because of his familiarity with the region. Yang was able to govern effectively, and it was said that tribes east of the Pamir Mountains were all nominally submitting to Tang as a result. At times, when Eastern Tujue forces attacked, he was able to repel them, but his own territory nevertheless suffered losses from Eastern Tujue raids. In winter 619, Yang was nominally given the title of Nayan (納言) -- the title for the head of the examination bureau, one considered as a post for a chancellor, but it was also explicitly stated that he did not actually take on the responsibilities of Nayan, but remained at Liang Prefecture.
In 623, Emperor Gaozu recalled Yang to Chang'an to be Zhongshu Ling (中書令), the head of the legislative bureau of government, considered to be a chancellor post as well. He also was made the minister of civil service affairs. He also continued to nominally serve as the commandant at Liang Prefecture.
In 626, Emperor Gaozu's son Li Shimin the Prince of Qin, in an intense rivalry with his brother Li Jiancheng the Crown Prince, ambushed Li Jiancheng and another brother, Li Yuanji the Prince of Qi (who supported Li Jiancheng) at Xuanwu Gate and killed them, and then effectively forced Emperor Gaozu to create him crown prince. He also took effective rein of the government and reorganized it. As part of the reorganization, Yang was removed from his posts, but remained a general.
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10676502
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang%20Gongren
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Yang Gongren
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During Emperor Taizong's reign
Two months later, Emperor Gaozu yielded the throne to Li Shimin, who became emperor (as Emperor Taizong). He initially made Yang Gongren to be the governor of the capital prefecture Yong Prefecture (雍州), and then made him the assistant to the commandant at Yang Prefecture (揚州, roughly modern Yangzhou) -- Emperor Taizong's favorite son Li Tai the Prince of Yue. (As Li Tai did not actually report to Yang Prefecture, Yang Gongren was effectively commandant.) In 631, he became the commandant at Luo Prefecture (洛州, roughly modern Luoyang, Henan), an important location as the effective eastern capital. At a later point, he retired, although the year of his retirement was not clear.
It was said at this time that Yang Gongren was humble and courteous, even to people who were below him in rank, and was compared to the humble Han dynasty chancellor Shi Qing (石慶). His clan became an honored one, as his younger brother Yang Shidao married Emperor Gaozu's daughter Princess Guiyang; his niece was wife and princess of Li Yuanji and later became a favorite concubine of Emperor Taizong; and his nephew Yang Sijing (楊思敬) married another daughter of Emperor Gaozu, the Princess Anping.
Yang died in 639. He was given posthumous honored and buried near the tomb of Emperor Taizong's wife Empress Zhangsun, which would eventually become Emperor Taizong's tomb as well.
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10676517
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20O%27Neill
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Arthur O'Neill
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Arthur Edward Bruce O'Neill (19 September 1876 – 6 November 1914), was an Irish Ulster Unionist Party politician who was the first Member of Parliament to be killed in World War I.
Early life
O'Neill was the second but eldest surviving son of Edward O'Neill, 2nd Baron O'Neill, and his wife Lady Louisa Katherine Emma (née Cochrane). Hugh O'Neill, later Baron Rathcavan, was his younger brother.
Career
Military career
O'Neill joined the British Army as a second lieutenant in the 2nd Regiment of Life Guards on 26 May 1897, and was promoted to lieutenant on 15 June 1898. He saw active service in South Africa between 1899 and 1900, during the Second Boer War, for which he was awarded the Queen's South Africa Medal with three clasps. On 3 January 1902 he was promoted to captain, and temporary appointed adjutant to the 2nd Life Guards.
O'Neill fought in the First World War as a captain in "A" Squadron 2nd Life Guards. He was killed in action at Klein Zillebeke ridge on 6 November 1914, aged 38, the first MP to be killed in the conflict. He is commemorated on the Menin Gate in Ypres. O'Neill is also commemorated on Panel 8 of the Parliamentary War Memorial in Westminster Hall, one of 22 MPs that died during World War I to be named on that memorial. O'Neill is one of 19 MPs who fell in the war who are commemorated by heraldic shields in the Commons Chamber. A further act of commemoration came with the unveiling in 1932 of a manuscript-style illuminated book of remembrance for the House of Commons, which includes a short biographical account of the life and death of O'Neill.
Political career
He was elected to the House of Commons for Mid-Antrim in January 1910, succeeding his uncle Robert Torrens O'Neill. His brother Hugh succeeded him as MP for Mid-Antrim.
Personal life
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10676540
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics%20at%20the%201956%20Summer%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20hammer%20throw
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Athletics at the 1956 Summer Olympics – Men's hammer throw
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The men's hammer throw was an event at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia. The qualifying round and the final both were held on Saturday November 24, 1956. There were 22 competitors from 14 nations. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The event was won by American Hal Connolly, the nation's first victory in the event since 1924 and seventh overall. Mikhail Krivonosov (silver) and Anatoli Samotsvetov (bronze) earned the Soviet Union's first medals in the event.
Background
This was the 12th appearance of the event, which has been held at every Summer Olympics except 1896. Four of the 25 finalists from the 1952 Games returned: gold medalist József Csermák of Hungary, seventh-place finisher Sverre Strandli of Norway, twenty-first-place finisher Peter Allday of Great Britain, and Mikhail Krivonosov of the Soviet Union, who had failed to set a legal mark in the final. Krivonosov had become one of the best hammer throwers in the world between the Games, winning the European championship and breaking the world record seven times. Krivonosov held the world record for almost two years, improving it almost 3 metres in the process. Earlier in the month, Hal Connolly had taken the world record, adding over a metre to the mark Mikhail Krivonosov had thrown just 11 days earlier.
Australia and Poland each made their debut in the event. The United States appeared for the 12th time, the only nation to have competed at each appearance of the event to that point.
Summary
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10676544
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lew%20Tendler
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Lew Tendler
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"Lefty" Lew Tendler (September 28, 1898, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – November 5, 1970, in Atlantic City, New Jersey) was an American boxer. He is generally considered one of the best boxers to never have won a world title, though he was a top rated contender for both the world light and welterweight championships.
The statistical boxing website BoxRec lists Tendler as the tenth ranked lightweight of all time, while The Ring Magazine founder Nat Fleischer placed him at #9.
He is a member of the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame, the Ring Magazine Hall of Fame, the World Boxing Hall of Fame, and the International Boxing Hall of Fame.
Early life and career
On September 28, 1898, in the South Philadelphia Jewish ghetto, Lew Tendler was born. Only two years after his birth, his father passed away after a protracted illness, leaving the family in dire financial problems. He began selling newspapers on a city street corner at the age of six, defending his territory from fierce rivals with his fists. He began boxing as an amateur around twelve, often competing in tournaments at local burlesque houses. Turning pro in 1913 at the age of fifteen, he began his career as a bantamweight. His first bout on November 6, 1913, against Mickey Brown, was arranged by Phil Glassman and the Philadelphia Newsboy Association.
In an important early career win, Tendler decisively defeated future world bantamweight champion Pete Herman on February 28, 1916, in six rounds, repeatedly scoring points with his right. Herman had difficulty mounting an effective defense, and bled from his nose through much of the bout where he caught frequent rights from Tendler. Herman would take the world bantamweight championship the following year and hold it almost continuously for four years.
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10676544
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lew%20Tendler
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Lew Tendler
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Close bouts with champion Johnny Dundee, 1917
On October 1, 1917, Tendler defeated future world junior lightweight champion Johnny Dundee in a close six-round newspaper decision in Philadelphia. Tendler took the lead in most of the fighting, used his reach advantage to dominate at long range, and landed more blows to take the decision. He finished strong in the sixth. On March 26, 1917, Tendler had previously defeated Dundee in another very close six-round newspaper decision of two Philadelphia papers, though one reporter felt the power of Dundee's blows to the head and body should have won him the decision.
Future world lightweight champion Rocky Kansas fell to Tendler on October 29, 1917, in a somewhat decisive six-round newspaper decision in Philadelphia according to a decision of the Philadelphia Record. Tendler scored with straight lefts, upper cuts and right crosses, and had the better of much of the fighting. In a closer first round, Kansas landed a powerful right to Tendler's ear. In two other meetings with Kansas, Tendler won a ten-round newspaper decision on New Years Day, 1919, but dropped a fifteen-round points decision on October 21, 1921, at New York's Madison Square Garden.
Tendler first decisively defeated Willie Jackson, a leading contender for the lightweight title in a six-round newspaper decision in Philadelphia, on January 7, 1918. Tendler forced the fighting from the opening round, showed better defense, and gave Jackson a beating in nearly every round. Jackson was able to score only when coming out of clinches at close range. Tendler defeated Jackson again that year in a fifteen-round points decision in New Haven, and continued to gain victory over Jackson in Philadelphia and Milwaukee by newspaper decisions once a year from 1919 to 1921.
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10676544
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lew%20Tendler
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Lew Tendler
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Attempts at lightweight championship against Benny Leonard, 1922-3
On July 27, 1922, Tendler fell to fellow Jewish boxer Benny Leonard in a twelve-round newspaper decision in Jersey City in a lightweight world title match, that may have been the most remarkable bout of Tendler's career. Before a record audience of over 60,000 enthralled fans, Leonard won five rounds, Tendler four, with three even. Tendler may have led in the first five rounds, as Leonard could not adjust to or penetrate his unique Southpaw stance, style, and defense. In the eighth, Tendler crashed a terrific left to the midsection which had followed a left to the head, and Leonard held on to Tendler as he sank to one knee. Then Leonard rose and distracted Tendler by mumbling a few words, then going to a clinche to rest for much of the remainder of the round. Tendler never delivered the follow-up knockout blow, and Leonard, getting time to recover, dominated the next seven rounds. In their last meeting on July 24, 1923, Leonard won a unanimous fifteen-round decision at Yankee Stadium before an extraordinary crowd of 58,000. The bout took place in the Bronx in another lightweight world title match. Leonard excelled in the speed and precision of his attack, while still managing to ward off most of his opponent's blows, particularly Tendler's strong left. Leonard demonstrated his mastery of ring tactics against an opponent who became sluggish, and was unable to mount the offensive he had shown in their bout the previous July. By one account, Leonard managed to land three blows for every one of Tendler's, demonstrating his speed and mastery of tactics. With the huge crowd, Leonard's take home pay exceeded $130,000, an extraordinary sum for the era.
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10676544
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lew%20Tendler
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Lew Tendler
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Tendler first defeated Sailor Friedman, a highly rated lightweight, on December 16, 1921, in an eight-round newspaper decision at New York's Madison Square Garden. Tendler floored Friedman four times in the second round in the Garden. Friedman came back hard in the fourth, staggering Tendler with a left to the jaw, and performed well in the fifth. The combatants went back and forth in the following rounds, though Friedman continued do land a few solid blows as late as the twelfth and fourteenth. In three previous meetings that year, on September 13, August 24, and February 28, Tendler won in newspaper decisions in Milwaukee, and Philadelphia.
Tendler defeated reigning world light heavyweight champion Pinky Mitchell in their last meeting on February 18, 1924, in a close ten-round newspaper decision in Milwaukee. The Wisconsin State Journal considered the non-title bout slow and wrote that Tendler's blows lacked steam. Had Mitchell been two pounds lighter, and been knocked out, Tendler would have taken the junior welterweight championship. Tendler had defeated Mitchell in a previous meeting on May 19, 1920, in another ten-round newspaper decision in Milwaukee. Tendler got his range in the final seven rounds, and won points for taking the offense through most of the bout. His defense was exceptional, though Mitchell's defense kept him from harm and he benefited somewhat from greater reach.
Attempt at welterweight championship against Mickey Walker, 1924
Tendler fell to Mickey Walker in a ten-round unanimous decision on June 2, 1924, in an attempt at the National Boxing Association (NBA) world welterweight championship. The Pittsburgh Post gave Walker five rounds with only the seventh and eighth to Tendler. In a fast and exciting bout, Tendler drove Walker from rope to rope in the seventh with rights and lefts to the body and head, looking like he might take the decision. Walker had an edge in the final two rounds, however, as Tendler tired, and scored most frequently with blows to the body.
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10676551
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh%20Davis%20Cup%20team
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Bangladesh Davis Cup team
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The Bangladesh Davis Cup team represents Bangladesh in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Bangladesh Tennis Federation.
Bangladesh currently competes in the Asia/Oceania Zone of Group IV.
In the 2022 Davis Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group IV, Bangladesh lost both matches 3–0, against Sri Lanka and Kyrgyzstan and finished last in their group.
History
Bangladesh made its Davis Cup debut in 1986. They reached the semi-finals three years later, in the 1989 Davis Cup, held in Singapore. Bangladesh hosted the 1998 Davis Cup in Dhaka, where eight countries participated including Bangladesh, Bahrain, Iraq, Pacific Oceania, and Brunei. The Bangladesh team were runners-up in the group level. The youngest player to play in Davis Cup is from Bangladesh and his name is Mohammed-Akhtar Hossain. He was 13 years and 326 days when he played Myanmar in 2003. Bangladesh played in Asia/Oceania Zone Group III in the Davis Cup 2012. but was relegated to Group IV the following year. They have remained in this group since then.
Current team
The 2022 Davis Cup team consists of:
Md Juel Rana
Md Kawsar Ali
Md Rubel Hossain
Ranjan Ram
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10676573
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosman%20Rugby%20Club
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Mosman Rugby Club
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Mosman Rugby Club (known as The Mosman Whales) is an Australian rugby union club. It is based is Mosman on the Lower North Shore of Sydney. Home games are played at Rawson Oval and Balmoral Oval. Mosman won the first Kentwell Cup in 1923 and Mosman continues to compete in Division One of the New South Wales Suburban Rugby Union.
Early years
Mosman's first rugby team was formed in 1893 and played its first match wearing a variety of dark jumpers with single white stars stitched on the front. It did not become a club or compete in official competitions until the following year.
The suburb's first rugby club was formed in 1894 as Mosman's Bay Junior Football Club and entered the Third Junior 'B' Division involving ten teams. The club's colours were officially listed as 'Navy with 4 inch Pink Band'.
Mosman played its first match on 26 May 1894 against 'Union', a junior club from inner-Sydney, and finished its inaugural season in 7th place with four wins and five losses.
One of Mosman's foundation players was Denis 'Dinny' Lutge who would become Mosman's only dual rugby international. After joining North Sydney in 1900 he played in Australia's inaugural Rugby Union test against New Zealand in August 1903 and three tests against the visiting Great Britain side in 1904.
In 1908 Lutge joined the switch to Rugby League and played against New Zealand in Australia's first official Rugby League series. When the first Kangaroos were selected to visit Great Britain in 1908–09, he was elected tour captain by the players.
Sydney's sub-districts rugby (now known as the New South Wales Suburban Rugby Union or Subbies) gained its first major trophy in 1923, when W. H. Kentwell, then president of Mosman Rugby, presented the Kentwell Cup. Eight teams competed in that first Kentwell Cup, with Mosman the winner. It remains the trophy of Subbies First Division. In 1924, Mosman's vice-president, James A. Burke, presented the Burke Cup for subdistricts second graders.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics%20at%20the%201956%20Summer%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20discus%20throw
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Athletics at the 1956 Summer Olympics – Men's discus throw
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The men's discus throw was an event at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia. Twenty athletes from 15 nations competed. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The qualifying round and the final both were held on Tuesday November 27, 1956. The event was won by Al Oerter of the United States, the nation's second consecutive and ninth overall victory in the men's discus throw. It was the first of four straight gold medals for Oerter. The United States earned its second medal sweep in the event (after 1908), as Fortune Gordien took silver and Des Koch took bronze. Gordien became the fifth man to win two medals in the event, and the first to do so in non-consecutive Games (silver in 1948, fourth place in 1952). Italy's three-Games medal streak in the event ended.
Background
This was the 13th appearance of the event, which is one of 12 athletics events to have been held at every Summer Olympics. Returning finalists from the 1952 Games were silver medalist (and 1948 gold medalist) Adolfo Consolini of Italy, fourth-place finisher (and 1948 bronze medalist) Fortune Gordien of the United States, fifth-place finisher Ferenc Klics of Hungary, and sixth-place finisher Oto Grigalka and tenth-place finisher Boris Matveyev of the Soviet Union. Consolini, the two-time Olympic medalist and three-time European champion, was the "slight favorite".
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10676657
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind%20power%20in%20Europe
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Wind power in Europe
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As of 2023, Europe had a total installed wind capacity of 255 gigawatts (GW). In 2017, a total of 15,680 MW of wind power was installed, representing 55% of all new power capacity, and the wind power generated 336 TWh of electricity, enough to supply 11.6% of the EU's electricity consumption.
In Q4 2023, wind power exceeded coal in European electricity generation for the first time, generating 193 TWh compared to coal's 184 TWh. Despite wind installation challenges, wind generation rose by 20% from 2022. New policies aim to further boost wind power in 2024.
The European Wind Energy Association (now WindEurope) has estimated that 230 gigawatts of wind capacity will be installed in Europe by 2020, consisting of 190 GW onshore and 40 GW offshore. This would produce 14-17% of the EU's electricity, avoiding 333 million tonnes of CO2 per year and saving Europe €28 billion a year in fuel costs.
Research from a wide variety of sources in various European countries shows that support for wind power is consistently about 80 per cent among the general public.
By 2020, 56% wind power penetration was achieved in Denmark, 36% in Lithuania, 35% in Ireland, 23% in Portugal, 23% in Germany, 20% in Spain, 18% in Greece, 16% in Sweden, 15% (avg) in the EU.
EU Wind Power Package
The European Commission introduced the European Wind Power Package in October 2023, which incorporates the European Wind Power Action Plan. This plan aims to streamline wind energy deployment by expediting processes such as permitting and auction design, with an emphasis on increasing investment in offshore wind and ocean energies.
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10676657
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind%20power%20in%20Europe
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Wind power in Europe
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Ireland is the best location in Europe for wind power as it is situated on the Western edge of Europe and is exposed to high winds from the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea. Wind power capacity factors tend to be higher in Ireland than anywhere else. By the end of 2019 the installed capacity of wind power in Ireland was 4,155 megawatts, generating 36.3% of Ireland's electrical power in 2020.
Most wind farms in Ireland are located in coastal regions and especially in the West of Ireland. However, the Irish Sea is getting some attention and the first offshore wind farm in Ireland is located a few kilometres north of Arklow and 10 km out to sea and is known as the Arklow Bank Wind Park. This is set to expand in the future. Other proposals are an offshore wind farm on the Kish Bank which is about 15 kilometers offshore from Dublin, the capital city. With another planned wind farm at Clogherhead (north of Drogheda, south of Dundalk), to be called the Oriel Wind Farm. The Codling windfarm, planned for the south Irish Sea, will have a capacity of 1100 MW with 330 turbines, giving a huge boost to wind generated power in Ireland.
Lithuania
Wind energy is set to become Lithuania's main electricity source, projected to account for at least 70% by 2030, according to the International Energy Agency's (IEA) 2021 Energy Policy Review. This reflects Lithuania's strategy to be electricity self-sufficient by 2050, reducing current import needs from 70% to zero. The country encourages decentralized energy production, including wind power, with subsidies, net metering, and virtual power plants. To handle wind energy's variability, Lithuania plans to implement hydrogen storage for offshore wind by 2030. Litgrid, the national grid operator, is focusing on integrating more wind and solar power, essential for supporting energy generation by prosumers and aligning with EU sustainable energy goals.
Romania
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10676657
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind%20power%20in%20Europe
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Wind power in Europe
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1.8 GW of new wind power capacity was brought online during 2012, a 30% increase of the total UK installed capacity. 2012 was a significant year for the offshore wind industry with 4 large wind farms becoming operational with over 1.1 GW of generating capability coming on stream.
Through the Renewables Obligation, British electricity suppliers are now required by law to provide a proportion of their sales from renewable sources such as wind power or pay a penalty fee. The supplier then receives a Renewables Obligation Certificate (ROC) for each MW·h of electricity they have purchased. Within the United Kingdom, wind power is the second largest source of renewable energy after biomass.
Wind power is expected to continue growing in the United Kingdom for the foreseeable future – RenewableUK estimated in 2010 that more than 2,000 MW of capacity would be deployed per year for the next five years. By 2020, the United Kingdom is expected to have more than 28,000 MW of wind capacity. By 2050, UK government plans to cut carbon emissions to zero by using wind power.
Europe's Wind Energy Event
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10676657
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind%20power%20in%20Europe
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Wind power in Europe
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In the Europe's Premier Wind Energy Event February 2013 wind was evaluated by Robert Clover from MAKE Consulting as the cheapest electricity technology after 2020 meeting 50% of electricity demand in Europe by 2050. According to Fatih Birol, Chief Economist at the International Energy Agency, without phasing out fossil fuel subsidies, the EU will not reach its climate targets. The fossil fuel subsidies were half a trillion dollars in 2011. The biggest challenges of wind energy is the lack of predictability of government policies, and not the lack of predictability of wind power, according to Birol. Retroactive policy changes have also undermined investment in renewable energy projects. The European wind industry needs skilled workforce. The EU wind energy capacity in the end of 2012 was 105.6 GW. Renewable energy represented 69% of new power capacity in 2012, while fuel oil, coal and nuclear capacity saw negative growth due to decommissioning.
Public opinion
Recent public opinion surveys about wind power at both the EU and the country level shows that wind energy, being a clean and renewable energy source, is traditionally linked to very strong and stable levels of public support. About 80 per cent of EU citizens support wind power. Despite overwhelming popular support in the abstract, wind farm projects at times raise local opposition, especially in locations closer to populations or to woodland wildlife. For instance, a wind project in Ripfjallet, Sweden in 2020 has been opposed by a group of local residents who wish to maintain the historical landscape. They succeeded in arranging a local referendum scheduled for 22 June 2020 to determine the future of the project. In Germany, a government agency found that there were 325 active lawsuits against wind projects as of January 2020, often on the basis of protecting ecology and wildlife.
Statistics
Installed wind power capacity
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10676664
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics%20at%20the%201956%20Summer%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20shot%20put
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Athletics at the 1956 Summer Olympics – Men's shot put
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The men's shot put was an event at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia. The event was also known at the time as putting the weight. The qualifying round and the final both were held on Wednesday November 28, 1956. Fourteen shot putters from ten nations competed. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress.
Parry O'Brien had held the world record for three years. In that time he had added a meter and a quarter to the previous record, including the current world record he had set just two months earlier. He was also the defending champion. On his first throw of the competition, he improved upon his own Olympic record with a 17.92m. Jiří Skobla moved into second place with 17.39m. In the second round, O'Brien threw a second Olympic record 18.47m, which would prove to be enough to win the competition. Bill Nieder moved into second place with a 17.61m, improving to a 17.81m in the third round which proved to be enough to take silver. While he didn't improve, O'Brien threw consistently just behind his second round mark. His best throw was in the fifth round, his third Olympic record of the day . Any of O'Brien's last five throws would have won the competition. Just before the 18.57, Nieder threw his best of 18.18m. During that fifth round, Ken Bantum briefly moved into bronze medal position with a 17.48m putting the American team in a position to sweep the event for the second time in a row, before Skobla threw three additional cm past him. On his final throw Skobla threw his best of 17.65m. O'Brien's victory was the third consecutive and 11th overall victory for an American shot putter; O'Brien was the fourth man to win two shot put medals and the second man to win two gold medals. It was the third straight Games in which the United States took the first two places, with Skobla's bronze (Czechoslovakia's first shot put medal since 1932) blocking a third straight medal sweep for the Americans.
Background
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10676674
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keating%21
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Keating!
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Background
Paul Keating was the Labor Prime Minister of Australia from 1991 to 1996, ascending to the office after two leadership challenges against his predecessor, Bob Hawke. As Prime Minister, he was interested in a "big picture" approach to government, engaging with issues such as a closer relationship with Asia, Aboriginal reconciliation and the formation of an Australian republic. His government was defeated in the 1996 federal election by the Liberal-National Coalition under John Howard. Writer Casey Bennetto was inspired to write a musical about Keating following his disappointment at the result of the 2004 federal election, which saw the Howard government returned for a fourth term. "It was time to have a laugh at it," he said. He says Keating's story appealed to him because of its classic dramatic structure, that of a man who struggles, "makes it to the top" and must compete against "three bad guys"—successive Opposition leaders John Hewson, Alexander Downer and John Howard. Bennetto believed Keating's colourful personality made him an "ideal" character for musical theatre, citing the former Prime Minister's reputation for being sharp-tongued, wearing Zegna suits and collecting antique clocks. Bennetto wrote the show in eight weeks, drawing on Keating biography Recollections of a Bleeding Heart by Don Watson. He describes it as a "ridiculously pro-Paul Keating" piece which ultimately aims to be funny and entertaining.
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10676674
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keating%21
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Keating!
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Music
The songs of Keating! employ a wide range of musical styles, including bossa nova, blues, rap, reggae, soul, swing and beer-barrel waltz. Mara Lazzarotto Davis has written an academic study of Casey Bennetto's "Keating!" as a generic hybrid - deftly blending vaudeville, theatre and musical comedy (""Flicking the Switch: Vaudeville Traditions and Myth-Making in Keating!" in Sydney Undergraduate Journal of Musicology, Vol. 5, December 2015). The lyrics frequently draw on quotes from the real Keating and other political figures, particularly in "On The Floor" which contains numerous verbatim quotes from Keating's debates with Hewson. In expanding the show for the Company B production Bennetto wrote six new songs, adding an Act One "curtain" number ("Sweet"), an exploration of Keating's time in office ("The Arse End of the Earth"), two songs on Aboriginal reconciliation and native title ("Redfern" and "Ma(m)bo") and another song for Howard ("The Mateship"). "Dogs of Damnation", a song from the original version in which Evans warns Keating that his political life is limited, was replaced by the similarly themed "The Beginning Is The End".
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10676738
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupa%20Bhawani
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Rupa Bhawani
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Mata Rupa Bhawani (c. 1621 – c. 1721 birth name: Alakheswari ) was a Kashmiri poet. Bhawani was a 17th-century Hindu saint who lived in present-day Kashmir.
Early life
She was the daughter of Pandit Madhav Joo Dhar, a resident of Khankah-i-Shokta, Nawakadal (now Srinagar), in the early 17th century. He introduced her to the practices of yoga.
Oral and written legend has it that Madhav Joo Dhar was an ardent devotee of Mata Sharika (Kali). He visited her temple daily at Hari Parvat to pray and asked for a daughter. Bhawani was born to Joo's wife on Poornamashi in the month of Zyeth (Jyeshta) in 1621. The exact year of her birth varies in a different account between 1620 and 1624. Bhawani followed her father in pursuit of God and spirituality.
Career
Even after her marriage at an early age, she often visited Hari Parvat to perform her Sadhana at midnight. This raised questions about her, as a woman out on her own. Her mother-in-law and husband mistreated her. Ultimately, she left her in-law's house in the pursuit of God.
Bhawani performed her Sadhana in solitude at Chashme Shahbi, Manigam, at Ganderbal district in J&K Lar and Vaskura. These places, including her birthplace at Safa Kadal, are now famous as Ropa Bhawani Asthapanas.
Mata Rupa Bhawani died on maag gat’tu pachh satam in 1721 AD. This day became known as Sahib Saptami and is observed by Hindus in Kashmir.
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10676785
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright%20law%20of%20Azerbaijan
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Copyright law of Azerbaijan
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Copyright law in Azerbaijan governs copyright in Azerbaijan. The status of copyright law and its protection is regulated by the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan signed in 1996. The Law on Copyright and Related Rights regulates the relations that arise while creating or using scientific and literary works, as well as works of art. According to this law, adjacent rights to performances, phonograms, and the transfer of broadcasting and cable broadcasting organizations are also streamlined. The Law was amended in 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2013, 2017, 2018 and 2021.
Azerbaijan is one of the 190 members of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).
The legislative framework
The legal framework of the Law on Copyright and Related Rights includes the Law itself, the Civil Code and legislative acts of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
Legislative acts related to copyright and related rights:
Law on Entrepreneurship (December 15, 1992);
Law on Culture; (December 21, 2012)
The Act on the Theaters; (December 26, 2006)
Law on Cinematography; (July 3, 1998)
Law on Broadcasting; (June 25, 2002)
Law on Advertising and others; (May 15, 2015)
Law on e-commerce; (January 1, 2017)
Law on Electronic Signature and Electronic Document Management. (March 9, 2004)
State policy in the field of copyright
The main bodies providing protection of copyright law and related rights are the Intellectual Property Rights Protection Center (the Law on the Protection of Intellectual Property in Azerbaijan was signed in 1996) and the Republican Agency for the Protection of Copyright and Related Rights. There is also a national registry on copyright laws’ protection on the Internet. In case of copyright infringement, the interference of the Ministry of Internal Affairs is mandatory.
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10676802
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Settlers%20%28band%29
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The Settlers (band)
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The Settlers were an English folk-orientated music group, originally from the English West Midlands, who formed in the mid-1960s. The band folded in the early 1980s, relaunched in 2018, and disbanded again in 2021.
Formation and genre
The group started as a trio, but almost immediately expanded by adding a bassist to their line-up. The original members were:
Cynthia "Cindy" Kent MBE (vocals and tambourine), born 7 August 1945, Oldbury, Worcestershire;
Mike Jones (vocals and guitar), born Michael Edwin Jones, 16 September 1943, Burton-on-Trent, Staffordshire, died 11 May 2008, Exeter, Devon;
John Fyffe (banjo), born 3 July 1943, Uddingston, South Lanarkshire, Scotland;
Mansel Davies (double bass), born 22 March 1942, Newquay, Cornwall.
The Settlers were initially known as the Birmingham Folk Four, in July 1963 but became known as the Settlers after the relative success of their first single, "Settle Down". A six-month residency on a BBC television series, Singalong, led to support bookings on tours with, among others, Dusty Springfield, Roy Orbison and the Small Faces. The Settlers have generally been referred to as a folk group. However, like the Seekers, the successful Australian group with which they shared marked similarities, some of their material gravitated towards mainstream pop which, taking its cue from American singer-songwriters Bob Dylan and Joan Baez and such groups as Peter, Paul and Mary, We Five, and The Byrds, readily absorbed folk influences in various ways in the mid-1960s. The Settlers’ melodic style was largely settled before the advent of British folk-rock in the guise of Fairport Convention and Pentangle later in the sixties.
In 1969, the band appeared with Cliff Richard, Una Stubbs, and William Hartnell amongst others in Life With Johnny, a six-part religious themed drama serial on ITV. The series, produced by Tyne Tees TV, was not networked and thus reached a limited audience. Only three of the six episodes have survived.
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10676872
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen%20Dreyfus
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Karen Dreyfus
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Karen Dreyfus is a violist who currently teaches at the USC Thornton School of Music. Ms. Dreyfus has distinguished herself as a recipient of many prizes, including the Naumburg Viola Competition (1982), the Lionel Tertis International Viola Competition (1980), the Washington International Competition (1979), and the Hudson Valley Competition (1978). Ms. Dreyfus has concertized extensively in the United States, Canada, Europe, Asia, and South America.
Some of her musical collaborations have been with Musicians From Marlboro, New York Philomusica, Theater Chamber Players of the Kennedy Center, the New York Philharmonic, and the Orpheus Chamber Orchestra. She has performed in recital with Yehudi Menuhin at Carnegie Hall and has also collaborated with such artists as Rudolf Serkin; Alexander Schneider; Leon Fleisher; Chick Corea; and her husband, Glenn Dicterow.
Early life
Born into a family of musicians, she began studying the violin with her father, a member of the Philadelphia Orchestra, and later decided to pursue a career on the viola under the tutelage of Leonard Mogill. Other teachers have included Heidi Castleman and Martha Katz. A 1979 graduate of the Curtis Institute of Music, where she studied with Michael Tree and Karen Tuttle, Ms. Dreyfus moved to the New York area, where she performs solo concerts and chamber music recitals and teaches viola, orchestral excerpts, and chamber music.
Career
Ms. Dreyfus has also served on the faculties of the Third Street Music School Settlement, SUNY Purchase, and Queens College. In 2001 she began teaching a class in orchestral repertoire at Juilliard. Ms. Dreyfus is a co-founding member of the Lyric Piano Quartet, which is quartet in residence at Queens College. She has had many pieces written for her and has premiered pieces by composers such as Ezra Laderman, Elizabeth Brown, and William Thomas McKinley, among others.
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10676901
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andorra%20Davis%20Cup%20team
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Andorra Davis Cup team
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The Andorra Davis Cup team represents Andorra in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Federació Andorrana de Tennis.
Andorra currently competes in the Europe Zone of Group IV, and have done so since 2008. They reached Group II in 2003, losing to Greece in the first round 1-4 and to Egypt 2-3 in the relegation play-off.
Jean-Baptiste Poux-Gautier holds most if not all of Andorra's individual player records.
History
Andorra competed in its first Davis Cup in 2000, beginning in Europe Group IV. For much of its history, the team has yo-yoed up and down group levels. They won promotion to Group 3 in 2001, and then promotion to Group 2 the following year.
In 2003 in Europe/Africa Group II, Andorra lost to Greece in their first round tie 1-4, in a tie played in April at the Poliesportiv d'Andorra on indoor carpet. In the opening rubber, Kenneth Tuilier-Curco was soundly beaten by Vasilis Mazarakis 1-6, 0-6, 1-6. In the next match, Andorra's second winningest player in its history, Joan Jimenez-Herrara, fared better but still bowed out in straight sets, to Konstantinos Economidis 4-6, 4-6, 3-6. Jimenez-Herrara and Pau Gerbaud-Farras fought back from two sets down in the doubles rubber but lost the fifth set to Mazarakis and Economidis 4-6. Marc Vilanova was credited with a consolation dead rubber match win in a walk over his opponent.
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10676912
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superiority%20%28short%20story%29
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Superiority (short story)
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"Superiority" is a science fiction short story by British writer Arthur C. Clarke, first published in 1951. It depicts an arms race during an interstellar war. It shows the side which is more technologically advanced being defeated, despite its apparent superiority, because of its willingness to discard old technology without having fully perfected the new. Meanwhile, the enemy steadily built up a far larger arsenal of weapons that while more primitive were also more reliable. The story was at one point required reading for an industrial design course at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Plot
The story is told in the form of a letter of pleading to a court deciding the fate of the former commander of a great allied space fleet. He starts the letter by describing that their final defeat was due not to the inferiority of their forces, but their superiority.
When the war opens, the allied forces have a great advantage both in number of spaceships and the power of their weapons. At the Battle of the Five Suns the enemy does surprisingly well, although ultimately losing. Spooked, the allies confer with their new Chief of the Research Staff, Professor-General Norden. He states their existing weapons have reached the limits of the potential and begins development of terrifyingly powerful new weapons.
The first of these is repeatedly delayed, and the allies pause their attacks while they wait for their ships to be fitted with the new missiles. The enemy uses these delays to capture several former allied systems. Instead of simply counterattacking with their current weapons, Norden develops still newer weapons that will make up for these losses. Each is temporarily successful, but each invariably leads to insurmountable problems and further losses.
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10676992
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faustino%20Oramas
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Faustino Oramas
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Faustino Oramas Osorio (4 June 1911 – 27 March 2007), better known as El Guayabero, was a Cuban trova singer, tres guitarist and composer. Most of his repertoire consisted of sones and guaracha-sones, many with double entendres in the lyrics. His composition "Candela" gained international fame due to its inclusion in the Buena Vista Social Club album.
Career
When he was 15 years old he began playing the maracas as part of a septet of sones known as La Tropical made up by some friends with the purpose of enjoying and performing at the country dances. During the 1940s, he began his career as composer with "Tumbaíto", a song that was included in Libertad Lamarque's repertoire and title he used as an alias for some time. Afterwards, he composed two sones, "Como vengo este año" and "El Guayabero". He composed the latter when he was performing as tres player in the Trovadores Holguineros ensemble. Pacho Alonso, the well-known Cuban musician, first heard the song and then recorded it in a long-playing record that toured across the world. Later on, the Orquesta Original de Manzanillo used the refrain in a tribute to Faustino who, since then, was known as "El Guayabero".
Skillful master of the double meaning, the Cuban's idiosyncrasy, his ingenuity, witty remarks and his love for highly erotic themes amusingly disguised are some of his main features. Unlike most trovadors, Oramas played sones rather than boleros, though this was also true, to some extent, of the famous Trio Matamoros. His preferred instrument was the tres, which is a typical instrument of the son; most other trovadors such as María Teresa Vera or Carlos Puebla played the Spanish guitar. However, his backing groups usually included a Spanish guitar in the basic rhythm.
He composed the song "Candela" of the Buena Vista Social Club (1997) recording, which was a worldwide hit. Wim Wenders directed a documentary film of the musicians involved, Buena Vista Social Club (1999) which was nominated for an Academy Award in 2000.
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10677076
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester%20City%20Police
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Leicester City Police
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The city of Leicester in England was policed independently until 1 April 1967 when its police force was merged with the Leicestershire and Rutland Constabulary to form the Leicester and Rutland Constabulary.
From about 1750 until September 1835 the borough corporation appointed
night watchmen and day "police".
Under the Municipal Corporations Act the councillors of Leicester were required to appoint a Watch Committee and to make arrangements for the proper policing of the town.
The Leicester Borough Police force was established in January 1836. The first headquarters was in the medieval Leicester Guildhall. In 1875, the headquarters moved to the Leicester Town Hall. In 1933, the city's police force moved into its own new purpose-built Leicester City Police Headquarters, designed by G. Noel Hill and A.T. Gooseman in the Leicester City Architects' Department..
The first Inspector and "Head Constable" was Frederick Goodyer who previously served with the Metropolitan Police in London since 1829. There were initially five sergeants and fifty constables in the force.
The last Chief Constable of the Leicester City Police was Robert Mark who later became the Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police.
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10677136
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toongabbie%2C%20Victoria
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Toongabbie, Victoria
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Toongabbie is a town located in the City of Latrobe and Shire of Baw Baw, Victoria, Australia, from Melbourne and just north of Traralgon. The railway station was closed in 1986 and the former railway line has now been incorporated into the Gippsland Plains Rail Trail. At the , Toongabbie had a population of 500.
The main attraction in Toongabbie is the Ned Stringer Memorial located on Hower Street.
Toongabbie Primary School opened in 1856 and the school is still open to date.
The hotel in Toongabbie known as the club hotel closed down in 1913.
Toongabbie Post Office opened on 1 December 1865.
Toongabbie had an Australian Rules club which quit in 1999.
History
Toongabbie was an important town that acted as a supply depot en route to the Walhalla Goldfields. Initially, goods were transported between Toongabbie and Walhalla by horse and as Walhalla boomed, Toongabbie's carrying industry boomed as well. With the advent of railways in the 1870s and 1880s transportation of goods into Toongabbie was mostly via train and then local carriers to Walhalla. Walhalla then decided that a railway direct to Walhalla was needed and it was decided that Moe would be the starting point. This was bad news for Toongabbie which over the coming years saw many local carriers selling their horses and the town returned to farming. Toongabbie did try to find alternative income sources in oil, marble and gold but these were not successful long term.
Ned Stringer
There is a memorial for Ned Stringer on the corner of Hower and O’Meara St Toongabbie. Ned Stringer discovered gold in 1862 in a creek which was later named Stringers Creek. This was an important gold discovery that started the gold rush at Walhalla.
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10677276
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puti%20Tipene%20Watene
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Puti Tipene Watene
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Puti Tipene "Steve" Watene (18 August 1910 – 14 June 1967) was a New Zealand rugby league footballer and politician. He was the first Māori to captain the New Zealand league side and he is the only person to both represent the New Zealand national rugby league team and become a Member of Parliament.
Early years and personal life
Watene was born in Thames in 1910. He attended Thames High School, Opotiki District High School and then the Māori Agriculture College in Hawkes Bay before he moved to Auckland where he worked as a labourer and a clerk.
He was a strong member of the Mormon faith, and a member of the Ngāti Maru and Te Arawa tribes. He is the great-grandfather of rugby league player Dallin Watene-Zelezniak.
Rugby league
In Auckland Watene joined the City rugby league club in the Auckland Rugby League competition in 1929 after switching from the Manukau rugby club during the season and represented and captained Auckland. He debuted for Auckland in a 22–19 win over Northland at Carlaw Park. In the 1933 Auckland Rugby League season Watene top scored in the senior grade competitions with 77 points from 1 try, 26 conversions and 11 penalties. In 1936 Watene joined the newly re-formed Manukau side. He was the club's captain and played a major role in attracting many other Māori players to the club. As a result, Manukau quickly became a force in the Auckland competition, winning both the Fox Memorial and Roope Rooster in their debut year. He also played lock for the New Zealand Māori rugby league team, who secured a famous 16–5 victory over Australia in 1937 at Carlaw Park in front of 11,000 spectators.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puti%20Tipene%20Watene
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Puti Tipene Watene
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Watene was first selected for the New Zealand national rugby league team while only 19 in 1930 and played for them until 1937. Watene was part of the first ever Auckland Māori rugby league team which played 4 matches in 1934 of which he played in all of them. He played 2 further matches in 1935. He also captained the New Zealand national rugby league team in 1936 and 1937, becoming the first Māori to do so. In 1943 he played a preseason match for Newton Rangers before returning to his Manukau side which won the Fox Memorial, Rukutai Shield, Roope Rooster, and Stormont Shield. They were the first club to ever achieve this feat. During the season he also captained a City Rovers side which played Wellington Māori at Newtown Park in Wellington. The City side lost 31–13. The following season he became captain coach of the Newton Rangers before retiring from the game.
After retiring he remained involved in rugby league, coaching and selecting representative sides and working as an administrator. In 2008 he was named a New Zealand Rugby League Legend of League.
Politics
Watene was politically active and during the 1951 waterfront dispute he toured the districts on behalf of the New Zealand Waterside Workers’ Union, urging Māori not to work as strike breakers.
In 1953 he was elected to the Mount Wellington Borough Council. He served until 1956, after which Mt Wellington named a street, Watene Road, after him.
He moved to Petone in 1956, working as a hostel manager and industrial welfare officer, and between 1962 and 1965 he served on the Petone Borough Council.
Watene also served on the New Zealand Māori Council.
Member of Parliament
A member of the New Zealand Labour Party, Watene had served on the national executive for six years before being elected as the Member of Parliament for Eastern Maori in November 1963, following the retirement of Rātana MP Tiaki Omana. As a Mormon, Watene's election broke the Rātana stranglehold on the Māori seats.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Mark
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Robert Mark
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Sir Robert Mark (13 March 1917 – 30 September 2010) was a senior British police officer who served as Chief Constable of Leicester City Police, and later as Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police from 1972 to 1977.
Mark was the first Metropolitan Commissioner to have risen through all the ranks from the lowest to the highest (a route followed by all subsequent Commissioners), although a few predecessors had served as Constables prior to fast-track promotion.
Early life
Mark was born in Chorlton-cum-Hardy, a suburb of Manchester, the youngest of five children of a prosperous mantle manufacturer originally from Yorkshire. He was educated at William Hulme's Grammar School, where he was undistinguished academically, but became captain of rugby and head prefect.
Police career begins
When he left school in 1935 he got a job as a carpet salesman, but finding this boring, in 1937 he joined Manchester City Police as a constable, much to the dismay of his father, who considered it beneath him and said becoming a policeman was only one step above going to prison. While still a probationer he joined the plain clothes branch, mainly dealing with vice, and in 1938 he joined Special Branch.
Army service
In 1942, he joined the British Army, trained at Sandhurst. Mark recalled a test for claustrophobia which involved being tipped down a 45-degree drainpipe into a pitch black chamber with two false and one actual exit.
He was commissioned into the Royal Armoured Corps in October 1943. He initially served with the 108th Regiment (Lancashire Fusiliers), but through the influence of his elder brother James, who worked at the War Office, he then transferred to the Manchester Regiment in December 1943, attached to the GHQ Liaison Regiment, known as Phantom, which provided liaison with special forces units. With them, he took part in the Normandy landings. In 1945 he was promoted captain and posted to the military government at Bad Oeynhausen in Germany, where he remained until his demobilisation as a major in 1947.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Mark
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Robert Mark
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CID reform
The Metropolitan Police had recently been rocked by exposure of massive corruption in the Criminal Investigation Department, and Mark, with the famous pronouncement, that "a good police force is one that catches more crooks than it employs", set about attempting to reform it. He changed disciplinary procedures, returned many detectives to uniform, made a number of television appearances praising the uniformed branch following student unrest and protests against the Vietnam War, and began to gather around him a group of loyal, ambitious uniformed officers who had not graduated from the old Hendon Police College.
The uniformed branch began to gain precedence and CID was increasingly put under uniformed command. In 1971, with Brodie, an old-school officer who commanded CID, out of the country, Mark formed A10, a special unit established to investigate corruption. Among those rooted out were Commander Kenneth Drury, head of the Flying Squad, and Detective Chief Superintendent Bill Moody, head of the Obscene Publications Squad and ironically also of the Anti-Corruption Squad. Both were jailed, along with several other officers, and nearly 500 more were dismissed or forced to resign.
In general, he was supported by the uniformed branch, who were themselves exasperated with CID corruption.
Appointed Commissioner
Following Waldron's retirement, he was appointed Commissioner on 17 April 1972. Brodie took early retirement the day before and was replaced by Assistant Commissioner "B" Colin Woods, who had never previously served in CID. Mark continued to root out corruption, ably assisted by his Deputy Commissioner, Sir James Starritt. He also had to deal with the increase in IRA terrorism, including the Balcombe Street Siege, and also the Knightsbridge Spaghetti House Siege, taking personal command of both.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Parr%20%28colonial%20governor%29
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John Parr (colonial governor)
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John Parr (20 December 1725, Dublin, Ireland – 25 November 1791, Halifax, Nova Scotia) was a British military officer and governor of Nova Scotia. He is buried in the crypt of St. Paul's Church.
Early life and family
Parr was born in Dublin, Ireland, to Captain John Parr and Eleanor Clements, as part of the Anglo-Irish aristocracy that had settled on the island during the 17th century.
His mother Eleanor was the daughter of David Clements, of Rath Kenny, County Cavan, Ireland. His sister, Rachel Parr, married John Clements, who was the brother of Rt. Honorable Nathaniel Clements.
His father fought at the battle of the Boyne, and won distinction at Blenheim, Marlborough's greatest victory. Through his father's line, the family claimed direct descent from Lord Parr, Baron Kendal, who was a well-known nobleman, in the north of England, in the reign of Henry VIII, whose arms of their family are to be seen in the Parr Chapel of Kendal Church, Westmorland. The eldest son of this nobleman emigrated to Ireland and settled in 1620 at Belturbet, County Cavan.
In 1762, he married Sarah Walmsley, the second daughter of Richard Walmesley of "The Hall of Ince," Lancashire, and had five children, three sons and two daughters.
Education and military service
John Parr's family was heavily involved in the English military, including his brother Colonel Peter Parr, who was Lieutenant-Governor of Fort George, Scotland.
He attended Trinity High School. At the age of 19. he joined the British Army's 20th Regiment of Foot as an ensign and saw service in the War of the Austrian Succession.
A subaltern officer, he was with the Prince William, Duke of Cumberland, whose army marched through Scotland against Charles Stuart's Jacobite rising at the Battle of Culloden in 1746.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Parr%20%28colonial%20governor%29
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John Parr (colonial governor)
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In 1755, he became adjutant to James Wolfe, the colonel of the 20th Regiment of Foot. In 1759, during the Seven Years' War, he was wounded at the Battle of Minden and spent six months in hospital. He was then stationed at Gibraltar for six years and purchased the rank of lieutenant colonel. In 1776, he resigned his regiment and in 1778 he received a sinecure as major of the Tower of London.
Governor of Nova Scotia
He was offered the position of Governor of Nova Scotia and took up his position as the American Revolutionary War was coming to an end and United Empire Loyalists were fleeing north to escape persecution.
Parr arrived in Halifax with his family on 5 October 1782. His predecessor, Francis Legge, had been an absentee governor for six years since he had been recalled to England, and the colony had been under the stewardship of a succession of military lieutenant-governors. The last of them was Sir Andrew Hamond, who had expected to be named governor himself. Angry at Parr's appointment, he resigned shortly after the new governor's arrival and returned to England. Edmund Fanning, a recently-arrived Loyalist, was named Parr's new lieutenant-governor.
Parr immediately took over as colonel of the Royal Nova Scotia Volunteer Regiment.
In 1786, when the colonial administration of British North America was reorganized, Parr had hoped to be named to the new position of Governor-General of The Canadas and Governor-in-Chief of British North America but was disappointed when the position went to Guy Carleton who was elevated to the peerage as Lord Dorchester. The position of governor of Nova Scotia was then abolished, and Parr was reappointed as lieutenant governor of the province, with his superior being Lord Dorchester.
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10677281
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Parr%20%28colonial%20governor%29
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John Parr (colonial governor)
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Parr's administration oversaw the settlement of Black Nova Scotians, who were African-American Loyalists fleeing the United States. Parr was accused of "discriminatory practices and long delays" in the matter. He attempted to establish a whaling industry in Dartmouth (see Quaker Whaler House), and was embroiled in the "judges' affair" in which lawyers accused him of appointing incompetent or biased jurists to the bench.
Parr was under pressure to provide land and supplies for the new Loyalist settlers without bankrupting the treasury.
The British government was inundated with complaints about the difficulties the Loyalists were facing and Parr's allegedly-unsympathetic attitude towards them. The stress of the position may have taken a toll on his health since he died in office at the age of 66. He funeral, with full military honours, was presided by the 20th Foot. He was interred in Halifax's St. Paul's Church.
Legacy
After him are named Parrsboro, Nova Scotia, and Parr Street, Saint Andrews, New Brunswick.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western%20Coastal%20Plains
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Western Coastal Plains
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The Western Coastal Plains is a narrow stretch of landmass lying between the western part of the Deccan plateau and the Arabian sea in India. The plains stretch from the Kutch region to Kaniyakumari at the southern tip of the Indian peninsula with the Western Ghats forming its eastern boundary. It traverses the states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, and Kerala.
The plains are broadly divided into six subdivisions–Kutch and Kathiawar along with the Gujarat Plains in the north, Konkan Coast and Canara in the center, and Malabar in the south. Due to the presence of Western Ghats, which blocks the rain-bearing winds, the region from the south of Gujarat experiences heavy rainfall during the monsoons. Unlike the Eastern Coastal Plains, very few rivers cut across the region due to the steeper gradient of the Indian peninsula moving from east to west and the major rivers include Narmada and Tapti.
Geography
The Western Coastal Plains is a stretch of coastal land lying between the western edge of the Deccan plateau and the Arabian Sea in the west. The plains stretch from the Rann of Kutch region to Kaniyakumari at the southern tip of the Indian peninsula. The average width of the plains vary between . It traverses the states of Gujarat, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala and the union territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, and Puducherry (Mahe). It is narrower than the Eastern Coastal Plains and both the coastal plains meet at Kaniyakumari.
The mountain range of Western Ghats forms a rough eastern boundary of the plains. The Western Ghats extend from the Satpura Range south of the Tapti River in the north and runs approximately to Kaniyakumari. There are three gaps in the mountain range which connect the plains to the Deccan plateau: the northernmost Goa Gap, the oldest and widest Palghat Gap, and the southernmost, narrowest Shencottah Gap.
Hydrography and climate
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western%20Coastal%20Plains
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Western Coastal Plains
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Gujarat Plains
The Gujarat Plains extend from the Thar desert in the north to the border with Maharashtra. It forms the central part of Gujarat and lies to the east of the Kathiawar peninsula. The area extends for about and has an average elevation of . It is an extension of the Indo-Gangetic Plain and is drained by rivers such as Narmada, Tapti, Sabarmati, and Mahi. Most of the region consists of alluvium deposited by the rivers with black soil occurring to the west. The region is prone to heavy flooding during monsoons. Sparse forests occur in the region with hardwood trees like acacia, and teak. Agriculture is the major contributor to the economy with crops grown including cereals, peanuts, oil seeds, and tobacco. Dairy farming and cotton farming are other major industries. The region which encompassed the city of Ahmedabad, is also heavily industrialised.
Konkan
The Konkan Coast (also called Aparanta) extends the Daman Ganga River in the north of Maharashtra to the Terekhol River along the border with the Goa in the south. The narrow region stretches between in width and forms the northern part of the linear coast between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea. The region consists of uneven topography formed by the erosion of rivers with alternating bays. Most of the population is concentrated around the city of Mumbai and smaller fertile river valleys. The region receives heavy rainfall during the monsoons, which gives rise to many seasonal rivers. Only one third of the land is cultivable with major crops including rice, pulses, and coconuts. Fishing, mining, and salt manufacturing are other major economic activities.
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10677341
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice%20divide
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Ice divide
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An ice divide is the boundary on an ice sheet, ice cap or glacier separating opposite flow directions of ice, analogous to a water divide. Ice divides are important for geochronological investigations that use ice cores, since such coring is typically made at highest point of an ice sheet dome to avoid disturbances arising from horizontal ice movement. Ice divides are used for looking at how the atmosphere varied over time. Coring at dome peaks increases precision of reconstructions as it is the place where horizontal motion is at its least. The Raymond Effect operates at ice divides, creating anticlines in the radar-detected isochrones, allowing greater capture of older ice when coring.
Analysis of ice cores relies on the downward motion of ice, trapping changes of atmospheric gases through time into its layers. Scientist locate ice divides and take ice cores from them, which are typically long cylindrical poles of ice, and analyse them to find chemical elements that the snow and ice transported during that period, e.g. sulfate, nitrate, and other ions. Ice cores are important in determining how our atmosphere has changed, and how we can remedy changes such as the greenhouse effect; scientists found more greenhouse gases were in our atmosphere at present than in the past.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice%20divide
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Ice divide
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Scientists from around the United States came together to find the best ice divide in order to go further into the past. They founded the WAIS project, which is funded by the United States National Science Foundation, and is run by scientists from many organizations e.g. National Ice Core Laboratory, Ice Drilling Design and Operations (IDDO), and over fifty universities. The WAIS project is located in West Antarctica, and the goal is to look into the evolution of the Antarctic ice sheet and climate over the past 100,000 years. The West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is better than other ice divides because of the amount of snow it gets, which means that the layers of ice are thicker. This larger layer thickness means there is a smaller off-set between the ages of the ice and that of the air and gases trapped inside, allowing scientists to make more precise statements about how the atmosphere varied in the past. The success of the WAIS project has educated scientists around the world as to how the atmosphere of Earth has changed dramatically over 100,000 years.
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10677363
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tummala%20Seetharama%20Murthy
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Tummala Seetharama Murthy
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Tummala Seetharama Murthy or Tummla Seetharama Murthy Choudary (1901–1990) was an Indian poet writing in Telugu.
Murthy was born in Kavuru village in the Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh. Works such as "Rashtragaanamu" reflect patriotism and the Indian independence struggle. He was honoured with the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1969 and with the title "Kalaaprapoorna" by Andhra University in 1969.
Introduction
Sri Tummala Sitaramamurthy was a great gift of the 20th century to the Telugu people and the Telugu literature. He was one of the most prominent poets in the history of the modern Telugu literature. Born in an age of national fight for freedom, he completely came under the influence of Mahatma Gandhi. The other personalities that inspired him were Acharya N.G. Ranga, the father of the world peasant movement, Kaviraju Sri Tripuraneni Ramaswamy Chowdhary who was the father of the revolutionary poetry in Telugu literature, and Mahakavi Sri Chellapilla Venkata Sastry who brought Telugu poem from Royal palaces to common people in the society. Also the philosophies of social reformers of Vemana, Potuluri Veerabhramam, Kandukuri Veeresalingam, Kabir, Nanak, Raja Ramamohana Roy, Dayananda Saraswathi and others had immense effect on the poet. Inspired by these personalities, he produced a noble literature to promote human values in the society. He wanted to make man cultured and the society progressive through his literature. He did not write his poetry, he spoke to the society with the voice of tomorrow. Telugu is the second-largest living language in India. He was the unacknowledged- laureate of the Andhras. The story of his life itself was a marvel of effort, achievement and purposefulness.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tummala%20Seetharama%20Murthy
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Tummala Seetharama Murthy
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His Early Life
Like a lotus born in mud, Sitaramamurthy was born in a family of land cultivators. He was born on 25-Dec-1901, at Kavoor, a hamlet in Repalle Taluq of Krishna district (later divided into Guntur and Krishna), in the presidency of Madras (later divided into Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu). His parents Narayya and Chenchamma- were hard-working middle class agriculturists. His place of birth was a significant one, for it was visited by noble personalities like Mahatma Gandhi, Vinoba Bave and Babu Rajendra Prasad. In his early life, the poet struggled for his education. During the daytime he assisted his father in agriculture and in the night he learned Telugu and Sanskrit with great curiosity under great teachers and eminent scholars living in the neighboring villages.
His Education
Later, he went to Chittigudur near Bandar (now Machilipatnam), which was a great center for learning in the district to study Ubhayabasha Praveena. Sri G Varadacharyulu was the founder and also the principal of this institution. He was not only an ideal teacher but also a great patriot. Here he learned Telugu grammar perfectly Sri Duvvuri Venkata Ramana Sastry who was a profound scholar. Finally, he passed the public examinations in first division and then secured a job as a Telugu pandit in 1930. He worked in the schools of Duggirala, Bapatla, Nidubrolu and Appikatla. He retired from the service in 1957 at Appikatla. Thus his early life was one of the deep study, stupendous learning and a great preparation for his future literacy career. His early literacy works brought him name and fame and he was at once recognized as a promising poet.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tummala%20Seetharama%20Murthy
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Tummala Seetharama Murthy
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His Literary Ideals
The modern age has brought a remarkable change in the outlook, philosophy and ideals of literature. Literature has come nearer to human life, its problems and its solutions. This has brought a breakthrough in the literary thinking of the present age. The puranic (mythological) themes have given way to human life in literature. True of the spirit of the age, Sitaramamurthy was a revolutionary poet. For him revolution does not need bloodshed; it only means 'change'. He opined that the change in the society should come through the Gandhian way or the Sarvodaya Path. The change that comes through the revolution will be temporary and the change that comes through the Sarvodaya Path will remain permanent. He had a message and philosophy to the society.
Love of the nation, Love of the state, Love of mankind have constituted his poetic philosophy. The scope of his poetry was noble, broad and universal. He made the goal of his poetry as a great inspiring force for the political, social, religious, economic and moral movements of his age. For him literature was a means to serve humanity and inspire people to live in a noble path. The achievement of independence to the country, individual freedom, social equality, religious harmony, economic progress, moral and cultural advancement in the society were his noble literary ideals. "The grief of the people is the anguish of Sitaramamurthy", so the themes of his works were problems faced by people time to time and their solutions. Thus his literature truly reflected all classes of people.
Early life and education
Sri Tummala Seetharama Murthy garu was born in Kavuru village in Cherukupalli Mandal of Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh. He was born on 1 December 1901 to Tummala Narayya and Chenchamamba. He completed his Ubhya Bhasha Praveena From Andhra University. He spent most of his career working as teacher. He taught Sanskrit for some time in Sanskrit School, Amrutaluru. He died on 21 March 1990 in Appikatla village of Guntur District.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20R.%20Rose
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Michael R. Rose
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Michael R. Rose (born 25 July 1955) is a Professor in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of California, Irvine.
Michael Roberson Rose was born on July 25, 1955. He obtained his B.S. in 1975 from Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. In 1976 he obtained his M.S.. In 1978 he obtained his Ph.D from the University of Sussex.
His Ph.D. advisor was Brian Charlesworth. His main area of work has been the evolution of aging, approached both theoretically and empirically via the technique of experimental evolution. In 1991, he published Evolutionary Biology of Aging exploring a view of the subject based on antagonistic pleiotropy, the hypothesis that aging is caused by genes that have two effects, one acting early in life and the other much later. The genes are favored by natural selection as a result of their early-life benefits, and the costs that accrue much later appear as incidental side-effects that we identify as aging. Dr. Rose has also suggested that aging can stop in a latter stage of life. The field of aging biology is divided between those who think that it will be very difficult to develop technology to postpone human aging and those who expect breakthroughs in this field in the near future. Rose is an outspoken advocate for the former position.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20R.%20Rose
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Michael R. Rose
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Antagonistic pleiotropy
The phenomenon was first described by George C. Williams in 1957, but it was Rose who coined the phrase "antagonistic pleiotropy". Rose's laboratory has conducted the longest-running experimental evolution experiment designed to test the theory of antagonistic pleiotropy. Fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) are being bred for longevity by collecting eggs from the longest-lived flies in each generation. The experiment has run since 1981, and has produced flies with quadruple the original life span. The prediction of the antagonistic pleiotropy hypothesis was that these long-lived flies would have much lower fertility early in life. The result has been the opposite - that the long-lived flies actually lay more eggs at every stage of life. Rose explains this result in terms of an interaction between genotype and environment. The long-lived flies show other weaknesses that would make them poor competitors in the wild, and perhaps these traits are the true areas of antagonistic pleiotropy. He is one of the biologists featured in the 1995 science documentary Death by Design/The Life and Times of Life and Times. In 1997, Rose was awarded the Busse Research Prize by the World Congress of Gerontology. He has authored The Long Tomorrow: How Advances in Evolutionary Biology Can Help Us Postpone Aging.
Protagonistic pleiotropy
If the effect on fitness of increase in mortality is zero, as is the case after the age when survival affects reproduction, then natural selection does not weed out the tendency for rates of mortality to accelerate with age. The idea that selection for reproduction in youth causes accumulating dysfunction in later adulthood is a commonly accepted explanation for aging. Protagonistic pleiotropy is the opposite effect: beneficial effects in later life as a result of selection for reproduction in earlier life. Rose contends that a correct understanding of Hamilton's equations through mathematical modeling show that protagonistic pleiotropy is plausible.
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10677378
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapas%20Acupressure%20Technique
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Tapas Acupressure Technique
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Tapas Acupressure Technique (or TAT) is an alternative medicine therapy that claims to clear negative emotions and past traumas. Though the full technique was invented in 1993 by Tapas Fleming, TAT incorporates elements of and builds on other acupressure techniques. TAT is classified as energy therapies as TAT claims to employ Qi (chi). This is the “energy” that has historically been believed to flow through the body in Asian medicine. There is no scientific proof that qi exists. However this claim of qi flow is not to be confused with putative energy for which no scientific basis has been found and no biophysical means of action determined. TAT shows many characteristics consistent with pseudoscience.
History
Invented in 1993 by Tapas Fleming, the underlying idea claims that unresolved emotional trauma leads to a blockage of the natural flow of putative energy. Practitioners of TAT claim that self application of light pressure to four areas of the head (inner corner of both eyes, one-half-inch above the space between the eyebrows, and the back of head) while placing attention on a series of verbal steps releases this blockage and allows for healing. TAT was originally intended to be an allergy elimination protocol, but the emphasis switched to emotional trauma.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin%20Kempton%20Mapes
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Erwin Kempton Mapes
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Erwin Kempton Mapes (9 June 1884 – 18 February 1961) was an American scholar of Spanish-American literature and Hispanist, renowned for his work on the Hispanic Modernists.
Born in Gilman, Illinois, Mapes received his bachelors from Cornell College in Mount Vernon, Iowa, in 1909. He then went to Harvard University and studied Hispanic Studies under Jeremiah D. M. Ford, receiving his master's in 1915. He received his doctorate from the University of Paris with a study on Rubén Darío, published in 1925 as L'influence française dans l'oeuvre de Rubén Darío.
Before receiving his doctorate, Mapes taught at various small colleges including Western State College of Colorado in Gunnison. Afterwards, in 1925, he was appointed as an associate professor at the State University of Iowa, where he taught until his retirement. He was made Professor (full professor) in 1937.
During his life he concentrated his study of literary criticism on Rubén Darío, Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera and Modernism in Spanish-American literature. He was for many years considered the highest authority in these subjects. Almost all of his work was published in American and French journals. He also published a few textbooks, such as Y va de cuento (1943), in collaboration with (who married his daughter Frances, who would become an important Spanish-English translator). In 1958 he published a critical edition of Cuentos completos y otras narraciones of Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera.
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10677559
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M520%20Goer
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M520 Goer
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Field performance
Not only did the Caterpillar offer extreme off-road ability, including 20° longitudinal articulation and 30° side-slopes, it was also fully amphibious, using the wheels for propulsion in the water. The rear cargo-bed tailgate and drop-side doors, that allowed rapid discharge of cargo, had watertight seals to preserve the unit's swimming capability. In the US's involvement in the Vietnam War, the Goer developed a reputation of being able to go where other trucks could not, and it was one of the preferred resupply vehicles after the pre-production units' introduction in 1966. They achieved a 90% availability rate, even though spare parts for the Goer were not an official part of the US Army inventory until 1972.
Nevertheless, the vehicle's lack of suspension made it too bouncy on hardened surfaces, making most drivers shy away from its 31 mph (50 km/h) top speed. The method for keeping bounce to a minimum on hard roads was to gently sway the vehicle left and right at top speed. The bilge pumps were often abused on hard road convoys as "super-squirters" by bored drivers as they would accumulate water in the hull, and drivers soon realized havoc could be raised by turning on the high volume pumps to douse passing and oncoming traffic. The oscillating cab was also dangerous as entering or exiting the vehicle with the engine off could put pressure on the steering wheel and when the engine was started the cab would turn without warning. Also, its oversize dimensions proved generally awkward, so in the 1980s it was replaced by the Oshkosh Heavy Expanded Mobility Tactical Truck series, that combined good on-road behavior with adequate off-road performance. As the Goers were surplused accordingly, it was done so under a demilitarization order similar to that of the M151 jeep. Core components in the steering and driveline were destroyed before the remains of the vehicle were sold off. Consequently, only very few vehicles remained in existence, in museums and private collections.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice%20Schwartz
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Maurice Schwartz
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Maurice Schwartz, born Avram Moishe Schwartz (June 18, 1890 – May 10, 1960), born in the Volhynia province of the Russian Empire, was a stage and film actor active in the United States. He founded the Yiddish Art Theatre and its associated school in 1918 in New York City and was its theatrical producer and director. He also worked in Hollywood, mostly as an actor in silent films but also as a film director, producer, and screenwriter.
Early life and education
Schwartz was born Avrom Moishe Schwartz in Sudylkiv, Ukraine, then in the Russian Empire, to Isaac, a grain dealer, and his wife Rose (née Bernholtz) Schwartz, a Jewish family. Moishe was the oldest of three boys among the six siblings, and had three older sisters. Like many similar families, the Schwartzes immigrated to the United States in stages. In 1898 Isaac Schwartz emigrated with his three teen-aged daughters, so they could all work to get started in New York and earn money for passage for Rose and their three young sons.
The following year he sent tickets for his wife and the boys. They got as far as Liverpool, where they were to sail for the U.S., but got separated. Rose was forced to leave without Moishe. Without any English, he made his way to London, where he lived for two years, surviving with the help of strangers. His father located him in 1901, and they traveled together to New York when Moishe was twelve.
Upon rejoining his family in New York City's Lower East Side, Schwartz took the first name of Morris. His father enrolled him in the Baron de Hirsch school, founded to teach Jewish immigrants. After school he worked in his father's small factory recycling rags for the clothing industry. When an uncle introduced him to Yiddish theatre, Schwartz was captivated. At that time groups of boys and young men were partisans of different theatres and actors. Schwartz, who admired the actors David Kessler and Jacob Adler, began reading widely, especially classic plays by such authors as William Shakespeare and Henrik Ibsen.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice%20Schwartz
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Maurice Schwartz
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In 1947 the couple adopted two Polish Jewish war orphans, Moses and Fannie Englander, aged 9- and 8-years old, respectively. After losing their parents Abraham Joseph and Chana Englander in 1942, the children had been placed by the underground with Belgian Christian families. Fannie was renamed Marcelle and grew up with Maurice and Denise Vander Voordt as the only parents she really knew. The Vander Voordts protected her as their own during the German occupation. She spoke only French.
After the war, Jewish groups had worked to reunite families and place Jewish orphans with Jewish families. Schwartz met the boy Moses at the Wezembeek Orphanage in Belgium in 1946 while on a theatrical tour for displaced persons. He arranged to adopt Moses and his sister through the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC), which had located Fannie and brought the siblings together. The Schwartzes met Fannie for the first time when she arrived with her brother at La Guardia Airport. They renamed the children Marvin (or Norman) and Risa. In New York, they taught them Yiddish and English, and about Judaism. Risa became an actress in the United States, most commonly known for her role in The Tenth Man (Chayefsky play) as Evelyn Foreman.
Career
Theatre
Schwartz started acting early, working for six years in companies and locations outside New York: the Midwest and Philadelphia. In 1911 he was hired by David Kessler for his company at his Second Avenue Theatre. In 1913, he gained a Hebrew Actors Union card, having to take the test twice and do some politicking with influential leaders, such as Abe Cahan, editor of The Jewish Forward, to get voted in. After a total of six years with Kessler, Schwartz had other ambitions to pursue.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice%20Schwartz
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Maurice Schwartz
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In 1918, Schwartz founded the Yiddish Art Theatre, taking a lease on the Irving Place Theatre, in the Union Square neighborhood in New York City. He had ambitions for a people's theater that would produce classic, literary works. As he announced in Der Tog (The Day), a Yiddish-language newspaper, he wanted "a company that will be devoted to performing superior literary works that will bring honor to the Yiddish Theatre."
Believing that an actor needed to develop by taking on a wide variety of roles, the next year he founded an associated school. He wanted to nurture talent by giving students chances to learn: he felt that taking on 25 roles would teach someone much about "the possibilities of voice, gesture and make-up." Among the actors Schwartz helped develop were Paul Muni, who played 40 roles in his productions. Schwartz said of Muni in a 1931 interview: "He is a sincere actor. The theatre is more to him than just a job."
The Yiddish Art Theatre operated for more than three decades, until 1950, performing a rotating repertoire of 150 plays, including classics of Yiddish, European, and English theatre, ranging from works by Sholem Aleichem to William Shakespeare. Schwartz took his company on a tour to Europe in 1924 and to South America in 1929.
Schwartz's most lauded featured roles were as "Reb Malech" in Israel Joshua Singer's Yoshe Kalb, "Luka" in Maxim Gorki's The Lower Depths, Oswald in Henrick Ibsen's Ghosts, Shylock in William Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice, at the Palace Theatre, and the title role in King Lear. At the time that he appeared in the Yiddish film Uncle Moses, in 1932, he was billed as the "greatest of all Yiddish actors", and in that era was also called the "Olivier of the Yiddish stage".
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micron%20Memory%20Japan
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Micron Memory Japan
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Micron Memory Japan, K.K. is a Japanese subsidiary of Micron Technology. It was formerly known as established in 1999 that developed, designed, manufactured and sold dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) products. It was also a semiconductor foundry. With headquarters in Yaesu, Chūō, Tokyo, Japan, it was initially formed under the name NEC Hitachi Memory in 1999 by the merger of the Hitachi and NEC DRAM businesses. In the following year it took on the name Elpida. In 2003, Elpida took over the Mitsubishi DRAM business. In 2004, it listed its shares in the first section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange. In 2012, those shares were delisted as a result of its bankruptcy. In 2013, Elpida was acquired by Micron Technology. On February 28, 2014, Elpida changed its name to Micron Memory Japan and Elpida Akita changed its name to Micron Akita, Inc.
History
Elpida Memory was founded in 1999 as a merger of NEC's and Hitachi's DRAM operations and began development operations for DRAM products in 2000. Both companies also spun off their other semiconductor operations into Renesas.
In 2001, the company began construction of its 300mm wafer fabrication plant. Later that year, it began sales operations in domestic markets.
In 2002, armed with the Sherman Antitrust Act, the United States Department of Justice began a probe into the activities of dynamic random access memory (DRAM) manufacturers. US computer makers, including Dell and Gateway, claimed that inflated DRAM pricing was causing lost profits and hindering their effectiveness in the marketplace. To date, five manufacturers have pleaded guilty to their involvement in an international price-fixing conspiracy including Hynix, Infineon, Micron Technology, Samsung, and Elpida. Micron Technology was not fined for its involvement due to co-operation with investigators.
In 2003, the company took over Mitsubishi Electric Corporation's DRAM operations and employed Mitsubishi development engineers.
In 2004, Elpida Memory went public and was listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Surfaces
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Battle of Surfaces
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The Battle of Surfaces was a men's tennis exhibition match that was held on May 2, 2007, between Roger Federer, the then top-ranked men's singles player, and Rafael Nadal, the then world No. 2 in men's singles. The match was played in the capital city of Nadal's home island, Palma de Mallorca, in front of a home crowd at Palma Arena. Nadal won a competitive match 7–5, 4–6, 7–6(12–10). The event was almost cancelled the night before when the grass surface had to be replaced after being infested with worms.
The match
The match was played on a unique court with a clay surface on one side of the net and grass on the other. The court cost $1.63 million to create and took 19 days to prepare. At the time, Federer had won 48 straight matches on grass courts, going five straight years undefeated on grass, while Nadal had 72 straight wins on clay, going three straight years undefeated on clay. Rafael Nadal was also leading the head-to-head between the two players 7–3, with a 5–0 record on clay while Roger Federer had won their only meeting on grass.
Before the match, Federer said, We are both looking forward to this absolutely new event. The idea really appeals to me as we both dominate one of the surfaces. Rafa holds the record of 72 victories in series on clay and I have not been defeated on grass since 48 matches. It'll be fun to find out what it's like to play on a court with mixed surfaces! And it ought to be interesting to see who chooses the better tactic. People have been talking about this event for quite a while. Now it's coming up pretty soon already and I like the fact that the stadium - which is very nice, by the way - is located on Majorca, Rafa's home. He has been to Basel, after all, and now I've got the opportunity to play at his place for once.After the match, Nadal said,
It has been a nice experience, although before the match I thought it would be a disaster because I felt it would be very difficult for me to adapt to the court.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peoria%20Mineral%20Springs
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Peoria Mineral Springs
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Peoria Mineral Springs is 14,500-year-old natural spring in the city of Peoria, Illinois, United States. The site, also known as Spring Hill, is located on a hillside on the historic West Bluff between Martin Luther King Jr. Drive and Moss Avenue.
History
Peoria Mineral Springs are a remnant of the glacial retreat of the Ice Age. The quality of the water has a pH of 7.11 and a mineral breakdown between 500 and 700 parts per million. The springs produce over 30,000 gallons every day. It originally fed a former Peoria lake called Goose Lake, which was drained in the 1800s.
The site was a Native American campground. Artifacts can still be found around the site.
In 1843, a "cave-like barrel-vaulted brick reservoir" was constructed; the structure is concealed within the hillside and captures the flow of three separate springs. The brick reservoir was built for Peoria's first water company, Peoria Water Works. The springs supplied water to residents up to two miles away through hand-bored wooden pipes. Lydia Moss Bradley had spring water supplied to her residence until her 1908 death. The springs were Peoria's primary water source for about 15 years, until the population grew and a new water source close to the Illinois River was established.
The water was bottled and sold in the 19th century. Ransom Hickey of Hickey Bottling Works sold beverages such as Peach Cider, Lithia Seltzer and Rose Malt. Preston Clark patented the name Peoria Mineral Springs in 1892 and sold beverages as “Peoria Mineral Spring Soda.” Get Rosy Malt was touted as a "temperance food drink for discriminating people."
Later, the springs were deemed a safety hazard and filled with gravel.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean%20Alfonse
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Jean Alfonse
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In service of France
Before or around 1530, for some reasons, he moved to France putting himself at the service of Francis I. The correspondence of diplomatic agents of the king of Portugal in France, in the first half of the century, tried to clarify the causes of this change of allegiance. Gaspar Palha, a Portuguese diplomat in Paris in 1531, having met a man from La Rochelle to whom he requested information concerning the pilot Jean Alfonse, wrote that he had been exiled because, when he was lost near the coast of Brittany hit by a storm, he had been involved in a quarrel (according to what was reported, with his own oldest son) that resulted in the death of his son or some man aboard; and that consequently he had been exiled and did not dare to appear in public, but it is a report by indirect testimony, and there may have been other non-criminal reasons for the exile. However, it appears that it was to escape the Portuguese Justice for some reason. Jean Alfonse left the country, later in the company of his wife and his sons. In 1531, John III of Portugal attempted to repatriate the defector pilot because of his high qualifications and for his vast and possible classified knowledge. The king himself corresponded directly with Afonso, sending letters of pardon by his ambassadors and representatives and later exchanging letters with him in this attempt.
By the 1540s, he was a renowned pilot, leading fleets to Africa and the Caribbean and reputed to have never lost a ship. André Thévet mentions a conversation where Alfonse described looting Puerto Rico as a corsair. It was long thought that the Rabelaisian hero Xenomanes was based on Alfonse.
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Jean Alfonse
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In 1542–1543, Alfonse piloted Jean-François de la Roque de Roberval's attempt to colonize Canada on the heels of Jacques Cartier's third voyage there. Alfonse established that one could sail through a passage between Greenland and Labrador. The crew of 200, including prisoners and a few women, spent a harsh winter on the shores of the St. Lawrence River, hit by scurvy and losing a quarter of the colonists before sailing back to France. During this trip, Alfonse described a land he called Norombega.
In late 1544, Alfonse left La Rochelle with a small fleet and disrupted Basque shipping, while the treaty of Crépy had just been signed between France and Spain. A Spanish fleet led by Pedro Menéndez de Avilés caught up to him as he was getting back to La Rochelle and killed him at sea. Some sources say this fatal encounter occurred in 1549.
Works
His writings were published as Les voyages avantureux du Capitaine Ian Alfonce (1559), the Rutter of Jean Alphonse (1600) and La cosmographie avec l’espère et régime du soleil du nord par Jean Fonteneau dit Alfonse de Saintonge, capitaine-pilote de François Ier (manuscript dated 1545, first published in 1904). In them he describes the various places and peoples he and others have seen, many of them for the first time in print (such as Gaspé, the Beothuk, Saint-Pierre Island, the jewels of Madagascar, a continent south of Java) and provides navigational instructions on how to get there.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20Rubenstein
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Louis Rubenstein
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Louis Rubenstein (September 23, 1861, in Montreal – January 3, 1931) was a Canadian figure skater, sportsman and politician. Rubenstein is considered the "Father of Canadian Figure Skating." After retirement from skating in 1892, Rubenstein became involved in the sports of bowling, curling, and cycling. He was elected president of the Canadian Bowling Association in 1895, president of the International Skating Union of America in 1909. He was alderman in St. Louis ward in Montreal from 1916 until 1931.
Biography
Rubenstein was born and raised in Montreal, Canada East. His parents were Polish Jews who had fled Russian rule.
He was coached by Jackson Haines.
Rubenstein was chosen to represent Canada in an unofficial international championships that were one of the precursors of the World Figure Skating Championships, in St. Petersburg, Russia. Although being subject of a great deal of antisemitism there, he won the gold medal. He is the only skater from North American known to have competed at a major European competition before World War 1 other than the 1908 Olympics, due to the time and money traveling required at the time.
Rubenstein helped organize the Amateur Skating Association of Canada, now known as Skate Canada. He served as the organization's president from its foundation until 1930.
He was President of the International Skating Union of America 1907–09, President of the Canadian Wheelmen's Association for 18 years, and President of the Montréal Amateur Athletic Association 1913–15.
Rubenstein was inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 1981 and the World Figure Skating Hall of Fame in 1984.
There is a memorial water fountain dedicated to Rubenstein in Montreal at Parc Jeanne-Mance at the corner of Park Avenue and Mount Royal Avenues.
Rubenstein served as a Montreal alderman for 17 years. In 2016, he was named a National Historic Person.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20exchange
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Information exchange
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Information exchange or information sharing means that people or other entities pass information from one to another. This could be done electronically or through certain systems. These are terms that can either refer to bidirectional information transfer in telecommunications and computer science or communication seen from a system-theoretic or information-theoretic point of view. As "information," in this context invariably refers to (electronic) data that encodes and represents the information at hand, a broader treatment can be found under data exchange.
Information exchange has a long history in information technology. Traditional information sharing referred to one-to-one exchanges of data between a sender and receiver. Online information sharing gives useful data to businesses for future strategies based on online sharing. These information exchanges are implemented via dozens of open and proprietary protocols, message, and file formats. Electronic data interchange (EDI) is a successful implementation of commercial data exchanges that began in the late 1970s and remains in use today.
Some controversy comes when discussing regulations regarding information exchange. Initiatives to standardize information sharing protocols include extensible markup language (XML), simple object access protocol (SOAP), and web services description language (WSDL).
From the point of view of a computer scientist, the four primary information sharing design patterns are sharing information one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-many, and many-to-one. Technologies to meet all four of these design patterns are evolving and include blogs, wikis, really simple syndication, tagging, and chat.
One example of United States government's attempt to implement one of these design patterns (one to one) is the National Information Exchange Model (NIEM). One-to-one exchange models fall short of supporting all of the required design patterns needed to fully implement data exploitation technology.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20exchange
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Information exchange
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Advanced information sharing platforms provide controlled vocabularies, data harmonization, data stewardship policies and guidelines, standards for uniform data as they relate to privacy, security, and data quality.
Information Sharing, Intelligence Reform, and Terrorism Prevention Act
The term information sharing gained popularity as a result of the 9/11 Commission Hearings and its report of the United States government's lack of response to information known about the planned terrorist attack on the New York City World Trade Center prior to the event. The resulting commission report led to the enactment of several executive orders by President Bush that mandated agencies to implement policies to "share information" across organizational boundaries. In addition, an Information Sharing Environment Program Manager (PM-ISE) was appointed, tasked to implement the provisions of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004. In making recommendation toward the creation of an "Information Sharing Environment" the 9/11 Commission based itself on the findings and recommendations made by the Markle Task Force on National Security in the Information Age.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalabrinitherium
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Scalabrinitherium
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Scalabrinitherium is an extinct genus of mammals of the family Macraucheniidae. Fossils of this animal were found among the fossils of prehistoric xenarthrans in the Ituzaingó Formation of Argentina.
Description
This animal was rather similar to a llama with a slightly heavy build; the skull was long and low, the front teeth were slightly spatulate, and the nasal aperture set far back. It is possible that there was a strong prehensile lip or a short proboscis. The height of this animal must have exceeded two meters; the limbs were slender but relatively heavy, three-toed.
Classification
The first paleontologist to describe the fossils of this animal was Bravard, who in 1858 attributed the fossils to a presumed South American species of the perissodactyl Palaeotherium, P. paranense. It was the Argentinean paleontologist Florentino Ameghino, in 1883, who described the genus Scalabrinitherium for this species, also describing the new species S. bravardi in the fauna of Entre Rios which dates to the Late Miocene. Later, in 1885, the same author described an additional species, S. rothii.
Scalabrinitherium was a rather derived representative of the Macraucheniidae, a group of litopterns with a camel-like appearance. Probably derived from lower Miocene forms such as Cramauchenia and Theosodon, this animal probably gave rise to the large macraucheniids of the Pliocene and Pleistocene, such as Macrauchenia and Xenorhinotherium.
Cladogram based in the phylogenetic analysis published by Schmidt et al., 2014, showing the position of Scalabrinitherium:
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River%20Conon
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River Conon
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The River Conon () is a river in the Highlands of Scotland. It begins at Loch Luichart, and flows in a south-easterly direction to be joined by the River Meig at Scatwell before passing through Loch Achonachie. It is joined by the Black Water at Moy Bridge, and the River Orrin at Urray, before flowing past Conon Bridge and into the Cromarty Firth (and thence the Moray Firth and North Sea).
The river is part of the Conon hydro-electric power scheme, with dams at Loch Luichart, Loch Meig and Loch Achonachie, and power stations at Luichart and Torr Achilty. This major scheme was developed by the North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board between 1946 and 1961. Prior to that, a small power station had been built at the Falls of Conon in the 1920s, and a private scheme for the Brahan Estate was commissioned in 2015 at Dunglass Island.
The river system is fished for trout and salmon, but populations of these fish have not always been as healthy as they now are. The use of traps and fixed nets in the river and in the Cromarty Firth has been the subject of legal action since 1828. The construction of hydro-electric schemes has resulted in some of the salmon spawning grounds being lost, but fish lifts at the dams and a fish pass at the Falls of Conon have enabled fish to reach the River Bran, which was previously inaccessible to them, and some of habitat suitable for young salmon has been developed. Although nets in the Firth have now gone, fish are predated by seals which live in the Firth, and hunt up river as far as Torr Achilty dam.
There are several islands in the river, including Moy Island, Dunglass Island and Garrie Island. The river is said to have once been the home of a water horse.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River%20Conon
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River Conon
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Route
The waters that form the River Conon rise on Mòine Mhòr ("Great Moss"), an upland peat bog to the west of Achnasheen and to the south east of Kinlochewe. A series of springs on the slopes of Càrn Loisgte and Carn Breac fall into Loch na Mòine Mhòr and Loch an Fhiarlaid, from which the Abhain Dubh ("Black River") flows eastwards to the diminutive Loch Crann, and the much larger Loch a' Chroisg, which is over deep in places. The A832 Kinlochewe to Achnasheen road runs along the northern shore of the loch. From the eastern end of the loch, the waterway becomes the River Bran, and is crossed by a Parliamentary bridge at Achnasheen. This is a single span bridge built of rubble as part of a ten-year project to construct a road from Achnasheen to Strome Ferry between 1808 and 1819.
That road became the A890, but the bridge has been superseded by a wider one slightly further downstream. The river is joined by the Abhainn a' Chomair, which rises in the Glencarron and Glenuig Forest on the northern slopes of Cnoc na Mòine and Carn Gorm, where it is called the Allt Gharagain. This flows to the north, and turns to the north-east near the hamlet of Ledgowan, where it is joined by the A890 road and the Kyle of Lochalsh railway line. It enters a small loch, is joined by the Allt Mhartuin, and enters Loch Gowan. It joins the River Bran just before the railway bridge at Achnasheen railway station. The railway and the A832 road share the valley of the Bran as is continues eastwards. The valley widens to become Strath Bran, and after passing Achanalt railway station, the river enters Loch Achanalt.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River%20Conon
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River Conon
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The railway crosses to the south side of the waterway at a tiny river section called A Phait, between Loch Achanalt and Loch a' Chuilinn. There is a dam at the eastern end of the loch, and a little further downstream is Achanalt power station. This is housed in a tall single-storey building designed by James Shearer in 1952, built into a cliff at one end and constructed of random rubble. A fish pass consisting of natural pools and some artificial concrete pools enables migrating fish to bypass the power station. The River Grudie joins the River Bran on its left bank, and the Bran is crossed by the railway line close to Lochluichart railway station before the river enters Loch Luichart. The river from Loch a' Chuilinn to Loch Luichart is called the River Bran on modern maps, but was formerly called the River Conon and prior to that was called the River Conan
The River Grudie rises from a series of springs on the foothills of Meallan Chuaich, and is known as Abhainn a' Chadha Bhuidhe prior to entering Loch Fannich. Much of the outflow from the loch is via a tunnel to Grudie Bridge power station, but compensation water maintains the flow in the river, which follows a south-easterly course to reach the A832 road at Bridge of Grudie, with the power station immediately upstream of the bridge. Several of the tributaries of the Grudie are dammed, and a long surface pipeline feeds some of their flow into Loch Fannich.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River%20Conon
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River Conon
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Below the dam, Allt a' Ghlinne joins the river on its right bank. A bridge carries the minor road from Little Scatwell, and immediately afterwards is Luichart power station, fed with water from Loch Luichart by a tunnel. The next tributary is the River Meig, which joins on the right bank. It rises as a series of springs and streams in Glencarron and Glenuig Forest, close to the source of the River Bran, but on the southern slopes of the hills. It passes through Gleann Fiodhaig and heads in a north-easterly direction to reach Loch Beannacharain. A minor road runs along the northern shore of the loch, which contains an artificial island at its eastern end, on which a prehistoric crannog settlement was built. Below the loch the river is joined by Allt Gleann Chorainn on its right bank, and then by Allt Gleann Meinich on its left bank. It turns to the east near the hamlet of Dalnacroich, where the wide valley is known as Strathconon. At Bridgend it is crossed by a bridge with three arches, approached by a causeway with six more arches. The structure dates from the early to mid-19th century. It carries the minor road that runs along Strathconon across the river to its southern bank. The river then enters the artificial Loch Meig, created by the dam at its eastern end, and passes through a natural arch before it joins the Conon.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River%20Conon
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River Conon
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Eastern section
The river continues eastwards to reach Loch Achonachie. On its southern bank is Orrin power station, which receives its water supply from Orrin Reservoir, an artificial loch on the River Orrin. Loch Achonachie was created by constructing a concrete mass gravity dam at its eastern end. It includes a Borland fish pass, to enable migrating fish to reach the upper reaches of the river, with a single-storey turbine hall and two-storey office block built into the dam structure. The architect was James Shearer, and the building is dated 1955. To the south of the dam is the Fairburn estate, of designed landscape, created in the late 18th and early 19th century, before it was remodelled by John Stirling in the late 19th century. As well as remodelling the park, he built a Baronial mansion house in 1877–78. Known as Fairburn House, it was designed by Wardrop and Reid, and most of it has three storeys, although it includes a five-storey tower.
The Black Water joins on the left bank, after which the A832 road crosses at Moy Bridge, running from a junction with the A835 road on the north bank of the river to the village of Marybank, to the south. Moy island is formed where the channel splits, and then the north bank is the southern edge of the Braham estate, of designed landscape. It was created in the 17th century, improved during the following two centuries, and hosts an extensive collection of specimen trees and rare species. The river is joined by the River Orrin on its left bank before it turns to the north, and the large Dunglass Island is now the site of a hydroelectric station for the Brahan estate. Conon Bridge railway station is close to the northern end of the island, and the Far North Line crosses the river on Cononbridge railway bridge. It was designed by Joseph Mitchell and constructed in 1860–62. With five arches and a span of , it is sharply skewed, and this was achieved by building each span as five narrow spans, which are staggered to achieve the skew.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River%20Conon
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River Conon
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The railway bridge is the normal limit of tides. Next to the northern end of the bridge is an octagonal tollhouse, built by Joseph W Mitchell in 1828, which was used to collect tolls from people using Thomas Telford's Conon Bridge, which has since been demolished. The A862 road now crosses the river on a newer bridge. Garrie Island sits in the river before another road bridge that carries the A835 trunk road. The river channel widens to the south of Dingwall, as it becomes part of the Cromarty Firth. There is a rifle range to the east of Dingwall, and much of the firth is marked as a danger area. Beyond the danger area, the A9 road crosses the firth on Cromarty Bridge. This was opened on 12 April 1979, and is nearly long. The deck is carried by 67 piers, designed to minimise changes to the tidal flows, in order to protect the feeding ground which are an important habitat for migrating birds. A maintenance programme costing £1.5 million drew to a close in June 2018. Beyond the bridge, the Cromarty Firth carries the waters of the Conon to the sea.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River%20Conon
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River Conon
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Hydroelectric development
Dingwall and Strathpeffer, both slightly to the north of the Conon near its mouth, had been supplied with hydro-electric power since 1903, when an 80 kW station was financed by Colonel E W Blunt-MacKenzie, the husband of the Countess of Cromarty. It was located at Ravens on Ben Wyvis. In 1926, the Ross-shire Electricity Supply Company took over the scheme and attempted to expand its operation. They borrowed £20,000 under the Trade Facilities Act, which financed the construction of a dam at the eastern end of Loch Luichart, and a power station near the Conon Falls. The power station was below the level of the loch, and contained two 500 kW generating sets. However, the company experienced difficulties in maintaining the system, and asked Scottish Power for help to manage and finance their operation in 1928. Scottish Power took over the company in 1931 when they bought all the share capital, repaid the startup loan, and increased the capacity of the Loch Luichart power station. By 1933, they had constructed a transmission line from the station along the shore of the Cromarty Firth and up the coast as far as Dornoch. and they were supplying electricity to an area of some by 1938.
The dam for this scheme is thought to have been at the same location as the later dam. Two pipes ran from the dam to the turbine house, one of diameter, which split into two near the turbine house, and a second of diameter. Concrete cradles that carried the smaller pipe remain visible in the landscape, but most of those for the larger pipe have been destroyed by the construction of a road. The turbine house was being restored by the Hydro Board in 2008.
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10677853
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River%20Conon
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River Conon
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North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board schemes
The Conon Valley was one of the early hydroelectric schemes implemented by the North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board, although it was constructed in three phases between 1946 and 1961. After the board was created in 1943, Edward MacColl the chief executive produced a list of 102 projects which he thought could be built, from small ones to huge ones involving several neighbouring glens. The initial scheme for the Conon Valley involved using water from Loch Fannich, which would flow through a tunnel to Grudie Bridge power station on the banks of the River Bran just before it entered the western end of Loch Luichart. When the board promoted their second scheme, that at Tummel-Garry, members in the House of Commons attempted to get the findings of the tribunal which had considered objections to it overturned, but this was defeated. In the House of Lords, Lord Kinnaird wanted to introduce a similar motion, but was persuaded not to. However, he introduced a debate to consider the future of the board, at which various members of the house suggested that hydroelectric power was not needed in Scotland, as it would soon be replaced by nuclear power. Lord Kinnaird did not succeed, and during the debate Lord Westwood, the leader of the house, announced that all objections to the Fannich scheme had been withdrawn following discussions between the board and the objectors. It thus became the board's third project when it was authorised in late 1945.
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10677853
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River%20Conon
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River Conon
|
The project involved the construction of several aqueducts and tunnels, to divert additional flow into Loch Fannich. The surface of the loch was around above ordnance datum (AOD), while the surface of Loch Luichart is AOD. A sloping tunnel was constructed from a point above the site of the power station to a point around below Loch Fannich. From there it was driven beneath the loch until there was only of rock between the excavation and the water. Rock was carefully removed above the tunnel to reduce the thickness to , and a large sump was excavated, into which the final plug of rock would settle when it was blasted away. Two temporary concrete bulkheads and one steel bulkhead were constructed in the tunnel, to protect the tunnel and to ensure that debris from the rock plug would not be washed downstream. The final blast was successful, and was the second time that such a technique had been used in Britain. Balfour Beatty carried out the work, and had also been responsible for the first use of this technique, at Loch Treig for the Lochaber hydroelectric scheme.
The main tunnel was around long. No dam was built at Loch Fannich, as the water level could be drawn down by up to , but five years later a dam was constructed, raising the surface level to AOD. At the lower end of the tunnel, water is conveyed to Grudie Bridge power station by a steel pipeline which is above ground. It is in diameter, but as it progresses downhill, the internal diameter reduces, and the walls get thicker. Close to the power station, it splits into two feeds, each of which supplies a 12MW vertical shaft Francis turbine. This was one of the last projects to use a surface pipeline, as the board were keen to reduce the visual impact of their schemes subsequently.
| 2.625
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10677853
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River%20Conon
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River Conon
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Fishing
The River Conon and its tributaries are fished for trout and salmon, but the present healthy state of the fish populations does not reflect the history of the river. The catching of salmon in the river and in the Cromarty Firth, which is protected from the open sea, has been a lucrative occupation for several centuries, and by the early 19th century, there were a large number of fixed nets in the firth, as well as nets and fixed salmon traps called cruives in the river. The Cromarty Estate fought a long battle in the courts to prevent other riperian landowners from using stake nets. It lasted from 1828 to 1837, and the court agreed with their case in 1838, prohibiting the use of fixed engine nets in the Firth. This became a byelaw in 1865. As fishing for salmon became more popular, the river proprietors realised that very few salmon were reaching the upper reaches of the river system to spawn, as so many were being caught in traps at Brahan or netted elsewhere.
In 1890, a group of river proprietors leased the cruives and net fishing rights at Brahan. For a while, no trapping or netting took place at these locations, but this resulted in many more fish being caught in the Firth. The cruives were in use again by 1901, but the catch was dwindling, and rod fishing started to become unviable. In 1920 the Moray Firth Salmon Fishing Company was set up by Sir John Stirling, Lord Roberts and others. The company bought up the fishing rights in the Firth and the Conon estuary, and no netting took place for a while to allow stocks to recover, after which they reintroduced fishing. They did not get the balance right, as stocks dwindled in the 1980s. The average number of fish caught in the Firth between 1977 and 1986 were 502 salmon and 1478 grilse, adult salmon that had only spent one year at sea before returning to the river. The Atlantic Salmon Conservation Trust bought the fishing rights in the Firth in 1991 and mothballed them.
| 3.125
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10677853
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River%20Conon
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River Conon
|
The Conon and the Black Water were spring fisheries, but both rivers became less wild and more predictable after the construction of the hydroelectric scheme at the Falls of Conon in the 1920s and the major schemes built between 1946 and 1961. Although there had been floods in 1892 and 1922, there were four major floods between 1962 and 1989, with water levels on the Marybank to Moy Bridge road reaching in 1962. Subsequently, compensation flows from Loch Luichart were increased, to ensure that the loch had spare capacity at times of flood. The North of Scotland Hydro-electric Board bought all of the salmon fishing rights, apart from those owned by Sir John Stirling of the Fairburn estate, who refused to sell. The Board installed fish lifts at the dams, including a fish ladder at the Falls of Conon, enabling fish to reach the River Bran for the first time, and creating large new spawning grounds. They also created a large capacity hatchery, and guaranteed compensation flows on the Conon all year round, which prevented low water levels in the summer months from curtailing fishing.
| 2.953125
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10677853
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River%20Conon
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River Conon
|
The spawning grounds of the Black Water were largely destroyed by the damming of the river, and the dams do not have fish lifts. A fish trap on the upper Black Water is used to catch adult salmon, which are used to provide eggs for the hatchery. Although the fish lifts meant that adult salmon could more easily return to the spawning grounds above the dams, they were not well suited for smolts attempting to return to the sea, but modifications have been made to improve this situation. The Orrin and the Meig are no longer very accessible to adult salmon. The Orrin was particularly affected by dirt and silt being washed downstream while the works were being constructed, and an outbreak of ulcerative dermal necrosis in 1967 further affected fish stocks. In the ten years prior to 2006, the hatchery handled 2.6 million eggs each year, and during the same period, nearly of habitat suitable for juvenile salmon were brought into use. Although fish stocks appear to be recovering well, they are regularly predated by seals, as there is a population of around 400 in the Firth, which hunt on the river as far upstream as Torr Achilty dam. There is a large population of pike in the lower Conon, and a significant population of perch in the Bran. Mink have also become established in the area, particularly on the Black Water.
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10677863
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusky%20woodswallow
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Dusky woodswallow
|
The dusky woodswallow (Artamus cyanopterus) is a bird species of forests and woodlands in temperate and subtropical regions, extending into tropical areas around the Atherton Tableland, in eastern and southern Australia.
The global population of the species has as yet not been formally confirmed, but it has been officially rated in the range of 'Least Concern', according to the BirdLife International in 2004. As such, the bird could be described as common in its local habitat.
The name "woodswallow" is a misnomer as they are not closely related to true swallows. Instead, they belong to the family Artamidae, which also includes butcherbirds, currawongs and the Australian magpie.
Taxonomy
The dusky woodswallow was first described by the English ornithologist John Latham in 1801 with the binomial name Loxia cyanoptera. Its specific epithet is derived from the Ancient Greek words cyanos 'blue' and pteron 'wing'.
Description
The dusky woodswallow is medium-sized and swallow-like, with a dark brown hue, but there have been instances where the bird has appeared grey. The birds have a black patch in front of the eyes, and grey (sometimes also black) wings with white streaks on them. The dusky woodswallow has a black, white-tipped tail with a silver underwing. The birds have a blue-grey bill capped with black.
Dusky woodswallows are known to spontaneously 'wag' or swivel their tails fervently, a trait which is common among many other species of woodswallow.
Relations to other woodswallows
In a significant difference from other woodswallows, dusky woodswallows have a distinctive white patch on the outer wing. Dusky woodswallows also seem to typically be more smoky brown than other species of woodswallow. The little woodswallow, a smaller, darker woodswallow is also slightly more smoky brown that other woodswallows, but that is the only similarity that the latter has with the dusky woodswallow; the little woodswallow does not share a white patch on the outer wing.
Distribution and habitat
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10677863
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusky%20woodswallow
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Dusky woodswallow
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The birds live primarily in open eucalyptus forests and woodlands. They range mostly from Atherton Tableland, Queensland, down to Tasmania and west to Eyre Peninsula, in South Australia. They roost communally, usually nocturnally. During the breeding season, they nest in large flocks to make sure to keep predators away from young. These flocks can be 20–30 dusky woodswallows in size.
Dusky woodswallows adhere to seasonal migration and movements. The birds are a nomadic species, and tend to move quite spontaneously. However, one certain change of habitat occurs for the south-eastern birds, who migrate northward for Autumn.
Communally roosting birds, the dusky woodswallow has a variety of chattering calls which are used in certain situations. The most distinctive of these calls is perhaps the one which is used when a predator or intruder approaches, which consists of a harsh mobbing call to warn others.
Behaviour
Feeding and diet
The diet of the bird can be varied. They eat various forms of foliage and other grassy material that they find on the ground on in trees and shrubs. Dusky woodswallows have been seen eating termites, butterflies and other insects. They also eat nectar from flowers. One notable aspect of their feeding habits is the way they hunt flying insects, which is done by picking them up on their wing. They do, however, also eat their prey from the ground, and they often find inconspicuous places to perch while waiting for prey, such as utility lines and the like. They have also been observed engaging in kleptoparasitism, working as a group to rob a restless flycatcher of its prey.
| 3.0625
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10677863
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusky%20woodswallow
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Dusky woodswallow
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Breeding
The nest of the dusky woodswallow consists of twigs, roots and other similar foliage matted together to form a bowl shape, which is lined with grass. It is positioned safely, behind bark, and/or high in a tree branch, and sometimes in a hollowed out tree stump. The nest is made during the period from August to January, and with the help of several birds. The mated pair will then guard the nest, while others will help them take care of the babies. The female lays white eggs, of which there are usually no more than three or four. While the incubation period lasts for sixteen days, the amount of time taken for fledgling can be this long to around twenty days.
The typical clutch is three to four in size, but this may vary.
Conservation status
The dusky woodswallow has a very large range. The population size of this bird has not yet been quantified or estimated. It is, however, expected to be as populous as other birds within its densest range labeled 'common'. Because of this, the dusky woodswallow is listed as a species of least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) on the IUCN Red List.
| 2.96875
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10677886
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keizersgracht
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Keizersgracht
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The Keizersgracht (; "Emperor's canal") is a canal in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. It is the second of the three main Amsterdam canals that together form the Grachtengordel, or canal belt, and lies between the inner Herengracht and outer Prinsengracht.
History
The first part of the Keizersgracht, between Brouwersgracht and (approximately) the current Leidsegracht, was dug in the summer of 1615 at the initiative of mayor Frans Hendricksz. Oetgens, city carpenter Hendrick Jacobsz Staets and city surveyor Lucas Jansz Sinck. The Keizersgracht was named after Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor. It is the widest canal in the center of Amsterdam, namely one hundred Amsterdam feet, that is . The Keizersgracht is the second of the three main canals to have been dug; the Prinsengracht was dug in 1614.
In September 1614 there arose an intention to turn the Keizersgracht into a chic boulevard without water, following the example of Lange Voorhout in The Hague. This idea was abandoned for a number of reasons. It was expected that the future buyers of lots on the Keizersgracht would want to be able to reach their home or warehouse by boat. Other considerations may have been the need for water storage, the easier supply of building and raising material, but especially the shortage of infill material. The construction of the fortifications at the same time also required a lot of infill material.
The allotment on the east side was completed in November 1615. The plots were given the same width, 30 feet, as on the Herengracht. The buildings went up quickly; by 1618 hardly any vacant lots remained.
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10677894
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bormida%20%28river%29
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Bormida (river)
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The Bormida (Bormia in Piedmontese language) is a river of north-west Italy.
Toponymy
The hydronym Bormida derives from the pre-Roman Ligurian proto-form *bormo ('warm or bubbling water'), also linked to the names of the gods of the springs Bormō and Bormānus. Similar hydronyms are present in the region: the river Borbera and the river Borbore, but also the town of Bormio in Lombardy know since the ancient times for the thermal waters and the town of Burbons les bains in France known for the same reason. The root *borm- itself could have pre-Indo-European origins and, therefore, could be connected with the lost language (or languages) of Prehistoric inhabitants of Europe who occupied Northern Italy before the possible arrival of the Indo-Europeans.
Geography
The Bormida rises in Liguria from the Rocca Barbena (close to Colle Scravaion) as 'Bormida di Millesimo, and flows at first through Liguria and then through Piedmont. After converging with the Bormida di Spigno near Bistagno it joins the Tanaro, of which it is the major tributary, north-east of Alessandria.
| 2.5625
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10677900
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altyndepe
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Altyndepe
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(, sometimes Altyn Tepe, Turkmen "Golden Hill"), is a Bronze Age (BMAC) archaeological site in Turkmenistan, near Aşgabat, inhabited first from c. 3200 to 2400 BCE in the Late Regionalization Era, and from c. 2400 to 2000 BCE in the Integration Era as a full urban site.
Excavations
Large-scale excavations at Altyn-depe started in 1965.
During the late chalcolithic period Altyn Depe became a large-scale center with an area of 25 hectares. It was surrounded by an adobe wall with rectangular watch towers. Several living quarters were uncovered. The area called Excavation 9 was a living quarter with several houses, many of them perhaps belonging to wealthy people. The houses had courtyards and street were running between them. People were often buried within houses. At Excavation 5 and Excavation 10 two other larger parts of living quarters were found. Those belong more likely to craftsmen. The houses are smaller and not so well built.
Ziggurat
The site is notable for the remains of its ziggurat. This was a monumental religious complex with a four-level tower of the Mesopotamian ziggurat type. This construction has also been described as "proto-Zoroastrian".
There were also other Mesopotamian connections,
"The Altyn Depe civilization was in close contact with neighboring cultures. Sulfur-glazed vessels (Tepe Hissar, Tureng Tepe) obviously brought in from northeastern Iran turned up during the excavations in the aristocratic sector."
Namazga V and Altyndepe were also in contact with the Late Harappan culture (ca. 2000–1600 BC). In Altyn Depe, many Indus Valley items were found, including objects made of ivory, and stamp seals of the Harappian type. At least one item contained Harappian writing.
Masson (1988) views the culture as having a Proto-Dravidian affiliation. Also, Sarianidi affiliates the site with Indo Iranians.
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10677907
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Gresham
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Richard Gresham
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Sir Richard Gresham (c. 1485 – 21 February 1549) was an English mercer, Merchant Adventurer, Lord Mayor of London, and Member of Parliament. He was the father of Sir Thomas Gresham.
Biography
The Gresham family had been settled in the Norfolk village of Gresham since at least the late 14th century. Richard Gresham's grandfather, James Gresham, moved to Holt, Norfolk, about three miles from Gresham, where in the mid-fifteenth century he built a manor house in the centre of the small town. Richard Gresham, born about 1485 at Holt, was probably the third of four surviving sons of James Gresham's son, John Gresham, by his marriage to Alice Blythe of Long Stratton, Norfolk.
Gresham was admitted a liveryman of the Worshipful Company of Mercers in 1507. As a mercer, he was in partnership with his brother, John Gresham, in exporting textiles and importing grain from the continent. He supplied King Henry VIII with arras, velvets, and satins. Most of his trade was with the Low Countries, which were the most significant area for English overseas trade for most of the sixteenth century, and he amassed a large fortune. He became Sheriff of London and Middlesex in 1531, and was knighted the same year. On 19 May 1536, he was present at the execution of Anne Boleyn in the Tower of London. He was elected as Lord Mayor of London in 1537, and when Cardinal Wolsey was on his death bed he called Gresham his "fast-friend". Gresham paid for the Cardinal's funeral.
He was elected as one of the four Members of Parliament for the City of London in 1539 and 1545.
| 1.984375
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10677909
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herengracht
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Herengracht
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The Herengracht () is the second of four Amsterdam canals belonging to the canal belt and lies between the Singel and the Keizersgracht.
The Gouden Bocht (Golden Bend) in particular is known for its large and beautiful canal houses.
History
The Herengracht was built starting in 1612 on the initiative of Mayor Frans Hendricksz. Oetgens, city carpenter Hendrick Jacobsz. Staets and city surveyor Lucas Jansz Sinck.
Before that it was a moat (dug in 1585) for the companies located behind the Singel.
The canal ran within the city wall parallel to the canal outside the city wall.
The Herengracht therefore still has a kink at Driekoningenstraat, where the outer moat was routed around a stronghold at that height.
When the ditch was widened into the present canal it was given the name Herengracht in 1612, after the Heren Regeerders van de stad Amsterdam (Gentlemen Governors of the city of Amsterdam).
The part between Leidsegracht and the Binnen Amstel is part of the expansion after 1658.
This part contains the Gouden Bocht (Golden Bend), the most prestigious part of the Herengracht.
Many of the houses were inhabited here by regents, mayors and traders who earned their fortunes in trade with South America or the Dutch East Indies.
Many buildings were built by the Amsterdam architects Philips Vingboons (1607–78) or Adriaan Dortsman (1635–82).
In the last expansion, the section east of the Amstel was laid to the water of the IJ.
This last part, located in the prosperous part of Amsterdam's Jewish quarter, was named Nieuwe Herengracht.
Monuments
There are many monumental canal houses on Herengracht, such as:
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10677927
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNLV%20School%20of%20Architecture
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UNLV School of Architecture
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The School of Architecture (SOA) is part of the College of Fine Arts at University of Nevada, Las Vegas. It is accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB) in October 1997 and currently provides the only program accredited for architecture in the state of Nevada. The school offers a Bachelor of Science in architecture, interior architecture and landscape architecture. It also offers a master of architecture as a professional degree and a master of healthcare interior design.
Buildings
The School of Architecture is located in the Paul B. Sogg Architecture Building located on the Southeast corner of UNLV's campus on Brussels Road close to Maryland Pkwy and Tropicana Ave in Las Vegas, Nevada. The facility was named after the developer Paul B. Sogg who donated generously for the building's construction. The cost of the building was $8.25 million and was designed by SH Architecture (formerly Swisher & Hall, AIA Ltd.) of Las Vegas. Facilities inside the structure include the Architecture Studies Library providing a wide selection of services catered to students within the School of Architecture, as well providing services to the architectural community throughout Las Vegas. An addition to the original structure was completed in 2004 to provide more studio space and offices. This new addition was designed by DPHS Architects and cost $1.6 million.
In the fall of 2008, the Downtown Design Center opened in the historic Fifth Street School, a former primary school listed on the National Register of Historic Places on Clark Avenue and Las Vegas Boulevard (previously 5th Street) in downtown Las Vegas. The Downtown Design Center hosts specialized studios, the Klai Juba Wald lecture series, and is home to the state and local chapter of the American Institute of Architects.
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10677933
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara%20Unateze
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Nara Unateze
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Nara Unateze (originally eraranwata) is a town in the Nkanu East Local Government Area of Enugu State Nigeria. It belongs to the Nkanu clan of Igbo land and speaks the Nkanu dialect of Igbo language. It is popularly known as Obodo Iwewe (the town that never gets angry).
Politically, Nara consists of two Electoral Wards namely Nara Ward I and ward II respectively. Each ward elects a Councillor, a local parliamentarian that represents it at the Nkanu East Local Government legislative Council at the Council Headquarters at Amagunze.
Nara has four autonomous communities namely Nara, Amagu/Amofia, Umuawalagu and Isiogbo Nara. Each community is headed by a Traditional Rulers usually called "Igwe".
Nara is bordered by Ugbawka, Ihuokpara,Ezza, Nkerefi, Mburubu and Isu/Ohaozara.
Town
The town contains eight communities, Umueze, Umuawalagu, Amagu, Amofia, Umuiba, Isiogbo, Umuawaragu, and Umuokparangene.
Boundaries
The town is bordered by Ugbawka, Nkerefi, Ihuokpara, Mburubu, and Isu Ohaozara.
Villages
The major villages are Amofia,Umueze, Umuiba, Amagu,Umunze,Umuokparangene,Umuawaragu
Features
Nara-unataeze has predominantly two major rivers which are, the Esu river and the Ojorowo River. The two rivers have their confluence at Obeagu Umueze.
Another great feature of this great town is the presence of its two major markets, namely Nkwo and Orie Nara whose market days are only four days apart from each other.
On each market day goods and commodities which Naraunateze is known for are always displayed in high quantities as it dubbed that the farm produce of garri and palm oil gotten in the town serves a quarter of the state's populace.
A popular saying goes that the best way to a man's heart is through his stomach, the major delicacy of the Unataeze people is Ofe-awa (awa-soup) which is prepared with the awa leaf together with the egusi seeds preferably.
Nara-unateze as community is nicknamed "Obodo Iwe-ewe" which translates "a town who never gets angry".
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10677992
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abi%20Gamin
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Abi Gamin
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Abi Gamin (also known as Ibi Gamin) is a Himalayan mountain peak mostly situated in the Chamoli district of Uttarakhand state in India, roughly 2 km (1.2 mi) northeast of Kamet. Its summit is on the border with Tibet and its northern slope is in the Ngari Prefecture of Tibet.
Abi Gamin is located in the central Himalayas and at the culminating point of the Zaskar Range. It is situated on the watershed of the upper Alaknanda and Dhauli rivers between the famous Manna and Niti passes on the Indo-Tibetan border.
Abi Gamin is the second highest peak in the immediate region, after Kamet. It is also one of the fifteen seven thousand metre peaks of Uttarakhand, and as such it is a significant peak. However it is not particularly independent, lying as it does close to the higher peak of Kamet, and separated from it by the high saddle known as Meade's Col, .
Abi Gamin was surveyed (along with the rest of the group) by Richard Strachey in 1848; this was the first time that the great heights of these peaks was recognized.
In 1855, the Schlagintweit brothers named this range as Western, Central and Eastern Abi Gamin. These correspond to Mukut Parbat, Kamet and Abi Gamin.
Climbing history
The first attempt to climb Kamet was launched by Adolf and Robert Schlagintweit from the Tibetan side up the NE ridge: they estimated that in August 1855 they reached an altitude of 22,239 or on Kamet, though they were in fact attempting to climb Abi Gamin. Their attempt resulted in an at the time widely acknowledged altitude record.
During the 1874-77 survey by the Survey of India under E. C. Ryall, I. S. Pocock set up a plane table at c.22050' on the West flank of Abi Gamin.
| 2.125
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10678009
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucopaxillus
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Leucopaxillus
|
Leucopaxillus is a genus of fairly large white-spored gilled mushrooms which are found worldwide growing on the ground in woodlands. These are saprotrophs, but may sometimes be ectomycorrhizal. Less than ten species of Leucopaxillus are known to grow in North America. No species of Leucopaxillus are known to be poisonous, but they do not have an appealing taste or texture. The widespread genus contains about 15 species.
Members of Leucopaxillus are medium-sized to large, have a dry convex to depressed cap, an inrolled margin when young, lack a partial veil and have tough flesh. They have white or yellowish gills which can come off in a layer, leaving the underside of the cap smooth. The spores are white, amyloid and spiny. These mushrooms often smell bad and can be mistaken for Tricholoma and Clitocybe, but mushrooms in those genera are more fragile and rot more quickly. Members of Leucopaxillus have antibiotics which make the mushrooms persist much longer than most, making them appear to be more common than they actually are.
Species
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10678027
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connection-oriented%20Ethernet
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Connection-oriented Ethernet
|
Connection-oriented Ethernet refers to the transformation of Ethernet, a connectionless communication system by design, into a connection-oriented system. The aim of connection-oriented Ethernet is to create a networking technology that combines the flexibility and cost-efficiency of Ethernet with the reliability of connection-oriented protocols. Connection-oriented Ethernet is used in commercial carrier grade networks.
Traditional carrier networks deliver services at very high availability. Packet-switched networks are different, as they offer services based on statistical multiplexing. Moreover, packet transport equipment, which makes up the machinery of data networking, leaves most of the carrier-grade qualities such as quality of service, routing, provisioning, and security, to be realized by packet processing. Addressing these needs in a cost-efficient way is a challenge for packet-based technologies.
The IP-MPLS approach aims at providing guaranteed services over the Internet Protocol using a multitude of networking protocols to create, maintain and handle packet data streams. While this approach solves the problem, it inevitably also creates a great deal of complexity.
This has resulted in the emergence of connection-oriented Ethernet which includes a variety of methodologies to utilize Ethernet for the same functionalities otherwise based on extensive IP protocols. The challenge of carrier Ethernet is to add carrier-grade functionality to Ethernet equipment without losing the cost-effectiveness and simplicity that makes it attractive in the first place. To meet this challenge, common connection-oriented Ethernet solutions have chosen to rid themselves of the complex parts of packet transport to achieve stability and control. Key connection-oriented Ethernet technologies used to achieve this include mainly IEEE 802.1ah, Provider Backbone Transport and MPLS-TP, and formerly T-MPLS.
PBT and PBB
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10678027
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connection-oriented%20Ethernet
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Connection-oriented Ethernet
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Services in the data network are typically classified into 2 major categories: Committed Information Rate (CIR) and Excess Information Rate (EIR). A CIR service guarantees its user a fixed amount of bandwidth, whereas an EIR service offers best-effort only transport. Both types of services share a single capacity-constrained infrastructure. Both are further defined by additional parameters.
A carrier's return on investment is directly related to its ability to transport more service instances over a fixed capacity-constrained infrastructure, keeping Quality of Service high. It is further associated with its ability to offer a broad range of added-value services, such as IPTV, Voice, and VPN, whose requirements can widely vary and pose technical difficulties when sharing the same infrastructure.
With the above in mind, the carrier's objective is to offer a maximum amount of best-effort EIR services over its network while reliably serving its committed CIR services. To achieve this PBB/PBT and T-MPLS approaches largely under-provision network resources, in order to avoid a situation where a burst in best-effort traffic would jeopardize the ability to serve committed traffic, leading to costly penalties. An additional issue with best-effort access on data networks is fair allocation among clients. With PBB/PBT and T-MPLS, the amount of bandwidth available to a particular client greatly depends on the client's location and the prevailing traffic conditions. This limits the value customers attach to EIR services and undercuts carriers' opportunities to offer differentiated access to its excess capacity.
Performing traffic engineering in real-time is thus key to next-generation Ethernet transport. Additional qualities are required to make Ethernet a carrier-grade technology:
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20invasive%20and%20interventional%20cardiology
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History of invasive and interventional cardiology
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The history of invasive and interventional cardiology is complex, with multiple groups working independently on similar technologies. Invasive and interventional cardiology is currently closely associated with cardiologists (physicians who treat the diseases of the heart), though the development and most of its early research and procedures were performed by diagnostic and interventional radiologists.
The birth of invasive cardiology
The history of invasive cardiology begins with the development of cardiac catheterization in 1711, when Stephen Hales placed catheters into the right and left ventricles of a living horse. Variations on the technique were performed over the subsequent century, with formal study of cardiac physiology being performed by Claude Bernard in the 1840s.
Catheterization of humans
The technique of angiography itself was first developed in 1927 by the Portuguese physician Egas Moniz at the University of Lisbon for cerebral angiography, the viewing of brain vasculature by X-ray radiation with the aid of a contrast medium introduced by catheter. Cardiac catheterization was first performed when Werner Forssmann, in 1929, created an incision in one of his left antecubital veins and inserted a catheter into his venous system. He then guided the catheter by fluoroscopy into his right atrium. Subsequently, he walked up a flight of stairs to the radiology department and documented the procedure by having a chest roentgenogram performed. Over the next year, catheters were placed in a similar manner into the right ventricle, and measurements of pressure and cardiac output (using the Fick principle) were performed.
In the early 1940s, André Cournand, in collaboration with Dickinson Richards, performed more systematic measurements of the hemodynamics of the heart. For their work in the discovery of cardiac catheterization and hemodynamic measurements, Cournand, Forssmann, and Richards shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1956.
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History of invasive and interventional cardiology
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Development of the diagnostic coronary angiogram
In 1958, Interventional Radiologist, Dr. Charles Dotter began working on methods to visualize the coronary anatomy via sequential radiographic films. He invented a method known as occlusive aortography in an animal model. Occlusive aortography involved the transient occlusion of the aorta and subsequent injection of a small amount of radiographic contrast agent into the aortic root and subsequent serial x-rays to visualize the coronary arteries.
Later that same year, while performing an aortic root aortography, Mason Sones, a pediatric cardiologist at the Cleveland Clinic, noted that the catheter had accidentally entered the patient's right coronary artery. Before the catheter could be removed, 30cc of contrast agent had been injected. While the patient went into ventricular fibrillation, the dangerous arrhythmia was terminated by Dr. Sones promptly performing a precordial thump which restored sinus rhythm.
Until the 1950s, placing a catheter into either the arterial or venous system involved a "cut down" procedure, in which the soft tissues were dissected out of the way until the artery or vein was directly visualized and subsequently punctured by a catheter; this was known as the Sones technique. The percutaneous approach that is widely used today was developed by radiologist Sven-Ivar Seldinger in 1953. Percutaneous access of the artery or vein is still commonly known as the Seldinger technique. The use of the Seldinger technique for visualizing the coronary arteries was described by Ricketts and Abrams in 1962 and Judkins in 1967.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20invasive%20and%20interventional%20cardiology
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History of invasive and interventional cardiology
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Dawn of the interventional era
The use of tapered Teflon dilating catheters for the treatment of atherosclerotic vascular disease was first described in 1964 by two interventional radiologists, Charles Dotter and Melvin Judkins, when they used it to treat a case of atherosclerotic disease in the superficial femoral artery of the left leg. Building on their work and his own research involving balloon-tipped catheters, Andreas Gruentzig performed the first success percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (known as PTCA or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)) on a human on September 16, 1977 at University Hospital, Zurich. The results of the procedure were presented at the American Heart Association meeting two months later to a stunned audience of cardiologists. In the subsequent three years, Dr. Gruentzig performed coronary angioplasties in 169 patients in Zurich, while teaching the practice of coronary angioplasty to a field of budding interventional cardiologists. Ten years later, nearly 90 percent of these individuals were still alive. By the mid-1980s, over 300,000 PTCAs were being performed on a yearly basis, equalling the number of bypass surgeries being performed for coronary artery disease.
Soon after Andreas Gruentzig began performing percutaneous interventions on individuals with stable coronary artery disease, multiple groups described the use of catheter-delivered streptokinase for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (heart attack).
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History of invasive and interventional cardiology
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In recognition of the focused training required by cardiologists to perform percutaneous coronary interventions and the rapid progression in the field of percutaneous coronary interventions, specialized fellowship training in the field of Interventional Cardiology was instituted in 1999.
Changes in post-procedure medications
Through the 1990s and beyond, various incremental improvements were made in balloon and stent technology, as well as newer devices, some of which are still in use today while many more have fallen into disuse. As important as balloon and stent technology had been, it was becoming obvious that the anticoagulation and anti-platelet regimen that individuals received post-intervention was at least as important. Trials in the late 1990s revealed that anticoagulation with warfarin was not required post balloon angioplasty or stent implantation, while intense anti-platelet regimens and changes in procedural technique (most importantly, making sure that the stent was well opposed to the walls of the coronary artery) improved short term and long term outcomes. Many different antiplatelet regimens were evaluated in the 1990s and the turn of the 21st century, with the optimal regimen in an individual patient still being up for debate.
The drug-eluting stent era
With the high use of intracoronary stents during PCI procedures, the focus of treatment changed from procedural success to prevention of recurrence of disease in the treated area (in-stent restenosis). By the late 1990s, it was generally acknowledged among cardiologists that the incidence of in-stent restenosis was between 15 and 30%, and possibly higher in certain subgroups of individuals. Stent manufacturers experimented with (and continue to experiment with) a number of chemical agents to prevent the neointimal hyperplasia that is the cause of in-stent restenosis.
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History of invasive and interventional cardiology
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Since 2006, technology advancements for drug-eluting stents have led to safety improvements. More recent analysis of clinical data note drug-eluting stents can be safely used and can lead to more effective reduction in stent thrombosis than bare metal stents. According to a 2018 data analysis, using drug-eluting stents in coronary intervention lowered risk of myocardial infarction, ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization, target vessel revascularization, and stent thrombosis in the first month following stenting. Newer generations of drug-eluting stents have been found to reduce the risk of restenosis, myocardial infarction, and death when compared with bare-metal stents. Advancements in stent design that include reducing strut thickness have shown further improvements for patients compared to previous generations.
A 2021 study noting a lack of age-specific recommendations for elderly patients with ischemic heart disease found a statistically significant decrease in major cardiovascular events when elderly patients were treated using drug-eluting stents. The findings led the study's authors to recommend drug-eluting stents over bare metal stents when treating the elderly.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fazl-e-Haq%20Khairabadi
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Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi
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Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi (1796/1797 – 19 August 1861) was a Hanafi mufti, Kalam scholar, Maturidi theologian, and poet. He was an activist of the Indian independence movement and campaigned against British colonialism. He issued an early religious edict in favour of doing military jihad against British colonialism during 1857 and inspired various others to participate in the 1857 rebellion. He wrote Tahqeeq al-Fatwa Fi Abtal al-Taghwa in refutation of Ismail Dehlvi's Taqwiyat al-Iman and authored books such as al-Thawra al-Hindiyya.
Life
Fazl-e-Haq was born into a family of Indian Muslims. He was born in 1796 or 1797 in Khairabad, Sitapur. His father was Sadr al-Sadur, the chief advisor to the Mughals regarding religious matters. He became a teacher by the age of 13. In 1828, he was appointed to the position of mufti in the Department of Qaza.
Besides being a scholar of Islamic studies and theology, he was also a literary persona, especially of Urdu, Arabic and Persian literature. More than 400 couplets in Arabic are attributed to him. He edited the first diwan of Mirza Ghalib on his request. He followed the Hanafi school of thought and was a theologian of the Maturidi school, he was also a poet.
On account of his deep knowledge and erudition, he was bestowed with the title of "Allama" and later was venerated as a great Sufi. He was also called the Imam of logic, philosophy and literature. He was considered by scholars to be the final authority on issuing fatwas or religious rulings.
He possessed a great presence of mind and was very intelligent. There are many stories about his repartee with Mirza Ghalib and other contemporary eminent poets, writers and intellectuals. He and his son Abdul al-Haq Khairabadi established Madrasa Khairabad in northern India, where many scholars got educated. He wrote Risala al-Thawra al-Hindiyya in Arabic language and wrote an account of the rebellion called al-Thawra al-Hindiyya.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fazl-e-Haq%20Khairabadi
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Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi
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Jihad against British governance
As the Indians started to struggle against British occupation, Khairabadi conducted several private meetings with the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar, which continued until May 1857. On June 26, 1857, when General Bakht Khan along with his army of 14000, reached Delhi from Bareilly, Khairabadi gave a Friday sermon, attended by a plethora of Muslim scholars and issued a religious edict supporting jihad against the colonial government. The fatwa was signed by Sadruddin Azurda, Abdul Qadir, Faizullah Dehalvi, Faiz Ahmed Badayuni, Wazir Khan, and Syed Mubarak Shah Rampuri. Through this edict, he inspired people to participate in 1857 rebellion. Subsequently, the Britishers deployed an army of some 90,000 around Delhi to protect its interests and to curb spread of jihad, following the issuance of Khairabadi's edict. Later, he was sent into exile to Kalapani jail in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
He was arrested by the British authorities on January 30, 1859, at Khairabad for inciting violence. He was tried and found guilty of encouraging murder and role in the rebellion. The authorities considered him "extraordinary intelligence and acumen who should be reckoned as the most dangerous threat to the British presence in India, and therefore must be evicted from the Indian mainland. He was accused of being the major force behind the mutiny, persuading masses to rise in revolt against the authority of the Company, campaigning and motivating masses to join the mutiny by calling it war of independence and issuing Fatwas inciting violence and making provocative speeches.
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