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10680561
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesare%20Mariani
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Cesare Mariani
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Cesare Mariani (January 13, 1826 – February 21, 1901) was an Italian painter and architect of the late-19th century, active in Rome and Ascoli Piceno.
Early life and training
He was born in Rome to Pietro and Maria Agnelletti; his father worked for the Giustiniani family. This helped him access in 1837 to studies at the Accademia San Luca of Rome. His first masters were a painter by the name of Delicati and G. Silvagni, who taught design at the academy. He entered the studio of Tommaso Minardi from 1842 to 1850. There he worked alongside Guglielmo De Sanctis, Cesare Fracassini, Nicola Consoni, and Cesare Marianecci. One of his works were displayed at the Universal Exposition in London of 1851. His work was influenced by works of Ingres and the Nazarene movement, but also by Francesco Hayez's interest in genre depiction, and which differed from the more academic style of Vincenzo Cammuccini. Mariani painted a portrait for the Monument to Cardinal R. Fornari (1855, Santa Maria sopra Minerva, Rome).
Mature work
His easel paintings gave him a good degree of success. He moved into a room in the Palazzo Dovizielli on Via Margutta. Sharing the flat were painter Bernardo Celentano and Fracassini. Here he painted Sappho (1858), followed by The Diviner, Astrologer in the act of Divination, and a Music Lesson exhibited in the 1861 Universal Exhibition in Florence. Mainardi gained commissions in frescoes for many churches and palaces in Rome, Lazio, Umbria and finally in the Marche and Abruzzo. For example, he helped complete the decoration (1857–1860) for the rebuilt basilica of San Paolo fuori le Mura, working on Paul laying on of hands on Barnabas in Antioch and The Magician Elymas in Pafo del Sud.
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10680561
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesare%20Mariani
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Cesare Mariani
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His also worked on the decoration of the church of Santa Maria in Monticelli, restored by the architect Francesco Azzurri. Mariani entirely frescoed the vault with Christian heroines, the presbytery with Christ and Christ teaches children between the crowds in the hall of the temple, the wall above the organ with Moses and the burning bush, Jacob's Dream, the choir with Saint Cecilia in the midst of a choir of angels, painted in monochrome on a design by Minardi. In 1862 he moved to Arpino to decorate the ceiling of the Palazzo Sangermano, with a fresco depicting Chariot of Venus with some nymphs, for which he was paid 200 scudi.
In 1863, he married Virginia Barlocci, herself a painter and ceramist, widow of the painter Bernardino Riccardi, and by September of the same year he was appointed academic of merit in the Accademia di San Luca.
In 1865, he completed frescoes for the church of Santa Maria in Aquiro, during its restoration by G. Morichini between 1861 and 1866. Here he painted three octagons with angels in the ceiling, with evangelists and angels on the pendents. He also painted the four Doctors of the Church on pillars of the nave and the Eternal Father on a gold background in the dome.
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10680561
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesare%20Mariani
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Cesare Mariani
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In 1868, he became a member of the Artistic Commission for Roman Copperplate Engraving. After the death of Cesare Fracassini, Mariani, along with Francesco Grandi, and Coghetti, were asked to complete the fresco decoration of the newly rebuilt Basilica of San Lorenzo fuori le Mura. He painted a Martyrdom and Burial of St Stephen, both destroyed during the bombing of 1943 (the Martyrdom was reproduced in 1920 by G. Fantoni of Gemona on the vault of the parish of San Stefano in San Stino of Livenza). He helped decorate the Sanctuary of Santa Maria Auxilium Christianorum Trevi, near Montefalco in Umbria. On the vault, he painted Apostles, Prophets, Patriarchs and Sibyls, in the pendentives, Heroines of the Bible and a Coronation of the Virgin in the apse. The altarpieces of the sanctuary were painted by Pollastrini and Overbeck.
In 1870, he worked with Domenico Bruschi in frescos for the Palazzo della Consulta in Rome. He completed the figures of Geometry and Dialectic for the monument of the Roman Cemetery of Verano. He completed an altarpiece of the Presentation of Jesus at the Temple for a cycle of paintings about the mysteries of the Rosary for the Cathedral in Santiago, Chile. He frescoed the walls and painted the altarpiece (1870) for the Chapel of St Matthew in the church of Santo Stefano del Cacco. He also frescoed (1870–74) the cupola, lunettes of the counterfacade, and the chapel of the Crucifix of the church of Santa Maria di Loreto alla Colonna Traiana.
He decorated in the oratory of the Merchants at the Convent of the Gesù, and painted a St Bridget between the windows of the nave of Santa Maria in Trastevere (1872). He painted frescoes for the Chapel of the Madonna in San Salvatore in Onda (1875–76), and the ceiling of Sant' Omobono (1877), the nave and chancel in San Giuseppe dei Falegnami near the Mamertine Jail, restored by A. Parisi (1880–83), and finally he painted two panels in San Rocco Ripetta (1885).
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10680561
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesare%20Mariani
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Cesare Mariani
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In 1887 he painted a Japanese Martyrs crucified in 1597 in Nagasaki for the church of San Antonio di Padua on Via Merulana. He also painted two versions of this painting for the School of Giovanni Battista de la Salle (1887–88) and contributed to the cycles of frescoes for the Cathedral of St. Emidio at Ascoli Piceno (1884–91) and for the shrine of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Teramo. In Teramo, he also painted a triptych depicting the Virgin Enthroned with Saints Francis and Anne for the Savini chapel, and decorated the palace city of the same family.
In 1878, he won a contest to paint the main Hall of the Finance Ministry, where he depicted an allegory of the Unity of Italy with Illustrious Men of Past and Present. He lost a competition to Maccari to paint the So-called Yellow Hall of the Senate; Maccari went on to paint his masterpiece Cicero Denounces Catiline.
He painted frescoes for a number of Roman palaces including the Marignoli and Bobrinski. Mariani gave drawing lessons to the Prince of Naples Vittorio Emanuele and was commissioned to paint a frieze in the Royal apartments of the Palazzo Quirinale. He also painted a canvas about the Kingship being offered to Emanuele Filiberto, which was sent to the International Exhibition of Rome in 1883. He completed paintings for the chapel of San Giovanni Miani. For Santa Lucia del Gonfalone, he painted frescoes with three scenes: The Vision of St Bonaventure, Pope Sixtus V blesses the Redeemed Barbary Slaves, and The oath of Giovanni Cerrone. In 1867, he was commissioned by Signore Baldini Giustiniani to paint frescoes at the Castello at Rocca di Lanciano, depicting Aurora and the Chariot of the Sun.
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10680561
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesare%20Mariani
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Cesare Mariani
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He continued the inveterate tradition of Italian religious frescoes with work at the Cathedral of Ascoli Piceno, the church of Madonna delle Grazie in the city of Teramo in the region of Abruzzo and the churches of Santa Maria del Suffragio and Santo Stefano del Cacco. Cesare's style owes as much to the Italian heritage as to modern pre-raphaelite styles; in effect, his work at Sant' Emidio, named for a 4th-century saint, is striking for its faith that art could revitalize a hagiography that was waning in a secularizing Italy.
Awards and teaching roles
In May 1870, he was appointed as Knight of the Order of St. Gregory the Great by Pope Pius IX. After just over a year, July 30, 1871, he was appointed Knight of the Order of the Crown of Italy, and in 1872 the Emperor Pedro II of Brazil awarded him the Cross of the Order of the Rose. In 1870, he became a member of Academies of Fine Arts of many cities in Italy, including Perugia, Florence, Milan, Urbino, Carrara, Orvieto, and Ravenna. He was also named to the council than of Fine Arts of the Ministry of Public Education. In 1872, the city council of Rome sent Mariani to National Art Exhibition in Milan, and in 1873, he was on the jury of the World Exhibition in Vienna with Filippo Palizzi.
From 1888 to 1890 he was president of the Accademia di San Luca. The last official task of the artist was to participate in 1896 in the juried competition, "Per una memoria sulla tecnica dei dipinti", launched by the Ministry of Education public, replacing Francesco Jacovacci. He was reduced to inactivity in 1898, the same year of the death of his wife, and died in Rome on February 21, 1901.
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10680650
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armsmear
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Armsmear
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The house and manicured grounds were the primary residence of Samuel Colt and his family. The Colts entertained lavishly at the estate, holding large parties that were the highlight of the Hartford society season. Samuel Colt lived in Armsmear for approximately 5 years from 1857 until his death in 1862. He was buried on the grounds of Armsmear near the graves of Sam and Elizabeth's young children, amidst a copse of weeping willows known as the 'Grove of Graves.' Following her husband's death, Elizabeth Hart Colt and her son Caldwell Hart Colt lived together in the large home for several decades. In 1894, Elizabeth had Samuel Colt and four of their children buried at Armsmear reinterred to Cedar Hill Cemetery.
After Elizabeth Colt died in 1905, the house was converted to a home for Episcopal women (in 1911) under the terms of her will. The residential community to this day is administrated by the Colt Trust. She also gave of Armsmear's grounds to create Hartford's Colt Park. The city has subsequently replaced the greenhouse, garden, and ponds with ball fields and a skating rink.
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10680706
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bigastro
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Bigastro
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Bigastro (; Valencian: Bigastre) is a municipality in the Valencian Community (Spain) situated in the south of the province of Alicante, in the comarca of Vega Baja del Segura. It had a population of 6,450 at the time of the 2005 census.
History
In La Loma, there is an archaeological site dating from the Bronze Age.
The city () was the seat of a bishop under Byzantine rule. It was probably recovered by the Visigoths under Witteric.
The district derives its name from the Lugar Nuevo de los Canónigos, a place of residence for the canons of Orihuela cathedral, which once had power over the area. In 1701, after some lawsuits with the settlers, the church made some allowances which permitted the foundation of Bigastro, starting with three estates, in which 24 families lived.
Economy
At the time of its foundation, agriculture was concentrated around flax and hemp; in the 19th century, the fall of the textile sector sparked interest in citrus fruits and products from irrigated fields. There is also industrial activity, mainly in the form of construction and manufacturing.
Demography
In 2005, Bigastro had 6,450 residents, 11.79% of which were foreigners. The most common nationality was British (22% of all foreigners).
Monuments
The young age of the town means that some landlord's homes survive, along with some farmer's dwellings dispersed throughout the area. One unique monument that must be mentioned is the Church of the Virgin of Bethlehem, where a sculpture of Saint Joachim of Salzillo.
Gastronomy
The typical dishes in the area are stew and rabbit with rice. Other important dishes in Bigastro come from the pastry shops: almojábanas, toñas, almendrados, monas and soplillos.
Twin towns
- Le Vigan (Gard), since 2002
- Cisano sul Neva, since 2002
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10680742
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronation%20Gospels%20%28British%20Library%2C%20Cotton%20MS%20Tiberius%20A.ii%29
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Coronation Gospels (British Library, Cotton MS Tiberius A.ii)
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The Athelstan Gospels, or British Library, Cotton MS Tiberius A. ii is a late 9th or early 10th-century Ottonian illuminated Gospel book which entered England as a gift to King Athelstan, who in turn offered it to Christ Church, Canterbury. It is also referred to as the Coronation Gospels (as are other manuscripts) on account of an early modern tradition that it had been used as an oath-book at English coronations.
The page size is 235 x 180mm. The manuscript "is a concrete example of the type of Continental illuminated manuscript, imported into England in the early tenth century, which was available to the artists who laid the foundations of the Winchester school" of illumination. The manuscript was divided by Sir Robert Cotton when it was in his Cotton Library, who removed Papal bulls and Anglo-Saxon charters from the end of the book.
Early history
The Gospel book was probably written on the Continent, possibly at Lobbes Abbey (Belgium), in the late 9th or early 10th century. A few inscriptions entered into the manuscript reveal something of its subsequent history.
It was presented by King Athelstan to Christ Church Priory, Canterbury, in the early 10th century, as a lengthy inscription on f. 15v records. The language and style of the inscription recall some of the king's charters and as in some of these charters, Athelstan is styled "ruler of the English [Anglorum basyleos] and ruler of the whole of Britain [curagulus totius Bryttanie]", associating the king with "an imperial past and the glories of the heirs of Rome".
| 2.46875
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10680742
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronation%20Gospels%20%28British%20Library%2C%20Cotton%20MS%20Tiberius%20A.ii%29
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Coronation Gospels (British Library, Cotton MS Tiberius A.ii)
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Athelstan, in turn, may have received the book from his brother-in-law Otto the Great, who was king of Germany, and Otto's mother, Matilda (d. 968). Their names ( and ) are written, probably by an Englishman, on the back of the picture of Saint Matthew (f. 24r), here shown to the right. A third inscription, which occurs now on f. 15r but may originally have come before f. 3r, presents the Latin poem Rex pius Æðelstan ("Devout King Athelstan"), written by a continental scribe in Caroline minuscule.
In the middle of the 10th century, the manuscript's portrait of St Matthew served as an exemplar for an Anglo-Saxon artist, who copied it into a manuscript which is classified today as Oxford, St John's College, MS 194.
During the 11th and 12th century, blank spaces in the manuscript were used to record a number of texts in Old English and Latin bearing on the properties of Christ Church, Canterbury. According to Neil Ker, the documents covered 11 blank leaves which Robert Cotton (d. 1631) removed from the manuscript in order to rebind them in two manuscripts, Cotton MS Claudius A. iii (ff. 2–7, 9) and MS Faustina B. vi (ff. 95, 98-100).
Robert Cotton
In the early 17th century, the manuscript was acquired by Sir Robert Cotton, who reused a late medieval manuscript leaf to add a title page (f. 1r) with a gold-lettered Latin poem written on it. Written as though uttered by the book itself, the poem was probably specially composed for the title page and possibly by Cotton himself. It puts forward the spurious claim that Athelstan had intended the gospel book to be "sacred to kings, whenever they were contemplating the initial responsibilities of rule", apparently since Cotton assumed that kings were to swear their coronation oaths on it. A letter of his time reveals that in 1626 Cotton had presented the book to Charles I precisely for such purposes. Although it seems that Cotton's hopes were not fulfilled, it is possible that the manuscript had served its imagined purpose at the coronation of James II in 1685.
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10680758
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narragansett%20Park
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Narragansett Park
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During its early years, Narragansett Park was one of the most financially successful tracks in the country. From the time it opened to September 30, 1936 it posted a net profit of $2,017,381.54. In 1934 Rhode Island received over $800,000 in revenue from the track, which was more than 10% of the state's entire budget. Narragansett also became known as somewhat of a “High Society” due to its proximity to Newport, Rhode Island – the summer resort of many wealthy owners from New York City. The track was frequented by celebrities, including Cab Calloway, Jimmy Durante, Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Mickey Rooney, and Milton Berle. For decades, the track received patrons from Boston via the New Haven Railroad. During the racing season, daily trains, known as "'Gansett Specials" ran from Boston's South Station to the station tracks at Naragansett Park. The trains left Boston around noon to arrive in time for the first race and returned following the last race.
Narragansett Park was part of many horse racing innovations. The track was one of the first in the country to install a photo finish camera and a starting gate. It was also one of the first to institute a $1,000 minimum purse.
On June 22, 1935, Seabiscuit broke his maiden at Narragansett and equaled the five-furlong track record. Four days later in the Watch Hill Claiming Stakes he once again broke the track record, this time by a full second. In 1937, Seabiscuit finished third in the Narragansett Special. The loss ended a streak of seven consecutive stakes wins for Seabiscuit, one shy of Discovery's record.
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10680758
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narragansett%20Park
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Narragansett Park
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The race track war
In the summer of 1937, track president Walter E. O'Hara got into an altercation with the state racing steward. The state Horse Racing Division ordered that O'Hara be removed as a track official of the race track for intimidating and interfering with the steward. The Horse Racing Division also ordered an audit of the Narragansett Racing Association's books, which resulted in six new charges against the track to revoke its license for the fall racing season. O'Hara responded to the charges in his newspaper, the Providence Star-Tribune, in an article which he implied that Governor Robert E. Quinn was or would end up in Butler Hospital, a psychiatric hospital that specialized in the treatment of substance abuse. On September 15, 1937, the Rhode Island Supreme Court unanimously decided to quash the division's order to remove O'Hara. However, Quinn filed two charges with the division seeking O'Hara's removal as a track official and the revocation of the Narragansett Racing Association's license for O'Hara's attacks in the newspaper. The division sided with the Governor and ordered O'Hara's removal and indefinitely suspended the track's license at the end of the summer races. The summer racing season ended on September 30, 1937, however, the track did not remove O'Hara. The Supreme Court quashed the division's order to remove O'Hara and suspend the track's license. However, Quinn refused to permit racing at the track. On October 17, Quinn declared that Narragansett Park was "in a state of insurrection," and ordered the National Guard to enforce martial law. O'Hara, who was in Maryland on business, flew back to the track and was escorted by guardsmen to his penthouse on the track's roof, where he entertained journalists and politicians and played March of the Wooden Soldiers over the public address system for the guardsmen.
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10680758
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narragansett%20Park
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Narragansett Park
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Later years
The track began a slow decline in the 1950s. On October 9, 1960, two of the track's barns burned down. Many horses fled the barns and ran into neighboring yards and streets. By the 1970s the track had fallen upon hard times. Due to reduced public interest in thoroughbred racing, competition for racing dates with other New England tracks, and competition from greyhound racing and state lotteries for gambling dollars, attendance dropped and handles decreased rapidly. This led to an inability to attract high-quality horses. The physical condition of the track deteriorated as well. On Labor Day 1978, only 2,882 patrons paid to gain admittance. Two days later it was announced the track would close.
On September 2, 1977, The Beach Boys performed at Narragansett Park before an audience of 40,000, which remains the largest concert audience in Rhode Island history. In 2017, music historians Al Gomes and Connie Watrous of Big Noise were successful in getting the stretch of street where the concert stage stood (at 510 Narragansett Park Drive) renamed as 'Beach Boys Way.'
Closure
On June 29, 1979, the stockholders of Narragansett Park voted to sell the track to the City of Pawtucket for $5.6 million. The city used a grant from the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development to buy and improve the land, which they sold to developers below market value to stimulate employment and business investment.
On May 30, 1981, the clubhouse was destroyed by a suspicious fire. The only remaining part of the track is part of the grandstand wall, which was the location of the Narragansett Flea Market and later a Building 19 store.
Record holders
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10680827
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANT%20%28network%29
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ANT (network)
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ANT accommodates three types of messaging: broadcast, acknowledged, and burst. Broadcast is a one-way communication from one node to another (or many). The receiving node(s) transmit no acknowledgment, but the receiving node may still send messages back to the transmitting node. This technique is suited to sensor applications and is the most economical method of operation.
Acknowledged messaging confirms receipt of data packets. The transmitter is informed of success or failure, although there are no retransmissions. This technique is suited to control applications.
ANT can also be used for burst messaging; this is a multi-message transmission technique using the full data bandwidth and running to completion. The receiving node acknowledges receipt and informs of corrupted packets that the transmitter then re-sends. The packets are sequence numbered for traceability. This technique is suited to data block transfer where the integrity of the data is paramount.
Comparison to other protocols
ANT was designed for low-bit-rate and low-power sensor networks, in a manner conceptually similar to (but not compatible with) Bluetooth Low Energy. This is in contrast with normal Bluetooth, which was designed for relatively high-bit-rate applications such as streaming sound for low-power headsets.
ANT uses adaptive isochronous transmission to allow many ANT devices to communicate concurrently without interference from one another, unlike Bluetooth LE, which supports an unlimited number of nodes through scatternets and broadcasting between devices.
Interference immunity
Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and Zigbee employ direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) and Frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) schemes respectively to maintain the integrity of the wireless link.
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10680827
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANT%20%28network%29
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ANT (network)
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ANT uses an adaptive isochronous network technology to ensure coexistence with other ANT devices. This scheme provides the ability for each transmission to occur in an interference-free time slot within the defined frequency band. The radio transmits for less than 150 μs per message, allowing a single channel to be divided into hundreds of time slots. The ANT messaging period (the time between each node transmitting its data) determines how many time slots are available.
ANT+
ANT+, introduced in 2004 as "the first ultra low power wireless standard", is an interoperability function that can be added to the base ANT protocol. This standardization allows the networking of nearby ANT+ devices to facilitate the open collection and interpretation of sensor data. For example, ANT+ enabled fitness monitoring devices such as heart-rate monitors, pedometers, speed monitors, and weight scales can all work together to assemble and track performance metrics.
ANT+ is designed and maintained by the ANT+ Alliance, which is managed by ANT Wireless, a division of Dynastream Innovations, owned by Garmin. ANT+ is used in Garmin's line of fitness monitoring equipment. It is also used by Garmin's Chirp, a geocaching device, for logging and alerting nearby participants.
ANT+ devices require certification from the ANT+ Alliance to ensure compliance with standard device profiles. Each device profile has an icon which may be used to visually match interoperable devices sharing the same device profiles.
The ANT+ specification is publicly available. At DEF CON 2019, hacker Brad Dixon demonstrated a tool to modify ANT+ data transmitted through USB for cheating in virtual cycling.
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10680841
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20organisations%20designated%20as%20terrorist%20by%20Australia
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List of organisations designated as terrorist by Australia
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Designated terrorist organisations in Australia are organisations that have been designated by the Australian government as terrorist organisations. A list of terrorist organisations was first created under the Security Legislation Amendment (Terrorism) Act 2002, as part of the fight against terrorism worldwide.
History
The Security Legislation Amendment (Terrorism) Act 2002 was passed by the Australian Parliament, "enabling Australian governments to deal with organisations involved in terrorism", and inserted a range of terrorist organisation offences into the Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth). For example, the Act made it an offence to materially support or be supported by a listed terrorist organisation.
Oversight and monitoring
The list of designated terror organisations is maintained by the Attorney-General's Department. For listing as a terrorist organisation, an organisation may be found to be such by a court as part of a prosecution for a terrorist offence or the designation may be made by regulation upon the motion of the Attorney-General of Australia under Division 102 of the Criminal Code Act 1995. Listing, de-listing and re-listing follows a protocol that mainly involves the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation and the Attorney-General's Department. Such action in general is not made with reference to designations made or proposed by other countries or multinational organisations.
Under Division 103 of the Criminal Code Act 1995, it is illegal to finance terrorism. The Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre (AUSTRAC) monitors financial transactions involving listed terrorist organisations.
List of designated terrorist organisations
the Australian government lists 29 foreign organisations as terrorist organisations:
Hamas was listed in July 2014, but was removed from the list by January 2015. Hamas was reinstated in 2022.
The Base and the entirety of Hezbollah were added on 24 November 2021.
Terrorism financing laws
Australian anti-terrorism financing laws include:
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10680899
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October%201959%20Icelandic%20parliamentary%20election
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October 1959 Icelandic parliamentary election
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Early parliamentary elections were held in Iceland on 25 and 26 October 1959. Following the electoral reforms made after the June elections, the Independence Party won 16 of the 40 seats in the Lower House of the Althing.
Electoral reforms
The June 1959 elections had ended with both the Independence Party and the Progressive Party winning 13 seats, despite the IP receiving 42% of the vote to the PP's 27%. The electoral system at the time was rural–urban proportional representation: a lower tier comprised single member constituencies elected using first-past-the-post voting, two-member constituencies elected using party-list proportional representation (party-list PR) and one large multi-member constituency for Reykjavík that also used party-list PR, topped up by an upper tier of eleven seats chosen from a single national compensatory list.
The reforms saw the replacement of this rural-urban proportional system with a two-tier party-list PR system; the lower tier now comprised eight multi-member constituencies, all elected using party-list PR. Five constituencies elected five members each, two elected six members each and Reykjavík elected 12. The number of seats for Reykjavík was also increased from the prior elections, increasing the overall total in the Lower House from 35 to 40 and in the Upper House from 17 to 20.
The voters’ capacity to change the order of names on the PR lists was greatly reduced compared to prior elections as well; the existing Borda count-based system was now only being used to calculate one-third of the final number of votes deemed to have been received by each candidate, while the party’s unaltered ordering determined the remaining two-thirds.
Results
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10680960
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Redd%20Hutcheson
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John Redd Hutcheson
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John Redd Hutcheson (January 13, 1886 – January 23, 1962) was the ninth president of Virginia Tech.
Early life and education
Hutcheson was born to Robert Francis Hutcheson and Mary Claiborne Barksdale on January 13, 1886, near Charlotte Courthouse, Virginia. He earned a B.S. in 1907 and M.S. in 1909, both from Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (VPI; later Virginia Tech). He also received an honorary D.Sci degree from Clemson College in 1937 and D.Agric. from North Carolina State College in 1947. Hutcheson also attended field artillery officer training school during World War I.
Career
Hutcheson taught and served as principal in schools in Virginia and Mississippi and taught at the University of Virginia before joining VPI at the Virginia Agricultural Extension Service as a livestock specialist in 1914. He became its director in 1919, serving until his appointment as executive assistant to President Burruss in 1945.
After Burruss became ill, Hutcheson began acting on his behalf, until being officially appointed president on August 14, 1945. Shortly after he took over the presidency, Japan surrendered to end World War II, and a two-day celebration ensued. When the fall quarter began soon thereafter, enrollment nearly doubled that of the previous quarter. The veterans generally had no interest in joining the corps of cadets, and for the first time, during winter quarter 1946, civilians outnumbered cadets on campus.
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10680960
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Redd%20Hutcheson
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John Redd Hutcheson
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With this increase in the student population came a need for additional student housing. The college installed a trailer court for married students that they called "Vetsville" surrounding the historic Solitude farm house, which was converted into a community center for the residents. Two additional trailer courts that students called Cassell Heights after financial and business manager Stuart K. Cassell followed in the area east of present-day Cassell Coliseum. The college also rented space in the barracks at the Radford Arsenal to house other students and converted several buildings there into classrooms with the new location called "Rad-Tech."
In 1946, the Board of Visitors created a vice president position, filled by Walter S. Newman, to develop the curriculum. Hutcheson created an office of admissions to assist C. P. “Sally” Miles, dean of the college, with the thousands of applications for admission that poured into the school.
During Hutcheson's tenure, VPI added a Master of Science in applied mechanics, resumed activities including football and student organizations that had been dropped during World War II, and created an office of student affairs. The Board of Visitors approved the final plans for the alumni war memorial and mall leading to the memorial, now the iconic War Memorial Chapel and Alumni Mall. The school received the first invitation ever issued to a Virginia college team to play in a bowl game, the Sun Bowl on New Year's Day in 1947.
In December 1946, Hutcheson became ill, and in May 1947 Newman was named acting president. Although Hutcheson recovered, the Board voted on August 12 to relieve him of his presidential duties, appointed him as the first university chancellor, and named Newman president, effective September 1, 1947.
In 1948 Hutcheson became president of the newly established VPI Educational Foundation. He retired as chancellor in 1956 to devote full attention to the foundation, which he served until his death on January 23, 1962.
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10681031
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canford%20Magna
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Canford Magna
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Canford Magna is a village in the Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole district, in the ceremonial county of Dorset, England. The village is situated just south of the River Stour and lies between the towns of Wimborne Minster and Poole. The village was significantly developed by the Guest family of Canford Manor, featuring a mixture of thatch and brick buildings, now mostly serving as residences for teaching staff. The western edge of the village merges with the residential suburb of Merley and the village community of Oakley.
The village school was built in 1866 and now serves as the youth club for Canford and Merley.
History
Development under the Guests
The new buildings were started in 1866, beginning with a school and mortuary chapel. Lady Charlotte Guest, of Canford Manor, had become heavily involved in the estate and had commissioned the construction of three blocks of terraced cottages. These were built between 1870 and 1872, embellished with gables, ornamental chimneys, lattice windows, and large ornamental door hinges. These became widely known as Lady Wimborne Cottages.
Cornelia Guest, Daughter-in-law of Lady Charlotte, also shared an interest in the estate cottages, constructing more across the estate in Ashington, Merley and Poole. She also commissioned the thatcher, John Hicks, to add rustic porches of oak branches and twigs to the existing terraced cottages. Hick's work and the architecture of Canford Village were captured in a series of drawings by the artist Barbara Jones which appeared in an article of The Architectural Review in 1944.
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10681052
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar%20District
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Kandahar District
|
Kandahar District or Dand District is situated in the central part of Kandahar Province, Afghanistan, surrounding the city of Kandahar. It borders Panjwai District to the west, Arghandab District to the north, Shah Wali Kot District to the northeast and Daman District to the east and south. The population is 468,200 (2006). The district center is the city of Kandahar.
History
In March 2009, the Dand District Centre was destroyed by a suicide bombing by two Taliban insurgents. In December 2009 it was rebuilt by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Canadian civilian police of the Kandahar Provincial Reconstruction Team. The construction project was one of two major initiatives undertaken by the Canadians – the other was in Tahkta Pul (southeast of Kandahar city).
Situated just outside the former Taliban capital Kandahar city, Dand was strategically important as a staging post for Taliban attackers intent on regaining their former stronghold.
Education
The Dand district has 30 schools. Due to security concerns over half of the schools were closed down, but as of March 2011 all had reopened. Approximately 12,000 students attend the schools.
Governance
The Dand District Chief is Ahmadullah Nazook.
The number of national police in the district is 350.
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10681083
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dugald%20Bruce%20Lockhart
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Dugald Bruce Lockhart
|
Dugald Bruce Lockhart is an Anglo-Scottish stage and screen actor, director and writer.
Background and education
A member of the Bruce Lockhart family, Lockhart was born in Fiji in 1968, the son of James Robert Bruce Lockhart (1941–2018), a diplomat, spy, artist, and author, and Felicity A. Smith. His grandfather, J. M. Bruce Lockhart, was an intelligence officer. His great-grandfather, J. H. Bruce Lockhart, and his great-uncles Rab Bruce Lockhart and Logie Bruce Lockhart, were all public school headmasters who played rugby union for Scotland. Another forebear, Sir Robert Bruce Lockhart, was an author and adventurer. His late uncle Sandy Bruce-Lockhart, Baron Bruce-Lockhart, was a politician.
Dugald Bruce Lockhart was educated at Sedbergh School and the University of St Andrews, then trained for a career in acting at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art.
Career
Lockhart began as a stage actor, working with the Royal Shakespeare Company, the National Theatre and others. Since 1998, he has acted mostly with Propeller, an all-male theatre company of which he is now an associate director. He is also an associate of the Teatre Akadèmia Theatre Company in Barcelona and has directed Romeo and Juliet and As You Like It in Catalan, using new translations by Miquel Desclot. He teaches and directs at drama schools in London, including the Royal Central School of Speech and Drama, LAMDA, and the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts.
He played David Cameron in The Three Lions, a comedy written by William Gaminara, a role for which he was nominated as best actor by The Stage at the Edinburgh Festival of 2013. Lockhart returned to the role when the play was later staged at the St James Theatre, London, in 2015, and stayed with the production when it moved on to the Liverpool Playhouse.
He is the author of a handbook for actors called Heavy Pencil, and of a thriller, The Lizard, published in 2020.
Family
Lockhart is married to the actress Penelope Rawlins. They have a son called Mackenzie, born in May 2015.
| 1.960938
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10681093
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superbad%20%28website%29
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Superbad (website)
|
Superbad is a noted web art installation created by graphic designer Ben Benjamin in 1997.
Superbad.com received a 1999 Webby award in the "Weird" category, and was one of nine websites featured in the Whitney Museum Biennial in 2000. Superbad began as a test bed for Benjamin's web design for technology corporations; his clients ranged from E! Online to Nippon Telegraph and Telephone. The installation uses images from Japanese pop culture.
The website serves primarily as an artistic work that was produced using the tools and methods of web design. This genre of art is often referred to as web art.
The site consists of a veritable maze of inter-linked visual, conceptual "subprojects" ranging from two-tone and technical-looking to wacky, colorful, and even bizarre. Often a subproject will have clickable elements linked to other pages within that subproject, or to another, or that just provide visual richness (e.g., the "follow" subproject has a grid of circles with arrows that follow the mouse cursor; each circle is a link to a different page within the site). Some of the pages contain narrative elements. There are 143 different pages, with the main page serving as a hub to the subprojects. Clicking anywhere on the "bad" will link to somewhere within each subproject.
Time magazine cited "the very randomness of the electronic images" offered on the website that lures the viewer "deeper and deeper into its playful maze".
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10681107
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamaha%20%28Dakota%20scout%29
|
Tamaha (Dakota scout)
|
Tamaha (c. 1776–1864), also known as Standing Moose or "L'Orignal Levé," was one of two Mdewakanton Dakota scouts for the United States in the War of 1812, when most Sioux sided with the British. He was a member of Chief Red Wing's band and was presented with a medal and certificate by Governor William Clark of Missouri Territory for his loyalty to the U.S. The certificate was treasured by Tamaha, who called himself "the 'only' American Sioux," and can now be seen at the Minnesota History Center.
In 1805, 26-year-old explorer Zebulon Pike referred to Tamaha in his journal as "my friend" — a reference that has cemented Tamaha's legendary status and resulted in Tahama Spring in Colorado Springs being named after him.
Early years
Tamaha was born at Prairie à l'Aile (present-day Winona, Minnesota), and was originally part of Chief Wabasha's band.
There are many colorful stories about his youthful exploits. In Indian Heroes and Great Chieftains (1918), Charles Eastman portrays "Tamahay" as a young man with "heroic proportions, herculean in strength, a superb runner; in fact, he had all the physical qualities of an athlete or a typical Indian. In his scanty dress, he was beautiful as an antique statue in living bronze."
When Tamaha was seventeen years old, he had an accident that resulted in the loss of an eye. Most historical accounts refer to Tamaha as the "one-eyed Sioux"; French Canadians also called him "Le Borgne" (The "One-Eyed").
Eastman says that the injury was devastating to Tamaha, who then "sought glory and defied danger with even more than the ordinary Indian recklessness." On one occasion, young Tamaha and his best friend disguised themselves as Ojibwe warriors to flirt with Ojibwe girls. On another, he was hunting for buffalo when he was thrown off his pony and attacked by a bull. He quickly straddled the buffalo on its neck and held it by the horns, earning him the name "Held-the-Bull-by-the-Horns".
| 2.578125
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10681107
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamaha%20%28Dakota%20scout%29
|
Tamaha (Dakota scout)
|
According to Eastman, it was during his escapade running from the Ojibwe that Tamaha famously said to his friend, "I'll meet you at the mouth of the St. Croix River, or in the spirit land!"
Friendship with Zebulon Pike
In his journal entries on September 23 and 24, 1805, Lieutenant Zebulon Pike made repeated references to "Le Original Leve" — a corruption of the French name for Tamaha, "L'Orignal Levé." Pike later compiled a table of names, in which he indicated that "Le Orignal Levé" was also known as "Tahamie" and "Rising Moose."
On September 23, 1805, Pike conducted treaty negotiations with a group of Dakota to obtain land to build a military outpost. Pike wrote that seven Sioux "chiefs" attended the council he held that day, including "Le Original Leve," whom he lists as a "war chief." Historians have commented that not all of them were actual chiefs recognized by the Dakota. Pike himself notes that only two of the seven Sioux signed the land cession treaty (also known as Pike's Purchase), including Little Crow I and Penichon. They agreed to cede approximately 100,000 acres of land where the United States Department of War would later build Fort Snelling.
| 2.359375
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10681235
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Brandon%20Barringer
|
Paul Brandon Barringer
|
Paul Brandon Barringer (February 13, 1857 – January 9, 1941) was an American physician and college administrator, the sixth president of Virginia Tech, serving from September 1, 1907 through July 1, 1913. He was also chairman of the faculty at the University of Virginia (then equivalent to president) from 1895 through 1903. He made major changes to the medical curriculum at U.Va, adding requirements for clinical training, as was common in Europe.
Barringer gained national attention in 1900, when a talk he gave to a southern medical association was printed and distributed to other regional medical groups. It was entitled The American Negro: His Past and Future, and he explored what he described as "the Negro problem" in the South. At the time, prior to the Great Migration, African Americans made up the majority of population in numerous counties, and he advocated a practice of racial eugenics. In this period, southern states were passing laws to disenfranchise African Americans and exclude them from the political system, while passing Jim Crow laws and the one drop rule, which penalized persons of any known African ancestry. During Barringer's tenure as chairman of the faculty, U.Va., perceived by many Southerners as the region's flagship university, became a hotbed of eugenics teaching that continued under its first president Edwin Alderman who took over when the Jeffersonian system of faculty rule ended in 1904. Since its founding in 1819, U.Va traditionally was an academy for Virginia's planter class aristocracy whose interest in family lineage went hand in hand with the science of improving the human stock.
After resigning the VPI presidency, Barringer returned to Charlottesville and practiced medicine. He served the United States government for a few years during World War I by supervising public health in some mining towns. After the war he returned to his farm and medical practice.
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10681235
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Brandon%20Barringer
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Paul Brandon Barringer
|
Early life and education
Barringer was the son of Confederate General Rufus Clay Barringer and Eugenia (née Morrison) Barringer. He was named after his paternal grandfather, General Paul Barringer (1776-1835), a veteran of the War of 1812. His father was an attorney who became an officer in the Confederate Army during the Civil War. On the maternal side, Barringer was descended from Joseph Graham, one of the Revolutionary heroes of North Carolina. His maternal grandfather, Robert Hall Morrison, was a Presbyterian preacher and the first president of Davidson College.
Barringer was a nephew of Confederate Generals Stonewall Jackson and Daniel Harvey Hill who married his mother's sisters. He spent some of his childhood in Concord, North Carolina, near where his father had grown up. As an eight-year-old, the young Barringer beat Confederate States of America President Jefferson Davis in a game of chess in 1865. Davis had stopped with his family after fleeing Richmond, Virginia following the surrender of Robert E. Lee.
Barringer attended the Bingham School near Asheville, North Carolina, and the Kenmore University School in Amherst Courthouse, Virginia. He received his M.D. degree from the University of Virginia in 1877 and an M.D. from the University of the City of New York in 1878. Barringer later received an LL.D. from Davidson College in 1900 and an LL. D. from the University of South Carolina in 1904.
Career
Barringer practiced medicine in Dallas, North Carolina for three years before going to Europe to study under medical specialists there. From 1881 to 1884 he studied in clinics in London, Paris, and Vienna. On his return from Europe, he settled on a farm near Charlotte, North Carolina. He both practiced medicine and supervised the Piedmont farm. From 1884 to 1889, he also established and headed a medical preparatory school at Davidson College.
| 2.359375
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10681235
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Brandon%20Barringer
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Paul Brandon Barringer
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Barringer had likely learned, long before this time, that as a young man his father had sired two mixed-race sons with an enslaved black woman, Thomas Clay and Warren Clay Coleman (b. 1849), before his parents' marriage and before he was born. His half-brother Warren Clay Coleman was ambitious and had established several businesses in Concord, North Carolina, likely with some financial assistance by his father. By 1900 Coleman is thought to have been the wealthiest man of color in North Carolina, and possibly in the country. He was a founder of the first textile mill to be owned and operated by African Americans.
Barringer was professor of therapeutics and pharmacology at UVA from 1903 to 1907, when he accepted the presidency at Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (V.P.I., now Virginia Tech) at age 50.
During Barringer's administration at V.P.I., entrance requirements were increased; a Farmer's Winter Course was established; summer school was expanded; and Agricultural Hall (now known as Price Hall) was completed. Barringer's tenure as president was marred by disagreements with faculty and alumni as well as the Governor of Virginia over the direction of V.P.I. Barringer, a gentleman farmer, was determined to develop the agricultural facet of the college until it achieved parity with the engineering component, which angered some faculty members and alumni who believed the institution needed to emphasize training for the emerging industrial society.
In 1909, the Chairman of the Alumni Association Welfare Committee, Lawrence Priddy, tried unsuccessfully to have Barringer ousted by the Board of Visitors. The Board ordered an investigation. A public hearing was held 25 March 1910, during which Priddy's charges were dismissed as "unwarranted" and "inaccurate."
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10681235
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Brandon%20Barringer
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Paul Brandon Barringer
|
However, this was not the end of Barringer's troubles at V.P.I. In the fall of 1911, the Board called for another investigation when a former Commandant of the Corps of Cadets accused Barringer of "countenancing immorality" on campus. An investigation concluded that the charges were "without foundation."
Having survived those troubles, Barringer ran afoul of the Governor, William Hodges Mann, who wanted V.P.I to become involved in agricultural extension work, to be sponsored by the federal government, which was trying to encourage modern agricultural practices. Barringer disagreed, so Mann said he would appoint a Board of Visitors that was opposed to Barringer if the president did not resign. On 10 June 1912, Barringer tendered his resignation; the Board asked him to continue in office for another year until a new president could be selected. A year after Barringer's departure from V.P.I., the Smith–Lever Act of 1914 established a system of cooperative extension services, connected to the land-grant universities authorized by Congress.
After leaving V.P.I., Barringer returned to Charlottesville and practiced medicine. He had a few years of government service during World War I, when he supervised public health measures in American coal mining areas. Efforts to increase production as part of the war effort resulted in related interest in improving public health at those sites.
Barringer died in Charlottesville on January 9, 1941, at age 83. He is buried in the University of Virginia Cemetery.
Personal life
Barringer married Nannie Hannah in 1882, and the couple had 10 children.
Written works
Barringer's history of the University of Virginia: University of Virginia : its history, influence, equipment and characteristics, with biographical sketches and portraits of founders, benefactors, officers and alumni (1904) is considered one of the standard texts on the subject.
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10681235
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Brandon%20Barringer
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Paul Brandon Barringer
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Legacy and honors
By the turn of the 21st century eugenic ideas were no longer considered politically correct and were being widely rejected as pseudoscience. This has significantly harmed the reputation of Barringer and other 20th century eugenicists whose ideas were once considered scientific and progressive.
The Barringer Wing at the UVA Medical Center West Complex of the University of Virginia Health System, a hospital he was instrumental in founding, was named in honor of Dr. Barringer. In 2019, it was renamed the Collins Wing, following an outcry over Barringer's support of eugenics.
Barringer Hall, a residence hall on the Virginia Tech campus that houses 220 male students was named for Barringer for more than half a century. In 2020 the Virginia Tech Board of Visitors voted to rename the building due to Barringer's early 20th century speeches and writings that expressed white supremacist views.
His home in Charlottesville, Virginia, the Barringer Mansion, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
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10681241
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Dupuy%20Eggleston
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Joseph Dupuy Eggleston
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Joseph Dupuy Eggleston II (November 13, 1867 – March 15, 1953) was an American educator, the seventh president of Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (now Virginia Tech), and the 14th president of Hampden-Sydney College. Eggleston also served as a public school teacher and administrator and as the chief of the Division of Rural Education for the United States Bureau of Education.
Early life
Eggleston was born to Dr. Joseph Eggleston and Ann Carrington on November 13, 1867, in Prince Edward County, Virginia. He attended Prince Edward Academy and then Hampden-Sydney College in Hampden-Sydney, Virginia, where he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1886 and later a Master's Degree.
Career
Public school career
From 1886 until 1889, Eggleston served as a public school teacher in Virginia, Georgia, and North Carolina. He taught high school in Asheville, North Carolina, until 1893 when he became superintendent of the public schools in Asheville. He continued in this position until 1900. Two years later Eggleston was appointed as the editor and secretary of the Bureau of Information and Publicity of the Southern Education Board at the University of Tennessee. In this position, he was "charged with studying education conditions with the goal of improving social, economic, and cultural circumstances in the South by improving the quality of education throughout the region." In 1903, Eggleston returned to Prince Edward County to serve as the superintendent of schools until he became the first elected State Superintendent of Virginia public schools, a position he held from 1906 until 1912. Eggleston then briefly served as chief of the Division of Rural Education in the U.S. Bureau of Education from January to July 1913 before accepting the presidency of Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute.
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10681241
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Dupuy%20Eggleston
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Joseph Dupuy Eggleston
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The Work of the Rural School
In 1913, Eggleston published The Work of the Rural School. The book is an in-depth study (with images) of rural schools in the United States. Eggleston, throughout the book, discusses what rural schools were like at the time, as well as proposed changes needed. Eggleston used many of his own experiences as a guide in writing the book; for example, Chapter XIV is entitled, "The State Superintendent of Public Instruction," and is an in depth study into the position and how it operates (pulling from his own experiences as state superintendent of Virginia).
President of Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute
Eggleston served as president of Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (now known as Virginia Tech) from 1913 until his resignation in 1919. He served as president during World War I when a Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) unit was established at the school, and the school "became a national training center for war." In an attempt to help the war effort, Eggleston "offered the services of the university's extension service to the Federal Food Commission, to promote food production and conservation."
President of Hampden-Sydney College
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10681241
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Dupuy%20Eggleston
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Joseph Dupuy Eggleston
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Legacy
Eggleston dedicated his entire life to education. In fact, volume 24, issue seven of American Education, which hosts a picture of Eggleston along with his name and position as president of Hampden-Sydney on its cover, notes that, "[e]ducation as a life work strongly appealed to Dr. Eggleston even in his youth." Only two years into his presidency at Hampden-Sydney College, it was noted that he was, "widely and favorably known as an expert in school affairs, and his services [were] constantly in demand in educational gatherings." While Eggleston was state superintendent of public education in Virginia, he revolutionized the state education system, making it an organized system. In fact, Eggleston left the public school system in Virginia "thoroughly co-ordinated, with better school buildings, longer terms, more efficient teachers, increased salaries, more school libraries, with abundant high schools in every section . . . . [T]he result he left [was] a thoroughly developed school system." This theme of innovation in education continued through his terms as president of Virginia Tech and of Hampden-Sydney. Eggleston's life was one devoted to education and the improvement of its instruction.
Honors
In 1952, a three-winged residence hall constructed by the Federal Works Agency between 1935 and 1940 at Virginia Tech was named for Eggleston.
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10681265
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud%20Dowlatabadi
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Mahmoud Dowlatabadi
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Mahmoud Dowlatabadi (; born August 1, 1940 in Dowlatabad, Sabzevar) is an Iranian writer and actor, known for his promotion of social and artistic freedom in contemporary Iran and his realist depictions of rural life, drawn from personal experience.
In 2020, he wrote and recited a work called Soldier (Half-Burned boots) for the Art of Peace global project, composed and arranged by Mehran Alirezaei. He has collaborated with this project.
Biography
Mahmoud Dowlatabadi was born into a family of shoemakers in Dowlatabad, a remote village in Sabzevar, the northwestern part of Khorasan Province, Iran. He worked as a farmhand and attended Mas'ud Salman Elementary School. Books were a revelation to the young boy. He "read all the romances [available]... around the village". He "read on the roof of the house with a lamp…read War and Peace that way" while living in Tehran. Though his father had little formal education, he introduced Dowlatabadi to the Persian classical poets, Saadi Shirazi, Hafez, and Ferdowsi. His father generally spoke in the language of the great poets.
Nahid Mozaffari, who edited a PEN anthology of Iranian literature, said that Dowlatabadi "has an incredible memory of folklore, which probably came from his days as an actor or from his origins, as somebody who didn't have a formal education, who learned things by memorizing the local poetry and hearing the local stories."
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10681272
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20McLaren%20McBryde
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John McLaren McBryde
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During McBryde's 16-year tenure as President of Virginia Agriculture and Mechanical College, the college expanded greatly. McByrde expanded the curriculum to include seven bachelor's degrees in Agriculture, Horticulture, Applied Chemistry, General Science, Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Electrical Engineering and founded a graduate department in 1891. The new curriculum no longer reflected the name of the college and in 1896 the Virginia General Assembly changed the college's name to Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute, shortened in popular usage to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and then to VPI. The new name also brought new colors, which still stand as Chicago maroon and burnt orange, a school motto, Ut Prosim (That I May Serve), and a new college yell which prompted the nickname Hokies. During his tenure, V.P.I.'s first native-limestone-clad, neo-Gothic-style building, known as "The Chapel", was constructed on the site where Newman Library stands today. McByrde's legacy caused him to be known as the "Father of the Modern VPI". In the late 1800s McBryde persuaded the Board of Visitors to build the 15,147-square-foot Southern Colonial Revival mansion now known as "The Grove" to house the V.P.I. president, and became the first president to live in the house upon its completion in 1902. In 1907 upon retirement, McByrde was named first "President Emeritus" of Virginia Tech and also received Virginia Tech's first honorary degree (Doctor of Science). He died at age 82 on March 20, 1923, in New Orleans, Louisiana.
Honors
McBryde Hall, a large classroom building on the Virginia Tech Campus is named for McBryde. The Modernist structure, replaced an earlier building known as McBryde Hall, built in 1917 in the Collegiate Gothic style to replace the Preston and Olin Building, then known as the VPI shop building, that had burned to the ground in 1914. Old McByrde hall was razed in the late 1960s and the current building was completed in 1972.
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10681275
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal%20scuttle
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Coal scuttle
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A coal scuttle, sometimes spelled coalscuttle and also called a hod, "coal bucket", or "coal pail", is a bucket-like container for holding a small, intermediate supply of coal convenient to an indoor coal-fired stove or heater.
Description
Coal scuttles are usually made of metal and shaped as a vertical cylinder or truncated cone, with the open top slanted for pouring coal on a fire. It may have one or two handles. Homes that do not use coal sometimes use a coal scuttle decoratively.
Origin
The word scuttle comes, via Middle English and Old English, from the Latin word scutulla, meaning "serving platter". An alternative name, hod, derives from the Old French hotte, meaning basket to carry on the back', apparently from Frankish *hotta or some other Germanic source (compare Middle High German hotze 'cradle')", and is also used in reference to boxes used to carry bricks or other construction materials.
Infamous use
In 1917, the Swedish serial killer Hilda Nilsson used a coal scuttle, a large bucket, and a washboard to drown children that she had been hired to care for.
The infamous German Stahlhelm, or Steel Helmet, is sometimes referred to in English-language publications as the "Coal Scuttle" helmet, due to its shape resembling that of a coal scuttle.
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10681285
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20States%20men%27s%20national%20rugby%20sevens%20team
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United States men's national rugby sevens team
|
The United States national rugby sevens team competes in international rugby sevens competitions. The national sevens team is organized by USA Rugby, and was led by Head Coach Mike Friday from 2014-2024, when he resigned and was replaced by Simon Amor.
The main competition the team plays in every year is the World Rugby Sevens Series, a series of ten tournaments played around the globe from December to June that includes the USA Sevens tournament every spring. The Eagles have been a core team in the World Series and finished in the top twelve each season since 2008–09. The Eagles' best season in the Sevens Series has been a second-place finish in the 2018–19 Series. The best result in a single Sevens tournament was first place, which they have accomplished three times — winning the 2015 London Sevens and the 2018 and 2019 USA Sevens.
The team also participates in major tournaments every four years, such as the Summer Olympics, the Rugby World Cup Sevens, and the Pan American Games. Their best finishes in quadrennial events include finishing ninth at the 2016 Olympics, finishing sixth at the 2018 Rugby World Cup Sevens, and winning bronze medals at the 2011, 2015 and 2019 Pan American Games.
The United States had traditionally used the sevens team to prepare players for the XV-side. Since January 2012, due to increased attention generated by rugby's return to the Olympics in 2016, the national sevens team has turned professional, with the team extending paid full-time contracts to its players. The national sevens team has drawn a number of crossover athletes from other sports, the most prominent examples being Perry Baker (American football) and Carlin Isles (track). The U.S. also sometimes fields a developmental team, the USA Falcons, in several tournaments.
History
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10681317
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kat%20DeLuna
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Kat DeLuna
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Early life
DeLuna was born and raised in the Bronx, New York City, to Dominican parents. At a young age, DeLuna and her family moved to the Dominican Republic. Deluna has American and Dominican citizenship, and identifies as a "Dominican". When she was 12, DeLuna performed onstage and was heard by Milly Quezada who commended her vocals. Friends and family recognized her talent at an early age, but it was not until she moved back to the United States at age 14, to Newark, New Jersey, that DeLuna realized her potential as a singer. She attended Benjamin Franklin Elementary in Newark, and was taught by Nicholas Straus. DeLuna then attended the Newark Arts High School, which was the only school she applied to. While there, DeLuna and her friends formed an R&B group called Coquette. DeLuna had a tough upbringing and was raised in poverty. She spent her time listening to Aretha Franklin and Billie Holiday records, which she imitated daily on her karaoke machine.
At age 15, DeLuna entered a Coca-Cola sponsored karaoke competition. Her version of "I Will Always Love You" took first place. It was through this competition that she met Cuban salsa singer Rey Ruiz. Ruiz gave DeLuna this advice: "Nobody knows you better than you do, and nobody can help you if you can't help yourself." DeLuna began writing her own music and has continued to do so. In 2004, while DeLuna was 17, Coquette opened for a Cassidy concert in New Jersey. In 2006, DeLuna chose to pursue a solo career and was signed by Epic Records.
Career
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10681331
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bour-Davis
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Bour-Davis
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The Bour-Davis was an American automobile manufactured from 1916 until 1922. The car took its name from two of the founders of the company; Robert C Davis and Charles J Bour. Production of the car was started in Detroit, before moving to Frankfort, Indiana in 1917. In 1918, the automobile's manufacturing rights were acquired by the Louisiana Motor Car Company and production was moved to Cedar Grove, Louisiana. A distinctive feature of the Model 17 and Model 18B cars built in Detroit and Frankfort was the slightly slanted and pointed radiator. Prices ranged from $1250 to $1500 in 1916, rising to $1650 in 1919.
Bour-Davis had been purchased by the brothers and production moved from Detroit to Frankfort.
In 1917 the company was taken over by the Shadburne Brothers of Chicago, who reorganised the company, with production now located in Frankfort, Indiana. They announced that they would also be producing cars to their own designs but there is doubt if this ever happened. Bour-Davis was sold again to the Louisiana Motor Car Company and moved to Shreveport, Louisiana where production continued until 1923.
The Louisiana Motor Company placed heavy emphasis on the Bour-Davis's new home, with the car being referred to as the "Pride of Shreveport". A contest was held amongst readers of the "Shreveport Times" for a new name for the car. Although the name "Louisianne" was chosen, this name was never adopted. Features of the Bour-Davis included a radiator placed slightly ahead of the front axle, and the continuation of the leather front seat over the seat's top and down to the rear floor.
The Model 21 and Model 21S were powered by a Continental Straight-6 engine, with prices ranging from $1700 for a 1920 Model 20 tourer, up to $2300 for a 1922 Model 21S tourer.
In 1923 the company was taken over by JM Ponder and the Ponder Motor Manufacturing Company, but lack of finance lead to production never occurring. Total production of the Bour-Davis between 1916 and 1922 was approximately 1500 cars.
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10681392
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%20Railway%20Museum
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China Railway Museum
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The China Railway Museum () is a Chinese museum preserving locomotives that have operated on the railways of the People's Republic of China. The museum offers a total exhibition space of 16500m2 and 8 exhibition tracks.
The museum is located in Chaoyang District of Beijing City, some 15 km northeast of downtown Beijing, inside the circular test track that is part of the China National Railway Test Centre. It also has a branch in downtown Beijing, in the former Zhengyangmen East Railway Station near Tian'anmen Square.
History
The China Railway Museum has its origins in the 1950s when the Ministry of Railways (MOR) created a temporary exhibit for the Economic Achievements Exhibition in Beijing. This exhibition, which was held by the National Economic Development Committee, celebrated the 10th anniversary of the establishment of the People's Republic of China.
The MOR then founded the Central Technical Library in 1958 to promote scientific and technological advancements and support the growth of the Chinese railway industry. This institution subsequently became the MOR Exhibition Group, then the MOR Exhibition Department, and finally the MOR Science and Technology Museum.
On 2 November 2002, the MOR Science and Technology Museum's locomotive exhibition hall was opened to the public and was officially renamed the China Railway Museum on 1 September 2003.
The museum expanded further in October 2009 when the Beijing Railway Museum was integrated into the China Railway Museum.
Downtown branch
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10681451
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Dillon%2C%2010th%20Viscount%20Dillon
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Charles Dillon, 10th Viscount Dillon
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Charles Dillon, 10th Viscount Dillon (1701–1741) fought in the War of the Polish Succession for France under Berwick as colonel-proprietor of Dillon's Regiment at the Siege of Kehl in 1733 and the Siege of Philippsburg in 1734. After the armistice, he married, moved to Ireland, and succeeded his cousin Richard as the 10th Viscount Dillon.
Birth and origins
Charles was born in 1701, most likely at the Jacobite court at the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, in France. He was the eldest of the five sons of Arthur Dillon and his wife Christina Sheldon. His father was born in 1670 in Ireland, fought for the Jacobites in the Williamite War and had gone to France as the colonel of Dillon's Regiment with the Irish Brigade in April 1690 when Irish troops were sent to France in exchange for French troops sent to Ireland with Lauzun. His father was a younger son of the 7th Viscount Dillon. His father's family was Old English Irish and descended from Sir Henry Dillon who came to Ireland with Prince John in 1185.
Charles's mother's first name is given as Christina or as Christiana. She was a daughter of Ralph Sheldon. Dominic Sheldon, the English Catholic Jacobite, was her uncle. She was a maid of honour to Queen Mary of Modena, wife of James II. Both parents were thus Jacobites and Catholics. Charles had four brothers and three sisters, who are listed in his father's article.
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10681451
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Dillon%2C%2010th%20Viscount%20Dillon
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Charles Dillon, 10th Viscount Dillon
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Early life and career
While Charles was a child, he lived with his mother at the Jacobite court at the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye where James II of England died on 16 September 1701 N.S.,
the year of Charles's birth. James II was succeeded by James Francis Edward, whom Louis XIV immediately recognised as the rightful heir to the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland. Dillon's Regiment, led by Charles's father, fought for France in the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714). Louis XIV made Charles's father lieutenant-general in 1706 and comte de Dillon in 1711. However, in 1713 France signed the Peace of Utrecht, recognising the Hanoverian succession and ending its support for the Jacobites. James Francis Edward had to leave France and went to the Duchy of Lorraine, then to Avignon, and finally to Italy. His mother, the dowager queen Mary of Modena, however, stayed behind at Saint-Germain-en-Laye where she died in 1718.
On 13 January 1714 Charles's uncle Henry, the 8th Viscount Dillon, died in Ireland.
This uncle had been attainted as Jacobite in 1690 but had been pardoned and had obtained the reversal of the attainder in 1693. He was succeeded by his son Richard as the 9th Viscount Dillon, to whom Charles would succeed later as the 10th Viscount.
On 10 November 1718, Charles was made a captain in the regiment. In 1722 James Francis Edward Stuart (the old pretender), who now resided in Rome, created his father Earl of Dillon.
In 1730 his father retired from active service and on 1 May 1730 Charles became colonel of Dillon's Regiment. On 5 February 1733 N.S., Charles's father died at the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye. Charles, already colonel, now also succeeded in his father's titles: 2nd Earl of Dillon in the Jacobite peerage and comte de Dillon in France.
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10681477
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satoo%2C%20Edmonton
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Satoo, Edmonton
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Satoo is a residential neighbourhood in the Mill Woods area of the City of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Satoo is one of three neighbourhoods in the Mill Woods community of Knottwood.
It is bounded on the north by 23 Avenue, on the south by Anthony Henday Drive, on the west by 91 Street, and on the east by 80 Street and Mill Woods Road West.
Satoo is named for a Cree chief, Satoo. Between 1876 and 1891, the Papachase Indian reserve was located in the Mill Woods area.
Demographics
In the City of Edmonton's 2012 municipal census, Satoo had a population of living in dwellings, a -2.8% change from its 2009 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of people/km2 in 2012.
Residential development
The neighbourhood is popular with young families, with roughly three out of ten residents in the neighbourhood being under the age of 20. Just under one in ten residents is over the age of 65, the age traditionally considered retirement age.
According to the 2005 Municipal Census, approximately three out of four residences were single-family dwelling with the remainder being a mixture of duplexes and row houses. Most residences were built during the 1970s. Roughly four out of every five private dwellings are owner-occupied with the remainder being rented. The average number of persons per household is 3.1.
kisêwâtisiwin Junior High School and Satoo Elementary School, both operated by the Edmonton Public School System are located in Satoo.
Surrounding neighbourhoods
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10681528
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollokshields%20railway%20station
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Pollokshields railway station
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Pollokshields railway station was a railway station in Pollokshields, a district of Glasgow, Scotland. The station was originally part of the Glasgow and Paisley Joint Railway. It was opened in 1840 and amalgamated into the neighbouring Shields Road station in 1925.
History
Sources published in the late 20th century claim that Pollokshields station opened on 14 July 1840.
Contemporary 19th century sources would suggest however that both Pollokshields station and Shields Road station were created as part of the general reorganisation of rail links between Paisley and Glasgow in the 1870s, in preparation for the opening of St Enoch station and Glasgow Central station. The adjacent Shields station was developed around the time that the Paisley Canal Line opened in 1885.
Pollokshields station amalgamated with Shields Road station and Shields station on 1 April 1925, creating a larger Shields Road station. This combined station was located within the complex of lines forming Shields Junction. In 2007, part of the platforms where the City of Glasgow Union Railway and the Glasgow and Paisley Joint Railway crossed over the former General Terminus and Glasgow Harbour Railway are still visible.
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10681537
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade%20Knowledge%20Network
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Trade Knowledge Network
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The Trade Knowledge Network (TKN) is the collaboration of research institutions in developed and developing countries located in Africa, Asia, Europe and the Americas. The Trade Knowledge Network is aimed at building long-term capacity to address issues of trade and sustainable development in developing country research institutions, non-governmental organizations and governments through increased awareness, knowledge and understanding of the issues. The Trade Knowledge Network is not to be confused with the Trade Knowledge Exchange (TKE), a network of 6 organisations providing expert analysis on the key issues around the post-Brexit trade environment in the UK and globally.
Objective
TKN is composed of research and policy institutions in Africa, Asia, Europe, North and South America that are exploring the connection between trade and sustainable development and working to ensure that increased international trade can contribute to sustainable development in their countries and regions. The goal of the Trade Knowledge Network is to foster long-term capacity to address the complex issues of trade and sustainable development in partner-country research institutions, governments and the wider policy community, including business, academia, and environment and development NGOs.
The Trade Knowledge Network has four inter-related objectives to achieve this goal:
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10681572
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C5%8Dga
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Yōga
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Since that time, Yōga and Nihonga have been the two main divisions of modern Japanese painting. This division is reflected in education, the mounting of exhibitions, and the identification of artists. However, in many cases Nihonga artists also adopted realistic Western painting techniques, such as perspective and shading. Because of this tendency to synthesize, although Nihonga forms a distinct category within the Japanese annual Nitten exhibitions, in recent years, it has become increasingly difficult to draw a distinct separation in either techniques or materials between Nihonga and Yōga.
Declining of Yōga
During the Pacific War, Yōga’s oil painters used the Western style for highlighting the Japanese War effort. In the post-war, Yōga was perceived as a conservative style linked to the Japanese establishment of the prewar.
Characteristics
Yōga has been defined by using the medium and format of the European tradition, such as oils on canvas, watercolors, pastels, and pencil on paper. However, Yōga artists were criticized abroad for lack of authenticity and originality. As an answer to these critics, between the 1920s and 1930s, Yōga painters adopted materials associated with Nihonga and premodern painting traditions for Western topics. Reclining Nude with Toile de Jouy by Foujita Tsuguharu (1886–1968) was an example of this trend. Tsuguharu combined oils with materials proper to Nihonga for the nude.
Yōga in its broadest sense encompasses oil painting, watercolors, pastels, ink sketches, lithography, etching and other techniques developed in western culture. However, in a more limited sense, Yōga is sometimes used specifically to refer to oil painting.
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10681623
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kildalton%20Cross
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Kildalton Cross
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The Kildalton Cross is a monolithic high cross in Celtic cross form in the churchyard of the former parish church of Kildalton (from Scottish Gaelic Cill Daltain, "Church of the Foster Son" (i.e. St John the Evangelist) on the island of Islay in the Inner Hebrides, Scotland. It was carved probably in the second half of the 8th century AD, and is closely related to crosses of similar date on Iona. It is often considered the finest surviving Celtic cross in Scotland, and is certainly one of the most perfect monuments of its date to survive in western Europe. The cross and the adjacent roofless medieval parish church are in the care of Historic Environment Scotland (access at all times) and are jointly a scheduled ancient monument. A simpler cross of late medieval date stands nearby.
Ornament
The Kildalton Cross features an iconic image of the Virgin and Child, which is closely related to similar Virgin and Child iconography found on St. Martin's Cross and St. Oran's Cross at Iona. In addition, this panel displays similarities with folio 7v in the Book of Kells. This type of iconography of the Virgin and Child may be related to contemporary Marian iconography in the Mediterranean, specifically the Maria Regina which was used in Rome to refute iconoclasm.
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10681636
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glimmen
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Glimmen
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Glimmen is a village in the northeastern Netherlands. It is located in the municipality of Groningen, about 10 kilometres from the city. It had a population of around 1,342 in 2021. The river Drentsche Aa flows past the village, nearby the Huis te Glimmen (House in Glimmen), a stately home on the site.
The Appèlbergen is a forest to the east of the village. Through this wood leads an old Roman road, known as the Hereweg (from 'Heir-weg' or "army road").
History
The village was first mentioned in the 12th century as "in Glemmene". Officially the etymology is unknown, however the current Dutch words translates as "gleaming/sparkling". Glimmen is an esdorp which developed in the Early Middle Ages on the Hondsrug between Groningen and Assen. The village never became an independent parish.
Huis te Glimmen is a manor house surrounded by a moat. Parts of the estate are from the 16th century. It probably received its current form in 1824, and a large park was added to the estate which was later named Quintusbos after the 1881 owner. The building is still a privately owned residential home.
Huize Weltevreden was built in 1828 as an inn. In 1828, it was rebuilt in neoclassic style as an estate. Since 1865, it serves as a retirement home.
Glimmen was home to 213 people in 1840. In May 1943, 34 strikers were executed and buried in Appèlbergen. They went on strike because it was announced that 300,000 former Dutch soldiers were to become prisoners of war. On 3 May 1943, 60 strikers were arrested in the northern provinces and executed. In late 1945, 19 bodies were discovered. Despite repeated search attempts, the remaining bodies have not been located yet. On 3 May 2004, a memorial was placed.
After World War II, it became a suburb of Groningen. In 1949, a Reformed Church was built, and Glimmen was awarded village status. In 1966, the remnants of two Neolithic hunebedden (dolmen) were discovered near Glimmen. Many of the stones were missing, however a large collection of artefacts, flints and pottery was discovered.
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10681712
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Dillon%2C%204th%20Viscount%20Dillon
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Thomas Dillon, 4th Viscount Dillon
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Thomas Dillon, 4th Viscount Dillon PC (Ire) (March 1615 – 1673) held his title for 42 years that saw Strafford's administration, the Irish Rebellion of 1641, the Irish Confederate Wars and the Cromwellian Conquest of Ireland. He was a royalist and supported Strafford and Ormond. He sided with the Confederates for a while but was a moderate who opposed Rinuccini, the papal nuncio.
Lord Dillon fled the field at the Battle of Dungan's Hill (1647) and did not rescue Ormond at the Battle of Rathmines (1649). However, he defended Athlone successfully against Ireton in 1650.
Birth and origins
Thomas was born in March 1615 in Ireland. He was the second son of Christopher Dillon and his wife Jane Dillon. His father was the eldest son and heir apparent of Theobald Dillon, 1st Viscount Dillon. Christopher predeceased his father and therefore never succeeded as viscount. He was a member of the landed gentry and known as Christopher Dillon of Ballylaghan in County Mayo.
Thomas's mother was the eldest daughter of James Dillon, 1st Earl of Roscommon. His father's and his mother's family were branches of the same widespread Old English family, established in Ireland in 1185 when Sir Henry Dillon accompanied Prince John to Ireland. His parents married in 1604 and had seven sons and five daughters.
| 2.25
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10681712
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Dillon%2C%204th%20Viscount%20Dillon
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Thomas Dillon, 4th Viscount Dillon
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Irish wars
In October 1641 the Irish Rebellion broke out. In February 1642, the Irish Parliament sent Lord Dillon and his brother-in-law Lord Taaffe to England to submit grievances to Charles I. However, they were intercepted at Ware by order of the English House of Commons. They escaped a few months later and met the King at York. Upon Lord Dillon's return to Ireland, he was promoted Lieutenant-General.
On 15 September 1643 the Cessation, a ceasefire for one year was signed between the royalists and the Confederation. This cessation was renewed in September 1644.
In 1644 Lord Dillon was appointed joint President of Connaught together with Henry Wilmot, 2nd Viscount Wilmot, who had inherited his half of the presidency from his father, Charles Wilmot, 1st Viscount Wilmot in April 1644. Dillon replaced Roger Jones, 1st Viscount Ranelagh, who had died in 1643.
With the arrival of the papal nuncio, Giovanni Battista Rinuccini, in Ireland on 21 October 1645 Lord Dillon's Protestant religion caused him problems. He decided to convert back to Catholicism and on 6 December 1646 Lord Dillon was received back into the Roman Catholic Church by the Nuncio at St Mary's Church, Kilkenny. He had left Athlone under the command of Captain MacGawly, who betrayed him and handed the town over to Owen Roe O'Neill. After his conversion, the Confederate Council ordered O'Neill to give the town back to Lord Dillon, but O'Neill refused.
In August 1647, the Confederate Leinster army under Thomas Preston was severely beaten in the Battle of Dungan's Hill by Parliamentarian troops under Michael Jones. On this occasion Lord Dillon commanded the Confederate cavalry, which fled in the early stages of the battle.
Lord Dillon is mentioned several times in the Peace Treaty of 17 January 1649 between the Irish Confederates and Ormond, acting for Charles I, as "Thomas lord viscount Dillon of Costologh" (i.e. Costello-Gallen)". John Milton called him an "archrebel". He was one of the 12 commissioners of trust.
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10681748
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No.%2071%20Squadron%20RAF
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No. 71 Squadron RAF
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At the start of the Second World War before the US entered the war, there were a large number of American volunteers offering their services. No. 71 was formed at RAF Church Fenton on 19 September 1940 as the first of the Eagle Squadrons with Brewster Buffalos. Appraisal by Royal Air Force acceptance personnel criticised the Brewster Buffalo on numerous points, including lack of armament and pilot armour, poor high-altitude performance, engine overheating, unreliability and cockpit controls, while it was praised for its handling, roomy cockpit and visibility.
The Buffaloes were deemed unsuitable for European conditions and Hawker Hurricanes replaced them from November 1940. The squadron became operational at RAF Kirton-in-Lindsey on 5 February 1941 and moved in April to RAF Martlesham Heath in Suffolk for operations over Europe. During May, it suffered its first loss when Mike Kolendorski was killed during a fighter sweep over the Netherlands. The intensity of operations stepped up with a move to No. 11 Group of Fighter Command, being based at RAF North Weald in Essex by June. On 2 July, William I. Hall became the first Eagle Squadron pilot to become a prisoner of war (POW) when he was shot down during an escort mission. The squadron's first confirmed victory came on 21 July during a bomber escort mission, when Pilot Officer William R. Dunn destroyed a Messerschmitt Bf 109F over Lille.
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10681794
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt%20Armory
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Colt Armory
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The Colt Armory is a historic factory complex for the manufacture of firearms, created by Samuel Colt. It is located in Hartford, Connecticut along the Connecticut River, and as of 2008 is part of the Coltsville Historic District, named a National Historic Landmark District. It is slated to become part of Coltsville National Historical Park, now undergoing planning by the National Park Service.
History
The armory was built on a site beginning in 1855. Low-lying, often flooded meadows were set off from the river by a dike and drained. The dike and earliest armory buildings were completed in 1855, and Colt's mansion Armsmear was constructed the following year on a hill overlooking the armory.
Shortly afterwards Colt added 20 six/eight-family houses (10 of which survive) on Huyshope and Van Block Avenues for skilled workers. Colt's 1855 East Armory was almost totally destroyed by a disastrous fire in 1864; only two small outbuildings remain of this original construction (the Forge and the Foundry). The West Armory (built 1861) was demolished before World War II.
After the 1864 fire, the East Armory was rebuilt on its predecessor's foundation, to designs by General William B. Franklin, the company's general manager and a former U.S. Army engineer, and completed in 1867. It is a 5-story brick structure with brownstone accents, in dimensions, with its main entrance in the center of a five-bay pavilion projecting from the main facade. The building is capped with a distinctive onion-shaped, sheet metal dome, painted deep blue with gold stars, and resembling that of the 1855 armory. A gilded ball sits atop the dome, above which is a gilded fiberglass replica of the original "Rampant Colt". (Its gilded wood original is now on display at the Museum of Connecticut History at Connecticut State Library.)
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10681794
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt%20Armory
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Colt Armory
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Four Porter-Allen steam engines drove the armory's machine tools through a maze of shafts and belts. Mark Twain, who lived in the nearby Mark Twain House, visited Colt's armory in 1868 and described it thus: "It comprises a great range of tall brick buildings, and on every floor is a dense wilderness of strange iron machines… a tangled forest of rods, bars, pulleys, wheels, and all the imaginable and unimaginable forms of mechanism… It must have required more brains to invent all those things than would serve to stock 50 Senates like ours."
Today the factory complex includes: the Forge Shop and the Foundry (from the original 1855 factory); the East Armory with its distinctive blue onion dome, rebuilt in 1867; the South and North Armories (1921), the Machine Shop, Warehouse, Power Plant, and Garage, built in 1916 to accommodate World War I production; and the World War II Office Building (1942). The state of Connecticut has been trying to place the complex under the administration of the National Park Service as a National Historical Park, similar to designation granted the Lowell National Historical Park, another important site in the history of American industrialism.
In 1994, Colt's Manufacturing Company vacated the Hartford complex amid financial difficulties, consolidating operations at a West Hartford, CT location opened in the 1960s. A former tenant in the East Armory, U.S. Fire Arms Manufacturing Company, originally manufactured replicas of historic Colt pistols, before diversifying and discontinuing the replicas in 2011.
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10681812
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5th%20Rifle%20Division%20%28Soviet%20Union%29
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5th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)
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The 5th Rifle Division was an infantry division of the Soviet Union's Red Army, formed twice. The division was formed in 1918, initially as the 2nd Penza Infantry Division. After becoming the 5th Rifle Division a month later, it fought in the Counteroffensive of Eastern Front in spring 1919 and later operations in Siberia. In the spring of 1920, the division was relocated west and fought in the Polish–Soviet War, participating in the Battle of Warsaw. The division was awarded the Honorary Revolutionary Red Banner for its actions during the wars in 1929. In September 1939, it fought in the Soviet invasion of Poland and was then sent to Lithuania under the Soviet–Lithuanian Mutual Assistance Treaty. After Operation Barbarossa, the division fought in the Baltic Operation and the Leningrad Strategic Defensive. During the winter of 1941-1942, it participated in the Battle of Moscow, fighting in the Kalinin (Tver) area. During the summer of 1942, the division fought in the Rzhev-Vyazma Offensive and became the 44th Guards Rifle Division for its actions there on 5 October.
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10681813
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft%20laser%20desorption
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Soft laser desorption
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Soft laser desorption (SLD) is laser desorption of large molecules that results in ionization without fragmentation. "Soft" in the context of ion formation means forming ions without breaking chemical bonds. "Hard" ionization is the formation of ions with the breaking of bonds and the formation of fragment ions.
Background
The term "soft laser desorption" has not been widely used by the mass spectrometry community, which in most cases uses matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) to indicate soft laser desorption ionization that is aided by a separate matrix compound. The term soft laser desorption was used most notably by the Nobel Foundation in public information released in conjunction with the 2002 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Koichi Tanaka was awarded 1/4 of the prize for his use of a mixture of cobalt nanoparticles and glycerol in what he called the “ultra fine metal plus liquid matrix method” of laser desorption ionization. With this approach, he was able to demonstrate the soft ionization of proteins. The MALDI technique was demonstrated (and the name coined) in 1985 by Michael Karas, Doris Bachmann, and Franz Hillenkamp, but ionization of proteins by MALDI was not reported until 1988, immediately after Tanaka's results were reported.
Some have argued that Karas and Hillenkamp were more deserving of the Nobel Prize than Tanaka because their crystalline matrix method is much more widely used than Tanaka's liquid matrix. Countering this argument is the fact that Tanaka was the first to use a 337 nm nitrogen laser while Karas and Hillenkamp were using a 266 nm Nd:YAG laser. The "modern" MALDI approach came into being several years after the first soft laser desorption of proteins was demonstrated.
The term soft laser desorption is now used to refer to MALDI as well as "matrix free" methods for laser desorption ionization with minimal fragmentation.
Variants
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10681897
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrox%20railway%20station
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Ibrox railway station
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Ibrox railway station was a railway station in Ibrox, a district of Glasgow, Scotland. The station was originally part of the Glasgow and Paisley Joint Railway.
History
The station opened on 6 November 1843 and was known as Bellahouston. Bellahouston had a short life and was closed in 1845. However, the station was reopened and renamed Ibrox on 1 March 1871. Ibrox station was closed to passengers on 6 February 1967.
Reopening
In 2008, the Rangers Supporters' Trust issued a statement calling for the station to be reopened. The suggestion was met with a lack of interest from officials, the public and the media, because Ibrox Stadium is already well served by public transport in the form of bus routes and the subway. The calls were made after it had been announced that public transport was to be improved in the East End of Glasgow, including the Celtic Park area, in time for the 2014 Commonwealth Games.
As of 2024 the Glasgow Subway's Broomloan Depot has taken over much of the track bed from the former site of Govan railway station, while the track bed between former Govan and Ibrox stations is now used as a test track and storage facility for subway rolling stock.
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10682043
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeast%20megalopolis
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Northeast megalopolis
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The Northeast megalopolis, also known as the Northeast Corridor, Acela Corridor, Boston–Washington corridor, BosWash, or BosNYWash, is the most populous megalopolis exclusively within the United States, with slightly over 50 million residents as of 2022. It is the world's largest megalopolis by economic output.
Located primarily on the Atlantic Coast in the Northeastern United States, the Northeast megalopolis extends from the northern suburbs of Boston to Washington, D.C., running roughly southwesterly along a section of U.S. Route 1, Interstate 95, and the Northeast Corridor train line. It is sometimes defined more broadly to include other urban regions, including the Richmond and Hampton Roads regions to the south; Portland, Maine, and Manchester, New Hampshire, to the north; and Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, to the west.
The region includes many of the nation's most populated metropolitan areas, including those of New York City, Philadelphia, Washington, D.C., Boston and Baltimore. As of 2020, it contained more than 50 million people, about 17% of the U.S. population on less than 2% of the nation's land area, with a population density of about 1,000 people per square mile (390 people/km2), far more than the U.S. average of 80.5 per square mile (31 people/km2). At least one projection estimates the area will grow to 58.1 million people by 2025.
French geographer Jean Gottmann popularized the term "megalopolis" in his 1961 study of the region, Megalopolis: The Urbanized Northeastern Seaboard of the United States. Gottmann concluded that the region's cities, while discrete and independent, are uniquely tied to each other through the intermeshing of their suburban zones, taking on some characteristics of a single, massive city: a megalopolis, a term he co-opted from an ancient Greek town of the same name that named itself out of aspirations to become the largest Greek city.
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10682043
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeast%20megalopolis
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Northeast megalopolis
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Region
The Northeast megalopolis includes many of the financial and political centers of influence in the United States, including the national capital of Washington, D.C., and all or part of 12 states (from north to south): Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, West Virginia, and Virginia. The region is linked by Interstate 95 and U.S. Route 1, which start in Miami and Key West, Florida, respectively, in the south, and terminate in Maine at the U.S.-Canadian border. It is also linked by the Northeast Corridor train line, the country's busiest passenger rail line, serving Amtrak and several commuter rail agencies.
As of 2019, the region is home to 52.3 million people, and its metropolitan statistical areas are contiguous from Washington, D.C., in the south to Boston in the north. The region is not uniformly populated between the terminal cities, and there are regions nominally within the corridor yet located away from the main transit lines that have been bypassed by urbanization, such as the Quiet Corner in Connecticut.
The region accounts for over 20% of the U.S. gross domestic product. It is home to two of the world's largest stock exchanges, the New York Stock Exchange and Nasdaq, and the headquarters of the United Nations in New York City, and the executive, legislative, and judicial centers of the U.S. federal government, the White House, the U.S. Capitol, and the U.S. Supreme Court in Washington, D.C. The region also is home to the headquarters of most of the nation's and some of the world's largest media organizations, including ABC, NBC, CBS, NPR, PBS, Fox, Comcast, The New York Times Company, USA Today, New York Post, The Wall Street Journal, Newsday, The Washington Post, and The Boston Globe.
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Northeast megalopolis
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The global headquarters of many major financial firms, including JPMorgan Chase, Citigroup, Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Capital One, The Vanguard Group, and Fidelity, are located in the region. Among the world's 500 largest companies, 54 are based in the Northeast megalopolis. Among the 500 largest U.S.-based companies, 162 are headquartered in the region. The region is the center of the global hedge fund industry, which is heavily based in New York City and the suburban Connecticut cities of Greenwich and Stamford.
The Northeast megalopolis is home to hundreds of colleges and universities, including several that rank among the world's most elite universities, including Harvard and MIT, both in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Brown in Providence, Rhode Island, Yale in New Haven, Connecticut, Columbia in New York City, Princeton in Princeton, New Jersey, the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Johns Hopkins in Baltimore, and Georgetown in Washington, D.C.
Population
Economy
Total GDP of Northeast megalopolis is $5.6 trillion of which around $2.3 trillion is New York metropolitan area. If Northeast megalopolis was a sovereign nation (2023), it would rank in terms of nominal GDP as the world's third largest economy, ahead of Germany ($4.7 trillion).
History
Due to its proximity to Europe, the Eastern coast of the United States was among the first regions of the continent to be widely settled by Europeans. Over time, the cities and towns founded on the East Coast had the advantage of age over most other parts of the U.S. However, it was the Northeast in particular that developed most rapidly, owing to a number of fortuitous circumstances.
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Northeast megalopolis
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While possessing neither particularly rich soil—one exception being New England's Connecticut River Valley—nor exceptional mineral wealth, the region still supports some agriculture and mining. The climate is temperate and not particularly prone to hurricanes or tropical storms, which increase further south. However, the most important factor was the "interpenetration of land and sea," which makes for exceptional harbors, such as those at the Chesapeake Bay, the Port of New York and New Jersey, Narragansett Bay in Providence, Rhode Island, and Boston Harbor. The coastline to the north is rocky and little sheltered, whereas to the south it is smooth and does not feature as many bays or inlets that might function as natural harbors. Also featured are navigable rivers that lead deeper into the heartlands, such as the Hudson, Delaware, and Connecticut rivers, which all support large populations and were necessary to early settlers for development. Therefore, while other parts of the country exceeded the region in raw resource value, they were not as easily accessible, and often, access to them necessarily had to pass through the Northeast first.
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Modern history
The Northeast played a significant role in the foundation of the United States during the late colonial era and in the American Revolutionary War. Pre-revolutionary events like the Gaspee affair, the Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party, and the First Continental Congress all occurred in the region. In 1775, the Battles of Lexington and Concord, the first major battle of the Revolution, occurred in Massachusetts a few miles away from Boston. Many of the most significant battles took place in the region, including the Battle of Bunker Hill, the Battle of Monmouth, the Battle of Trenton, the Battle of Princeton, as well as several significant military campaigns such as the Philadelphia Campaign, the New York and New Jersey Campaign, the Boston Campaign, and the Yorktown Campaign. The surrender of the British occurred in the south end of the megalopolis after the Siege of Yorktown in 1781. Other significant events that occurred during the Revolution at this time in the region include the Second Continental Congress, the creation of the Articles of Confederation, the signing of the Declaration of Independence, and the Constitutional Convention.
During the Civil War, while most of the region did not experience fighting, there were many significant battles in the southern end of the region, particularly in Virginia. Major battles such as the Battle of Gettysburg, the Battle of Antietam, the Battles of Bull Run, the Battle of Fredericksburg, the Battle of Chancellorsville, and the Battles of Petersburg all occurred in the region. Additionally, Richmond acted as the capital of the Confederacy.
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Northeast megalopolis
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By 1800, the region included the only three U.S. cities with populations of over 25,000: Philadelphia, New York City, and Baltimore. By 1850, New York City and Philadelphia alone had over 300,000 residents while Baltimore, Boston, Brooklyn (at that time a separate city from New York), Cincinnati, and New Orleans had over 100,000: five were within one 400-mile strip while the last two were each four hundred miles away from the next closest metropolis. The immense concentration of people in one relatively densely packed area gave that region considerable sway through population density over the rest of the nation, which was solidified in 1800 when Washington, D.C., only 38 miles southwest of Baltimore, was made the nation's capital. According to Gottmann, capital cities "will tend to create for and around the seats of power a certain kind of built environment, singularly endowed, for instance, with monumentality, stressing status and ritual, a trait that will increase with duration." The transportation and telecommunications infrastructure that the capital city mandated also spilled over into the rest of the strip.
Additionally, the proximity to Europe, as well as the prominence of Ellis Island as an immigrant processing center, made New York City and cities nearby a "landing wharf for European immigrants," who represented an ever replenished supply of diversity of thought and determined workers. By contrast, the other major source of trans-oceanic immigrants was China, which was farther from the U.S. West Coast than Europe was from the East, and whose ethnicity made them targets of racial discrimination, creating barriers to their seamless integration into American society. By 1950, the region held over one-fifth of the total U.S. population, with a density nearly 15 times that of the national average.
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The region has been home to the richest city in the nation for over 200 years: Hartford, Connecticut held the title from the pre–Civil War industrial era until about 1929, and New York City has held it since. Loudoun and Fairfax County, Virginia are the wealthiest counties in the country, and Connecticut's Gold Coast has one of the highest population densities of families worth over $30 million USD.
Concept
The concept of megalopolises originated with Jean Gottmann, a French geographer who wrote Megalopolis, a book whose central theory was that the cities between Washington, D.C., and Boston together form a sort of cohesive, integrated "supercity." He took the term megalopolis from a small Greek town that was settled in the Classical Era with the hope it would "become the largest of the Greek cities". The city still exists today, but is largely a sleepy agricultural community. However, the dream of the city's founders, Gottmann argued, was being realized in the Northeastern U.S. in the 1960s with the ascent of the region to global political, academic, and economic prominence.
Gottmann defined two criteria for a group of cities to be a true megalopolis: "polynuclear structure" and "manifold concentration"—that is, the presence of multiple urban nuclei, which exist independently of each other yet are integrated in a special way relative to sites outside their area.
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On the other hand, while the major cities of the Northeast megalopolis all are distinct, independent cities, they are closely linked by transportation and telecommunications. Neil Gustafson showed in 1961 that the vast majority of phone calls originating in the region terminate elsewhere in the region, and it is only a minority that are routed to elsewhere in the United States or abroad. In 2010 automobiles carried 80% of Boston-Washington corridor travel; intercity buses 8–9%; Amtrak 6%; and airlines 5%. Business ventures unique to the region have sprung up that capitalize on the interconnectedness of the megalopolis, such as airline shuttle services that operate short flights between Boston and New York City and New York City and Washington, D.C. that leave every half-hour, Amtrak's Acela Express high-speed rail service from Washington to Boston, and the Chinatown bus lines, which offer economy transportation between the cities' Chinatowns and elsewhere. Other bus lines operating in the megalopolitan area owned by national or international corporations have also appeared, such as BoltBus and Megabus. These ventures indicate not only the dual "independent nuclei"/"interlinked system" nature of the megalopolis, but also a broad public understanding of and capitalization on the concept.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theobald%20Dillon%2C%201st%20Viscount%20Dillon
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Theobald Dillon, 1st Viscount Dillon
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Theobald Dillon, 1st Viscount Dillon (died 1624), was an Irish military commander and adventurer. He held extensive lands in eastern Connacht and north-western Leinster, some acquired by sharp practices. He was a loyal supporter of Elizabeth I of England in her Irish wars.
Birth and origins
Theobald was probably born at Ballynakill, the habitual home of his father and grandfather. He was the third son of Thomas Dillon and his wife Margery Dillon of Kilmore, also called Mary. His father was the eldest son of his grandfather James Dillon, nicknamed the Prior, because he took care of several monastic properties at the dissolution of the monasteries. His father's side of the family descended from Lord Dillon of Drumraney, County Westmeath. Theobald's mother was a daughter of Christopher Dillon of Kilmore. His father's family like his mother's family were branches of the same widespread Old English family that descends from Sir Henry Dillon who came to Ireland with Prince John in 1185.
In 1559 Theobald commanded an independent force.
Marriage and children
Theobald Dillon married Eleanor Tuite. So far the sources agree. However, she is either the widow or the daughter of William Tuite according to sources.
Theobald and Eleanor had 19 children, eight sons:
Christopher (died 28 February 1624), the eldest, married the eldest daughter of James Dillon, 1st Earl of Roscommon and became the father of the 2nd Viscount and the 4th Viscount
Lucas (1579–1656), ancestor of the 7th and later viscounts
William, denominated of Tolchan
Thomas, denominated of Brackloon
Edward, became a Franciscan friar
George, also became a Franciscan friar
John, became an officer in the army and died unmarried
James (c. 1600 – in or after 1669), the 8th and youngest son, who became an army officer
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranfield%20Institute
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Cranfield Institute
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The Cranfield Institute for Safety, Risk, and Reliability, commonly referred as The Cranfield Institute, is a part of Cranfield University in Cranfield, Bedfordshire, England, UK. It is primarily a teaching and research facility, but also offers safety-related consultancy to businesses.
Facilities
The Cranfield Institute has several simulators designed for risk and hazard assessment and research. They have two aircraft cabin simulators (the Large Cabin Evacuation Simulator and Boeing 737 Cabin Simulator). They also have a driving simulator and the Cranfield Impact Centre Laboratories, which provides both static and dynamic impact testing.
Cranfield and the aviation industry
Following the Kegworth Air Disaster the United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) commissioned the Cranfield Institute to research a best brace position for passengers in an air crash. This research was conducted by the Cranfield Impact Centre Laboratories using both their impact sled and computer modelling.
Cranfield also conducted research on behalf of the CAA after the Manchester Air Disaster to assess why so many passengers were unable to make it to the emergency exits safely. This research prompted changes to cabin layouts in the UK, including making overwing exits more accessible in an emergency by improving seat layout, forcing the installation of emergency floor lighting to assist in a smoke-filled cabin and widening of bulkhead passageways to prevent bottle-necking of evacuating passengers.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican%20Party%20of%20Liberty
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Republican Party of Liberty
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The Republican Party of Liberty (, PRL) was a centre-right to right-wing French political party founded after the Liberation of France on 22 December 1945 by Joseph Laniel, André Mutter, Édouard Frédéric-Dupont and Jules Ramarony. It was the only significant right-wing conservative political party in the late 1940s. Key elements in this program were enacted, including the exclusion of the Communist Party from power, closer relations with the United States, and amnesty for Marshal Philippe Pétain's supporters. It was absorbed by the National Centre of Independents and Peasants (CNI) in 1951.
The PRL's aim was to unite French conservatives, who had been totally discredited in 1944 due to the numbers of Vichy collaborators in their ranks, and the role they played during the interwar period. Bernard Frank mocked "this right which suddenly discovered in itself a love for the Republic and liberty." The PRL's tentative approach failed, most conservative leaders trying to conserve their autonomy or to recreate parties of the Third Republic such as the Democratic Alliance, the Republican Federation or the Republican Social Party of French Reconciliation (Parti républicain social de la réconciliation française).
The PRL campaigned for a "no" vote in the May 1946 referendum on the Constitution. It obtained 38 seats in the November 1946 legislative elections. The party was presided over by Michel Clemenceau (son of Georges), who obtained 60 votes out of 883 during the 1947 presidential election — under the Fourth Republic, the President was elected by members of the two chambers of Parliament, not by universal suffrage.
The PRL then obtained 11 Senators in the indirect elections for the Council of the Republic of 1948. After numerous internal dissensions, the PRL merged into the CNI in 1951, while some members joined the Gaullist Rally of the French People.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gideon%20%28play%29
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Gideon (play)
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Gideon, a play by Paddy Chayefsky, is a seriocomic treatment of the story of Gideon, a judge in the Old Testament. The play had a successful Broadway run in 1961 and was broadcast on NBC in 1971 as a Hallmark Hall of Fame special.
The story
Chayefsky drew from three chapters in the Book of Judges in writing this play, which explores the relationship of an ordinary man to God.
"The Angel of the Lord" appears before Gideon and drafts him to perform one of God's miracles. Gideon is to save his people from idolatry by winning an impossible battle in which 300 Israelites will defeat 120,000 Midianites.
In the second act, which a Time magazine review described as the weaker of the play's two acts, Gideon asks to be released from his "covenant of love" with God. Gideon ignores God's order to kill some idolatrous Hebrew tribal chiefs, one of whom has a daughter who performs a seductive dance.
Gideon tells God, "You are too vast a concept for me." Gideon explains that his pity for fellow humans is above God's law. The Lord acknowledges that man wants to be "a proper god. You know, he might some day."
The cast
In the original Broadway version, Gideon was played by Douglas Campbell and Fredric March played "The Angel of the Lord." In the television adaptation, Peter Ustinov played Gideon and José Ferrer played "The Angel of the Lord."
The Time reviewer described Campbell's portrayal of Gideon in the 1961 production as "a simple-minded oaf one minute and a Judaic Henry V the next." TV Guide noted that Ustinov played Gideon as "a lumbering Hebrew" in the NBC adaptation.
Reception
Gideon was a critical success. A highly positive review appeared in the Chicago Tribune, where it was written that Chayefsky "has a knack for looking into the lives and personalities of common people and finding humor, pathos and even greatness." John J. O'Connor conversely stated, "Neither very deep nor especially sweeping, 'Gideon' is a modest achievement, but its very modesty can be charming."
Television adaptation
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidya%20Bharati
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Vidya Bharati
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Organisation
By the early 1990s, the network had grown to 5,000 schools and by 2003, to about 14,000 schools with 17 lakh (1.7 million) pupils. This expansion was facilitated by the growing demand for education in India and the disaffection with the state school system. As of March 2002, it had 17,396 schools, 22 lakh (2.2 million) students, over 93,000 teachers, 15 teacher training colleges, 12 degree colleges, and 7 vocational and training institutions. As of 2019, there were 12,828 formal schools and 11,353 informal schools. In 2019, the formal schools had a total strength of more than 34 lakh (3.4 million) students.
Most of the Vidya Bharati schools are affiliated with the Central Board for Secondary Education or their local State Boards. Vidya Bharati-run educational programs were adopted in Madhya Pradesh as an alternate model of education when BJP was in power.
In addition to formal schools (which go by a variety of names such as Adarsh Vidhya Mandir, , , , etc.), Vidya Bharati also runs sanskar kendras (cultural schools) and single-teacher schools for cultural education. It controls over 250 intermediate colleges and about 25 institutions of higher education and training colleges.
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Vidya Bharati
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Ideology and objectives
Dinanath Batra, former General Secretary of Vidya Bharati, said that they were fighting an "ideological battle against Macaulay, Marx, and Madrasawadis". In comparison to which Vidya Bharati advocates "Indianisation, nationalisation and spiritualisation" of education. In the areas of study that are peripheral to the core curriculum, like physical education, music, and cultural education, the institution worked out its curriculum.
Cultural education
In addition to the prescribed curriculum, the Vidya Bharati schools teach five extra subjects: moral education, which includes stories of heroes, songs, honesty, and personal hygiene, physical education, which includes learning to wield a stick, martial arts and yoga, music, Sanskrit and Vedic mathematics. Girls are given kanya bharati sessions where they discuss real-world problems, especially "women-centric" sensitive issues, and learn how to deal with them. They are trained to become strong leaders idolizing Jhansi Rani Lakshmibai, Ahilyabai Holkar, Rudramadevi, and other successful women in various fields like Kalpana Chawla, Kiran Bedi, Indra Nooyi etc.
In the morning assembly, the children are taught to pray and sing songs steeped in Sanskrit and the spirit of patriotism. Assemblies and stage performances organized at Hindu festivals also serve to convey the Deshbhakti ideology. The virtual absence of non-Hindu children in the schools leads to a collective sense of Hindu identity. In the words of a Vidya Bharati commentator "dedication to the motherland with a deep Bharatiya spirit inculcates in the child the will to change his character [and] adjust his nature and program to fulfill the nation's will and necessity."
The schools also use the students as conduits for spreading the RSS concept of education.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulbroka
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Ulbroka
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Ulbroka is a village in Stopiņi Parish, Ropaži Municipality in the Vidzeme region of Latvia. It is the administrative center of Stopiņi Parish and municipality. The village is crossed by two first category roads Rīga-Ērgļi (P4) and Rīga-Ogre (P5).
In 2000 Ulbroka had 2,701 inhabitants, rising to 3,102 in 2021.
Etymology
The name Ulbroka comes from the burgomaster of Riga Hinrich von Ulenbrock II in the second half of the 16th century. Von Ulenbrock built the Ulbroka manor.
Geography
The village is located in the Central Latvian lowlands, near Riga. The river flowing through Ulbroka - Piķurga was artificially expanded, creating the Lake of Ulbroka, once excavated as a large pond of manor, and then a mill lake. The Dauguļupīte stream flows into Piķurga in the north of the village.
The average temperature is -6 °C in January and + 17 °C in July. Precipitation drops 700 mm per year.
Economy
The largest company registered in Ulbroka in terms of turnover in 2020 was the manufacturer of wooden packaging SIA "Kronus".
Next to Ulbroka is a medium-wave radio station.
The Riga city buses (Nr. 51) run to Ulbroka.
Images
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanavasi%20Kalyan%20Ashram
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Vanavasi Kalyan Ashram
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Vanavasi Kalyan Ashram (lit. Tribal Welfare Monastery) is an Indian social welfare organization based in Jashpur, in the Chhattisgarh state of India. It focuses on the welfare activities of members of Scheduled Tribes in remote areas of India. The organization is a constituent of the Sangh Parivar, the family of organisations affiliated with the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, (RSS).
History
The Kalyan Ashram was founded in 1952 by Ramakant Keshav Deshpande (also known as Balasaheb Deshpande), an ex-official of the Madhya Prasdesh State Department of Tribal Welfare, with the support of the State Government and the RSS. After Independence, Balasaheb was appointed by the then Ravi Shankar Shukla Government to work in tribal-dominated Jashpur area as ‘Regional Officer’ of the ‘Tribal Development Scheme’. Its aim was to counter the appeal of Christian missionary schools to the tribals. Based in Jashpur (214 km from Raigarh), it established schools in Raigarh and Surguja districts - areas with large tribal populations. The Ashram grew rapidly and a permanent office was established in 1963, inaugurated by the RSS chief M. S. Golwalkar.
In 1977, it acquired national status (expressed in its new name, Bhāratiya Vanavāsi Kalyān Āshram). From 1978 to 1983, the number of its full-time volunteers rose from 44 to 264 (56 of whom were tribal). In Jashpur, a hospital was established, and schools, hotels, and centers for an apprenticeship in manual trades were also established in 40 villages. The programs are presently located in 312 districts throughout the country and are supervised by more than a thousand full-time workers. While most districts have primary schools, many other places have residential schools, hostels, libraries, and health centers. Important annual events include establishing medical camps, playing traditional sports, and celebrating tribal festivals.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aimachi
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Aimachi
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In May 2014, the Aimachi Band performed at Winter Guard International Championships in Dayton, Ohio, as a WGI Winds exhibition group. On April 17, 2016, Aimachi won the WGI Winds International World Division with a show entitled "Ascension," becoming the first group from outside of the U.S. to win any division at WGI Finals since its inception in 1977.
History
Introduction
From its beginnings as a small jazz band called the Merry Young Man Band, the Aimachi Band has become one of the best-known marching bands around the world. The Band's founder was Sekine Kiyokazu, who continues in the role of director to this day.
The foundations from where the Band developed from are closely tied to the introduction of the Tenri religion to the Nagoya area by Sekine Kiyokazu's father, Sekine Toyomatsu. The elder Sekine moved to Tokoname outside of Nagoya in 1923 to visit families in the area that were interested in the Tenri religion. In 1926, he moved into Nagoya and began holding services in a small rented house. In 1930, as the church began to grow, he moved into another small house on the grounds of what is now the main Aimachi Church in Nagoya.
Sekine Kiyokazu Early Years
On January 23, 1943, Sekine Kiyokazu was born in Nagoya. Sekine was exposed to music at a very young age. His father was a strong proponent of introducing traditional Japanese music into the Tenri church services. His father also really enjoyed attending kabuki performances, and his mother's family was involved in building traditional Japanese instruments used in the performances. So music was all around the young Kiyokazu from the very beginning.
As an elementary school student, Sekine's music teacher, Mr. Watanabe, taught him singing and how to play the xylophone. Influenced by one of his friends who played marimba, Sekine later attended an after school program, taught by Suiho Yoshikawa, that specialized in teaching students to play the marimba.
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Aimachi
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In 1952, at the age of nine, Sekine entered a xylophone contest that was broadcast live on a local radio station. His third-place finish in the contest encouraged him to continue his study of music. One of the experiences that made a strong impression on Sekine was a display by the local fire department. In addition to a dazzling water demonstration by the fireman, they also had a band that performed and started to make Sekine think that he would like to lead a band someday.
Aimachi Band Beginnings
The Aimachi Band came into existence at a time following World War II that Japanese culture was greatly influenced by the presence of American military bases throughout the country. All things American, whether it be sports (baseball, which had first been introduced to Japan in 1872, had a surge of popularity following the war), movies or music, became very popular throughout Japan. American military bases all had radio stations broadcasting music such as jazz, American popular music, and band music.
Following World War II, the Tenri religion in Nagoya quickly grew in membership, and in 1955, the present day Aimachi Church was built. In addition to religious services, the Church began to offer a variety of clubs for activities such as singing, karate and other sports. In 1962, as a 19-year-old Aichi University student studying law, Sekine Kiyokatsu became the director of all of these activities for the Aimachi Church. It was at this time that Sekine formed the Merry Young Man Band, a small combo that played jazz and popular music. The name arose from one of the beliefs of the Church that being happy, or merry, is a very important aspect of a person's life.
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Aimachi
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The success of the Merry Young Man Band led Mr. Sekine to want to organize a concert band. After talking to Aimachi Church members about it, they donated enough money for Sekine to purchase 15 instruments. The only problem was that he didn’t have anyone who could play these concert band instruments. About the same time, he met Mr. Nagasaka who had played in the band at Meiden High School in Nagoya, and who wished to continue playing, but he didn’t have his own instrument or a group to play in. Mr. Nagasaka told Mr. Sekine that he had 14 friends who were graduates of Meiden High School that also wanted to play in a band.
So these 15 Meiden High School graduates, none of whom belonged to the Tenri religion, started coming to the Aimachi Church to play in a band conducted by Mr. Sekine. When this band performed, it would sometimes be known as the Meiden High School Alumni Band and at other times as the Aimachi Church band.
As the band progressed over the next year, most of the Meiden High School alumni continued to play and Aimachi Church members started to join. By October 1963, the band purchased its first set of uniforms for the group that included 13 Meiden alumni and six Aimachi Church members as well as baton twirlers. The Meiden alumni began giving music lessons to many of the young members of the Aimachi Church as more and more church members joined the Band. The Band was soon involved in marching in local parades in addition to the concert performances.
International Influences
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Aimachi
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An important moment in the development of the Aimachi Band came in 1970, when the Tenrikyo Young Men's Association invited the Band to perform at an event in Tokyo at the Nippon Budokan, a famous arena that was built to host the judo competition at the 1964 Summer Olympics events but has also hosted numerous other events such as indoor marching events and rock concerts, including those by groups such as the Beatles, Pearl Jam, Ozzy Osbourne, the Doobie Brothers and Journey. For this performance, the Aimachi Band designed its first field show using Japanese popular music and traditional block formations. The success of this performance led to discussions with Mr. Harada to organize, in March 1972, a marching band association for the bands in the midsection of the country, which was part of the All Japan Marching Band Association (in 1979, the name was changed to the All Japan Marching Band and Baton Twirling Association). For the next few years, the Aimachi Band would perform in Nagoya at events hosted by this Association in a non-competitive festival format, along with other bands from the area.
Before the development of this Marching Band Association, the All Japan Band Association, which focused on concert bands, was already well established throughout the country. At that time, many of the concert bands avoided including marching activities into their programs due to a fear that it would be detrimental to the quality of the sound of their bands. Mr. Sekine introduced Mr. Harada, who was a member of the All Japan Band Association, to many of the band directors in the central part of Japan and helped to overcome these fears.
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Aimachi
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Many Japanese band directors had resisted becoming involved in the marching activity due to space constraints at their schools, but larger obstacles were their lack of knowledge about it, a fear that it would be harmful to the quality of sound of their concert bands and that it was not part of the Japanese tradition up to that point. Mr. Harada was a key figure in helping to overcome these concerns, and the variety of international influences eventually led to a great deal of interest in marching bands and drum corps.
In 1973, the All Japan Marching Band and Baton Twirling Association held its first national event at the Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium, which had been built in 1954 for the World Wrestling Championship and was later used for gymnastic events at the 1964 Summer Olympics. The Aimachi Band appeared at this event, which at this time also used a non-competitive festival format. The Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium remained the site of this event until 1977, when it moved to the Nippon Budokan, where it remained for over 20 years.
In August 1974, the Band traveled to Hawaii to perform at the Tenrikyo Hawaii Convention held by the Tenrikyo Hawaii Young Men's Association. Due to the importance placed on their performance by the leaders of the Tenri Church, the Band scheduled a great deal more rehearsal time than they had for earlier events, and the playing level dramatically improved.
The divisions of the All Japan Marching Band and Baton Twirling Association included those for kindergartens, elementary schools, high schools and the open class that Aimachi participated in. The format of the event gradually evolved until the top two bands and baton corps in each division from each of three regions of the country (North, Midsection and South) met in Tokyo for an exhibition performance.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aimachi
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Aimachi
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A major change for the Aimachi Band occurred in 1975, when Mr. Sekine married Hatsume and relocated to Handa City. When he arrived there, he had to build the Tenri Church membership starting with a very small group and very limited facilities. This made it infeasible for him to continue working with the Aimachi Band, at that time still located at the Aimachi Church in Nagoya, and he stepped down as Director. Once a site had been selected for the new church buildings in Handa City, he had to help cut down the trees and clear the land to make it possible to start construction. Finally, in 1981, the new Aikiyo Church opened in its current location. The Sekine family grew with the births of four children, Kazue, Tatsuo, Yoshie, and Kiyotaka.
A new director of the Aimachi Band was selected by Mr. Sekine and for the next few years the Band continued along as it had before. In 1982, Mr. Sekine returned as Director and was assisted by Mr. Narita in building the quality of the Band. Sekine then started going to the U.S. on a regular basis to see drum corps competitions and meet staff from many American bands and drum corps.
Throughout the 1980s the Band remained relatively small (around 40 or 50 members). The Band continued to travel to the Final performance at the Budokan (except in 1986 when they were involved in several events at the main church in Tenri), but since it was only an exhibition performance, there was not a lot of motivation for band members to always be at rehearsal, or to push to a higher level of performance. This changed in 1990, when the Final performance became a competition. The Aimachi Band found themselves far down in the rankings, and as a result, decided to work harder to achieve the goal of winning the Final competition. Mr. Sekine became more involved in the day to day rehearsals.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aimachi
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Aimachi
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Drum Corps International Championship videos started becoming available in Japan in the late 1970s and members of the Aimachi Band loved to watch these over and over again. Around this time, a percussionist in the Aimachi Band, Uichi Kajiyama, met a member of the Velvet Knights Drum Corps percussion section who was Japanese when the Aimachi Band performed on a TV show called “Do Marching World.” Uichi began to express an interest in traveling to the U.S. to march in one of the American drum and bugle corps as a way to learn more about the marching activity.
Many Aimachi Church members were not in favor of this, but Mr. Sekine wholeheartedly supported it, since he thought that it would be a great asset for the Aimachi Band to have someone with that training to help the Band once they returned. Although Uichi did not yet have the skills as a percussionist to perform with one of the top DCI corps, he did tour as a volunteer with the Cavaliers from Rosemont, Illinois for the 1992 season. Uichi had originally planned to tour with the Santa Clara Vanguard, but when Mr. Henderson was hired by the Cavaliers as the Head Brass Instructor, Mr. Fukuda recommended that Uichi go to Cavaliers instead. During this first year in Rosemont, Uichi met several other Cavalier staff and marching members who would later become members of Aimachi's staff, including Mitch Rogers, Jim Campbell, Michael Gaines, Michael Tarr, and Rosie Miller Queen. After his volunteer chores each day, Uichi would practice diligently and observe rehearsals and performance. Uichi marched as a member of the Cavaliers percussion section in 1993 through 1996. During this time, he was enrolled in Concordia College in Chicago studying English.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aimachi
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Aimachi
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Over the next several years, more Aimachi Band members, including two of his children, Kazue and Kiyotaka, traveled to the U.S. to join various drum corps including the Cadets, Blue Devils, Carolina Crown, Santa Clara Vanguard, Troopers, Blue Stars, Phantom Regiment and several more to the Cavaliers. Most of these people returned to the Band and have served as instructors or in leadership positions in the Band such as section leader.
In 1992, after meeting Henderson during DCI Finals Week in Madison, Wisconsin, Sekine asked him to arrange a piece of music from the Tenri religion called “The Truth of the Creation.” Mr. Henderson casually mentioned to Uichi that he would like to come to Japan someday to work with the Aimachi Band. Sekine immediately responded with an invitation to come visit in January 1993, as the Band prepared for the Final Competition. The Band finished third at the Budokan competition that year, behind the Yokohama Renaissance Vanguard and the Yokohama Inspires, but Henderson was able to give Sekine many ideas about how to improve the Band's performance, including instruments to purchase, designers and instructors to bring in and how to address problems with their practice facilities.
In November 1993, Henderson returned to work with the Band along with the Band's new drill designer, Mitch Rogers, and percussion arranger, James Campbell. During this visit, Mr. Sekine asked the three Americans to come up with a hip, cool English nickname for him (Fukuda Makato was known to everyone as “Mac” and Sekine wanted a similar moniker). After thinking about it for several days, the three came up with “Coz” which was drawn from the third syllable of his given name Kiyokazu.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aimachi
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Aimachi
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On weekends, especially on Sundays, a place was usually found that would allow for longer rehearsals, sometimes outside. In 1995, Mr. Sekine broke ground on a new gymnasium to be built on the grounds of the Aikiyo Church in Handa. This required moving the “Dome House” (a guest house used by visiting church officials, instructors and some band members) off its foundation and over about 50 feet.
The new gym has two levels. On the first floor these is a large office, rehearsal rooms for each brass section, a large rehearsal room for the full brass section, a large battery percussion rehearsal room, and storage rooms. The soundproofing of these rooms is so effective that even with the battery and full brass rooms adjacent to each other, the sound cannot be heard between the rooms.
The second floor has a 40-meter square gym floor for band, percussion, color guard and twirler rehearsals. This mimics the size of many of the Band's performance venues that are built with a floor this size to accommodate sumo wrestling competitions. This floor also houses a small office, and a foyer that is used by the pit percussion section, along with other storage spaces. Above the gym floor is a walkway along all four sides with a small viewing area on one side, which is mainly used by instructors during rehearsals. Hanging from the ceiling is a huge banner displaying a photograph of Mr. Sekine's father, Sekine Toyomatsu. Over the years, banners and props from various shows have been hung from the ceiling and walkway. With the completion of this facility, the Band was able to rehearse more often, longer and more effectively than ever before.
The First All Japan Championship
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aimachi
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Aimachi
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From 1994 to 1997, the Band performed shows based on common themes such as the music from the opera Carmen, various symphonic band works, and Russian music. The Band improved its ranking to second place during this period but was unable to put together a championship show. Starting with the 1996 show, “Winds of Spain,” the Band started to perform at a much higher level. In 1997, the Aimachi Band's score tied for first place, but the Renaissance Vanguard was again named Champion due to the All Japan tiebreaking formula.
Finally, in January 1998, the Band's “Miss Saigon” show put them on top. The music was taken from the Santa Clara Vanguard's show in 1991, but the outstanding feature of the show was a nearly full scale helicopter that was assembled by members of the Church. Since the door onto the competition field at the Budokan was very small, the helicopter had to be assembled in the back of the field during the Band's show and then hoisted on a scissor lift just as it made its appearance. A member of the Band sat inside the helicopter and operated the crank that spun the huge propeller. As the helicopter appeared at the end of the show, the crowd response was overwhelming and at the very end, the entire helicopter was spun around to create a very dramatic effect. With this victory, the Band's first at the All Japan Marching Band and Baton Twirling Association Championships, Mr. Sekine was inspired to come up with more spectacular and unusual effects to introduce in future shows.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aimachi
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Aimachi
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After coming in second in 1999, the Band looked for a theme for the next year's show that would take advantage of their strong drumline and decided that a show entitled “Africa” would do that, and it also opened up numerous opportunities for costuming and other effects. In 2001, Mr. Sekine decided to do a show entitled “Native American.” To do research for this show, Mr. Sekine traveled to Calgary, Alberta, Canada to visit with Mr. Robert Eklund, President of the World Association of Marching Show Bands, who took him to visit Indian tribes there and gather ideas for costuming, movements and props.
The Aimachi Band took first place with both of these shows that featured elaborate costuming and props, which led the All Japan Marching Band Baton Twirling Association to create rules that limited the size and nature of props that would be allowed in shows. However, these new rules did not stop the Aimachi Band and Mr. Sekine became even more creative with effects that he incorporated into the shows. The Aimachi Band became the first band in this division to be invited to perform in exhibition at the All Japan Championship the following year, 2002.
The Band put together another consecutive pair of Championships in January 2006 and 2007, with shows entitled “Gear” and “Final Tradition,” which led to the exhibition appearance at the All Japan Championships in December 2007, performing a show entitled “Holiday in New York” which displayed more comical effects than are normally found in Aimachi's shows.
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10682528
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imants%20Tillers
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Imants Tillers
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Imants Tillers (born 1950), is an Australian artist, curator and writer. He lives and works in Cooma, New South Wales.
Early life and education
Imants Tillers was born in Sydney in 1950, the child of Latvian immigrants. In 1973 he graduated from the University of Sydney with a Bachelor of Science in Architecture (Hons), and the University Medal.
Career
Tillers held his first solo exhibition in the early 1970s. During the following decade, he started producing his paintings using a system of small canvas boards, with the individual boards either stacked, or hung in a grid-like fashion to create large tableaux.
His artworks are complex, infused with intellectual references to a wide range of topics, including history, poetry and philosophy, as well as his own personal experiences.
Tillers also produced a number of collaborative works with Warlpiri artist Kumantje Jagamara (Michael Nelson Jagamara, between 2001 and Jagamara's death in 2020.
Exhibitions
Tillers has exhibited widely since the late 1960s, and has represented Australia at important international exhibitions such as the São Paulo Bienal in 1975, Documenta 7 in 1982, and the 42nd Venice Biennale in 1986. Major solo surveys of his work include Imants Tillers: works 1978 – 1988 at the Institute of Contemporary Arts, London (1988); Imants Tillers: 19301, at the National Art Gallery, Wellington (1989); Diaspora, National Art Museum, Riga, Latvia (1993); Diaspora in Context at the Pori Art Museum, Pori (1995); Towards Infinity: Works by Imants Tillers, Museum of Contemporary Art (MARCO) in Monterrey, Mexico (1999); and in 2006 a major retrospective of his work, Imants Tillers: one world many visions, was held at the National Gallery of Australia, Canberra. His works were exhibited again in Latvia in Journey to Nowhere at the National Museum of Art in 2018.
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10682567
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bead%20breaker
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Bead breaker
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A bead breaker is a tool used for separating tires from rims. The innermost diameter of the tire that interfaces with the rim of a wheel is called the tire bead. The bead is a thicker section of rubber, and is reinforced with braided steel cables, called the bead bundle. The surface of the bead creates a seal between the tire and rim on radial and bias-ply tires.
Often, the bead can become stuck to the rim after rusting or corrosion occurs, requiring the use of a bead breaker in order to be removed.
Usage
Tire changers have a semi-automated bead loosening system for removing tires, but due to the high cost and lack of portability, these were not suitable in many cases. In addition, tire beads adhered to rims by heat or rust must often be broken free manually; in these cases, a bead breaker is ideal. Used like a chisel, a bead breaker leverages a mechanical advantage to drive the bead away from the rim.
A need was experienced by 4x4 enthusiasts and overland travellers for a simple tool to effectively and efficiently remove the tire from the rim of a wheel, in the event that a tire requires repairs to its inside. Many vehicles, including ATVs, motorcycles, passenger vehicles, trucks, off-road vehicles, and light aircraft have an additional feature on the rim called the bead retainer, a ridge that prevents the tire bead from slipping inward on the rim and losing the air seal.
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10682628
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolan%20Ellis
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Dolan Ellis
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Francis Dolan Ellis (born March 1, 1935, in Kansas) is an American singer-songwriter who has been Arizona's Official State Balladeer since 1966, as appointed by ten consecutive governors. Governor Sam Goddard made the first appointment. Since then, official balladeers have been appointed in other states.
In his role as Balladeer, Dolan has written more than 300 songs and performed them throughout the state and in most U.S. states, as well as in twenty foreign countries. As a musician, Ellis is known for his 12-string guitar, his baritone voice, the songs he writes, and his unique arrangements of other songs. He specializes in songs of Arizona and the American Southwest, but often goes back to his roots as a jazz musician. Dolan pioneered the use of large-screen photography to illustrate his songs.
He was an original member of The New Christy Minstrels and was with them for their first five albums, several gold records, their Grammy in 1963 for Best Group, major concert appearances, and a full season (1962–1963) as regulars on the nationally televised Andy Williams Show.
In 1996, Ellis founded the Arizona Folklore Preserve, located in Ramsey Canyon in the Huachuca Mountains. Operated by the University of Arizona-South, the Preserve features guest artists on most weekends and monthly performances by Ellis himself.
In 2014, Ellis was featured in the documentary film Wall Of Dreamers.
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10682786
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annyalla
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Annyalla
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Annyalla or Annayalla () is a small village and townland situated in the east of County Monaghan in Ireland between Castleblayney and Clontibret. As of the 2022 census, Annyalla had a population of 205.
Geography
Annyalla townland is part of the civil parish of Clontibret. Originally located on the main N2 road from Dublin to Derry, Annyalla was by-passed in 2007. The Monaghan Gaelic Athletic Association training and development centre is located in nearby Cloghan townland.
History
Evidence of ancient settlement in the area includes a number of ring fort, lime kiln and megalithic monument sites in the townlands of Annayalla and Cloghan.
The main feature of the village is St Michael's church, built between 1922 and 1927. It was designed by the architect William A Scott and completed under the supervision of R M Butler of University College Dublin. Annyalla's national school building, now disused, was opened in 1929.
During the War of Independence, the area was the scene of several events involving the local 2nd Monaghan Brigade 5th Northern Division IRA Battalion. For example, on 25 May 1921, a member of the Black and Tans was wounded in an ambush in which the IRA unit seized a number of weapons.
Annayalla was designated as a census town by the Central Statistics Office for the first time in the 2016 census, at which time it had a population of 228 people. By 2022, it had a population of 205.
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10682818
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Long%20Christmas%20Ride%20Home
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The Long Christmas Ride Home
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The Long Christmas Ride Home is a one-act play written by Paula Vogel. It dramatises a road trip by two parents and their three young children to visit grandparents for Christmas dinner, and the emotional turmoil that they undergo. A significant element of the production schema is a Western contemporary employment of bunraku.
Production history
The play, under the direction of Oskar Eustis, premiered at Trinity Repertory Company in Providence, Rhode Island on May 16, 2003 as a co-production between Trinity Repertory Company and the Long Wharf Theatre. The play featured shamisen player Sumie Kaneko and puppets by Basil Twist.
The play opened off-Broadway in November 2003 at the Vineyard Theatre, directed by Mark Brokaw. The cast featured Will McCormack (Stephen), Catherine Kellner (Rebecca), Enid Graham (Claire), Mark Blum (Father) and Randy Graff (Mother). The Japanesque set was designed by Neil Patel, with costumes by Jess Goldstein and puppetry by Basil Twist This production received 2004 Lucille Lortel Award nominations for: Outstanding Play, Outstanding Director, Outstanding Sound Design, (David Van Tieghem), and won the 2004 Lucille Lortel Award, Outstanding Featured Actor, Will McCormack.
The play was presented at the Long Wharf Theatre (New Haven, Connecticut) in January and February 2004, directed by Oskar Eustis with the cast that featured Chelsea Altman, Angela Brazil, Timothy Crowe, Julio Monge, Anne Scurria and Stephen Thorne.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Long%20Christmas%20Ride%20Home
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The Long Christmas Ride Home
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It has subsequently appeared throughout the United States in both university, regional, and Off-Broadway productions. Notable productions include those at the Studio Theatre (Washington, D.C.). Many of these productions have honored Vogel's assertion that the play, while partly about Christmas, is not meant as a seasonal "Christmas play" (unlike, for example, adaptations of Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol). Therefore, like the world and New York City premieres, many productions are presented during what Vogel terms "the before and aftermath" of the holiday season (e.g., October, January).
Characterization
While the characters of the mother, father, and children (in adulthood) are portrayed by human performers, the children (in youth) are portrayed by puppeteers and initially voiced by narrators. Vogel bases the presence of puppets on what she claims is "one Westerner's misunderstanding of bunraku," the centuries-old form of Japanese puppetry. (Vogel does, however, write that other styles of puppets would be acceptable, so long as the children-puppets do not become "cute or coy.") Vogel indicates the play's flexibility in regard to the use and number of puppeteers. Some productions, including the world premiere, utilize three-person bunraku teams to manipulate the puppets: an omozukai controls the right hand of the puppet, a hidarizukai controls the left hand of the puppet, and an ashizukai controls the feet. Other productions, sometimes responding to the economic considerations of hiring additional performers, have used a single puppeteer for each child puppet (though this makes it impossible to use traditional bunraku puppets). Regardless of the type of puppeteering arrangement employed, the chief (or in some cases, sole) puppeteer will later assume the role of the child as an adult.
Both the 2003 world premiere at the Trinity Repertory Company and subsequent 2004 production at the Long Wharf Theatre featured bunraku puppets created by Basil Twist, a New York-based puppeteer.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Long%20Christmas%20Ride%20Home
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The Long Christmas Ride Home
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The traditional bunraku function of the Japanese tayū (or chanter), who, among other narrative tasks, performs a puppet character's utterances, is fulfilled by the Man or Woman narrator at the beginning of the journey and then by a puppeteer (one per child character) in the latter part of the journey. In so doing, Vogel is able to continue the traditional tayū'''s fluctuation between first-person and second-person address.
The Man and Woman, who begin the play as omniscient narrators, soon assume the roles of the mother and father during the journey. These two performers initially speak all stage dialogue, including the lines of the children and some stage directions. Gradually, the three actors who begin the play as the chief puppeteers of the three children begin to speak the children's lines, relegating the Man and Woman to roles as the parents and occasional narrators. The human actors speaking the children's lines during the opening automobile journey abandon the puppets in the latter portion of the play to fully embody the adult characters during lengthy monologues.
Music and sound
Acknowledging the continual presence of music in traditional bunraku, Vogel has indicated her preference that "music and sound effects run under the entire play." Many productions make great use of traditional Japanese music by shamisen players, though Vogel states that aural effects as varied as a boom box, Western Christmas carols "tuned to the tonal scales of bunraku," wooden clappers, or Hawaiian guitars are acceptable. The music for the Off-Broadway premiere production in 2003 was performed live by Luke Notary.Brantley, Ben. "Theater Review. To Grandmother's House We Go (With Baggage)" The New York Times, November 5, 2003
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Long%20Christmas%20Ride%20Home
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The Long Christmas Ride Home
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Scenic design
Vogel intends the work to be played on a "simple, elegant, bare" set: stools, benches, and simple chairs. Such minimalism will, she hopes, "allow the action [to] flow as much as possible." Real stage properties (e.g., an actual umbrella) should be used only "when absolutely necessary." Most major productions have adopted Vogel's suggested scenic design.
Reception
Productions of The Long Christmas Ride Home have been generally well received by most reviewers. The New York Times, though bemoaning a "lag" in action as the adult children monologues appear in the latter portion of the play, nonetheless determined the work "is as pure as mathematics in its translation of the prosaic into the abstract. At its most touching, the play collapses time and space into moments of disarming, and affecting, beauty."
The CurtainUp reviewer wrote: "...In deconstructing one family's image of American as apple pie togetherness on the ultimate family holiday, Vogel returns to the central prop d [sic] of How I Learned to Drive and the painful memories of her brother's death from AIDS explored in The Baltimore Waltz. It is also the outgrowth of her interest in fostering experimental theatrical techniques and acknowledging the roots of that experimental spirit. "
Critics have compared the work to fellow Pulitzer Prize-winner Thorton Wilder's own automobile journey one-act play, The Happy Journey to Trenton and Camden''. Vogel confirms this association as purposeful, labeling her own Christmas work an "homage" to Wilder's "great gift to the American theatre [of] presentational, rather than representational theatre."
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10682930
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikalojus%20Dauk%C5%A1a
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Mikalojus Daukša
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Mikalojus Daukša (other possible spellings include Mikalojus Daugsza, and Mikolay Dowksza; after 1527 – 16 February 1613 in Medininkai) was a Lithuanian and Latin religious writer, translator and a Lithuanian Catholic Church official. He is best known as the first among Lithuania's humanists to underline the need to codify and promote the Lithuanian language over Chancery Ruthenian and Polish, which were in use in the Grand Duchy at the time. Furthermore, Daukša preached the ideas of Counter-Reformation and Renaissance humanism.
Daukša's Lithuanian translation of Jacob Ledesma's catechism (1595) became the first book in Lithuanian to be published in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In 2007, Daukša's translated catechism of Jacob Ledesma was included into the UNESCO's Lithuanian National Memory of the World Register and its copy is kept in the Vilnius University Library.
Biography
Daukša was born between 1527 and 1538 in Babėnai (?), Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Daukša probably received his education in Vilnius and at one of the Western European Universities. He spoke several languages and had a personal library including books by Erasmus of Rotterdam and Philip Melanchthon.
Daukša was a canon of Medininkai (nowadays Varniai) and an official member of the Samogitia. Under the auspices of bishop Merkelis Giedraitis, he translated the catechism by the Spanish Jesuit theologist Jacobo Ledesma. The postil, translated from the Polish translation by Jakub Wujek, was published in 1595, and became one of the means to fight paganism. Paganism was at that time still practiced in Lithuania. The work also served to counter the growing threat posed to Catholicism by the Reformation, which was promoted in Lithuania by the mighty Radziwiłł family. It was also the first book in Lithuanian to be printed in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikalojus%20Dauk%C5%A1a
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Mikalojus Daukša
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In 1599 Daukša published another important work, the Lithuanian translation of the Polish language collection of sermons by Jakub Wujek, the Catholic Postil. There are two prefaces to this work, one in Latin and one in Polish. In the Polish preface, Daukša advocates the promotion of the Lithuanian language in the Grand Duchy and gave a brief definition of the Lithuanian nation and state. According to Daukša, a nation is a community which is united by territory, customs and the same language. In Polish language preface Daukša addressed compatriots who had not yet encountered the tradition of the written Lithuanian language and used other languages in their daily lives. He praised the proficiency in the Polish language, which, in his opinion, was very widespread in Lithuania and "through the pleasant union of the Grand Duchy with the renowned Polish Crown, is almost natural to us." Moreover, Daukša claimed that in order to main their state the Lithuanians must use the Lithuanian language as the main language of the state, create laws, write books, study in schools. The book is regarded as more valuable and important than the Catechism, and constitutes one of the monuments of the Lithuanian language.
In his translations, Daukša used the central High Lithuanian dialect, influenced by both eastern High Lithuanian and Samogitian. As one of pioneers of written Lithuanian, he is credited with the introduction of several neologisms, among them mokytojas (teacher), valia (will), įkvėpimas (inspiration) and išmintis (wisdom). Of special importance for our knowledge of the Lithuanian language are the accent signs Daukša employs in the Postilla.
In 2024, the main-belt asteroid was named after him.
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10682964
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andersonville%2C%20South%20Carolina
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Andersonville, South Carolina
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Andersonville was a town in Anderson County, South Carolina, that was settled around 1800. It was named for Robert Anderson, who was a Revolutionary War veteran. Although it had been a thriving textile and trading community, it suffered from repeated floods and was bypassed by the railroad. The construction of Lake Hartwell displaced the remnants of the community. Today the nearest incorporated communities are Hartwell, Georgia, across the lake to the southwest, and Anderson, South Carolina, to the North.
History
The town of Andersonville was settled at the fork of the Seneca River and the Tugaloo River. In 1801, the South Carolina General Assembly established the town. The town was named for Robert Anderson, who was one of the commissioners that laid out the community.
The town grew as a trading and textile center. The Southern Clock Company and textile mills were built in the town. In 1840, a flood struck the community and destroyed the textile mills. The textile mills were rebuilt, but they were destroyed by another flood in 1852.
The railroads bypassed Andersonville. As rail traffic overtook the river traffic, the town lost its industry and many residents. The Andersonville post office was closed in 1893.
The area was largely flooded in the construction of Lake Hartwell. Most of those buried at the cemetery were moved to Andersonville Baptist Church on the eastern shore of the lake. Andersonville Island, which is a narrow island about two miles long, is all that remains of the community.
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10683041
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry%20of%20the%20Interior%20and%20Administration
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Ministry of the Interior and Administration
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Ministry of the Interior and Administration () is an administration structure controlling main administration and security branches of the Polish government. After Parliamentary Election on 9 October 2011 was transformed for two ministries: Ministry of Interior (Minister: Jacek Cichocki) and Ministry of Administration and Digitization (Minister: Michał Boni). It was recreated in late 2015.
History and function
The ministry was founded in 1918 as the Ministry of Internal Affairs (Ministerstwo Spraw Wewnętrznych). It has gone through several reforms, including partial splits and mergers, throughout its history.
Following the abolishing of the Ministry of Public Security in 1954, Auxiliary departments, including departmental hospitals, nurseries, and the "Konsumy" retail chain, were transferred from the MBP to the Ministry of Interior, headed by Władysław Wicha. First of all, the Ministry of Internal Affairs took over the competences related to the resident registration and registration of the population, passport matters (which soon returned to the security service), supervision over the Citizens' Militia, ORMO, KBW, and the Border Protection Force as well as the State Fire Service and the Prison Service.
On 14 July 1983 The Act "on the office of the Minister of Internal Affairs and the scope of activities of the bodies subordinate to him" was adopted; the Voivodeship Militsiya Headquarters () were replaced with Voivodeship Offices for Internal Affairs (), and similar steps were taken at the district and regional levels.
During a reform of the Polish government in 1996 the administration branch was merged into the Ministry and it was renamed to its current name (on 24 December).
Powers and responsibilities
Traditionally it is one of the most important governmental cabinet positions in Poland,
The ministry is responsible for the following:
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10683064
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibradden%20Mountain
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Tibradden Mountain
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Tibradden Mountain () is a mountain in County Dublin in the Republic of Ireland. Other former names for the mountain include "Garrycastle" and "Kilmainham Begg" (a reference to Kilmainham Priory which once owned the lands around the mountain). It is high and is the 561st-highest mountain in Ireland. It forms part of the group of hills in the Dublin Mountains which comprises Two Rock, Three Rock, Kilmashogue and Tibradden Mountains. The views from the summit encompass Dublin to the north, Two Rock to the east and the Wicklow Mountains to the south and west.
The geological composition is mainly granite and the southern slopes are strewn with granite boulders. The summit area is a habitat for heather, furze, gorse and bilberry as well as Sika deer, foxes and badgers. The forestry plantation on the slopes – known as the Pine Forest – contains Scots pine, Japanese larch, European larch, Sitka spruce, oak and beech. The mountain is also a site of archaeological interest with a prehistoric burial site close to the summit.
History
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibradden%20Mountain
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Tibradden Mountain
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Prehistoric monuments
Close to the summit is a prehistoric burial site. Local tradition associates it, incorrectly, with Niall Glúndub. It was excavated in 1849 by members of the Royal Irish Academy who found a stone-lined cist containing a pottery vessel and cremated remains, now preserved by the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. In its present form, the site consists of an open circular chamber
in diameter with a narrow passage. For many years, it was believed that this monument was a passage grave and the author Robert Graves refers to it as such in his poetic mythological work The White Goddess (1948). However, conservation work done at the site in 1956 revealed that the chamber and passage were not original features but had probably been created at the time of the original excavation in the nineteenth century. A stone bench was also found in the centre, apparently built for the convenience of visitors to the site. It is now accepted that the monument is in fact a chambered cairn with a cist burial at the centre. The site may be the burial place of Bródáin, after whom the mountain is named. The monument is not at the summit of the mountain but is located slightly to the north at a position where the view across Dublin Bay to Howth is not obscured by Two Rock. Within the chamber itself lies a stone with a spiral pattern. It became a national monument in 1940.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibradden%20Mountain
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Tibradden Mountain
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Other sites of historical interest
The antiquarian Weston St. John Joyce described a rude carving of a cross and a crowned figure with upraised arms on one of the rocks to the south of the summit. This feature was also documented and photographed by the archaeologist Patrick Healy. Although the cross is in an early Christian style, Joyce and Healy both surmised it and the figure to have been carved at some time in the nineteenth century. Both carvings are still somewhat visible (the figure less so than the cross) but require direct light on the rock.
On the southern slopes, along the R116 road is a stone with the inscription, "O'Connell's Rock, 23 July 1823". Daniel O'Connell gave an address to the local populace from this rock as they celebrated Garland Sunday that year.
Access and recreation
Access to the mountain is possible via the Pine Forest, a Coillte-owned forest recreation area on the slopes of the mountain which is managed by the Dublin Mountains Partnership. Tibradden is also traversed by the Dublin Mountains Way hiking trail that runs between Shankill and Tallaght while the Wicklow Way hiking trail runs to the southeast of the summit. The first part of the Dublin Mountains Way to be completed was the section linking Tibradden, Kilmashogue and Cruagh forests and a dedication plaque marking its opening on 19 June 2009 by Éamon Ó Cuív, TD, Minister for Community, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs can be found along the route of the Way in the Pine Forest.
There is another dedication plaque in the Pine Forest, near the car park, marking the inauguration of the Dublin Mountains Partnership on 24 October 2008 by Eamon Ryan, TD, Minister for Communications, Energy and Natural Resources.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong%20Kong%20Comics%3A%20A%20History%20of%20Manhua
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Hong Kong Comics: A History of Manhua
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Hong Kong Comics: A History of Manhua is a reference book on Hong Kong comics. It was authored by Wendy Siuyi Wong, and released in 2002.
Content
The book covers the origin of Manhua from the very first generation of comic books in China, to Hong Kong and some information on manga adaptations. It includes a complete listing of books up to the year 2000 with descriptions and images of every comic. It is the definitive source for English-speaking audiences with appendices of Chinese translations in the back. As many as 800 rare illustrations of comics are in the book.
The title was originally published in Chinese for a Hong Kong audience. The original coauthor of the Chinese version was Yueng Wai-pong, who spent a lifetime collecting and studying the art. Funding was later provided by the Hong Kong Arts Development Council.
Significance
The products of the Chinese comics industry have been almost exclusively available to the Far East. This book helps close the gap between Eastern and Western audiences. Unlike manga, which have been thoroughly translated by numerous references, this is one of the few books that is able to provide insight for the West in a detailed manner.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong%20Kong%20comics
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Hong Kong comics
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The arrival of television in the 1970s was a changing point. Bruce Lee's films dominated the era and his popularity launched a new wave of Kung Fu comic. The explicit violence helped sell comic books, and the Government of Hong Kong intervened with the Indecent Publication Law in 1975. Little Rascals was one of the pieces which absorbed all the social changes. The 1995 amendment on the Control of Obscene and Indecent Articles Ordinance have much influence on the industry.
The materials would also bloom in the 1990s with work like McMug and three-part stories like "Teddy Boy", "Portland Street" and "Red Light District". Many famous painters such as Wong Yuk-Long appeared. A comics publishing company, The Jademan (Holdings) Ltd (now Culturecom Holdings Ltd.) Initial public offering in 1986. Chinese translation of Japanese comics are also very popular.
Since the 1950s, Hong Kong's comic market has been separate from that of mainland China. The handover of Hong Kong back to China in 1997 may signify a reunification of both markets. Depending on how cultural materials are to be handled, especially via self-censorship, the much larger audience in the mainland can be beneficial to both.
Sun Zi's Tactics by Lee Chi Ching won the first International Manga Award in 2007 and Feel 100% by Lau Wan Kit won the second International Manga Award in 2008.
In 2008, the South China Morning Post stated that Hong Kong comics tend to emphasise action sequences, and comics with martial art themes have the highest numbers of books/works sold in Hong Kong.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abom%20language
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Abom language
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Abom is a nearly extinct language spoken in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea. According to a 2002 census, only 15 people still speak this language. All of the speakers are older adults. Middle-aged adults have some understanding of it, but no children speak or understand Abom.
Abom is spoken in Lewada (), Mutam (), and Tewara () villages of Gogodala Rural LLG.
Classification
Abom is not close to other languages. Pawley and Hammarström (2018) classify Abom as a divergent Tirio language on the basis of morphological evidence; Abom shares the same gender ablaut pattern as other Tirio languages. Evans (2018), however, lists Abom as a separate branch of Trans-New Guinea. Suter & Usher find that it is not an Anim language (the Trans–New Guinea family that includes the Tirio languages), but does appear to be divergent Trans–New Guinea. Part of the problem lies in the fact that many recorded Abom words are loans from the Inland Gulf languages, reducing the material needed for comparison.
Pronouns
Jore and Alemán (2002: 48) give pronouns for Abom as follows:
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