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2134539 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquagenic%20pruritus | Aquagenic pruritus | Aquagenic pruritus is a skin condition characterized by the development of severe, intense, prickling-like epidermal itching without observable skin lesions and evoked by contact with water.
Presentation
Presentation varies from person to person. Some people have discrete attacks, which can last between 10 and 120 min... | 2.546875 | 0 |
2134539 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquagenic%20pruritus | Aquagenic pruritus | Other treatment is usually focused on topical itch management. This can be effected by the application of hot water at the end of a bath or shower, antipruritic lotions or creams such as lotion containing capsaicin, using phototherapy, or the application of hot or cold packs to the skin after water contact. Paradoxical... | 2.171875 | 0 |
2134540 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naaman | Naaman | As the object of the narrative of Naaman's sickness and restoration to health is, apparently, to form a link in the long series of miracles performed by Elisha, the redactor of II Kings did not concern himself to indicate the time when this event occurred. The rabbinical tradition that Naaman was the archer () who mort... | 2.21875 | 0 |
2134565 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%20Party%20%28Bulgaria%29 | Green Party (Bulgaria) | The Green Party () is an environmentalist political party in Bulgaria. It was founded in Sofia in 1989 by Aleksandar Karakachanov, who later went on to become the chairperson of the party.
History
The Green Party was established on December 28, 1989 by Alexander Karakachanov. It consisted of activists from the "Ecogla... | 2.0625 | 0 |
2134565 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%20Party%20%28Bulgaria%29 | Green Party (Bulgaria) | In 2005, the Green Party participated in the elections for the National Assembly as a member of the Coalition for Bulgaria known as the Triple Coalition. The Green Party had no elected representatives, and it left the coalition before the end of the term as a result of policy disagreements. Specifically, the party disa... | 1.929688 | 0 |
2134586 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambassador%20Magma | Ambassador Magma | The human interest in the story was a family of three: a boy named Mikko, his mother Tomoko, and his journalist father Ito Mura. The family became involved in the story due to the villain Rodak's desire to publish news of his presence to world media. The Mura family found themselves continually caught in the crossfire ... | 2.15625 | 0 |
2134649 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell%20dwellers | Shell dwellers | Types of shell dwellers
There are several groups the shell dwellers can be placed into:
Colonial shell dwellers. Quite popular for their familial behavior, these fish are native to or, in some cases, create their own shellbeds, with piles of dense shells. Species include Neolamprologus multifasciatus, Neolamprologus si... | 2.5625 | 0 |
2134649 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell%20dwellers | Shell dwellers | Diet
Shell dwellers are carnivores that primarily feed on zooplankton and other microscopic and near-microscopic foods.
Cichlids' distinctive pharyngeal teeth, in the throat of the fish, are present in shell dwellers, though small. Armed with those and the usual teeth along with the typical dissolving qualities of wat... | 3.421875 | 0 |
2134678 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern%20Oregon%20Regional%20Airport | Eastern Oregon Regional Airport | Eastern Oregon Regional Airport (Eastern Oregon Regional Airport at Pendleton) is a public airport three miles northwest of Pendleton, in Umatilla County, Oregon, United States. Commercial service is provided by Boutique Air to Portland, subsidized by the Essential Air Service program.
According to the Federal Aviati... | 2.015625 | 0 |
2134684 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9%20Manuel%20Moreno | José Manuel Moreno | José Manuel Moreno Fernández (3 August 1916 – 26 August 1978), nicknamed "El Charro", was an Argentine footballer who played as an inside forward for several clubs in Argentina, Mexico, Chile, and Colombia; for many who saw him play, he is regarded as one of the greatest players of all time, even among Diego Maradona,... | 2.484375 | 0 |
2134684 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9%20Manuel%20Moreno | José Manuel Moreno | Colombia
Moreno moved to Colombia in 1954, joining Independiente Medellín, where he would end his playing career. He was both a player and a manager for the club. He won the Colombian championship in 1955, becoming the only footballer to have won league titles in four countries' leagues, doing so in Argentina, Mexico, ... | 2.25 | 0 |
2134692 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitre%20Peak | Mitre Peak | Mitre Peak () is a mountain in the South Island of New Zealand; it is located on the shore of Milford Sound.
Etymology
The mountain was named by Captain John Lort Stokes of HMS Acheron, who found its shape reminiscent of the mitre headwear of Christian bishops. The Māori name for the peak is Rahotu.
Geography
Mitre ... | 2.359375 | 0 |
2134692 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitre%20Peak | Mitre Peak | In 1911, Jim Dennistoun walked in to Milford Sound from Lake Te Anau over McKinnon Pass, and inquired among the track porters in the hope of finding someone to climb the peak with him. None of the porters had any climbing experience, but one of them, Joe Beaglehole (1875–1962), had read Scrambles among the Alps by note... | 2.21875 | 0 |
2134693 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsican%20immigration%20to%20Puerto%20Rico | Corsican immigration to Puerto Rico | Corsican immigration to Puerto Rico resulted in the 19th century from widespread economic and political changes in Europe that made life difficult for the peasant and agricultural classes in Corsica and other territories. The Second Industrial Revolution drew more people into urban areas for work, widespread crop failu... | 2.875 | 0 |
2134693 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsican%20immigration%20to%20Puerto%20Rico | Corsican immigration to Puerto Rico | Influence in the Coffee Industry
Hundreds of Corsicans and their families immigrated to Puerto Rico from as early as 1830, and their numbers peaked in the early 1900s. The first Spanish settlers had settled and owned the land in the coastal areas, as they wanted access to the sea. The Corsicans tended to settle the mou... | 2.703125 | 0 |
2134693 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsican%20immigration%20to%20Puerto%20Rico | Corsican immigration to Puerto Rico | The descendants of the Corsican settlers also became influential in the fields of education, literature, journalism and politics. Historian Colonel Héctor A. Negroni, (USAF-Retired), researched the Corsican-Puerto Rican connection and has documented substantial information about Puerto Rico's ties with Corsica. Today ... | 2.765625 | 0 |
2134693 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsican%20immigration%20to%20Puerto%20Rico | Corsican immigration to Puerto Rico | Corsican influence in Puerto Rican and popular culture
Besides having distinguished careers in agriculture and the military, Puerto Ricans of Corsican descent have made many other contributions to the Puerto Rican way of life. Their contributions can be found in, but are not limited to, the fields of education, commer... | 2.71875 | 0 |
2134696 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf%20curl | Leaf curl | Peach leaf curl is a plant disease characterized by distortion and coloration of leaves and is caused by the fungus Taphrina deformans, which infects peach, nectarine, and almond trees. T. deformans is found in the United States, Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. Peach leaf curl reduces the amount of l... | 2.984375 | 0 |
2134697 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight%20Deer%20Jaguar%20Claw | Eight Deer Jaguar Claw | Eight Deer Jaguar Claw (), or Eight Deer for brevity, was a powerful Mixtec ruler in 11th-century Oaxaca referred to in the 15th-century deerskin manuscript Codex Zouche-Nuttall, and other Mixtec manuscripts. His surname is alternatively translated Tiger-Claw and Ocelot-Claw. John Pohl has dated his life spanning from ... | 2.203125 | 0 |
2134697 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight%20Deer%20Jaguar%20Claw | Eight Deer Jaguar Claw | In 1101 Eight Deer conquered Xipe's Bundle and killed his wife's father and his stepsister's husband Eleven Wind. He also tortured and killed his brothers-in-law, sparing only the youngest, Four Wind. Eight Deer's own death is described differently by modern authors. Charles C. Mann's book 1491 states that when Eight D... | 2.25 | 0 |
2134702 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joanna%20%C5%BBubr | Joanna Żubr | Joanna Żubr (1772 or 1782 – 9 July 1852) was a Polish soldier of the Napoleonic Wars, a veteran of the Polish–Austrian War, and the first woman to receive the Virtuti Militari, the highest Polish military decoration.
After the outbreak of the Napoleonic Wars and creation of the Duchy of Warsaw in 1808, Joanna Żubr wit... | 2.078125 | 0 |
2134719 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater%20Lake%E2%80%93Klamath%20Regional%20Airport | Crater Lake–Klamath Regional Airport | Crater Lake–Klamath Regional Airport (Klamath Falls Airport) is a public use airport in Klamath County, Oregon, United States, five miles southeast of Klamath Falls, which owns it. It is used by general aviation, military aviation and a few airline flights. In 2013, the name of the airport was changed to Crater Lake-K... | 2.28125 | 0 |
2134719 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater%20Lake%E2%80%93Klamath%20Regional%20Airport | Crater Lake–Klamath Regional Airport | In 1954, the airport was selected as a U.S. Air Force Air Defense Command base, becoming a joint-use civil-military location. The 408th Fighter Group arrived to supervise these activities, authorized Mighty Mouse rocket and airborne intercept radar equipped North American F-86 Sabres. But for some years the assigned 51... | 2.25 | 0 |
2134723 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studd%20brothers | Studd brothers | The match was low scoring and had been affected by recent rain. Australia batted first and scored 63; England only managed 101 in reply. In their second innings the Australians scored 122, so on the second day, England needed only 85 to win. When England's last batsman went in the team needed only 10 runs to win, but t... | 2.359375 | 0 |
2134725 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevrolet%20S-10%20EV | Chevrolet S-10 EV | The Chevrolet S-10 Electric was an American electric-powered vehicle built by Chevrolet. It was introduced in 1997, becoming the world's first electric pickup truck from the original manufacturer, updated in 1998, and then discontinued. It was an OEM BEV variant of Chevrolet's S-10 pickup truck. The S-10 Electric was s... | 1.992188 | 0 |
2134730 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kynaston%20Studd | Kynaston Studd | After leaving Cambridge, where he was a member of the Pitt Club, Kynaston played occasionally for Middlesex, but spent most of his time on business and at the Royal Polytechnic Institute where he was president from 1903 until his death. He was awarded the OBE in the 1919 New Year Honours.
After serving as Sheriff of L... | 2.34375 | 0 |
2134745 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reideen%20the%20Brave | Reideen the Brave | International release
Brave Raideen is considered the first super robot anime to reach a large U.S. audience directly. It was first broadcast in Honolulu, Hawaii on KIKU TV-13, which ran the series with English subtitles created and produced in-house. The series first hit the mainland in March 1976, Friday nights at 6:... | 1.9375 | 0 |
2134761 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Studd | Charles Studd | Charles Thomas Studd, often known as C. T. Studd (2 December 1860 – 16 July 1931), was a British missionary, a contributor to The Fundamentals, and a cricketer.
As a British Anglican Christian missionary to China he was part of the Cambridge Seven, and later was responsible for setting up the Heart of Africa Mission w... | 2.671875 | 0 |
2134761 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Studd | Charles Studd | Studd emphasised the life of faith, believing that God would provide for a Christian's needs. His father died while he was in China, and he gave away his inheritance of £29,000, specifying £5,000 to be used for the Moody Bible Institute, £5,000 for George Müller mission work and his orphans, £5,000 for George Holland's... | 2.671875 | 0 |
2134763 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Aristotle%20Phillips | John Aristotle Phillips | John Aristotle Phillips (born August 23, 1955) is a U.S. entrepreneur specializing in political campaigns, who became famous for attempting to design a nuclear weapon while a student, leading to him being dubbed The A-Bomb Kid by the media.
"A-Bomb Kid"
Phillips was born in August 1955 to Greek immigrant parents and r... | 2.796875 | 0 |
2134763 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Aristotle%20Phillips | John Aristotle Phillips | The physicist Freeman Dyson agreed to be his advisor of the paper, but told Phillips that he would give him no classified information. Ultimately he relied upon first-principles derivations of the physics of nuclear weapons, information obtained from declassified books and reports (including the Los Alamos Primer), and... | 2.140625 | 0 |
2134763 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Aristotle%20Phillips | John Aristotle Phillips | Several months after the story first went public, in February 1977, Phillips was contacted by someone from the Pakistani embassy trying to purchase his bomb design. Phillips went to the FBI. The incident was addressed on the Senate floor by William Proxmire and Charles Percy.
Phillips had become a minor celebrity by ... | 2.234375 | 0 |
2134766 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20George%20Municipal%20Airport | St. George Municipal Airport | St. George Municipal Airport was a public airport in St. George, serving southern Utah, until 13 January 2011. It was used for general aviation and by St. George-based SkyWest Airlines on behalf of Delta Air Lines and United Airlines. SkyWest has served St. George since its founding in 1972. SkyWest, which is now one... | 2.34375 | 0 |
2134776 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Studd | George Studd | George Brown Studd (20 October 1859 – 13 February 1945) was an English cricketer and missionary.
Studd was the second eldest of the famous Studd brothers, who dominated English cricket in the late 19th century. He played in four Tests with the English cricket team, and played first-class cricket for Cambridge Univers... | 2.5 | 0 |
2134777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teppe%20Hasanlu | Teppe Hasanlu | Teppe Hasanlu or Hasanlu Tepe () is an archeological site of an ancient city located in northwest Iran (in the province of West Azerbaijan), a short distance south of Lake Urmia. The nature of its destruction at the end of the 9th century BC essentially froze one layer of the city in time, providing researchers with ex... | 2.53125 | 0 |
2134777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teppe%20Hasanlu | Teppe Hasanlu | Originally, excavations in the Ushnu-Solduz Valley were intended to explore a series of stratified occupation levels in the area with the objective of reconstructing a regional cultural history from Neolithic times until Alexander the Great's conquest of Persia beginning in 334 BC, such that any conclusions would rely ... | 2.578125 | 0 |
2134777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teppe%20Hasanlu | Teppe Hasanlu | The excavators originally divided the site’s occupation history into ten periods based on the nature of material finds in the different strata: the oldest, Level X, stretches back to the Neolithic period, after which there was fairly continuous occupation until the early Iron Age (ca 1250–330 BC), followed by a hiatus ... | 2.5625 | 0 |
2134777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teppe%20Hasanlu | Teppe Hasanlu | Iron Age (Level IV - III)
At around 1250 BC, there are some changes in the material culture at Hasanlu and in the graves excavated at Dinkha. This marks the beginning of the Iron I period, formerly identified with Hasanlu Period V but now the equivalent of Hasanlu IVc. While this period is designated the Iron I, there... | 2.765625 | 0 |
2134777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teppe%20Hasanlu | Teppe Hasanlu | The continued presence in significant quantities of Assyrian goods or copies, alongside objects of local manufacture, attest to continued cultural contact with Assyria at this time; iron first appears in bulk at Hansanlu at around the same time Assyria seized control of the metal trade in Asia Minor.
While the Neo-Assy... | 2.46875 | 0 |
2134778 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordyline%20fruticosa | Cordyline fruticosa | Cordyline fruticosa is an evergreen flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae. The plant is of great cultural importance to the traditional inhabitants of the Pacific Islands and Island Southeast Asia. It is also cultivated for food, traditional medicine, and as an ornamental for its variously colored leaves. It is id... | 2.453125 | 0 |
2134778 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordyline%20fruticosa | Cordyline fruticosa | It has many uses but it is most notable as one of the most important plants related to the indigenous socio-cultural practices of the Pacific and Island Southeast-Asia. In particular, it was propagated throughout the Austronesian linguistic area by humans, not so much for its food value (although some forms are edible)... | 2.859375 | 0 |
2134778 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordyline%20fruticosa | Cordyline fruticosa | In Indonesia, red ti are used similarly as in the Philippines. Among the Dayak, Sundanese, Kayan, Kenyah, Berawan, Iban and Mongondow people, red ti are used as wards against evil spirits and as boundary markers. They are also used in rituals like in healing and funerals and are very commonly planted in sacred groves a... | 2.765625 | 0 |
2134778 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordyline%20fruticosa | Cordyline fruticosa | In New Guinea, ti are commonly planted to indicate land ownership for cultivation and are also planted around ceremonial men's houses. They are also used in various rituals and are commonly associated with blood and warfare. Among the Tsembaga Maring people, they are believed to house "red spirits" (spirits of men who ... | 3.03125 | 0 |
2134778 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordyline%20fruticosa | Cordyline fruticosa | In Island Melanesia, ti are regarded as sacred by various Austronesian-speaking peoples and are used in rituals for protection, divination, and fertility. Among the Kwaio people, red ti are associated with feuding and vengeance, while green ti are associated with ancestor spirits, markers of sacred groves, and wards ag... | 3.265625 | 0 |
2134778 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordyline%20fruticosa | Cordyline fruticosa | In Polynesia, green ti were cultivated widely for food and religious purposes. They are commonly planted around homes, in sacred places (including marae and heiau), and in grave sites. The leaves are also carried as a charm when traveling and the leaves are used in rituals that communicate with the species. Like in Sou... | 2.96875 | 0 |
2134778 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordyline%20fruticosa | Cordyline fruticosa | The roots and young leaves can be cooked and eaten as survival food. The leaves can make a rain cloak. The plants are also widely used for traditional medicine, dye, and ornamentation throughout Austronesia and New Guinea.
Cordyline fruticosa flowers are a traditional treatment for asthma, and their anthocyanin conte... | 2.9375 | 0 |
2134780 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedar%20City%20Regional%20Airport | Cedar City Regional Airport | Cedar City Regional Airport is two miles northwest of Cedar City, in Iron County, Utah. It is owned by the Cedar City Corporation. Airline flights are subsidized by the Essential Air Service program.
Federal Aviation Administration records say the airport had 7,776 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year ... | 2.03125 | 0 |
2134789 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yashwantrao%20Chavan | Yashwantrao Chavan | Yashwantrao Balwantrao Chavan (Marathi pronunciation: [jəʃʋənt̪ɾaːʋ t͡səʋʱaːɳ]; 12 March 1913 – 25 November 1984) was an Indian freedom fighter and politician who served as 8th Minister of Finance from 1970 to 1971 and 1971 to 1974. He served as the last Chief Minister of Bombay State and the first of Maharashtra after... | 2.4375 | 0 |
2134805 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling%20block | Rolling block | A rolling-block action is a single-shot firearm action where the sealing of the breech is done with a specially shaped breechblock able to rotate on a pin. The breechblock is shaped like a section of a circle.
The breechblock is locked into place by the hammer, therefore preventing the cartridge from moving backward at... | 2.5625 | 0 |
2134827 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viewpoints | Viewpoints | Viewpoints is a movement-based pedagogical and artistic practice that provides a framework for creating and analyzing performance by exploring spatial relationships, shape, time, emotion, movement mechanics, and the materiality of the actor's body. Rooted in the domains of postmodern theatre and dance composition, the ... | 2.765625 | 0 |
2134827 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viewpoints | Viewpoints | The Six Viewpoints theory was adapted by directors Anne Bogart and Tina Landau, ultimately resulting in the delineation of nine "physical" and five "vocal" Viewpoints. Bogart and Overlie were on the faculty of the Experimental Theatre Wing at NYU Tisch School of the Arts in the late 1970s and early 1980s, during which ... | 2.671875 | 0 |
2134827 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viewpoints | Viewpoints | The Materials (SSTEMS)
When working with the materials, the artist is instructed to turn off the impulse to control or own the material, and is challenged to work very specifically with each material as an independent entity. Overlie recommends the artist to gather as much "useless" data as they can and to take time t... | 2.71875 | 0 |
2134827 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viewpoints | Viewpoints | Architecture: The physical environment, the space, and whatever belongs to it or constitutes it, including permanent and non-permanent features.
Spatial Relationship: Distance between objects on stage; one body in relation to another, to a group, or to the architecture.
Topography: The movement over landscape, floor p... | 3.09375 | 0 |
2134847 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division%20of%20Parkes | Division of Parkes | The Division of Parkes is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales.
History
The former Division of Parkes (1901–1969) was located in suburban Sydney, and was not related to this division, except in name.
The division is named after Sir Henry Parkes, seventh Premier of New South Wales and some... | 1.929688 | 0 |
2134862 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night%20of%20Fire | Night of Fire | The German Night Gate Fire (; ) happened on the night of 12 June 1961 when 37 electricity pylons were blown up in South Tyrol by the South Tyrolean Liberation Committee. It formed a turning point in the history of the province.
Background
After fascism came to an end in Italy, the situation of the German-speaking popu... | 2.09375 | 0 |
2134873 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matth%C3%A4us%20Daniel%20P%C3%B6ppelmann | Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann | Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann (1662–1736) was a German master builder and architect who helped to rebuild Dresden after the fire of 1685. His most famous work is the Zwinger Palace.
Life
Pöppelmann was born in Herford in Westphalia on 3 May 1662 the son of a shopkeeper.
In 1680, he began working on an unpaid basis as a... | 2.109375 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | The Byzantine navy was the naval force of the Byzantine Empire. Like the state it served, it was a direct continuation from its Roman predecessor, but played a far greater role in the defence and survival of the state than its earlier iteration. While the fleets of the Roman Empire faced few great naval threats, operat... | 2.796875 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | The Byzantine navy, like the Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire itself, continued the systems of the Roman Empire. After the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, in the absence of any external threat in the Mediterranean, the Roman navy performed mostly policing and escort duties. Massive sea battles, like those fought centuries ... | 2.8125 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | The new Vandalic Kingdom of Carthage, under the capable Geiseric (), immediately launched raids against the coasts of Italy and Greece, even sacking and plundering Rome in 455. The Vandal raids continued unabated over the next two decades, despite repeated Roman attempts to defeat them. The Western Empire was impotent,... | 2.828125 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | After seizing Cyprus in 649 and raiding Rhodes, Crete and Sicily, the young Arab navy decisively defeated the Byzantines under the personal command of Emperor Constans II (641–668) in the Battle of the Masts of 655. This catastrophic Byzantine defeat opened up the Mediterranean to the Arabs and began a centuries-long s... | 2.8125 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | The Byzantines were unable to respond effectively to the Muslim advance in Africa because the two decades between 695 and 715 were a period of great domestic turmoil. They did react with raids of their own in the East, such as the one in 709 against Egypt which captured the local admiral, but they also were aware of a ... | 2.640625 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | The Byzantines followed this up with the destruction of the North African flotillas and coupled their successes at sea with severe trading limitations imposed on Muslim traders. Given the Empire's new ability to control the waterways, this strangled Muslim maritime trade. With the collapse of the Umayyad state shortly ... | 2.5 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | The Byzantine naval predominance lasted until the early 9th century when a succession of disasters at the hands of the resurgent Muslim fleets spelled its end and inaugurated an era that would represent the zenith of Muslim ascendancy. Already in 790, the Byzantines suffered a major defeat in the Gulf of Antalya, and r... | 2.65625 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | The situation was even worse in the West. A critical blow was inflicted on the Empire in 827, as the Aghlabids began the slow conquest of Sicily, aided by the defection of the Byzantine commander Euphemios and the island's thematic fleet. In 838, the Muslims crossed over into Italy, taking Taranto and Brindisi, followe... | 2.640625 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | In the West, the Muslims continued to make steady advances, as the local Byzantine forces proved inadequate: the Empire was forced to rely on the aid of their nominal Italian subjects, and had to resort to the transfer of the eastern fleets to Italy to achieve any progress. Following the fall of Enna in 855, the Byzant... | 2.78125 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | Despite the successes under Basil, during the reign of his successor Leo VI the Wise (886–912), the Empire again faced serious threats. In the north, a war broke out against the Bulgarian Tsar Simeon, and a part of the Imperial Fleet was used in 895 to ferry an army of Magyars across the Danube to raid Bulgaria. The Bu... | 2.609375 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | The most distinguished Byzantine admiral of the period was Himerios, the . Appointed admiral in 904, he was unable to prevent the sack of Thessalonica, but he scored the first victory in 905 or 906, and in 910, he led a successful attack on Laodicea. The city was sacked and its hinterland plundered and ravaged without ... | 2.5 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | The Empire's growing might be displayed in 942, when Emperor Romanos I dispatched a squadron to the Tyrrhenian Sea. Using Greek fire, the squadron destroyed a fleet of Muslim corsairs from Fraxinetum. In 949, however, another expedition of about 100 ships, launched by Constantine VII (945–959) against the Emirate of Cr... | 2.671875 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | Throughout most of the 11th century, the Byzantine navy faced few challenges. The Muslim threat had receded, as their navies declined and relations between the Fatimids, especially, and the Empire were largely peaceful. The last Arab raid against imperial territory was recorded in 1035 in the Cyclades, and was defeated... | 2.71875 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | By the last quarter of the 11th century, the Byzantine navy was a shadow of its former self, having declined through neglect, the incompetence of its officers, and lack of funds. Kekaumenos, writing in c. 1078, laments that "on the pretext of reasonable patrols, [the Byzantine ships] are doing nothing else but ferrying... | 2.515625 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | Attempts at recovery under Alexios I and John II
At this point, the sorry state of the Byzantine fleet had dire consequences. The Norman invasion could not be forestalled, and their army seized Corfu, landed unopposed in Epirus and laid siege to Dyrrhachium, starting a decade of war which consumed the scant resources o... | 2.671875 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | Alexios inevitably realized the importance of having his own fleet, and despite his preoccupation with land operations, he took steps to re-establish the navy's strength. His efforts bore some success, especially in countering the attempts by Turkish emirs like Tzachas of Smyrna to launch fleets in the Aegean. The flee... | 2.671875 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | Naval expeditions of Manuel I
The navy enjoyed a major comeback under the ambitious emperor Manuel I Komnenos (1143–1180), who used it extensively as a powerful tool of foreign policy in his relations with the Latin and Muslim states of the Eastern Mediterranean. During the early years of his reign, the Byzantine naval... | 2.78125 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | After the death of Manuel I and the subsequent demise of the Komnenian dynasty in 1185, the navy declined swiftly. The maintenance of galleys and the upkeep of proficient crews were very expensive, and neglect led to a rapid deterioration of the fleet. Already by 1182 the Byzantines had to pay Venetian mercenaries to c... | 2.296875 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | The period also saw the rise of piracy across the Eastern Mediterranean. The pirate activity was high in the Aegean, while pirate captains frequently offering themselves as mercenaries to one or the other of the region's powers, providing for the latter a quick and cheap way of raising a fleet for particular expedition... | 2.65625 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | The Byzantine state and its fleet were thus in no state to resist the naval might of Venice, which supported the Fourth Crusade. When Alexios III and Stryphnos were alerted to the fact that the Crusade was sailing for Constantinople, only 20 "wretched and decayed" vessels could be found, according to Niketas Choniates.... | 2.71875 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | Following the recapture of Constantinople a few months later however, Michael VIII was able to focus his attention on building up his own fleet. In the early 1260s, the Byzantine navy was still weak and depended still greatly on Genoese aid. Even so, the allies were not able to stand up to Venice in a direct confrontat... | 2.6875 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | Andronikos' decision aroused considerable opposition and criticism from contemporary scholars and officials almost from the outset, and historians like Pachymeres and Nikephoros Gregoras dwell long on the disastrous long-term effects of this short-sighted decision: piracy flourished, often augmented by the crews of the... | 2.421875 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | Thus Andronikos II's successor Andronikos III Palaiologos (1328–1341), immediately after his accession, with the help of contributions from various magnates, assembled a large fleet of reportedly 105 vessels. This he personally led in the last major foray of a Byzantine navy in the Aegean, recovering Chios and Phocaea ... | 2.671875 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | Henceforth, the impoverished Byzantine state became a pawn of the great powers of the day, trying to survive by exploiting their rivalries. Thus, for instance, in 1351, Kantakouzenos was induced to side with Venice in its war with Genoa, but, abandoned by the Venetian admirals, his fleet was easily defeated by the Geno... | 2.59375 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | Under Emperor Diocletian (284–305), the navy's strength reportedly increased from 46,000 men to 64,000 men, a figure that represents the numerical peak of the late Roman navy. The Danube Fleet (Classis Histrica) with its attendant legionary flotillas is still well attested in the Notitia Dignitatum, and its increased a... | 2.4375 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | The however proved inadequate and were replaced in the early 8th century by a more complex system composed of three elements, which with minor alterations survived until the 11th century: a central imperial fleet based at Constantinople, a small number of large regional naval commands, either naval themes or independe... | 2.296875 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | Isolated regions of particular importance for the control of the major sea-lanes were covered by separate officials with the title of , who in some cases may have commanded detachments of the Imperial Fleet. Such are known for Chios, Malta, the Euboic Gulf, and possibly Vagenetia and "Bulgaria" (whose area of control ... | 2.53125 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | Palaiologan navy
Despite their efforts, the Nicaean emperors failed to successfully challenge the Venetian domination of the seas, and were forced to turn to the Genoese for aid. After regaining Constantinople in 1261 however, Michael VIII initiated a great effort to lessen this dependence by building a "national" navy... | 2.671875 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | The primary warship of the Byzantine navy until the 12th century was the dromon and other similar ship types. Apparently an evolution of the light liburnian galleys of the imperial Roman fleets, the term first appears in the late 5th century, and was commonly used for a specific kind of war-galley by the 6th. The term ... | 2.765625 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | The accepted view is that the main developments which differentiated the early dromons from the liburnians, and that henceforth characterized Mediterranean galleys, were the adoption of a full deck (), the abandonment of the rams on the bow in favour of an above-water spur, and the gradual introduction of lateen sails.... | 2.671875 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | For cargo transport, the Byzantines usually commandeered ordinary merchantmen as transport ships () or supply ships (). These appear to have been mostly sailing vessels, rather than oared. The Byzantines and Arabs also employed horse-transports (), which were either sailing ships or galleys, the latter certainly modifi... | 2.5 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | The exact period when the dromon was superseded by -derived ships of Italian origin is uncertain. The term continued in use until the late 12th century, although Byzantine writers were indiscriminate in their use of it. Contemporary Western writers used the term to denote large ships, usually transports, and there is ... | 2.578125 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | Little is known on particular Byzantine ships during the period. The accounts of the 1437 journey by sea of the Byzantine delegation to the Council of Florence, by the Byzantine cleric Sylvester Syropoulos and the Greek-Venetian captain Michael of Rhodes, mention that most of the ships were Venetian or Papal, but also ... | 2.46875 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | Naval strategy, logistics and tactics
When examining ancient and medieval naval operations, it is necessary to first understand the technological limitations of galley fleets. Galleys did not handle well in rough waters and could be swamped by waves, which would be catastrophic in the open sea; history is replete with ... | 2.796875 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | Medieval Mediterranean naval warfare was therefore essentially coastal and amphibious in nature, carried out to seize coastal territory or islands, and not to exercise "sea control" as it is understood today. Furthermore, following the abandonment of the ram, the only truly "ship-killing" weapon available prior to the ... | 2.84375 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | On the approach to and during an actual battle, a well-ordered formation was critical: if a fleet fell into disorder, its ships would be unable to lend support to each other and probably would be defeated. Fleets that failed to keep an ordered formation or that could not order themselves into an appropriate counter-for... | 2.703125 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | "Greek fire" was the name given by Western Europeans to the flammable concoction used by the Byzantines, so called because the Europeans viewed the Byzantines as Greeks instead of Romans. The Byzantines themselves used various descriptive names for it, but the most common was 'liquid fire' (). Although the use of incen... | 2.6875 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | Despite the somewhat exaggerated accounts of Byzantine writers, it was by no means a "wonder weapon", and did not avert some serious defeats. Given its limited range, and the need for a calm sea and favourable wind conditions, its usability was limited. Nevertheless, in favourable circumstances and against an unprepare... | 2.390625 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | On the other hand, the nature and limitations of the maritime technology of the age meant that the neither the Byzantines nor any of their opponents could develop a true thalassocracy. Galley fleets were confined to coastal operations, and were not able to play a truly independent role. Furthermore, as the alternation ... | 2.21875 | 0 |
2134878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20navy | Byzantine navy | It is clear nevertheless that the gradual decline of the indigenous Byzantine naval power in the 10th and 11th centuries, when it was eclipsed by the Italian city-states, chiefly Venice and later Genoa, was of great long-term significance for the fate of the Empire. The sack of the Fourth Crusade, which shattered the f... | 2.453125 | 0 |
2134889 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaza%20de%20Col%C3%B3n | Plaza de Colón | Plaza de Colón (Columbus Square, in English) is located in the encounter of Chamberí, Centro and Salamanca districts of Madrid, Spain. This plaza and its fountain commemorate the explorer Christopher Columbus, whose name in Spanish was Cristóbal Colón.
Monuments
The plaza, originally called Plaza de Santiago (St. Jam... | 2.484375 | 0 |
2134961 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alison%20Goldfrapp | Alison Goldfrapp | Alison Elizabeth Margaret Goldfrapp (born 13 May 1966) is an English musician and record producer, known as the vocalist of English electronic music duo Goldfrapp.
Early life and education
Alison Elizabeth Margaret Goldfrapp was born on 13 May 1966, in Enfield, London, the youngest of six children. Her mother, Isabel... | 2 | 0 |
2134964 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese%20holdout | Japanese holdout | On May 12, 1948, the Associated Press reported that two unnamed Japanese soldiers had surrendered to civilian policemen in Guam the day before.
On June 27, 1951, the Associated Press reported that a Japanese petty officer who surrendered on Anatahan Island in the Marianas two weeks before said that there were 18 othe... | 2.453125 | 0 |
2134964 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese%20holdout | Japanese holdout | Alleged sightings (1981–2005)
In 1981, a Diet of Japan committee mentioned newspaper reports that holdouts were still living in the forest on Vella Lavella in the Solomon Islands. However, it is believed that these were hoaxes made up to lure Japanese tourists to the islands. Searches for holdouts were conducted by the... | 2.125 | 0 |
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