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A biloma is a rare abnormal accumulation of intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile caused by traumatic or spontaneous rupture of the biliary tree1, 2). It is most commonly caused by surgery, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (ptc), percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (ptbd), and abdominal trauma11, 12). We re... |
The construct of unintended pregnancies (ups) is multifactorial and broadly encompasses pregnancies that are either unwanted or mistimed.1 in many instances, ups are likely to end by induced abortion; worldwide estimates suggest that 50% will be voluntarily terminated.2 in 2008, it was estimated that 43.8 million abort... |
Pmds is a rare form of male pseudo - hermaphroditism characterized by the presence of mullerian duct structures in an otherwise phenotypically, as well as genotypically, normal man . It is characterized by the persistence of the uterus, fallopian tubes and upper vagina in otherwise normally virilized boys . Despite the... |
Spider nevus (also known as spider angioma or vascular spider) is a common benign vascular anomaly that may appear as solitary or multiple lesions . Spider nevi are represented by telangiectases that consist of a large arteriole from which radiate numerous small vessels that resemble spider's legs . They are found in t... |
Primary hyperhidrosis is a common disease that is characterized by excessive sweating of face, palms, or axilla, occurring in 0.6 - 3% of a population (1, 2). Since kux performed endoscopic thoracic sympathetic surgery (3), it has been popular during the past few decades as the surgical treatment of choice for facial, ... |
Endometrial cancer (ec) is one of the most common gynecologic malignancies, occupying the sixth place in malignant tumor throughout the world with an increasing trend . The initial treatment of ec is comprehensive staging surgery, which consists of total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo - oophorectomy, pelvic and para ... |
Syringomyelia is the development of a fluid - filled cavity within the spinal cord . Despite different etiologies that cause syringomyelia, it is largely agreed that the alteration of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) flow dynamics plays an important role in the development of a syrinx . Known causes of syringomyelia include c... |
Approximately 30% of women have sustained at least 1 vertebral fracture by the age of 75 . These fractures are an important and common cause of morbidity in osteoporotic patients; moreover, fractures evidenced both clinically and at radiographic examination are associated with an increased mortality rate . Back pain ow... |
A 22 years old female patient was admitted to our outpatient clinic with a complaint of dyspnea for the previous three years . A right bundle branch block was detected on her electrocardiogram . In the transthorasic echocardiography (tte), a 22 mm secundum type atrial septal defect (asd), right heart dilatation and pul... |
Extracellular vesicles (evs) are a heterogeneous group of vesicles that can be subdivided based on their size, biogenesis, and molecular composition . Using the biogenesis as a classification tool, evs can be divided into three major groups, namely, exosomes, microvesicles (mvs), and apoptotic bodies [13]. Even though ... |
In march 2014, an unprecedented outbreak of ebola virus disease (evd) began in western africa that as of july 2015 is ongoing and has claimed more than 11000 lives . The current outbreak is caused by viruses belonging to the species of the zaire ebolavirus, a member of the filoviridae family . Filoviridae are enveloped... |
Pulmonary nodules and lung tumours move substantially during respiration with significant differences according to the tumour localization . Respiratory tumour motion is a big challenge for radiotherapy, especially for high precision techniques . An additional target dose escalation which is deemed necessary for a cura... |
A 21-month - old male patient, 75 cm in height and 10 kg in weight, experienced tricuspid valve regurgitation (tvr) and was scheduled to undergo tricuspid valve plasty . The tvr was discovered in a follow - up test 1 year after he had undergone ventricular septal defect repair surgery . Before tricuspid valve plasty, a... |
Neonatal period (the first 28 days after birth), which is the period of various physiological adaptations to the extrauterine life, is a vulnerable time . More than 10 million children die before the age of 5 years, 8 million of whom die before the age of 1 year and more than half of these deaths occur in the first 4 w... |
Lung cancer remains the leading type of cancer worldwide and in latin america [1, 2]. The disease burden is significantly high, with around 2.5 million new cases per year and 1.5 million deaths worldwide . The two main histological subtypes of lung cancer are small - cell lung cancer (sclc), which comprises 15% of case... |
Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (gepnets) are rare malignant neoplasm with an incidence ranging from two to five cases/100,000/yr . Because it originates from the enterochromaffin serotonin - producing cell, it has a unique feature of hormone secretion and expression of distinctive differentiation markers ... |
Subjective cognitive complaints (scc) are quite prevalent among older adults, with some estimates suggesting that between 25% and 50% of all older adults have self - perceived memory impairment [1, 2]. In clinical practice, it is often difficult to assess the veracity and severity of subjective cognitive complaints, pr... |
The 42 participating spanish hospitals were selected according to earss criteria (1,7). The total catchment population was 9 million people, or 22.5% of the spanish population . The first blood e. coli isolates obtained from each patient between 2003 and 2006 were included . Each laboratory identified the strains and t... |
A 51-year - old caucasian female was referred to our institution because of an abnormal nodule detected in her right lung . This had at first been detected four months earlier when she underwent an urgent hartmann procedure due to refractory adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon (pt4n1 stage). Due to the urgency of the s... |
Synthesis of metal nanoparticles with the help of plant extracts is an emerging field of nanotechnology, due to their novel properties, terrific applications in biomedicine and its eco - friendly nature . In recent past great efforts were made for synthesis of environment benign and eco - friendly nanoparticle from pla... |
Malakoplakia is a rare chronic inflammatory disease that occurs most commonly in the genitourinary tract, especially the urinary bladder . Most patients have associated conditions characterized by some degree of immunosuppression, as seen in solid - organ transplants, autoimmune diseases requiring steroid use, chemothe... |
Ghrelin, a 28-amino - acide peptide, is a potent stimulator of growth hormone release that has been implicated in the control of food intake and energy homeostasis in human begins and rodents [15]. Ghrelin is not secreted into the gastrointestinal tract like digestive enzymes but into blood vessels to circulate through... |
Enteric viruses are major etiologic agents of acute gastroenteritis among infants and young children worldwide . Rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus are the recognized viral causes of pediatric gastroenteritis . The world health organization (who) data showed that each child practically has viral diarrhea ... |
Alpha ()2-adrenoceptor agonists have been used as adjuvant to anesthetic agents in peri - operative period for its several beneficial actions . These drugs improve hemodynamic stability during endotracheal intubation and surgical stress by its central sympatholytic action, and thus reduce anesthetic and opioids require... |
Rkshv.219 virus is latently infected in islk.rkshv219 cell line, derived from islk cell line, as previously described by . Rkshv.219 cells were seeded at 5 10 cells into 150-mm dish (one day prior to induction). For induction of kshv reactivation, the previous medium is replaced with 1% fbs dmem media containing a fina... |
Primary pleuropulmonary synovial sarcoma (ppss) is a rare soft tissue malignancy representing only 0.1% - 0.5% of all primary lung malignancies . The frequency of cardiac metastasis from soft tissue sarcomas ranges from 3.5% to 35% with only two cases of metastatic synovial sarcoma of the heart reported: one involving ... |
The work is self - sponsored by the first author who conceptualized and designed and wrote the manuscript . The second author assisted in the surgery provided some literature review and made necessary correction which lead to the final manuscript . The ethical committee of first choice specialist hospital where the aut... |
A number of skin disorders have been described in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). Among them, secondary infections are common, but their incidence has decreased considerably following the introduction of combined therapies targeted to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). Some clinical presen... |
Hadrontherapy is an innovative form of radiotherapy, based on high - technology equipment using proton or carbon ions beams to destroy tumours [1, 2]. This treatment method enables significantly higher ballistic precision to be achieved, compared to photons (x - rays) with, as expected therapeutic benefit, an improveme... |
Type 2 diabetes continues to present a public health burden across the world, and asia is considered to be at the epicenter of this diabetes epidemic, with 60% of the disease burden borne by this region1 . The increase in diabetes prevalence across asia has been rapid, fuelled by increasing obesity, aging populations a... |
Pott's disease accounts for 50% of the cases of skeletal tuberculosis (tb), 15% of the cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (eptb) and 2% of all cases of tb.1 the diagnosis of pott's disease is mostly based on clinicoradiological observations substantiated by staining and culture methods to detect the causative organis... |
Such proteins perform many basic functions including cell signalling, transcription regulation, energy conservation and transformation, and ion exchange . Membrane proteins are difficult to study, since they are inserted into lipid bilayers and expose to the polar outer and inner environments portions of different size... |
The epstein barr virus (ebv) infects b cells . In most cases, ebv - positive patients develop a severe form of infectious mononucleosis which typically manifests with fever, tonsillopharyngitis, lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly . Deficiencies may be characterized by abnormal activity of lymphocyte function leadin... |
We used data from the hoorn study, a population - based cohort study on glucose metabolism and other cardiovascular risk factors in a general caucasian population, which has been described in detail previously (12). In brief, men and women aged 5075 years were randomly selected from the population register of the town ... |
Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer after breast and colorectal cancer and the fourth leading cause of death among women in malaysia(1 - 3). It remains to be one of the major cancers that burden worldwide particularly in under - developed and developing countries (cervical cancer incidence rate increased wi... |
According to the european society of endodontology (1994), the assessment of endodontic treatment requires clinical as well as radiological follow - ups at regular intervals . The radiographic evidence of success is the presence of a normal periodontal ligament space around the root . If radiographs reveal that a lesio... |
The neighborhood has emerged as a prominent level of analysis in studies of contextual influences on health and wellbeing in human development . This owes to the social organization of life within neighborhoods, and to the availability of data at neighborhood - like levels of analysis (i.e., census tracts). Neighborhoo... |
Cocaine and other amphetamine - like psychostimulants have been a significant part of the human pharmacopoeia for thousands of years . However, the appearance of these substances in western societies has been relatively recent, cocaine having debuted as both a local anesthetic and a psychostimulant in the 19th century ... |
The roots of zapoteca portricensis is a common remedy in the treatment gastrointestinal disorders used by tradomedical practitioners in eastern nigeria . This study was aimed at evaluating the possible antiulcer activity of the root of this plant in experimental rats . Different groups of albino rats of male sex were g... |
The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10815 - 012 - 9815-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users . The development of assisted reproductive technology (art) has recently enabled the direct observation of human oocytes, revealing various mysterious phenomena involving the be... |
Primary human schlemm's canal cell lines were grown to confluence in six - well plates (bd falcon, franklin lakes, nj, usa) containing dulbecco's modified eagle's medium (dmem; life technologies, grand island, ny, usa); 10% fetal bovine serum (mediatech, manassas, va, usa); and 1% penicillin / streptomycin (life techno... |
Single - crystalline kinked nanowires were synthesized by the nanocluster - catalyzed vls method described previously18,19 in quartz tube connected to gas manifold and vacuum pump and heated by a temperature controlled tube furnace . Monodisperse gold nanoparticles (ted pella) were dispersed on sio2/si or sapphire grow... |
Arachnoid cysts are benign, non - neoplastic and extra - axial lesions; most of them are clinically silent and unchanged in size . In previous studies112131524), the incidence of arachnoid cysts has been estimated to range between 0.3% to 1.7% . However, the advanced neuroimaging techniques have facilitated the diagnos... |
These techniques include closed reduction, percutaneous pin reduction, intramedullary pin reduction with elastic stable intramedullary nailing or kirschner - wires (k - wires), and open reduction with or without internal fixation . Our goals for treatment are to avoid incision, reduce the fracture adequately with no re... |
Cities around the world can look very different if you compare the living conditions for the residents . However, it is not only different cities that can have completely diverse standards of infrastructure and social security . Living in the slums compared to more wealthy neighbourhoods, will expose the inhabitants to... |
Inadequate blood flow to the brain, termed cerebral ischemia, will produce brain injury and a progression of pathophysiological responses associated with energy depletion that include cell swelling, cytotoxic edema, vasogenic edema and if sufficiently severe or prolonged, neuronal cell death . When brain regions are di... |
The effect of family on workforce is an important though often overlooked issue for work organizations, with implications for the morale, stability and productivity of the workforce . Presumably men and women do not shed their family roles, relationships and experiences the moment they don their work clothes . Indeed, ... |
Macroscopically, renal cell carcinomas (rccs) generally present as either solid or cystic mass . Among cystic rccs, multilocular cystic rcc represents a rare entity that was recognized in 1982, with a reported incidence of 1 - 4% of all rccs . Renal leiomyomas are benign tumors of the kidney originating from smooth mus... |
The ganoderma strains listed in table 1 were obtained from the korean collection for type culture (ktct, jeongeup, korea), the american type culture collection (atcc, rockville, md, usa), the korean agricultural culture collection (kacc, suwon, korea), the mushroom division of the rural development administration (eums... |
Successfully conducted the first simultaneous liver - kidney transplant (slkt) in 1983 on a patient with chronic kidney allograft rejection and liver cirrhosis, this procedure has become the most effective method for the treatment of combined end - stage liver disease and renal failure . The number of patients with end... |
Although dinoflagellates are best known as the notorious cause of toxic red tides, they are also important contributors to the ocean's primary production . Photosynthesis in these organisms is typically carried out in plastids surrounded by three membranes (1), an evolutionary footprint reflecting their origin through ... |
Several prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trials regarding cervical artificial disc replacement (c - adr) have been published . However, the number of c - adr patients with long - term follow - up for more than 4 years is still sparse . The purpose of this systematic review is to provide a summary of the ava... |
Zeolite is a natural porous mineral described as hydrated aluminosilicates containing exchangeable alkali and earth alkaline cations (na, k, ca, or mg) and could be synthesised from the aluminium silicate materials as clay minerals and pumice by alkali attack [13]. Zeolites have a large surface area, microporous struct... |
Surgical resection of tumors is a common therapeutic procedure, especially for early - stage localized, and potentially curative, disease . While surgery can ultimately cure many patients, such as those with early - stage disease, distant macroscopic metastasis can emerge in others months to years later (demicheli et a... |
These conditions may be life - threatening (e.g. Oral cancers) or not, progressing (caries, periodontitis, etc .) Or not, dealing with aesthetics (staining in anterior teeth such as molar incisor hypomineralisation (mih)) or pain (pulpitis, mih in posterior teeth, etc . ). Ohrqol is highly subjective and has to be asse... |
Male sprague - dawley rats (n = 24) weighing approximately 250 g were used for the study . Permission for the experimental work was obtained from the institutional animal ethics committee (767/iaec/13 dated 1 - 1 - 2014). Rats were divided into 4 equal groups and injected physiological saline (twice daily subcutaneousl... |
The direct conversion of solar energy to a chemical fuel is an essential part of future sustainable energy systems that are independent of fossil reserves . Hydrogen is an environmentally benign energy carrier of high - energy density and can be produced by photocatalytic water reduction . Platinum and other noble meta... |
Aging is part of the natural process of human development, and it brings multiple biopsychosocial changes that cause a slow and progressive deterioration of body functions that are essential to life . Among these functions that undergo important mostly irreversible changes is hearing.1 hearing loss is considered one of... |
Ameloblastomas are rare benign odontogenic tumours, most commonly found in a patient s lower jaw . Although rarely metastatic, the growth of these lesions can result in defects in the jaw easily destroying surrounding bony tissues . For this reason, the treatment is often excision of the lesion, with wide excision marg... |
Glucagonlike peptide1 (glp1), the most potent incretin hormone, stimulates glucoseinduced insulin secretion and inhibits glucagon secretion, which consequently leads to a decrease in hepatic glucose production and blood glucose levels . In addition to its ability to modulate insulin and glucagon secretion, glp1 inhibit... |
Pregnancy course was regular, except for maternal consumption of mebendazol at 5 weeks' gestation to treat a pinworm infection . Maternal history was negative for consumption of any known teratogenic class drug during the whole pregnancy . Clinical examination at birth was normal, except for complete congenital anonych... |
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (gsk-3), an evolutionarily conserved ubiquitous serine threonine kinase consisting of and isoforms, is a multifaceted protein with diverse cellular and neurophysiological functions . The main structural difference between gsk-3 and gsk-3 isoforms lies in the n- and c - terminal regions, while... |
Studies have shown the incidence of injury from squash to range from 35.5 to 80.9 per 100,000 players . Trauma to the head (including the eyes) is the most common cause of squas - related hospital presentation, comprising 48.7% of all emergency department presentations . Craniofacial and spinal fractures typically resu... |
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality in the usa and other developed countries.1 the two major forms of the disease are non - small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer, which account for 85% and 15% of all lung cancers, respectively.2 despite advances in preliminary detection and standard treatment... |
Nerve conduction studies (ncs) are an objective, quantitative, and reproducible measure of peripheral nerve function and are widely used in the diagnosis of neuropathies [1, 2]. They can be used to monitor neuropathic disease progression and the efficacy of interventions in clinical trials . However, non - uniform elec... |
This study was conducted within the north central cancer treatment group, a national cancer cooperative group that is funded in part by the national cancer institute . Questionnaire and clinical trial data from two separate cancer therapeutic trials, n9921 and these two trials recruited patients between february 2000 a... |
Port - wine stains (pwss) are congenital vascular malformations comprised of ectatic dermal capillaries and affecting 0.3 - 1% of newborn infants . Acquired pwss are an uncommon entity developing later in life, but morphologically and histologically similar to the congenital lesions . We hereby report a case of 41-year... |
Ionizing radiation is a well - known carcinogen in humans, and breast is one of the most sensitive organs to radiogenic cancer . The rate of breast cancer in postwar japan was among the lowest in the world, but breast cancer contributed a disproportionately large fraction of the radiation - related cancer burden in ato... |
Women with psychiatric diseases are treated with antipsychotic medication(s) with limited evidence to support the safety of their use during pregnancy.olanzapine, a second - generation antipsychotic, is a us food and drug administration pregnancy category c drug with no unequivocal evidence of harm to the fetus.we repo... |
Olfactory neuroblastoma (onb) is a rare malignant tumor arising from the olfactory epithelium of the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses . The anatomic origin in the superior nasal cavity leads to nonspecific symptoms that make early diagnosis difficult . Direct extension of the tumor into the anterior cranial fossa... |
Unrepaired dsbs are usually lethal for dividing cells due to the subsequent loss of the acentric fragment and the unstable break - end of the centric fragment . Dsbs can be caused enzymatically, by ionizing irradiation, or by other s phase - independent clastogens . Dsbs with only one break - end may appear when a repl... |
Is an effort to manipulate the metabolism of an organism worthy and reasonable, knowing that this cellular process has been continuously modified and refined through evolution and natural selection for adapting, in the most convenient manner, to the ongoing environmental conditions? The answer to this question seems ob... |
Network - driven spindle - like oscillations are a functional hallmark of the developing cerebral cortex . During late prenatal and early postnatal stages of development, spontaneous spindle - like oscillations have been identified as physiological activity patterns in various neocortical areas of different mammalian s... |
Atrazine, 6-chloro - n2-ethyl - n4-isopropyl-1, 3, 5 atrazine, 4-diamine, is a selective herbicide that has been extensively used in corn production to control many broad - leaf and some grassy weeds . Atrazine has long - term reproductive and endocrine - disrupting effects and a probable human carcinogen . Internation... |
Neurons, oligodendrocytes (ols), and astrocytes are unique cell types in the central nervous system (cns) of vertebrates.1 neurons process and transmit information electrochemically.2 ols generate myelin sheaths around most axons of the vertebrate cns, enabling a faster conduction of the nerve impulses . Astrocytes pro... |
Neck pain is a common musculoskeletal disorder in modern society that can produce severe pain . 67% of the population suffers from it at least once in a lifetime and the prevalence is about 23%1 . The pain exacerbates and fades periodically, and many patients do not fully recover from the symptoms2 . Neck pain occurs i... |
Data on the adult (over 20 years) population has been reported elsewhere (5). The present analysis focused on albertan youth <20 years of age . Flagged in the databases and were defined as any alberta inhabitant registered under the federal indian act and entitled to treaty status with the canadian government . The sta... |
One disability that can sufficient to interfere with activities of daily living is non - syndromic hearing loss (nshl) (1, 2). People with even mild nshl have problems hearing speech when there is background noise and identifying the sounds sources (3, 4). Nshl is the most common sensory deficit in humans, with an inci... |
Microleakage between the root canal filling and root - canal walls may adversely affects the results of root - canal treatment.1 apical leakage is considered to be common cause of endodontic failure.2 hence, different endodontic filling materials, sealers and techniques have been introduced to the dental community in a... |
Targeting type 4 phosphodiesterase (pde4) has been recognized as a promising approach to managing copd by relieving the symptoms, slowing the progress of the disease, increasing exercise tolerance, reducing exacerbation rate, and improving quality of life (giembycz 2001, 2005; mehats et al 2003; spina 2003, 2004; lagen... |
Long - acting beta-2 agonists such as salmeterol and formoterol are important controller medications in the maintenance therapy of chronic stable asthma, used as an add - on drug to inhaled corticosteroid . However, their usefulness in the management of acute attacks of asthma has recently been recognized, and they are... |
Hepatic angiomyolipoma (haml) is a rare benign mesenchymal liver tumor first described by ishak in 1976; it belongs to a group of perivascular epithelioid cell tumors called pecoma . Until date, approximately 300 cases have been reported [310]; however, its natural history has not been clarified . The tumor composed of... |
Considering the therapeutic consequences, involvement of the sentinel node by metastatic disease in breast cancer patients is of great interest to the breast surgeon in order to plan the surgical approach . Unfortunately, the physical examination of the axillae can be inaccurate in identifying pathologic lymph nodes . ... |
Since the first fontan procedure was introduced by fontan in 1971, the surgical technique has evolved and the survival rate has shown dramatic improvement . Recently, fontan surgery has been performed as an operation of the final stage for congenital heart disease with single ventricle physiology1). In fontan circulati... |
Angiomyolipoma is a benign tumor that is histologically composed of groups of mature adipose tissue intermixed with convoluted thick - walled blood vessels, interlacing bundles, and irregularly arranged sheets of smooth muscle, with the kidney as the most frequent site of involvement . Extrarenal angiomyolipoma can occ... |
In particular, osteoimmunology investigates how the immune system impacts on bone turnover in physiological and pathological conditions through the immunoskeletal interface . Researchers recently hav - egained better understanding of the dialogue between immune and bone cells and a new reading register of bone remodeli... |
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (lam) is a rare idiopathic disease that exclusively occurs in women of childbearing age, and this disease is characterized by the proliferation of abnormal smooth muscle cells in the lungs and along the thoracic and abdominal lymphatics (1 - 3). The disease primarily affects the lungs in the ma... |
Ts is a key enzyme in the de novo synthesis of dtmp, an essential precursor of dna, which catalyses the methylation of dump to dtmp . The critical role of ts in the nucleotide metabolism has made it an important target of a variety of chemotherapeutic agents including 5-fu, 5-fu prodrugs as capecitabine, and novel fola... |
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers, representing the second (males; 9%) and third (females; 8%) most prevalent cancer in the usa (1), and the third overall leading cause of cancer - related death in the western world (2). The past several decades have seen a dramatic increase in the incidence of colore... |
Nevus lipomatosus cutaneous superficialis (nlcs) was first described by hoffman and zuhrelle in 1921.1 it s a rare idiopathic hamartomatous benign condition characterized by the presence of an ectopic mature adipose tissue within the dermis . It is classified into two clinical variants: the classical form, usually comp... |
The use of chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer has opened new possibilities for improvement of the quality of life of cancer patients . Despite its success, treatment with some of the most effective anticancer drugs, the mechanism of cisplatin (cis - diamminedichloroplatinum (ii) or cddp) induced nephrotoxicity has... |
Cavernous haemangioma is the most common primary orbital tumour in adults, accounting for 6% of all orbital lesions [13]. Orbital schwannomas are benign peripheral nerve sheath tumours and constitute 1% of all orbital tumours [1, 3]. Orbital cavernous haemangiomas and schwannomas present as slow progressive enlargement... |
Gingival enlargement is a common observation in clinical practice that may occur as a result of a response to varied stimuli and/or interactions with the host and the environment . These lesions could be either localized to certain aspect of the oral cavity or generalized affecting larger areas . The possible reasons f... |
Successful management and treatment of periodontal disease depends upon simple medical procedures such as health education, prophylaxis, scaling and root - planing, gingivectomy, gingival grafts, and different types of gingival flaps . Periodontal pocket refers to the pathological increase in the depth of gingival sulc... |
Chronic kidney disease (ckd) is defined as a structural or functional kidney abnormality lasting for 3 or more months . The global prevalence of ckd is estimated to be more than 10%, and ckd has emerged as a public health problem . Adverse outcomes of ckd such as kidney failure, cardiovascular disease (cvd), and premat... |
While it is true that not all patients are able to dialyse themselves at home, it is a sad fact that many are never given the chance, despite the fact that patient choice has never been more discussed as an answer to almost any health care problem . Although studies suggest that renal physicians and nurses regard home ... |
The epstein barr virus (ebv) was described by michael anthony epstein and yvonne barr, who isolated ebv virus particles from endemic burkitt lymphoma specimens . Ebv is a double stranded dna virus of the herpes virus family and is the most common virus affecting humans . The infection occurs through oral transmission v... |
Echinococcosis or cystic hydatid disease is an endemic parasitic disease in human populations in iran and some parts of the world . It is caused by larvae stage of echinococcus granulosus (1). In the life cycle of e. granulosus, clinical treatment of cysts includes albendazole (abz) or mebendazole (mbz) therapy in comb... |
Anal carcinoma is increasingly diagnosed in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), anoreceptive intercourse, chronic inflammatory bowel disease . An established association exists with human papillomavirus (hpv) infection and premalignant intra - epithelial dysplasia . Phased - array mri is recommended as th... |
Black yeasts from the family herpotrichiellaceae (order chaetothyriales) are fungi with a remarkable dual ecology . On the one hand, they have a unique ability to adapt to extreme environments (exposure to toxic chemicals, high temperature, scarcity of nutrients, acidic, and/or dry conditions), while on the other hand,... |
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