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Lignocaine (n - diethylaminoacetyl-2,6-xylidide) was first synthesized by lofgen a swedish chemist in 1943 and was first introduced into clinical use in 1948 . Lignocaine hydrochloride (c14h22n2o.hcl) is most soluble in water and so this is most commonly used injectable solution as local anesthetic agents . The efficac... |
Coccidia are a diverse group of protozoan parasites within the phylum apicomplexa and include pathogenic species of significance to animal and human health . Atoxoplasma), primarily parasitize a single host throughout their life cycle and include important avian pathogens (mcdougald, 1998, barta et al ., 2005, berto et... |
Bacterial infections as well as the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance in human pathogens are serious public health problems in hospital and community settings across the globe . New strategies to prevent and treat bacterial infections are needed, including methods to overcome antibacterial resistance that r... |
Huntington's disease (hd) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the it-15 gene on chromosome 4, which was subsequently renamed htt . More specifically, the disease is linked to expansion of the cag repeat tract of this gene, which codes for polyglutamine repeats in the huntingtin pr... |
Because motor weakness is one of the most serious disabling sequelae of stroke, so it is important to elucidate the motor recovery mechanism for successful rehabilitation . Many studies have attempted to elucidate the motor recovery mechanism of stroke and several motor recovery mechanisms have been suggested . However... |
Colorectal cancer (crc) is one of most common cancers and leading causes of mortality in the usa, accounting for approximately 136,000 new cases and 50,000 deaths per year.1 for metastatic or unresectable crc, standard first- and second - line treatments typically involve a combination of cytotoxic chemotherapies (eg, ... |
The treatment and surgical background of gynaecomastia has history of evolution over and above 60 years . In 1928, dufourmental described a semi circular intra - areolar incision which was later documented by webster in 1946, who recognised the fact that the conspicuous scarring left by older techniques is more embarra... |
The natural history of acute myeloid leukamia (aml) is typically unfavorable with rapid progression leading to death in the absence of specific therapy . Spontaneous remission (sr) is a rare but well - documented event with hundreds of cases published to date . Despite reported cases and progress of conventional cytoge... |
Rare cancers are not rare at all . Despite the relatively low incidence of each type of cancer, rare cancers combined account for 20%-30% of cancer cases and deaths . Every year, more than 500,000 people are diagnosed with a rare form of cancer in the european union, and more than 4 million are living with the diagnosi... |
Many problems occur while we are trying to improve the quality of life and material wealth by the development of modern society . Among them, air pollution is a serious problem in western and developing countries . Long - term exposure to air pollution has a high correlation with the incidence of cardiovascular disease... |
The idea of a constitutively expressed death machinery in each cell has given way to the notion that survival factors repress this machinery and, if such factors are unavailable, cells default into death [1, 2, 3]. This theory is supported by findings showing that many forms of programmed cell death do not require mrna... |
Noise - induced hidden hearing loss (nihhl) refers to any functional impairment seen in subjects with noise exposing history but no permanent threshold shift (pts). This is different from the conventional definition of noise - induced hearing loss (nihl), which is based on changes in auditory sensitivity or threshold s... |
Total talar dislocations are uncommon injuries and usually seen following high velocity injuries . Total talar dislocations we hereby report a closed total talar dislocation in a 25 year old male without an associated fracture around ankle . A 25 year old male presented to orthopaedic causality with injury to right ank... |
They have been suggested as the main cause of time off from work, reduced school performance, and low quality of life1,2,3 . Furthermore, they have led to personal, familial and societal burdens, and significant healthcare problems globally4, 5 . The prevalence of headaches is estimated at 13% of the united states popu... |
Staphylococcus (s.) intermedius and s. pseudintermedius are both staphylococcus intermedius group (sig) members . These microorganisms are opportunistic pathogens that cause skin and nosocomial infections in dogs and cats . S. pseudintermedius is the predominant sig species in korea and until recently was misclassified... |
Increasing life expectancy has been accompanied by improvements in the health and quality of life of the middle - aged and elderly and knowing that women live one third of their lives during menopause . Apart from age, decreased well being, increased symptomatology, and natural menopause contribute to significant reduc... |
The tubularized incised plate urethroplasty (tipu) repair is the procedure of choice for distal and mid - shaft hypospadias and is increasingly being used for proximal hypospadias and redo repairs . Post - operatively, urethrocutaneous fistula is the most common complication . To decrease fistula rate, an additional ti... |
Premenstrual syndrome (pms) is a common disorder of young and middle - aged women, characterized by emotional and physical symptoms that consistently recur in a cyclic manner during the luteal phase of the ms and typically abate by menopause . The symptoms which exacerbate during the premenstrual period may be present ... |
Benign neoplasms of the salivary glands are frequently encountered in dental practice . These account for 3% of the tumors involving the head and neck . The majority of them occur in the parotid gland, and 80% of them are benign . Of these benign neoplasms, 50 - 80% are pleomorphic adenomas and 5 - 20% are warthin's tu... |
Patients with diabetes are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease (cvd) compared to normoglycemic controls.1 several additional factors may be associated with this increased risk, including persistent hyperglycemia, untreated hypertension, and dyslipidemia characterized by raised serum... |
Approximately 95% occur in the neck and axilla, while the remaining 5% are found in the chest and abdomen . Lymphangiomas of the abdomen are rare (accounting for 1 per 100,000 hospital admissions), but have been reported in the mesentery, retroperitoneum, gastrointestinal tract and intra - abdominal solid viscera . The... |
Broomrapes (orobanche spp .) Are fully parasitic flowering plants that lack chlorophyll; hence they penetrate roots of susceptible hosts, removing water, minerals and sugars . (egyptian broomrape) attacks dicotyledonous crops cultivated around the mediterranean, causing massive yield losses . Broomrape attached to the ... |
Isotopic signatures of environmental plutonium are generally used to assess the origin of the material . While decay counting is restricted to pu, pu, and pu, all mass spectrometric methods can in principle detect the isotopes pu (t1/2 = 24.1 ka), pu (6.65 ka), pu (14.4 a), pu (373 ka), and pu (80.8 ma). However, there... |
Since the introduction of tooth whitening by haywood and heymann in 1989, this trend is getting more popular . There are a few types of bleaching methods, but all of them share a common principle of the decomposition of peroxides from hydrogen peroxide or its compounds such as carbamide peroxide (cp) into unstable free... |
Penile squamous cell carcinoma (pscc), the predominant histological type (> 95%) of penile cancer, is a relatively rare malignant tumor in western countries and japan . Pscc is a rare disease, making it difficult to establish a standard of care in any of the clinical stages, particularly in advanced disease . Multimoda... |
The majority of women living with hiv are in their reproductive years (ages 1549) [1, 2]. The dramatic decrease in the risk of mother - to - child hiv transmission (mtct) is leading to normality in the lives of couples affected by hiv, who want own children . In europe, the reduction in mtct to less than 1% is mainly d... |
Diabetes mellitus is a global health problem and an important cause of mortality and morbidity in many countries . The trend of increasing diabetes prevalence seems to prevail among developing countries . In brazil, diabetes affected 11.3 million people in 2011, and this number is likely to triple by 2030 . Estimates s... |
Natural killer t (nkt) cells are innate - like lymphocytes typified by coexpression of receptors characteristic of natural killer and conventional t cells . As such, murine nkt cells generally bear ly49 receptors, nkg2 family of receptors, cd94, and nk1.1 (the latter only being expressed in specific strains, including ... |
As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors . Such materials are peer reviewed and may be reorganized for online delivery, but are not copyedited or typeset . Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should ... |
Clinicians rely on patients recall of their symptoms to adjust therapies and monitor responses, but the accuracy of patients recall, particularly between clinic visits, is poor.1 patients recall recent symptoms more clearly than earlier, more remote symptoms, and more severe symptoms more clearly than mild symptoms.2 r... |
The vast majority of cancers in the oral cavity and in the head and neck are squamous cell carcinomas (sccs). It is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, and its incidence is rising in industrialized nations [1, 2]. Similarly, other benign lesions of the oral cavity such as lichen planus may have a prevalence of 0.52... |
The first historical study of quality assessment in the medical field was reported by ernest amory codman, md, of massachusetts general hospital in 1920 . To support his end results theory, he made public the results of the review of his own hospital in a privately published book, a study in hospital efficiency, in whi... |
Migraine is a disabling neurological disorder considered by the world health organization as the 19th leading cause of all years lived with disability among both males and females of all ages, and as the 12th leading cause of years lived with disability among females of all ages . Apart from pain, the disability caused... |
My experience in state government has been that after natural or manmade point - source disasters, a governor reflexively turns to the office of emergency management, the department of public safety (or homeland security), or the national guard for advice and counsel . The staffs of these agencies, however, have neithe... |
The name of mucosa - associated lymphoid tissue (malt) lymphoma was first established in 1983 by isaacson and du . From the beginning, it was adopted well and is still used in an unchanged form . Marginal zone lymphoma of malt is, apart from diffuse large b - cell lymphoma, the most frequent type of lymphoma that occur... |
Airprom: airway disease, predicting outcomes through patient specific computational modeling (fp7); bioshare - eu: biobank standardization and harmonization for research excellence in the european union (fp7); ict: information communication technology; medall: mechanisms of the development of allergy (fp7); naepp - epr... |
The adventitia is more than just the outermost layer of the artery; it is now known to play a critical role in vascular remodeling and other important processes of the artery [13]. Recent attention to the role of the adventitia in vascular remodeling has increased reporting of common carotid artery interadventitial dia... |
Prostate cancer (pca) is the most common solid organ malignancy in american men with global statistics mirroring those found in the united states . Screening with prostate specific antigen (psa) has resulted in a significant stage migration such that the majority of new cases of pca are now detected while the disease i... |
Neurofibromatosis type-1 (nf-1) is a multisystem, autosomal dominant disorder of peripheral nerves affecting nearly 1/3000 individuals worldwide.1 it was first described by a german pathologist, friedrich daniel von recklinghausen . Inherited or spontaneous mutation of the neurofibromin gene located on chromosome 17 is... |
Ramus can be used to differentiate between male and female strongly expresses univariate sexual dimorphism . When skeletal sex determination is considered, metric analyses on the radiographs are often found to be of superior value owing to their objectivity, accuracy, and reproducibility . After both of these bony area... |
They form an integral part of indian diet, especially for those who have type 2 diabetes for whom white rice is considered less desirable because of its high gi . Chapattis and other flatbreads are popular in europe also where they form a part of daily diet among members of ethnic minority groups who follow traditional... |
Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy leading to permanent visual loss that is often associated with elevated intraocular pressure (iop). Primary open - angle glaucoma (poag) is the most common type of glaucoma . Normal tension glaucoma (ntg) is an important subset of poag; while many poag patients have high iop,1... |
Recently, a single center study conducted by oiva and coworkers and published in critical care demonstrated that phospho - specific whole blood flow cytometry could be used to assess activated signaling path - ways in leukocytes isolated from pancreatitis patients . Pancreatitis is an inflammatory process in which panc... |
These misconceptions have a significant influence on the day - to - day life including the search for treatment in times of illness . A number of studies have reported that misconceptions and inadequate knowledge present significant barriers to effective management of diabetes . It is imperative for physicians to under... |
Thoracic injury can result in a wide range of clinical manifestations depending on the structures involved like chest wall, diaphragm, mediastinum, trachea, lungs parenchyma etc . The non penetrating trauma to the lungs manifests as contusions, lacerations of pulmonary parenchyma, pneumatocele formation, hematomas, and... |
. However, cerebral phaeohyphomycosis (cp) caused by darkly pigmented fungi appears to be a common exception to this rule because about one - half of this fungal infection occurred in patients with no underlying disease or risk factors . Cp is a very rare cause of brain abscess, but is often a fatal disease regardless ... |
Cephalopelvic disproportion (cpd) in labour occurs when there is a mismatch between the size of the fetus and the dimensions of the maternal pelvis . The factors which mainly influence the outcome of the delivery can be summarised as the three ps of the labour: passageway, passenger, and power of the uterus . The passa... |
A close relationship between tmj and structures of the middle ear110 has been explained by the presence of the anterior mallear ligament (aml), the sphenomandibular ligament (sml) and the discomallear ligament (dml).2,3,8,1113 in the past, aml was accepted as an initial ligament lying between the middle ear and articul... |
A key issue in biomedicine and biotechnology is to control processes in cells with the highest specificity without unwanted side effects of the intervening agents . Gene transcription is universally controlled by structural elements within the gene, cisacting regulatory elements, which specifically bind transcription f... |
Visfatin, also known as nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (nampt) as well as pre - b - cell colony - enhancing factor, is a multifaceted protein with suggested enzymatic, immunological, and metabolic properties . Visfatin has been analyzed in hypo- and hyperthyroidism in in vitro and in vivo studies, but results a... |
Diastolic heart failure (dhf) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the symptoms and signs of heart failure, a preserved ejection fraction and abnormal diastolic function . The percentage of patients with dhf in epidemiological studies ranges from 4071% (mean 56%), but in hospital - based cohort studies it is slightl... |
Helicobacter pylori is a stomach bacterium that colonizes ~50% of people globally.1 h. pylori is the primary risk factor for gastric cancer the third highest cause of global cancer morbidity.2 h. pylori infection rates are highly dependent on socioeconomic status; ~80% of those living in low socioeconomic areas of lati... |
Using in vivo time - lapse confocal and two - photon imaging of the visual center optic tectum in living larval zebrafish, we first monitored changes in the morphology of microglia under resting state . Similar to the typical morphological properties of resting microglia in the mouse cortex, resting microglia in zebraf... |
Lung cancer is prevalent worldwide, accounting for 1.6 million new cases and 1.4 cancer - related deaths in 2008 . Histologically, lung cancer can be divided into non - small cell lung cancer (nslcl) and small cell lung cancer, and the former accounts for approximately 80% of all lung cancer cases . Nsclc is most often... |
A 50-year - old male (182.9 cm, 78.5 kg) was scheduled for arthroscopic debridement of the left shoulder . The patient had a history of old pulmonary tuberculosis and tb pleurisy (20 years ago) and had no previous surgeries . His mallampati class was 2 and he had been npo for more than 8 hours . 1) showed a lesion susp... |
Bladder cancer (bc) is the ninth most common malignancy in the united states with 74,000 new cases and 16,000 deaths estimated for 2015 . Since radical cystectomy (rc) is the standard treatment for clinically localized muscle - invasive bladder cancer many patients undergo surgery with curative intention . Unfortunatel... |
Chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) is characterized by severe inflammation of the sinus mucosa leading to blockage of the nasal passageway and the accumulation of mucus and pathogens in the nose and paranasal sinuses [1, 2]. Crs affects around 1.9 million australians and puts a large financial burden on health care systems .... |
Splenic pseudoaneurysms (spa) are a serious sequela of blunt traumatic injury to the spleen . They are very rare with fewer than 200 cases reported in english literature in 2006 and their incidence is virtually unknown . Spa have a high risk of rupture and have been reported to be fatal if left untreated in adults . In... |
Transitions in care are arguably one of the most important and challenging safety issues in healthcare today . Transitions in care involve the transfer of duties and accountabilities from one person, or group of people, to others . Transitions are a complex business that require a high degree of context - specific coor... |
Positron emission tomography - computed tomography is useful for diagnosing primary and metastatic lesions of esophageal cancer . The sensitivity and specificity of a pet / ct are also relatively preferable to other diagnostic imaging tools . Although the number of cases is few, false positives exist in which an inflam... |
Class ii malocclusion can be appraised as skeletal and dental class ii.1 the treatment of skeletal class ii malocclusion in non - growing individuals involves either surgical correction of the jaw abnormality, or orthodontic camouflage which usually requires the extraction of premolars or distal movement of the maxilla... |
Acute liver failure (alf) is a rare but life - threatening illness which occurs mostly in young adults without any known underlying liver disease [1, 2]. In the united states, the most common cause of alf is acetaminophen overdose (39%) but in 13% of cases, the causes are indeterminate . Epstein - barr virus (ebv) is a... |
Cranial nerves were composed of two different histological portions, glial and non - glial portion . The transitional zone refers to the junction between glial portion and the non - glial peripheral portion . The most outer layer of brain cortex is coated by pia glial membrane called glial limiting membrane or glial li... |
Falls are both common and debilitating in patients with parkinson's disease (pd). They have devastating consequences for affected individuals, often leading to injuries, secondary immobility, and reduced quality of life . Survival is reduced once falls have occurred, although a recent report failed to identify a relati... |
Prostate cancer (pca) is one of the major causes of cancer death in men worldwide . The molecular basis of the disease involves an irregular behavior of the functions mediated by the androgen receptor (ar). Human ar belongs to the nuclear receptor (nr) superfamily of transcription factors, which regulate gene transcrip... |
During the last years tyrosine kinase inhibitors (tkis) have changed the natural history of metastatic non - small - cell lung cancer (nsclc) harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) mutations . Eight important studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of tkis on advanced nsclc in compar... |
Tetralogy of fallot (tof) accounts for approximately 5% to 7% of all cases of congenital heart disease . Complications related to surgical repair of tof are clinically relevant and include pulmonary regurgitation, residual obstruction of the right ventricular (rv) outflow tract, rv systolic dysfunction, and arrhythmias... |
Pregnancy - associated plasma protein - a (papp - a) is a metzincin metalloproteinase primarily produced by the placental syncytiotrophoblast during pregnancy . Papp - a is also synthesized by fibroblasts, osteoblasts, vascular smooth muscle cells (vsmcs), and endothelial cells (ecs). In vitro, papp - a functions to cl... |
There is an increasing interest in the study of the consultation process and patients' satisfaction with it . The core activity in primary care is the consultation irrespective of whether patients consult for cure, services, counseling, prevention, or care . A widely accepted model views the consultation as a dialogue ... |
Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory intra - abdominal process, which in approximately 1520% of patients presents in a severe form, with a gradual establishment of multiple organ dysfunction or local complications, including necrosis, pseudocyst, and abscess . Severe acute pancreatitis is a condition associated with h... |
Periodontal health can be described as a dynamic state where the activity of proinflammatory / antimicrobial cytokines to control infection is optimally balanced by anti - inflammatory mechanisms to prevent unwarranted inflammation . In subjects susceptible to periodontal disease (pd), an imbalance of the inflammatory ... |
We analyzed information about 634 immigrants from latin america seen at the tropical medicine unit of the ramn y cajal hospital in madrid, spain, during april 1989june 2008 . We used 5 strict criteria for diagnosing vlm: 1) positive serologic test for toxocara sp . Roundworm infection, performed by using a commercial e... |
Although lbp has generally been believed to be uncommon before the age of 20, the prevalence of lbp among school children and adolescents has been reported to be high in different parts of the world, mostly in western countries, where it varies from 1040% . The nhanes ii (national health and nutrition examination surve... |
This study was developed and approved by the steering committee of the translating research into action for diabetes (triad) study and conducted in one of triad's six translational research centers, kpnc . Kpnc is a group practice, prepaid health plan that provides comprehensive medical services through 17 hospitals an... |
Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are central events in cell recognition of external and internal signals, leading to specific responses . While protein kinases transfer a phosphate group from atp to a protein (i.e., phosphorylate), protein phosphatases catalyze the removal of phosphate groups from specific... |
During the recent decade, a number of researchers have described the growing psychosocial risk factors for coronary heart disease (chd), which include depression, anxiety, stress, and alexithymia that decrease the health - related quality of life and protective factors such as social support . Studies carried out inter... |
Tumor - induced osteomalacia (tio) is a rare paraneoplastic disease in which causative tumor (generally of mesenchymal origin) gives rise to an oncogenic osteomalacial syndrome, whose underlying pathogenetic mechanism is related to the tumor s production of a phosphaturic factor that reduces the renal reabsorption of p... |
Human neurocysticercosis (ncc) is caused by larval stage of zoonotic tapeworm taenia solium (pork tapeworm) which remains a major public health problem in developing and some developed countries . Porcine cysticercosis is the cause of human taeniasis and neurocysticercosis is a consequence of taeniasis . Based on the a... |
Organized by nei dan school, european school of taiji quan and by the tao and science studies centre, under the aegis of the provincia di bologna and the partnership of asi (alleanza sportiva italiana) and luni editrice . Goodwill of the conference is to act as a starting point to develop a net of experts, doctors and ... |
Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of mortality in dialysis patients that is responsible for about 60% of their mortality and is also 30 times more common than in general population . Different cardiovascular disorders, such as left ventricular hypertrophy (lvh), coronary artery diseases, congestive heart ... |
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition of the airways, characterized by limited airflow and punctuated by acute symptoms related to hyperresponsiveness to a variety of triggers, such as allergens or fumes (1). Chronic inflammation of the airways can lead to persistent alterations in airway structure, including sub ... |
From november 2008 through may 2010, m. tuberculosis isolates were cultured during routine care of adults> 18 years of age with primary tb and no history of treatment . The patients were from 2 regional referral centers, the irkutsk regional tb - prevention dispensary and the research practice center for phthisiatry (y... |
Studies over the past four decades have shown that 3.9%-16% of patients with pancreatic cancer (paca) have a family history of the disease, which is referred to as familial pancreatic cancer (fpc). Fpc describes families with at least two first - degree relatives with confirmed exocrine paca that do not fulfil the crit... |
The earliest mammals were shrew - like creatures who could search for food and hide in places that were too cool and dark for many of their lizard contemporaries (1). In addition to being warm blooded, mammals also were adept at performing adaptive thermogenesis, giving them the ability to further increase their metabo... |
In a recent issue of critical care, meyer and colleagues report interesting surveillance data from icus in 30 german hospitals, based on a large amount of microbiology and pharmacy data gathered between 2001 and 2008 . One of the main study findings is a decreasing rate of methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus ... |
Primary malignant tumors of the hypopharynx are predominantly squamous cell carcinomas (sqccs), as primary small - cell carcinoma (smcc) of the hypopharynx is rare . Combined primary smcc and sqcc of the hypopharynx, referred to as composite tumor of the hypopharynx, is even more rare, with only 3 cases previously repo... |
Cells and viruses: bovine testicle (bt) cells were grown in eagle s minimum essential medium (emem) (nissui pharmaceutical, tokyo, japan) supplemented with 0.295% tryptose phosphate broth (tpb) (becton dickinson, san jose, ca, u.s.a .) And 5% fetal bovine serum (fbs) (mitsubishi chemical, tokyo, japan). Bovine kidney c... |
In central and northern europe as well as in north america a significant proportion of patients who suffer from birch pollen allergy develop intolerance to certain kinds of fruits and vegetables . Such birch pollen - related food allergies are the result of initial sensitization to the major birch pollen allergen, bet ... |
Head and neck oncological resections may result in composite oro - mandibular defects involving the oral mucosa (lining), mandibular bone and the skin (cover). Anatomically, the fibula bone has a triangular cross section, it has a lateral surface where peroneal muscles are attached, this is a broad flat surface and is ... |
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (mtle - hs) is the most common type of partial or localization - related seizure disorder in humans . Mesial temporal sclerosis (mts) with prominent neuronal loss and gliosis in the hippocampus is the most common pathology in temporal lobe epilepsy (tle). Althoug... |
The presence of high levels of dental anxiety amongst dental care seekers yielded patients with negative attitudes towards dental treatment and rendered dental treatment more difficult to accomplish successfully4,16 . Assessment of anxiety in such patients is a crucial factor for the success of their management . Avoid... |
Toxic epidermal necrolysis (ten) is a rare life threatening idiosyncratic mucocutaneous drug reaction characterized by widespread epidermal necrosis followed by epidermal detachment . Drug - induced ten is the commonest cause and antiepileptics, antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drugs (nsaids) and allopurin... |
After hyping deep - etch electron microscopy (em) for my whole career (heuser, 2011), i'll take this invitation to write an ascb award essay to talk it up some more! Replicas are not only impervious to beam damage in the electron microscope, forever the big problem, because the electron beam heats up the sample so terr... |
In women, cervical cancer is the second most common malignant tumor worldwide and is one of the leading causes of cancer - related death in developing countries . Although the incidence of cervical cancer is generally decreasing, it is still a serious public health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries,... |
Pycnodysostosis was first reported in 1923 by montanari, and he called it as atypical achondroplasia . The main characteristics are short stature, cranial dysplasia, increased bone density and fragility . Other clinical features include open cranial sutures, hypoplastic paranasal sinuses, dysplastic lateral clavicle, s... |
The accumulation of metals in the environment, stemming from their origination in the earth's crust, as well as from anthropogenic sources, creates the potential for significant human exposures and subsequent health hazards . Deleterious metal - induced health effects, including carcinogenesis and neurodegeneration, ha... |
Obesity is a complex heterogeneous disease that is caused by genes, environmental factors, and the interaction between the two . Obesity is also a multifactorial condition, and many endocrine and inflammatory pathways are involved in its development and in obesity - related diseases . Excess weight in obesity may come ... |
The basic concept of this technique is maintaining phase information into the final image, discarding phase artefacts and keeping just the local phase of interest . Sensitivity to susceptibility effects increases, progressing from fast spin - echo (se) to conventional se to gradient - echo (ge) sequences, from t2-weigh... |
Shallots (wild garlic / osghordion) with the scientific name of allium hertifolium, is one of the most famous plants from the alliaceae family . For a long time, shallots have been used as a source of food and medicine in iran . The active ingredients of the plant could be referred to agapentagenin, allicin, omega-3, o... |
Multiple sclerosis (ms) is a chronic idiopathic disorder of the central nervous system (cns) sustained by a multifocal inflammatory process predominantly affecting myelin - sheathed axons . Although traditionally viewed as a white matter (wm) demyelinating disorder, ms is characterized by acute and chronic axonal and n... |
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