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Anaesthesiology today is a vast speciality in medical science with its subspecialties ranging from perioperative patient care to critical care, trauma care, pain management and palliative care . Choosing a career is a complex exercise and maybe influenced by several intrinsic and extrinsic factors . The subject has vit... |
Pregnancy - associated breast cancer (pabc), which occurs during pregnancy or within one year of delivery, is the second most common cancer in pregnant women 1 - 3 . A normal full - term pregnancy is believed to be one of the most effective means to decrease the lifetime - risk of breast cancer, whereas pabc is associa... |
A 16-year - old boy visited to our neurology clinic with a 12-month history of a clicking noise in the both ears and palatal discomfort . The clicking resembled the sound of snapping fingernails and was externally audible at a distance of 50 cm . He denied any voluntary control over this movement as well as any sensati... |
The list is based on the data available at genomenet web site http://www.genome.jp/. Click here for additional data file. |
Service user involvement (sui) is emphasized in many strategies, plans, and declarations . It is a recognized value in social work and in health care, yet in practice, sui is not always achieved [13]. There is a dissonance between the philosophies of sui and the existence of these philosophies in the reality of mental ... |
A 54 year - old - man, presented with multiple, small, well- defined, gray - brown, papules and small papillomatous patches located on his penis, which had appeared over the last year (figure 1). Genital warts, lichen planus, a verrucous nevus and bp were suspected among our clinical diagnosis . The dermoscopy revealed... |
Peripheral artery disease (pad) is a highly prevalent medical condition, and it is associated with high prevalence of coexisting vascular diseases in the coronary, cerebral, and renal arteries [2, 3]. Many patients with pad are physically limited by ambulatory leg pain [7, 8], resulting in baseline ambulatory and physi... |
Alzheimer's disease (ad) is a degenerative disorder of the human central nervous system (cns). Its clinical and neuropathological features are defined by a progressive loss of cognitive function and by the onset of a slowly progressive impairment of memory during mid- to late - adult life . The neuropathological hallma... |
Megaloblastic anemia is an important morbidity in children and adolescents especially in developing countries and with poor socioeconomic status . Imerslund grasbeck syndrome (igs) is a rare autosomal recessive megaloblastic anemia characterized by selective vitamin (vit) b12 deficiency and asymptomatic proteinuria . I... |
The interplay and architecture of genetic, epigenetic, and environment - induced changes in the dna sequences contribute to large phenotypic variations . The post - human genome era, embarked on several major international projects and subsequently their databases such as human genome project, genome wide association s... |
The pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) seems to involve disturbances at many levels of the so - called gut - brain axis.1 recent research has emphasized the role of food in abdominal symptom generation,2 in particular low - digestible carbohydrates.3 our group has previously shown that the ingestion of t... |
However, the style of the application may induce both allergic and photoallergic contact dermatitis from the nsaids and their ingredients . We describe a case of allergic contact dermatitis with diffuse erythematous reaction caused by allergic sensitivity to a component, diisopropanolamine, of a compress used by the pa... |
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph) is one of the most frequently occurring urologic diseases in men older than 50 . The bladder outlet obstruction causes a variety of urinary symptoms including nocturia, incomplete voiding, urgency, and hesitancy and comes to the fore as a significant health problem interrupting the qu... |
Chronic prostatitis / chronic pelvic pain syndrome (cp / cpps) is a common male chronic pain condition . Its prevalence ranges from 9 to 16% worldwide and from 5 to 25% in korea [1 - 3]. Cp / cpps presents with various voiding symptoms, perineal or suprapubic pain, erectile dysfunction or sexual disturbance, and psycho... |
Serotonin syndrome is a potentially life - threatening condition caused by excessive serotonergic activity in the central nervous system . It is characterized by mental status changes (eg, confusion, agitation, lethargy, coma), autonomic instability (eg, hyperthermia, tachycardia, diaphoresis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhe... |
Size and geography of airborne tungsten particles collected in fallon, nevada, and sweet home, oregon (figure 1), were compared as part of ongoing research on the cooccurrence of airborne tungsten and a cluster of childhood leukemia in fallon . Fallon experienced a cluster of childhood leukemia beginning in 1997, with ... |
In spite of the availability of antimicrobial agents, pneumonia constitutes the sixth most common cause of death and the number one cause of death from infection . Pneumonia can be particularly life - threatening in the elderly, patients with pre - existing cardiac or pulmonary conditions, in immunocompromised individu... |
Torsion of uterine adnexa is an important cause of acute abdominal pain reported in the literature.1 however, isolated torsion of fimbrial cysts has rarely been described as a cause for acute abdomen.23 we report a rare case of isolated torsion of fimbrial cysts leading to acute abdomen . A 22-yr - old female presented... |
The global prevalence of colorectal cancer is increasing, and the incidence in south korea is rapidly increasing owing to a westernized diet . Colon carcinogenesis occurs through either the adenoma - carcinoma sequence or a de novo pathway . It is known that over two - thirds of colorectal cancer cases develop from ade... |
Evaluation of radiation dose distribution is essential in radiation therapy . Due to the existence of a high - dose gradient region with variations of dose up to 30% per centimeter in the two - dimensional dose distribution, the evaluation of dose delivery is more complicated . In order to cope with this problem, the g... |
Ethics is the philosophy of investigating, through analytical thinking, the values at the basis of relations between humans and the characteristics of the moral terms of good / bad and right / wrong . This characteristic of analytical thinking distinguishes ethics from morals: ethics refers to a system of thought, whil... |
The natural pyrethrin insecticides have the desirable environmental properties of being both non - toxic to mammals and non - persistent . Chrysanthemic acid [2, 2-dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)] is one of the products from pyrethrin photodecomposition and is widely used as the acidic part of synthetic pyrethroidin i... |
Working memory (wm) dysfunctions can be found among the difficulties that appear in the functioning of the memory of patients with alzheimer disease (ad). Although there are several models of wm, the model proposed by baddeley and hitch [2, 3] is one of the most used in the neuropsychological research of cognitive agin... |
Studies on ageing, particularly risk factors that may engender social isolation amongst the elderly population in zambia, are almost nonexistent currently . In fact, very little has been written on ageing in zambia in general . While it is true that some studies have been conducted [15] by cliggert none of such studies... |
Brain tumours are intracranial neoplasms located in the brain and meninges (excluding haematopoietic malignancies occurring in the brain) and they account for approximately 1.4% of all cancers [1, 2]. The incidence of brain and central nervous system tumours worldwide in 2008 was 237,913 new reported cases and is proje... |
Accurate and reliable measurements of clinical features of electrocardiogram (ecg) signal are most important for effective diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases . In practice, ecg signals are mostly corrupted with different kinds of noise and artefacts such as baseline wander (bw), power - line interference (pli), and m... |
The interplay between nutrition and physical activity is as frequently misunderstood as the relationship between industrialization and global climate; most people tend to either underemphasize (as long as i get enough exercise i can eat whatever i want) or overemphasize (each mouthful of food must conform to rigid requ... |
Good photochemical properties, chemical stability, and ease of synthesis make coumarins an important class of fluorescent probes for biological studies . In addition to being versatile fluorophores, coumarin chromophores can be used as light - removable protecting groups, so - called caging groups . Caged molecules hav... |
The prevalence in patients under cesarean section (c / s) is 80 - 90% . Hypotension causes unpleasant symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, unconsciousness, respiratory depression, and cardiac arrest in mothers . In severe and prolonged conditions, it leads to the impairment of uterine perfusion and ultimately fetal acido... |
Metabolic syndrome is a wellestablished risk factor for cardiovascular disease (cvd), including coronary artery disease and heart failure.1 alterations in metabolic risk linked to cvd may develop over decades before clinical cvd.2, 3, 4, 5 prior work in large, communitybased populations have defined a role for early, c... |
The actin cytoskeleton plays an essential role in numerous aspects of cell biology such as cell adhesion, cell morphology, cytokinesis, and migration . Cell migration machinery is regulated by signaling intermediates that can be activated by diverse stimuli and that can exert control over a large number of downstream t... |
Disorders of voice (dysphonia) and speech production (dysarthria) can be related to developmental issues, neuro - degeneration, structural defects, and/or advanced aging . Neurodegeneration related to disease and aging causes significant negative changes to vocal production and thus affects communication ability and qu... |
Limitations regarding the volume and geometry of the alveolar bone are common in the posterior maxilla and mandible at the time of rehabilitation with dental implants . Thus, the use of short implants has been considered a therapeutic alternative in cases of unavailable bone height, since short implants adapt to the re... |
Levobupivacaine, ropivacaine, and mepivacaine are aminoamide local anesthetics that belong to the n - alkyl - substituted pipecholyl xylidine family . Addition of carbon to the basic structure of the n - alkyl - substituted pipecholyl xylidine increases lipid solubility and potency [2, 3]. Levobupivacaine, ropivacaine,... |
In pursuit of large - scale evolutionary questions, biologists are increasingly using massive phylogenetic datasets to reconstruct evergrowing portions of the tree of life . These large phylogenetic trees are commonly inferred using a supermatrix approach, in which multiple datasets are combined and analyzed simultaneo... |
The ingestion of foreign bodies (fb) is a common problem worldwide and affects all ages, however it is particularly important in the pediatric population and in mentally impaired adults, . Commonly ingested fb include medication packaging, dentures, coins and fish and chicken bones, amongst others . The typical outcome... |
Amyloidosis is rare disease of difficult diagnosis that occurs due accumulation of amyloid substance localized or systemic . On the localized form a single organ is affected, and the most common sites are lungs, brain, and skin . On the systemic form, many organs may be affected, leading to significant morbidity and mo... |
Seizure freedom is the mainstay therapeutic goal of patients with epilepsy since repetitive seizures are associated with an increased risk of intellectual disabilities, mortality, and other comorbidities . The patient is a 5-year - old girl from costa rica who came to our hospital, a high complexity hospital in bogot, ... |
Gender bias in different types of congenital defects is well know . A significant bias in sex ratio has been documented for congenital heart disease with several lesions occurring more frequently in males or in females.12 this difference may be related to differences in hormonal constitution . It has been proposed that... |
High resolution x - ray computed tomography (xct) has gained considerably in importance and acceptance for the examination and 3d - characterization of materials and industrial specimens in recent years [110]. Xct systems with cone beam geometry with a -focus or a nano - focus x - ray tube in combination with a high sp... |
Rodents were captured at three sites near the riverside - orange county line: the bear canyon trailhead (riverside county: 3336.7n, 11725.5w), el cariso #1 (orange county: 3339.8n, 11725.1w), and el cariso #2 (orange county: 3339.8n, 11725.7w). The rodent fauna in the study area included the dusky - footed woodrat (neo... |
We thank nih national institute of neurological disorders and stroke (ninds) r01ns085214 and fred hutchinson cancer research center (fhcrc) new development grant for financial support. |
Topical gels are intended to be applied with pressure or stress for uniform application on the skin or any other target area . In this regard, the evaluation of the mechanical behavior of nanodroplet gel (ndg), equipped as a novel biomaterial for topical delivery of eugenol against inflammation, is extremely significan... |
If animal models are new, and reflect the disease state better, then they may allow different compounds to be selected if final compound selection is performed in the disease model . Thus very different, compounds will be chosen for drug development . The disease state may change the kinetics of receptor interactions o... |
The success rate of eswl in the treatment of ureteral stones is about 80 to 90% . Some patients whose stones may not be fragmented by repeated eswl will require other surgical interventions . The success rate is influenced by stone factors (stone size, location, composition, degree of obstruction), clinical factors (sy... |
Soil - transmitted helminths (sth) or geohelminths infect more than 2 billion people worldwide, especially in developing countries located in tropical and subtropical regions . The most prevalent species are ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm), trichuris trichiura (whipworm), and hookworms (necator americanus and ancylost... |
Several randomized trials have demonstrated that breast - conserving surgery followed by radiation therapy, which is called breast - conserving therapy (bct), is as effective as mastectomy and should be a standard treatment for early - stage breast cancer . Recently, there has been an increase in reports of angiosarcom... |
Hemoglobin a1c (hba1c) is the gold standard for the measurement of long - range glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus . Many studies have reported diabetes mellitus to be a risk factor in patients with alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld) for the development of fibrosis and... |
Complete surgical resection is the only curative treatment for pdac . However, survival rates after curative resection are still less than 20% [2, 3]. Local recurrence in the remnant pancreas, multiple liver metastases, and peritoneal dissemination frequently occur even after curative resection . The chance of repeated... |
It is clear that while oxygen is essential for life in order to produce chemical energy in the form of atp, paradoxically, the byproduct of its metabolism generates multiple reactive oxygen species (ros) that are associated with cellular toxicity . Specifically, in regards to neurodegeneration, there is substantial evi... |
Germline mutations in brca1 gene are transmitted in an autosomal dominant manner with high penetrance, which predisposes individuals to breast and ovarian cancer . The carrier frequency in general populations ranges between 1/40 and 1/800 and depends on founder effect specific for distinct populations . In poland, the ... |
Approximately 43,000 new cases of head and neck cancer (hnc) are diagnosed each year in the united states . Despite changes in treatment regimens (i.e., organ preservation protocols and the addition of chemotherapy to primary radiation treatment), setting, there has been an increasing interest in trying to understand a... |
This study was approved by the university of wisconsin - madison health sciences institutional review board . The methods used in this study were adapted from methods described previously (6). In brief, patients included were 20 years of age on 1 january 2005 and had at least one family practice or internal medicine vi... |
A potential target of nsaids is thought to be the microglia associated with the senile plaques . This is supported by a study by mackenzie and munoz (1998) showing in non - demented patients that those treated with nsaids had three times less activated microglia as non - treated controls . These data have been confirme... |
Acute myeloid leukemia (aml) is a rare disease afflicting annually 34 persons per 100,000 individuals . With a median age at diagnosis of 67 years, this disease is far more common in the elderly . In this age group, aml has a particularly dismal outcome with less than 5% of the patients being alive 5 years after the di... |
Elderly patients with severe aortic valve stenosis and high operative risk can be treated by transcatheter aortic valve replacement (tavr) with equivalent outcome to surgical aortic valve replacement (savr). Aortic valve stenosis is the most common valve disease in elderly patients, and tavr is increasingly being perfo... |
On january 2, 2011, an 8-month - old girl with acute respiratory distress was seen in the emergency department of the children s hospital of the university of cologne . The girl s parents had noticed labored breathing, intercostal retractions, and fever for 1 day . No one else who had contact with the girl was sick . A... |
Breath is the dynamic bridge between body and mind and pranayama (breathing techniques) is one of the most important yogic practices, which can produce different physiological responses in healthy individuals . Pranayama is an art of prolongation and control of breath, which helps to bring the conscious awareness in br... |
High concentrations of factor viii and von willebrand factor (vwf) contribute to a hypercoagulable state in hyperthyroidism . Lower vwf concentrations in hypothyroidism may protect against venous thrombosis .. studies have suggested hypercoagulable state in hypothyroidism . 45-year - old female presented in emergency w... |
One major goal of proteomic profiling is an accurate quantitation of proteins in samples with high complexity and high dynamic range of protein concentrations, such as body fluids (serum, plasma, csf, etc). Because high confidence peptide / protein identification and at the same time high confidence quantitation is a h... |
Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid and often isolated from goldenthread, coptidis rhizoma, and goldenseal, hydrastis canadensis (mirska et al ., 1972). Previous reports have shown that berberine has several pharmacological and biological properties including antibiotic (mirska et al ., 1972), anti - inflammatory (ma... |
The main therapeutic approach is adrenalectomy and extraction of the tumor from the inferior vena cava and the right atrium . This requires a precise evaluation of the extent of spread of the tumor, a meticulous pre - operative planning and a combined team including general and cardiac surgeons and a cardio - pulmonary... |
Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (siadh) is a common cause of hyponatremia . Although it has been associated with different pulmonary infections, there have been only few case reports describing the association of siadh with influenza . We report a case of siadh in a patient with influenza wh... |
The basic mechanism of action in the freezing of tissue is the formation of ice crystals which results in the disruption of cell membrane and its organelles . Cells exposed to freezing temperatures of about 5 to 15 c at the periphery of the ice crystal / ice ball primarily undergo apoptotic cell death, whereas colder t... |
Imatinib, the first oral bcr - abl and c - kit tyrosine kinases inhibitor approved for cancer, is involved in several drug drug interactions (ddis). According to the summary of product characteristics (smpc) of glivec (novartis europharm limited, camberley, uk), cytochrome p-450 (cyp450) the smpc indicates that caution... |
This study was approved by the institutional animal care and use committee of korea, prior to experiments, and all the in vivo experiment procedures were performed according to regulation of association for research in vision and ophthalmology for the ophthalmic field and studies on visual function . Twelve new zealand... |
Fasciola hepatica (f. hepatica) is a foodborne trematode, which is occasionally observed in general practice . F. hepatica was described as the first foodborne trematode that can occur worldwide in the areas where sheep and cattle are raised . Humans are its accidental hosts . After ingestion of contaminated water or a... |
Raynaud s syndrome, first described in 1862, affects between 3% and 10% of the population without preference for a certain sex or ethnicity.1,2 it is characterized by alterations in peripheral adrenoceptor activity resulting in vasoconstriction and ischemia of the extremities in response to low temperature or emotional... |
Neuromuscular blocking agents (nmbas) are routinely used worldwide as part of a modern concept of balanced anesthesia . Rocuronium, an aminosteroid nmba, and cisatracurium, a nmba of the benzylisoquinoline family, are two common intermediate - duration nmbas whose pharmacokinetic properties make them suitable for admin... |
There is strong epidemiological support for a role of high salt intake in hypertension [15] and controlled interventions modulating salt intake have shown that high salt intake elevates blood pressure [6, 7]. The degree of blood pressure reduction following a lowering of salt intake (and the degree of blood pressure el... |
The mycobacterium strains were grown in middlebrook 7h9 medium (himedia, india) supplemented with 10% oadc (himedia, india). Log phase cultures were centrifuged, washed with sterile saline, and adjusted to mcfarland standard corresponding to 1 10 colony forming unit / ml (cfu). The size of inoculums was confirmed by pl... |
Most commonly they arise from cells lining of the central canal within the spinal cord and present as intramedullary tumor . A 59-year - old woman complained of pain in neck over the past 6 years . About 10 months before, she came to us; she noted pain in her back which was radiating down the lower limbs to the little ... |
Strongyloides stercoralis is a human intestinal nematode that is considered a common parasitic disease in tropical and subtropical areas . It is endemic in southeast asia, africa, west indies, south america, bangladesh, and pakistan . The ability to replicate in the human host permits autoinfection of s. stercoralis le... |
The characteristic features are pronounced intracellular and intramicrocystic periodic acid schiff (pas) positive secretions . As this carcinoma usually occurs in children and young adults, it was originally referred to as a type of juvenile carcinoma . Slow growth and delayed recurrence are characteristic of many of t... |
Serum opacity factor (sof) was first discovered in 1938 by the australians ward and rudd as a substance produced by group a streptococci that caused serum to become cloudy (figure 1), hence its name . Sof was found to act on a lipoprotein fraction of serum [2, 3] and various enzymatic activities were proposed to accoun... |
Recordings of electrical and mechanical activity in vitro from gastrointestinal smooth muscle segments show rhythmic mechanical activity that is triggered by corresponding rhythmic changes in membrane potential.13 the underlying membrane potential changes are usually composed of two events, starting with a slow rhythmi... |
On november 9, 2005, a 17-year - old man who arrived at the airport in newark, new jersey, united states, had symptoms consistent with measles . The man was part of a group of 148 refugees from the eastleigh community in nairobi, kenya, who arrived in the united states from november 3 through 15 . Genotype b3 (subgroup... |
Osler first used the term mycotic aneurysm in 1885 to describe a mushroom - shaped aneurysm in a patient with subacute bacterial endocarditis ., mycotic aneurysm is still used for all extracardiac or intracardiac aneurysms caused by infections, except for syphilitic aortitis . The term infected aneurysm, proposed by ja... |
The combined incidence is reported to be 0.03 per 100,000 persons in the united states . The myxoid variant of chondrosarcoma of bony origin is an uncommon entity and its location in the skull is rarer still with incidence as low as 0.16%, including those arising from its coverings, supporting tissues, and cranial bone... |
In recent decades, the essential oils and various extracts of plants have been of great interest as they have been the sources of natural products . The most commonly used antioxidant at the present time are butylated hydroxyanisole (bha), butylated hydroxytoluene (bht), propylgallate (pg), and tert - butyl hydroxyl to... |
Globally, organophosphorus (op) pesticide poisoning is a serious occupational hazard accounting for more than 80% of pesticide - related hospitalisation . India being an agriculture - based country, op pesticide remains the main agent for crop protection and pest control . It is therefore likely to have adverse effects... |
It is generally accepted that the chromatin organization of eukaryotic dna is strongly governed by a code inherent to the dna sequence . Modulating the accessibility of individual dna sequences involves many complex interactions, the most prevalent of which are the interactions between histone octamers and dna in compa... |
The goal of the worldwide structural genomics initiative is to determine the 3d structures of proteins on a genomic scale . Since 2001, these efforts have resulted in more than 6772 structure depositions to the pdb (1), 3251 of which are from the national institutes of health - sponsored protein structure initiative ce... |
Reactive oxygen species (ros) play a vital role in lps - triggered macrophage activation by regulating intracellular reduction - oxidation (redox) sensitive signaling pathways and nuclear transcription factors, such as nuclear factor-b (nf-b) and nuclear factor - erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (nrf2) [13]. Overproduc... |
In 1935, barach first advocated helium - oxygen gas mixtures (heliox) as a therapy for obstructive lesions of the airway . Since then, heliox has been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of various disease entities involving narrowed airways . Its safety has been demonstrated in both mechanically ventilated and sp... |
The use of electrocautery during polypectomy is widely considered to be the standard of care in resecting polyps 10 mm . In practice, hot polypectomy can aid in both transecting tissue and preventing immediate bleeding through coagulation of small arterial and venous branches 1 . Electrocautery also allows for the en b... |
Relevant studies were identified through medline, embase, cochrane library, scopus, and clinicaltrials.gov electronic databases and hand - searched from inception through december 2014 . Prospective and retrospective observational cohort studies examining the association between statin use (on hospital admission or pre... |
The etiology of folliculitis is complex and in a given case several factors may contribute including infection, physical irritation, occlusion, other skin diseases and drugs . Among drugs, however, the role of the native glucocorticoid, cortisol, as a regulator / dampener of potential inflammatory reactions in the hair... |
This genetic information is essential for the correct functioning of the organism and the long - term survival of the species [1, 2]. Failure to conserve the genetic code can lead to instability of the genome, a prominent feature of cancer and degenerative diseases . During the lifespan of an organism, the endogenous d... |
Methotrexate (mtx) and leflunomide (lef) are both effective first - line disease - modifying antirheumatic drugs (dmards) used for the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis (ra). The potentially complementary mechanisms of action of these two effective dmards provide a rationale for their use in combination therapy ... |
Intralobar pulmonary sequestration (ilps) with an anomalous systemic arterial blood supply represents a mass of nonfunctioning parenchyma surrounded by visceral pleura (1, 2). Unlike extralobar sequestration, radiographically demonstrated calcification in the ilps has been reported in some case series, but primary sequ... |
Initially, growth of the fungus on semisolid media led to the robust production of 1 at approximately 50 mg l. the compound was purified on the basis of promising activity against m. tuberculosis . The methanol extract from nrrl 50135 was purified using a preparative c18 column to isolate 1 . The c nmr spectra (table 1... |
The use of patient data in the present report was approved by the institutional review board of seoul national university hospital (registration number: 1603 - 149 - 751). The need for informed consent a total of 20 patients (age, 2080 years), who were scheduled for thyroidectomy under local anesthesia with mac between... |
Australia is home to a vast array of endemic marsupial species (superorder australidelphia). Of an estimated 162 marsupial species present at the time of european settlement in 1788, twelve species have since become extinct, and many others have suffered major contraction of distribution and substantial to severe popul... |
The interrelation between psychiatric and thyroid disorders has been extensively studied in the past decades [1, 2] and is currently in the focus of modern brain imaging techniques . In hypothyroid patients, thyroid hormone treatment reduced depressive symptoms and somatic complaints and restored the metabolic activity... |
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (cakut) form a group of heterogeneous disorders that affect the kidneys, ureters and bladder . In this group are included common problems such as vesicoureteral reflux to severe life - threatening malformations as bilateral renal agenesis [1 - 4]. In young children, ... |
Previous studies of test - retest reliability of muscle strength measurement using a handheld dynamometer (hhd) have shown low reliability in measuring the lower limbs and high reliability in measuring the upper limbs1, 2 . Wikholm et al.1 conducted an investigation with 3 examiners and healthy subjects and reported th... |
A characteristic feature of pain is a sensation which enables the location and response to perceived pain stimulus . It is assumed that chronic pain is pain lasting longer than 3 months and affects 30% of patients diagnosed with cancer and about 7080% of patients with advanced cancer [14]. In the epic (european pain in... |
Primary diffuse leptomeningeal gliomatosis (pdlg) is a rare condition where tumors grow in the subarachnoid space without an obvious connection to the brain or spinal cord parenchyma . The majority of these neoplasms are astrocytic, often high grade, and the diagnosis is usually made postmortem [1, 2]. Dissemination of... |
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