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Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (utuc) is uncommon, accounting for only 5% to 6% of all urothelial carcinomas . The estimated annual incidence in western countries is about 2 new cases per 100,000 individuals . The peak incidence of utuc is in the seventh and eighth decades of life, and utuc occurs three times... |
The mammalian auditory system is challenged with the task of accurately encoding the pattern and source of incoming sound . Many of the initial steps involved in the manipulation of acoustic information already have been well - characterized (webster, 1992; winer, 2005). In the standard model, auditory information is f... |
The aim of vital pulp therapy (vpt) is to use biomaterials in order to safeguard as much vitality as possible for the dental pulp with carious exposure . Direct pulp capping and pulpotomy, the two main vpt procedures, are less invasive than pulpectomy / root canal therapy (rct). It is well known that the most common ca... |
A healthy joint requires a fine - tuned balance between molecular signals regulating homeostasis, damage, restoration, and remodelling . This balance is determined both at the level of single cells and the whole tissue architecture, and it also involves interactions among different tissues such as cartilage, bone, syno... |
Teratomas are congenital tumors that are usually found in the gonads, and are only rarely detected in extragonadal areas, such as, the mediastinal, retroperitoneal and sacrococcygeal regions . To the best our knowledge, an extragonadal teratoma of the long bone has not been previously reported in the literature . We de... |
Cardiovascular diseases (cvd) are becoming the major cause of mortality in developing countries.1 the 2002 world health report indicates that the most important risk factors for noncommunicable diseases include high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, inadequate fruit and vegetable intake, overweight and obesity, p... |
The facial nerve trunk exits through the stylomastoid foramen, and enters the parotid gland where it divides into the cervicofacial and temporofacial divisions . Then divides into five peripheral branches to supply the muscles of facial expression (1). The branches arising from the rami form to parotid plexus in paroti... |
Medical literature defines recklinghausen's disease, also known as neurofibromatosis type 1 (nf1), as an autosomal dominant disease characterised by abnormalities affecting tissues derived from the neural crest . Researchers indicate that the disease is directly caused by mutation of the neurofibrin 1 gene located on c... |
Recurrent pharyngotonsillitis is a common health problem causing medical appointments, antimicrobial treatments, and missed workdays or schooldays . Previously, we conducted two randomised controlled trials in adults with recurrent pharyngotonsillitis on the efficacy of tonsillectomy [2, 3]. While we noticed that tonsi... |
Breast cancer is one of the major causes of mortality in middle - aged women, especially in developed countries . At present, there are no effective ways to prevent breast cancer since its cause remains unknown . Therefore, early detection becomes the key to improving the breast cancer prognosis and reducing the mortal... |
Rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is a multisystem autoimmune disease of unknown etiology . The characteristic pathology of affected joints is the inflammation of hyperplastic synovial membrane that can result in destruction of adjacent cartilage and bone . Though the exact molecular pathogenesis of ra remains elucidated, evid... |
Human activities, in particular the burning of fossil fuels, have been identified as key drivers of the climatic changes observed since the mid - twentieth century (hegerl et al . The effects of these activities are altering the environment on which we depend, and threaten our collective future through very serious eff... |
Rapid advances in the crystallographic determination of transmembrane (tm) protein structures, and especially of g - protein coupled receptors (gpcrs), have established the lipidic cubic phase (lcp) as a suitable medium for growing high quality crystals of these proteins (see ref (1,2) and citations therein). The lcp c... |
Prostate cancer (pca) has mostly affected the male population of the united states, and in 2012 us cases constituted approximately 29% (240,890) of the incidence of pca . In south korea, the incidence of pca has significantly increased while the mortality rate has steadily decreased . From 2007 to 2013, the incidence p... |
The replacement of tissue lost through trauma, disease, or congenital anomalies is a continuing clinical challenge . Current reconstructive options, including autologous tissue transfer, allograft, xenograft, and alloplastic implantation, are limited by donor site morbidity, tissue scarcity, disease transmission or ant... |
One of the earliest controlled ethological studies of risk - taking began in the experimental ponds at cornell university, where david sloan wilson and his colleagues began searching for different personality types in the pumpkinseed sunfish (lepomis gibbosus). Based on work in humans, wilson and his team hypothesized ... |
It is known since the work of bardeen, bekenstein, carter and hawking [42, 32, 162] that black holes are thermodynamical systems equipped with a temperature and an entropy . In analogy to bolzmann s statistical theory of gases, one expects that the entropy of black holes counts microscopic degrees of freedom . Understa... |
According to the euro heart survey on valvular heart disease, aortic stenosis (as) is the most frequent and mitral stenosis (ms) is the least frequent among native single - sided valve diseases in europe (43.1% vs. 12.1%). In as, the most common etiology is degenerative, and the least common etiology is rheumatic (81.9... |
Chemically, it is a hydrophilic base which exists at physiological ph as the cationic species . This drug was observed to reduce hypergly - cemia, improve glucose utilization, reduce free fatty acid utilization, gluconeogenesis, serum lipids, insulin, insulin - like growth factor 1 (igf-1), reduce body weight, and decr... |
(www.eia.org) requiring water for cooling in thermoelectric (steam electric) power plants, it is important to understand how much water is used for thermoelectric generation to assess vulnerability of power generation to water shortages and determine potential impacts of generation on water resources . Life cycle analy... |
Extralobar pulmonary sequestration is defined as a mass of pulmonary parenchyma anatomically separate from the normal lung . In extralobar pulmonary sequestration, the tissue has a distinct pleural covering and may be supplied by an aberrant artery from the aorta or its branch, in rare instances, extralobar pulmonary s... |
The collection of medical image data for research can be an expensive and time - consuming task . Positron emission tomography (pet), x - ray computed tomography (ct), and magnetic resonance imaging (mri) systems can easily cost over a million dollars . They may require dedicated staff, maintenance contracts, and acces... |
Restrictive cardiomyopathy (rcm) is very rare in children and it is characterized by dilated atria, elevated end - ventricular diastolic pressure, and severe diastolic dysfunction resulting from increased stiffness of the myocardium, . Rcm carries a poor prognosis with a low survival rate and ultimately requires heart ... |
Depressive disorder (dd, including recurrent depressive disorder [rdd]) is a severe psychiatric illness, which at its worst can lead to suicide . It is characterized by persistent low mood, loss of interest or pleasure, feeling of tiredness, loss of appetite, and disturbed sleeping . According to the world health organ... |
When tooth extraction is performed for the management of diseases or trauma, complete hemostasis should be achieved in order to prevent infection at the extraction site and sutures may be used to allow natural healing . After extraction, the bone resolves and remodels itself due to the nature of the alveolar bone . Tal... |
Patients with a preexisting episcleral encircling element who underwent implantation of a silicone agv to treat intractable glaucoma during january 2009 to september 2010 at a large, tertiary care ophthalmic hospital were identified by means of operative records . Postsurgical follow - up of less than 6 weeks and inabi... |
The main drawback with the traditional stainless steel files is their inability to follow the canal curvature with a tendency to straighten, particularly at the start of the curvature . Ni - ti instruments introduced in 1988 to endodontics showed super - elasticity and shape memory . The main problems with instruments ... |
Chronic pain is a highly disabling condition, which can significantly reduce patients quality of life . Typically, chronic pain results in depression, anxiety, and loss of independence.14 chronic pain is associated with a wide range of cancer and non - cancer pain conditions including neuropathic pain and osteoarthriti... |
Coronary collateral circulation (ccc) is an adaptive compensatory response to myocardial ischemia . In addition, ccc is an alternative source of blood supply to the myocardium which can be jeopardized by the failure of the original stenotic, or occluded vessel, to provide adequate blood flow to the targeted ischemic re... |
Nigella sativa l. (ns) is a vegetal specie of the ranunculaceae family, commonly known as black cumin seed, neguilla or ajemuz, that is widely cultivated in the mediterranean region . Its seeds have played an important role over the years in ancient islamic system of herbal medicine and in spain, where they have been t... |
During the epidemic, close contacts were prospectively identified by the hong kong special administrative region government department of health through standardized telephone interviews with all 1,755 confirmed sars patients within 1 week of hospital admission (february 15june 22, 2003). A close contact was defined as... |
Key pathophysiologic changes observed in the brain of autistic individuals provide compelling evidence that autism begins during fetal development (casanova 2007; bauman and kemper 2005; rodier 2000). While genetic susceptibility undoubtedly underlies autism etiology in many cases (abrahams and geschwind 2008), environ... |
A 24-year - old lady was referred to our pain clinic with complaint of abdominal pain for last 3 months . She had her second cesarean section 4 months ago and her pain started one month after the surgery . The pain was located around 5 - 7 cm inferior and lateral to umbilicus on the right side and was well localized in... |
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (sah) is a devastating neurological insult that causes significant morbidity and mortality . One of the greatest sources of this morbidity and mortality is cerebral vasospasm (cvs), leading to delayed cerebral ischemia (dci). While angiographic vasospasm is thought to occur in approximately 70% ... |
Age - related macular degeneration (amd) is the main cause of permanent central blindness in the developed countries . It manifests in drusen formation and degeneration / atrophy of the retinal pigmented epithelium (rpe) and neural retina, as well as the formation of abnormal choroidal capillaries [2, 3]. In addition t... |
Based on hcv antibody and rna viral profiles, patients were stratified into two groups: patients who spontaneously cleared hcv and patients with chronic hcv infection who continued to have detectable rna titres . However, the patients with chronic hcv infection and detectable viral rna presented significantly increased... |
Vascular complications after a total knee arthroplasty (tka) occur in less than 0.5% of cases.1 it is uncommon, with a reported incidence following tka ranging from 0.03 to 0.17%.27 however, when such a complication does occur, it is potentially limb and life threatening . Popliteal artery pseudoaneurysm is one of the ... |
The stubbed toe is a common innocuous injury, usually sustained barefoot, which can result in a wide range of injuries including nail bed lacerations, fractures of the distal phalanx and, uncommonly, bony or soft tissue mallet injuries . The mainstay of management of simple fractures and nail bed injuries is usually no... |
Auricular defects characterized by absence of the pinna may be congenital (microtia or anotia) or acquired as a result of infection, cancer surgery, or traumatic injury . Congenital defects may be associated with auditory canal, middle ear, and inner ear malformations . The total or partial pinna mutilation may be a co... |
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph) is a progressive and androgen - dependent disease that causes lower urinary tract symptoms (luts). Although bph is not a life - threatening disease, it can have a negative effect on the quality of life . Alpha - adrenergic receptor antagonists (-blockers) and 5-alpha reductase inhibit... |
Diabetic nephropathy (dn) is an important health problem in the worldwide adult population, and approximately 2040% of dn patients inevitably progress to end stage renal disease (esrd). Albuminuria is an important marker to diagnosis and predicts the progression of dn [2, 3], but some studies have shown that only 3045%... |
To report the effective treatment of radiation macular edema following ruthenium-106 plaque brachytherapy for a choroidal melanoma with a dexamethasone 0.7-mg (ozurdex) intravitreal implant . A 65-year - old caucasian woman was suffering from radiation macular edema following ruthenium-106 plaque brachytherapy for a ch... |
In the era of prostate - specific antigen (psa) screening, more and more patients are diagnosed with insignificant prostate cancer . Because many of these cancers will not become clinically symptomatic, active surveillance (as) with delayed treatment has been introduced and has been reported to have similar therapeutic... |
Peripheral arterial aneurysms are rare, and among these, deep femoral arterial (dfa) aneurysms are extremely rare [13]. Dfa aneurysms are not associated with any characteristic symptoms, and their early diagnosis is difficult . These aneurysms have a high rate of rupture, and surgery plays an important role in their tr... |
It is characterized by apical migration of the gingival margin from the cement enamel junction, which is caused by the loss of connective tissue fibers and is accompanied by resorption of the alveolar bone crest and necrosis of cementum tissue.1,2 gingival recession results in poor esthetics, particularly while smiling... |
Asymptomatic patients post arterial switch (aso) surgeries are at low risk for myocardial ischemia, and much depends on the type of coronary anomalies and the method of transfer of the coronary arteries during surgery . However certain coronary patterns in transposition of great vessels like a retropulmonary looping of... |
During 2015 in south korea, a total of 10,332,000 pigs were raised, of which 2,338,521 (22.6%) were raised on 1,134 farms in gyeongsang province (6). For this study, we collected 1,030 blood and 97 tissue samples from pigs (645 breeding and 479 fattening pigs) reared on 209 pig farms in gyeongsang province during 20142... |
Lipomas are the most common soft tissue mesenchymal neoplasms; it involves 15 - 20% in the head and neck region and 1 - 4% in the oral cavity . Lipomas commonly present as slowly enlarging asymptomatic lesions, with a soft, and smooth - surface when it is superficial with a yellow coloration . They most commonly occur ... |
Chronic kidney disease (ckd) in the pediatric population has become an important issue . Ckd represents a spectrum of conditions, which result in renal impairment varying from mild renal insufficiency to end stage renal disease (esrd). Fivush et al reported that half of patients with esrd in childhood attain adult's he... |
The mhc is a genomic region located on the short arm of chromosome 6 (6p), encoding hla molecules . Loss or down - regulation of mhc class i expression in cancer cells is a major immune escape route used by a large variety of human tumors to evade anti - tumor immune responses mediated by cytotoxic t lymphocytes [1 - 3... |
Additional reports were also extracted from promed mail (8) and healthmap (9). We performed the analysis by using 3 dates: 1) date of case registration in the surveillance system of the brazilian ministry of health (model 1); 2) earliest of either date of symptom onset (if available) or registration date (model 2); and... |
The car is a convenient means of transport and enables people to expand their range of activity . In particular, for people with disability of the lower extremities who must use a wheelchair have limited use of public transportation, it is very important to be able to drive a car . The ability to drive is associated wi... |
Mouth opening is a clinical parameter, which we encounter routinely in our daily practice . A known normal range of mouth opening is necessary to enable the clinician conduct a thorough oral examination conveniently . A reduced mouth opening capacity (moc) may be one of the first clinical signs of pathological changes ... |
Nephrotic syndrome in the first year of life in two thirds of cases is caused by mutations in four genes (nphs1, nphs2, wt1, and lamb2). The wilms tumor suppressor gene 1 (wt1) encodes a transcription factor involved in kidney and gonadal development . Drash syndrome (dds) and frasier syndrome (fs), two syndromes chara... |
Males and females of c57bl/6-tg(ubc - gfp)30scha / j, c57bl/6j, b6.129p2(c)mecp2/j, b6.129p2-lyz2/j (lysm), b6.129p2-mecp2/j, mecp2, and c57bl/6j mice were purchased from jackson laboratories (bar harbor, me); b6.cg-mecp2 mice were a generous gift from dr . Andrew pieper, (southwestern medical school, dallas, tx) and w... |
The advent of multislice ct technology with ecg - gating along with innovations in x - ray tube and ct detector technology have resulted in revolutionary progress in cardiac imaging . Ecg - gated ct angiography with 64 + slice systems has demonstrated efficacy for the diagnosis of coronary disease, cardiac morphology, ... |
Experimental birds: seven - day - old white leghorn male chickens were used in this study . The birds were fed a commercial balanced diet and water ad libitum and maintained under controlled light conditions (12-hr light/12-hr dark). At the end of the experimental period, the birds were euthanized, and their tissues we... |
Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (dsrct) is a highly aggressive, rare tumor of mesenchymal origin whose oncogenic effect is presumed to originate from the unique chromosomal translocation t(11;22)(p13:q12) [1, 2], leading to the fusion of the n - terminal domain of ewing's sarcoma gene ews, to the c - terminal domai... |
Literacy involves a complex set of abilities to understand and use symbolic systems of a culture for personal and social improvement, which are viewed as necessary for any grown up person in order to work and behave in the society . One of these abilities is health literacy, which involves a series of reading, listenin... |
Alternative rna splicing, export and translational regulation all contribute to cancer formation and progression (venables, 2006). These are dependent on the complex secondary structure of the 3 utr of the mrna recognised by binding proteins such as t - cell intracellular antigen-1 (tia-1) (eberhardt et al ., tia-1 con... |
Advanced acquisition strategies and image reconstruction have become major research topics in cardiovascular magnetic resonance (cmr). New techniques are commonly validated using numerical phantoms . However, computer simulations are often based on oversimplified and unrealistic models . Furthermore, the lack of standa... |
About 96% are symptomatic at presentation with a history of stricture disease in more than half and sexually transmitted disease in one fourth of all patients . Rarely, it can manifest as a periurethral abscess, fistula, or fungating perineal tumor . While urethral carcinoma is known to aggressively infiltrate periuret... |
Chemotherapy - induced neutropenia is characterized by a marked decrease in the peripheral blood neutrophil count . Since neutrophils are an integral part of the innate immune system, this may result in severe complications such as life - threatening infections (1, 2). As a result, neutropenia is considered to be the m... |
Human beings walk upright and maintain their postures with a narrow base of support and with the center of gravity of the upper trunk . Even if muscle tension slightly loosens, low back pain occurs because of stress from the mechanical posture of the muscle involved1 . This causative factor of low back pain can lead to... |
Werner syndrome (ws) is a rare autosomal recessive disease associated with premature age - related phenotypes such as cancer, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus and early graying of the hair (review). The gene responsible for ws (wrn) is one of a five human recq helicases including blm, recql1, recql4, and recq5 . Like ws... |
For the past several decades, the mainstream scientific opinion on healthy diets and the recommendations for dietary intake have favored high - carbohydrate and low - fat (hclf) diets . This position has led most countries in the world to issue dietary guidelines in favor of lowering dietary fat and increasing starch a... |
Obesity is a condition that causes damage to the various body functions, such as cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and metabolic functions amongst others . The respiratory function is also affected by obesity, as excess fat deposited on the chest wall and the abdominal cavity affects the chest mechanics . This results i... |
Although there is no direct link between exposure to radio waves and the genotoxic mechanisms that lead to cancer, studies to address the association between use of cellular telephones and cancer risk have been performed . Case - control study of uveal melanoma patients in germany using three groups of control subjects... |
Biofilm growth on the surface of biomaterial implants is generally recognized as a cause of biomaterial - associated infection (bai). Regardless of the high sterile conditions and improved techniques in the operating theatre, both perioperative and postoperative contamination by microorganisms suspended in the air and ... |
The mucosal surfaces lining the respiratory tract are continuously exposed to potentially infectious agents, as well as environmental toxics and antigens . The bronchial epithelium acts as a physicochemical barrier of the airway mucosa and is able to initiate inflammatory responses by releasing mediators upon exposure ... |
Evidence is growing in support of a role for infections in the aetiology of childhood leukaemia, particularly for the most common subtype, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (all). Two infection - related hypotheses have gained popularity and are currently supported by substantial, yet inconsistent, epidemiologic findings .... |
The sulfur chemistry of transition metals represents a challenging and exciting research topic in the field of inorganic and structural chemistry, which has actually been thoroughly explored by several authors. (1) because of the peculiar features of sulfur species, such as high polarizability, large negative charge, c... |
Ulcerative colitis (uc) is an idiopathic disorder that involves a proximal extension of chronic inflammation in the colonic mucosa . Major manifestations of uc include bloody diarrhea, rectal bleeding, frequent stools, tenesmus, and pain in the lower abdomen, all of which undergo repeated relapses following exacerbatio... |
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer among women in the united states, with approximately 54,010 new cases of carcinoma in situ (noninvasive cancer) and 207,090 cases of invasive cancer diagnosed per year . In addition, breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women, with about 39,840 deat... |
All available dna sequences for coi (108 head and 58 clothing lice), 18s rrna (10 head and 12 clothing lice), ef-1 (25 head and 9 clothing lice), and rpii (25 head and 10 clothing lice) for p. humanus and the outgroup p. schaeffi (chimpanzee louse) were downloaded from genbank (available as supplementary table s1, supp... |
In the aging population the number of alzheimer disease (ad) patients is expected to increase . However, the diagnostic accuracy of the clinical criteria is relatively low (sensitivity 80% and specificity of 70%)). With this in mind, biological markers in body fluids are urgently needed to sustain diagnosis, as they ar... |
Rheumatologic diseases manifest themselves in varying combinations of symptoms and signs, particularly at early stages, and therefore make differential diagnosis a challenge, especially for nonrheumatologists including general practitioners . Since diagnosis at an early stage and adequate treatment improve prognosis, a... |
Ocular inflammation is common after ophthalmic surgery, particularly after surgical removal of cataracts combined with intraocular lens (iol) implantation . This inflammatory response includes the metabolism of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and leukotrienes and the recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages to the... |
Rathke's cleft cysts (rccs) are non - neoplastic congenital lesions that develop from an epithelial remnant of rathke's pouch, a normal component of pituitary development that gives rise to the anterior lobe, pars intermedia, and pars tuberalis of the gland . Topographically, rccs usually occur in the sellar fossa with... |
According to a who survey conducted in 2005/2006, finnish schoolchildren's tooth brushing frequency was one of the lowest in europe . Thirty - seven percent of finnish 11-year - old boys and 55% of girls reported brushing their teeth more frequently than once a day . The figures were similar among 13- and 15-year - old... |
Prostate cancer is a neoplasm with a variable natural history that ranges from indolent to aggressive (1). Several clinical features of prostate cancer including tumor stage, gleason score, serum psa, and biopsy criteria are used in routine clinical practice to categorize the patients into groups of low, intermediate, ... |
The arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means, as well as the standard deviation (sd), as the measures of variability, are the ones most frequently used descriptive statistics in the calculation of pharmacokinetic (pk) (cocchetto et al . 1980; lam et al . 1985; roe and karol 1997; griffin et al . 1999 a common problem i... |
Failure of a total knee arthroplasty (tka) is often associated with loss of bone from either the proximal aspect of tibia or the distal aspect of the femur . These defects are usually classified as contained or uncontained.1 the reconstruction of large uncontained defects represents a major challenge to the revision su... |
Wound healing defects and associated soft tissue damages are becoming more important in the orthopedic practice . This is due to the significant increase of prosthesis implantations, including knee prosthesis implantations and the demographic development of society . The demands on a long lifetime of the prostheses are... |
The study protocol was approved by the tianjin hospital ethics committee, and informed consent of all patients was obtained . The inclusion criteria were 1) the injury time of hip fractures was <24 h before admission and fracture diagnosis by x - ray examinations in our emergency department, 2) patient participated in ... |
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (dmd) is a progressive x - linked neuromuscular disease, affecting 1 in 3600 live male births . Classically untreated boys lose ambulation by 9.5 years (range 612), with respiratory, cardiac and orthopedic complications following in the second decade and premature death . Recent studies have... |
Accuracy of dose delivery in radiotherapy is stringent requirement for the expected outcome in patients . The dose delivery methods became very precise with digital linear accelerators, their monitoring electronics and automation in terms of use of record / verify systems . The measured dose in water at reference point... |
Fifteen children and adolescents with asds (asperger and high functioning autism) aged eight to 17 years old were compared with 15 age matched normally developing individuals . Participants with asds were diagnosed by a child and adolescent psychiatrist based on dsm - iv criteria (17). Visual memory tasks were assessed... |
Tuberculosis (tb) is a contagious, infectious disease, due to mycobacterium tuberculosis (mt), which usually lasts throughout the life course and determines the formation of tubercles in different parts of the body . Mt has very ancient origins: it has survived over 70,000 years and it currently infects nearly 2 billio... |
The success of a root canal filled tooth depends mainly on the extent of re - cleaning and re - shaping followed by the complete filling of the root canal system . Gutta - percha is the most commonly used material for filling the root canals, and it should be removed when retreatment is indicated . There are various me... |
In recent years, with economic development and social modernization, the number of diabetic patients has been increasing worldwide, including developing countries, posing a global problem in terms of human suffering as well as medical costs [1, 2]. The international diabetes federation (idf) estimated the number of dia... |
Alopecias can be broadly classified into non - scarring or non - cicatricial and scarring or cicatricial forms . Pathologically, a scar constitutes the end point of reparative fibrosis with permanent destruction of the preexisting tissue.1 scarring alopecias are further subdivided into primary and secondary types . In ... |
Whether signals mediated via growth factor receptors (gfrs) might influence lineage fate in normal multipotent progenitors (mpps) and stem cells remains unclear and disputed . New insights into this process have recently been gained through studies in vitro (rieger et al ., 2009); however, whether gfr signaling instruc... |
In a recent breast cancer study conducted by the clinical proteomic tumor analysis consortium (cptac), extensive global- and phospho- protein profiling were obtained for a subset of breast cancer samples that have been extensively characterized in the the cancer genome atlas (tcga). This is so far the first attempt to ... |
Maintenance of low serum urate (sua) levels is important for the management of gout.1 achieving the recommended sua levels of less than 6.0 mg / dl2,3 is difficult in elderly (65 years of age and older) patients with renal impairment . Allopurinol has been used as a first - line drug for the treatment of hyperuricemia.... |
At this institution, a retrospective review was performed and 36 consecutive patients were identified with decompensated cirrhosis with refractory or large - volume ascites where indwelling peritoneal catheter placement was utilized . Each patient had biopsy - proven cirrhosis, and an etiology was determined for each p... |
According to the international diabetes federation, the worldwide prevalence of adults with diabetes mellitus (dm) is 8.3%, accounting for approximately 382 million people.1 in the people s republic of china, the prevalence of dm in adults aged 20 years or older has increased to 9.7%, accounting for 92.4 million adults... |
Among menstrual disorders, menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, and abnormal cycles are highly prevalent and are considered as disabling conditions among women at reproductive ages . Dysmenorrhea is defined as painful cramps in lower abdomen during menstruation without any evidence of pelvic pathologic lesions . This condition o... |
Stroke commonly causes loss of motor function due to weakening of upper / lower extremity muscles1 . According to ryerson2, use the affected upper extremity decreases because of the patient s dependency on the unaffected upper extremity for normal functions, which results in problems such as learned disuse, asymmetric ... |
Several dozen autoantigens related to type 1 diabetes have been described engendering interest in developing an immunotherapeutic treatment . Phase iii clinical trials in newly diagnosed patients using noncomplement fixing anti - cd3 ab failed to achieve primary endpoints . Together with heightened risks to patients re... |
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