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Despite an increased emphasis on the use of intense screening to diagnose cervical cancer in its early stages over the past decade, higher rates of cervical cancer have recently been observed among women.1 in the united states, a higher incidence of cervical cancer has also been associated with africanamerican and hisp... |
Interest in adeno - associated virus (aav) stems mostly from its experimental and clinical use as a vector in gene therapy of (for example) hemophilia b and lipoprotein lipase deficiency.1, 2, 3 the virus s interactions with host cells are therefore of fundamental interest and of interest as a foundation for developmen... |
Urothelial tumors are very common, with a projected annual incidence of 73,510 bladder tumors alone in the u.s.a.1 although the predominant histology seen in urothelial cancers is traditional urothelial carcinoma (uc), there are several variant histologic sub - types, including micropapillary bladder carcinoma (mpbc).2... |
To report an unusual case of paraneoplastic pseudovitelliform lesions associated with melanoma - associated retinopathy (mar). Retrospective review of the ophthalmic examination, fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, electroretinogram (erg), and optical coherence tomography (oct) of a patient with mar . A 65-yea... |
To present a case of spontaneous aortic rupture in the course of mantle cell lymphoma and successful management with endovascular repair . A 69-year - old woman presented with a cervical mass . The patient was found to have stage iiia and mantle cell lymphoma international prognostic index (mipi) 4 . The patient receiv... |
This study was performed with approval from the instutional review board at asan medical center and adhered to the tenets of the declaration of helsinki . Data were retrospectively abstracted from the medical records of patients who underwent successful retinal re - attachment surgery after diagnosis of macula - off rr... |
A hallmark of vascular plants is the transport of sugars and nitrogen from places of synthesis to sites that depend on external supply (giaquinta, 1983). Green tissues engage in photosynthesis, produce sugars and assimilate inorganic nitrogen, and export excess to support non - photosynthetic tissues such as roots and ... |
Routine medical examinations are carried out as a prerequisite for employment in the public or private sector, entry into tertiary educational institutions or admissions to residential schools and routinely, every 4 years, for armed forces personnel . This is to ensure that the individual is free from any serious physi... |
To report a case of an aqueous misdirection - like presentation in a pseudophakic patient . An 84-year - old pseudophakic gentleman presented with bilateral blurred vision 8 years after cataract surgery . A refractive shift with shallow anterior chambers and elevated intraocular pressures were noted . Although aqueous ... |
Your body is a fine - tuned system in which billions of cells interact . Each cell has tiny receptors that enable it to sense its environment, so it can adapt to new situations.from the poster, the nobel prize 2012 in chemistry, the royal swedish academy of sciences (2012)the sentence mentioned previously precisely ref... |
Contrast - induced nephropathy (cin) is usually defined as an acute decline in renal function, expressed as a relative increase in serum creatinine (scr) concentration of at least 25% or an absolute increase in scr of 0.5 mg / dl (44.2 mol / l) in the absence of other etiologies.1) cin is a significant problem in clini... |
Prosthodontic rehabilitation of edentulous space is often complicated with overeruption of antagonistic tooth and often requires preprosthodontic intervention . In this context, orthodontic intrusion of the overerupted antagonistic tooth to facilitate prosthodontic rehabilitation is a desirable strategy . However, the ... |
Epidemiological data have provided evidence that something unusual has been favorably affecting the health status of mediterranean populations . Although private and state healthcare for many of these populations are inferior compared with those of northern europe and north america, and the prevalence of smoking is hig... |
Optic neuritis is an acute, inflammatory disease of the optic nerve and is often the initial manifestation of multiple sclerosis (ms) in adults and children (duquette et al ., 1987; sindern et al ., 1992; boiko et al ., 2002; optic neuritis study group, 2008a; bonhomme et al ., the clinical profile may include sudden v... |
Apoptosis, which protects organisms by removing potentially damaged cells and unnecessary cells after differentiation, is a widely occurring phenomenon in animal development . Apoptosis occurs in blastocyst cavitation and continues during gastrulation in mammal and chicken cells [2, 3]. Increased caspase - like activit... |
A 13-year - old male presented with a history of decreased vision in both eyes and squint from childhood . He reportedly had a fall from the bed at 5 months of age without any obvious consequences . There was no history of maternal fever, significant maternal antenatal history or complications during birth . The best -... |
The clinical and financial burden of renal cell carcinoma (rcc) is significant, with its incidence continuing to rise worldwide during the last three decades . In 2011, there were over 60,000 new cases and 13,000 deaths attributed to rcc in the united states alone (1). This rise in diagnosis is likely, at least in part... |
In eyes with age - related macular degeneration (amd) and choroidal neovascular membrane, intravitreal anti - vascular endothelial growth factor treatment is one of the most important treatment options.1,2 the efficacy and safety of ranibizumab (an intravitreal anti - vascular endothelial growth factor injection) has b... |
34 indian - origin, outbred, young adult, male and female, specific pathogen - free (spf) rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) that did not express the class i alleles mamu - a*01, mamu - b*08, and mamu - b*17 associated with spontaneous virologic control were housed at new england primate research center, bioqual, or alpha... |
Angiotensin - converting enzyme inhibitors (aceis) are the main cause of angioedema (ae) induced by drugs . They are widely prescribed in western countries and are ranked fourth of the most frequently prescribed drugs in the united states 1 . Seven percent of the belgian population uses chronically a drug of this famil... |
The ability to detect and discriminate specific nucleic acid sequences within a biological mixture has implications for genome sequencing and single - nucleotide polymorphism (snp) detection, biowarfare target detection, and the development of an efficient point - of - care (poc) device for pathogen identification [16]... |
Use of this method is associated with fewer complications such as aneurysms, acute ischemia in the spinal cord, and recoarctation compared to surgery and/or balloon dilatation . However, recoarctation has been reported as its major complication.1 in previous studies, attempts were made to define clinical indications fo... |
Prostate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in men in western developed countries, and the morbidity is increasing in china with the aging of the population and the advance of diagnostic techniques [14]. For patients with localized disease, unfortunately, approximately 30% of patients will experience ... |
Over 371 million people had diabetes in the world, which is expected to increase to 552 million by 2030 . Diabetes also caused 4.6 million deaths and at least 465 billion us dollars in healthcare expenditures (11% of total healthcare expenditures in adults aged 20 - 79 years) in 2011 . The data represented by the natio... |
The population of oldest olds (i.e., 85 years and older) is the fastest growing segment of the elderly population in the western society . One of the major age - related diseases is osteoarthritis (oa), which is more common in females [35]. In subjects between 60 and 70 years of age, prevalences of symptomatic knee oa ... |
Sixty four samples of cocoa beans replicated in quadruplicates were collected from five warehouses from southwest nigeria . After 7 days, isolates were grown in yeast extract sucrose broth containing (2% yeast extract, 15% sucrose). The culture broths were later extracted using the method of (varga et al ., 2002). Extr... |
The present study was part of a research project focussing on mental health in rwandese prisoners (schaal, weierstall, dusingizemungu, & elbert, 2011). The data were collected in the prisons of butare and kigali, rwanda with the permissions of the ministry of science and technology and the ministry of internal security... |
The complement system is implicated in the onset and progression of a number of autoinflammatory diseases . Despite growing efforts to identify new complement - targeted therapeutics, only one (eculizumab, alexion) is currently in the clinic . There is a growing need for new therapeutics to treat chronic inflammatory d... |
Doctor - patient communication is considered an important marker of health - care quality,1 and the social - psychological aspects of the patient - physician interaction are increasingly recognized as complementary to the more technical aspects of medical care.2,3 high quality doctor - patient communication involves mu... |
Fever in the context of critical illness is a frequent occurrence and can raise the concern that an infection or other inflammatory process, such as pancreatitis, is present . In this situation, the evaluative process for the cause of fever may result in important modifications in treatment, including initiation or alt... |
Aspergillosis is a mycotic disease affecting a diverse range of human and animal hosts, including mammals and birds . In cats, two forms of aspergillosis affect the upper respiratory tract: sinonasal aspergillosis (sna) and sino - orbital aspergillosis (soa). In dogs, sna accounts for> 99% of reported cases and this is... |
Preeclampsia is one of the most important and common complications during pregnancy and is one of the main causes of maternal and fetal mortality with variable prevalence in the world . Pregnancy - induced hypertension can result in damages on liver, brain and kidney in mothers and cause problems such as left ventricle... |
Anxiety is one of the leading challenges which patients with cancer encounter along the path of diagnosis and treatment . Psychological distress commonly appears around the time of the diagnosis as well as in various pre-, during-, and post - treatment settings (surgery, chemotherapy, etc . ). The prevalence of anxiety... |
Glaucoma with corneal disorders including ocular surface diseases is one of the most refractory types of glaucoma . Filtering surgery often fails due to severe inflammation, recurrent conjunctival scarring, proliferation of subconjunctival fibrous tissue, and the high risk of infection in patients taking immunosuppress... |
Dioxins, a family of toxic chemical compounds that are highly stable and readily bioaccumulate, have been the focus of extensive research for several decades [1, 2]. Investigations have shown that these compounds can arise naturally from forest fires and cooking; however, industrial processes, such as paper bleaching a... |
Baylor and berg reported the incidence of ppl as <0.5% in their pathology series of 5,000 pancreatic tumors . A review of the literature between 1951 and 1999 included 122 patients, a more recent review compiled 11 series published between 1985 and 2005 and included 103 patients; 4 other patients were reported from the... |
Common precipitants of acute kidney injury (aki) include prerenal causes, intrinsic renal disease of various types, including both glomerular and nonglomerular diseases and postrenal causes such as urinary tract obstruction . Prerenal etiologies and acute tubular injury (ati) are among the most common causes of aki . I... |
The european association of urology 2014 guidelines for the treatment of nephrolithiasis recommend percutaneous nephrolithotomy (pcnl) as a first method of choice for stones> 2 cm and shockwave lithotripsy (swl) for stones <1 cm . For stones between 1 and 2 cm, either swl, retrograde intrarenal surgery (rirs), or pcnl ... |
One of the most common postural problems is the forward head posture (fhp). The repetitive use of computers has forced many computer users to adopt a fhp1, 2 . For example, szeto et al.1 compared the head, neck, and shoulder postures of office workers with and without pain symptoms in these regions, while they were wor... |
It is predictable that bone cannot be stimulated to grow beyond its inherent potential, and consequently, extractions are sometimes necessary to treat certain malocclusions . Malocclusions can be treated by several means, according to the characteristics associated with the problem, such as antero - posterior discrepan... |
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. |
Bronchial hyperreactivity is a characteristic feature of bronchial asthma and there are allergen - specific and nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivities . Allergen - specific bronchial hyperreactivity is only observed in extrinsic asthma, but nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity is increased by several factors, includi... |
Rate equations characterizing the commuting dynamics among subpopulations can be defined by using the variables nkk(t) and nkk(t) as (5)tnkk(t)=knkk(t)+1kknkk(t)p(k|k), (6)tnkk(t)=kknkk(t)1nkk(t), where kk is the rate at which an individual of subpopulation k commutes to neighboring subpopulation k. then, considering t... |
The recent tragic events unfolding in western africa have sparked a renewed interest in a deadly yet mysterious disease . The genus ebolavirus, known to cause ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a group of rna viruses that derives its name from the river next to which it was discovered . It is a member of the filovirus family ... |
Chronic hypercholesterolemia is a critical risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disease (cvd), which is the most common cause of death worldwide [14]. Furthermore, low - density lipoprotein (ldl) is the major atherogenic lipoprotein and the primary target of cholesterol - lowering therapy because numerous c... |
A 13-year - old male with a history of recurrent intussusception at ages 2 and 5 presented with recurrent intussusception 8 years later . The diagnosis was made using computed tomography, and the patient underwent a laparoscopic ileocecectomy with an uneventful postoperative course . The specimen was remarkable for fin... |
Pain is an integral part of human pathosis . However, its intensity, nature, type, duration, and progress differ with the degree of pathology . Amongst the pain off hand reported by a majority of the population, one of the frequent is dental pain with higher intensity as comparable to other types of pain in account.1 e... |
Lymphoma is a type of highly heterogeneous hematological malignancy, which includes two major categories: hodgkin lymphoma (hl) and non - hodgkin lymphoma (nhl). The incidence and mortality rates of lymphoma increased steadily in recent years all over the world especially in the developed countries (1, 2). Investigatio... |
Cardiac defects in adults are usually sporadic and rarely considered to be part of a hereditary syndrome . The presence of other congenital malformations or a positive family history should alert the clinician to the possibility of an underlying, possibly genetic cause [1, 2]., a cardiac defect can also be the presenti... |
Although no established method exists to evaluate movement in direction change, the gait ability test of the meiji yasuda life foundation of health and welfare is often used1 . In this test, a 10.0-m walkway is set up with two points indicating where to change direction on the left and right, at intervals of 2.0 m, 0.5... |
The 22 menw cases reported during january 1, 2013december 31, 2015, were in older persons than is typically seen for imd (9 cases were in persons> 70 years of age). Median age of these 22 case - patients was 56 years; median age was 19 years for patients with serogroup b infections . Bacteremia was the predominant mani... |
Epidural analgesia is commonly used for perioperative anesthesia, postoperative pain control, chronic pain, and cancer - related pain.1 2 epidural catheters are mostly inserted or removed without complications . However, breakage of epidural catheters occurs, albeit rarely, because of inflicted trauma during the insert... |
Diabetes mellitus (dm) currently affects approximately 8.3% of the population and more than 79 million people have prediabetes . Diabetics are more susceptible to infections due to increased glucose levels and suppressed immune response as well as the neuropathy and decreased blood flow to extremities that lead to slow... |
Death receptor activation leads to the formation of death receptor signaling platforms, which activate caspase cascade resulting in the demolition of the cell.quantitative regulation of death receptor network until recently has been poorly understood.within the last decade, a number of mathematical models of death rece... |
Knowing the fact that both tryr and gr has exclusive substrate specificity, various molecules have been explored as inhibitors of tryr which includes hydrophobic linear polyamine derivatives and the naturally occurring bis (tetrahydrocinnamoyl) spermine, ponasik et al . To further address the need for new compounds and... |
Partial gastrectomy, gastroenterostomy, pyloromyotomy, pyloroplasty and endoscopic dilatation have all been recommended with variable results . A 54-year - old white female is presented with the onset of symptoms of idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis one year prior to operation . Idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric s... |
Liposomes are vesicular structures that can form via the accumulation of lipids interacting with one another in an energetically favorable manner . Depending upon the structure and the composition of the bulk solution these vesicles are not rigid formations but rather are fluid entities that are versatile supramolecula... |
Traditionally, gustilo anderson grade iiib open tibial fractures have been treated by initial wide wound debridement, stabilization of fracture with external fixation, and delayed wound closure.1 however, several complications such as deep infection, malunion and nonunion have been reported after treatment using tradit... |
The clinicopathological characteristics of rippled - pattern sebaceoma (rps) are that it arises with a significant predominance in males and most frequently on the scalp, whereas sebaceoma without a rippled pattern arises on the face . He had hit his head on his garage roof 20 years prior to the initial consultation . ... |
Amyand's hernia is an extremely rare condition in which the inguinal hernia sac contains the appendix . This unusual situation is estimated to occur in approximately one percent of adult inguinal hernia cases . We describe a case of acute appendicitis in the inguinal hernia sac with an incarceration in the external rin... |
Successful restorative treatment with implants is related to the mechanical stability between the abutment and the implant.1 one of the main problems that jeopardizes this stability is screw loosening, the main causes of which include excessive abutment - implant (ai) joint bending and settling effects.2 a retrospectiv... |
One of the most prominent symptoms of chf is severe exercise intolerance with marked fatigue and dyspnea at low exercise workloads . The severity of symptomatic exercise limitation varies between patients with chf and appears to be unrelated to the extent of left ventricular systolic dysfunction at rest . Peripheral ch... |
Non - traumatic cervical spine lesions are frequent and include neoplastic, spondylotic, infectious, and inflammatory lesions, or congenital anomalies . These lesions may be seen in any age group and affect both males and females equally . Symptoms and signs are variable and extend from a localized or radicular pain to... |
Moyamoya syndrome, characterized by progressive stenosis resulting in occlusion of the intracranial circulation and extensive collateralization, produces a characteristic angiographic puff of smoke appearance . The supraclinoid internal carotid artery is primarily affected and the disease may manifest with ischemic str... |
Clinical evaluation and differential diagnosis of tumor masses developed in the lateral cervical area can be difficult, because of the heterogeneity of the lesions likely involved . Most frequently these can be enlarged neck lymph nodes (inflammatory or metastatic causes), other inflammatory pathology, thyroid gland di... |
Root resorption is a multifactorial process that is classified as internal or external according to location . Internal root resorption is less common and occurs isolatedly as a result of chronic inflammation or pulpal infection, orthodontic movement, herpes zoster, or idiopathic factors . External root resorption has ... |
Total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis is considered a standard surgical approach for diffuse, medically refractory ulcerative colitis with rectal involvement . Loop ileostomy is commonly used to divert the fecal stream, and is employed as part of a two - staged procedure, with restoration of continuit... |
This phenomenon was first described by rubler et al . And was termed diabetic cardiomyopathy . Diabetic cardiomyopathy is characterized by structural and functional changes in the heart, such as elevated left ventricular (lv) mass, myocardial fibrosis, and abnormal diastolic function [4, 5]. However, the mechanistic de... |
Oral lichenoid reactions or lesions (olrs / olls) are clinical and histological contemporaries of oral lichen planus (olp) often indistinguishable in manifestations . The benchmark of differentiation between the two groups is the association of the former with known inciting factors, which when identified and eliminate... |
The development of the dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dnp) method has allowed hyperpolarized metabolites to probe new frontiers in biomedical research and medical imaging (1). Hyperpolarized [1-c]pyruvate has been used extensively in vivo to probe cardiac metabolism in basic research (25), and is transitioni... |
There is no doubt that behavioral intervention is crucial for type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2 dm) prevention and management . As the prevention of the disease is concerned, it has been demonstrated that the incidence of type 2 diabetes could be reduced by almost 60% among patients with prediabetes through a weight loss re... |
The production of intervention research is key to informing efforts at improving population health . Randomised controlled trials (rcts) are considered the most internally valid study design and provide the strongest evidence of causal relationships between intervention (exposure) and outcome(s) examined . Observationa... |
The neurogenic urinary bladder is defined as a dysfunctional bladder associated with a known neurological injury, which can be spinal cord injury (sci), multiple sclerosis (ms), spina bifida, etc . . Although the term has been known for at least 30 years now and the concepts behind it are continuously evolving, there i... |
Schizophrenia is a severe and chronic psychiatric disorder that affects ~1% of the population worldwide . Although its pathophysiological mechanism remains unclear, there is compelling evidence from family, twin and adoption studies supporting the involvement of a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia, with an estima... |
Gallstone ileus is a rare complication of cholelithiasis and an uncommon cause of mechanical bowel obstruction [1, 2]. However, there are areas where the incidence of gallstone ileus may be higher, such as chile, mexico and another nations [3, 4, 5]. The incidence of gallstone ileus in mexico is similar to that in othe... |
It is well understood that engaging in regular physical activity (pa) has beneficial physiological and psychological effects on health and well being in adults and children [25]. Specifically, the protective mechanism of pa for the primary and secondary prevention of obesity - related diseases including cardiovascular ... |
Hypothermia has been shown by landmark studies to improve neurologic outcome in patients after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr), . It has, however, become clear that a rapid onset of hypothermia and a controlled, slow rewarming are critical to improve the outcome of those patients . Despite this compelling evidence,... |
But direct proof of multiple cd4 t cell subsets was a long time in coming . Until the mid-1980s, the field lacked two critical techniques: the ability to generate and maintain long - term t cell clones in vitro; and assays to detect and measure t cell secreted cytokines . By 1986, mosmann, then at dnax research institu... |
A giant (3 times of diameter of the coronary artery) coronary cameral fistula (ccf) of the left main coronary artery (lmca) associated with patent ductus arteriosus (pda) is rare . The origin, course of the fistulous tract, size, neighboring structures, exit, shunt size, symptoms and associated with complications such ... |
A 69-year - old caucasian woman presented to outside hospital with complaints of chest pain and shortness of breath . Chest pain started approximately a week ago and lasted for about 5 days but then subsided for a day . Next day, the patient was experiencing continuous chest tightness both on right and left side . The ... |
Implantation of 1st generation drug - eluting stents (dess) has significantly reduced the incidence of restenosis and the need for repeat revascularization, compared to previously used bare - metal stents.1)2) however, increased use of dess has raised safety issues regarding the occurrence of stent thrombosis.3)4) in t... |
Prostate cancer (38%) and breast cancer (20%) are the most common malignancies that result in skull - base metastasis (sbm). In contrast, sbm from hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is an exceedingly rare condition . Therefore, we report a case of sbm from hcc, with the detailed clinical course, treatment strategies, and o... |
Preeclampsia and eclampsia (pe) are major pregnancy specific syndromes that contribute to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality in india . The incidence of pe ranges from 2% to 10%, depending on the population studied and criteria used for diagnosis . Pe are gestational hypertensive disorders develop after 22 week... |
Many patients presenting for cataract surgery are interested in achieving good - quality vision at distance, intermediate, and near without the use of spectacles or contact lenses . Multifocal intraocular lenses (iols) that can provide a wide range of clear and comfortable vision attempt to meet the objective of these ... |
Atherosclerotic vascular disease starts to develop early in life and continues to progress for decades as a silent process . This condition, so - called subclinical atherosclerosis, is highly prevalent in the general adult population . During this period, nonobstructive atherosclerotic plaques may not cause ischemia, b... |
Persistent air leaks are defined as those lasting more than 5 days postoperatively, without forced expiration or expulsion maneuvers . Increased morbidity, prolonged hospitalizations, and increased treatment costs are associated with persistent air leaks . The most common treatment of persistent air leaks is the close ... |
Almost one - half of current medicare enrollees have no third - party insurance for prescription drug coverage . Data from the 1992 medicare current beneficiary survey (mcbs) show that 37 percent of non - institutionalized enrollees had drug coverage through private insurance, and another 14 percent were covered throug... |
The immune system is controlled by cytokine - mediated communication that is dependent on the janus kinase (jak)- signal transducer and activator of transcription (stat) signaling pathway and downstream changes in gene expression (levy and darnell, 2002). Failures in cytokine responses can result in disorders including... |
Both primary hepatocellular carcinomas (hcc) and cancers metastasized to the liver are notoriously aggressive . Recent advance include the approval of multikinase inhibitor sorafenib (nexavar; bayer, morristown, nj, usa) by the food and drug administration for advanced hcc . Survival of these patients is improved for a... |
Atrial fibrillation (af) is a common arrhythmia that is a potent independent risk factor for stroke and has a significant impact on longevity, approximately doubling all - cause and cardiovascular mortality rates . There are an estimated 2.2 million people in the united states (u.s .) With af, with a median age of abou... |
The differential diagnosis of neck mass in childhood encompasses congenital, inflammatory, and neoplastic origins . A congenital neck mass is usually present at birth, however may present at any age . Among the non - inflammatory neck masses in children, branchial cleft cyst, thyroglossal duct cyst, hemangioma, laryngo... |
Accurate calculation of biometric measurements and the power of the intraocular lens (iol) to be implanted is an important issue in preventing residual errors that may remain after cataract surgery which is also described as a kind of refractive surgery [1, 2]. The importance of biometric measurements is even greater i... |
Mediastinal lymph node metastases are common in lung and esophageal cancer and rare in the primary extrathoracic malignancy . Treatment possibilities include surgery, external beam radiotherapy (ebrt), chemotherapy and from the 90's brachytherapy . Surgical procedures such as mediastinal lymphadenectomy, anterior media... |
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