triplets list | passage stringlengths 0 32.9k | label stringlengths 4 48 ⌀ | label_id int64 0 1k ⌀ | synonyms list | __index_level_1__ int64 312 64.1k ⌀ | __index_level_0__ int64 0 2.4k ⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[
"Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC)",
"different from",
"Siege of Jerusalem (63 BC)"
] | null | null | null | null | 14 | |
[
"First Sacred War",
"participant",
"Cirrha"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 | |
[
"First Sacred War",
"participant",
"Sicyon"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 | |
[
"First Sacred War",
"participant",
"Delphic amphictyony"
] | The First Sacred War, or Cirraean War, was fought between the Amphictyonic League of Delphi and the city of Kirrha. At the beginning of the 6th century BC the Pylaeo-Delphic Amphictyony, controlled by the Thessalians, attempted to take hold of the Sacred Land (or Kirrhaean Plain) of Apollo, resulting in this war. The c... | null | null | null | null | 5 |
[
"New Kingdom of Egypt",
"topic's main category",
"Category:New Kingdom of Egypt"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 | |
[
"New Kingdom of Egypt",
"follows",
"Second Intermediate Period of Egypt"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 | |
[
"New Kingdom of Egypt",
"followed by",
"Third Intermediate Period of Egypt"
] | The New Kingdom, also referred to as the Egyptian Empire, is the period in ancient Egyptian history between the sixteenth century BC and the eleventh century BC, covering the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth dynasties of Egypt. Radiocarbon dating places the beginning of the New Kingdom between 1570 BC and 1544 BC.... | null | null | null | null | 7 |
[
"Greek Dark Ages",
"follows",
"Mycenaean Greece"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 | |
[
"Greek Dark Ages",
"followed by",
"Archaic Greece"
] | Continuity thesis
Some scholars have argued against the concept of a Greek Dark Age, on grounds that the former lack of archaeological evidence in a period that was mute in its lack of inscriptions (thus "dark") is an accident of discovery rather than a fact of history. As James Whitley has put it, "The Dark Age of Gre... | null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"Greek Dark Ages",
"different from",
"Dark Ages"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 | |
[
"MUL.APIN",
"main subject",
"astronomy"
] | MUL.APIN (𒀯𒀳) is the conventional title given to a Babylonian compendium that deals with many diverse aspects of Babylonian astronomy and astrology.
It is in the tradition of earlier star catalogues, the so-called Three Stars Each lists, but represents an expanded version based on more accurate observation, likely co... | null | null | null | null | 0 |
[
"Maastrichtian",
"significant event",
"Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event"
] | The Maastrichtian ( ) is, in the ICS geologic timescale, the latest age (uppermost stage) of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or Upper Cretaceous Series, the Cretaceous Period or System, and of the Mesozoic Era or Erathem. It spanned the interval from 72.1 to 66 million years ago. The Maastrichtian was preceded by the Campani... | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Maastrichtian",
"follows",
"Campanian"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 | |
[
"Maastrichtian",
"followed by",
"Danian"
] | The Maastrichtian ( ) is, in the ICS geologic timescale, the latest age (uppermost stage) of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or Upper Cretaceous Series, the Cretaceous Period or System, and of the Mesozoic Era or Erathem. It spanned the interval from 72.1 to 66 million years ago. The Maastrichtian was preceded by the Campani... | null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"Maastrichtian",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Maastrichtian"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 | |
[
"Ypresian",
"significant event",
"Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum"
] | Events
The Ypresian Age begins during the throes of the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). The Fur Formation in Denmark, the Messel shales in Germany, the Oise amber of France and Cambay amber of India are of this age. The Eocene Okanagan Highlands are an uplands subtropical to temperate series of lakes from the... | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Ypresian",
"significant event",
"Eocene Thermal Maximum 2"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 | |
[
"Ypresian",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Ypresian"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 | |
[
"Ypresian",
"follows",
"Thanetian"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 | |
[
"Ypresian",
"followed by",
"Lutetian"
] | In the geologic timescale the Ypresian is the oldest age or lowest stratigraphic stage of the Eocene. It spans the time between 56 and 47.8 Ma, is preceded by the Thanetian Age (part of the Paleocene) and is followed by the Eocene Lutetian Age. The Ypresian is consistent with the lower Eocene. | null | null | null | null | 9 |
[
"Danian",
"significant event",
"Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event"
] | The Danian is the oldest age or lowest stage of the Paleocene Epoch or Series, of the Paleogene Period or System, and of the Cenozoic Era or Erathem. The beginning of the Danian (and the end of the preceding Maastrichtian) is at the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event 66 Ma. The age ended 61.6 Ma, being followed by t... | null | null | null | null | 2 |
[
"Danian",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Danian"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 | |
[
"Danian",
"followed by",
"Selandian"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 | |
[
"Danian",
"follows",
"Maastrichtian"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 | |
[
"Danian",
"different from",
"Dan"
] | null | null | null | null | 11 | |
[
"First Messenian War",
"participant",
"Sparta"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 | |
[
"First Messenian War",
"participant",
"Messenia"
] | Cause
Immediate provocation
A generation later "the mutual hatred of the Lakonians and Messenians came to a head." The immediate provocation was an incident of cattle theft. Polychares of Messenia, an athlete and Olympic victor, leased some grazing land from Euaiphnos the Spartan, who promptly sold the cattle to some m... | null | null | null | null | 8 |
[
"Cretaceous",
"follows",
"Jurassic"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 | |
[
"Cretaceous",
"followed by",
"Paleogene"
] | The Cretaceous (IPA: krih-TAY-shəs) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of the entire Phanerozoic. The name is derived from the Lati... | null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"Cretaceous",
"significant event",
"Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event"
] | The Cretaceous (IPA: krih-TAY-shəs) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of the entire Phanerozoic. The name is derived from the Lati... | null | null | null | null | 5 |
[
"Cretaceous",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Cretaceous"
] | null | null | null | null | 15 | |
[
"Cretaceous",
"different from",
"Kridt"
] | null | null | null | null | 18 | |
[
"Paleocene",
"different from",
"Paleogene"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 | |
[
"Paleocene",
"followed by",
"Eocene"
] | The Paleocene, (IPA: PAL-ee-ə-seen, -ee-oh-, PAY-lee-) or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name is a combination of the Ancient Greek παλαιός palaiós meaning "old" and the Eocene Epo... | null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"Paleocene",
"follows",
"Late Cretaceous"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 | |
[
"Paleocene",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Paleocene"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 | |
[
"Late Cretaceous",
"followed by",
"Palaeocene"
] | Cretaceous–Paleogene mass extinction discovery
The Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event was a large-scale mass extinction of animal and plant species in a geologically short period of time, approximately 66 million years ago (Ma). It is widely known as the K–T extinction event and is associated with a geological signa... | null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"Late Cretaceous",
"follows",
"Early Cretaceous"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 | |
[
"Late Cretaceous",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Late Cretaceous"
] | null | null | null | null | 13 | |
[
"Thanetian",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Thanetian"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 | |
[
"Thanetian",
"follows",
"Selandian"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 | |
[
"Thanetian",
"followed by",
"Ypresian"
] | The Thanetian is, in the ICS Geologic timescale, the latest age or uppermost stratigraphic stage of the Paleocene Epoch or Series. It spans the time between 59.2 and 56 Ma. The Thanetian is preceded by the Selandian Age and followed by the Ypresian Age (part of the Eocene). The Thanetian is sometimes referred to as the... | null | null | null | null | 6 |
[
"Ionian Revolt",
"participant",
"Cyprus"
] | Spread of the revolt
The Athenians now ended their alliance with the Ionians, since the Persians had proved to be anything but the easy prey that Aristagoras had described. However, the Ionians remained committed to their rebellion and the Persians did not seem to follow up their victory at Ephesus. Presumably these ad... | null | null | null | null | 0 |
[
"Ionian Revolt",
"participant",
"Athens"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 | |
[
"Ionian Revolt",
"participant",
"Doric hexapolis"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 | |
[
"Ionian Revolt",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Ionian Revolt"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 | |
[
"Ionian Revolt",
"participant",
"Achaemenid Empire"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 | |
[
"Ionian Revolt",
"participant",
"Ionia"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 | |
[
"Ionian Revolt",
"participant",
"Eretria"
] | Sardis
In the spring of 498 BC, an Athenian force of twenty triremes, accompanied by five from Eretria, set sail for Ionia. They joined up with the main Ionian force near Ephesus. Declining to personally lead the force, Aristagoras appointed his brother Charopinus and another Milesian, Hermophantus, as generals.This fo... | null | null | null | null | 8 |
[
"Ionian Revolt",
"participant",
"Caria"
] | null | null | null | null | 10 | |
[
"Ionian Revolt",
"participant",
"Aeolis"
] | null | null | null | null | 11 | |
[
"Cypriot syllabary",
"based on",
"Linear A"
] | The Cypriot or Cypriote syllabary is a syllabic script used in Iron Age Cyprus, in the 4th century BCE and is descended from the Cypro-Minoan syllabary, in turn, a variant or derivative of Linear A. Most texts using the script are in the Arcadocypriot dialect of Greek, but also one bilingual (Greek and non-Greek Amathu... | null | null | null | null | 0 |
[
"Cypriot syllabary",
"based on",
"Cypro-Minoan"
] | The Cypriot or Cypriote syllabary is a syllabic script used in Iron Age Cyprus, in the 4th century BCE and is descended from the Cypro-Minoan syllabary, in turn, a variant or derivative of Linear A. Most texts using the script are in the Arcadocypriot dialect of Greek, but also one bilingual (Greek and non-Greek Amathu... | null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"Overthrow of the Roman monarchy",
"follows",
"Second Roman Kingdom"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 | |
[
"Overthrow of the Roman monarchy",
"followed by",
"Early Roman Republic"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 | |
[
"Bartonian",
"followed by",
"Priabonian"
] | The Bartonian is, in the ICS's geologic time scale, a stage or age in the middle Eocene Epoch or Series. The Bartonian Age spans the time between 41.2 and 37.71 Ma. It is preceded by the Lutetian and is followed by the Priabonian Age.Stratigraphic definition
The Bartonian Stage was introduced by Swiss stratigrapher Kar... | null | null | null | null | 2 |
[
"Bartonian",
"follows",
"Lutetian"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 | |
[
"Bartonian",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Bartonian"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 | |
[
"Lutetian",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Lutetian"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 | |
[
"Lutetian",
"followed by",
"Bartonian"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 | |
[
"Lutetian",
"follows",
"Ypresian"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 | |
[
"Kalinga War",
"participant",
"Ashoka"
] | Background
According to political scientist Sudama Misra, the Kalinga janapada originally comprised the area covered by the Puri and Ganjam districts.The reasons for invading Kalinga were to bring peace and for power. Kalinga was a prosperous region consisting of peaceful and artistically skilled people. The northern p... | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Kalinga War",
"participant",
"Maurya Empire"
] | Background
According to political scientist Sudama Misra, the Kalinga janapada originally comprised the area covered by the Puri and Ganjam districts.The reasons for invading Kalinga were to bring peace and for power. Kalinga was a prosperous region consisting of peaceful and artistically skilled people. The northern p... | null | null | null | null | 2 |
[
"Kalinga War",
"participant",
"Kalinga"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 | |
[
"Mercenary War",
"participant",
"mercenary"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 | |
[
"Mercenary War",
"participant",
"Ancient Carthage"
] | The Mercenary War, also known as the Truceless War, was a mutiny by troops that were employed by Carthage at the end of the First Punic War (264–241 BC), supported by uprisings of African settlements revolting against Carthaginian control. It lasted from 241 to late 238 or early 237 BC and ended with Carthage suppressi... | null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"Mercenary War",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Mercenary War"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 | |
[
"First Punic War",
"followed by",
"Second Punic War"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 | |
[
"First Punic War",
"participant",
"list of tyrants of Syracuse"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 | |
[
"First Punic War",
"participant",
"Ancient Rome"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 | |
[
"First Punic War",
"participant",
"Ancient Carthage"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 | |
[
"First Punic War",
"topic's main category",
"Category:First Punic War"
] | null | null | null | null | 10 | |
[
"Jōmon period",
"followed by",
"Yayoi period"
] | The Japanese chestnut, Castanea crenata, becomes essential, not only as a nut bearing tree, but also because it was extremely durable in wet conditions and became the most used timber for building houses during the Late Jōmon phase.During the Final Jōmon period, a slow shift was taking place in western Japan: steadily ... | null | null | null | null | 0 |
[
"Jōmon period",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Jōmon period"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 | |
[
"Jōmon period",
"follows",
"Japanese Paleolithic"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 | |
[
"Jōmon period",
"followed by",
"Epi-Jōmon period"
] | Outside Hokkaido, the Final Jōmon is succeeded by a new farming culture, the Yayoi (c. 300 BC – AD 300), named after an archaeological site near Tokyo.Within Hokkaido, the Jōmon is succeeded by the Okhotsk culture and Zoku-Jōmon (post-Jōmon) or Epi-Jōmon culture, which later replaced or merged with the Satsumon culture... | null | null | null | null | 8 |
[
"Chavín culture",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Chavin culture"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 | |
[
"Priabonian",
"followed by",
"Rupelian"
] | The Priabonian is, in the ICS's geologic timescale, the latest age or the upper stage of the Eocene Epoch or Series. It spans the time between 37.71 and 33.9 Ma. The Priabonian is preceded by the Bartonian and is followed by the Rupelian, the lowest stage of the Oligocene.Stratigraphic definition
The Priabonian Stage w... | null | null | null | null | 5 |
[
"Priabonian",
"follows",
"Bartonian"
] | The Priabonian is, in the ICS's geologic timescale, the latest age or the upper stage of the Eocene Epoch or Series. It spans the time between 37.71 and 33.9 Ma. The Priabonian is preceded by the Bartonian and is followed by the Rupelian, the lowest stage of the Oligocene. | null | null | null | null | 6 |
[
"Priabonian",
"said to be the same as",
"Ludien"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 | |
[
"Priabonian",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Priabonian"
] | null | null | null | null | 10 | |
[
"Eocene",
"follows",
"Palaeocene"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 | |
[
"Eocene",
"significant event",
"Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum"
] | Geology
Boundaries
The Eocene is a dynamic epoch that represents global climatic transitions between two climatic extremes, transitioning from the hot house to the cold house. The beginning of the Eocene is marked by the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum, a short period of intense warming and ocean acidification brought... | null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"Eocene",
"followed by",
"Oligocene"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 | |
[
"Eocene",
"significant event",
"Eocene Thermal Maximum 2"
] | null | null | null | null | 12 | |
[
"Eocene",
"significant event",
"Eocene–Oligocene extinction event"
] | Geology
Boundaries
The Eocene is a dynamic epoch that represents global climatic transitions between two climatic extremes, transitioning from the hot house to the cold house. The beginning of the Eocene is marked by the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum, a short period of intense warming and ocean acidification brought... | null | null | null | null | 13 |
[
"Eocene",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Eocene"
] | null | null | null | null | 14 | |
[
"Second Sacred War",
"participant",
"Sparta"
] | The Second Sacred War was the Spartan defeat of Phocians at Delphi and the restoration of Delphian self-control.
In 458 or 457 BC, Phocians captured three towns in the Spartan metropolis of Doris. A Spartan army marched on Doris, defeated the Phocians, and restored Dorian rule. On their way back to Peloponnese, Athen... | null | null | null | null | 2 |
[
"Second Sacred War",
"participant",
"Delphi"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 | |
[
"Second Sacred War",
"participant",
"Classical Athens"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 | |
[
"Second Sacred War",
"participant",
"Phocis"
] | The Second Sacred War was the Spartan defeat of Phocians at Delphi and the restoration of Delphian self-control.
In 458 or 457 BC, Phocians captured three towns in the Spartan metropolis of Doris. A Spartan army marched on Doris, defeated the Phocians, and restored Dorian rule. On their way back to Peloponnese, Athen... | null | null | null | null | 5 |
[
"Selandian",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Selandian"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 | |
[
"Selandian",
"follows",
"Danian"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 | |
[
"Selandian",
"followed by",
"Thanetian"
] | The Selandian is a stage in the Paleocene. It spans the time between 61.6 and 59.2 Ma. It is preceded by the Danian and followed by the Thanetian. Sometimes the Paleocene is subdivided in subepochs, in which the Selandian forms the "middle Paleocene". | null | null | null | null | 8 |
[
"Aquitanian (stage)",
"follows",
"Chattian"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 | |
[
"Aquitanian (stage)",
"followed by",
"Burdigalian"
] | The Aquitanian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, the oldest age or lowest stage in the Miocene. It spans the time between 23.03 ± 0.05 Ma and 20.43 ± 0.05 Ma (million years ago) during the Early Miocene. It was a dry, cooling period. The Aquitanian succeeds the Chattian (the youngest age of the Oligocene) and precede... | null | null | null | null | 5 |
[
"Burdigalian",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Burdigalian"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 | |
[
"Burdigalian",
"followed by",
"Langhian"
] | The Burdigalian is, in the geologic timescale, an age or stage in the early Miocene. It spans the time between 20.43 ± 0.05 Ma and 15.97 ± 0.05 Ma (million years ago). Preceded by the Aquitanian, the Burdigalian was the first and longest warming period of the Miocene and is succeeded by the Langhian. | null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"Burdigalian",
"follows",
"Aquitanian"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 | |
[
"Samian War",
"participant",
"Samos"
] | The Samian War (440–439 BC) was an Ancient Greek military conflict between Athens and Samos. The war was initiated by Athens's intervention in a dispute between Samos and Miletus. When the Samians refused to break off their attacks on Miletus as ordered, the Athenians easily drove out the oligarchic government of Sam... | null | null | null | null | 2 |
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