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Ancient Carthage had what language, which stemed from Phoenician? | This growing coalition expanded the potential enemies that Rome might face, and moved Rome closer to confrontation with major powers. The result was more alliance-seeking, on the part of both the Roman confederacy and city-states seeking membership (and protection) within that confederacy. While there were exceptions t... | Punic | advqa_10200 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who was wise to use cheat to win? | The Jugurthine War of 111–104 BC was fought between Rome and Jugurtha of the North African kingdom of Numidia. It constituted the final Roman pacification of Northern Africa, after which Rome largely ceased expansion on the continent after reaching natural barriers of desert and mountain. Following Jugurtha's usurpatio... | Jugurtha | advqa_10201 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What relationship did Numidia have to Rome? | The Jugurthine War of 111–104 BC was fought between Rome and Jugurtha of the North African kingdom of Numidia. It constituted the final Roman pacification of Northern Africa, after which Rome largely ceased expansion on the continent after reaching natural barriers of desert and mountain. Following Jugurtha's usurpatio... | a loyal ally | advqa_10202 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What would make one think if it wasn't for natural barriers that Rome would have continued expanding? | The Jugurthine War of 111–104 BC was fought between Rome and Jugurtha of the North African kingdom of Numidia. It constituted the final Roman pacification of Northern Africa, after which Rome largely ceased expansion on the continent after reaching natural barriers of desert and mountain. Following Jugurtha's usurpatio... | It constituted the final Roman pacification of Northern Africa, after which Rome largely ceased expansion on the continent after reaching natural barriers of desert and mountain | advqa_10203 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
To Rome, what was Numidia? | The Jugurthine War of 111–104 BC was fought between Rome and Jugurtha of the North African kingdom of Numidia. It constituted the final Roman pacification of Northern Africa, after which Rome largely ceased expansion on the continent after reaching natural barriers of desert and mountain. Following Jugurtha's usurpatio... | a loyal ally | advqa_10204 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What in Africa kept Rome from expanding its empire further? | The Jugurthine War of 111–104 BC was fought between Rome and Jugurtha of the North African kingdom of Numidia. It constituted the final Roman pacification of Northern Africa, after which Rome largely ceased expansion on the continent after reaching natural barriers of desert and mountain. Following Jugurtha's usurpatio... | natural barriers of desert and mountain | advqa_10205 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who helped? | The Jugurthine War of 111–104 BC was fought between Rome and Jugurtha of the North African kingdom of Numidia. It constituted the final Roman pacification of Northern Africa, after which Rome largely ceased expansion on the continent after reaching natural barriers of desert and mountain. Following Jugurtha's usurpatio... | Numidia | advqa_10206 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who turned their backs on someone? | The Jugurthine War of 111–104 BC was fought between Rome and Jugurtha of the North African kingdom of Numidia. It constituted the final Roman pacification of Northern Africa, after which Rome largely ceased expansion on the continent after reaching natural barriers of desert and mountain. Following Jugurtha's usurpatio... | Romans | advqa_10207 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Where was Numidia? | The Jugurthine War of 111–104 BC was fought between Rome and Jugurtha of the North African kingdom of Numidia. It constituted the final Roman pacification of Northern Africa, after which Rome largely ceased expansion on the continent after reaching natural barriers of desert and mountain. Following Jugurtha's usurpatio... | Northern Africa | advqa_10208 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Why did Rome initiate the Jugurthine War? | The Jugurthine War of 111–104 BC was fought between Rome and Jugurtha of the North African kingdom of Numidia. It constituted the final Roman pacification of Northern Africa, after which Rome largely ceased expansion on the continent after reaching natural barriers of desert and mountain. Following Jugurtha's usurpatio... | Jugurtha's usurpation of the throne of Numidia | advqa_10209 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What was contested? | The Jugurthine War of 111–104 BC was fought between Rome and Jugurtha of the North African kingdom of Numidia. It constituted the final Roman pacification of Northern Africa, after which Rome largely ceased expansion on the continent after reaching natural barriers of desert and mountain. Following Jugurtha's usurpatio... | usurpation | advqa_10210 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What no longer happened? | The Jugurthine War of 111–104 BC was fought between Rome and Jugurtha of the North African kingdom of Numidia. It constituted the final Roman pacification of Northern Africa, after which Rome largely ceased expansion on the continent after reaching natural barriers of desert and mountain. Following Jugurtha's usurpatio... | expansion | advqa_10211 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
The opposite of losses is called? | One disadvantage of the phalanx was that it was only effective when fighting in large, open spaces, which left the Romans at a disadvantage when fighting in the hilly terrain of central Italian peninsula. In the 4th century BC, the Romans abandoned the phalanx in favour of the more flexible manipular formation. This ch... | victories | advqa_10212 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Individuals from the country of Rome today is considered to be of what nationality? | One disadvantage of the phalanx was that it was only effective when fighting in large, open spaces, which left the Romans at a disadvantage when fighting in the hilly terrain of central Italian peninsula. In the 4th century BC, the Romans abandoned the phalanx in favour of the more flexible manipular formation. This ch... | Italian | advqa_10213 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Why did the Romans choose to replace the phalanx formation? | One disadvantage of the phalanx was that it was only effective when fighting in large, open spaces, which left the Romans at a disadvantage when fighting in the hilly terrain of central Italian peninsula. In the 4th century BC, the Romans abandoned the phalanx in favour of the more flexible manipular formation. This ch... | it was only effective when fighting in large, open spaces | advqa_10214 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What year was the campaign into Gaul? | One disadvantage of the phalanx was that it was only effective when fighting in large, open spaces, which left the Romans at a disadvantage when fighting in the hilly terrain of central Italian peninsula. In the 4th century BC, the Romans abandoned the phalanx in favour of the more flexible manipular formation. This ch... | 390 BC | advqa_10215 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Relating to the region of ancient France is called? | One disadvantage of the phalanx was that it was only effective when fighting in large, open spaces, which left the Romans at a disadvantage when fighting in the hilly terrain of central Italian peninsula. In the 4th century BC, the Romans abandoned the phalanx in favour of the more flexible manipular formation. This ch... | Gallic | advqa_10216 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
When was the manipular formation first used? | One disadvantage of the phalanx was that it was only effective when fighting in large, open spaces, which left the Romans at a disadvantage when fighting in the hilly terrain of central Italian peninsula. In the 4th century BC, the Romans abandoned the phalanx in favour of the more flexible manipular formation. This ch... | shortly after the Gallic invasion of 390 BC | advqa_10217 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who were Romes southern enemies at the end of the 4th Century BC? | One disadvantage of the phalanx was that it was only effective when fighting in large, open spaces, which left the Romans at a disadvantage when fighting in the hilly terrain of central Italian peninsula. In the 4th century BC, the Romans abandoned the phalanx in favour of the more flexible manipular formation. This ch... | Samnite | advqa_10218 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
A landmass projecting out into a body of water is called a? | One disadvantage of the phalanx was that it was only effective when fighting in large, open spaces, which left the Romans at a disadvantage when fighting in the hilly terrain of central Italian peninsula. In the 4th century BC, the Romans abandoned the phalanx in favour of the more flexible manipular formation. This ch... | peninsula | advqa_10219 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What didn't the Romans prefer: the phalanx or the manipular formation? | One disadvantage of the phalanx was that it was only effective when fighting in large, open spaces, which left the Romans at a disadvantage when fighting in the hilly terrain of central Italian peninsula. In the 4th century BC, the Romans abandoned the phalanx in favour of the more flexible manipular formation. This ch... | phalanx | advqa_10220 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
The antonym of advantage is called? | One disadvantage of the phalanx was that it was only effective when fighting in large, open spaces, which left the Romans at a disadvantage when fighting in the hilly terrain of central Italian peninsula. In the 4th century BC, the Romans abandoned the phalanx in favour of the more flexible manipular formation. This ch... | disadvantage | advqa_10221 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who did not come out victorious during 326 to 304 BC: Romans or Samnite? | One disadvantage of the phalanx was that it was only effective when fighting in large, open spaces, which left the Romans at a disadvantage when fighting in the hilly terrain of central Italian peninsula. In the 4th century BC, the Romans abandoned the phalanx in favour of the more flexible manipular formation. This ch... | Romans | advqa_10222 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Where didn't the Romans get the idea of using the manipular formation: Marcus Furius Camillus or the Samnite enemies? | One disadvantage of the phalanx was that it was only effective when fighting in large, open spaces, which left the Romans at a disadvantage when fighting in the hilly terrain of central Italian peninsula. In the 4th century BC, the Romans abandoned the phalanx in favour of the more flexible manipular formation. This ch... | Marcus Furius Camillus | advqa_10223 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Which campaign is the more likely to be responsible for the manipular formation? | One disadvantage of the phalanx was that it was only effective when fighting in large, open spaces, which left the Romans at a disadvantage when fighting in the hilly terrain of central Italian peninsula. In the 4th century BC, the Romans abandoned the phalanx in favour of the more flexible manipular formation. This ch... | Second Samnite War | advqa_10224 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What did the Romans need to do before their expansion? | After recovering surprisingly fast from the sack of Rome, the Romans immediately resumed their expansion within Italy. The First Samnite War from 343 BC to 341 BC was relatively short: the Romans beat the Samnites in two battles, but were forced to withdraw before they could pursue the conflict further due to the revol... | recovering surprisingly fast | advqa_10225 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What were Vesuvius and Trifanum before the Romans arrived? | After recovering surprisingly fast from the sack of Rome, the Romans immediately resumed their expansion within Italy. The First Samnite War from 343 BC to 341 BC was relatively short: the Romans beat the Samnites in two battles, but were forced to withdraw before they could pursue the conflict further due to the revol... | Latin cities | advqa_10226 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Which battle was first, Trifanum or Vesuvius? | After recovering surprisingly fast from the sack of Rome, the Romans immediately resumed their expansion within Italy. The First Samnite War from 343 BC to 341 BC was relatively short: the Romans beat the Samnites in two battles, but were forced to withdraw before they could pursue the conflict further due to the revol... | Vesuvius | advqa_10227 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what conflict is mentioned third to last? | After recovering surprisingly fast from the sack of Rome, the Romans immediately resumed their expansion within Italy. The First Samnite War from 343 BC to 341 BC was relatively short: the Romans beat the Samnites in two battles, but were forced to withdraw before they could pursue the conflict further due to the revol... | the Latin War | advqa_10228 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What did the Latin allies make the Romans to do? | After recovering surprisingly fast from the sack of Rome, the Romans immediately resumed their expansion within Italy. The First Samnite War from 343 BC to 341 BC was relatively short: the Romans beat the Samnites in two battles, but were forced to withdraw before they could pursue the conflict further due to the revol... | forced to withdraw before they could pursue the conflict | advqa_10229 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What did the Romans do before beating the latins? | After recovering surprisingly fast from the sack of Rome, the Romans immediately resumed their expansion within Italy. The First Samnite War from 343 BC to 341 BC was relatively short: the Romans beat the Samnites in two battles, but were forced to withdraw before they could pursue the conflict further due to the revol... | beat the Samnites | advqa_10230 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what ethnicity is mentioned last? | After recovering surprisingly fast from the sack of Rome, the Romans immediately resumed their expansion within Italy. The First Samnite War from 343 BC to 341 BC was relatively short: the Romans beat the Samnites in two battles, but were forced to withdraw before they could pursue the conflict further due to the revol... | Roman | advqa_10231 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what group is mentioned first? | After recovering surprisingly fast from the sack of Rome, the Romans immediately resumed their expansion within Italy. The First Samnite War from 343 BC to 341 BC was relatively short: the Romans beat the Samnites in two battles, but were forced to withdraw before they could pursue the conflict further due to the revol... | Romans | advqa_10232 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What happened to the people of Rome after the First Samnite War? | After recovering surprisingly fast from the sack of Rome, the Romans immediately resumed their expansion within Italy. The First Samnite War from 343 BC to 341 BC was relatively short: the Romans beat the Samnites in two battles, but were forced to withdraw before they could pursue the conflict further due to the revol... | forced to withdraw | advqa_10233 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What did Rome do before continuing the war? | After recovering surprisingly fast from the sack of Rome, the Romans immediately resumed their expansion within Italy. The First Samnite War from 343 BC to 341 BC was relatively short: the Romans beat the Samnites in two battles, but were forced to withdraw before they could pursue the conflict further due to the revol... | withdraw | advqa_10234 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what place is mentioned first?' | After recovering surprisingly fast from the sack of Rome, the Romans immediately resumed their expansion within Italy. The First Samnite War from 343 BC to 341 BC was relatively short: the Romans beat the Samnites in two battles, but were forced to withdraw before they could pursue the conflict further due to the revol... | Rome | advqa_10235 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what place is mentioned second? | After recovering surprisingly fast from the sack of Rome, the Romans immediately resumed their expansion within Italy. The First Samnite War from 343 BC to 341 BC was relatively short: the Romans beat the Samnites in two battles, but were forced to withdraw before they could pursue the conflict further due to the revol... | Italy | advqa_10236 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How did Giaus implement his ultimate goal? | Tiberius' brother Gaius was elected tribune in 123 BC. Gaius Gracchus' ultimate goal was to weaken the senate and to strengthen the democratic forces. In the past, for example, the senate would eliminate political rivals either by establishing special judicial commissions or by passing a senatus consultum ultimum ("ult... | declared the senatus consultum ultimum to be unconstitutional | advqa_10237 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who was against granting citizenship to their allies? | Tiberius' brother Gaius was elected tribune in 123 BC. Gaius Gracchus' ultimate goal was to weaken the senate and to strengthen the democratic forces. In the past, for example, the senate would eliminate political rivals either by establishing special judicial commissions or by passing a senatus consultum ultimum ("ult... | the plebeians | advqa_10238 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who opposed the citizenship law suggested by Tiberius' brother? | Tiberius' brother Gaius was elected tribune in 123 BC. Gaius Gracchus' ultimate goal was to weaken the senate and to strengthen the democratic forces. In the past, for example, the senate would eliminate political rivals either by establishing special judicial commissions or by passing a senatus consultum ultimum ("ult... | the plebeians | advqa_10239 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who is the brother of the man that was killed by senate representatives in 121 BC? | Tiberius' brother Gaius was elected tribune in 123 BC. Gaius Gracchus' ultimate goal was to weaken the senate and to strengthen the democratic forces. In the past, for example, the senate would eliminate political rivals either by establishing special judicial commissions or by passing a senatus consultum ultimum ("ult... | Tiberius | advqa_10240 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who caused the death of the man whose goal was to strengthen democratic forces and weaken the senate? | Tiberius' brother Gaius was elected tribune in 123 BC. Gaius Gracchus' ultimate goal was to weaken the senate and to strengthen the democratic forces. In the past, for example, the senate would eliminate political rivals either by establishing special judicial commissions or by passing a senatus consultum ultimum ("ult... | representatives of the senate | advqa_10241 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Besides special judicial commissions, what allowed the senate to skip due process rights? | Tiberius' brother Gaius was elected tribune in 123 BC. Gaius Gracchus' ultimate goal was to weaken the senate and to strengthen the democratic forces. In the past, for example, the senate would eliminate political rivals either by establishing special judicial commissions or by passing a senatus consultum ultimum ("ult... | passing a senatus consultum ultimum | advqa_10242 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who was removed after a senatus consultum ultimum was passed? | Tiberius' brother Gaius was elected tribune in 123 BC. Gaius Gracchus' ultimate goal was to weaken the senate and to strengthen the democratic forces. In the past, for example, the senate would eliminate political rivals either by establishing special judicial commissions or by passing a senatus consultum ultimum ("ult... | political rivals | advqa_10243 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What caused the demise and murder of Gaius? | Tiberius' brother Gaius was elected tribune in 123 BC. Gaius Gracchus' ultimate goal was to weaken the senate and to strengthen the democratic forces. In the past, for example, the senate would eliminate political rivals either by establishing special judicial commissions or by passing a senatus consultum ultimum ("ult... | Gaius then proposed a law which would grant citizenship rights to Rome's Italian allies. This last proposal was not popular with the plebeians and he lost much of his support | advqa_10244 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who fought in the Ogaden War? | Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of S... | Somalia on one side, and Ethiopia, Cuba and the Soviet Union on the other | advqa_10245 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How did the imperial powers divide up the Somali people? | Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of S... | artificially and some might say arbitrarily | advqa_10246 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what nation is mentioned second to last? | Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of S... | Cuba | advqa_10247 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
One country stands out as the last one listed, which is it? | Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of S... | Kenya | advqa_10248 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How were the countries divided up? | Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of S... | artificially and some might say arbitrarily | advqa_10249 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How did Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and parts of Kenya get divided? | Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of S... | artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers | advqa_10250 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
The Somali empires are listed in the paragraph and one rhymes with 'rate', which one is that? | Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of S... | Dervish State | advqa_10251 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How are the Russians involved? | Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of S... | Ogaden War | advqa_10252 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who divided up the countries in the Horn of Africa? | Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of S... | the former imperial powers | advqa_10253 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what area is mentioned second? | Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of S... | Somalia | advqa_10254 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
There is something called a Horn of Plenty, is there another kind in this paragraph? | Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of S... | Horn of Africa | advqa_10255 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what nation is mentioned fourth to last? | Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of S... | Somalia | advqa_10256 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what nation is mentioned third to last? | Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of S... | Ethiopia | advqa_10257 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Of the four different countries, which one shows up 2nd in our list? | Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of S... | Djibouti | advqa_10258 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what group is first mentioned? | Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of S... | Somali people | advqa_10259 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What might have happened to purposely impose separation? | Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of S... | Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers | advqa_10260 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
There are four countries that the Somali people are divided amongst, which one is the third in the list? | Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of S... | Ethiopia | advqa_10261 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who was effected by Pan-Somalism? | Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of S... | Ajuran Empire, the Adal Sultanate, the Gobroon Dynasty and the Dervish State | advqa_10262 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is the M1 haplogroup? | According to mtDNA studies by Holden (2005) and Richards et al. (2006), a significant proportion of the maternal lineages of Somalis consists of the M1 haplogroup. This mitochondrial clade is common among Ethiopians and North Africans, particularly Egyptians and Algerians. M1 is believed to have originated in Asia, whe... | mitochondrial clade | advqa_10263 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What does mtDNA stand for? | According to mtDNA studies by Holden (2005) and Richards et al. (2006), a significant proportion of the maternal lineages of Somalis consists of the M1 haplogroup. This mitochondrial clade is common among Ethiopians and North Africans, particularly Egyptians and Algerians. M1 is believed to have originated in Asia, whe... | mitochondrial | advqa_10264 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Besides Africa, which continent has people share same mitochondrial with Somalis, Australis or Asia? | According to mtDNA studies by Holden (2005) and Richards et al. (2006), a significant proportion of the maternal lineages of Somalis consists of the M1 haplogroup. This mitochondrial clade is common among Ethiopians and North Africans, particularly Egyptians and Algerians. M1 is believed to have originated in Asia, whe... | Asia | advqa_10265 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
egyptians are also what | According to mtDNA studies by Holden (2005) and Richards et al. (2006), a significant proportion of the maternal lineages of Somalis consists of the M1 haplogroup. This mitochondrial clade is common among Ethiopians and North Africans, particularly Egyptians and Algerians. M1 is believed to have originated in Asia, whe... | North Africans | advqa_10266 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
the maternal dna of somalis comes from where | According to mtDNA studies by Holden (2005) and Richards et al. (2006), a significant proportion of the maternal lineages of Somalis consists of the M1 haplogroup. This mitochondrial clade is common among Ethiopians and North Africans, particularly Egyptians and Algerians. M1 is believed to have originated in Asia, whe... | Asia | advqa_10267 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Besides Africa, which continent has people share same mitochondrial with Egyptians, Australis or Asia? | According to mtDNA studies by Holden (2005) and Richards et al. (2006), a significant proportion of the maternal lineages of Somalis consists of the M1 haplogroup. This mitochondrial clade is common among Ethiopians and North Africans, particularly Egyptians and Algerians. M1 is believed to have originated in Asia, whe... | Asia | advqa_10268 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Besides Africa, which continent has people share same mitochondrial with Somalis, Europe or Asia? | According to mtDNA studies by Holden (2005) and Richards et al. (2006), a significant proportion of the maternal lineages of Somalis consists of the M1 haplogroup. This mitochondrial clade is common among Ethiopians and North Africans, particularly Egyptians and Algerians. M1 is believed to have originated in Asia, whe... | Asia | advqa_10269 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
algerians are also what | According to mtDNA studies by Holden (2005) and Richards et al. (2006), a significant proportion of the maternal lineages of Somalis consists of the M1 haplogroup. This mitochondrial clade is common among Ethiopians and North Africans, particularly Egyptians and Algerians. M1 is believed to have originated in Asia, whe... | North Africans | advqa_10270 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Besides Africa, which continent has people share same mitochondrial withAlgerians, Australis or Asia? | According to mtDNA studies by Holden (2005) and Richards et al. (2006), a significant proportion of the maternal lineages of Somalis consists of the M1 haplogroup. This mitochondrial clade is common among Ethiopians and North Africans, particularly Egyptians and Algerians. M1 is believed to have originated in Asia, whe... | Asia | advqa_10271 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is the child type of the M clade? | According to mtDNA studies by Holden (2005) and Richards et al. (2006), a significant proportion of the maternal lineages of Somalis consists of the M1 haplogroup. This mitochondrial clade is common among Ethiopians and North Africans, particularly Egyptians and Algerians. M1 is believed to have originated in Asia, whe... | M1 | advqa_10272 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Are most Somalis members of the M1 haplogroup because of their mothers or their fathers? | According to mtDNA studies by Holden (2005) and Richards et al. (2006), a significant proportion of the maternal lineages of Somalis consists of the M1 haplogroup. This mitochondrial clade is common among Ethiopians and North Africans, particularly Egyptians and Algerians. M1 is believed to have originated in Asia, whe... | maternal | advqa_10273 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what people did holden study | According to mtDNA studies by Holden (2005) and Richards et al. (2006), a significant proportion of the maternal lineages of Somalis consists of the M1 haplogroup. This mitochondrial clade is common among Ethiopians and North Africans, particularly Egyptians and Algerians. M1 is believed to have originated in Asia, whe... | Somalis | advqa_10274 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Is the M clade group or the M1 clade group larger? | According to mtDNA studies by Holden (2005) and Richards et al. (2006), a significant proportion of the maternal lineages of Somalis consists of the M1 haplogroup. This mitochondrial clade is common among Ethiopians and North Africans, particularly Egyptians and Algerians. M1 is believed to have originated in Asia, whe... | M clade | advqa_10275 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
maternal dna is also called | According to mtDNA studies by Holden (2005) and Richards et al. (2006), a significant proportion of the maternal lineages of Somalis consists of the M1 haplogroup. This mitochondrial clade is common among Ethiopians and North Africans, particularly Egyptians and Algerians. M1 is believed to have originated in Asia, whe... | mitochondrial | advqa_10276 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What might not be on the palm of the hands? | Additionally, henna is an important part of Somali culture. It is worn by Somali women on their hands, arms, feet and neck during weddings, Eid, Ramadan, and other festive occasions. Somali henna designs are similar to those in the Arabian peninsula, often featuring flower motifs and triangular shapes. The palm is also... | flower motifs and triangular shapes | advqa_10277 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Henna can be applied at? | Additionally, henna is an important part of Somali culture. It is worn by Somali women on their hands, arms, feet and neck during weddings, Eid, Ramadan, and other festive occasions. Somali henna designs are similar to those in the Arabian peninsula, often featuring flower motifs and triangular shapes. The palm is also... | parties | advqa_10278 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What henna parties might occur after the wedding? | Additionally, henna is an important part of Somali culture. It is worn by Somali women on their hands, arms, feet and neck during weddings, Eid, Ramadan, and other festive occasions. Somali henna designs are similar to those in the Arabian peninsula, often featuring flower motifs and triangular shapes. The palm is also... | Eid, Ramadan, and other festive occasions | advqa_10279 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Kohl is a type of? | Additionally, henna is an important part of Somali culture. It is worn by Somali women on their hands, arms, feet and neck during weddings, Eid, Ramadan, and other festive occasions. Somali henna designs are similar to those in the Arabian peninsula, often featuring flower motifs and triangular shapes. The palm is also... | eye cosmetic | advqa_10280 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Henna applies a colored what to the hand? | Additionally, henna is an important part of Somali culture. It is worn by Somali women on their hands, arms, feet and neck during weddings, Eid, Ramadan, and other festive occasions. Somali henna designs are similar to those in the Arabian peninsula, often featuring flower motifs and triangular shapes. The palm is also... | dye | advqa_10281 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Henna is for? | Additionally, henna is an important part of Somali culture. It is worn by Somali women on their hands, arms, feet and neck during weddings, Eid, Ramadan, and other festive occasions. Somali henna designs are similar to those in the Arabian peninsula, often featuring flower motifs and triangular shapes. The palm is also... | weddings, Eid, Ramadan, and other festive occasions | advqa_10282 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Where might have Arabian tradition of henna come from? | Additionally, henna is an important part of Somali culture. It is worn by Somali women on their hands, arms, feet and neck during weddings, Eid, Ramadan, and other festive occasions. Somali henna designs are similar to those in the Arabian peninsula, often featuring flower motifs and triangular shapes. The palm is also... | ancient Land of Punt | advqa_10283 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What decoration might be also important to Somali women besides henna? | Additionally, henna is an important part of Somali culture. It is worn by Somali women on their hands, arms, feet and neck during weddings, Eid, Ramadan, and other festive occasions. Somali henna designs are similar to those in the Arabian peninsula, often featuring flower motifs and triangular shapes. The palm is also... | eye cosmetic | advqa_10284 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What might not be done with the arms during henna parties? | Additionally, henna is an important part of Somali culture. It is worn by Somali women on their hands, arms, feet and neck during weddings, Eid, Ramadan, and other festive occasions. Somali henna designs are similar to those in the Arabian peninsula, often featuring flower motifs and triangular shapes. The palm is also... | dipped in the dye | advqa_10285 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Henna goes on what which are walked with? | Additionally, henna is an important part of Somali culture. It is worn by Somali women on their hands, arms, feet and neck during weddings, Eid, Ramadan, and other festive occasions. Somali henna designs are similar to those in the Arabian peninsula, often featuring flower motifs and triangular shapes. The palm is also... | feet | advqa_10286 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
In addition to the Olympics, what other competition do Somalian athletes participate in? | Football is the most popular sport amongst Somalis. Important competitions are the Somalia League and Somalia Cup. The multi-ethnic Ocean Stars, Somalia's national team, first participated at the Olympic Games in 1972 and has sent athletes to compete in most Summer Olympic Games since then. The equally diverse Somali b... | beach soccer | advqa_10287 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is the distinction of top European division footballers? | Football is the most popular sport amongst Somalis. Important competitions are the Somalia League and Somalia Cup. The multi-ethnic Ocean Stars, Somalia's national team, first participated at the Olympic Games in 1972 and has sent athletes to compete in most Summer Olympic Games since then. The equally diverse Somali b... | multi-ethnic | advqa_10288 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what is the first group mentioned? | Football is the most popular sport amongst Somalis. Important competitions are the Somalia League and Somalia Cup. The multi-ethnic Ocean Stars, Somalia's national team, first participated at the Olympic Games in 1972 and has sent athletes to compete in most Summer Olympic Games since then. The equally diverse Somali b... | Somalis | advqa_10289 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
The European top division include native as well as this type of player on teams? | Football is the most popular sport amongst Somalis. Important competitions are the Somalia League and Somalia Cup. The multi-ethnic Ocean Stars, Somalia's national team, first participated at the Olympic Games in 1972 and has sent athletes to compete in most Summer Olympic Games since then. The equally diverse Somali b... | international | advqa_10290 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who is Ibrahim? | Football is the most popular sport amongst Somalis. Important competitions are the Somalia League and Somalia Cup. The multi-ethnic Ocean Stars, Somalia's national team, first participated at the Olympic Games in 1972 and has sent athletes to compete in most Summer Olympic Games since then. The equally diverse Somali b... | international footballers | advqa_10291 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
who is the last player mentioned? | Football is the most popular sport amongst Somalis. Important competitions are the Somalia League and Somalia Cup. The multi-ethnic Ocean Stars, Somalia's national team, first participated at the Olympic Games in 1972 and has sent athletes to compete in most Summer Olympic Games since then. The equally diverse Somali b... | Abdisalam Ibrahim | advqa_10292 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How can the Ocean Stars and beach team be described? | Football is the most popular sport amongst Somalis. Important competitions are the Somalia League and Somalia Cup. The multi-ethnic Ocean Stars, Somalia's national team, first participated at the Olympic Games in 1972 and has sent athletes to compete in most Summer Olympic Games since then. The equally diverse Somali b... | diverse | advqa_10293 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what is the last ethnicity mentioned? | Football is the most popular sport amongst Somalis. Important competitions are the Somalia League and Somalia Cup. The multi-ethnic Ocean Stars, Somalia's national team, first participated at the Olympic Games in 1972 and has sent athletes to compete in most Summer Olympic Games since then. The equally diverse Somali b... | European | advqa_10294 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what is the first event mentioned? | Football is the most popular sport amongst Somalis. Important competitions are the Somalia League and Somalia Cup. The multi-ethnic Ocean Stars, Somalia's national team, first participated at the Olympic Games in 1972 and has sent athletes to compete in most Summer Olympic Games since then. The equally diverse Somali b... | Somalia League | advqa_10295 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what is the second group mentioned? | Football is the most popular sport amongst Somalis. Important competitions are the Somalia League and Somalia Cup. The multi-ethnic Ocean Stars, Somalia's national team, first participated at the Olympic Games in 1972 and has sent athletes to compete in most Summer Olympic Games since then. The equally diverse Somali b... | Ocean Stars | advqa_10296 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
The Ocean Stars are known for doing what? | Football is the most popular sport amongst Somalis. Important competitions are the Somalia League and Somalia Cup. The multi-ethnic Ocean Stars, Somalia's national team, first participated at the Olympic Games in 1972 and has sent athletes to compete in most Summer Olympic Games since then. The equally diverse Somali b... | participated at the Olympic Games in 1972 | advqa_10297 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Jama, Abdi, and Daud are known for doing what? | Football is the most popular sport amongst Somalis. Important competitions are the Somalia League and Somalia Cup. The multi-ethnic Ocean Stars, Somalia's national team, first participated at the Olympic Games in 1972 and has sent athletes to compete in most Summer Olympic Games since then. The equally diverse Somali b... | played in European top divisions | advqa_10298 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What competition is important that Somalis footballers participate in? | Football is the most popular sport amongst Somalis. Important competitions are the Somalia League and Somalia Cup. The multi-ethnic Ocean Stars, Somalia's national team, first participated at the Olympic Games in 1972 and has sent athletes to compete in most Summer Olympic Games since then. The equally diverse Somali b... | Olympic Games | advqa_10299 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
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