Unnamed: 0.1
int64
1
131k
Unnamed: 0
int64
1
130k
id
stringlengths
6
24
title
stringclasses
2 values
context
stringlengths
151
44k
question
stringlengths
2
25.7k
answers
stringlengths
32
440
18,199
17,857
56e1636ce3433e1400422e5a
generic
In the 1950s, Universal-International resumed their series of Arabian Nights films, many starring Tony Curtis. The studio also had a success with monster and science fiction films produced by William Alland, with many directed by Jack Arnold. Other successes were the melodramas directed by Douglas Sirk and produced by ...
What Universal director was known for his melodramas?
{'text': 'Douglas Sirk', 'answer_start': 291}
117,861
117,519
5730e4b4b7151e1900c015bc
generic
Each island has its own high-chief, or ulu-aliki, and several sub-chiefs (alikis). The community council is the Falekaupule (the traditional assembly of elders) or te sina o fenua (literally: "grey-hairs of the land"). In the past, another caste, the priests (tofuga), were also amongst the decision-makers. The ulu-alik...
With what group do the falekaupule share power on Tuvalu?
{'text': 'pule o kaupule', 'answer_start': 529}
20,132
19,790
56e780ac00c9c71400d771ca
generic
The University of Kansas (KU) is a public research university and the largest in the U.S. state of Kansas. KU branch campuses are located in the towns of Lawrence, Wichita, Overland Park, Salina, and Kansas City, Kansas, with the main campus located in Lawrence on Mount Oread, the highest location in Lawrence. Founded ...
Who authorized the opening of the University of Kansas?
{'text': 'the Kansas State Legislature', 'answer_start': 398}
28,172
27,830
56fb81e5b28b3419009f1da8
generic
The development of a three-field rotation system for planting crops[AA] increased the usage of land from one half in use each year under the old two-field system to two-thirds under the new system, with a consequent increase in production. The development of the heavy plough allowed heavier soils to be farmed more effi...
What fraction of land was under cultivation using the two-field system?
{'text': 'one half', 'answer_start': 105}
61,997
61,655
5726fff9708984140094d815
generic
Child soldiers have and continue to play a major part in the Burmese Army as well as Burmese rebel movements. The Independent reported in June 2012 that "Children are being sold as conscripts into the Burmese military for as little as $40 and a bag of rice or a can of petrol." The UN's Special Representative of the Sec...
How are children used in the conflicts in Burma?
{'text': 'Child soldiers have and continue to play a major part in the Burmese Army as well as Burmese rebel movements.', 'answer_start': 0}
110,153
109,811
57301b53947a6a140053d10c
generic
The community of Casas Adobes is also on the Northwest Side, with the distinction of being Tucson's first suburb, established in the late 1940s. Casas Adobes is centered on the historic Casas Adobes Plaza (built in 1948). Casas Adobes is also home to Tohono Chul Park (a nature preserve) near the intersection of North O...
What nature preserve is in Casas Adobes?
{'text': 'Tohono Chul Park', 'answer_start': 251}
2,100
1,758
56cc56856d243a140015ef1e
generic
Apple's iTunes software (and other alternative software) can be used to transfer music, photos, videos, games, contact information, e-mail settings, Web bookmarks, and calendars, to the devices supporting these features from computers using certain versions of Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows operating systems.
What Apple program is used to communicate between computers and portable devices?
{'text': 'iTunes', 'answer_start': 8}
128,676
128,334
57341b484776f41900661886
generic
Montana is home to a diverse array of fauna that includes 14 amphibian, 90 fish, 117 mammal, 20 reptile and 427 bird species. Additionally, there are over 10,000 invertebrate species, including 180 mollusks and 30 crustaceans. Montana has the largest grizzly bear population in the lower 48 states. Montana hosts five fe...
What type of bear does Montana have the highest population of?
{'text': 'grizzly bear', 'answer_start': 251}
62,507
62,165
5a8178d431013a001a334c42
generic
During the late medieval period, cotton became known as an imported fiber in northern Europe, without any knowledge of how it was derived, other than that it was a plant. Because Herodotus had written in his Histories, Book III, 106, that in India trees grew in the wild producing wool, it was assumed that the plant was...
What ancient writer gave later eras the idea that wool might be a tree?
{'text': 'Herodotus', 'answer_start': 179}
55,860
55,518
5726266789a1e219009ac3e2
generic
Hokkien /hɒˈkiɛn/ (traditional Chinese: 福建話; simplified Chinese: 福建话; pinyin: Fújiànhuà; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hok-kiàn oē) or Quanzhang (Quanzhou–Zhangzhou / Chinchew–Changchew; BP: Zuánziū–Ziāngziū) is a group of mutually intelligible Min Nan Chinese dialects spoken throughout Southeast Asia, Taiwan, and by many other overseas...
Where is Hokkien spoken?
{'text': 'Southeast Asia', 'answer_start': 270}
99,977
99,635
5a7ca5dfe8bc7e001a9e1f40
generic
J. M. E. McTaggart of Cambridge University, argued that minds alone exist and only relate to each other through love. Space, time and material objects are unreal. In The Unreality of Time he argued that time is an illusion because it is impossible to produce a coherent account of a sequence of events. The Nature of Exi...
What did McTaggart say metaphysics was relevant for?
{'text': 'social and political action', 'answer_start': 522}
10,293
9,951
56de0b40cffd8e1900b4b571
generic
The Islamic conquest also brought with it the adoption of Arabic script for writing Persian and much later, Kurdish, Pashto and Balochi. All three were adapted to the writing by the addition of a few letters. This development probably occurred some time during the second half of the 8th century, when the old middle Per...
When did usage of Middle Persian script fall off?
{'text': 'second half of the 8th century', 'answer_start': 265}
4,213
3,871
56cf5478aab44d1400b88ffd
generic
Lower Manhattan is the third-largest central business district in the United States and is home to the New York Stock Exchange, on Wall Street, and the NASDAQ, at 165 Broadway, representing the world's largest and second largest stock exchanges, respectively, when measured both by overall average daily trading volume a...
What is the street address of NASDAQ?
{'text': '165 Broadway', 'answer_start': 163}
26,672
26,330
5a56bf806349e2001acdcf0e
generic
The Ministers and Chiefs of the Defence Staff are supported by a number of civilian, scientific and professional military advisors. The Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Defence (generally known as the Permanent Secretary) is the senior civil servant at the MoD. His or her role is to ensure the MoD operates effect...
What is the role of the Chief of Defence?
{'text': 'to ensure the MoD operates effectively as a department of the government', 'answer_start': 287}
73,016
72,674
5a871d531d3cee001a6a10d9
generic
Primary resistance occurs when a person becomes infected with a resistant strain of TB. A person with fully susceptible MTB may develop secondary (acquired) resistance during therapy because of inadequate treatment, not taking the prescribed regimen appropriately (lack of compliance), or using low-quality medication. D...
What is low-quality medication an example of a lack of?
{'text': 'compliance', 'answer_start': 273}
116,236
115,894
5a5660c76349e2001acdcd36
generic
The constitution for independent Swaziland was promulgated by Britain in November 1963 under the terms of which legislative and executive councils were established. This development was opposed by the Swazi National Council (liqoqo). Despite such opposition, elections took place and the first Legislative Council of Swa...
What constitution did Britian put into effect in the 19th century?
{'text': 'The constitution for independent Swaziland', 'answer_start': 0}
80,098
79,756
5727d2173acd2414000ded4f
generic
By design, it is difficult to insert a USB plug into its receptacle incorrectly. The USB specification states that the required USB icon must be embossed on the "topside" of the USB plug, which "...provides easy user recognition and facilitates alignment during the mating process." The specification also shows that the...
What is difficult to do with a USB plug?
{'text': 'to insert a USB plug into its receptacle incorrectly', 'answer_start': 27}
33,002
32,660
5a5cfd075e8782001a9d5e41
generic
Public Safety Canada’s Canadian Cyber Incident Response Centre (CCIRC) is responsible for mitigating and responding to threats to Canada’s critical infrastructure and cyber systems. The CCIRC provides support to mitigate cyber threats, technical support to respond and recover from targeted cyber attacks, and provides o...
Who runs Public Safety Canada?
{'text': 'CCIRC', 'answer_start': 64}
109,819
109,477
5a8c4347fd22b3001a8d8677
generic
Just as the navigational approach would require programs to loop in order to collect records, the relational approach would require loops to collect information about any one record. Codd's solution to the necessary looping was a set-oriented language, a suggestion that would later spawn the ubiquitous SQL. Using a bra...
Who used tuple calculus to hide the functionality of databases?
{'text': 'Codd', 'answer_start': 183}
60,948
60,606
57268b85f1498d1400e8e352
generic
Particularly since the mid-1960s there have been advances in understanding of the physics of plant physiological processes such as transpiration (the transport of water within plant tissues), the temperature dependence of rates of water evaporation from the leaf surface and the molecular diffusion of water vapour and c...
What influences the rate of gas produced by plants?
{'text': 'rate of photosynthesis', 'answer_start': 461}
74,083
73,741
5727814d708984140094df68
generic
The Knights of Columbus, the world's largest Catholic fraternal service organization and a Fortune 1000 company, is headquartered in New Haven. Two more Fortune 1000 companies are based in Greater New Haven: the electrical equipment producers Hubbell, based in Orange, and Amphenol, based in Wallingford. Eight Courant 1...
What is the name of the New Haven-based business faction of the infamous Skull and Bones Society?
{'text': 'Russell Trust Association', 'answer_start': 1155}
54,336
53,994
5726cfd6dd62a815002e9104
generic
Copyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectatio...
What are content creation industries focusing on doing to prevent infringement?
{'text': 'expanding copyright law', 'answer_start': 591}
116,149
115,807
5ad4a115ba00c4001a268e6e
generic
In March 2013, Microsoft also amended its certification requirements to allow tablets to use the 1024×768 resolution as a minimum; this change is expected to allow the production of certified Windows 8 tablets in smaller form factors—a market which is currently dominated by Android-based tablets. Despite the reaction o...
What controlled the large form tablet market at this time?
{'text': 'Android-based tablets', 'answer_start': 275}
62,261
61,919
5ace97a932bba1001ae4ab9e
generic
By the 1st century, Babylonia, to which Jews migrated to after the Babylonian conquest as well as after the Bar Kokhba revolt in 135 CE, already held a speedily growing population of an estimated 1,000,000 Jews, which increased to an estimated 2 million between the years 200 CE – 500 CE, both by natural growth and by ...
How many Jews lived in Babylonia before the 1st century?
{'text': '1,000,000', 'answer_start': 196}
47,591
47,249
5ad2bec5d7d075001a42a0cb
generic
In their attempt to ensure white supremacy decades after emancipation, in the early 20th century, most southern states created laws based on the one-drop rule, defining as black, persons with any known African ancestry. This was a stricter interpretation than what had prevailed in the 19th century; it ignored the many ...
What laws did the northern states create in the early 20th century?
{'text': 'laws based on the one-drop rule', 'answer_start': 127}
16,923
16,581
56e0f9657aa994140058e853
generic
It is a fully developed legal system, with all the necessary elements: courts, lawyers, judges, a fully articulated legal code principles of legal interpretation, and coercive penalties, though it lacks civilly-binding force in most secular jurisdictions. The academic degrees in canon law are the J.C.B. (Juris Canonici...
What is the Latin term for Licentiate of Canon Law?
{'text': 'Juris Canonici Licentiatus', 'answer_start': 406}
85,140
84,798
572810763acd2414000df38d
generic
Time travel is the concept of moving backwards or forwards to different points in time, in a manner analogous to moving through space, and different from the normal "flow" of time to an earthbound observer. In this view, all points in time (including future times) "persist" in some way. Time travel has been a plot devi...
How long has time travel been a topic in science fiction?
{'text': 'since the 19th century', 'answer_start': 334}
58,283
57,941
5728a7b83acd2414000dfc06
generic
All students and faculty, regardless of religion, are required to agree to adhere to an honor code. Early forms of the Church Educational System Honor Code are found as far back as the days of the Brigham Young Academy and early school President Karl G. Maeser. Maeser created the "Domestic Organization", which was a gr...
In what year was the Honor Code expanded to include other school standards, such as rules regarding drug use?
{'text': '1957', 'answer_start': 670}
114,667
114,325
5a139a81c8eab200188dc9d7
generic
The late Georgian period saw the birth of the semi-detached house, planned systematically, as a suburban compromise between the terraced houses of the city and the detached "villas" further out, where land was cheaper. There had been occasional examples in town centres going back to medieval times. Most early suburban ...
What type of house was born in the early Georgian period?
{'text': 'the semi-detached house', 'answer_start': 42}
55,621
55,279
57262b91271a42140099d6df
generic
In September 1695, Captain Henry Every, an English pirate on board the Fancy, reached the Straits of Bab-el-Mandeb, where he teamed up with five other pirate captains to make an attack on the Indian fleet making the annual voyage to Mocha. The Mughal convoy included the treasure-laden Ganj-i-Sawai, reported to be the g...
how often did the Indian fleet voyage to Mocha?
{'text': 'annual', 'answer_start': 216}
62,491
62,149
57267a28f1498d1400e8e104
generic
Though known since antiquity the commercial growing of cotton in Egypt only started in 1820's, following a Frenchman, by the name of M. Jumel, propositioning the then ruler, Mohamed Ali Pasha, that he could earn a substantial income by growing an extra-long staple Maho (Barbadence) cotton, in Lower Egypt, for the Frenc...
When did cotton begin to be commercially grown in Egypt?
{'text': "1820's,", 'answer_start': 87}
23,554
23,212
56f7ece0aef2371900625c61
generic
A treaty is null and void if it is in violation of a peremptory norm. These norms, unlike other principles of customary law, are recognized as permitting no violations and so cannot be altered through treaty obligations. These are limited to such universally accepted prohibitions as those against the aggressive use of ...
What type of norm is recognized as permitting no violations and so cannot be altered through treaty obligations?
{'text': 'peremptory norm', 'answer_start': 53}
47,377
47,035
5a8cec6ffd22b3001a8d9028
generic
The more long term the exposure to stress is, the more impact it may have. However, short term exposure to stress also causes impairment in memory by interfering with the function of the hippocampus. Research shows that subjects placed in a stressful situation for a short amount of time still have blood glucocorticoid ...
How does long term exposure to stress also cause impairment in memory?
{'text': 'interfering with the function of the hippocampus', 'answer_start': 150}
96,035
95,693
5a69098b8476ee001a58a9fc
generic
IBM announced it will launch its new software, called "Open Client Offering" which is to run on Linux, Microsoft Windows and Apple's Mac OS X. The company states that its new product allows businesses to offer employees a choice of using the same software on Windows and its alternatives. This means that "Open Client Of...
What is an alternative to using Linux document formats?
{'text': 'Open Document Format software', 'answer_start': 650}
122,118
121,776
573207f5e17f3d14004225da
generic
While the new plebeian nobility made social, political and religious inroads on traditionally patrician preserves, their electorate maintained their distinctive political traditions and religious cults. During the Punic crisis, popular cult to Dionysus emerged from southern Italy; Dionysus was equated with Father Liber...
What cult arrived from southern Italy?
{'text': 'Dionysus', 'answer_start': 282}
90,887
90,545
5ad230fcd7d075001a4286f8
generic
The mandolin's popularity in the United States was spurred by the success of a group of touring young European musicians known as the Estudiantina Figaro, or in the United States, simply the "Spanish Students." The group landed in the U.S. on January 2, 1880 in New York City, and played in Boston and New York to wildly...
What group in the UK was popular?
{'text': 'Estudiantina Figaro', 'answer_start': 134}
18,135
17,793
56e156e7cd28a01900c677f1
generic
By the early 1940s, the company was concentrating on lower-budget productions that were the company's main staple: westerns, melodramas, serials and sequels to the studio's horror pictures, the latter now solely B pictures. The studio fostered many series: The Dead End Kids and Little Tough Guys action features and ser...
In what period did Universal produce Hugh Herbert comedies?
{'text': '1938–42', 'answer_start': 417}
85,896
85,554
57284db43acd2414000df8e4
generic
Von Neumann's team performed the world's first numerical weather forecasts on the ENIAC computer; von Neumann published the paper Numerical Integration of the Barotropic Vorticity Equation in 1950. Von Neumann's interest in weather systems and meteorological prediction led him to propose manipulating the environment by...
In what year did von Neumann publish the paper Numerical Integration of the Barotropic Vorticity Equation
{'text': '1950', 'answer_start': 192}
57,505
57,163
5a63b39e7f3c80001a150b16
generic
After Christianization, the Roman Catholic Church and local rulers led German expansion and settlement in areas inhabited by Slavs and Balts, known as Ostsiedlung. During the wars waged in the Baltic by the Catholic German Teutonic Knights; the lands inhabited by the ethnic group of the Old Prussians (the current refer...
What was the German aristocracy known as?
{'text': 'Junkers', 'answer_start': 944}
83,692
83,350
5727e3653acd2414000def0d
generic
The state has two primary newspapers. The Oklahoman, based in Oklahoma City, is the largest newspaper in the state and 54th-largest in the nation by circulation, with a weekday readership of 138,493 and a Sunday readership of 202,690. The Tulsa World, the second most widely circulated newspaper in Oklahoma and 79th in ...
How many people read the Sunday issue of The Oklahoman?
{'text': '202,690', 'answer_start': 226}
107,692
107,350
572fa58904bcaa1900d76b33
generic
The Cold War drew to a close in the late 1980s and the early 1990s. The United States under President Ronald Reagan increased diplomatic, military, and economic pressure on the Soviet Union, which was already suffering from severe economic stagnation. In the second half of the 1980s, newly appointed Soviet leader Mikha...
In what year did the Soviet Union collapse?
{'text': '1991', 'answer_start': 412}
108,374
108,032
5a3ad7933ff257001ab842b4
generic
Animals are also involved in the distribution of seeds. Fruit, which is formed by the enlargement of flower parts, is frequently a seed-dispersal tool that attracts animals to eat or otherwise disturb it, incidentally scattering the seeds it contains (see frugivory). Although many such mutualistic relationships remain ...
What did mutualistic relationships spread to eventually become?
{'text': 'the dominant form of land plant life', 'answer_start': 488}
76,396
76,054
57282ec23acd2414000df67b
generic
On January 21, 1990, Rukh organized a 300-mile (480 km) human chain between Kiev, Lviv, and Ivano-Frankivsk. Hundreds of thousands joined hands to commemorate the proclamation of Ukrainian independence in 1918 and the reunification of Ukrainian lands one year later (1919 Unification Act). On January 23, 1990, the Ukrai...
How many miles long was the human chain?
{'text': '300', 'answer_start': 38}
27,747
27,405
56fae1d7f34c681400b0c170
generic
The Somali language is a member of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. Its nearest relatives are the Afar and Saho languages. Somali is the best documented of the Cushitic languages, with academic studies of it dating from before 1900.
Among the Cushitic languages, which is the most well-documented?
{'text': 'Somali', 'answer_start': 4}
51,168
50,826
5725d5a938643c19005acdc9
generic
Under Ptolemy II, Callimachus, Apollonius of Rhodes, Theocritus and a host of other poets made the city a center of Hellenistic literature. Ptolemy himself was eager to patronise the library, scientific research and individual scholars who lived on the grounds of the library. He and his successors also fought a series ...
The Syrian was were fought between Ptolemy II and whom?
{'text': 'the Seleucids', 'answer_start': 333}
34,773
34,431
570a6db44103511400d596f3
generic
Emotion, in everyday speech, is any relatively brief conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a high degree of pleasure or displeasure. Scientific discourse has drifted to other meanings and there is no consensus on a definition. Emotion is often intertwined with mood, temperament, personality,...
Sweating is a product of the arousal of what system?
{'text': 'nervous', 'answer_start': 642}
118,581
118,239
5acfe98a77cf76001a68644d
generic
Compared to neighbouring countries, Namibia has a large degree of media freedom. Over the past years, the country usually ranked in the upper quarter of the Press Freedom Index of Reporters without Borders, reaching position 21 in 2010, being on par with Canada and the best-positioned African country. The African Media...
In what year was the African Media Barometer founded?
{'text': '2009', 'answer_start': 515}
95,690
95,348
5729a2d53f37b31900478535
generic
Animals that characterize the Appalachian forests include five species of tree squirrels. The most commonly seen is the low to moderate elevation eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). Occupying similar habitat is the slightly larger fox squirrel (Sciurus niger) and the much smaller southern flying squirrel (Gla...
How many species of tree squirrel are commonly found in the range?
{'text': 'five species', 'answer_start': 58}
52,389
52,047
5726801e708984140094c810
generic
This change is interesting from a sociolinguistic point of view because it has apparently happened relatively recently, in the 1970s, and was pioneered by older well-educated women from the upper middle classes. The lowering of the diphthongs has long been current in many Dutch dialects, and is comparable to the Englis...
In what decade did the Dutch diphthong lowering occur?
{'text': '1970s', 'answer_start': 127}
20,808
20,466
56e797ef00c9c71400d77335
generic
Plans for arena football were put on hold in 1982 as the United States Football League was launched. Foster left the NFL to accept a position in the USFL. He eventually became executive vice-president with the Chicago Blitz, where he returned to his concept of arena football. In 1983, he began organizing the test game ...
When did the USFL shut down?
{'text': '1985', 'answer_start': 370}
29,320
28,978
5705ed1c52bb8914006896c0
generic
The climate of New Delhi is a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) with high variation between summer and winter in terms of both temperature and rainfall. The temperature varies from 46 °C (115 °F) in summers to around 0 °C (32 °F) in winters. The area's version of a humid subtropical climate is n...
In what type of climate is New Delhi located?
{'text': 'subtropical climate', 'answer_start': 55}
81,423
81,081
572884edff5b5019007da2a1
generic
Some international railway services to Continental Europe were operated during the 20th century as boat trains, such as the Admiraal de Ruijter to Amsterdam and the Night Ferry to Paris and Brussels. The opening of the Channel Tunnel in 1994 connected London directly to the continental rail network, allowing Eurostar s...
London is directly connected to continental Europe through what rail service?
{'text': 'Eurostar', 'answer_start': 310}
80,769
80,427
57280ea3ff5b5019007d9bf7
generic
Rendering software which cannot process a Unicode character appropriately often displays it as an open rectangle, or the Unicode "replacement character" (U+FFFD, �), to indicate the position of the unrecognized character. Some systems have made attempts to provide more information about such characters. The Apple's Las...
What is the code for the Unicode replacement character?
{'text': 'U+FFFD', 'answer_start': 154}
26,654
26,312
5a56b4176349e2001acdcefa
generic
Winston Churchill, on forming his government in 1940, created the office of Minister of Defence to exercise ministerial control over the Chiefs of Staff Committee and to co-ordinate defence matters. The post was held by the Prime Minister of the day until Clement Attlee's government introduced the Ministry of Defence A...
How long did someone hold the position of Secretary of State for War?
{'text': "until Clement Attlee's government introduced the Ministry of Defence Act of 1946", 'answer_start': 250}
111,715
111,373
5ad0c33c645df0001a2d0229
generic
In 1992, the First Division clubs resigned from the Football League en masse and on 27 May 1992 the FA Premier League was formed as a limited company working out of an office at the Football Association's then headquarters in Lancaster Gate. This meant a break-up of the 104-year-old Football League that had operated un...
The Football League would have a single division and the Premier league would have how many?
{'text': 'three', 'answer_start': 435}
24,972
24,630
56f8c0389b226e1400dd0f2f
generic
After the fall of Napoléon, many alpine countries developed heavy protections to prevent any new invasion. Thus, Savoy built a series of fortifications in the Maurienne valley in order to protect the major alpine passes, such as the col du Mont-Cenis that was even crossed by, Charlemagne and his father to defeat the Lo...
Why were a series of fortifications in the Maurienne valley built?
{'text': 'to protect the major alpine passes', 'answer_start': 185}
27,364
27,022
56fa104bf34c681400b0bf99
generic
Abnormal discoloration of wood often denotes a diseased condition, indicating unsoundness. The black check in western hemlock is the result of insect attacks. The reddish-brown streaks so common in hickory and certain other woods are mostly the result of injury by birds. The discoloration is merely an indication of an ...
What causes the black checked pattern in the wood of western hemlocks?
{'text': 'insect attacks', 'answer_start': 143}
2,257
1,915
56cfb97c234ae51400d9bf03
generic
iPods cannot play music files from competing music stores that use rival-DRM technologies like Microsoft's protected WMA or RealNetworks' Helix DRM. Example stores include Napster and MSN Music. RealNetworks claims that Apple is creating problems for itself by using FairPlay to lock users into using the iTunes Store. S...
The iPod can play music from other online stores as long as they don't contain what feature?
{'text': 'DRM', 'answer_start': 73}
78,860
78,518
5ad25659d7d075001a428d62
generic
Dominic's search for a close relationship with God was determined and unceasing. He rarely spoke, so little of his interior life is known. What is known about it comes from accounts written by people near to him. St. Cecilia remembered him as cheerful, charitable and full of unceasing vigor. From a number of accounts, ...
What did Dominic not struggle with?
{'text': 'a close relationship with God', 'answer_start': 21}
85,992
85,650
57280cc73acd2414000df31c
generic
Following speculation that Sony was working on a 'slim' model, Sony officially announced the PS3 CECH-2000 model on August 18, 2009, at the Sony Gamescom press conference. New features included a slimmer form factor, decreased power consumption, and a quieter cooling system. It was released in major territories by Sept...
What did the boot screen on the game consoles read before Sony changed it to "PS3 PlayStation 3"?
{'text': '"Sony Computer Entertainment"', 'answer_start': 753}
38,342
38,000
570be2d2ec8fbc190045bbbf
generic
In the human digestive system, food enters the mouth and mechanical digestion of the food starts by the action of mastication (chewing), a form of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva. Saliva, a liquid secreted by the salivary glands, contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which starts the digestion of...
What is saliva?
{'text': 'a liquid secreted by the salivary glands', 'answer_start': 212}
74,619
74,277
5a6fe0cc8abb0b001a675ff1
generic
Most of the Alsatian population is Roman Catholic, but, largely because of the region's German heritage, a significant Protestant community also exists: today, the EPCAAL (a Lutheran church) is France's second largest Protestant church, also forming an administrative union (UEPAL) with the much smaller Calvinist EPRAL....
What is the name of the second largest Roman Catholic church?
{'text': 'EPCAAL', 'answer_start': 164}
54,120
53,778
57269c875951b619008f77c9
generic
The Battle of Osan, the first significant American engagement of the Korean War, involved the 540-soldier Task Force Smith, which was a small forward element of the 24th Infantry Division which had been flown in from Japan. On 5 July 1950, Task Force Smith attacked the North Koreans at Osan but without weapons capable ...
Where was the 24th Division forced to retreat to what location?
{'text': 'Taejeon', 'answer_start': 570}
5,355
5,013
56d4672e2ccc5a1400d83149
generic
Later in 2013, West launched a tirade on Twitter directed at talk show host Jimmy Kimmel after his ABC program Jimmy Kimmel Live! ran a sketch on September 25 involving two children re-enacting West's recent interview with Zane Lowe for BBC Radio 1 in which he calls himself the biggest rock star on the planet. Kimmel r...
The skit on JImmy Kimmel Live! was a depiction of Kanye West and what reporter?
{'text': 'Zane Lowe', 'answer_start': 223}
123,106
122,764
5731e0acb9d445190005e5f6
generic
Protestants can be differentiated according to how they have been influenced by important movements since the Reformation, today regarded as branches. Some of these movements have a common lineage, sometimes directly spawning individual denominations. Due to the earlier stated multitude of denominations, this section d...
What are the major branches of Protestantism?
{'text': 'Adventist, Anglican, Baptist, Calvinist (Reformed), Lutheran, Methodist and Pentecostal', 'answer_start': 467}
104,397
104,055
5a77477c2d6d7f001a4a9f9f
generic
In Texas, English is the state's de facto official language (though it lacks de jure status) and is used in government. However, the continual influx of Spanish-speaking immigrants increased the import of Spanish in Texas. Texas's counties bordering Mexico are mostly Hispanic, and consequently, Spanish is commonly spok...
How does Texas handle people who don't speak Spanish?
{'text': 'The Government of Texas, through Section 2054.116 of the Government Code, mandates that state agencies provide information on their websites in Spanish', 'answer_start': 338}
106,239
105,897
5ad21242d7d075001a4282fb
generic
According to the traditional narrative, several companions of Muhammad served as scribes and were responsible for writing down the revelations. Shortly after Muhammad's death, the Quran was compiled by his companions who wrote down and memorized parts of it. These codices had differences that motivated the Caliph Uthma...
By what name is the last standardized version of the Quran known?
{'text': "Uthman's codex", 'answer_start': 367}
87,697
87,355
5728140b4b864d19001643f6
generic
In February 1918, he was appointed Officer in Charge of Boys at the Royal Naval Air Service's training establishment at Cranwell. With the establishment of the Royal Air Force two months later and the transfer of Cranwell from Navy to Air Force control, he transferred from the Royal Navy to the Royal Air Force. He was ...
What year did Albert become a RAF pilot?
{'text': '1919', 'answer_start': 1137}
67,055
66,713
5726c10add62a815002e8f82
generic
Reform of the liturgy had been a part of the liturgical movements in the 20th century mainly in France, and Germany which were officially recognized by Pius XII in his encyclical Mediator Dei. During the pontificate of Pius XII, the Vatican eased regulations on the use of Latin in Roman Catholic liturgies, permitting s...
What was re instated to the Easter liturgy by reform?
{'text': 'Easter Triduum', 'answer_start': 504}
118,062
117,720
5730ba5c8ab72b1400f9c715
generic
The doctrine of the immaculate conception (Mary being conceived free from original sin) is not to be confused with her virginal conception of her son Jesus. This misunderstanding of the term immaculate conception is frequently met in the mass media. Catholics believe that Mary was not the product of a virginal concepti...
What is the view held at the Vatican regarding how Mary was actually given life into the world ?
{'text': 'Catholics believe that Mary was not the product of a virginal conception herself but was the daughter of a human father and mother', 'answer_start': 250}
66,914
66,572
5726def05951b619008f80cf
generic
Rugby union is the national sport in Samoa and the national team, nicknamed the Manu Samoa, is consistently competitive against teams from vastly more populous nations. Samoa has competed at every Rugby World Cup since 1991, and made the quarter finals in 1991, 1995 and the second round of the 1999 world cup. At the 20...
What do Samoans affectionately call their national rugby team?
{'text': 'Manu Samoa', 'answer_start': 80}
87,592
87,250
57284ee52ca10214002da27d
generic
In addition, LaserDisc videos sometimes exhibit a problem known as "crosstalk". The issue can arise when the laser optical pickup assembly within the player is out of alignment or because the disc is damaged or excessively warped, but it could also occur even with a properly functioning player and a factory-new disc, d...
What problem can be caused by a player becoming out of alignment?
{'text': '"crosstalk"', 'answer_start': 67}
25,599
25,257
56f8aaba9b226e1400dd0daf
generic
Although the numbered streets begin just north of East Houston Street in the East Village, they generally do not extend west into Greenwich Village, which already had streets when the grid plan was laid out by the Commissioners' Plan of 1811. Streets that do continue farther west change direction before reaching the Hu...
In what village is East Houston Street located?
{'text': 'East Village', 'answer_start': 77}
18,971
18,629
56e6b7e56fe0821900b8eb3d
generic
Adult contemporary music (AC) is a style of music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock influence. Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy list...
What does the acronym AC stand for?
{'text': 'Adult contemporary', 'answer_start': 0}
80,742
80,400
572809e22ca10214002d9c46
generic
Many scripts, including Arabic and Devanagari, have special orthographic rules that require certain combinations of letterforms to be combined into special ligature forms. The rules governing ligature formation can be quite complex, requiring special script-shaping technologies such as ACE (Arabic Calligraphic Engine b...
When was ACE created?
{'text': '1980s', 'answer_start': 338}
54,575
54,233
5726d98cdd62a815002e9289
generic
In Europe, the copyright infringement case Public Relations Consultants Association Ltd v Newspaper Licensing Agency Ltd had two prongs; one concerned whether a news aggregator service infringed the copyright of the news generators; the other concerned whether the temporary web cache created by the web browser of a con...
What did the courts rule was NOT infringement?
{'text': 'temporary web cache of consumers', 'answer_start': 586}
22,005
21,663
56ea90465a205f1900d6d346
generic
In politics, corruption undermines democracy and good governance by flouting or even subverting formal processes. Corruption in elections and in the legislature reduces accountability and distorts representation in policymaking; corruption in the judiciary compromises the rule of law; and corruption in public administr...
Corruption in what creates weak provision of services?
{'text': 'public administration', 'answer_start': 304}
17,508
17,166
56e1a1e0e3433e1400423045
generic
The most notable difference between both standards is some tonic ⟨e⟩ accentuation, for instance: francès, anglès (IEC) – francés, anglés (AVL). Nevertheless, AVL's standard keeps the grave accent ⟨è⟩, without pronouncing this ⟨e⟩ as /ɛ/, in some words like: què ('what'), or València. Other divergences include the use o...
What common Valencian forms are used?
{'text': 'many verbal forms', 'answer_start': 554}
45,968
45,626
571098c9a58dae1900cd6aaa
generic
Coffeehouses were especially important to the spread of knowledge during the Enlightenment because they created a unique environment in which people from many different walks of life gathered and shared ideas. They were frequently criticized by nobles who feared the possibility of an environment in which class and its ...
Which venue created a unique environment in which people from many different walks of life could gather and share ideas?
{'text': 'Coffeehouses', 'answer_start': 0}
66,852
66,510
5a6289dcf8d794001af1c0c8
generic
Samoans' religious adherence includes the following: Christian Congregational Church of Samoa 31.8%, Roman Catholic 19.4%, Methodist 15.2%, Assembly of God 13.7%, Mormon 7.6%, Seventh-day Adventist 3.9%, Worship Centre 1.7%, other Christian 5.5%, other 0.7%, none 0.1%, unspecified 0.1% (2011 estimate). The Head of Stat...
When was the Roman Catholic church built in Samoa?
{'text': '1984', 'answer_start': 470}
63,115
62,773
5726a25cf1498d1400e8e580
generic
Despite being a persistent critic of some of the government's policies, the paper supported Labour in both subsequent elections the party won. For the 2005 general election, The Sun backed Blair and Labour for a third consecutive election win and vowed to give him "one last chance" to fulfil his promises, despite berat...
Who did The Sun endorse in the 2005 general election?
{'text': 'Blair and Labour', 'answer_start': 189}
5,842
5,500
56d21b46e7d4791d0090264b
generic
The Buddhist texts are probably the earliest describing meditation techniques. They describe meditative practices and states that existed before the Buddha as well as those first developed within Buddhism. Two Upanishads written after the rise of Buddhism do contain full-fledged descriptions of yoga as a means to liber...
What two items were written after the rise of Buddhism?
{'text': 'Upanishads', 'answer_start': 210}
105,426
105,084
5a8460077cf838001a46a7aa
generic
During the listing process, economic factors cannot be considered, but must be " based solely on the best scientific and commercial data available." The 1982 amendment to the ESA added the word "solely" to prevent any consideration other than the biological status of the species. Congress rejected President Ronald Reag...
Which president added the word "solely" to the ESA?
{'text': 'Ronald Reagan', 'answer_start': 309}
16,211
15,869
56e087e6231d4119001ac278
generic
The United States had multiple rocket programs divided among the different branches of the American armed services, which meant that each force developed its own ICBM program. The Air Force initiated ICBM research in 1945 with the MX-774. However, its funding was cancelled and only three partially successful launches w...
The Air Force PGM-11 Redstone rocket family was tested where?
{'text': 'Cape Canaveral', 'answer_start': 423}
78,356
78,014
5727af4f3acd2414000de99e
generic
Political color schemes in the United States diverge from international norms. Since 2000, red has become associated with the right-wing Republican Party and blue with the left-wing Democratic Party. However, unlike political color schemes of other countries, the parties did not choose those colors; they were used in n...
In what year did the occurrence of using different color schemes for the parties stop?
{'text': '2000', 'answer_start': 428}
71,368
71,026
5ad2886ed7d075001a42994c
generic
The Communist Party of Germany featured similar attitudes. In Die Welt, a communist newspaper published in Stockholm[e] the exiled communist leader Walter Ulbricht opposed the allies (Britain representing "the most reactionary force in the world") and argued: "The German government declared itself ready for friendly re...
The British army wasn't considered to be what by Walter Ulbricbht?
{'text': 'the most reactionary force in the world', 'answer_start': 206}
75,357
75,015
57279e5bff5b5019007d912e
generic
In 2001, a voluntary agreement called the Harkin-Engel Protocol, was accepted by the international cocoa and chocolate industry to eliminate the worst forms of child labour, as defined by ILO's Convention 182, in West Africa. This agreement created a foundation named International Cocoa Initiative in 2002. The foundati...
How many active programs does the foundation have?
{'text': '290', 'answer_start': 369}
54,040
53,698
57263127ec44d21400f3dbf9
generic
After the formation of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the Chinese government named the Western nations, led by the United States, as the biggest threat to its national security. Basing this judgment on China's century of humiliation beginning in the early 19th century, American support for the Nationalists dur...
To show their strength in the international Communist movement, what did China do?
{'text': 'promoted Communist revolutions', 'answer_start': 704}
111,022
110,680
572ffb33a23a5019007fcbfb
generic
The cloth or fiber material used, resin material, and the cloth to resin ratio determine the laminate's type designation (FR-4, CEM-1, G-10, etc.) and therefore the characteristics of the laminate produced. Important characteristics are the level to which the laminate is fire retardant, the dielectric constant (er), th...
What element of a laminate is designated by the cloth to resin ratio, among other things?
{'text': 'type designation', 'answer_start': 104}
93,635
93,293
5729765a6aef051400154f4c
generic
The term mainly refers to a mix of lithium and aluminosilicates that yields an array of materials with interesting thermomechanical properties. The most commercially important of these have the distinction of being impervious to thermal shock. Thus, glass-ceramics have become extremely useful for countertop cooking. Th...
What proportion of crystalline ceramics yields a product with a CTE of around 0?
{'text': '~70%', 'answer_start': 479}
120,592
120,250
57312c6005b4da19006bce39
generic
The Romans liked bright colors, and many Roman villas were decorated with vivid red murals. The pigment used for many of the murals was called vermilion, and it came from the mineral cinnabar, a common ore of mercury. It was one of the finest reds of ancient times – the paintings have retained their brightness for more...
What mines did Romans use to acquire cinnabar?
{'text': 'Almadén, southwest of Madrid, in Spain', 'answer_start': 408}
98,826
98,484
572abc3734ae481900deac9a
generic
Droney's health was poor and Kerry had decided to run for his position in the 1978 election should Droney drop out. However, Droney was re-elected and his health improved; he went on to re-assume many of the duties that he had delegated to Kerry. Kerry thus decided to leave, departing in 1979 with assistant DA Roanne S...
When did Kerry leave the DA's office?
{'text': '1979', 'answer_start': 289}
89,963
89,621
5728d3d92ca10214002da8c6
generic
The Alaska Permanent Fund is a constitutionally authorized appropriation of oil revenues, established by voters in 1976 to manage a surplus in state petroleum revenues from oil, largely in anticipation of the recently constructed Trans-Alaska Pipeline System. The fund was originally proposed by Governor Keith Miller on...
What is the Alaska Permanent Fund?
{'text': 'constitutionally authorized appropriation of oil revenues', 'answer_start': 31}
118,295
117,953
5acf9c1277cf76001a685499
generic
The first Europeans to disembark and explore the region were the Portuguese navigators Diogo Cão in 1485 and Bartolomeu Dias in 1486; still the region was not claimed by the Portuguese crown. However, like most of Sub-Saharan Africa, Namibia was not extensively explored by Europeans until the 19th century, when traders...
In what year was Bartolmeu Dias born?
{'text': '1486', 'answer_start': 128}
58,272
57,930
5728a6bc4b864d1900164b7f
generic
Some 97 percent of male BYU graduates and 32 percent of female graduates took a hiatus from their undergraduate studies at one point to serve as LDS missionaries. In October 2012, the LDS Church announced at its general conference that young men could serve a mission after they turn 18 and have graduated from high scho...
At what age, since 2012, are women allowed to serve a mission after high school graduation?
{'text': '19', 'answer_start': 659}
29,796
29,454
5706160975f01819005e7968
generic
The Traymore Hotel was located at the corner of Illinois Avenue and the boardwalk. Begun in 1879 as a small boarding house, the hotel grew through a series of uncoordinated expansions. By 1914, the hotel's owner, Daniel White, taking a hint from the Marlborough-Blenheim, commissioned the firm of Price and McLanahan to ...
Who was the owner of The Traymore Hotel?
{'text': 'Daniel White', 'answer_start': 213}
15,372
15,030
5acf95a777cf76001a685383
generic
Many cultures have taken their words for comics from English, including Russian (Russian: Комикс, komiks) and German (comic). Similarly, the Chinese term manhua and the Korean manhwa derive from the Chinese characters with which the Japanese term manga is written.
What Chinese word wasn't derived from the Japanese word manga?
{'text': 'manhua', 'answer_start': 154}
98,538
98,196
572aa3cfbe1ee31400cb80f5
generic
For much of Philadelphia's history, the typical home has been the row house. The row house was introduced to the United States via Philadelphia in the early 19th century and, for a time, row houses built elsewhere in the United States were known as "Philadelphia rows". A variety of row houses are found throughout the c...
Name a type of row house in the city?
{'text': 'Victorian-style homes in North Philadelphia to twin row houses in West Philadelphia', 'answer_start': 330}
12,180
11,838
56df7f4056340a1900b29c3e
generic
The early port settlement of Plymouth, called "Sutton", approximates to the area now referred to as the Barbican and has 100 listed buildings and the largest concentration of cobbled streets in Britain. The Pilgrim Fathers left for the New World in 1620 near the commemorative Mayflower Steps in Sutton Pool. Also on Sut...
How many listed buildings are present in the Barbican area?
{'text': '100', 'answer_start': 121}
85,716
85,374
5728090c2ca10214002d9c2a
generic
During World War II he worked on the Manhattan Project with J. Robert Oppenheimer and Edward Teller, developing the mathematical models behind the explosive lenses used in the implosion-type nuclear weapon. After the war, he served on the General Advisory Committee of the United States Atomic Energy Commission, and lat...
For what organizations was Von Neumann a consultant after World War II?
{'text': 'United States Air Force, the Armed Forces Special Weapons Project, and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory', 'answer_start': 416}