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It was during this decade that vocal house became firmly established, both in the underground and as part of the pop market, and labels such as Defected Records, Roule and Om were at the forefront of championing the emerging sound. In the mid-2000s, fusion genres such as electro house and fidget house emerged.[citation...
In what time period did Shade genres of house emerge?
{'text': 'mid-2000s', 'answer_start': 239}
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San Diego's roadway system provides an extensive network of routes for travel by bicycle. The dry and mild climate of San Diego makes cycling a convenient and pleasant year-round option. At the same time, the city's hilly, canyon-like terrain and significantly long average trip distances—brought about by strict low-den...
Why are average trip distances so lengthy in San Francisco?
{'text': "the city's hilly, canyon-like terrain", 'answer_start': 205}
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Governments of Republic of Turkey since that time have consistently rejected charges of genocide, typically arguing either that those Armenians who died were simply in the way of a war or that killings of Armenians were justified by their individual or collective support for the enemies of the Ottoman Empire. Passage o...
What does talking about the Ottoman Empire provoke?
{'text': 'diplomatic conflict', 'answer_start': 438}
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On 1 March 2014, at a special conference the party reformed internal Labour election procedures, including replacing the electoral college system for selecting new leaders with a "one member, one vote" system following the recommendation of a review by former general-secretary Ray Collins. Mass membership would be enco...
Who was allowed to join at a high cost?
{'text': 'registered supporters', 'answer_start': 340}
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Madonna entered mainstream films in February 1985, beginning with a brief appearance as a club singer in Vision Quest, a romantic drama film. Its soundtrack contained two new singles, her U.S. number-one single, "Crazy for You" and "Gambler". She also appeared in the comedy Desperately Seeking Susan in March 1985, a fi...
What is the name of the romantic drama film that Madonna starred in?
{'text': 'Vision Quest', 'answer_start': 105}
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Television money had also become much more important; the Football League received £6.3 million for a two-year agreement in 1986, but when that deal was renewed in 1988, the price rose to £44 million over four years. The 1988 negotiations were the first signs of a breakaway league; ten clubs threatened to leave and for...
When was the first year that clubs threatened to leave the Football League?
{'text': '1988', 'answer_start': 221}
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YouTube offered the public a beta test of the site in May 2005. The first video to reach one million views was a Nike advertisement featuring Ronaldinho in September 2005. Following a $3.5 million investment from Sequoia Capital in November, the site launched officially on December 15, 2005, by which time the site was ...
What was the first video to reach a million views?
{'text': 'a Nike advertisement', 'answer_start': 111}
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In 1988 Imperial merged with St Mary's Hospital Medical School, becoming The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine. In 1995 Imperial launched its own academic publishing house, Imperial College Press, in partnership with World Scientific. Imperial merged with the National Heart and Lung Institute in 1995...
What year was the Imperial College School of Medicine formally established?
{'text': '1997', 'answer_start': 467}
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In December 2009, then Indian Navy chief Admiral Nirmal Kumar Verma said at his maiden navy week press conference that concepts currently being examined by the Directorate of Naval Design for the second indigenous aircraft carrier (IAC-2), are for a conventionally powered carrier displacing over 50,000 tons and equippe...
Who didn't develop EMALS?
{'text': 'General Atomics', 'answer_start': 791}
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Orthodox Judaism maintains the historical understanding of Jewish identity. A Jew is someone who was born to a Jewish mother, or who converts to Judaism in accordance with Jewish law and tradition. Orthodoxy thus rejects patrilineal descent as a means of establishing Jewish identity. Similarly, Orthodoxy strongly conde...
Who maintains the modern understanding of Jewish identity?
{'text': 'Orthodox Judaism', 'answer_start': 0}
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Classical music is art music produced or rooted in the traditions of Western music, including both liturgical (religious) and secular music. While a similar term is also used to refer to the period from 1750 to 1820 (the Classical period), this article is about the broad span of time from roughly the 11th century to th...
From 1804-1910 was called what era?
{'text': 'Romantic', 'answer_start': 775}
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One commentator has observed that, notwithstanding the high unemployment resulting from the loss of full passports during 1981–2002, the level of loyalty to the British monarchy by the St Helena population is probably not exceeded in any other part of the world. King George VI is the only reigning monarch to have visit...
What caused high unemployment on the island?
{'text': 'loss of full passports', 'answer_start': 92}
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Motorsport racecourses and events were banned in Switzerland following the 1955 Le Mans disaster with exception to events such as Hillclimbing. During this period, the country still produced successful racing drivers such as Clay Regazzoni, Sebastian Buemi, Jo Siffert, Dominique Aegerter, successful World Touring Car C...
Which successful World Touring Car Championship driver was produced in Switzerland despite the ban on motorsport events?
{'text': 'Alain Menu', 'answer_start': 339}
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An integrated approach to phonological theory that combines synchronic and diachronic accounts to sound patterns was initiated with Evolutionary Phonology in recent years.
What is combined to sound patterns by Evolutionary Phonology?
{'text': 'synchronic and diachronic accounts', 'answer_start': 60}
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Nominations take place at the chiefdoms. On the day of nomination, the name of the nominee is raised by a show of hand and the nominee is given an opportunity to indicate whether he or she accepts the nomination. If he or she accepts it, he or she must be supported by at least ten members of that chiefdom. The nominati...
In the Swazi Parliament, what is the Bucopho?
{'text': 'Constituency Executive Committee', 'answer_start': 409}
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Yugoslavia had a liberal travel policy permitting foreigners to freely travel through the country and its citizens to travel worldwide, whereas it was limited by most Communist countries. A number[quantify] of Yugoslav citizens worked throughout Western Europe. Tito met many world leaders during his rule, such as Sovie...
Gandhi was a leader of what country?
{'text': 'Indian', 'answer_start': 411}
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The original post-punk movement ended as the bands associated with the movement turned away from its aesthetics, often in favor of more commercial sounds. Many of these groups would continue recording as part of the new pop movement, with entryism becoming a popular concept. In the United States, driven by MTV and mode...
Where was a lot of the post-punk pop bands played in addition to MTV?
{'text': 'American college radio', 'answer_start': 562}
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The son of an impoverished Bedouin goat herder, Gaddafi became involved in politics while at school in Sabha, subsequently enrolling in the Royal Military Academy, Benghazi. Founding a revolutionary cell within the military, in 1969 they seized power from the absolute monarchy of King Idris in a bloodless coup. Becomin...
In what city was the Royal Military Academy located?
{'text': 'Benghazi', 'answer_start': 164}
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The Paris department store had its roots in the magasin de nouveautés, or novelty store; the first, the Tapis Rouge, was created in 1784. They flourished in the early 19th century, with La Belle Jardiniere (1824), Aux Trois Quartiers (1829), and Le Petit Saint Thomas (1830). Balzac described their functioning in his no...
What factors influenced the increase of department stores in Paris?
{'text': 'the arrival of the railroads in Paris and the increased number of shoppers they brought', 'answer_start': 360}
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The London Underground in England is one of the few networks that uses a four-rail system. The additional rail carries the electrical return that, on third rail and overhead networks, is provided by the running rails. On the London Underground, a top-contact third rail is beside the track, energized at +420v DC, and a ...
Which system is now upgrading their fifth rail system to 750v DC?
{'text': 'London Underground', 'answer_start': 460}
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In a conventional lamp, the evaporated tungsten eventually condenses on the inner surface of the glass envelope, darkening it. For bulbs that contain a vacuum, the darkening is uniform across the entire surface of the envelope. When a filling of inert gas is used, the evaporated tungsten is carried in the thermal conve...
What happens when bulbs do not contain a vacuum?
{'text': 'the darkening is uniform across the entire surface of the envelope', 'answer_start': 160}
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Bermuda's economy is based on offshore insurance and reinsurance, and tourism, the two largest economic sectors. Bermuda had one of the world's highest GDP per capita for most of the 20th century and several years beyond. Recently, its economic status has been affected by the global recession. It has a subtropical clim...
What type of climate does Bermuda have?
{'text': 'subtropical', 'answer_start': 304}
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The current Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, of the United States House of Representatives serves as floor leader of the opposition party, and is the counterpart to the Majority Leader. Unlike the Majority Leader, the Minority Leader is on the ballot for Speaker of the House during the convening of the Congress. If the Mi...
Who is he current Minority leader?
{'text': 'Nancy Pelosi', 'answer_start': 28}
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The area's many colleges and universities make Boston an international center of higher education and medicine, and the city is considered to be a world leader in innovation. Boston's economic base also includes finance, professional and business services, biotechnology, information technology, and government activitie...
How does Boston rank on world livability?
{'text': 'high', 'answer_start': 81}
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In the 1500s, Paracelsus was probably the first to criticize Galen publicly. Also in the 16th century, scientist and artist Leonardo da Vinci compared metabolism to a burning candle. Leonardo did not publish his works on this subject, but he was not afraid of thinking for himself and he definitely disagreed with Galen....
Which well known gas did Jan Baptist van Helmont discover?
{'text': 'carbon dioxide', 'answer_start': 652}
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The Bronx contains one of the five poorest Congressional Districts in the United States, the 15th, but its wide diversity also includes affluent, upper-income and middle-income neighborhoods such as Riverdale, Fieldston, Spuyten Duyvil, Schuylerville, Pelham Bay, Pelham Gardens, Morris Park and Country Club. The Bronx,...
What crime problem happened in the Bronx in the 70s?
{'text': 'arson', 'answer_start': 485}
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The Taiping Rebellion in the mid-19th century was the first major instance of anti-Manchu sentiment threatening the stability of the dynasty. Hong Xiuquan, a failed civil service candidate, led the Taiping Rebellion, amid widespread social unrest and worsening famine. In 1851 Hong Xiuquan and others launched an uprisin...
Who led the Rebellion?
{'text': 'Hong Xiuquan', 'answer_start': 142}
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The scope of the term "post-punk" has been subject to controversy. While some critics, such as AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine, have employed the term "post-punk" to denote "a more adventurous and arty form of punk", others have suggested it pertains to a set of artistic sensibilities and approaches rather than any ...
Who described post-punk as "a more adventurous and arty form of punk"?
{'text': 'Stephen Thomas Erlewine', 'answer_start': 106}
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Noether's theorem (1918) states that any differentiable symmetry of the action of a physical system has a corresponding conservation law. Noether's theorem has become a fundamental tool of modern theoretical physics and the calculus of variations. A generalisation of the seminal formulations on constants of motion in L...
When was Noether's theorem destroyed?
{'text': '1918', 'answer_start': 19}
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The illuminated ceiling was once popular in the 1960s and 1970s but fell out of favor after the 1980s. This uses diffuser panels hung like a suspended ceiling below fluorescent lights, and is considered general lighting. Other forms include neon, which is not usually intended to illuminate anything else, but to actuall...
What uses diffuser panels below fluorescent lights?
{'text': 'illuminated ceiling', 'answer_start': 4}
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Somerset has a high indigenous British population, with 98.8% registering as white British and 92.4% of these as born in the United Kingdom. Chinese is the largest ethnic group, while the black minority ethnic proportion of the total population is 2.9%. Over 25% of Somerset's population is concentrated in Taunton, Brid...
What proportion of the Chinese ethnic group live in rural Somerset?
{'text': '2.9%', 'answer_start': 248}
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Intellectuals such as Robert Darnton and Jürgen Habermas have focused on the social conditions of the Enlightenment. Habermas described the creation of the "bourgeois public sphere" in 18th-century Europe, containing the new venues and modes of communication allowing for rational exchange. Habermas said that the public...
The new venues and modes of communication allowing for rational exchange were given what term by Habermas in 18th century Europe?
{'text': 'the "bourgeois public sphere"', 'answer_start': 152}
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The upgrade addressed a number of criticisms faced by Windows 8 upon its release, with additional customization options for the Start screen, the restoration of a visible Start button on the desktop, the ability to snap up to four apps on a single display, and the ability to boot to the desktop instead of the Start scr...
What search engine was added in Windows 8.1?
{'text': 'Bing-based unified search system', 'answer_start': 373}
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The reinforcement type defines two major classes of materials - woven and non-woven. Woven reinforcements are cheaper, but the high dielectric constant of glass may not be favorable for many higher-frequency applications. The spatially nonhomogeneous structure also introduces local variations in electrical parameters, ...
What type of structure do woven reinforcements have that cause them to have variation in their electrical parameters?
{'text': 'spatially nonhomogeneous', 'answer_start': 226}
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As it has on every aspect of Charleston culture, the Gullah community has had a tremendous influence on music in Charleston, especially when it comes to the early development of jazz music. In turn, the music of Charleston has had an influence on that of the rest of the country. The geechee dances that accompanied the ...
Who wrote the "Charleston"?
{'text': 'Chris Smith', 'answer_start': 653}
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Rapid decompression can be much more dangerous than vacuum exposure itself. Even if the victim does not hold his or her breath, venting through the windpipe may be too slow to prevent the fatal rupture of the delicate alveoli of the lungs. Eardrums and sinuses may be ruptured by rapid decompression, soft tissues may br...
What does acceleration of oxygen consumption do?
{'text': 'hypoxia', 'answer_start': 411}
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During the 12th century, the institutions of central government, which had hitherto accompanied the royal English court as it moved around the country, grew in size and sophistication and became increasingly fixed in one place. In most cases this was Westminster, although the royal treasury, having been moved from Winc...
Before being centrally located, how was the English government handled in terms of location?
{'text': 'accompanied the royal English court as it moved around the country', 'answer_start': 84}
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The Han dynasty inherited the ban liang coin type from the Qin. In the beginning of the Han, Emperor Gaozu closed the government mint in favor of private minting of coins. This decision was reversed in 186 BC by his widow Grand Empress Dowager Lü Zhi (d. 180 BC), who abolished private minting. In 182 BC, Lü Zhi issued ...
In what year was the decision reversing the closure of the government mint implemented?
{'text': '186 BC', 'answer_start': 202}
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The Acta Constitutiva de la Federación of January 31, 1824, and the Federal Constitution of October 4, 1824, fixed the political and administrative organization of the United Mexican States after the Mexican War of Independence. In addition, Section XXVIII of Article 50 gave the new Congress the right to choose where t...
Who is in charge of the land of Mexico City according to the original constitution?
{'text': 'federal government', 'answer_start': 427}
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The climate of Western Alaska is determined in large part by the Bering Sea and the Gulf of Alaska. It is a subarctic oceanic climate in the southwest and a continental subarctic climate farther north. The temperature is somewhat moderate considering how far north the area is. This region has a tremendous amount of var...
How much precipitation does the desert area of Eastern Alaska receive?
{'text': 'less than 10 in (25 cm) of precipitation annually', 'answer_start': 526}
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The strategy behind the formation of the Warsaw Pact was driven by the desire of the Soviet Union to dominate Central and Eastern Europe. This policy was driven by ideological and geostrategic reasons. Ideologically, the Soviet Union arrogated the right to define socialism and communism and act as the leader of the glo...
Which Soviet leader formed doctrine aimed at keeping socialist satellite nations in line?
{'text': 'Brezhnev', 'answer_start': 528}
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Korean Presbyterian denominations are active in evangelism and many of its missionaries are being sent overseas, being the second biggest missionary sender in the world after the United States. GSM, the missionary body of the "Hapdong" General Assembly of Presbyterian Churches of Korea, is the single largest Presbyteri...
Who is the biggest missionary sender in the world after the US?
{'text': 'Korean Presbyterian denominations', 'answer_start': 0}
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Finally, on 26 June, four days after France sued for an armistice with the Third Reich, the Soviet Union issued an ultimatum demanding Bessarabia and, unexpectedly, Northern Bukovina from Romania. Two days later, the Romanians caved to the Soviet demands and the Soviets occupied the territory. The Hertza region was ini...
How many days after France sued for peace did the Romanians reject the requests of the USSR?
{'text': 'Two', 'answer_start': 197}
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In terms of the newline, Unicode introduced U+2028 LINE SEPARATOR and U+2029 PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR. This was an attempt to provide a Unicode solution to encoding paragraphs and lines semantically, potentially replacing all of the various platform solutions. In doing so, Unicode does provide a way around the historical pl...
What is the name of the Cocoa text system?
{'text': 'W3C XML', 'answer_start': 646}
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Nigeria gained independence from the United Kingdom as a Commonwealth Realm on 1 October 1960. Nigeria's government was a coalition of conservative parties: the Nigerian People's Congress (NPC), a party dominated by Northerners and those of the Islamic faith, and the Igbo and Christian-dominated National Council of Nig...
Which Nigerian political party was mostly Christian?
{'text': 'National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons', 'answer_start': 297}
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Corruption facilitates environmental destruction. While corrupt societies may have formal legislation to protect the environment, it cannot be enforced if officials can easily be bribed. The same applies to social rights worker protection, unionization prevention, and child labor. Violation of these laws rights enables...
Corruption aids what as far as the environment is concerned?
{'text': 'environmental destruction', 'answer_start': 23}
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The Knights of Columbus, the world's largest Catholic fraternal service organization and a Fortune 1000 company, is headquartered in New Haven. Two more Fortune 1000 companies are based in Greater New Haven: the electrical equipment producers Hubbell, based in Orange, and Amphenol, based in Wallingford. Eight Courant 1...
New Haven contains one of largest religious service organization in the world, it's name?
{'text': 'Knights of Columbus', 'answer_start': 4}
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In 1821, Alexis Bouvard published astronomical tables of the orbit of Neptune's neighbour Uranus. Subsequent observations revealed substantial deviations from the tables, leading Bouvard to hypothesise that an unknown body was perturbing the orbit through gravitational interaction. In 1843, John Couch Adams began work ...
Who took away John Couch Adams' data?
{'text': 'Sir George Airy', 'answer_start': 445}
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The post-Mughal era was dominated by the rise of the Maratha suzerainty as other small regional states (mostly late Mughal tributary states) emerged, and also by the increasing activities of European powers. There is no doubt that the single most important power to emerge in the long twilight of the Mughal dynasty was ...
Who made the Marathas a strong power?
{'text': 'Peshwa Bajirao I', 'answer_start': 715}
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The High Middle Ages was a period of great religious movements. Besides the Crusades and monastic reforms, people sought to participate in new forms of religious life. New monastic orders were founded, including the Carthusians and the Cistercians. The latter especially expanded rapidly in their early years under the g...
Along with Rome and Jerusalem, what traditional pilgrimage site saw a greater number of visitors in the High Middle Ages?
{'text': 'Compostela', 'answer_start': 758}
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In 1798, the revolutionary French government conquered Switzerland and imposed a new unified constitution. This centralised the government of the country, effectively abolishing the cantons: moreover, Mülhausen joined France and Valtellina valley, the Cisalpine Republic, separating from Switzerland. The new regime, kno...
What was abolished with the introduction of the unified constitution in Switzerland?
{'text': 'the cantons', 'answer_start': 178}
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While asthma is a well recognized condition, there is not one universal agreed upon definition. It is defined by the Global Initiative for Asthma as "a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which many cells and cellular elements play a role. The chronic inflammation is associated with airway hyper-responsiven...
What does hyper-responsiveness of the airways cause?
{'text': 'episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and coughing', 'answer_start': 348}
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Proto-Iranian thus dates to some time after Proto-Indo-Iranian break-up, or the early second millennium BCE, as the Old Iranian languages began to break off and evolve separately as the various Iranian tribes migrated and settled in vast areas of southeastern Europe, the Iranian plateau, and Central Asia.
Where did early Iranian people establish societies?
{'text': 'southeastern Europe, the Iranian plateau, and Central Asia', 'answer_start': 247}
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Since 2009, the Tucson Festival of Books has been held annually over a two-day period in March at the University of Arizona. By 2010 it had become the fourth largest book festival in the United States, with 450 authors and 80,000 attendees. In addition to readings and lectures, it features a science fair, varied entert...
What award did the Tucson Festival of Books give to R. L. Stine?
{'text': "Founder's Award", 'answer_start': 485}
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Before emerging as a pop star, Madonna has spent her early years in rock music alongside her bands, Breakfast Club and Emmy. While performing with Emmy, Madonna recorded about 12-14 songs which resemble the punk rock of that period. Her early rock roots also can be found on the demo album Pre-Madonna. Stephen Thomas Er...
What is Madonna's second album?
{'text': 'Like a Virgin', 'answer_start': 863}
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Today, computer security comprises mainly "preventive" measures, like firewalls or an exit procedure. A firewall can be defined as a way of filtering network data between a host or a network and another network, such as the Internet, and can be implemented as software running on the machine, hooking into the network st...
Which system has a built in firewall?
{'text': 'Linux', 'answer_start': 386}
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The Total Force Policy was adopted by Chief of Staff of the Army General Creighton Abrams in the aftermath of the Vietnam War and involves treating the three components of the army – the Regular Army, the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve as a single force. Believing that no U.S. president should be able to take...
How many army components were affected by the Total Force Policy?
{'text': 'three', 'answer_start': 152}
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After the Union of Horodło the Lithuanian nobility acquired equal status with the Polish szlachta, and over time began to become more and more polonized, although they did preserve their national consciousness, and in most cases recognition of their Lithuanian family roots. In the 16th century some of the Lithuanian no...
What other group had equal status with the lithuanian nobility?
{'text': 'Polish szlachta', 'answer_start': 82}
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A combined UN civilian and peace-keeping force called UNTAG (United Nations Transition Assistance Group) under Finnish diplomat Martti Ahtisaari was deployed from April 1989 to March 1990 to monitor the peace process, elections and supervise military withdrawals. As UNTAG began to deploy peacekeepers, military observer...
Who was the head of the SWAPO party?
{'text': 'Martti Ahtisaari', 'answer_start': 128}
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The National Archives Building, known informally as Archives I, located north of the National Mall on Constitution Avenue in Washington, D.C., opened as its original headquarters in 1935. It holds the original copies of the three main formative documents of the United States and its government: the Declaration of Indep...
In what year was the Emancipation Proclamation written?
{'text': '1935', 'answer_start': 182}
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Writing to a friend in May 1795, Burke surveyed the causes of discontent: "I think I can hardly overrate the malignity of the principles of Protestant ascendency, as they affect Ireland; or of Indianism [i.e. corporate tyranny, as practiced by the British East Indies Company], as they affect these countries, and as the...
What did Burke initially call Indianism?
{'text': 'the greatest evil', 'answer_start': 431}
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Although it is not known exactly when Chopin first met Liszt after arriving in Paris, on 12 December 1831 he mentioned in a letter to his friend Woyciechowski that "I have met Rossini, Cherubini, Baillot, etc.—also Kalkbrenner. You would not believe how curious I was about Herz, Liszt, Hiller, etc." Liszt was in attend...
Who was the recipient of Frédéric's letter he wrote on 12 December 1831?
{'text': 'Woyciechowski', 'answer_start': 145}
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During the Cretaceous, the late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic supercontinent of Pangaea completed its breakup into present day continents, although their positions were substantially different at the time. As the Atlantic Ocean widened, the convergent-margin orogenies that had begun during the Jurassic continued in the Nort...
During what periods did Pangaea come together?
{'text': 'the Cretaceous, the late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic', 'answer_start': 7}
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Bahrain's prime minister, Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah has been in the post since 1970, making him the longest serving non-elected prime minister.
What country does Khalifah serve for as prime minister?
{'text': 'Bahrain', 'answer_start': 0}
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The links between religious and political life were vital to Rome's internal governance, diplomacy and development from kingdom, to Republic and to Empire. Post-regal politics dispersed the civil and religious authority of the kings more or less equitably among the patrician elite: kingship was replaced by two annually...
Who did the Senate select to settle a strike by the lower classes?
{'text': 'Camillus', 'answer_start': 725}
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In April 1994, the results of a Merck-sponsored study, the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study, were announced. Researchers tested simvastatin, later sold by Merck as Zocor, on 4,444 patients with high cholesterol and heart disease. After five years, the study concluded the patients saw a 35% reduction in their cho...
How many patients received Zocor?
{'text': '4,444', 'answer_start': 181}
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In order to enlist Stalin's support, Zhou and a Chinese delegation left for Moscow on 8 October, arriving there on 10 October at which point they flew to Stalin's home at the Black Sea. There they conferred with the top Soviet leadership which included Joseph Stalin as well as Vyacheslav Molotov, Lavrentiy Beria and Ge...
Where did the fighting take place that rendered Soviet air support useless to the Chinese?
{'text': 'the south side of the Yalu', 'answer_start': 923}
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The Sardinian language is considered to be its own Romance language family, separate not only from standard Italian but also the wider Italo-Dalmatian family, and it includes the Campidanese Sardinian and Logudorese Sardinian variants. However, Gallurese, Sassarese, and Corsican are also spoken in Sardinia, and these l...
Campidanese Sardinian is a variant of what language?
{'text': 'The Sardinian language', 'answer_start': 0}
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Eclectic readings also normally give an impression of the number of witnesses to each available reading. Although a reading supported by the majority of witnesses is frequently preferred, this does not follow automatically. For example, a second edition of a Shakespeare play may include an addition alluding to an event...
Which edition did not include an addition alluding to an event?
{'text': 'second', 'answer_start': 239}
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Equivalently, the smallness of the Planck constant reflects the fact that everyday objects and systems are made of a large number of particles. For example, green light with a wavelength of 555 nanometres (the approximate wavelength to which human eyes are most sensitive) has a frequency of 7014540000000000000♠540 THz ...
How much energy does a green light of wavelength 555 nm contain?
{'text': '7005216000000000000♠216 kJ/mol', 'answer_start': 901}
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As a foreign language, Dutch is mainly taught in primary and secondary schools in areas adjacent to the Netherlands and Flanders. In French-speaking Belgium, over 300,000 pupils are enrolled in Dutch courses, followed by over 23,000 in the German states of Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia, and about 7,000 in the...
What country has the most universities offering courses in neerlandistiek?
{'text': 'Germany', 'answer_start': 485}
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Just as their customers pay them for Internet access, ISPs themselves pay upstream ISPs for Internet access. An upstream ISP usually has a larger network than the contracting ISP or is able to provide the contracting ISP with access to parts of the Internet the contracting ISP by itself has no access to.
what usually has a larger network, the ISP of the customer or the upstream ISP?
{'text': 'upstream ISPs', 'answer_start': 74}
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In November 1844, the anonymously published popular science book Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation, written by Scottish journalist Robert Chambers, widened public interest in the concept of transmutation of species. Vestiges used evidence from the fossil record and embryology to support the claim that living ...
Which scientist was in favor of Lamarckism in the 1850s?
{'text': 'Herbert Spencer', 'answer_start': 1047}
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Several dozen radioisotopes have been characterized. 65Zn, which has a half-life of 243.66 days, is the most long-lived radioisotope, followed by 72Zn with a half-life of 46.5 hours. Zinc has 10 nuclear isomers. 69mZn has the longest half-life, 13.76 h. The superscript m indicates a metastable isotope. The nucleus of a...
How many boring states does 61Zn have?
{'text': 'three', 'answer_start': 457}
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The University of Kansas (KU) is a public research university and the largest in the U.S. state of Kansas. KU branch campuses are located in the towns of Lawrence, Wichita, Overland Park, Salina, and Kansas City, Kansas, with the main campus located in Lawrence on Mount Oread, the highest location in Lawrence. Founded ...
What is the tallest point in Lawrence?
{'text': 'Mount Oread', 'answer_start': 265}
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Much of California consists of a Mediterranean climate, with sometimes excessive rainfall from October–April and nearly no rain the rest of the year. In the Pacific Northwest rain falls year-round, but is much heavier during winter and spring. The mountains of the west receive abundant precipitation and very heavy snow...
What is the most prevalent type of climate nCalifornia?
{'text': 'Mediterranean', 'answer_start': 33}
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The predominant religion is southern Europe is Christianity. Christianity spread throughout Southern Europe during the Roman Empire, and Christianity was adopted as the official religion of the Roman Empire in the year 380 AD. Due to the historical break of the Christian Church into the western half based in Rome and t...
Why are different branches of Christianity spread evenly over Europe?
{'text': 'Due to the historical break of the Christian Church', 'answer_start': 227}
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Many Sanskrit loanwords are also found in Austronesian languages, such as Javanese, particularly the older form in which nearly half the vocabulary is borrowed. Other Austronesian languages, such as traditional Malay and modern Indonesian, also derive much of their vocabulary from Sanskrit, albeit to a lesser extent, w...
What is an example of a Sanskrit loanword used in Southeast Asian languages?
{'text': 'bhāṣā', 'answer_start': 561}
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After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symb...
What date was the Olympic torch lit?
{'text': 'March 24', 'answer_start': 77}
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Kievan Rus' begins with the rule (882–912) of Prince Oleg, who extended his control from Novgorod south along the Dnieper river valley in order to protect trade from Khazar incursions from the east and moved his capital to the more strategic Kiev. Sviatoslav I (died 972) achieved the first major expansion of Kievan Rus...
Who was the ruler at the begining of Kievan?
{'text': 'Prince Oleg', 'answer_start': 46}
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Gesamtschulen might put bright working class students at risk according to several studies. It could be shown that an achievement gap opens between working class students attending a comprehensive and their middle class peers. Also working class students attending a Gymnasium or a Realschule outperform students from si...
From what group does an achievement gap separate working class students at uncomprehensive schools?
{'text': 'middle class peers', 'answer_start': 207}
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Those who subscribe to this interpretation believe that since the Christian scriptures never counter instrumental language with any negative judgment on instruments, opposition to instruments instead comes from an interpretation of history. There is no written opposition to musical instruments in any setting in the fir...
Where does rejection of using instruments according to God's will come from?
{'text': 'an interpretation of history', 'answer_start': 211}
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A census of sea life carried out during the International Polar Year and which involved some 500 researchers was released in 2010. The research is part of the global Census of Marine Life (CoML) and has disclosed some remarkable findings. More than 235 marine organisms live in both polar regions, having bridged the gap...
What was released in 2001?
{'text': 'A census of sea life', 'answer_start': 0}
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Photo Gallery is an optional application to view, create and group photos from PS3, which is installed separately from the system software at 105 MB. It was introduced in system software version 2.60 and provides a range of tools for sorting through and displaying the system's pictures. The key feature of this applicat...
Is Video Gallery automatically or separately installed?
{'text': 'separately', 'answer_start': 103}
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Natives of North America began practicing farming approximately 4,000 years ago, late in the Archaic period of North American cultures. Technology had advanced to the point that pottery was becoming common and the small-scale felling of trees had become feasible. Concurrently, the Archaic Indians began using fire in a ...
How did Archaic Indians use fire?
{'text': 'a controlled manner', 'answer_start': 318}
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Red is used in modern fashion much as it was used in Medieval painting; to attract the eyes of the viewer to the person who is supposed to be the center of attention. People wearing red seem to be closer than those dressed in other colors, even if they are actually the same distance away. Monarchs, wives of Presidentia...
What is the main impact of people wearing red as it relates to the perception of distance?
{'text': 'People wearing red seem to be closer', 'answer_start': 167}
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The RCAF and Joint Task Force (North) (JTFN) also maintain at various points throughout Canada's northern region a chain of forward operating locations, each capable of supporting fighter operations. Elements of CF-18 squadrons periodically deploy to these airports for short training exercises or Arctic sovereignty pat...
What squadrons won't deploy to these locations?
{'text': 'CF-18', 'answer_start': 212}
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However, relatively few organisations maintain computer systems with effective detection systems, and fewer still have organised response mechanisms in place. As result, as Reuters points out: "Companies for the first time report they are losing more through electronic theft of data than physical stealing of assets". T...
What is the source of the quote?
{'text': 'Reuters', 'answer_start': 173}
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A large Russian assault on the allied supply base to the southeast, at Balaclava was rebuffed on 25 October 1854.:521–527 The Battle of Balaclava is remembered in the UK for the actions of two British units. At the start of the battle, a large body of Russian cavalry charged the 93rd Highlanders, who were posted north ...
What risky maneuver did Sir Colin Campbell have the 93rd Highlanders form?
{'text': 'a single line, two men deep', 'answer_start': 521}
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In November 1795, there was a debate in Parliament on the high price of corn and Burke wrote a memorandum to Pitt on the subject. In December Samuel Whitbread MP introduced a bill giving magistrates the power to fix minimum wages and Fox said he would vote for it. This debate probably led Burke to editing his memorandu...
What was the subject of the letter Arthur Young did not complete?
{'text': 'This debate', 'answer_start': 265}
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In Arabic-speaking cultures, two words are commonly used for Christians: Naṣrānī (نصراني), plural Naṣārā (نصارى) is generally understood to be derived from Nazareth through the Syriac (Aramaic); Masīḥī (مسيحي) means followers of the Messiah. The term Nasara rose to prominence in July 2014, after the Fall of Mosul to th...
Which term means followers of the Islamic State of Iraq?
{'text': 'Masīḥī', 'answer_start': 195}
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The architecture and urbanism of the Classical civilizations such as the Greek and the Roman evolved from civic ideals rather than religious or empirical ones and new building types emerged. Architectural "style" developed in the form of the Classical orders.
These civic ideas allowed what to come into being?
{'text': 'new building types', 'answer_start': 163}
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After a visit to Brasília, the French writer Simone de Beauvoir complained that all of its superquadras exuded "the same air of elegant monotony," and other observers have equated the city's large open lawns, plazas, and fields to wastelands. As the city has matured, some of these have gained adornments, and many have ...
What nationality was de Beauvoir?
{'text': 'French', 'answer_start': 31}
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On 5 July 2004, the BBC celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of its television news bulletins (although it had produced the Television Newsreel for several years before 1954). This event was marked by the release of a DVD, which showed highlights of the BBC's television coverage of significant events over the half-centu...
What was the date the BBC celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of its television newsreel?
{'text': '5 July 2004', 'answer_start': 3}
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The Richmond area also has two railroad stations served by Amtrak. Each station receives regular service from north of Richmond including Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, and New York. The suburban Staples Mill Road Station is located on a major north-south freight line and receives all service to and from all points so...
What station services all southern rail traffic passing through Richmond?
{'text': 'Staples Mill Road Station', 'answer_start': 197}
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"At 11 am Petrus Canisius Van Lierde as Papal Sacristan was at the bedside of the dying pope, ready to anoint him. The pope began to speak for the very last time: "I had the great grace to be born into a Christian family, modest and poor, but with the fear of the Lord. My time on earth is drawing to a close. But Christ...
Who was at the dying pope's bedside?
{'text': 'Petrus Canisius Van Lierde', 'answer_start': 10}
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Where Congress does not make great and sweeping delegations of its authority, the Supreme Court has been less stringent. One of the earliest cases involving the exact limits of non-delegation was Wayman v. Southard 23 U.S. (10 Wet.) 1, 42 (1825). Congress had delegated to the courts the power to prescribe judicial proc...
When was the US Congress Court Wayman v. Southard heard?
{'text': '1825', 'answer_start': 240}
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The emperor Julian made a short-lived attempt to revive traditional and Hellenistic religion and to affirm the special status of Judaism, but in 380 under Theodosius I, Nicene Christianity became the official state religion of the Roman Empire. Pleas for religious tolerance from traditionalists such as the senator Symm...
What group was excluded or persecuted by the empire?
{'text': 'Heretics', 'answer_start': 392}
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In addition to films, Turner Classic Movies also airs original content, mostly documentaries about classic movie personalities, the world of filmmaking and particularly notable films. An occasional month-long series, Race and Hollywood, showcases films by and about people of non-white races, featuring discussions of ho...
In what year did Screened Out appear?
{'text': '2007', 'answer_start': 766}
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In the martial arts, Faisal Jeylani Aweys and Mohamed Deq Abdulle also took home a silver medal and fourth place, respectively, at the 2013 Open World Taekwondo Challenge Cup in Tongeren. The Somali National Olympic committee has devised a special support program to ensure continued success in future tournaments. Addit...
Where did the 2013 Open World Taekwondo Challenge Cup take place?
{'text': 'Tongeren', 'answer_start': 178}