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94,230 | 93,888 | 5ad13830645df0001a2d121e | generic | Mark Z. Jacobson, professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University and director of its Atmosphere and Energy Program says producing all new energy with wind power, solar power, and hydropower by 2030 is feasible and existing energy supply arrangements could be replaced by 2050. Barriers to implem... | Who is a professor of English at Stanford University? | {'text': 'Mark Z. Jacobson', 'answer_start': 0} |
71,854 | 71,512 | 5acf922c77cf76001a6852c2 | generic | Capacitors may retain a charge long after power is removed from a circuit; this charge can cause dangerous or even potentially fatal shocks or damage connected equipment. For example, even a seemingly innocuous device such as a disposable-camera flash unit, powered by a 1.5 volt AA battery, has a capacitor which may co... | How much energy could a capacitor in a disposable camera release? | {'text': 'over 15 joules of energy', 'answer_start': 326} |
23,478 | 23,136 | 56f7477aa6d7ea1400e1714c | generic | The possibility of withdrawal depends on the terms of the treaty and its travaux preparatoire. It has, for example, been held that it is not possible to withdraw from the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. When North Korea declared its intention to do this the Secretary-General of the United Nations,... | The terms and travaux preparatoire of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights were both factors in determining what aspect of the treaty as it relates to North Korea's stated intentions? | {'text': 'The possibility of withdrawal', 'answer_start': 0} |
44,760 | 44,418 | 571001fea58dae1900cd67c7 | generic | Translation is a major obstacle when comparing different cultures. Many English terms lack equivalents in other languages, while concepts and words from other languages fail to be reflected in the English language. Translation and vocabulary obstacles are not limited to the English language. Language can force individu... | Why does translation cause such issues among different cultures? | {'text': 'English terms lack equivalents in other languages, while concepts and words from other languages fail to be reflected in the English language.', 'answer_start': 72} |
92,122 | 91,780 | 5728c45b2ca10214002da746 | generic | Homer illustrated Paeon the god, and the song both of apotropaic thanksgiving or triumph.[citation needed] Such songs were originally addressed to Apollo, and afterwards to other gods: to Dionysus, to Apollo Helios, to Apollo's son Asclepius the healer. About the 4th century BCE, the paean became merely a formula of ad... | About the 4th Century BCE, what was the object of paean? | {'text': 'to implore protection against disease and misfortune', 'answer_start': 351} |
110,395 | 110,053 | 572f91a0947a6a140053ca73 | generic | While Western Armenia still remained under Ottoman rule, the Armenians were granted considerable autonomy within their own enclaves and lived in relative harmony with other groups in the empire (including the ruling Turks). However, as Christians under a strict Muslim social system, Armenians faced pervasive discrimina... | What prompted the state-sponsored slaughter of Armenians? | {'text': 'pushing for more rights', 'answer_start': 342} |
62,368 | 62,026 | 57279d5a3acd2414000de7e9 | generic | More than half of the Jews live in the Diaspora (see Population table). Currently, the largest Jewish community outside Israel, and either the largest or second-largest Jewish community in the world, is located in the United States, with 5.2 million to 6.4 million Jews by various estimates. Elsewhere in the Americas, t... | More than half of the Jews live where? | {'text': 'Diaspora', 'answer_start': 39} |
100,252 | 99,910 | 572ba8fcf75d5e190021fe82 | generic | The verbs of most aspect pairs differ in one of two ways: by prefix or by suffix. In prefix pairs, the perfective verb has an added prefix—for example, the imperfective psát (to write, to be writing) compared with the perfective napsat (to write down, to finish writing). The most common prefixes are na-, o-, po-, s-, u... | What type of action can second level morphed imperfective verbs denote? | {'text': 'repeated or regular action', 'answer_start': 670} |
39,129 | 38,787 | 570c2d336b8089140040fbca | generic | On 20 February 2001, the bureau announced that a special agent, Robert Hanssen (born 1944) had been arrested for spying for the Soviet Union and then Russia from 1979 to 2001. He is serving 15 consecutive life sentences without the possibility of parole at ADX Florence, a federal supermax prison near Florence, Colorado... | When did the FBI announce Robert Hanssen's arrest? | {'text': '20 February 2001', 'answer_start': 3} |
106,966 | 106,624 | 5a567d306349e2001acdcdc7 | generic | A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the dat... | Where is the photodiode? | {'text': 'within the disc tray', 'answer_start': 450} |
32,441 | 32,099 | 57096446ed30961900e8406a | generic | Census-wise, the state is placed 21st on the population chart, followed by Tripura at 22nd place. Kangra district was top ranked with a population strength of 1,507,223 (21.98%), Mandi district 999,518 (14.58%), Shimla district 813,384 (11.86%), Solan district 576,670 (8.41%), Sirmaur district 530,164 (7.73%), Una dist... | Where did the state place on population chart? | {'text': '21st', 'answer_start': 33} |
108,944 | 108,602 | 57302e1c947a6a140053d228 | generic | Santa Monica has a bike action plan and recently launched a Bicycle sharing system in November 2015. The city is traversed by the Marvin Braude Bike Trail. Santa Monica has received the Bicycle Friendly Community Award (Bronze in 2009, Silver in 2013) by the League of American Bicyclists. Local bicycle advocacy organiz... | What other year did Santa Monica receive the Bicycle Friendly Community award? | {'text': '2009', 'answer_start': 230} |
109,988 | 109,646 | 57340842d058e614000b681c | generic | Tucson (/ˈtuːsɒn/ /tuːˈsɒn/) is a city and the county seat of Pima County, Arizona, United States, and home to the University of Arizona. The 2010 United States Census put the population at 520,116, while the 2013 estimated population of the entire Tucson metropolitan statistical area (MSA) was 996,544. The Tucson MSA ... | How far is Tucson from Mexico? | {'text': '60 mi (97 km)', 'answer_start': 634} |
120,779 | 120,437 | 5731434205b4da19006bcf86 | generic | Red is associated with dominance in a number of animal species. For example, in mandrills, red coloration of the face is greatest in alpha males, increasingly less prominent in lower ranking subordinates, and directly correlated with levels of testosterone. Red can also affect the perception of dominance by others, lea... | In what sport have judges been shown to favor athletes wearing red? | {'text': 'tae kwon do', 'answer_start': 821} |
48,695 | 48,353 | 571d2eafdd7acb1400e4c246 | generic | In the United States, new pharmaceutical products must be approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as being both safe and effective. This process generally involves submission of an Investigational New Drug filing with sufficient pre-clinical data to support proceeding with human trials. Following IND approva... | The safety and efficacy of new drugs must be approved by what organization in the US? | {'text': 'Food and Drug Administration', 'answer_start': 74} |
106,693 | 106,351 | 5a0f2e01decec90018475496 | generic | The Intermontane Plateaus come to an end at the Cascade Range and the Sierra Nevada. The Cascades consist of largely intermittent, volcanic mountains, many rising prominently from the surrounding landscape. The Sierra Nevada, further south, is a high, rugged, and dense mountain range. It contains the highest point in t... | The Cascades consist largely of overlapping what? | {'text': 'volcanic mountains', 'answer_start': 131} |
2,224 | 1,882 | 56cc858b6d243a140015efec | generic | The iPod line can play several audio file formats including MP3, AAC/M4A, Protected AAC, AIFF, WAV, Audible audiobook, and Apple Lossless. The iPod photo introduced the ability to display JPEG, BMP, GIF, TIFF, and PNG image file formats. Fifth and sixth generation iPod Classics, as well as third generation iPod Nanos, ... | What does DRM stand for? | {'text': 'Digital Rights Management', 'answer_start': 729} |
91,218 | 90,876 | 572984bc1d046914007794fa | generic | Many insects possess very sensitive and, or specialized organs of perception. Some insects such as bees can perceive ultraviolet wavelengths, or detect polarized light, while the antennae of male moths can detect the pheromones of female moths over distances of many kilometers. The yellow paper wasp (Polistes versicolo... | Bees can detect what kind of light? | {'text': 'polarized light', 'answer_start': 152} |
43,148 | 42,806 | 5ad2bbf1d7d075001a42a097 | generic | Antarctica is colder than the Arctic for three reasons. First, much of the continent is more than 3,000 m (9,800 ft) above sea level, and temperature decreases with elevation in the troposphere. Second, the Arctic Ocean covers the north polar zone: the ocean's relative warmth is transferred through the icepack and prev... | What continent is 9,800 m above sea level? | {'text': 'Antarctica', 'answer_start': 0} |
90,930 | 90,588 | 5728b741ff5b5019007da547 | generic | When Cowan Powers and his family recorded their old-time music from 1924-1926, his daughter Orpha Powers was one of the earliest known southern-music artists to record with the mandolin. By the 1930s, single mandolins were becoming more commonly used in southern string band music, most notably by brother duets such as ... | Who was the earliest known southern music artist? | {'text': 'Orpha Powers', 'answer_start': 92} |
113,550 | 113,208 | 5a544a87134fea001a0e16f5 | generic | Muslim engineers in the Islamic world made a number of innovative industrial uses of hydropower, and early industrial uses of tidal power and wind power, fossil fuels such as petroleum, and early large factory complexes (tiraz in Arabic). The industrial uses of watermills in the Islamic world date back to the 7th centu... | Who had watermills by the 1100's? | {'text': 'every province throughout the Islamic world', 'answer_start': 674} |
16,209 | 15,867 | 56e087e6231d4119001ac276 | generic | The United States had multiple rocket programs divided among the different branches of the American armed services, which meant that each force developed its own ICBM program. The Air Force initiated ICBM research in 1945 with the MX-774. However, its funding was cancelled and only three partially successful launches w... | What type of rocket was first researched by the Air Force? | {'text': 'MX-774', 'answer_start': 231} |
96,867 | 96,525 | 572a600cfed8de19000d5bbd | generic | Ottoman illumination covers non-figurative painted or drawn decorative art in books or on sheets in muraqqa or albums, as opposed to the figurative images of the Ottoman miniature. It was a part of the Ottoman Book Arts together with the Ottoman miniature (taswir), calligraphy (hat), Islamic calligraphy, bookbinding (c... | What palace was the place of creation for illustrated manuscripts? | {'text': 'Topkapi Palace', 'answer_start': 486} |
5,571 | 5,229 | 56d079e1234ae51400d9c30f | generic | Śuddhodana was determined to see his son become a king, so he prevented him from leaving the palace grounds. But at age 29, despite his father's efforts, Gautama ventured beyond the palace several times. In a series of encounters—known in Buddhist literature as the four sights—he learned of the suffering of ordinary pe... | What are the four sights in Buddhism? | {'text': 'encountering an old man, a sick man, a corpse and, finally, an ascetic holy man', 'answer_start': 326} |
102,827 | 102,485 | 572e9a3fc246551400ce43c5 | generic | Studio producers Richard D. Zanuck and David Brown offered Spielberg the director's chair for Jaws, a thriller-horror film based on the Peter Benchley novel about an enormous killer shark. Spielberg has often referred to the gruelling shoot as his professional crucible. Despite the film's ultimate, enormous success, it... | Why was Jaws nearly shut down? | {'text': 'delays and budget over-runs', 'answer_start': 349} |
5,793 | 5,451 | 56d1ef6ae7d4791d00902599 | generic | According to Buddhist traditions a Buddha is a fully awakened being who has completely purified his mind of the three poisons of desire, aversion and ignorance. A Buddha is no longer bound by Samsara and has ended the suffering which unawakened people experience in life. | Who is a fully awakened being who has purified his mind of the three poisons of desire, aversion, and ignorance? | {'text': 'a Buddha', 'answer_start': 33} |
53,384 | 53,042 | 5acd0cc307355d001abf325a | generic | In 1933, Herbert Chapman, wanting his players to be more distinctly dressed, updated the kit, adding white sleeves and changing the shade to a brighter pillar box red. Two possibilities have been suggested for the origin of the white sleeves. One story reports that Chapman noticed a supporter in the stands wearing a re... | Who founded Arsenal? | {'text': 'Herbert Chapman', 'answer_start': 9} |
32,402 | 32,060 | 5a363306788daf001a5f877c | generic | The state is well known for its handicrafts. The carpets, leather works, shawls, metalware, woodwork and paintings are worth appreciating. Pashmina shawls are a product that is highly in demand in Himachal and all over the country. Himachali caps are famous art work of the people. Extreme cold winters of Himachal neces... | What is desar considered as when used as ritual cloth? | {'text': 'pure', 'answer_start': 416} |
71,274 | 70,932 | 5ad281a2d7d075001a429806 | generic | On 1 September, Germany invaded Poland from the west. Within the first few days of the invasion, Germany began conducting massacres of Polish and Jewish civilians and POWs. These executions took place in over 30 towns and villages in the first month of German occupation. The Luftwaffe also took part by strafing fleeing... | How long didn't the Germans massacre Polish and Jewish civilians? | {'text': 'first month of German occupation', 'answer_start': 238} |
19,008 | 18,666 | 56e6c52c6fe0821900b8eb66 | generic | Hard rock had been established as a mainstream genre by 1965. From the end of the 1960s, it became common to divide mainstream rock music into soft and hard rock, with both emerging as major radio formats in the US. Soft rock was often derived from folk rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melo... | As of what year was hard rock a mainstream type of music? | {'text': '1965', 'answer_start': 56} |
103,032 | 102,690 | 5ad4ccbb5b96ef001a10a107 | generic | Other major television series Spielberg produced were Band of Brothers, Taken and The Pacific. He was an executive producer on the critically acclaimed 2005 TV miniseries Into the West which won two Emmy awards, including one for Geoff Zanelli's score. For his 2010 miniseries The Pacific he teamed up once again with co... | In what year did Geoff Zanelli start to score movies? | {'text': '2005', 'answer_start': 152} |
106,122 | 105,780 | 572f8f36a23a5019007fc755 | generic | During the Eastern Han, conscription could be avoided if one paid a commutable tax. The Eastern Han court favored the recruitment of a volunteer army. The volunteer army comprised the Southern Army (Nanjun 南軍), while the standing army stationed in and near the capital was the Northern Army (Beijun 北軍). Led by Colonels ... | What army was considered to be the volunteer army? | {'text': 'Southern Army', 'answer_start': 184} |
41,627 | 41,285 | 570d23d4b3d812140066d47e | generic | During 1889, Thomas Edison had business interests in many electricity-related companies: Edison Lamp Company, a lamp manufacturer in East Newark, New Jersey; Edison Machine Works, a manufacturer of dynamos and large electric motors in Schenectady, New York; Bergmann & Company, a manufacturer of electric lighting fixtur... | In what year did Drexel, Morgan & Co. begin to finance Edison's research and form Edison General Electric Company? | {'text': '1889', 'answer_start': 540} |
70,812 | 70,470 | 5726e773dd62a815002e948d | generic | According to the International Organization for Migration, Nigeria witnessed a dramatic increase in remittances sent home from overseas Nigerians, going from USD 2.3 billion in 2004 to 17.9 billion in 2007. The United States accounts for the largest portion of official remittances, followed by the United Kingdom, Italy... | How much money did overseas Nigerians send home in 2007? | {'text': '17.9 billion', 'answer_start': 185} |
55,103 | 54,761 | 572617bcec44d21400f3d8b2 | generic | Shell was vertically integrated and is active in every area of the oil and gas industry, including exploration and production, refining, distribution and marketing, petrochemicals, power generation and trading. It has minor renewable energy activities in the form of biofuels and wind. It has operations in over 90 count... | What is the name of Shell's subsidiary in the United States? | {'text': 'Shell Oil Company', 'answer_start': 431} |
123,768 | 123,426 | 5a7b54ff21c2de001afe9eda | generic | Greece's rail network is estimated to be at 2,548 km. Rail transport in Greece is operated by TrainOSE, a subsidiary of the Hellenic Railways Organization (OSE). Most of the country's network is standard gauge (1,565 km), while the country also has 983 km of narrow gauge. A total of 764 km of rail are electrified. Gree... | How long is Greek's rail network estimated to be damaged? | {'text': '2,548 km', 'answer_start': 44} |
80,811 | 80,469 | 572814a54b864d1900164410 | generic | Unicode has been criticized for failing to separately encode older and alternative forms of kanji which, critics argue, complicates the processing of ancient Japanese and uncommon Japanese names. This is often due to the fact that Unicode encodes characters rather than glyphs (the visual representations of the basic ch... | What perception does the unification of glyphs cause? | {'text': 'the languages themselves, not just the basic character representation, are being merged', 'answer_start': 426} |
121,156 | 120,814 | 5731d53d0fdd8d15006c6596 | generic | Drinking water supply and sanitation in Egypt is characterised by both achievements and challenges. Among the achievements are an increase of piped water supply between 1990 and 2010 from 89% to 100% in urban areas and from 39% to 93% in rural areas despite rapid population growth, the elimination of open defecation in... | Currently how much of Egypt's population is connected to sanitary sewers? | {'text': '99%', 'answer_start': 517} |
35,205 | 34,863 | 570a82934103511400d597c7 | generic | The four main dialectal forms of Old English were Mercian, Northumbrian, Kentish, and West Saxon. Mercian and Northumbrian are together referred to as Anglian. In terms of geography the Northumbrian region lay north of the Humber River; the Mercian lay north of the Thames and South of the Humber River; West Saxon lay s... | What is a term that collectively refers to Northumbrian and Mercian? | {'text': 'Anglian', 'answer_start': 151} |
22,440 | 22,098 | 56f75395aef2371900625b1c | generic | Similarly, movies and television often revert to standard, clichéd snatches of classical music to convey refinement or opulence: some of the most-often heard pieces in this category include Bach´s Cello Suite No. 1, Mozart's Eine kleine Nachtmusik, Vivaldi's Four Seasons, Mussorgsky's Night on Bald Mountain (as orchest... | What piece by Vivaldi is used as a cliche to convey opulence? | {'text': 'Four Seasons', 'answer_start': 259} |
79,623 | 79,281 | 5a7e592670df9f001a8757a2 | generic | St. Patrick's Street, the main street of the city which was remodelled in the mid-2000s, is known for the architecture of the buildings along its pedestrian-friendly route and is the main shopping thoroughfare. The reason for its curved shape is that it originally was a channel of the River Lee that was built over on a... | Who built the Allied Irish Bank in 1850? | {'text': 'Pablo Fanque', 'answer_start': 521} |
58,161 | 57,819 | 572897fe2ca10214002da4a4 | generic | A few special additions enhance the language-learning experience. For example, BYU's International Cinema, featuring films in several languages, is the largest and longest-running university-run foreign film program in the country. As already noted, BYU also offers an intensive foreign language living experience, the F... | Which BYU building features films in several languages? | {'text': 'International Cinema', 'answer_start': 85} |
62,551 | 62,209 | 572740875951b619008f8775 | generic | During the American Civil War, American cotton exports slumped due to a Union blockade on Southern ports, and also because of a strategic decision by the Confederate government to cut exports, hoping to force Britain to recognize the Confederacy or enter the war. This prompted the main purchasers of cotton, Britain and... | When did the American cotton industry fail? | {'text': 'American Civil War', 'answer_start': 11} |
27,990 | 27,648 | 56fb6623b28b3419009f1d1e | generic | The migrations and invasions of the 4th and 5th centuries disrupted trade networks around the Mediterranean. African goods stopped being imported into Europe, first disappearing from the interior and by the 7th century found only in a few cities such as Rome or Naples. By the end of the 7th century, under the impact of... | What non-local goods have archaeologists typically found in Britain of this era? | {'text': 'luxury goods', 'answer_start': 730} |
22,736 | 22,394 | 56f74604aef2371900625a8a | generic | The pagan Slavic populations were Christianized between the 6th and 10th centuries. Orthodox Christianity is predominant in the East and South Slavs, while Roman Catholicism is predominant in West Slavs and the western South Slavs. The religious borders are largely comparable to the East–West Schism which began in the ... | What religion is predominant in the East and South Slavs? | {'text': 'Orthodox Christianity', 'answer_start': 84} |
26,917 | 26,575 | 56f9df829b226e1400dd15d8 | generic | In 1949, France started its transmissions with an 819 lines system (with 737 active lines). The system was monochrome only, and was used only on VHF for the first French TV channel. It was discontinued in 1983. | When was France's 819 line system discontinued? | {'text': '1983', 'answer_start': 205} |
44,757 | 44,415 | 570fa7b080d9841400ab361f | generic | Translation is a major obstacle when comparing different cultures. Many English terms lack equivalents in other languages, while concepts and words from other languages fail to be reflected in the English language. Translation and vocabulary obstacles are not limited to the English language. Language can force individu... | Where are the meanings of words negotiated? | {'text': 'mass media', 'answer_start': 573} |
68,703 | 68,361 | 572719d5dd62a815002e9901 | generic | Obesity can unfavourably alter hormonal and metabolic status via resistance to the hormone leptin, and a vicious cycle may occur in which insulin/leptin resistance and obesity aggravate one another. The vicious cycle is putatively fuelled by continuously high insulin/leptin stimulation and fat storage, as a result of h... | In the so called vicious cycle, what aggravates obesity to continue the cycle? | {'text': 'insulin/leptin resistance', 'answer_start': 138} |
50,961 | 50,619 | 5725cf7938643c19005acd6b | generic | Israel is one of the world's technological leaders in water technology. In 2011, its water technology industry was worth around $2 billion a year with annual exports of products and services in the tens of millions of dollars. The ongoing shortage of water in the country has spurred innovation in water conservation tec... | How much is Israel's water technology industry worth? | {'text': '$2 billion a year', 'answer_start': 128} |
31,897 | 31,555 | 5a8366bbe60761001a2eb66e | generic | Copper occurs naturally as native copper and was known to some of the oldest civilizations on record. It has a history of use that is at least 10,000 years old, and estimates of its discovery place it at 9000 BC in the Middle East; a copper pendant was found in northern Iraq that dates to 8700 BC. There is evidence tha... | What area is the only recorded use of copper? | {'text': 'Middle East', 'answer_start': 219} |
116,572 | 116,230 | 573072ae396df91900096114 | generic | Interpreters have sometimes played crucial roles in history. A prime example is La Malinche, also known as Malintzin, Malinalli and Doña Marina, an early-16th-century Nahua woman from the Mexican Gulf Coast. As a child she had been sold or given to Maya slave-traders from Xicalango, and thus had become bilingual. Subse... | Where were the slave-traders La Malinche was sold or given to from? | {'text': 'Xicalango', 'answer_start': 273} |
89,081 | 88,739 | 5a85e99bb4e223001a8e72d9 | generic | In September 2009, a U.S. Drone strike reportedly killed Ilyas Kashmiri, who was the chief of Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami, a Kashmiri militant group associated with Al-Qaeda. Kashmiri was described by Bruce Riedel as a 'prominent' Al-Qaeda member, while others described him as the head of military operations for Al-Qaeda... | When did terror groups call to end the jihad in Kashmir? | {'text': '8 July 2012', 'answer_start': 446} |
58,608 | 58,266 | 5ad0c224645df0001a2d01f7 | generic | The first department store in the Philippines is the Hoskyn's Department Store of Hoskyn & Co. established in 1877 in Iloilo by the Englishman Henry Hoskyn, nephew of Nicholas Loney, the first British vice-consul in Iloilo. Some of the earliest department stores in the Philippines were located in Manila as early as 189... | When was the last department store in the Philippines opened? | {'text': '1877', 'answer_start': 110} |
54,238 | 53,896 | 5726e1be5951b619008f8147 | generic | In the last two weeks of February 1951, Operation Roundup was followed by Operation Killer, carried out by the revitalized Eighth Army. It was a full-scale, battlefront-length attack staged for maximum exploitation of firepower to kill as many KPA and PVA troops as possible. Operation Killer concluded with I Corps re-o... | What Operation was initiated after the successful Operation Roundup? | {'text': 'Operation Killer', 'answer_start': 74} |
112,056 | 111,714 | 572ff10db2c2fd140056861f | generic | At the inception of the Premier League in 1992–93, just eleven players named in the starting line-ups for the first round of matches hailed from outside of the United Kingdom or Ireland. By 2000–01, the number of foreign players participating in the Premier League was 36 per cent of the total. In the 2004–05 season the... | Which team in 1999 had a line-up for starting that was consisted of all foreign players? | {'text': 'On 26 December 1999, Chelsea became the first Premier League side to field an entirely foreign starting line-up,', 'answer_start': 358} |
89,678 | 89,336 | 5728d0114b864d1900164ea5 | generic | The Estonian Cultural Autonomy law that was passed in 1925 was unique in Europe at that time. Cultural autonomies could be granted to minorities numbering more than 3,000 people with longstanding ties to the Republic of Estonia. Before the Soviet occupation, the Germans and Jewish minorities managed to elect a cultural... | What groups of minorities could elect a cultural council before the Soviet occupation? | {'text': 'Germans and Jewish minorities', 'answer_start': 263} |
48,688 | 48,346 | 571d2dbf5efbb31900334ecb | generic | Depending on a number of considerations, a company may apply for and be granted a patent for the drug, or the process of producing the drug, granting exclusivity rights typically for about 20 years. However, only after rigorous study and testing, which takes 10 to 15 years on average, will governmental authorities gran... | What kind of drug is produced by competitors once a patent expires? | {'text': 'generic', 'answer_start': 578} |
79,563 | 79,221 | 5a5d501c5e8782001a9d5eb1 | generic | The Cork accent, part of the Southwest dialect of Hiberno-English, displays various features which set it apart from other accents in Ireland. Patterns of tone and intonation often rise and fall, with the overall tone tending to be more high-pitched than other Irish accents. English spoken in Cork has a number of diale... | What influences the exact vocabulary of a person from Cork? | {'text': 'the social-class of the speaker', 'answer_start': 621} |
7,016 | 6,674 | 56d5d7fa1c85041400946e26 | generic | Neutering reduces problems caused by hypersexuality, especially in male dogs. Spayed female dogs are less likely to develop some forms of cancer, affecting mammary glands, ovaries, and other reproductive organs. However, neutering increases the risk of urinary incontinence in female dogs, and prostate cancer in males, ... | According to the text, what is a possible side effect of neutering a female dog? | {'text': 'urinary incontinence', 'answer_start': 253} |
46,154 | 45,812 | 571111f8a58dae1900cd6bc6 | generic | The game pad controllers were more-or-less copied directly from the Game & Watch machines, although the Famicom design team originally wanted to use arcade-style joysticks, even taking apart ones from American game consoles to see how they worked. However, it was eventually decided that children might step on joysticks... | Why were the controllers hard-wired to the console with no connectors? | {'text': 'cost reasons', 'answer_start': 728} |
48,766 | 48,424 | 571aa02b10f8ca14003051de | generic | Following the death of Husayn, Ibn al-Zubayr, although remaining in Mecca, was associated with two opposition movements, one centered in Medina and the other around Kharijites in Basra and Arabia. Because Medina had been home to Muhammad and his family, including Husayn, word of his death and the imprisonment of his fa... | Where is the Kaaba located? | {'text': 'Mecca', 'answer_start': 637} |
45,409 | 45,067 | 5ad3f96e604f3c001a3ffac6 | generic | The moratorium ended on January 17, 1977 with the shooting of Gary Gilmore by firing squad in Utah. The first use of the electric chair after the moratorium was the electrocution of John Spenkelink in Florida on May 25, 1979. The first use of the gas chamber after the moratorium was the gassing of Jesse Bishop in Nevad... | In what state did Jesse Bishop's freedom ruling occur? | {'text': 'Nevada', 'answer_start': 315} |
73,463 | 73,121 | 5ad418c5604f3c001a40041d | generic | Some commentators have defined reverse discrimination as a policy or practice in which members of a majority are discriminated against in favor of a historically disadvantaged group or minority.[non-primary source needed] Many argue that reverse discrimination results from affirmative action policies and that these pol... | What is a definition of discrimination? | {'text': 'policy or practice in which members of a majority are discriminated against in favor of a historically disadvantaged group or minority', 'answer_start': 59} |
37,713 | 37,371 | 570b9fa36b8089140040f9c1 | generic | The sensitivity of Earth-based infrared telescopes is significantly limited by water vapor in the atmosphere, which absorbs a portion of the infrared radiation arriving from space outside of selected atmospheric windows. This limitation can be partially alleviated by placing the telescope observatory at a high altitude... | To somewhat avoid the water vapor in the atmosphere, where can an observatory be sited? | {'text': 'at a high altitude', 'answer_start': 302} |
15,649 | 15,307 | 56e079df231d4119001ac1a0 | generic | Saint Helena is one of the most remote islands in the world, has one commercial airport under construction, and travel to the island is by ship only. A large military airfield is located on Ascension Island, with two Friday flights to RAF Brize Norton, England (as from September 2010). These RAF flights offer a limited... | What is the only method of travel currently available to Saint Helena? | {'text': 'ship', 'answer_start': 139} |
12,237 | 11,895 | 56de7016cffd8e1900b4b8c8 | generic | According to Titus 3:10 a divisive person should be warned two times before separating from him. The Greek for the phrase "divisive person" became a technical term in the early Church for a type of "heretic" who promoted dissension. In contrast correct teaching is called sound not only because it builds up in the faith... | What word is used when speaking of correct teachings in contrast to a false teacher? | {'text': 'sound', 'answer_start': 272} |
104,350 | 104,008 | 5a773cbb2d6d7f001a4a9f6d | generic | In the 2000s, more Venezuelans opposing the economic and political policies of president Hugo Chávez migrated to the United States (mostly to Florida, but New York City and Houston are other destinations). The largest concentration of Venezuelans in the United States is in South Florida, especially the suburbs of Doral... | What areas of America did the Chavez settle in? | {'text': 'mostly to Florida, but New York City and Houston are other destinations). The largest concentration of Venezuelans in the United States is in South Florida,', 'answer_start': 132} |
93,814 | 93,472 | 57292d756aef051400154b44 | generic | The "photoelectrons" emitted as a result of the photoelectric effect have a certain kinetic energy, which can be measured. This kinetic energy (for each photoelectron) is independent of the intensity of the light, but depends linearly on the frequency; and if the frequency is too low (corresponding to a photon energy t... | What happens if the photoelectron's frequency is too low? | {'text': 'no photoelectrons are emitted at all', 'answer_start': 373} |
74,763 | 74,421 | 572768c8dd62a815002e9c63 | generic | Carnival was introduced by Portuguese settlers. The celebration is celebrated on each of the archipelago's nine inhabited islands. In Mindelo, São Vicente groups challenge each other for a yearly prize. It has imported various Brazilian carnival traditions. The celebration in SãoNicolau is more traditional, where estab... | How many of the inhabited islands is Carnival celebrated on? | {'text': 'nine', 'answer_start': 107} |
71,121 | 70,779 | 5726e95b708984140094d59a | generic | To promote culture Utrecht city organizes cultural Sundays. During a thematic Sunday several organisations create a program, which is open to everyone without, or with a very much reduced, admission fee. There are also initiatives for amateur artists. The city subsidises an organisation for amateur education in arts ai... | What type of coupon does the city provide the poor | {'text': 'The city council provides coupons for discounts to inhabitants who receive welfare to be used with many of the initiatives.', 'answer_start': 487} |
56,071 | 55,729 | 5726cb65dd62a815002e9072 | generic | Min Nan texts, all Hokkien, can be dated back to the 16th century. One example is the Doctrina Christiana en letra y lengua china, presumably written after 1587 by the Spanish Dominicans in the Philippines. Another is a Ming Dynasty script of a play called Romance of the Lychee Mirror (1566), supposedly the earliest So... | When can Min Nan texts be dated back to? | {'text': 'the 16th century', 'answer_start': 49} |
71,126 | 70,784 | 5726ea77f1498d1400e8efc4 | generic | Utrecht is home to the premier league (professional) football club FC Utrecht, which plays in Stadium Nieuw Galgenwaard. It is also the home of Kampong, the largest (amateur) sportsclub in the Netherlands (4,500 members), SV Kampong. Kampong features fieldhockey, soccer, cricket, tennis, squash and jeu de boules. Kampo... | What football team is Utrecht home to | {'text': 'Utrecht is home to the premier league (professional) football club FC Utrecht', 'answer_start': 0} |
56,378 | 56,036 | 572640b938643c19005ad387 | generic | The system was later extended to cover larger ranges and some of its practical shortcomings were addressed by the Austrian scientist Josef Maria Eder (1855–1944) and Flemish-born botanist Walter Hecht (de) (1896–1960), (who, in 1919/1920, jointly developed their Eder–Hecht neutral wedge sensitometer measuring emulsion ... | What eliminated comparability? | {'text': 'modified semi-Scheiner-based systems', 'answer_start': 512} |
99,532 | 99,190 | 572b3335be1ee31400cb829a | generic | In the 12th century CE the Andalusian Muslim philosopher and novelist Abu Bakr Ibn Tufail (known as "Abubacer" or "Ebn Tophail" in the West) included the theory of tabula rasa as a thought experiment in his Arabic philosophical novel, Hayy ibn Yaqdhan in which he depicted the development of the mind of a feral child "f... | What was Ibn Tufail's ethnicity? | {'text': 'Andalusian', 'answer_start': 27} |
84,227 | 83,885 | 5727f67d3acd2414000df0f2 | generic | On 11 October 1951, the Wafd government abrogated the 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty, which had given the British control over the Suez Canal until 1956. The popularity of this move, as well as that of government-sponsored guerrilla attacks against the British, put pressure on Nasser to act. According to Sadat, Nasser deci... | What was general Amer's political affiliation? | {'text': 'royalist', 'answer_start': 433} |
121,534 | 121,192 | 57318829497a881900248fc9 | generic | An important idea in the definition of a university is the notion of academic freedom. The first documentary evidence of this comes from early in the life of the first university. The University of Bologna adopted an academic charter, the Constitutio Habita, in 1158 or 1155, which guaranteed the right of a traveling sc... | In terms of academics what is a core requirement of a university? | {'text': 'academic freedom', 'answer_start': 69} |
111,645 | 111,303 | 5ad0bf6e645df0001a2d01a0 | generic | Despite significant European success during the 1970s and early 1980s, the late '80s had marked a low point for English football. Stadiums were crumbling, supporters endured poor facilities, hooliganism was rife, and English clubs were banned from European competition for five years following the Heysel Stadium disaste... | In which decade was the high point for English football? | {'text': '80s', 'answer_start': 81} |
46,101 | 45,759 | 5710faaeb654c5140001fa61 | generic | One of the primary elements of the culture of the Enlightenment was the rise of the public sphere, a "realm of communication marked by new arenas of debate, more open and accessible forms of urban public space and sociability, and an explosion of print culture," in the late 17th century and 18th century. Elements of th... | The values of the bourgeois public sphere included holding reason to the supreme, considering everything open to criticism, and the opposition of what? | {'text': 'secrecy of all sorts', 'answer_start': 880} |
97,102 | 96,760 | 572a3d3a1d04691400779877 | generic | However, asymmetry of causation can be observed in a non-arbitrary way which is not metaphysical in the case of a human hand dropping a cup of water which smashes into fragments on a hard floor, spilling the liquid. In this order, the causes of the resultant pattern of cup fragments and water spill is easily attributab... | Asymmetry is attributable to a relation of what kind of direction? | {'text': 'temporal', 'answer_start': 1373} |
14,743 | 14,401 | 56dfe0127aa994140058e1fa | generic | The first beer pump known in England is believed to have been invented by John Lofting (b. Netherlands 1659-d. Great Marlow Buckinghamshire 1742) an inventor, manufacturer and merchant of London. | In what city was the beer pump invented? | {'text': 'London', 'answer_start': 188} |
8,244 | 7,902 | 56dce5b69a695914005b9469 | generic | Following the revision of the French constitution that established the Fifth Republic in 1958, the AEF dissolved into its constituent parts, each of which became an autonomous colony within the French Community. During these reforms, Middle Congo became known as the Republic of the Congo in 1958 and published its first... | What was disbanded in 1958? | {'text': 'the AEF', 'answer_start': 95} |
107,507 | 107,165 | 572f4433b2c2fd1400567faa | generic | During the Gilded Age, there was substantial growth in population in the United States and extravagant displays of wealth and excess of America's upper-class during the post-Civil War and post-Reconstruction era, in the late 19th century. The wealth polarization derived primarily from industrial and population expansio... | In what time period did the Glided Age occur? | {'text': 'late 19th century', 'answer_start': 220} |
16,237 | 15,895 | 56e0eb947aa994140058e7c4 | generic | By 1959, American observers believed that the Soviet Union would be the first to get a human into space, because of the time needed to prepare for Mercury's first launch. On April 12, 1961, the USSR surprised the world again by launching Yuri Gagarin into a single orbit around the Earth in a craft they called Vostok 1.... | The first ship to carry a human through space was called what? | {'text': 'Vostok 1', 'answer_start': 311} |
104,859 | 104,517 | 57304d34069b531400832023 | generic | The Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston Office of Education also operates out of the city and oversees several K-8 parochial schools, such as Blessed Sacrament School, Christ Our King School, Charleston Catholic School, Nativity School, and Divine Redeemer School, all of which are "feeder" schools into Bishop England ... | Some of the oldest private schools in Charleston date back how long? | {'text': '150 years', 'answer_start': 550} |
129,670 | 129,328 | 5ace58a832bba1001ae4a356 | generic | Even as animal domestication became relatively widespread and after the development of agriculture, hunting was usually a significant contributor to the human food supply. The supplementary meat and materials from hunting included protein, bone for implements, sinew for cordage, fur, feathers, rawhide and leather used ... | What would the Inuit women sometimes use to make jewelry? | {'text': 'bone', 'answer_start': 240} |
80,909 | 80,567 | 5727bd0e2ca10214002d9515 | generic | Detroit, like many places in the United States, developed racial conflict and discrimination in the 20th century following rapid demographic changes as hundreds of thousands of new workers were attracted to the industrial city; in a short period it became the 4th-largest city in the nation. The Great Migration brought ... | How many people of The Black Legion were convicted of crimes? | {'text': '49', 'answer_start': 1217} |
12,145 | 11,803 | 56df785856340a1900b29bf0 | generic | Plymouth is an important centre for watersports, especially scuba diving and sailing. The Port of Plymouth Regatta is one of the oldest regattas in the world, and has been held regularly since 1823. In September 2011, Plymouth hosted the America's Cup World Series for nine days. | For how many days did the America's Cup World Series take place in Plymouth? | {'text': 'nine', 'answer_start': 269} |
159 | 159 | 138448 | pubqa | At the end of July 2006, an unusually high number of patients with acute diarrhoea were reported by the accident and emergency departments in Taranto, Apulia. Subsequently, a field investigation was conducted jointly by the Apulia Regional Epidemiological Observatory and the Regional Reference Laboratory in Bari, and... | What type of samples were analyzed?
| {'answer_id': 274445, 'document_id': 445595, 'question_id': 138448, 'text': 'stool samples', 'answer_start': 1236, 'answer_category': 'SHORT'} |
25,235 | 24,893 | 56f8c6b29b226e1400dd0f95 | generic | According to Mendelian inheritance, variations in an organism's phenotype (observable physical and behavioral characteristics) are due in part to variations in its genotype (particular set of genes). Each gene specifies a particular trait with different sequence of a gene (alleles) giving rise to different phenotypes. ... | According to Mendelian inheritance, what is part of the cause of variations in an organism's phenotype? | {'text': 'variations in its genotype', 'answer_start': 146} |
124,467 | 124,125 | 573245eeb9d445190005e971 | generic | Each congregation has a body of appointed unpaid male elders and ministerial servants. Elders maintain general responsibility for congregational governance, setting meeting times, selecting speakers and conducting meetings, directing the public preaching work, and creating "judicial committees" to investigate and decid... | What does each congregation have? | {'text': 'a body of appointed unpaid male elders', 'answer_start': 22} |
1,589 | 1,247 | 56d372e959d6e41400146404 | generic | In London Chopin took lodgings at Dover Street, where the firm of Broadwood provided him with a grand piano. At his first engagement, on 15 May at Stafford House, the audience included Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. The Prince, who was himself a talented musician, moved close to the keyboard to view Chopin's techniq... | In addition to hearing him play, what else did people seek from Chopin in London? | {'text': 'piano lessons', 'answer_start': 463} |
120,263 | 119,921 | 573120b505b4da19006bcdda | generic | The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the descendants of the pre-Columbian inhabitants of the Americas. Pueblos indígenas (indigenous peoples) is a common term in Spanish-speaking countries. Aborigen (aboriginal/native) is used in Argentina, whereas "Amerindian" is used in Quebec, The Guianas, and the English-spea... | How are the indigenous people most commonly referred to by citizens of the U.S.? | {'text': 'Native Americans', 'answer_start': 524} |
89,571 | 89,229 | 5728b8064b864d1900164cbb | generic | Estonia is a parliamentary representative democratic republic in which the Prime Minister of Estonia is the head of government and which includes a multi-party system. The political culture is stable in Estonia, where power is held between two and three parties that have been in politics for a long time. This situation... | What political structure aids the Prime Minister? | {'text': 'a multi-party system', 'answer_start': 146} |
80,905 | 80,563 | 5727bc0aff5b5019007d93c3 | generic | With the rapid growth of industrial workers in the auto factories, labor unions such as the American Federation of Labor and the United Auto Workers fought to organize workers to gain them better working conditions and wages. They initiated strikes and other tactics in support of improvements such as the 8-hour day/40-... | Who was the labor leader of the Autoworkers? | {'text': 'Walter Reuther', 'answer_start': 531} |
121,929 | 121,587 | 5731b0b30fdd8d15006c645d | generic | Chthonic gods such as Dis pater, the di inferi ("gods below"), and the collective shades of the departed (di Manes) were given dark, fertile victims in nighttime rituals. Animal sacrifice usually took the form of a holocaust or burnt offering, and there was no shared banquet, as "the living cannot share a meal with the... | How was the sacrifice to the gods below handled? | {'text': 'burnt offering', 'answer_start': 228} |
38,333 | 37,991 | 570c0099ec8fbc190045bc0c | generic | Unfortunately, requiring two characters to mark the end of a line introduces unnecessary complexity and questions as to how to interpret each character when encountered alone. To simplify matters plain text data streams, including files, on Multics used line feed (LF) alone as a line terminator. Unix and Unix-like syst... | Who adopted this practice from Multics? | {'text': 'Unix and Unix-like systems, and Amiga systems', 'answer_start': 297} |
88,607 | 88,265 | 5a3c6b53cc5d22001a521da6 | generic | Monotheists hold that there is only one god, and may claim that the one true god is worshiped in different religions under different names. The view that all theists actually worship the same god, whether they know it or not, is especially emphasized in Hinduism and Sikhism. In Christianity, the doctrine of the Trinity... | What are Christians not expected to do, since they are iconodules? | {'text': 'to visualize God', 'answer_start': 969} |
7,190 | 6,848 | 56d631b61c85041400946fd8 | generic | Citing a 2008 study, the U.S. Center for Disease Control estimated in 2015 that 4.5 million people in the USA are bitten by dogs each year. A 2015 study estimated that 1.8% of the U.S. population is bitten each year. In the 1980s and 1990s the US averaged 17 fatalities per year, while in the 2000s this has increased to... | In the 2000s, how many people died every year because of dog bites? | {'text': '26', 'answer_start': 321} |
16,566 | 16,224 | 56e0f2db231d4119001ac4c3 | generic | In-mid 2015, China started the build-up of the third generation BeiDou system (BDS-3) in the global coverage constellation. The first BDS-3 satellite was launched 30 September 2015. As of March 2016, 4 BDS-3 in-orbit validation satellites have been launched. | How many BDS-3 satellites have been launched? | {'text': '4', 'answer_start': 200} |
76,112 | 75,770 | 5727ccc72ca10214002d96aa | generic | Scientific readers were already aware of arguments that species changed through processes that were subject to laws of nature, but the transmutational ideas of Lamarck and the vague "law of development" of Vestiges had not found scientific favour. Darwin presented natural selection as a scientifically testable mechanis... | Which school did opponents to Darwin's method support? | {'text': "the idealist school of William Whewell's Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences", 'answer_start': 780} |
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