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In Alghero, the IEC has adapted its standard to the Alguerese dialect. In this standard one can find, among other features: the definite article lo instead of el, special possessive pronouns and determinants la mia ('mine'), lo sou/la sua ('his/her'), lo tou/la tua ('yours'), and so on, the use of -v- /v/ in the imperf...
What definite article is found rather than el?
{'text': 'lo', 'answer_start': 145}
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John Keate, Head Master from 1809 to 1834, took over at a time when discipline was poor. Anthony Chenevix-Trench, Head Master from 1964 to 1970, abolished the birch and replaced it with caning, also applied to the bare posterior, which he administered privately in his office. Chenevix-Trench also abolished corporal pun...
Why was a subject ordered to appear to Pop-Tanning in old trousers?
{'text': 'the caning would cut the cloth to shreds', 'answer_start': 951}
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Executive power is vested, with exceptions and qualifications, in the President. By law (Section 2.) the president becomes the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, Militia of several states when called into service, has power to make treaties and appointments to office "with the Advice and Consent of the Senate," r...
What is a Congressional means of removing presidential appointees?
{'text': 'impeachment', 'answer_start': 784}
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During the revival, in 1809 linguist and historian Josef Dobrovský released a German-language grammar of Old Czech entitled Ausführliches Lehrgebäude der böhmischen Sprache (Comprehensive Doctrine of the Bohemian Language). Dobrovský had intended his book to be descriptive, and did not think Czech had a realistic chanc...
What was the title of the book released by Josef Jungmann?
{'text': 'Ausführliches Lehrgebäude der böhmischen Sprache (Comprehensive Doctrine of the Bohemian Language)', 'answer_start': 124}
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On April 1, 2008, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco on April 9. The resolution would welcome the torch with "alarm and protest at the failure of China to meet its past solemn promises to the international...
What date was the protest which was led by Gere and Tutu?
{'text': 'April 8', 'answer_start': 461}
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In a channel transupport system, several proteins form a contiguous channel traversing the inner and outer membranes of the bacteria. It is a simple system, which consists of only three protein subunits: the ABC protein, membrane fusion protein (MFP), and outer membrane protein (OMP)[specify]. This secretion system tra...
What does this secretion system transport?
{'text': 'various molecules, from ions, drugs, to proteins of various sizes', 'answer_start': 328}
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The idea of Masonic brotherhood probably descends from a 16th-century legal definition of a brother as one who has taken an oath of mutual support to another. Accordingly, Masons swear at each degree to keep the contents of that degree secret, and to support and protect their brethren unless they have broken the law. I...
How are oaths taken?
{'text': 'on a Volume of Sacred Law', 'answer_start': 366}
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Saint Barthélemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of 25 square kilometres (9.7 sq mi) and a population of 9,035 (Jan. 2011 estimate). Its capital is Gustavia[citation needed], which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony f...
What is the population of St. Barts?
{'text': '9,035', 'answer_start': 138}
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The Lacey Act of 1900 was the first federal law that regulated commercial animal markets. It prohibited interstate commerce of animals killed in violation of state game laws, and covered all fish and wildlife and their parts or products, as well as plants. Other legislation followed, including the Migratory Bird Conser...
What was the first federal treaty?
{'text': 'the Migratory Bird Conservation Act', 'answer_start': 295}
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Specific concerns include a compounded inability for the Air Force to replace its aging fleet, and an overall reduction of strength and readiness. The USAF attempted to make these adjustments by primarily cutting the Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve aircraft fleets and their associated manpower, but Congress re...
How did the USAF try to make these adjustments to help with strength and readiness of its fleet?
{'text': 'cutting the Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve aircraft fleets', 'answer_start': 205}
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Carnival is known as Crop Over and is Barbados's biggest festival. Its early beginnings were on the sugar cane plantations during the colonial period. Crop over began in 1688, and featured singing, dancing and accompaniment by shak-shak, banjo, triangle, fiddle, guitar, bottles filled with water and bones. Other tradit...
Where did the festival in Barbados originate from?
{'text': 'sugar cane plantations', 'answer_start': 100}
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In October 2015, TCM announced the launch of the TCM Wineclub, in which they teamed up with Laithwaite to provide a line of mail-order wines from famous vineyards such as famed writer-director-producer Francis Ford Coppola's winery. Wines are available in 3 month subscriptions, and can be selected as reds, whites, or a...
The winery of what notable director provided wines for TCM Wineclub?
{'text': 'Francis Ford Coppola', 'answer_start': 202}
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In the United States, macabre-rock pioneer Alice Cooper achieved mainstream success with the top ten album School's Out (1972). In the following year blues rockers ZZ Top released their classic album Tres Hombres and Aerosmith produced their eponymous début, as did Southern rockers Lynyrd Skynyrd and proto-punk outfit ...
Who was the first British rock band to Challenge the American dominance of the hard rock genre?
{'text': 'Montrose', 'answer_start': 401}
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During the celebration, theaters called tablados are built in many places throughout the cities, especially in Montevideo. Traditionally formed by men and now starting to be open to women, the different Carnival groups (Murgas, Lubolos or Parodistas) perform a kind of popular opera at the tablados, singing and dancing ...
What type of rhythmic figures are performed by the drummers playing the tamboril?
{'text': 'candombe', 'answer_start': 466}
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Many more of the control codes have been given meanings quite different from their original ones. The "escape" character (ESC, code 27), for example, was intended originally to allow sending other control characters as literals instead of invoking their meaning. This is the same meaning of "escape" encountered in URL e...
What was the "escape" character originally intended for?
{'text': 'to allow sending other control characters as literals instead of invoking their meaning', 'answer_start': 174}
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According to the 2010 Census, whites made up 51% of Houston's population; 26% of the total population were non-Hispanic whites. Blacks or African Americans made up 25% of Houston's population. American Indians made up 0.7% of the population. Asians made up 6% (1.7% Vietnamese, 1.3% Chinese, 1.3% Indian, 0.9% Pakistani,...
What percentage of Houston's population is African-American?
{'text': '25%', 'answer_start': 164}
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All the electromagnetic motors, and that includes the types mentioned here derive the torque from the vector product of the interacting fields. For calculating the torque it is necessary to know the fields in the air gap . Once these have been established by mathematical analysis using FEA or other tools the torque may...
How is torque undetermined?
{'text': 'vector product of the interacting fields', 'answer_start': 102}
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According to statistics collected by the Association of Religion Data Archives from 2010, about 34% of Alaska residents were members of religious congregations. 100,960 people identified as Evangelical Protestants, 50,866 as Roman Catholic, and 32,550 as mainline Protestants. Roughly 4% are Mormon, 0.5% are Jewish, 1% ...
How does Alaska compare with other states in church membership?
{'text': 'least religious states of the USA', 'answer_start': 780}
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In the U.S., a push for revisions of the FD&C Act emerged from Congressional hearings led by Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee in 1959. The hearings covered a wide range of policy issues, including advertising abuses, questionable efficacy of drugs, and the need for greater regulation of the industry. While momentum ...
What act needed provisions?
{'text': 'FD&C', 'answer_start': 41}
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An example of this theory in action would be as follows: An emotion-evoking stimulus (snake) triggers a pattern of physiological response (increased heart rate, faster breathing, etc.), which is interpreted as a particular emotion (fear). This theory is supported by experiments in which by manipulating the bodily state...
In the James-Lange theory, what doesn't cause emotions?
{'text': 'bodily states', 'answer_start': 566}
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The games are in the form of .ipg files, which are actually .zip archives in disguise[citation needed]. When unzipped, they reveal executable files along with common audio and image files, leading to the possibility of third party games. Apple has not publicly released a software development kit (SDK) for iPod-specific...
What file format is being covered up by the use of ipg files?
{'text': '.zip', 'answer_start': 60}
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The Crusades brought a shift in European trade routes that accelerated the decline of Kievan Rus'. In 1204 the forces of the Fourth Crusade sacked Constantinople, making the Dnieper trade route marginal. At the same time the Teutonic Knights (of the Northern Crusades) were conquering the Baltic region and threatening t...
What group was attacking the the Baltic Region in 1204?
{'text': 'Teutonic Knights', 'answer_start': 225}
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In some languages, including old Chinese, Thai, old Japanese, and Vietnamese, the same word can mean either blue or green. The Chinese character 青 (pronounced qīng in Mandarin, ao in Japanese, and thanh in Sino-Vietnamese) has a meaning that covers both blue and green; blue and green are traditionally considered shades...
What does Ian mean in reference to trees?
{'text': 'to be in leaf, to flourish', 'answer_start': 578}
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In practical terms, a computer program may be just a few instructions or extend to many millions of instructions, as do the programs for word processors and web browsers for example. A typical modern computer can execute billions of instructions per second (gigaflops) and rarely makes a mistake over many years of opera...
Billions of instructions per second are called what in computer terms?
{'text': '(gigaflops)', 'answer_start': 257}
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In Armenia Russian has no official status, but it's recognised as a minority language under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 15,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 1 million active speakers. 30% of the popu...
What percent of Armenia speaks Russian?
{'text': '30%', 'answer_start': 305}
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Albert the Great wrote that wisdom and understanding enhance one's faith in God. According to him, these are the tools that God uses to commune with a contemplative. Love in the soul is both the cause and result of true understanding and judgement. It causes not only an intellectual knowledge of God, but a spiritual an...
What is not the cause or result of true understanding and judgment?
{'text': 'Love in the soul', 'answer_start': 166}
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^10 Sub-groups of Slovenes include Prekmurians, Hungarian Slovenes, Carinthian Slovenes, Venetian Slovenes, Resians, and the extinct Carantanians and Somogy Slovenes.
What sub-groups of Slovenes are extinct?
{'text': 'Carantanians and Somogy Slovenes', 'answer_start': 133}
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There are many notable contributors to the field of Chinese science throughout the ages. One of the best examples would be Shen Kuo (1031–1095), a polymath scientist and statesman who was the first to describe the magnetic-needle compass used for navigation, discovered the concept of true north, improved the design of ...
What did silt and marine fossils teach Shen Kuo?
{'text': 'geomorphology', 'answer_start': 651}
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Glass remained a luxury material, and the disasters that overtook Late Bronze Age civilizations seem to have brought glass-making to a halt. Indigenous development of glass technology in South Asia may have begun in 1730 BCE. In ancient China, though, glassmaking seems to have a late start, compared to ceramics and met...
In what year did glassmaking begin in Germany?
{'text': '1730 BCE', 'answer_start': 216}
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Not all traditions of Buddhism share the same philosophical outlook, or treat the same concepts as central. Each tradition, however, does have its own core concepts, and some comparisons can be drawn between them. For example, according to one Buddhist ecumenical organization,[web 23] several concepts common to both ma...
Each tradition has its own core what?
{'text': 'concepts', 'answer_start': 87}
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Orthodox Judaism holds that the words of the Torah, including both the Written Law (Pentateuch) and those parts of the Oral Law which are "halacha leMoshe m'Sinai", were dictated by God to Moses essentially as they exist today. The laws contained in the Written Torah were given along with detailed explanations as how t...
Which single part of the Law do Orthodox Jews hold to be dictated by God?
{'text': 'Written Law', 'answer_start': 71}
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Early house music was generally dance-based music characterized by repetitive 4/4 beats, rhythms mainly provided by drum machines, off-beat hi-hat cymbals, and synthesized basslines. While house displayed several characteristics similar to disco music, it was more electronic and minimalistic, and the repetitive rhythm ...
What are some differences between House and Disco music?
{'text': 'it was more electronic and minimalistic', 'answer_start': 253}
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In addition, Hegel does believe we can know the structure of God's mind, or ultimate reality. Hegel agrees with Kierkegaard that both reality and humans are incomplete, inasmuch as we are in time, and reality develops through time. But the relation between time and eternity is outside time and this is the "logical stru...
Along with Hegel, who also argued for human incompleteness?
{'text': 'Kierkegaard', 'answer_start': 112}
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During the first half of the 1920s, engineers at Western Electric, as well as independent inventors such as Orlando Marsh, developed technology for capturing sound with a microphone, amplifying it with vacuum tubes, then using the amplified signal to drive an electromagnetic recording head. Western Electric's innovatio...
How could the sounds produced by Western Electric be described?
{'text': 'fuller, clearer and more natural', 'answer_start': 412}
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Many US and European jewellery companies, including Bulgari, Tiffany, and Cartier, refuse to import these stones based on reports of deplorable working conditions in the mines. Human Rights Watch has encouraged a complete ban on the purchase of Burmese gems based on these reports and because nearly all profits go to th...
Why is Burma experiencing this problem with the gems industry ?
{'text': 'reports of deplorable working conditions in the mines.', 'answer_start': 122}
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The German higher education system comprises two forms of academic institutions: universities and polytechnics (Fachhochschule). The University of Jena is the biggest amongst Thuringia's four universities and offers nearly every discipline. It was founded in 1558, and today has 21,000 students. The second-largest is th...
What is Germany's unknown art school in Thuringia?
{'text': 'The Bauhaus University Weimar', 'answer_start': 588}
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Educational attainment: In 2000, according to the U.S. Census, out of the nearly 800,000 people in the Bronx who were then at least 25 years old, 62.3% had graduated from high school and 14.6% held a bachelor's or higher college degree. These percentages were lower than those for New York's other boroughs, which ranged...
What percent of the Bronx population has a university degree, as of 2000?
{'text': '14.6%', 'answer_start': 187}
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The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (1986) has a section on the "Statutory registration of architects" with a bibliography extending from a draft bill of 1887 to one of 1969. The Guide's section on "Education" records the setting up in 1904 of the RIBA Board of Architectural Education, and the system by which any...
What was necessary for testing in schools applying to the RIBA Board?
{'text': 'an approved external examiner', 'answer_start': 441}
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The northeastern Puntland region has around six private radio stations, including Radio Garowe, Radio Daljir, Radio Codka-Nabbada and Radio Codka-Mudug. Radio Gaalkacyo, formerly known as Radio Free Somalia, operates from Galkayo in the north-central Mudug province. Additionally, the Somaliland region in the northwest ...
When did Radio Gaalkacyo receive its new name?
{'text': 'formerly known as Radio Free Somalia', 'answer_start': 170}
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Conflict with Arius and Arianism as well as successive Roman emperors shaped Athanasius's career. In 325, at the age of 27, Athanasius began his leading role against the Arians as his bishop's assistant during the First Council of Nicaea. Roman emperor Constantine the Great had convened the council in May–August 325 to...
Athanasius was also known as what?
{'text': 'Athanasius Contra Mundum', 'answer_start': 764}
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General-in-Chief He Jin (d. 189 AD), half-brother to Empress He (d. 189 AD), plotted with Yuan Shao (d. 202 AD) to overthrow the eunuchs by having several generals march to the outskirts of the capital. There, in a written petition to Empress He, they demanded the eunuchs' execution. After a period of hesitation, Empre...
Who negated the execution order on the eunuchs?
{'text': 'He Miao', 'answer_start': 401}
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Vacuum is useful in a variety of processes and devices. Its first widespread use was in the incandescent light bulb to protect the filament from chemical degradation. The chemical inertness produced by a vacuum is also useful for electron beam welding, cold welding, vacuum packing and vacuum frying. Ultra-high vacuum i...
What are lightbulbs used to study?
{'text': 'atomically clean substrates', 'answer_start': 343}
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Yale seniors at graduation smash clay pipes underfoot to symbolize passage from their "bright college years," though in recent history the pipes have been replaced with "bubble pipes". ("Bright College Years," the University's alma mater, was penned in 1881 by Henry Durand, Class of 1881, to the tune of Die Wacht am Rh...
What do they destroy now instead of clay pipes?
{'text': 'bubble pipes', 'answer_start': 170}
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When it comes to civil and criminal cases, the Bundesgerichtshof is at the top of the hierarchy of courts. The other branches of the German judicial system each have their own appellate systems, each topped by a high court; these are the Bundessozialgericht for matters of social security, the Bundesarbeitsgericht for e...
What court has supremacy for matters of social security?
{'text': 'Bundessozialgericht', 'answer_start': 238}
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The following is a comparison of Chinese characters in the Standard Form of National Characters, a common traditional Chinese standard used in Taiwan, the Table of General Standard Chinese Characters, the standard for Mainland Chinese simplified Chinese characters, and the jōyō kanji, the standard for Japanese kanji. G...
What are also known as "traditional"?
{'text': 'characters in the Hong Kong standard and the Kangxi Dictionary', 'answer_start': 637}
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The Vedānta school built upon the teachings of the Upanishads and Brahma Sutras from the first millennium BCE and is the most developed and well-known of the Hindu schools. The epistemology of the Vedantins included, depending on the sub-school, five or six methods as proper and reliable means of gaining any form of kn...
On what was dependent for the choice of methods in gaining knowledge?
{'text': 'sub-school', 'answer_start': 234}
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There is controversy around the recognition of the Alsacian flag. The authentic historical flag is the Rot-un-Wiss ; Red and White are commonly found on the coat of arms of Alsacian cities (Strasbourg, Mulhouse, Sélestat...) and of many Swiss cites, especially in Basel's region. The German region Hesse uses a flag simi...
The Union Jack flag represented the union of what two departments?
{'text': '(Strasbourg, Mulhouse', 'answer_start': 189}
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At the end of May 1942, Eisenhower accompanied Lt. Gen. Henry H. Arnold, commanding general of the Army Air Forces, to London to assess the effectiveness of the theater commander in England, Maj. Gen. James E. Chaney. He returned to Washington on June 3 with a pessimistic assessment, stating he had an "uneasy feeling" ...
As of May 1942, who commanded the Army Air Forces?
{'text': 'Henry H. Arnold', 'answer_start': 56}
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At various times, there have been cardinals who had only received first tonsure and minor orders but not yet been ordained as deacons or priests. Though clerics, they were inaccurately called "lay cardinals" and were permitted to marry. Teodolfo Mertel was among the last of the lay cardinals. When he died in 1899 he wa...
What year did Pope Benedict X revise the Code of Canon Law?
{'text': '1917', 'answer_start': 448}
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Perspectives on emotions from evolutionary theory were initiated in the late 19th century with Charles Darwin's book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. Darwin argued that emotions actually served a purpose for humans, in communication and also in aiding their survival. Darwin, therefore, argued that emo...
Along with survival, what did Darwin see as the role of emotions in humans?
{'text': 'communication', 'answer_start': 237}
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A few years after its foundation, Montevideo became the main city of the region north of the Río de la Plata and east of the Uruguay River, competing with Buenos Aires for dominance in maritime commerce. The importance of Montevideo as the main port of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata brought it in confrontations...
What were Buenos Aires and Montevideo fighting for dominance over?
{'text': 'maritime commerce', 'answer_start': 185}
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In 2003, additional UN sanctions were placed on Liberian timber exports, which had risen from US$5 million in 1997 to over US$100 million in 2002 and were believed to be funding rebels in Sierra Leone. These sanctions were lifted in 2006. Due in large part to foreign aid and investment inflow following the end of the w...
When was Liberia was granted observer status with the world trade organization>
{'text': '2010', 'answer_start': 471}
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The standard PlayStation 3 version of the XrossMediaBar (pronounced Cross Media Bar, or abbreviated XMB) includes nine categories of options. These are: Users, Settings, Photo, Music, Video, TV/Video Services, Game, Network, PlayStation Network and Friends (similar to the PlayStation Portable media bar). TheTV/Video Se...
When you start up your PS3, what's the first section of the PS Network you see?
{'text': "What's New", 'answer_start': 597}
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When the Xbox 360 was released, Microsoft's online gaming service Xbox Live was shut down for 24 hours and underwent a major upgrade, adding a basic non-subscription service called Xbox Live Silver (later renamed Xbox Live Free) to its already established premium subscription-based service (which was renamed Gold). Xbo...
What color is associated with Xbox Live Arcade?
{'text': 'Gold', 'answer_start': 310}
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Past problems with hydraulic elevators include underground electrolytic destruction of the cylinder and bulkhead, pipe failures, and control failures. Single bulkhead cylinders, typically built prior to a 1972 ASME A17.1 Elevator Safety Code change requiring a second dished bulkhead, were subject to possible catastroph...
Underground electrolytic malfunctions in hydraulic elevators can result in the destruction of what?
{'text': 'the cylinder and bulkhead', 'answer_start': 87}
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After Germany entered a Tripartite Pact with Japan and Italy, Ribbentrop wrote to Stalin, inviting Molotov to Berlin for negotiations aimed to create a 'continental bloc' of Germany, Italy, Japan and the USSR that would oppose Britain and the USA. Stalin sent Molotov to Berlin to negotiate the terms for the Soviet Unio...
Which Foreign Minister proposed that the Soviets should join this disagreement of axis powers?
{'text': 'Ribbentrop', 'answer_start': 62}
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In 2012, Madonna performed at Super Bowl XLVI halftime show, visualized by Cirque Du Soleil and Jamie King and featured special guests LMFAO, Nicki Minaj, M.I.A. and Cee Lo Green. It became the then most-watched Super Bowl halftime show in history with 114 million viewers, higher than the game itself. It was also revea...
How many viewers did the half-time show attract?
{'text': '114 million viewers', 'answer_start': 253}
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In March 1875, Bell and Pollok visited the famous scientist Joseph Henry, who was then director of the Smithsonian Institution, and asked Henry's advice on the electrical multi-reed apparatus that Bell hoped would transmit the human voice by telegraph. Henry replied that Bell had "the germ of a great invention". When B...
Who ran the Smithsonian in 1875?
{'text': 'Joseph Henry', 'answer_start': 60}
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A popular trend in this era was remixing dance music hits into adult contemporary ballads, especially in the US, (for example, the "Candlelight Mix" versions of "Heaven" by DJ Sammy, "Listen To Your Heart" by D.H.T., and "Everytime We Touch" by Cascada). Adult contemporary has long characterized itself as family-friend...
Who is known for the song "Everytime We Touch"?
{'text': 'Cascada', 'answer_start': 245}
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Another class of knights were granted land by the prince, allowing them the economic ability to serve the prince militarily. A Polish nobleman living at the time prior to the 15th century was referred to as a "rycerz", very roughly equivalent to the English "knight," the critical difference being the status of "rycerz"...
What people did the rycerstwo class represent?
{'text': 'wealthier families of Poland and itinerant knights from abroad seeking their fortunes', 'answer_start': 434}
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In 1943, at the age of 16, Elizabeth undertook her first solo public appearance on a visit to the Grenadier Guards, of which she had been appointed colonel the previous year. As she approached her 18th birthday, parliament changed the law so that she could act as one of five Counsellors of State in the event of her fat...
In what year was the Grenadier Guards started?
{'text': '1943', 'answer_start': 3}
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16,373
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The ranging signals are based on the CDMA principle and have complex structure typical of Galileo or modernized GPS. Similar to the other GNSS, there will be two levels of positioning service: open and restricted (military). The public service shall be available globally to general users. When all the currently planned...
The ranging signals have a simple structure and are based on which principle?
{'text': 'CDMA principle', 'answer_start': 37}
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101,770
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Many teachers at Sabha were Egyptian, and for the first time Gaddafi had access to pan-Arab newspapers and radio broadcasts, most notably the Cairo-based Voice of the Arabs. Growing up, Gaddafi witnessed significant events rock the Arab world, including the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, the Su...
What political ideology did Nasser implement?
{'text': 'transition from capitalism to socialism', 'answer_start': 656}
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95,002
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In 1954, major Serbian and Croatian writers, linguists and literary critics, backed by Matica srpska and Matica hrvatska signed the Novi Sad Agreement, which in its first conclusion stated: "Serbs, Croats and Montenegrins share a single language with two equal variants that have developed around Zagreb (western) and Be...
What did use of the latin alphabet insist upon?
{'text': 'equal status of Cyrillic and Latin scripts, and of Ekavian and Ijekavian pronunciations', 'answer_start': 369}
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78,589
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As the image of God grows within man, he learns to rely less on an intellectual pursuit of virtue and more on an affective pursuit of charity and meekness. Meekness and charity guide Christians to acknowledge that they are nothing without the One (God/Christ) who created them, sustains them, and guides them. Thus, man ...
What virtue guides Christians in their understanding of God?
{'text': 'Meekness', 'answer_start': 156}
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Despite Magellan's visit, Guam was not officially claimed by Spain until January 26, 1565 by General Miguel López de Legazpi.:46 From 1565 to 1815, Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands, the only Spanish outpost in the Pacific Ocean east of the Philippines, was an important resting stop for the Manila galleons, a fleet...
What was the name of the general who claimed Guam?
{'text': 'General Miguel López de Legazpi', 'answer_start': 93}
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10,309
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Richard Nixon used national security as a basis for his expansion of power. He asserted, for example, that "the inherent power of the President to safeguard the security of the nation" authorized him to order a wiretap without a judge's warrant. Nixon also asserted that "executive privilege" shielded him from all legis...
Which president followed Congress' plan for appropriated government programs?
{'text': 'Nixon', 'answer_start': 246}
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Various industrial businesses are located in Hannover. The Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles Transporter (VWN) factory at Hannover-Stöcken is the biggest employer in the region and operates a huge plant at the northern edge of town adjoining the Mittellandkanal and Motorway A2. Jointly with a factory of German tire and au...
Who has a gas burning power plant?
{'text': 'Continental AG', 'answer_start': 348}
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97,596
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According to the Sunni scholar Ibn ʻAsākir in the 12th century, there were opportunities for female education in the medieval Islamic world, writing that women could study, earn ijazahs (academic degrees), and qualify as scholars and teachers. This was especially the case for learned and scholarly families, who wanted ...
Which one of Muhammad's wives had a particular impact on his view of women and education?
{'text': 'Khadijah', 'answer_start': 556}
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The Greek-speaking Orthodox have collected canons and commentaries upon them in a work known as the Pēdálion (Greek: Πηδάλιον, "Rudder"), so named because it is meant to "steer" the Church. The Orthodox Christian tradition in general treats its canons more as guidelines than as laws, the bishops adjusting them to cultu...
Which Orthodox leaders are free to adapt canon as required?
{'text': 'bishops', 'answer_start': 289}
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24,653
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In 1816 Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley and his wife Mary Shelley visited Geneva and all three were inspired by the scenery in their writings. During these visits Shelley wrote the poem "Mont Blanc", Byron wrote "The Prisoner of Chillon" and the dramatic poem Manfred, and Mary Shelley, who found the scenery overwhelming, c...
What poem did Shelley write during the visits to Geneva?
{'text': 'Mont Blanc', 'answer_start': 183}
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The collateralized debt obligation in particular enabled financial institutions to obtain investor funds to finance subprime and other lending, extending or increasing the housing bubble and generating large fees. This essentially places cash payments from multiple mortgages or other debt obligations into a single pool...
What is the name of the securities that enabled financial institutions to obtain investor funds to finance subprime?
{'text': 'collateralized debt obligation', 'answer_start': 4}
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Francis Marcus of the International Federation of the Red Cross praised the Chinese rescue effort as "swift and very efficient" in Beijing on Tuesday. But he added the scale of the disaster was such that "we can't expect that the government can do everything and handle every aspect of the needs". The Economist noted th...
What kind of attitude did Burma display in response to a cyclone a few days earlier?
{'text': 'secretive', 'answer_start': 427}
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Undergraduate tuition for the 2012/13 school year was $61,240; this includes the basic tuition of $43,380, fees (health $200, etc.), room and board of $13,329 (less if commuting), books and supplies $1,842, personal expenses $1,890, transportation cost of $400. Northwestern awards financial aid solely on the basis of n...
What percentage of the June 2011 graduates received federal or private loans?
{'text': '17,20', 'answer_start': 924}
38,211
37,869
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From early in its development, ASCII was intended to be just one of several national variants of an international character code standard, ultimately published as ISO/IEC 646 (1972), which would share most characters in common but assign other locally useful characters to several code points reserved for "national use....
What was causing the confusion and incompatibility of the shared characters?
{'text': "ASCII's choices for the national use characters to seem to be de facto standards for the world", 'answer_start': 478}
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Tajiks began to be conscripted into the Soviet Army in 1939 and during World War II around 260,000 Tajik citizens fought against Germany, Finland and Japan. Between 60,000(4%) and 120,000(8%) of Tajikistan's 1,530,000 citizens were killed during World War II. Following the war and Stalin's reign attempts were made to f...
How many Tajik troops fought against Germany, Finland and Japan during WWII?
{'text': '260,000 Tajik', 'answer_start': 91}
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46,395
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In the light of Mother F. A. Forbes research and reference to Pope Saint Gregory's writings, it would appear that Athanasius was constrained to be Bishop: She writes that when the Patriarch Alexander was on his death-bed he called Athanasius, who fled fearing he would be constrained to be made Bishop. "When the Bishops...
When did Alexander ask to see Athanasius?
{'text': 'on his death-bed', 'answer_start': 204}
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23,035
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Modern treaties, regardless of subject matter, usually contain articles governing where the final authentic copies of the treaty will be deposited and how any subsequent disputes as to their interpretation will be peacefully resolved.
Parties to a treaty might have disputes about what aspect of the articles of a treaty?
{'text': 'their interpretation', 'answer_start': 185}
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67,069
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Another common application is the control of the throttle of an internal combustion engine in conjunction with an electronic governor. In this usage, the motor works against a return spring to move the throttle in accordance with the output of the governor. The latter monitors engine speed by counting electrical pulses...
What is a governor connected to?
{'text': 'return spring', 'answer_start': 773}
22,190
21,848
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generic
The term "classical music" did not appear until the early 19th century, in an attempt to distinctly canonize the period from Johann Sebastian Bach to Beethoven as a golden age. The earliest reference to "classical music" recorded by the Oxford English Dictionary is from about 1836.
What book holds the earliest reference to 'classical music'?
{'text': 'Oxford English Dictionary', 'answer_start': 237}
3,760
3,418
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generic
On May 15, 2008 Geoffery York of the Globeandmail.com reported that the shoddily constructed buildings are commonly called "tofu buildings" because builders cut corners by replacing steel rods with thin iron wires for concrete re-inforcement; using inferior grade cement, if any at all; and using fewer bricks than they ...
What did builder's use in place of steel rods as re-inforcement?
{'text': 'thin iron wires', 'answer_start': 198}
128,476
128,134
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generic
Psychological anthropology is an interdisciplinary subfield of anthropology that studies the interaction of cultural and mental processes. This subfield tends to focus on ways in which humans' development and enculturation within a particular cultural group—with its own history, language, practices, and conceptual cate...
What does psychological anthropology particularly focus on in a particular culture group?
{'text': "humans' development and enculturation", 'answer_start': 185}
121,262
120,920
5731514505b4da19006bd040
generic
After 539 Ravenna was reconquered by the Romans in the form of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) and became the seat of the Exarchate of Ravenna. The greatest development of Christian mosaics unfolded in the second half of the 6th century. Outstanding examples of Byzantine mosaic art are the later phase mosai...
What event led up to the creation of the amazing mosaics in in the Basilica of San Vitale?
{'text': 'the Byzantine conquest', 'answer_start': 518}
35,820
35,478
570aa9bf6d058f1900183061
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The FAA has been cited as an example of regulatory capture, "in which the airline industry openly dictates to its regulators its governing rules, arranging for not only beneficial regulation, but placing key people to head these regulators." Retired NASA Office of Inspector General Senior Special Agent Joseph Gutheinz,...
How much do penalties against airlines cost per violation?
{'text': '$25,000', 'answer_start': 791}
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52,551
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Thomas Edison began serious research into developing a practical incandescent lamp in 1878. Edison filed his first patent application for "Improvement In Electric Lights" on 14 October 1878. After many experiments, first with carbon in the early 1880s and then with platinum and other metals, in the end Edison returned ...
What type of material did Edison use that could not last more than 1200 hours?
{'text': 'bamboo', 'answer_start': 826}
79,190
78,848
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generic
The Oppidan Houses are named Godolphin House, Jourdelay's, (both built as such c. 1720), Hawtrey House, Durnford House, (the first two built as such by the Provost and Fellows, 1845, when the school was increasing in numbers and needed more centralised control), The Hopgarden, South Lawn, Waynflete, Evans's, Keate Hous...
Which two houses were built as student population increased 1845?
{'text': 'Hawtrey House, Durnford House', 'answer_start': 89}
123,053
122,711
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generic
In the course of this religious upheaval, the German Peasants' War of 1524–25 swept through the Bavarian, Thuringian and Swabian principalities. After the Eighty Years' War in the Low Countries and the French Wars of Religion, the confessional division of the states of the Holy Roman Empire eventually erupted in the Th...
When was the German Peasants' War?
{'text': '1524–25', 'answer_start': 70}
78,682
78,340
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generic
The Dominican Order came into being in the Middle Ages at a time when religion began to be contemplated in a new way. Men of God were no longer expected to stay behind the walls of a cloister. Instead, they travelled among the people, taking as their examples the apostles of the primitive Church. Out of this ideal emer...
What two groups grew quickly during the Middle Ages?
{'text': 'the Dominicans and Franciscans', 'answer_start': 573}
113,816
113,474
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generic
The President is responsible for the implementation of the Constitution and for the exercise of executive powers, except for matters directly related to the Supreme Leader, who has the final say in all matters. The President appoints and supervises the Council of Ministers, coordinates government decisions, and selects...
The Council of Ministers is appointed and supervised by who?
{'text': 'The President', 'answer_start': 211}
37,383
37,041
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generic
Often categorised with the New Wave of British Heavy Metal, in 1981 Def Leppard released their second album High 'n' Dry, mixing glam-rock with heavy metal, and helping to define the sound of hard rock for the decade. The follow-up Pyromania (1983), reached number two on the American charts and the singles "Photograph"...
What were the three Top 40 singles from Def Leppard's Pyromania album?
{'text': '"Photograph", "Rock of Ages" and "Foolin\'"', 'answer_start': 308}
81,348
81,006
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Among other inhabitants of London are 10,000 foxes, so that there are now 16 foxes for every square mile (2.6 square kilometres) of London. These urban foxes are noticeably bolder than their country cousins, sharing the pavement with pedestrians and raising cubs in people's backyards. Foxes have even sneaked into the H...
Approximately how many foxes live in the City of London?
{'text': '10,000', 'answer_start': 38}
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The map of earthquake intensity published by CEA after surveying 500,000 km2 of the affected area shows a maximum liedu of XI on the China Seismic Intensity Scale (CSIS), described as "very destructive" on the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) from which CSIS drew reference. (USGS, using the Modified Mercalli intensity...
What was the intensity scaled at?
{'text': 'XI', 'answer_start': 123}
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generic
After World War II, the Guam Organic Act of 1950 established Guam as an unincorporated organized territory of the United States, provided for the structure of the island's civilian government, and granted the people U.S. citizenship. The Governor of Guam was federally appointed until 1968, when the Guam Elective Govern...
What conflict did the Organic Act come after?
{'text': 'After World War II', 'answer_start': 0}
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55,056
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George Gaylord Simpson's "Principles of Classification and a Classification of Mammals" (AMNH Bulletin v. 85, 1945) was the original source for the taxonomy listed here. Simpson laid out a systematics of mammal origins and relationships that was universally taught until the end of the 20th century. Since Simpson's clas...
Simpson laid the systematics of mammal origins and was taught universally up until the end of what century?
{'text': '20th', 'answer_start': 286}
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63,747
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generic
Alumnus Eero Saarinen, Finnish-American architect of such notable structures as the Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Washington Dulles International Airport main terminal, Bell Labs Holmdel Complex and the CBS Building in Manhattan, designed Ingalls Rink at Yale and the newest residential colleges of Ezra Stiles and Morse. T...
What counterpoints Yale's hectic towers?
{'text': 'fortress-like stone towers', 'answer_start': 466}
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22,090
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generic
Shawn Vancour argues that the commercialization of classical music in the early 20th century served to harm the music industry through inadequate representation.
Who argued that the commercialization of classical music was harmful to the music industry?
{'text': 'Shawn Vancour', 'answer_start': 0}
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68,505
5726eae8dd62a815002e952d
generic
Following the Ottoman ultimatum in September 1853, forces under the Ottoman general Omar Pasha crossed the Danube at Vidin and captured Calafat in October 1853. Simultaneously, in the east, the Ottomans crossed the Danube at Silistra and attacked the Russians at Oltenița. The resulting Battle of Oltenița was the first ...
After crossing the Danube at Silistra, in what city did the Ottomans attack the Russians?
{'text': 'Oltenița', 'answer_start': 263}
129,762
129,420
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generic
During the feudal and colonial times in British India, hunting was regarded as a regal sport in the numerous princely states, as many maharajas and nawabs, as well as British officers, maintained a whole corps of shikaris (big-game hunters), who were native professional hunters. They would be headed by a master of the ...
What could a Bengal tiger be hunted from the back of?
{'text': 'an elephant', 'answer_start': 566}
109,835
109,493
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Another approach to hardware support for database management was ICL's CAFS accelerator, a hardware disk controller with programmable search capabilities. In the long term, these efforts were generally unsuccessful because specialized database machines could not keep pace with the rapid development and progress of gene...
What is no longer used in modern database systems?
{'text': 'general-purpose hardware', 'answer_start': 411}
107,628
107,286
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The Great Depression ended at different times in different countries with the effect lasting into the next era. America's Great Depression ended in 1941 with America's entry into World War II. The majority of countries set up relief programs, and most underwent some sort of political upheaval, pushing them to the left ...
When did Americas Great Depression end?
{'text': '1941', 'answer_start': 148}