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Archaeologist Louis Binford criticised the idea that early hominids and early humans were hunters. On the basis of the analysis of the skeletal remains of the consumed animals, he concluded that hominids and early humans were mostly scavengers, not hunters, and this idea is popular among some archaeologists and paleoan...
What would early humans be able to obtain when hunting?
{'text': 'protein-rich meat', 'answer_start': 558}
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A predator's effect on its prey species is hard to see in the short-term. However, if observed over a longer period of time, it is seen that the population of a predator will correlationally rise and fall with the population of its prey in a cycle similar to the boom and bust cycle of economics. If a predator overhunts...
What risk to conservationists encounter when they cause the predator population to dip?
{'text': 'coextinction', 'answer_start': 1017}
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The UK political system, while technically a multi-party system, has functioned generally as a two-party (sometimes called a "two-and-a-half party") system; since the 1920s the two largest political parties have been the Conservative Party and the Labour Party. Before the Labour Party rose in British politics the Liber...
What has the UK political system functioned as?
{'text': 'a two-party (sometimes called a "two-and-a-half party") system', 'answer_start': 93}
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Around 1200 BC, the Dorians, another Greek-speaking people, followed from Epirus. Traditionally, historians have believed that the Dorian invasion caused the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization, but it is likely the main attack was made by seafaring raiders (sea peoples) who sailed into the eastern Mediterranean aro...
Is it believed that they truly are responsible in full for the collapse ?
{'text': 'it is likely the main attack was made by seafaring raiders (sea peoples)', 'answer_start': 202}
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In 1977, Elizabeth marked the Silver Jubilee of her accession. Parties and events took place throughout the Commonwealth, many coinciding with her associated national and Commonwealth tours. The celebrations re-affirmed the Queen's popularity, despite virtually coincident negative press coverage of Princess Margaret's ...
What Jubilee did Elizabeth celebrate in 1977?
{'text': 'Silver', 'answer_start': 30}
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Bantu-speaking peoples who founded tribes during the Bantu expansions largely displaced and absorbed the earliest inhabitants of the region, the Pygmy people, about 1500 BC. The Bakongo, a Bantu ethnic group that also occupied parts of present-day Angola, Gabon, and Democratic Republic of the Congo, formed the basis fo...
When did the Pygmy people displace the Bantu?
{'text': '1500 BC', 'answer_start': 165}
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Model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana are used for studying the molecular biology of plant cells and the chloroplast. Ideally, these organisms have small genomes that are well known or completely sequenced, small stature and short generation times. Corn has been used to study mechanisms of photosynthesis and phloem...
Why is a plant chosen for the study of its cells?
{'text': 'small genomes', 'answer_start': 152}
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Mutations or deletions of clock gene in mice have demonstrated the importance of body clocks to ensure the proper timing of cellular/metabolic events; clock-mutant mice are hyperphagic and obese, and have altered glucose metabolism. In mice, deletion of the Rev-ErbA alpha clock gene facilitates diet-induced obesity and...
Beside obesity, how else does the lack of a circadian clock effect the mice?
{'text': 'glucose metabolism', 'answer_start': 213}
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Madonna's initial music videos reflected her American and Hispanic mixed street style combined with a flamboyant glamor. She was able to transmit her avant-garde downtown New York fashion sense to the American audience. The imagery and incorporation of Hispanic culture and Catholic symbolism continued with the music vi...
What influence did Madonna music video reflects?
{'text': 'American and Hispanic mixed street style', 'answer_start': 45}
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The last major building work took place during the reign of King George V when, in 1913, Sir Aston Webb redesigned Blore's 1850 East Front to resemble in part Giacomo Leoni's Lyme Park in Cheshire. This new, refaced principal façade (of Portland stone) was designed to be the backdrop to the Victoria Memorial, a large m...
Which king preferred official entertaining and royal duties to lavish parties?
{'text': 'George V', 'answer_start': 385}
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The last major building work took place during the reign of King George V when, in 1913, Sir Aston Webb redesigned Blore's 1850 East Front to resemble in part Giacomo Leoni's Lyme Park in Cheshire. This new, refaced principal façade (of Portland stone) was designed to be the backdrop to the Victoria Memorial, a large m...
Who added and restored furniture to The Royal Collection?
{'text': 'Queen Mary', 'answer_start': 998}
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Presbyterian history is part of the history of Christianity, but the beginning of Presbyterianism as a distinct movement occurred during the 16th-century Protestant Reformation. As the Catholic Church resisted the reformers, several different theological movements splintered from the Church and bore different denominat...
During which 17th century reformation did the beginning of Presbyterianism occur?
{'text': 'Protestant Reformation', 'answer_start': 154}
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In 1871, after the end of the war, the city was annexed to the newly established German Empire as part of the Reichsland Elsass-Lothringen under the terms of the Treaty of Frankfurt. As part of Imperial Germany, Strasbourg was rebuilt and developed on a grand and representative scale, such as the Neue Stadt, or "new ci...
What Historian was in charge of rebuilding the municipal archives?
{'text': 'Rodolphe Reuss', 'answer_start': 377}
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Many historical linguists view any speech form as a dialect of the older medium of communication from which it developed.[citation needed] This point of view sees the modern Romance languages as dialects of Latin, modern Greek as a dialect of Ancient Greek, Tok Pisin as a dialect of English, and North Germanic as diale...
According to this few, what language is Old Norse a dialect of?
{'text': 'North Germanic', 'answer_start': 297}
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Cambridge English Dictionary states that culture is, "the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time." Terror Management Theory posits that culture is a series of activities and worldviews that provide humans with the illusion of being individuals of va...
How does the Cambridge English Dictionary define "Culture" in short?
{'text': 'the way of life', 'answer_start': 54}
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Subjective Idealism (immaterialism or phenomenalism) describes a relationship between experience and the world in which objects are no more than collections or "bundles" of sense data in the perceiver. Proponents include Berkeley, Bishop of Cloyne, an Anglo-Irish philosopher who advanced a theory he called immaterialis...
Who coined the term subjective idealism?
{'text': 'Berkeley', 'answer_start': 221}
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The set of graphic and format characters defined by Unicode does not correspond directly to the repertoire of abstract characters that is representable under Unicode. Unicode encodes characters by associating an abstract character with a particular code point. However, not all abstract characters are encoded as a singl...
What do sets of graphic characters directly correspond to?
{'text': 'the repertoire of abstract characters', 'answer_start': 92}
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That said, the score does not provide complete and exact instructions on how to perform a historical work. Even if the tempo is written with an Italian instruction (e.g., Allegro), we do not know exactly how fast the piece should be played. As well, in the Baroque era, many works that were designed for basso continuo a...
The score does not provide complete and exact instruction on how to do what?
{'text': 'perform a historical work', 'answer_start': 80}
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In 1980, the Soviet Union, which then ruled his birthplace Bukhara, celebrated the thousandth anniversary of Avicenna's birth by circulating various commemorative stamps with artistic illustrations, and by erecting a bust of Avicenna based on anthropological research by Soviet scholars.[citation needed] Near his birthp...
In 1980, how many years had it been since Avicenna's birth?
{'text': 'thousand', 'answer_start': 83}
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In the context of political corruption, a bribe may involve a payment given to a government official in exchange of his use of official powers. Bribery requires two participants: one to give the bribe, and one to take it. Either may initiate the corrupt offering; for example, a customs official may demand bribes to let...
What is the minimum amount of people that can be involved in a bribe?
{'text': 'two', 'answer_start': 161}
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An example of a state initiative to promote nutrition literacy is Smart Bodies, a public-private partnership between the state’s largest university system and largest health insurer, Louisiana State Agricultural Center and Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Louisiana Foundation. Launched in 2005, this program promotes lifel...
Smart Bodies is an example of an initiative that was started by what level of government?
{'text': 'state', 'answer_start': 16}
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In 1914, Claridge's Company entered into a joint venture to produce tar-bound macadam, with materials manufactured through a subsidiary company called Clarmac Roads Ltd. Two products resulted, namely Clarmac, and Clarphalte, with the former being manufactured by Clarmac Roads and the latter by Claridge's Patent Asphalt...
When did Claridge's company liquidate?
{'text': '1915', 'answer_start': 482}
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Georgian architecture is characterized by its proportion and balance; simple mathematical ratios were used to determine the height of a window in relation to its width or the shape of a room as a double cube. Regularity, as with ashlar (uniformly cut) stonework, was strongly approved, imbuing symmetry and adherence to ...
What type of architecture was known for its asymmetry and balance?
{'text': 'Georgian', 'answer_start': 0}
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Following their wedding, the couple leased Windlesham Moor, near Windsor Castle, until 4 July 1949, when they took up residence at Clarence House in London. At various times between 1949 and 1951, the Duke of Edinburgh was stationed in the British Crown Colony of Malta as a serving Royal Navy officer. He and Elizabeth ...
In what year was Villa Guardamangia built?
{'text': '1949', 'answer_start': 182}
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The superstructure of a carrier (such as the bridge, flight control tower) are concentrated in a relatively small area called an island, a feature pioneered on the HMS Hermes in 1923. While the island is usually built on the starboard side of the fight deck, the Japanese aircraft carriers Akagi and Hiryū had their isla...
What was a major issue in the USS Langley?
{'text': 'Fumes coming across the deck', 'answer_start': 549}
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Reapportionment following the 2010 United States Census gave the state two more seats in the House of Representatives. The legislature's redistricting, announced in 2012, was quickly challenged in court, on the grounds that it had unfairly benefited Republican interests. In 2015, the Florida Supreme Court ruled on appe...
When was the new map rejected?
{'text': 'December 2015', 'answer_start': 518}
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Around the world, there are many traditional and ancient starch-based drinks classed as beer. In Africa, there are various ethnic beers made from sorghum or millet, such as Oshikundu in Namibia and Tella in Ethiopia. Kyrgyzstan also has a beer made from millet; it is a low alcohol, somewhat porridge-like drink called "...
Where is the rice based Oshikundu found?
{'text': 'China', 'answer_start': 472}
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Public education in Tajikistan consists of 11 years of primary and secondary education but the government has plans to implement a 12-year system in 2016. There is a relatively large number of tertiary education institutions including Khujand State University which has 76 departments in 15 faculties, Tajikistan State U...
What consists of 14 years of primary and secondary education?
{'text': 'Public education in Tajikistan', 'answer_start': 0}
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In the 17th century, the Somers Isles Company suppressed shipbuilding, as it needed Bermudians to farm to generate income from the land. Agricultural production met with limited success, however. The Bermuda cedar boxes used to ship tobacco to England were reportedly worth more than their contents.[citation needed] The...
What colony did Bermuda surpass in quantity of tobacco produced?
{'text': 'Virginia', 'answer_start': 331}
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Historians see the growing Roman influence over the east, as with the west, as not a matter of intentional empire-building, but constant crisis management narrowly focused on short-term goals within a highly unstable, unpredictable, and inter-dependent network of alliances and dependencies. With some major exceptions o...
What was seen as the behind the Roman influence in the east?
{'text': 'crisis management', 'answer_start': 137}
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West's first six solo studio albums, all of which have gone platinum, have received numerous awards and critical acclaim. All of his albums have been commercially successful, with Yeezus, his sixth solo album, becoming his fifth consecutive No. 1 album in the U.S. upon release. West has had six songs exceed 3 million i...
How many songs has Kanye sold digitally in his career?
{'text': 'over 30 million', 'answer_start': 648}
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In July 2007, American business magnate and investor Warren Buffett's holding company Berkshire Hathaway bought an Israeli company, Iscar, its first non-U.S. acquisition, for $4 billion. Since the 1970s, Israel has received military aid from the United States, as well as economic assistance in the form of loan guarante...
What investor bought Iscar?
{'text': 'Warren Buffett', 'answer_start': 53}
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The brain generally forms a ring round the pharynx (throat), consisting of a pair of ganglia (local control centers) above and in front of the pharynx, linked by nerve cords either side of the pharynx to another pair of ganglia just below and behind it. The brains of polychaetes are generally in the prostomium, while t...
What are ganglia?
{'text': 'local control centers', 'answer_start': 94}
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The UAP had been formed as a new conservative alliance in 1931, with Labor defector Joseph Lyons as its leader. The stance of Lyons and other Labor rebels against the more radical proposals of the Labor movement to deal the Great Depression had attracted the support of prominent Australian conservatives. With Australia...
What event caused Billy Hughes to become Prime Minister?
{'text': "Lyons' death in 1939", 'answer_start': 697}
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The art historian Douglas Cooper states that Paul Gauguin and Paul Cézanne "were particularly influential to the formation of Cubism and especially important to the paintings of Picasso during 1906 and 1907". Cooper goes on to say: "The Demoiselles is generally referred to as the first Cubist picture. This is an exagge...
Who said The disruptive, expressionist element in it is not at all contrary to the spirit of Cubism"
{'text': 'Cooper', 'answer_start': 209}
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The Pitchfork online music publication ranked My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy as the world's best album of the decade "so far"—between 2010 and 2014—on August 19, 2014, while Yeezus was ranked in the eighth position of a list of 100 albums. During the same week, the song "Runaway" (featuring Pusha T) was ranked in th...
What album was ranked 8 on a list of 100 albums?
{'text': 'Yeezus', 'answer_start': 177}
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Sven-Göran Eriksson took charge of the team between 2001 and 2006, and was the first non–English manager of England. Despite controversial press coverage of his personal life, Eriksson was consistently popular with the majority of fans.[citation needed] He guided England to the quarter-finals of the 2002 FIFA World Cup...
Who won the 2006 FIFA World Cup?
{'text': 'England', 'answer_start': 108}
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Materialism developed, possibly independently, in several geographically separated regions of Eurasia during what Karl Jaspers termed the Axial Age (approximately 800 to 200 BC).
When was Karl Jaspers born?
{'text': 'approximately 800', 'answer_start': 149}
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Two rounds of Soviet purges directed by Moscow (1927–1934 and 1937–1938) resulted in the expulsion of nearly 10,000 people, from all levels of the Communist Party of Tajikistan. Ethnic Russians were sent in to replace those expelled and subsequently Russians dominated party positions at all levels, including the top po...
How many rounds of Soviet purges were directed by Manhattan?
{'text': 'Two', 'answer_start': 0}
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Translation of a text that is sung in vocal music for the purpose of singing in another language—sometimes called "singing translation"—is closely linked to translation of poetry because most vocal music, at least in the Western tradition, is set to verse, especially verse in regular patterns with rhyme. (Since the lat...
What is most vocal music set to in Western tradition?
{'text': 'verse', 'answer_start': 250}
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The first non-Native American inhabitant of what would eventually become New York City was Dominican trader Juan Rodriguez (transliterated to Dutch as Jan Rodrigues). Born in Santo Domingo of Portuguese and African descent, he arrived in Manhattan during the winter of 1613–1614, trapping for pelts and trading with the ...
During what season did Juan Rodriguez first come to New York?
{'text': 'winter', 'answer_start': 259}
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There are two levels of service provided — a free service to civilians and licensed service to the Chinese government and military. The free civilian service has a 10-meter location-tracking accuracy, synchronizes clocks with an accuracy of 10 nanoseconds, and measures speeds to within 0.2 m/s. The restricted military ...
Aside from the charged service to civilians, what is the other level of service provided?
{'text': 'licensed service to the Chinese government', 'answer_start': 75}
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In 2006, IBM launched Secure Blue, encryption hardware that can be built into microprocessors. A year later, IBM unveiled Project Big Green, a re-direction of $1 billion per year across its businesses to increase energy efficiency. On November 2008, IBM’s CEO, Sam Palmisano, during a speech at the Council on Foreign Re...
What is the name of the IBM project that redirected $1 billion each year to increase energy efficiency?
{'text': 'Project Big Green', 'answer_start': 122}
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Spielberg directed 2015's Bridge of Spies, a Cold War thriller based on the 1960 U-2 incident, and focusing on James B. Donovan's negotiations with the Soviets for the release of pilot Gary Powers after his aircraft was shot down over Soviet territory. The film starred Tom Hanks as Donovan, as well as Mark Rylance, Amy...
Who played Gary Powers in Bridge of Spies?
{'text': 'Mark Rylance', 'answer_start': 303}
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Other influential Muslim philosophers include al-Jahiz, a pioneer in evolutionary thought; Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), a pioneer of phenomenology and the philosophy of science and a critic of Aristotelian natural philosophy and Aristotle's concept of place (topos); Al-Biruni, a critic of Aristotelian natural philosophy; ...
What logic did AlpBiruni criticize?
{'text': 'Aristotelian logic', 'answer_start': 485}
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A elevator of this kind uses a vacuum on top of the cab and a valve on the top of the "shaft" to move the cab upwards and closes the valve in order to keep the cab at the same level. a diaphragm or a piston is used as a "brake" if there's a sudden increase in pressure avove the cab. however, to go down, it opens the va...
How does it enable the cab to go down by it's own weight?
{'text': 'it opens the valve so that the air can pressurize the top of the "shaft"', 'answer_start': 305}
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In the 18th and 19th century, green was associated with the romantic movement in literature and art. The French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau celebrated the virtues of nature, The German poet and philosopher Goethe declared that green was the most restful color, suitable for decorating bedrooms. Painters such as Jo...
When was green associated with the romantic movement in literature and art?
{'text': '18th and 19th century', 'answer_start': 7}
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Hard rock is a form of loud, aggressive rock music. The electric guitar is often emphasised, used with distortion and other effects, both as a rhythm instrument using repetitive riffs with a varying degree of complexity, and as a solo lead instrument. Drumming characteristically focuses on driving rhythms, strong bass ...
Which bass drum is used to drive rhythms?
{'text': 'snare', 'answer_start': 343}
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This clash of opinions has sparked much controversy. For example, during the drafting of the European Constitution in 2004, the Spanish government supplied the EU with translations of the text into Basque, Galician, Catalan, and Valencian, but the latter two were identical.
Who gave the EU translations of the European Constitution?
{'text': 'Spanish government', 'answer_start': 128}
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Parkson enters by acquiring local brand Centro Department Store in 2011. Centro still operates for middle market while the 'Parkson' brand itself, positioned for middle-up segment, enters in 2014 by opening its first store in Medan, followed by its second store in Jakarta. Lotte, meanwhile, enters the market by inking ...
Where is the "Lotte Shopping Avenue" located?
{'text': 'Ciputra World Jakarta complex', 'answer_start': 412}
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The Earth of the early Archean (4,000 to 2,500 million years ago) may have had a different tectonic style. During this time, the Earth's crust cooled enough that rocks and continental plates began to form. Some scientists think because the Earth was hotter, that plate tectonic activity was more vigorous than it is toda...
During what time period was the Archean era?
{'text': '4,000 to 2,500 million years ago', 'answer_start': 32}
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Fog is fairly common, particularly in spring and early summer, and the occasional tropical storm or hurricane can threaten the region, especially in late summer and early autumn. Due to its situation along the North Atlantic, the city often receives sea breezes, especially in the late spring, when water temperatures ar...
What is the average hours of sunshine per year in Boston?
{'text': '2,600', 'answer_start': 898}
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Although coal, hydrocarbons, iron ore, platinum, copper, chromium, nickel, gold and other minerals have been found, they have not been in large enough quantities to exploit. The 1991 Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty also restricts a struggle for resources. In 1998, a compromise agreement was...
In what year was an agreement reached to ban mining in Antarctica?
{'text': '1998', 'answer_start': 288}
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On 1 March 1951 Mao sent a cable to Stalin, in which he emphasized the difficulties faced by Chinese forces and the urgent need for air cover, especially over supply lines. Apparently impressed by the Chinese war effort, Stalin finally agreed to supply two air force divisions, three anti-aircraft divisions, and six tho...
What was a great concern of many Chinese troops?
{'text': 'they had nothing to eat', 'answer_start': 578}
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After the House of Representatives has debated the law, it either approves it and sends it to the Senate with the text "The Second Chamber of the States General sends the following approved proposal of law to the First Chamber", or it rejects it and returns it to the government with the text "The Second Chamber of the ...
If the lower house approves the law, what happens?
{'text': 'it sends it back to the government', 'answer_start': 425}
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Some of the later writers about the show were more positive, Michael Slezak, again of Entertainment Weekly, thought that "for all its bloated, synthetic, product-shilling, money-making trappings, Idol provides a once-a-year chance for the average American to combat the evils of today's music business." Singer Sheryl Cr...
What singer had bad things to say about contestants on American Idol?
{'text': 'John Mayer', 'answer_start': 1039}
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Before the pact's announcement, Communists in the West denied that such a treaty would be signed. Future member of the Hollywood Ten Herbert Biberman denounced rumors as "Fascist propaganda". Earl Browder, head of the Communist Party USA, stated that "there is as much chance of agreement as of Earl Browder being electe...
Who was part of Hollywood Ten?
{'text': 'Herbert Biberman', 'answer_start': 133}
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IBM also holds the SmartCamp program globally. The program searches for fresh start-up companies that IBM can partner with to solve world problems. IBM holds 17 SmartCamp events around the world. Since July 2011, IBM has partnered with Pennies, the electronic charity box, and produced a software solution for IBM retail...
What did Pennies go into business to solve in the UK?
{'text': 'world problems', 'answer_start': 132}
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The World Health Organization and the UN Environment Programme estimate that each year, 3 million workers in agriculture in the developing world experience severe poisoning from pesticides, about 18,000 of whom die. Owing to inadequate regulation and safety precautions, 99% of pesticide related deaths occur in developi...
In developing countries, how many workers are exposed to mild pesticide poisining?
{'text': 'as 25 million', 'answer_start': 411}
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If impaired blood flow to the heart lasts long enough, it triggers a process called the ischemic cascade; the heart cells in the territory of the occluded coronary artery die (chiefly through necrosis) and do not grow back. A collagen scar forms in their place. Recent studies indicate that another form of cell death, a...
What is another name for a ventricular aneurysm?
{'text': 'arrhythmias', 'answer_start': 569}
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The German Renaissance has bequeathed the city some noteworthy buildings (especially the current Chambre de commerce et d'industrie, former town hall, on Place Gutenberg), as did the French Baroque and Classicism with several hôtels particuliers (i.e. palaces), among which the Palais Rohan (1742, now housing three muse...
How tall is the Palais Rohan?
{'text': '150 m', 'answer_start': 726}
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Adams sent condolences to Donda West's family but declined to publicly discuss the procedure, citing confidentiality. West’s family, through celebrity attorney Ed McPherson, filed complaints with the Medical Board against Adams and Aboolian for violating patient confidentiality following her death. Adams had previously...
What was the name of the West's family's attorney during the incident surrounding the death of Donda West?
{'text': 'Ed McPherson', 'answer_start': 160}
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In the early years of coverage the BBC had exclusive radio coverage with a picture of the pitch marked in the Radio Times with numbered squares to help the listener follow the match on the radio. The first FA Cup Final on Radio was in 1926 between Bolton Wanderers and Manchester City but this was only broadcast in Manc...
What clubs competed in the match?
{'text': 'Bolton Wanderers and Manchester City', 'answer_start': 248}
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In Pennsylvania, there are over sixty summits that rise over 2,500 ft (800 m); the summits of Mount Davis and Blue Knob rise over 3,000 ft (900 m). In Maryland, Eagle Rock and Dans Mountain are conspicuous points reaching 3,162 ft (964 m) and 2,882 ft (878 m) respectively. On the same side of the Great Valley, south of...
Besides Snowshoe, what is the name of the other mountain at Thorny Flat?
{'text': 'Bald Knob', 'answer_start': 690}
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The new interiors sought to recreate an authentically Roman and genuinely interior vocabulary. Techniques employed in the style included flatter, lighter motifs, sculpted in low frieze-like relief or painted in monotones en camaïeu ("like cameos"), isolated medallions or vases or busts or bucrania or other motifs, susp...
What was initially a Parisien style in Greece?
{'text': 'the Goût grec', 'answer_start': 514}
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There were 112,608 households in the city in 2000, of which 26.5% included children below the age of 18, 39.5% were composed of married couples living together, 11.4% reported a female householder with no husband present, and 45.5% classified themselves as nonfamily. Unmarried partners were present in 2.2% of household...
What percent of households had children in 2008?
{'text': '26.5%', 'answer_start': 60}
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A broad way of defining adolescence is the transition from child-to-adulthood. According to Hogan & Astone (1986), this transition can include markers such as leaving school, starting a full-time job, leaving the home of origin, getting married, and becoming a parent for the first time. However, the time frame of this ...
How long does the United States believe adolescence lasts?
{'text': 'nearly a decade', 'answer_start': 429}
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Buddhism began to spread throughout Japan during the Heian period, primarily through two major esoteric sects, Tendai and Shingon. Tendai originated in China and is based on the Lotus Sutra, one of the most important sutras of Mahayana Buddhism; Saichō was key to its transmission to Japan. Shingon is the Japanese trans...
What were the two Chinese sects of Buddhism?
{'text': 'Tendai and Shingon.', 'answer_start': 111}
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There are quite a few different dielectrics that can be chosen to provide different insulating values depending on the requirements of the circuit. Some of these dielectrics are polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon), FR-4, FR-1, CEM-1 or CEM-3. Well known pre-preg materials used in the PCB industry are FR-2 (phenolic cotton...
To what type of packaging is thermal expansion particularly critical?
{'text': 'ball grid array', 'answer_start': 713}
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The majority of the citizens of the Marshall Islands are of Marshallese descent, though there are small numbers of immigrants from the United States, China, Philippines and other Pacific islands. The two official languages are Marshallese, which is a member of the Malayo-Polynesian languages, and English. Almost the en...
Along with the United Church of Christ and the UCCCMI, what is a main religion of the Marshall Islands?
{'text': 'the Assemblies of God', 'answer_start': 509}
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In the US, African Americans, who include multiracial people, earn 75% of what white people earn. In Brazil, people of color earn less than 50% of what whites earn. Some have posited that the facts of lower socioeconomic status for people of color suggest that Brazil practices a kind of one-drop rule, or discrimination...
What does the one drop rule do?
{'text': 'discrimination against people who are not visibly European in ancestry.', 'answer_start': 306}
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This changed with the recent sovereign-debt crisis. The ECB always could, and through the late summer of 2011 did, purchase bonds issued by the weaker states even though it assumes, in doing so, the risk of a deteriorating balance sheet. ECB buying focused primarily on Spanish and Italian debt. Certain techniques can m...
What risk is mitigated when the ECB purchases bonds from weaker states?
{'text': 'a deteriorating balance sheet', 'answer_start': 207}
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Players may only be transferred during transfer windows that are set by the Football Association. The two transfer windows run from the last day of the season to 31 August and from 31 December to 31 January. Player registrations cannot be exchanged outside these windows except under specific licence from the FA, usuall...
When can a player be transferred?
{'text': 'Players may only be transferred during transfer windows that are set by the Football Association.', 'answer_start': 0}
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In 2000, Apple released the Power Mac G4 Cube, their first desktop since the discontinued Power Macintosh G3, to slot between the iMac G3 and the Power Mac G4. Even with its innovative design, it was initially priced US$200 higher than the comparably-equipped and more-expandable base Power Mac G4, while also not includ...
When was the Power Mac G4 discontinued?
{'text': 'July 2001', 'answer_start': 749}
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New York City's food culture includes a variety of international cuisines influenced by the city's immigrant history. Central European and Italian immigrants originally made the city famous for bagels, cheesecake, and New York-style pizza, while Chinese and other Asian restaurants, sandwich joints, trattorias, diners, ...
According to Michelin, about how many fine dining restaurants exist in New York?
{'text': 'one thousand', 'answer_start': 575}
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Manufacturers of devices may have their own proprietary numbering system, for example CK722. Since devices are second-sourced, a manufacturer's prefix (like "MPF" in MPF102, which originally would denote a Motorola FET) now is an unreliable indicator of who made the device. Some proprietary naming schemes adopt parts o...
How many naming schemes use an accurate manufacturer's prefix?
{'text': 'Some', 'answer_start': 275}
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The official policy became one of biological and cultural assimilation: "Eliminate the full-blood and permit the white admixture to half-castes and eventually the race will become white". This led to different treatment for "black" and "half-caste" individuals, with lighter-skinned individuals targeted for removal from...
What were the mixed race individuals kept from doing?
{'text': 'speaking their native language and practising traditional customs', 'answer_start': 384}
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These symmetries are represented by functions. Each of these functions sends a point in the square to the corresponding point under the symmetry. For example, r1 sends a point to its rotation 90° clockwise around the square's center, and fh sends a point to its reflection across the square's vertical middle line. Compo...
What group includes the symmetries of degree 4 and denoted D4?
{'text': 'the dihedral group', 'answer_start': 432}
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The growth continued into the next season, starting with a season premiere of 26.5 million. The season attracted an average of 21.7 million viewers, and was placed second overall amongst the 18–49 age group. The finale night when Ruben Studdard won over Clay Aiken was also the highest-rated ever American Idol episode a...
How many people on average tuned in to watch American Idol in its second season?
{'text': '21.7 million', 'answer_start': 127}
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Han Chinese make up the vast majority of the population, and the largest Han subgroup are the speakers of Wu varieties of Chinese. There are also 400,000 members of ethnic minorities, including approximately 200,000 She people and approximately 20,000 Hui Chinese[citation needed]. Jingning She Autonomous County in Lish...
How many She people are there?
{'text': '200,000', 'answer_start': 208}
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The gyromagnetic ratio γ is the constant of proportionality between the frequency ν of nuclear magnetic resonance (or electron paramagnetic resonance for electrons) and the applied magnetic field B: ν = γB. It is difficult to measure gyromagnetic ratios precisely because of the difficulties in precisely measuring B, bu...
What three factors impact the gyroelectric ratio?
{'text': 'the shielded proton magnetic moment μ′p, the spin number I (I = 1⁄2 for protons) and the reduced Planck constant', 'answer_start': 726}
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In 1993, the newly formed government of Namibia received funding from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) through its Living in a Finite Environment (LIFE) Project. The Ministry of Environment and Tourism with the financial support from organisations such as USAID, Endangered Wildlife Trust, ...
When did Namibia receive funding from USAID?
{'text': '1993', 'answer_start': 3}
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Apple debuted the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store on September 5, 2007, in its Media Event entitled "The Beat Goes On...". This service allows users to access the Music Store from either an iPhone or an iPod Touch and download songs directly to the device that can be synced to the user's iTunes Library over a WiFi connection,...
What was the name of the event at which the iTunes Wi-Fi store was launched?
{'text': 'The Beat Goes On...', 'answer_start': 94}
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Royal power in Wales was unevenly applied, with the country divided between the marcher lords along the borders, royal territories in Pembrokeshire and the more independent native Welsh lords of North Wales. John took a close interest in Wales and knew the country well, visiting every year between 1204 and 1211 and mar...
When did a royal expedition to enforce agreements occur?
{'text': '1211', 'answer_start': 662}
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The console was first officially announced at E3 2005, and was released at the end of 2006. It was the first console to use Blu-ray Disc as its primary storage medium. The console was the first PlayStation to integrate social gaming services, included it being the first to introduce Sony's social gaming service, PlaySt...
As of March 2017, PlayStation 3 has sold how many units?
{'text': '85 million', 'answer_start': 845}
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The German states proclaimed their union as the German Empire under the Prussian king, Wilhelm I, uniting Germany as a nation-state. The Treaty of Frankfurt of 10 May 1871 gave Germany most of Alsace and some parts of Lorraine, which became the Imperial territory of Alsace-Lorraine (Reichsland Elsaß-Lothringen).The Ger...
The Treaty of Frankfurt gave Germany which Imperial territory?
{'text': 'Alsace-Lorraine', 'answer_start': 267}
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Laing's definition of identity closely follows Erikson's, in emphasising the past, present and future components of the experienced self. He also develops the concept of the "metaperspective of self", i.e. the self's perception of the other's view of self, which has been found to be extremely important in clinical cont...
The person, aspects of self, and personal characteristics displayed to others are components of what?
{'text': 'self/identity', 'answer_start': 422}
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The passing of the Antarctic Conservation Act (1978) in the U.S. brought several restrictions to U.S. activity on Antarctica. The introduction of alien plants or animals can bring a criminal penalty, as can the extraction of any indigenous species. The overfishing of krill, which plays a large role in the Antarctic eco...
What does CMACLR stand for?
{'text': 'Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources', 'answer_start': 398}
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There is a close connection between machine learning and compression: a system that predicts the posterior probabilities of a sequence given its entire history can be used for optimal data compression (by using arithmetic coding on the output distribution) while an optimal compressor can be used for prediction (by find...
What type of compressor can be used for prediction?
{'text': 'optimal', 'answer_start': 266}
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Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank when compared to the 2010 HDI list, for countries listed in both rankings.
What arrows do not represent changes in rank?
{'text': 'green arrows (), red arrows', 'answer_start': 10}
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Following the death of Grand Prince Igor in 945, his wife Olga ruled as regent in Kiev until their son Sviatoslav reached maturity (ca. 963). His decade-long reign over Rus' was marked by rapid expansion through the conquest of the Khazars of the Pontic steppe and the invasion of the Balkans. By the end of his short li...
In what year did Sviatoslav take over as leader?
{'text': '963', 'answer_start': 136}
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There is a tendency to abandon traditionally gender-invariable adjectives in favour of marked ones, something prevalent in Occitan and French. Thus, one can find bullent/bullenta ("boiling") in contrast with traditional bullent/bullent.
What is ab example of a gender marked adjective?
{'text': 'bullent/bullenta', 'answer_start': 162}
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Formal education occurs in a structured environment whose explicit purpose is teaching students. Usually, formal education takes place in a school environment with classrooms of multiple students learning together with a trained, certified teacher of the subject. Most school systems are designed around a set of values ...
What doesn't guide students in formal environments?
{'text': 'certified teacher', 'answer_start': 230}
193
193
138452
pubqa
An acute gastroenteritis (AG) outbreak occurred among participants in an obstacle race in France in the summer of 2015. An investigation in two phases was conducted to identify the source of infection and document the extent of the outbreak. First, a message on a social media website asked racers to report any symptoms...
What was the age of the affected people?
{'answer_id': 274467, 'document_id': 445596, 'question_id': 138452, 'text': 'The mean age of adult respondents was 33 years (range: 18-61 years)', 'answer_start': 5348, 'answer_category': 'LONG'}
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Through the influence of the Eusebian faction at Constantinople, an Arian bishop, George of Cappadocia, was now appointed to rule the see of Alexandria. Athanasius, after remaining some days in the neighbourhood of the city, finally withdrew into the desert of Upper Egypt, where he remained for a period of six years, l...
To where did Saint Athanasius withdraw?
{'text': 'the desert of Upper Egypt', 'answer_start': 247}
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The ancient history of Kathmandu is described in its traditional myths and legends. According to Swayambhu Purana, present-day Kathmandu was once a huge and deep lake names "Nagdaha" as it was full of snakes. The lake was cut drained by Bodhisatwa Manjusri with his sword and the water was evacuated out from there and h...
What animals notably resided in Nagdaha?
{'text': 'snakes', 'answer_start': 201}
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Fachhochschulen were first founded in the early 1970s. They do not focus exclusively on technology, but may also offer courses in social science, medicine, business and design. They grant bachelor's degrees and master's degrees, and focus more on teaching than research and more on specific professions than on science.
Fachhochschulen first came about in the early years of what decade?
{'text': '1970s', 'answer_start': 48}
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Versions of revived Palladian architecture dominated English country house architecture. Houses were increasingly placed in grand landscaped settings, and large houses were generally made wide and relatively shallow, largely to look more impressive from a distance. The height was usually highest in the centre, and the ...
What was done to make houses look more impressive from a distance?
{'text': 'made wide and relatively shallow', 'answer_start': 183}
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In orthography and typography, letter case (or just case) is the distinction between the letters that are in larger upper case (also capital letters, capitals, caps, large letters, or more formally majuscule, see Terminology) and smaller lower case (also small letters, or more formally minuscule, see Terminology) in th...
Minuscule is a term uses to describe which case of letter?
{'text': 'smaller lower', 'answer_start': 230}
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For those with severe persistent asthma not controlled by inhaled corticosteroids and LABAs, bronchial thermoplasty may be an option. It involves the delivery of controlled thermal energy to the airway wall during a series of bronchoscopies. While it may increase exacerbation frequency in the first few months it appear...
What does inhaling corticosteroids deliver?
{'text': 'It involves the delivery of controlled thermal energy to the airway wall during a series of bronchoscopies', 'answer_start': 134}