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From the fifth-generation iPod on, Apple introduced a user-configurable volume limit in response to concerns about hearing loss. Users report that in the sixth-generation iPod, the maximum volume output level is limited to 100 dB in EU markets. Apple previously had to remove iPods from shelves in France for exceeding t...
What type of sensory issue was a concern prior to the release of 5th gen iPods?
{'text': 'hearing loss', 'answer_start': 115}
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There are very few existing mosaics from the Komnenian period but this paucity must be due to accidents of survival and gives a misleading impression. The only surviving 12th-century mosaic work in Constantinople is a panel in Hagia Sophia depicting Emperor John II and Empress Eirene with the Theotokos (1122–34). The e...
What deity does the 12th century mosaic in the Hagia Sophia depict?
{'text': 'the Theotokos', 'answer_start': 290}
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The actual resistance of the filament is temperature dependent. The cold resistance of tungsten-filament lamps is about 1/15 the hot-filament resistance when the lamp is operating. For example, a 100-watt, 120-volt lamp has a resistance of 144 ohms when lit, but the cold resistance is much lower (about 9.5 ohms). Since...
How does the cold resistance of tungsten filament lamps compare to the hot resistance?
{'text': 'The cold resistance of tungsten-filament lamps is about 1/15 the hot-filament resistance', 'answer_start': 64}
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Beyond combat flight crew personnel, perhaps the most dangerous USAF jobs are Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD), Combat rescue officer, Pararescue, Security Forces, Combat Control, Combat Weather, Tactical Air Control Party, and AFOSI agents, who deploy with infantry and special operations units who disarm bombs, rescu...
What other career fields have seen an increase in active combat missions?
{'text': 'Air Force Office of Special Investigations', 'answer_start': 625}
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The emergence of resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is a common phenomenon. Emergence of resistance often reflects evolutionary processes that take place during antibiotic therapy. The antibiotic treatment may select for bacterial strains with physiologically or genetically enhanced capacity to survive high doses of...
What is resistance to antibiotics a cause of?
{'text': 'evolution', 'answer_start': 118}
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After the Communist Party of China took power in 1949, the flag of China became a red flag with a large star symbolizing the Communist Party, and smaller stars symbolizing workers, peasants, the urban middle class and rural middle class. The flag of the Communist Party of China became a red banner with a hammer and sic...
What does the red color in the Nepalese flag represent?
{'text': 'the national flower', 'answer_start': 665}
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The retail trade in Cork city includes a mix of both modern, state of the art shopping centres and family owned local shops. Department stores cater for all budgets, with expensive boutiques for one end of the market and high street stores also available. Shopping centres can be found in many of Cork's suburbs, includi...
What mostly caters to expensive boutiques?
{'text': 'Department stores', 'answer_start': 125}
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There are two major mechanical pulps, the thermomechanical one (TMP) and groundwood pulp (GW). In the TMP process, wood is chipped and then fed into large steam heated refiners, where the chips are squeezed and converted to fibres between two steel discs. In the groundwood process, debarked logs are fed into grinders w...
In which process are the chips converted to fibers between three steel discs?
{'text': 'TMP', 'answer_start': 102}
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Zhejiang consists mostly of hills, which account for about 70% of its total area. Altitudes tend to be the highest to the south and west and the highest peak of the province, Huangmaojian Peak (1,929 meters or 6,329 feet), is located there. Other prominent mountains include Mounts Yandang, Tianmu, Tiantai, and Mogan, w...
What is the highest peak of the province?
{'text': 'Huangmaojian Peak', 'answer_start': 175}
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For collectable or nostalgia purposes, or for the benefit of higher-quality audio playback provided by the 78 rpm speed with newer vinyl records and their lightweight stylus pickups, a small number of 78 rpm records have been released since the major labels ceased production. One of the first attempts at this was in th...
What are reasons for recent releases of 78 rpm speed vinyls?
{'text': 'collectable or nostalgia purposes', 'answer_start': 4}
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Socioeconomic factors, in combination with early but enduring views of race, have led to considerable suffering within disadvantaged racial groups. Racial discrimination often coincides with racist mindsets, whereby the individuals and ideologies of one group come to perceive the members of an outgroup as both racially...
What has led to many tragic instances of events like slavery and genocide?
{'text': 'Racism', 'answer_start': 546}
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Town terraced houses for all social classes remained resolutely tall and narrow, each dwelling occupying the whole height of the building. This contrasted with well-off continental dwellings, which had already begun to be formed of wide apartments occupying only one or two floors of a building; such arrangements were o...
What shape and size did most town terraced houses take on?
{'text': 'tall and narrow', 'answer_start': 64}
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The basis for classical economics forms Adam Smith's An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, published in 1776. Smith criticized mercantilism, advocating a system of free trade with division of labour. He postulated an "invisible hand" that regulated economic systems made up of actors guided onl...
What idea did Adam Smith disagree with?
{'text': 'mercantilism', 'answer_start': 153}
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Starting in 1940 (18 months before Pearl Harbor), the nation mobilized, giving high priority to air power. American involvement in World War II in 1940–41 was limited to providing war material and financial support to Britain, the Soviet Union, and the Republic of China. The U.S. entered officially on 8 December 1941 f...
What country served as an American forward base to wage war with Japan?
{'text': 'Australia', 'answer_start': 493}
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The Henry Art Gallery opened in 1927, the first public art museum in Washington. The Seattle Art Museum (SAM) opened in 1933; SAM opened a museum downtown in 1991 (expanded and reopened 2007); since 1991, the 1933 building has been SAM's Seattle Asian Art Museum (SAAM). SAM also operates the Olympic Sculpture Park (ope...
What was the name of the first art museum in Washington?
{'text': 'Henry Art Gallery', 'answer_start': 4}
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Following the events in Olympia, there were reports that China requested permission to deploy People's Liberation Army personnel along the relay route to protect the flame in Canberra. Australian authorities stated that such a request, if it were to be made, would be refused. Chinese officials labeled it a rumor. Austr...
Who was the Foreign Minister who said he was okay with protests as long as they were peaceful?
{'text': 'Stephen Smith', 'answer_start': 1065}
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Still, advancing technology and medicine has had a great impact even in the Global South. Large-scale industry and more centralized media made brutal dictatorships possible on an unprecedented scale in the middle of the century, leading to wars that were also unprecedented. However, the increased communications contrib...
What did the media industry make possible in the middle of the century?
{'text': 'brutal dictatorships', 'answer_start': 143}
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YouTube relies on its users to flag the content of videos as inappropriate, and a YouTube employee will view a flagged video to determine whether it violates the site's terms of service. In July 2008, the Culture and Media Committee of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom stated that it was "unimpressed" with You...
Who checks the flagged videos for unauthorized content?
{'text': 'a YouTube employee', 'answer_start': 80}
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Some researchers believe that the first Russian settlement in Alaska was established in the 17th century. According to this hypothesis, in 1648 several koches of Semyon Dezhnyov's expedition came ashore in Alaska by storm and founded this settlement. This hypothesis is based on the testimony of Chukchi geographer Nikol...
During which years didn't Nikolai Durkin visit Alaska?
{'text': '1764–1765', 'answer_start': 358}
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The cursive script (草書(书), cǎoshū, literally "grass script") is used informally. The basic character shapes are suggested, rather than explicitly realized, and the abbreviations are sometimes extreme. Despite being cursive to the point where individual strokes are no longer differentiable and the characters often illeg...
What script is used informally?
{'text': 'cursive', 'answer_start': 4}
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Red, white, and black were the colors of the German Empire from 1870 to 1918, and as such they came to be associated with German nationalism. In the 1920s they were adopted as the colors of the Nazi flag. In Mein Kampf, Hitler explained that they were "revered colors expressive of our homage to the glorious past." The ...
Whose design was the Nazi flag?
{'text': "Hitler's personal design", 'answer_start': 766}
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Prior to Planck's work, it had been assumed that the energy of a body could take on any value whatsoever – that it was a continuous variable. The Rayleigh–Jeans law makes close predictions for a narrow range of values at one limit of temperatures, but the results diverge more and more strongly as temperatures increase....
Planck's law involved what necessary mathematical step to correctly predict blackbody emission?
{'text': 'multiply the classical expression by a complex factor that involves h in both the numerator and the denominator', 'answer_start': 409}
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During the night of December 2 and early morning of December 3, 1968, Kerry was in charge of a small boat operating near a peninsula north of Cam Ranh Bay together with a Swift boat (PCF-60). According to Kerry and the two crewmen who accompanied him that night, Patrick Runyon and William Zaladonis, they surprised a gr...
Where was Kerry injured?
{'text': 'in the left arm above the elbow', 'answer_start': 593}
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Many of NARA's most requested records are frequently used for genealogy research. This includes census records from 1790 to 1930, ships' passenger lists, and naturalization records.
For what time period does NARA have census records available for?
{'text': '1790 to 1930', 'answer_start': 116}
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Puberty occurs through a long process and begins with a surge in hormone production, which in turn causes a number of physical changes. It is the stage of life characterized by the appearance and development of secondary sex characteristics (for example, a deeper voice and larger adam's apple in boys, and development o...
An imbalance in sex hormones, tissue responsiveness, or obesity can cause what in boys?
{'text': 'gynecomastia', 'answer_start': 981}
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Coyotes and big cats have also been known to attack dogs. Leopards in particular are known to have a predilection for dogs, and have been recorded to kill and consume them regardless of the dog's size or ferocity. Tigers in Manchuria, Indochina, Indonesia, and Malaysia are reputed to kill dogs with the same vigor as le...
What is a known predator of village dogs in India?
{'text': 'Striped hyenas', 'answer_start': 328}
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Tajikistan's rivers, such as the Vakhsh and the Panj, have great hydropower potential, and the government has focused on attracting investment for projects for internal use and electricity exports. Tajikistan is home to the Nurek Dam, the highest dam in the world. Lately, Russia's RAO UES energy giant has been working ...
What project is estimated to cost around US$965 million?
{'text': 'CASA 1000', 'answer_start': 722}
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Primary sex characteristics are those directly related to the sex organs. In males, the first stages of puberty involve growth of the testes and scrotum, followed by growth of the penis. At the time that the penis develops, the seminal vesicles, the prostate, and the bulbourethral gland also enlarge and develop. The fi...
Which male body parts enlarge and develop at the same time as the penis?
{'text': 'seminal vesicles, the prostate, and the bulbourethral gland', 'answer_start': 228}
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During the Miocene continents continued to drift toward their present positions. Of the modern geologic features, only the land bridge between South America and North America was absent, the subduction zone along the Pacific Ocean margin of South America caused the rise of the Andes and the southward extension of the M...
The formation of which mountain range was the result of of what zone along the Pacific Ocean side of South America?
{'text': 'the Andes', 'answer_start': 274}
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Not-self (Pāli: anatta; Sanskrit: anātman) is the third mark of existence. Upon careful examination, one finds that no phenomenon is really "I" or "mine"; these concepts are in fact constructed by the mind. In the Nikayas anatta is not meant as a metaphysical assertion, but as an approach for gaining release from suffe...
What is the third mark of existence in Buddhism?
{'text': 'Not-self (Pāli: anatta; Sanskrit: anātman)', 'answer_start': 0}
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In April 1994, the results of a Merck-sponsored study, the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study, were announced. Researchers tested simvastatin, later sold by Merck as Zocor, on 4,444 patients with high cholesterol and heart disease. After five years, the study concluded the patients saw a 35% reduction in their cho...
Patients treated with Zocor had their cholesterol reduced by how much?
{'text': '35%', 'answer_start': 294}
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Catalan has inherited the typical vowel system of Vulgar Latin, with seven stressed phonemes: /a ɛ e i ɔ o u/, a common feature in Western Romance, except Spanish. Balearic has also instances of stressed /ə/. Dialects differ in the different degrees of vowel reduction, and the incidence of the pair /ɛ e/.
Where does Catalan get its vowel system?
{'text': 'Vulgar Latin', 'answer_start': 50}
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At the forefront of the new school of design was the aristocratic "architect earl", Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington; in 1729, he and William Kent, designed Chiswick House. This House was a reinterpretation of Palladio's Villa Capra, but purified of 16th century elements and ornament. This severe lack of ornamenta...
Whose dictate did the wings of farm houses follow?
{'text': "Palladio's", 'answer_start': 582}
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Viking invasions began in the 9th century, followed by more permanent settlements, particularly along the east coast of Ireland, the west coast of modern-day Scotland and the Isle of Man. Though the Vikings were eventually neutralised in Ireland, their influence remained in the cities of Dublin, Cork, Limerick, Waterfo...
During the 10th century, who was invading?
{'text': 'Viking', 'answer_start': 0}
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The term "Hispanic" as an ethnonym emerged in the 20th century with the rise of migration of laborers from the Spanish-speaking countries of Latin America to the United States. Today, the word "Latino" is often used as a synonym for "Hispanic". The definitions of both terms are non-race specific, and include people who...
When did the term "Hispanic" begin being used?
{'text': 'the 20th century', 'answer_start': 46}
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Typically the sub-Tropical High Pressure Belt, with frequent clear skies, provides more than 300 days of sunshine per year. It is situated at the southern edge of the tropics; the Tropic of Capricorn cuts the country about in half. The winter (June – August) is generally dry, both rainy seasons occur in summer, the sma...
What is the typical amount of sunshine days in Tropical high pressure belt?
{'text': '300 days', 'answer_start': 93}
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ELPJ, a Japanese-based company, sells a laser turntable that uses a laser to read vinyl discs optically, without physical contact. The laser turntable eliminates record wear and the possibility of accidental scratches, which degrade the sound, but its expense limits use primarily to digital archiving of analog records,...
What was a benedit of laser read discs?
{'text': 'eliminates record wear', 'answer_start': 151}
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Beyoncé's work has influenced numerous artists including Adele, Ariana Grande, Lady Gaga, Bridgit Mendler, Rihanna, Kelly Rowland, Sam Smith, Meghan Trainor, Nicole Scherzinger, Rita Ora, Zendaya, Cheryl Cole, JoJo, Alexis Jordan, Jessica Sanchez, and Azealia Banks. American indie rock band White Rabbits also cited her...
Which friend learned from Beyonce while preparing for the film, "Country Strong?"
{'text': 'Gwyneth Paltrow', 'answer_start': 385}
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Among the vast varieties of microorganisms, relatively few cause disease in otherwise healthy individuals. Infectious disease results from the interplay between those few pathogens and the defenses of the hosts they infect. The appearance and severity of disease resulting from any pathogen, depends upon the ability of...
Of the huge amount of microorganisms, how many cause disease in otherwise healthy individuals?
{'text': 'relatively few', 'answer_start': 45}
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In 2008, biochemist Boris Arkadievich Malyarchuk (Russian: Борис Аркадьевич Малярчук) et al. of the Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia, used a sample (n=279) of Czech individuals to determine the frequency of "Mongoloid" "mtDNA lineages". Malyarchuk found Czech m...
What assimilated the Russian population?
{'text': 'the indigenous pre-Slavic population', 'answer_start': 793}
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Higher education systems, that are influenced by the French education system set at the end of the 18th century, use a terminology derived by reference to the French École polytechnique. Such terms include Écoles Polytechniques (Algeria, Belgium, Canada, France, Switzerland, Tunisia), Escola Politécnica (Brasil, Spain)...
In Eastern Europe, what is the word for an institute of technology?
{'text': 'Polytechnicum', 'answer_start': 322}
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After World War I, when Britain and France divided up the Middle East's countries, apart from Turkey, between them, pursuant to the Sykes-Picot agreement—in violation of solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy—there came an immediate reaction: the Muslim Brotherhood emerged in Egypt, the House of Saud took ove...
What two countries abandoned Middle East's countries after WWI?
{'text': 'Britain and France', 'answer_start': 24}
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A new index was released on December 18, 2008. This so-called "statistical update" covered the period up to 2006 and was published without an accompanying Human Development Report. The update is relevant due to newly released estimates of purchasing power parities (PPP), implying substantial adjustments for many countr...
What was the index published on December 18, 2008 complete?
{'text': 'substantial adjustments', 'answer_start': 281}
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By 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing...
Who had come to reside in the United States due to new immigration laws in the 1940s?
{'text': 'immigrants', 'answer_start': 177}
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Sicily fell under the control of the Holy Roman Empire in 1194. Palermo was the preferred city of the Emperor Frederick II. Muslims of Palermo emigrated or were expelled during Holy Roman rule. After an interval of Angevin rule (1266–1282), Sicily came under control of the Aragon and Barcelona dynasties. By 1330, Paler...
What year did Sicily become ruled by the Holy Roman Empire?
{'text': '1194', 'answer_start': 58}
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On October 7, 2003, the recall election resulted in Governor Gray Davis being removed from office with 55.4% of the Yes vote in favor of a recall. Schwarzenegger was elected Governor of California under the second question on the ballot with 48.6% of the vote to choose a successor to Davis. Schwarzenegger defeated Demo...
What percentage of the October 2003 vote was in favor of a recall?
{'text': '55.4%', 'answer_start': 103}
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Players may only be transferred during transfer windows that are set by the Football Association. The two transfer windows run from the last day of the season to 31 August and from 31 December to 31 January. Player registrations cannot be exchanged outside these windows except under specific licence from the FA, usuall...
From when do t he transfer players run?
{'text': 'from the last day of the season to 31 August and from 31 December to 31 January', 'answer_start': 127}
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Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commander prefix Sir, and Dames Grand Cross and Dames Commander prefix Dame, to their forenames.[b] Wives of Knights may prefix Lady to their surnames, but no equivalent privilege exists for husbands of Knights or spouses of Dames. Such forms are not used by peers and princes, except whe...
Who would prefix Sir, and Dames Grand Cross?
{'text': 'Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commander', 'answer_start': 0}
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According to statute, Qing society was divided into relatively closed estates, of which in most general terms there were five. Apart from the estates of the officials, the comparatively minuscule aristocracy, and the degree-holding literati, there also existed a major division among ordinary Chinese between commoners a...
What was the legal term for commoner?
{'text': 'liangmin', 'answer_start': 541}
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However, according to research firm NPD, sales of devices running Windows in the United States have declined 21 percent compared to the same time period in 2011. As the holiday shopping season wrapped up, Windows 8 sales continued to lag, even as Apple reported brisk sales. The market research firm IDC reported an over...
While Windows sales went up, which company experienced an decrease in sales?
{'text': 'Apple', 'answer_start': 247}
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P. Christiaan Klieger, an anthropologist and scholar of the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco, writes that the vice royalty of the Sakya regime installed by the Mongols established a patron and priest relationship between Tibetans and Mongol converts to Tibetan Buddhism. According to him, the Tibetan lama...
The Sakya regime established what kind of relationship between the Tibetans and Mongol converts?
{'text': 'patron and priest relationship', 'answer_start': 197}
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Catalan shares many traits with its neighboring Romance languages. However, despite being mostly situated in the Iberian Peninsula, Catalan differs more from Iberian Romance (such as Spanish and Portuguese) in terms of vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar than from Gallo-Romance (Occitan, French, Gallo-Italic languag...
What are these similar Latin derived languages called?
{'text': 'Gallo-Romance', 'answer_start': 268}
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Compaq, who had previously held the third place spot among PC manufacturers during the 1980s and early-mid 1990s, initiated a successful price war in 1994 that vaulted them to the biggest by the year end, overtaking a struggling IBM and relegating Apple to third place. Apple's market share further struggled due to the ...
What unified Apple's MS-DOS and Windows products?
{'text': 'Windows 95', 'answer_start': 335}
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The Tuvalu Media Department of the Government of Tuvalu operates Radio Tuvalu which broadcasts from Funafuti. In 2011 the Japanese government provided financial support to construct a new AM broadcast studio. The installation of upgraded transmission equipment allows Radio Tuvalu to be heard on all nine islands of Tuva...
What service got more bandwidth from the transmission upgrade?
{'text': 'mobile', 'answer_start': 453}
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These ongoing efforts contributed to the formation of The Football Association (The FA) in 1863, which first met on the morning of 26 October 1863 at the Freemasons' Tavern in Great Queen Street, London. The only school to be represented on this occasion was Charterhouse. The Freemason's Tavern was the setting for five...
What establishment did the Football Association have their last meeting?
{'text': "Freemasons' Tavern", 'answer_start': 154}
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Nazi Germany terminated the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact at 03:15 on 22 June 1941 by launching a massive attack on the Soviet positions in eastern Poland which marked the beginning of the invasion of the Soviet Union known as Operation Barbarossa. Stalin had ignored several warnings that Germany was likely to invade, and or...
How many Soviet prisoners did german take within the first nine months of war between the two countries?
{'text': 'three million', 'answer_start': 657}
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Studies conducted on both animals and humans show major bidirectional relationships between the circadian system and abusive drugs. It is indicated that these abusive drugs affect the central circadian pacemaker. Individuals suffering from substance abuse display disrupted rhythms. These disrupted rhythms can increase ...
What do abusive drugs effect in the circadian system?
{'text': 'circadian pacemaker', 'answer_start': 192}
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During Mubarak's presidency, Nasserist political parties began to emerge in Egypt, the first being the Arab Democratic Nasserist Party (ADNP). The party carried minor political influence, and splits between its members beginning in 1995 resulted in the gradual establishment of splinter parties, including Hamdeen Sabahi...
What type of political parties came about when Mubarek was president?
{'text': 'Nasserist', 'answer_start': 29}
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The Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany, the federal constitution, stipulates that the structure of each Federal State's government must "conform to the principles of republican, democratic, and social government, based on the rule of law" (Article 28). Most of the states are governed by a cabinet led by a Min...
What are most state legislatures called?
{'text': 'Landtag', 'answer_start': 414}
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In Lebanon, a part of the Christian population considers "Lebanese" to be in some sense a distinct language from Arabic and not merely a dialect. During the civil war Christians often used Lebanese Arabic officially, and sporadically used the Latin script to write Lebanese, thus further distinguishing it from Arabic. A...
During the Lebanese Civil War, what language did Lebanese Christians sometimes use officially?
{'text': 'Lebanese Arabic', 'answer_start': 189}
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During the Hundred Years' War, the army of the Duke of Burgundy and a force of about two hundred English soldiers occupied Paris from May 1420 until 1436. They repelled an attempt by Joan of Arc to liberate the city in 1429. A century later, during the French Wars of Religion, Paris was a stronghold of the Catholic Lea...
In what years did the English soldiers occupy Paris during the Hundred Years War?
{'text': '1420 until 1436', 'answer_start': 138}
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In 2005, fugitive Puerto Rican Nationalist leader Filiberto Ojeda Ríos died in a gun battle with FBI agents in 2005 in what some charged was an assassination.[citation needed] Puerto Rico Governor Aníbal Acevedo Vilá criticized the FBI assault as "improper" and "highly irregular" and demanded to know why his government...
What Puerto Rican governor praised the FBI assault?
{'text': 'Aníbal Acevedo Vilá', 'answer_start': 197}
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Napoleon III responded with a show of force, sending the ship of the line Charlemagne to the Black Sea. This action was a violation of the London Straits Convention.:104:19 Thus, France's show of force presented a real threat, and when combined with aggressive diplomacy and money, induced the Ottoman Sultan Abdülmecid ...
Who felt threaten by France's force and ended up signing a new treaty?
{'text': 'Sultan Abdülmecid I', 'answer_start': 302}
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People lived on the edge of the desert thousands of years ago since the last ice age. The Sahara was then a much wetter place than it is today. Over 30,000 petroglyphs of river animals such as crocodiles survive, with half found in the Tassili n'Ajjer in southeast Algeria. Fossils of dinosaurs, including Afrovenator, J...
When was the first dinosaur fossil found?
{'text': '1600 BCE', 'answer_start': 636}
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Modern biblical scholarship treats the account in the synoptic gospels as a literary creation by the author of the Mark Gospel, amended in the Luke and Matthew accounts, intended to heighten the importance of what they saw as a theologically significant event, and not intended to be taken literally. This image of darkn...
What ethnicity are these literary works mostly?
{'text': 'Jewish', 'answer_start': 596}
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By March 2011, the market share of OS X in North America had increased to slightly over 14%. Whether the size of the Mac's market share and installed base is relevant, and to whom, is a hotly debated issue. Industry pundits have often called attention to the Mac's relatively small market share to predict Apple's impend...
According to market research, who does Apple draw it's customer base from?
{'text': 'a higher-income demographic', 'answer_start': 1598}
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Annelids are members of the protostomes, one of the two major superphyla of bilaterian animals – the other is the deuterostomes, which includes vertebrates. Within the protostomes, annelids used to be grouped with arthropods under the super-group Articulata ("jointed animals"), as segmentation is obvious in most member...
What does 'Articulata' mean?
{'text': 'jointed animals', 'answer_start': 260}
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Prussia emerged from the war as a great power whose importance could no longer be challenged. Frederick the Great’s personal reputation was enormously enhanced, as his debt to fortune (Russia’s volte-face after Elizabeth’s death) and to the British subsidy were soon forgotten while the memory of his energy and his mili...
What countries were party to The First Partition of Poland?
{'text': 'a Russo-Prussian transaction, with Austria only reluctantly involved', 'answer_start': 525}
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Since 1642 (in the 13 colonies, the United States under the Articles of Confederation, and the current United States) an estimated 364 juvenile offenders have been put to death by the states and the federal government. The earliest known execution of a prisoner for crimes committed as a juvenile was Thomas Graunger in ...
How old was George Stinney when he was freed?
{'text': '14', 'answer_start': 643}
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Recent studies, as by the APG, show that the monocots form a monophyletic group (clade) but that the dicots do not (they are paraphyletic). Nevertheless, the majority of dicot species do form a monophyletic group, called the eudicots or tricolpates. Of the remaining dicot species, most belong to a third major clade kno...
How many species dicot species are magnoliids?
{'text': 'about 9,000', 'answer_start': 353}
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The console was first officially announced at E3 2005, and was released at the end of 2006. It was the first console to use Blu-ray Disc as its primary storage medium. The console was the first PlayStation to integrate social gaming services, included it being the first to introduce Sony's social gaming service, PlaySt...
What year did the Super Slim model hit stores?
{'text': '2012', 'answer_start': 752}
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All of the state frequently experiences temperatures above 100 °F (38 °C) or below 0 °F (−18 °C), though below-zero temperatures are rare in south-central and southeastern Oklahoma. Snowfall ranges from an average of less than 4 inches (10 cm) in the south to just over 20 inches (51 cm) on the border of Colorado in the...
What was Oklahoma's record high temperature?
{'text': '120 °F', 'answer_start': 570}
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Burke's religious writing comprises published works and commentary on the subject of religion. Burke's religious thought was grounded in the belief that religion is the foundation of civil society. He sharply criticised deism and atheism, and emphasised Christianity as a vehicle of social progress. Born in Ireland to a...
What did Burke think was the foundation of society?
{'text': 'religion', 'answer_start': 153}
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Waitz was influential among the British ethnologists. In 1863 the explorer Richard Francis Burton and the speech therapist James Hunt broke away from the Ethnological Society of London to form the Anthropological Society of London, which henceforward would follow the path of the new anthropology rather than just ethnol...
What field did Alfred Tylor invent?
{'text': 'cultural anthropology', 'answer_start': 726}
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Nevertheless, the Fujiwara were not demoted by Daigo but actually became stronger during his reign. Central control of Japan had continued to decline, and the Fujiwara, along with other great families and religious foundations, acquired ever larger shōen and greater wealth during the early tenth century. By the early H...
Farm laborers traded titles to shoen holders in exchange for what?
{'text': 'a share of the harvest', 'answer_start': 629}
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After the Civil War, racial segregation forced African Americans to share more of a common lot in society than they might have given widely varying ancestry, educational and economic levels. The binary division altered the separate status of the traditionally free people of color in Louisiana, for instance, although th...
What decreased the pressure for people of African descent to be claimed by the black community?
{'text': 'the rise of the Civil Rights and Black Power movements', 'answer_start': 597}
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Yale's central campus in downtown New Haven covers 260 acres (1.1 km2) and comprises its main, historic campus and a medical campus adjacent to the Yale-New Haven Hospital. In western New Haven, the university holds 500 acres (2.0 km2) of athletic facilities, including the Yale Golf Course. In 2008, Yale purchased the ...
How big is the largest forest in Yale's possession?
{'text': '7,840-acre', 'answer_start': 573}
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Most historical accounts state that the island was discovered on 21 May 1502 by the Galician navigator João da Nova sailing at the service of Portugal, and that he named it "Santa Helena" after Helena of Constantinople. Another theory holds that the island found by da Nova was actually Tristan da Cunha, 2,430 kilometre...
What date was the island discovered on?
{'text': '21 May 1502', 'answer_start': 65}
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The language has numerous regional dialects which are generally not mutually intelligible. It is employed throughout the Tibetan plateau and Bhutan and is also spoken in parts of Nepal and northern India, such as Sikkim. In general, the dialects of central Tibet (including Lhasa), Kham, Amdo and some smaller nearby are...
How many people who have fled modern-day Tibet are considered to be exile speakers of Tibetan?
{'text': 'approximately 150,000', 'answer_start': 724}
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Many large airports are located near railway trunk routes for seamless connection of multimodal transport, for instance Frankfurt Airport, Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, London Heathrow Airport, London Gatwick Airport and London Stansted Airport. It is also common to connect an airport and a city with rapid transit, light...
What is an example of an arrival loop?
{'text': 'the AirTrain JFK at John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York', 'answer_start': 412}
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These statistics point to the complexities surrounding the lack of health/nutrition literacy and reveal the degree to which they are embedded in the social structure and interconnected with other problems. Among these problems are the lack of information about food choices, a lack of understanding of nutritional inform...
What was found to be limited or at least difficult to get access to in the studied region?
{'text': 'healthful foods', 'answer_start': 406}
54,312
53,970
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During most of the war, the UN navies patrolled the west and east coasts of North Korea, sinking supply and ammunition ships and denying the North Koreans the ability to resupply from the sea. Aside from very occasional gunfire from North Korean shore batteries, the main threat to United States and UN navy ships was fr...
What weapon posed a significant threat to US navy ships?
{'text': 'magnetic mines', 'answer_start': 323}
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The decade began with the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880, held in the large purpose-built Exhibition Building. In 1880 a telephone exchange was established and in the same year the foundations of St Paul's, were laid; in 1881 electric light was installed in the Eastern Market, and in the following year a ge...
In what year was a telephone exchange established in Melbourne?
{'text': '1880', 'answer_start': 126}
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Instead, he argues, this development has been artificially frozen in an "intermediate" state by the standardisation of Dutch pronunciation in the 16th century, where lowered diphthongs found in rural dialects were perceived as ugly by the educated classes and accordingly declared substandard. Now, however, in his opini...
What distinct kind of British English does Stroop say has a similar function to Polder Dutch?
{'text': 'Estuary English', 'answer_start': 540}
79,003
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As heirs of the Dominican priory of Poissy in France, the Dartford sisters were also heirs to a tradition of profound learning and piety. Sections of translations of spiritual writings in Dartford's library, such as Suso's Little Book of Eternal Wisdom and Laurent du Bois' Somme le Roi, show that the "ghoostli" link to...
What country in Asia was the priory of Poissy located?
{'text': 'France', 'answer_start': 46}
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In 1928, Nasser went to Alexandria to live with his maternal grandfather and attend the city's Attarin elementary school. He left in 1929 for a private boarding school in Helwan, and later returned to Alexandria to enter the Ras el-Tin secondary school and to join his father, who was working for the city's postal servi...
What secondary school did Nasser attend?
{'text': 'Ras el-Tin', 'answer_start': 225}
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17,516
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The Boston Red Sox, a founding member of the American League of Major League Baseball in 1901, play their home games at Fenway Park, near Kenmore Square in the city's Fenway section. Built in 1912, it is the oldest sports arena or stadium in active use in the United States among the four major professional American spo...
What was the name of Bostons first baseball team?
{'text': 'Red Stockings', 'answer_start': 798}
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During the revival, in 1809 linguist and historian Josef Dobrovský released a German-language grammar of Old Czech entitled Ausführliches Lehrgebäude der böhmischen Sprache (Comprehensive Doctrine of the Bohemian Language). Dobrovský had intended his book to be descriptive, and did not think Czech had a realistic chanc...
What kind of revival was called for by Josef Dobrovsky?
{'text': 'a Czech linguistic revival', 'answer_start': 440}
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During the Cambrian period, Gondwana had a mild climate. West Antarctica was partially in the Northern Hemisphere, and during this period large amounts of sandstones, limestones and shales were deposited. East Antarctica was at the equator, where sea floor invertebrates and trilobites flourished in the tropical seas. B...
What was the climate of Gondwana at the beginning of the Devonian period?
{'text': 'cooler', 'answer_start': 425}
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In the 20th century, new types of glass such as laminated glass, reinforced glass and glass bricks have increased the use of glass as a building material and resulted in new applications of glass. Multi-storey buildings are frequently constructed with curtain walls made almost entirely of glass. Similarly, laminated gl...
When did eyeglasses originate?
{'text': 'late Middle Ages', 'answer_start': 583}
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The Early Triassic was between 250 million to 247 million years ago and was dominated by deserts as Pangaea had not yet broken up, thus the interior was nothing but arid. The Earth had just witnessed a massive die-off in which 95% of all life went extinct. The most common life on earth were Lystrosaurus, Labyrinthodont...
What species had evolved after the extinction and would become the basic predator in the Triassic?
{'text': 'Temnospondyli', 'answer_start': 410}
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Though known since antiquity the commercial growing of cotton in Egypt only started in 1820's, following a Frenchman, by the name of M. Jumel, propositioning the then ruler, Mohamed Ali Pasha, that he could earn a substantial income by growing an extra-long staple Maho (Barbadence) cotton, in Lower Egypt, for the Frenc...
Who was ruler of Egypt in the 1820s?
{'text': 'Mohamed Ali Pasha', 'answer_start': 330}
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Epigenetic changes in eukaryotic biology serve to regulate the process of cellular differentiation. During morphogenesis, totipotent stem cells become the various pluripotent cell lines of the embryo, which in turn become fully differentiated cells. A single fertilized egg cell, the zygote, gives rise to the many diffe...
What process causes changes in plant cells?
{'text': 'Epigenetic changes', 'answer_start': 0}
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Although Kammu had abandoned universal conscription in 792, he still waged major military offensives to subjugate the Emishi, possible descendants of the displaced Jōmon, living in northern and eastern Japan. After making temporary gains in 794, in 797 Kammu appointed a new commander, Sakanoue no Tamuramaro, under the ...
Who did the Emishi defeat in 801?
{'text': 'Sei-i Taishōgun', 'answer_start': 326}
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On November 6, 2006, Microsoft announced the Xbox Video Marketplace, an exclusive video store accessible through the console. Launched in the United States on November 22, 2006, the first anniversary of the Xbox 360's launch, the service allows users in the United States to download high-definition and standard-definit...
What is the bitrate for the streamed short clips?
{'text': '6.8 Mbit/s', 'answer_start': 875}
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According to the 2010 Census, 89.4 percent of the population was White (87.8 percent Non-Hispanic White), 6.3 percent American Indian and Alaska Native, 2.9 percent Hispanics and Latinos of any race, 0.6 percent Asian, 0.4 percent Black or African American, 0.1 percent Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, 0.6 pe...
What percent of the state is White?
{'text': '89.4 percent', 'answer_start': 30}
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The Quine-Duhem thesis argues that it's impossible to test a single hypothesis on its own, since each one comes as part of an environment of theories. Thus we can only say that the whole package of relevant theories has been collectively falsified, but cannot conclusively say which element of the package must be replac...
When was the theory that there are eight planets in the solar system rejected?
{'text': "when the motion of Uranus was found not to match the predictions of Newton's laws", 'answer_start': 392}
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This technique was very expensive, though, and could not be used for applications such as telemedicine, distance education, and business meetings. Attempts at using normal telephony networks to transmit slow-scan video, such as the first systems developed by AT&T Corporation, first researched in the 1950s, failed mostl...
What was the bit rate of AT&T's Picturephone?
{'text': '6 Mbit/s', 'answer_start': 442}
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Weeks after ending the Sex Pistols, Lydon formed the experimental group Public Image Ltd and declared the project to be "anti music of any kind". Public Image and other acts such as the Pop Group and the Slits had begun experimenting with dance music, dub production techniques and the avant-garde, while punk-indebted M...
What the public image declare their music to be?
{'text': '"anti music of any kind"', 'answer_start': 120}
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In the following century Ravenna, the capital of the Western Roman Empire, became the center of late Roman mosaic art (see details in Ravenna section). Milan also served as the capital of the western empire in the 4th century. In the St Aquilinus Chapel of the Basilica of San Lorenzo, mosaics executed in the late 4th a...
What is the name of the mosaic in the Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio?
{'text': 'apse', 'answer_start': 547}