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26,086 | 25,744 | 56f8e9289b226e1400dd11b1 | generic | Until about 1855 the words near east and far east did not refer to any particular region. The far East, a phrase containing a noun, East, qualified by an adjective, far, could be at any location in the "far east" of the speaker's home territory. The Ottoman Empire, for example, was the far East as much as the East Indi... | What brought a change in vocabulary? | {'text': 'The Crimean War', 'answer_start': 324} |
55,690 | 55,348 | 57266a2c5951b619008f7204 | generic | Outstanding debts were also agreed and the company permitted to export 250 tons of saltpetre. Again in 1673, Banks successfully negotiated another contract for 700 tons of saltpetre at £37,000 between the king and the company. So urgent was the need to supply the armed forces in the United Kingdom, America and elsewher... | in what year did Banks negotiate between the king and the East india company for 700 tons of saltpetre? | {'text': '1673', 'answer_start': 103} |
44,789 | 44,447 | 57100800b654c5140001f764 | generic | In 2012, the Pan American Health Organization (the North and South American branch of the World Health Organization) released a statement cautioning against services that purport to "cure" people with non-heterosexual sexual orientations as they lack medical justification and represent a serious threat to the health an... | What did the Pan American Health Organization reccomend for those who used treatment to stop homosexuality? | {'text': 'that such malpractices be denounced and subject to sanctions and penalties under national legislation,', 'answer_start': 1098} |
28,308 | 27,966 | 56fb942cb28b3419009f1e53 | generic | In agriculture, the increased usage of sheep with long-fibred wool allowed a stronger thread to be spun. In addition, the spinning wheel replaced the traditional distaff for spinning wool, tripling production.[AI] A less technological refinement that still greatly affected daily life was the use of buttons as closures ... | What invention replaced laces on clothing? | {'text': 'buttons', 'answer_start': 300} |
76,021 | 75,679 | 57278e79f1498d1400e8fc0c | generic | The book was widely translated in Darwin's lifetime, but problems arose with translating concepts and metaphors, and some translations were biased by the translator's own agenda. Darwin distributed presentation copies in France and Germany, hoping that suitable applicants would come forward, as translators were expecte... | Why was Darwin unhappy with the first French translation of On the Origins of Species? | {'text': 'numerous explanatory notes giving her own answers to doubts that Darwin expressed', 'answer_start': 1350} |
19,595 | 19,253 | 5a78bef6b73996001af5b02a | generic | RIBA Enterprises is the commercial arm of RIBA, with a registered office in Newcastle upon Tyne, a base at 15 Bonhill Street in London, and an office in Newark. It employs over 250 staff, approximately 180 of whom are based in Newcastle. | How many of RIBA Enterprises' staff are not located at the Newcastle office? | {'text': '180', 'answer_start': 202} |
3,630 | 3,288 | 56cecdf0aab44d1400b88a95 | generic | Following the earthquake, donations were made by people from all over mainland China, with booths set up in schools, at banks, and around gas stations. People also donated blood, resulting in according to Xinhua long line-ups in most major Chinese cities. Many donated through text messaging on mobile phones to accounts... | What companies received the money? | {'text': 'China Unicom and China Mobile', 'answer_start': 331} |
1,708 | 1,366 | 56cff351234ae51400d9c14d | generic | Chopin's mazurkas and waltzes are all in straightforward ternary or episodic form, sometimes with a coda. The mazurkas often show more folk features than many of his other works, sometimes including modal scales and harmonies and the use of drone basses. However, some also show unusual sophistication, for example Op. 6... | Chopin's mazurkas contain more of what than his other compositions? | {'text': 'folk features', 'answer_start': 135} |
26,421 | 26,079 | 5acfbdaa77cf76001a685bc5 | generic | Zhejiang consists mostly of hills, which account for about 70% of its total area. Altitudes tend to be the highest to the south and west and the highest peak of the province, Huangmaojian Peak (1,929 meters or 6,329 feet), is located there. Other prominent mountains include Mounts Yandang, Tianmu, Tiantai, and Mogan, w... | What percent of Zhejiang is flat? | {'text': '70%', 'answer_start': 59} |
24,842 | 24,500 | 56f8960c9b226e1400dd0c56 | generic | Glaciers pick up rocks and sediment with them as they flow. This causes erosion and the formation of valleys over time. The Inn valley is an example of a valley carved by glaciers during the ice ages with a typical terraced structure caused by erosion. Eroded rocks from the most recent ice age lie at the bottom of the ... | What are Moraines? | {'text': 'piles of rock picked up during the movement of the glacier', 'answer_start': 579} |
1,140 | 798 | 56ce0f42aab44d1400b88422 | generic | All of Chopin's compositions include the piano. Most are for solo piano, though he also wrote two piano concertos, a few chamber pieces, and some songs to Polish lyrics. His keyboard style is highly individual and often technically demanding; his own performances were noted for their nuance and sensitivity. Chopin inve... | Chopin wrote some music to lyrics, what language were the lyrics? | {'text': 'Polish', 'answer_start': 155} |
117,850 | 117,508 | 5730e152aca1c71400fe5b36 | generic | Tuvalu participates in the operations of the Pacific Island Forum Fisheries Agency (FFA) and the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC). The Tuvaluan government, the US government, and the governments of other Pacific islands, are parties to the South Pacific Tuna Treaty (SPTT), which entered into for... | Of what did Tuvalu agree to the extension ? | {'text': 'Multilateral Fisheries Treaty', 'answer_start': 615} |
38,975 | 38,633 | 5ad3ad33604f3c001a3febf2 | generic | FBI records show that 85% of COINTELPRO resources targeted groups and individuals that the FBI deemed "subversive", including communist and socialist organizations; organizations and individuals associated with the Civil Rights Movement, including Martin Luther King, Jr. and others associated with the Southern Christia... | What group did the FBI not target? | {'text': 'Ku Klux Klan', 'answer_start': 1177} |
75,774 | 75,432 | 5a3be161cc5d22001a521bef | generic | Nevertheless, the Fujiwara were not demoted by Daigo but actually became stronger during his reign. Central control of Japan had continued to decline, and the Fujiwara, along with other great families and religious foundations, acquired ever larger shōen and greater wealth during the early tenth century. By the early H... | What reform moved control of people and land from the central government? | {'text': 'Taika Reform', 'answer_start': 768} |
118,418 | 118,076 | 5730f902a5e9cc1400cdbb5f | generic | Namibia is one of few countries in the world to specifically address conservation and protection of natural resources in its constitution. Article 95 states, "The State shall actively promote and maintain the welfare of the people by adopting international policies aimed at the following: maintenance of ecosystems, ess... | What do Namibians believe sustains them? | {'text': 'utilisation of living natural resources', 'answer_start': 390} |
92,021 | 91,679 | 572903876aef05140015499c | generic | In addition, the Paris region is served by a light rail network of nine lines, the tramway: Line T1 runs from Asnières-Gennevilliers to Noisy-le-Sec, line T2 runs from Pont de Bezons to Porte de Versailles, line T3a runs from Pont du Garigliano to Porte de Vincennes, line T3b runs from Porte de Vincennes to Porte de la... | How many lines are in the rail network? | {'text': 'nine', 'answer_start': 67} |
108,707 | 108,365 | 572fa6e204bcaa1900d76b43 | generic | Hyderabad has continued with these traditions in its annual Hyderabad Literary Festival, held since 2010, showcasing the city's literary and cultural creativity. Organisations engaged in the advancement of literature include the Sahitya Akademi, the Urdu Academy, the Telugu Academy, the National Council for Promotion o... | What is the name of the largest public library in Hyderabad? | {'text': 'State Central Library', 'answer_start': 493} |
35,428 | 35,086 | 5acd7e8407355d001abf4463 | generic | Since the early 1950s on conventional carriers it has been the practice to recover aircraft at an angle to port of the axial line of the ship. The primary function of this angled deck is to allow aircraft that miss the arresting wires, referred to as a bolter, to become airborne again without the risk of hitting aircra... | What risk is added by aircraft by using an angled deck? | {'text': 'hitting aircraft parked forward', 'answer_start': 306} |
90,768 | 90,426 | 5ad21357d7d075001a42833c | generic | Phil Skinner played a key role in 20th century development of the mandolin movement in Australia, and was awarded an MBE in 1979 for services to music and the community. He was born Harry Skinner in Sydney in 1903 and started learning music at age 10 when his uncle tutored him on the banjo. Skinner began teaching part-... | Who played a key role African mandolin movement? | {'text': 'Phil Skinner', 'answer_start': 0} |
80,388 | 80,046 | 5a51481fce860b001aa3fcb0 | generic | The Yangtze River and its tributaries flows through the mountains of western Sichuan and the Sichuan Basin; thus, the province is upstream of the great cities that stand along the Yangtze River further to the east, such as Chongqing, Wuhan, Nanjing and Shanghai. One of the major tributaries of the Yangtze within the pr... | The Yangtze is a trubutary of what river? | {'text': 'Min', 'answer_start': 334} |
1,307 | 965 | 56cbef3a6d243a140015ee00 | generic | Chopin's successes as a composer and performer opened the door to western Europe for him, and on 2 November 1830, he set out, in the words of Zdzisław Jachimecki, "into the wide world, with no very clearly defined aim, forever." With Woyciechowski, he headed for Austria, intending to go on to Italy. Later that month, i... | What historian commented that the events involving Frédéric's friend in Poland contributed to his maturing? | {'text': 'Zdzisław Jachimecki', 'answer_start': 142} |
18,951 | 18,609 | 56e76bdd00c9c71400d77107 | generic | With increasing environmental concerns about synthetic coatings (such as PFOA) and the higher prices of hydrocarbon based petrochemicals, there is a focus on zein (corn protein) as a coating for paper in high grease applications such as popcorn bags. | PFOA is what type of coating? | {'text': 'synthetic', 'answer_start': 45} |
114,516 | 114,174 | 5a79ecea17ab25001a8a01e0 | generic | After the World Cup, the most important international football competitions are the continental championships, which are organised by each continental confederation and contested between national teams. These are the European Championship (UEFA), the Copa América (CONMEBOL), African Cup of Nations (CAF), the Asian Cup ... | What does UEFA Stand against? | {'text': 'the European Championship', 'answer_start': 213} |
58,342 | 58,000 | 5acecc8432bba1001ae4b477 | generic | In literature and journalism, BYU has produced several best-selling authors, including Orson Scott Card '75, Brandon Sanderson '00 & '05, Ben English '98, and Stephenie Meyer '95. BYU also graduated American activist and contributor for ABC News Elizabeth Smart-Gilmour. Other media personalities include former CBS News... | What is Ken Dutcher considered to be? | {'text': 'Father of Mormon Cinema.', 'answer_start': 800} |
77,988 | 77,646 | 5a5e50095bc9f4001a75aec9 | generic | Vaiśeṣika metaphysical premises are founded on a form of atomism, that the reality is composed of four substances (earth, water, air, fire). Each of these four are of two types: atomic (paramāṇu) and composite. An atom is, according to Vaiśeṣika scholars, that which is indestructible (anitya), indivisible, and has a sp... | What are atoms divided into? | {'text': 'composite', 'answer_start': 200} |
84,754 | 84,412 | 572806953acd2414000df288 | generic | On 25 May 1963, the pope suffered another haemorrhage and required several blood transfusions, but the cancer had perforated the stomach wall and peritonitis soon set in. The doctors conferred in a decision regarding this matter and John XXIII's aide Loris F. Capovilla broke the news to him saying that the cancer had d... | Who broke the news to John XXIII about his cancer? | {'text': 'Loris F. Capovilla', 'answer_start': 251} |
105,209 | 104,867 | 57303a86a23a5019007fcfc1 | generic | Probably the most devastating strike occurred on the evening of 29 December, when German aircraft attacked the City of London itself with incendiary and high explosive bombs, causing a firestorm that has been called the Second Great Fire of London. The first group to use these incendiaries was Kampfgruppe 100 which des... | The Luftwaffe dropped how many short tons of bombs? | {'text': '18,291 short tons', 'answer_start': 653} |
44,695 | 44,353 | 570ff84db654c5140001f705 | generic | Gay and lesbian people can have sexual relationships with someone of the opposite sex for a variety of reasons, including the desire for a perceived traditional family and concerns of discrimination and religious ostracism. While some LGBT people hide their respective orientations from their spouses, others develop pos... | What kind of hardships can a homosexual face when admitting their ssexuality while in a heterosexual marriage? | {'text': 'Coming out of the closet to oneself, a spouse of the opposite sex, and children', 'answer_start': 406} |
46,840 | 46,498 | 5aceb92632bba1001ae4b1bf | generic | When Emperor Constantine I died, Athanasius was allowed to return to his See of Alexandria. Shortly thereafter, however, Constantine's son, the new Roman Emperor Constantius II, renewed the order for Athanasius's banishment in 338. Athanasius went to Rome, where he was under the protection of Constans, the Emperor of t... | At what point could Athanasius leave Alexandria? | {'text': 'When Emperor Constantine I died', 'answer_start': 0} |
74,965 | 74,623 | 5727a6bf2ca10214002d92e8 | generic | During the celebration, theaters called tablados are built in many places throughout the cities, especially in Montevideo. Traditionally formed by men and now starting to be open to women, the different Carnival groups (Murgas, Lubolos or Parodistas) perform a kind of popular opera at the tablados, singing and dancing ... | What sort of touch do the vedettes provide to the parades? | {'text': 'sensual', 'answer_start': 634} |
100,455 | 100,113 | 5acd809c07355d001abf449b | generic | Research into LCPS (low cost private schools) found that over 5 years to July 2013, debate around LCPSs to achieving Education for All (EFA) objectives was polarised and finding growing coverage in international policy. The polarisation was due to disputes around whether the schools are affordable for the poor, reach d... | What was the reason for the polarisation for non-affordable schooling? | {'text': 'disputes around whether the schools are affordable for the poor', 'answer_start': 248} |
57,169 | 56,827 | 57269bdadd62a815002e8b00 | generic | The initial military maneuvers began in September 1806. In a notable letter to Marshal Soult detailing the plan for the campaign, Napoleon described the essential features of Napoleonic warfare and introduced the phrase le bataillon-carré ('square battalion'). In the bataillon-carré system, the various corps of the Gra... | To whom did Napoleon send a letter detailing his plans for the campaign with Prussia? | {'text': 'Marshal Soult', 'answer_start': 79} |
20,219 | 19,877 | 5acf4ce277cf76001a684b5b | generic | The University of Kansas School of Architecture, Design, and Planning (SADP), with its main building being Marvin Hall, traces its architectural roots to the creation of the architectural engineering degree program in KU's School of Engineering in 1912. The Bachelor of Architecture degree was added in 1920. In 1969, th... | Where is the SDAP housed? | {'text': 'Marvin Hall', 'answer_start': 107} |
85,090 | 84,748 | 5a812b0331013a001a334bb5 | generic | Einstein showed in his thought experiments that people travelling at different speeds, while agreeing on cause and effect, measure different time separations between events, and can even observe different chronological orderings between non-causally related events. Though these effects are typically minute in the human... | Who showed, in his thought experiments, that people traveling at different speeds measured light differently? | {'text': 'Einstein', 'answer_start': 0} |
55,568 | 55,226 | 5726240738643c19005ad079 | generic | This time they succeeded, and on 31 December 1600, the Queen granted a Royal Charter to "George, Earl of Cumberland, and 215 Knights, Aldermen, and Burgesses" under the name, Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading with the East Indies. For a period of fifteen years the charter awarded the newly formed comp... | Who led the third voyage? | {'text': 'General William Keeling', 'answer_start': 593} |
39,420 | 39,078 | 570c4b18b3d812140066d089 | generic | Ephesus is a cultic centre of Mary, the site of the first Church dedicated to her and the rumoured place of her death. Ephesus was previously a centre for worship of Artemis a virgin goddess. The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus being regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World The cult of Mary was furthered ... | Where is the site of the first Church dedicated to Mary? | {'text': 'Ephesus', 'answer_start': 0} |
63,922 | 63,580 | 5ad3d685604f3c001a3ff305 | generic | Slack (2003) compares three groups that conducted biological research at Yale during overlapping periods between 1910 and 1970. Yale proved important as a site for this research. The leaders of these groups were Ross Granville Harrison, Grace E. Pickford, and G. Evelyn Hutchinson, and their members included both gradua... | What was Pickford's group lacking to make it less like other research schools? | {'text': 'departmental or institutional position or power', 'answer_start': 683} |
13,283 | 12,941 | 56df58d38bc80c19004e4ae9 | generic | In the 2000 Census Oklahoma City's age composition was 25.5% under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 30.8% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 11.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 95.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.7 m... | What was Oklahoma cities median age in 2000? | {'text': '34', 'answer_start': 209} |
26,762 | 26,420 | 5a56d3866349e2001acdcf73 | generic | The Ministry of Defence is one of the United Kingdom's largest landowners, owning 227,300 hectares of land and foreshore (either freehold or leasehold) at April 2014, which was valued at "about £20 billion". The MoD also has "rights of access" to a further 222,000 hectares. In total, this is about 1.8% of the UK land m... | How much of the population of the UK has rights of access? | {'text': '1.8%', 'answer_start': 299} |
64,353 | 64,011 | 5ad0200577cf76001a686ade | generic | Avignon was the seat of the papacy from 1309 to 1376. With the return of the Pope to Rome in 1378, the Papal State developed into a major secular power, culminating in the morally corrupt papacy of Alexander VI. Florence grew to prominence amongst the Italian city-states through financial business, and the dominant Med... | What 13th century conflict resulted in the division of southern Italy into two kingdoms? | {'text': 'The War of the Sicilian Vespers', 'answer_start': 540} |
58,478 | 58,136 | 5ad0a9f5645df0001a2d0005 | generic | Although there were a number of department stores in Australia for much of the 20th Century, including chains such as Grace Bros. and Waltons, many disappeared during the 1980s and 1990s. Today Myer and David Jones, located nationally, are practically the national department stores duopoly in Australia. When Russian-bo... | What type of hardware stores are Myer and David Jones? | {'text': 'up-market chains', 'answer_start': 621} |
37,772 | 37,430 | 5a07ea473fc874001820704d | generic | IR data transmission is also employed in short-range communication among computer peripherals and personal digital assistants. These devices usually conform to standards published by IrDA, the Infrared Data Association. Remote controls and IrDA devices use infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to emit infrared radiatio... | What devices use IR data transmission in short range communication to command appliances? | {'text': 'computer peripherals and personal digital assistants', 'answer_start': 73} |
55,778 | 55,436 | 57267e115951b619008f749d | generic | The aggressive policies of Lord Wellesley and the Marquis of Hastings led to the Company gaining control of all India (except for the Punjab and Sindh), and some part of the then kingdom of Nepal under the Sugauli Treaty. The Indian Princes had become vassals of the Company. But the expense of wars leading to the total... | in the past the deals under the crown strained the finances of EIC now as they expained throughout India what was the biggest strain on their finances | {'text': 'the expense of wars', 'answer_start': 280} |
81,532 | 81,190 | 5728d7e22ca10214002da940 | generic | Close to Richmond Park is Kew Gardens which has the world's largest collection of living plants. In 2003, the gardens were put on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. There are also numerous parks administered by London's borough Councils, including Victoria Park in the East End and Battersea Park in the centre. So... | What entity oversees both Hampstead Heath of North London and Epping Forest? | {'text': 'the City of London Corporation', 'answer_start': 545} |
25,879 | 25,537 | 56f8cddd9e9bad19000a0542 | generic | The brains of humans and other primates contain the same structures as the brains of other mammals, but are generally larger in proportion to body size. The most widely accepted way of comparing brain sizes across species is the so-called encephalization quotient (EQ), which takes into account the nonlinearity of the b... | Comparing brain sizes among different creatures is used most commonly by what? | {'text': 'encephalization quotient (EQ)', 'answer_start': 239} |
30,654 | 30,312 | 5ad28fb0d7d075001a429a7b | generic | Back in America the scene had still not progressed beyond a small number of clubs in Chicago, Detroit, Newark and New York City. However, many independent Chicago-based record labels were making appearances on the Dance Chart with their releases. In the UK, any house song released by a Chicago-based label was routinely... | What new influences led to a new bass sound? | {'text': 'hip-hop influences', 'answer_start': 649} |
99,931 | 99,589 | 572b7822f75d5e190021fdec | generic | In addition, Hegel does believe we can know the structure of God's mind, or ultimate reality. Hegel agrees with Kierkegaard that both reality and humans are incomplete, inasmuch as we are in time, and reality develops through time. But the relation between time and eternity is outside time and this is the "logical stru... | What sort of reality did Hegel perceive God's mind to be? | {'text': 'ultimate', 'answer_start': 76} |
85,376 | 85,034 | 57281f5d4b864d19001644de | generic | On the other hand, certain financial techniques can reduce the impact of such purchases on the currency. One is sterilisation, in which highly valued assets are sold at the same time that the weaker assets are purchased, which keeps the money supply neutral. Another technique is simply to accept the bad assets as long-... | How can weaker states improve the surface value of their assets? | {'text': 'adjustments in taxation and expenditure in the economies', 'answer_start': 459} |
75,250 | 74,908 | 57277c3a708984140094deee | generic | Children working at a young age has been a consistent theme throughout Africa. Many children began first working in the home to help their parents run the family farm. Children in Africa today are often forced into exploitative labour due to family debt and other financial factors, leading to ongoing poverty. Other typ... | What do African children do primarily while working at home? | {'text': 'help their parents run the family farm', 'answer_start': 128} |
119,619 | 119,277 | 5731173ce6313a140071cc2c | generic | Since the end of the World Wars, the term "great power" has been joined by a number of other power classifications. Foremost among these is the concept of the superpower, used to describe those nations with overwhelming power and influence in the rest of the world. It was first coined in 1944 by William T.R. Fox and ac... | Who were the three original superpowers? | {'text': 'British Empire, the United States, and the Soviet Union', 'answer_start': 370} |
358 | 16 | 56be86cf3aeaaa14008c9078 | generic | Following the disbandment of Destiny's Child in June 2005, she released her second solo album, B'Day (2006), which contained hits "Déjà Vu", "Irreplaceable", and "Beautiful Liar". Beyoncé also ventured into acting, with a Golden Globe-nominated performance in Dreamgirls (2006), and starring roles in The Pink Panther (2... | Which artist did Beyonce marry? | {'text': 'Jay Z', 'answer_start': 369} |
138 | 138 | 138427 | pubqa | An increased number of suspected outbreaks of gastroenteritis linked to bathing water were reported to the Finnish food- and waterborne outbreak (FWO) registry in July and August 2014. The investigation reports were assessed by a national outbreak investigation panel. Eight confirmed outbreaks were identified among... | What are the pathogens?
| {'answer_id': 273716, 'document_id': 445540, 'question_id': 138427, 'text': 'faecal indicator bacteria', 'answer_start': 955, 'answer_category': 'SHORT'} |
74,027 | 73,685 | 57276f39f1498d1400e8f809 | generic | The city is drained by three rivers; the West, Mill, and Quinnipiac, named in order from west to east. The West River discharges into West Haven Harbor, while the Mill and Quinnipiac rivers discharge into New Haven Harbor. Both harbors are embayments of Long Island Sound. In addition, several smaller streams flow throu... | Which New Haven river releases into West Haven Harbor? | {'text': 'West River', 'answer_start': 107} |
91,668 | 91,326 | 572947453f37b319004781fc | generic | As another example, she points to work by Thomas et al., who sought to distinguish between the Y chromosomes of Jewish priests (Kohanim), (in Judaism, membership in the priesthood is passed on through the father's line) and the Y chromosomes of non-Jews. Abu el-Haj concluded that this new "race science" calls attention... | What is fundamentally different from older notions of race? | {'text': 'race science', 'answer_start': 533} |
62,443 | 62,101 | 5acebef832bba1001ae4b293 | generic | Throughout history, many rulers, empires and nations have oppressed their Jewish populations or sought to eliminate them entirely. Methods employed ranged from expulsion to outright genocide; within nations, often the threat of these extreme methods was sufficient to silence dissent. The history of antisemitism include... | What percent of the historical Iberian population has Sephardic Jewish ancestry? | {'text': '19.8', 'answer_start': 843} |
82,302 | 81,960 | 5727c5984b864d1900163cde | generic | The history of a unified Tibet begins with the rule of Songtsän Gampo (604–650 CE), who united parts of the Yarlung River Valley and founded the Tibetan Empire. He also brought in many reforms, and Tibetan power spread rapidly, creating a large and powerful empire. It is traditionally considered that his first wife was... | Who founded the Tibetan Empire? | {'text': 'Songtsän Gampo', 'answer_start': 55} |
43,949 | 43,607 | 570e53ae0b85d914000d7e46 | generic | Uranium-238 is the most stable isotope of uranium, with a half-life of about 4.468×109 years, roughly the age of the Earth. Uranium-235 has a half-life of about 7.13×108 years, and uranium-234 has a half-life of about 2.48×105 years. For natural uranium, about 49% of its alpha rays are emitted by each of 238U atom, and... | What fraction of the Earth's uranium was uranium-235 during the Earth's youth? | {'text': 'one-fifth', 'answer_start': 460} |
340 | 340 | 138461 | pubqa | This study describes two drinking water outbreaks in Finland in 2016 (outbreak I) and 2018 (outbreak II). Both outbreaks caused approximately 450 illness cases and were due to drinking water pipe breakage and subsequent wastewater intrusion into the distribution system. In both outbreaks, the sapovirus was found in pat... | How many cases were there? | {'answer_id': 275040, 'document_id': 450707, 'question_id': 138461, 'text': '458', 'answer_start': 1882, 'answer_category': 'SHORT'} |
70,393 | 70,051 | 572942ed3f37b319004781c3 | generic | The first notable, and historically important, book credited to a Bermudian was The History of Mary Prince, a slave narrative by Mary Prince. It is thought to have contributed to the abolition of slavery in the British Empire. Ernest Graham Ingham, an expatriate author, published his books at the turn of the 19th and 2... | The majority of books published by local authors were of what nature? | {'text': 'scholarly', 'answer_start': 499} |
56,882 | 56,540 | 5726b9e3f1498d1400e8e908 | generic | During the 20th century, many artists immigrated to Mexico City from different regions of Mexico, such as Leopoldo Méndez, an engraver from Veracruz, who supported the creation of the socialist Taller de la Gráfica Popular (Popular Graphics Workshop), designed to help blue-collar workers find a venue to express their a... | What nationality was Remedios Varas? | {'text': 'Catalan', 'answer_start': 365} |
116,127 | 115,785 | 5ad4a079ba00c4001a268e4d | generic | However, according to research firm NPD, sales of devices running Windows in the United States have declined 21 percent compared to the same time period in 2011. As the holiday shopping season wrapped up, Windows 8 sales continued to lag, even as Apple reported brisk sales. The market research firm IDC reported an over... | What isn't IDC? | {'text': 'market research firm', 'answer_start': 279} |
9,569 | 9,227 | 5ad3e571604f3c001a3ff59a | generic | The first overseas deployment of Canadian military forces occurred during the Second Boer War, when several units were raised to serve under British command. Similarly, when the United Kingdom entered into conflict with Germany in the First World War, Canadian troops were called to participate in European theatres. The... | What other European war were the Canadian Forces not involved in? | {'text': 'Second World War,', 'answer_start': 388} |
112,169 | 111,827 | 572fcc0f04bcaa1900d76d48 | generic | The first Roman republican wars were wars of both expansion and defence, aimed at protecting Rome itself from neighbouring cities and nations and establishing its territory in the region. Initially, Rome's immediate neighbours were either Latin towns and villages, or else tribal Sabines from the Apennine hills beyond. ... | What year did the Battle of Lake Regillus take place? | {'text': '496 BC', 'answer_start': 541} |
64,386 | 64,044 | 5727367d708984140094dafd | generic | Up until the mid-14th century, Europe had experienced steadily increasing urbanisation. Cities were also decimated by the Black Death, but the role of urban areas as centres of learning, commerce and government ensured continued growth. By 1500, Venice, Milan, Naples, Paris and Constantinople each probably had more tha... | Which European cities likely had populations greater than 100,000 in 1500? | {'text': 'Venice, Milan, Naples, Paris and Constantinople', 'answer_start': 246} |
50,098 | 49,756 | 5ad17959645df0001a2d1db6 | generic | In 1870, republican sentiment in Britain, fed by the Queen's seclusion, was boosted after the establishment of the Third French Republic. A republican rally in Trafalgar Square demanded Victoria's removal, and Radical MPs spoke against her. In August and September 1871, she was seriously ill with an abscess in her arm,... | Who spoke in support of Victoria at the rally in Trafalgar Square? | {'text': 'Radical MPs', 'answer_start': 210} |
76,118 | 75,776 | 5727ce204b864d1900163d8b | generic | Evolution had less obvious applications to anatomy and morphology, and at first had little impact on the research of the anatomist Thomas Henry Huxley. Despite this, Huxley strongly supported Darwin on evolution; though he called for experiments to show whether natural selection could form new species, and questioned i... | What did the morphologist Ernst Haeckel convince Huxley of about comparative anatomy and paleontology? | {'text': 'that comparative anatomy and palaeontology could be used to reconstruct evolutionary genealogies', 'answer_start': 1027} |
5,498 | 5,156 | 56d0d6db17492d1400aab662 | generic | Buddhism /ˈbudɪzəm/ is a nontheistic religion[note 1] or philosophy (Sanskrit: धर्म dharma; Pali: धम्म dhamma) that encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on teachings attributed to Gautama Buddha, commonly known as the Buddha ("the awakened one"). According to Buddhist tradi... | Who's teachings is Buddhism based upon? | {'text': 'Gautama Buddha', 'answer_start': 226} |
86,836 | 86,494 | 57281407ff5b5019007d9ca6 | generic | Two groups G and H are called isomorphic if there exist group homomorphisms a: G → H and b: H → G, such that applying the two functions one after another in each of the two possible orders gives the identity functions of G and H. That is, a(b(h)) = h and b(a(g)) = g for any g in G and h in H. From an abstract point of ... | What are two groups called if they include homomorphisms? | {'text': 'isomorphic', 'answer_start': 30} |
8,556 | 8,214 | 56dd243f66d3e219004dac0c | generic | The monarchs of England and the United Kingdom had ministers in whom they placed special trust and who were regarded as the head of the government. Examples were Thomas Cromwell under Henry VIII; William Cecil, Lord Burghley under Elizabeth I; Clarendon under Charles II and Godolphin under Queen Anne. These ministers h... | Who served as the head minister under Charles II? | {'text': 'Clarendon', 'answer_start': 244} |
76,449 | 76,107 | 572840c42ca10214002da199 | generic | In a nationally televised speech early in the morning of December 25, 1991, Gorbachev resigned as president of the USSR – or, as he put it, "I hereby discontinue my activities at the post of President of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics." He declared the office extinct, and all of its powers (such as control of ... | Who was given control after Gorbachev left? | {'text': 'Yeltsin', 'answer_start': 355} |
1,932 | 1,590 | 56cd727662d2951400fa65bb | generic | In his usurpation of the throne from the Jianwen Emperor (r. 1398–1402), the Yongle Emperor was aided by the Buddhist monk Yao Guangxiao, and like his father, the Hongwu Emperor, the Yongle Emperor was "well-disposed towards Buddhism", claims Rossabi. On March 10, 1403, the Yongle Emperor invited Deshin Shekpa, 5th Kar... | Who aided the Yongle Emperor? | {'text': 'the Buddhist monk Yao Guangxiao', 'answer_start': 105} |
2,352 | 2,010 | 56d12f4217492d1400aabb9a | generic | iPods have won several awards ranging from engineering excellence,[not in citation given] to most innovative audio product, to fourth best computer product of 2006. iPods often receive favorable reviews; scoring on looks, clean design, and ease of use. PC World says that iPod line has "altered the landscape for portabl... | Which phone manufacturers adopted the AAC file format to become better iPod-compatible? | {'text': 'Sony Ericsson and Nokia', 'answer_start': 535} |
15,848 | 15,506 | 5acd225107355d001abf3633 | generic | Preaspirated stops also occur in most Sami languages; for example, in North Sami, the unvoiced stop and affricate phonemes /p/, /t/, /ts/, /tʃ/, /k/ are pronounced preaspirated ([ʰp], [ʰt] [ʰts], [ʰtʃ], [ʰk]) when they occur in medial or final position. | What are pronounced unaspirated? | {'text': 'the unvoiced stop and affricate phonemes', 'answer_start': 82} |
3,236 | 2,894 | 5ad247c0d7d075001a428b4d | generic | In India, it was reported that the Indian Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) censored kissing scenes featuring Monica Bellucci, Daniel Craig, and Léa Seydoux. They also muted all profanity. This prompted criticism of the board online, especially on Twitter. | Who censored talking scenes? | {'text': 'Indian Central Board of Film Certification', 'answer_start': 35} |
27,716 | 27,374 | 56fad9cef34c681400b0c165 | generic | Somalis constitute the largest ethnic group in Somalia, at approximately 85% of the nation's inhabitants. They are traditionally nomads, but since the late 20th century, many have moved to urban areas. While most Somalis can be found in Somalia proper, large numbers also live in Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya, Yemen, the Mi... | During what century did the nomad lifestyle decline among Somalis? | {'text': '20th', 'answer_start': 156} |
110,659 | 110,317 | 572faebea23a5019007fc888 | generic | In most bacteria, a cell wall is present on the outside of the cell membrane. The cell membrane and cell wall comprise the cell envelope. A common bacterial cell wall material is peptidoglycan (called "murein" in older sources), which is made from polysaccharide chains cross-linked by peptides containing D-amino acids.... | What is most common cell wall material? | {'text': 'peptidoglycan', 'answer_start': 179} |
42,261 | 41,919 | 570d7002b3d812140066d931 | generic | A series of swift Prussian and German victories in eastern France, culminating in the Siege of Metz and the Battle of Sedan, saw the army of the Second Empire decisively defeated (Napoleon III had been captured at Sedan on 2 September). A Government of National Defence declared the Third Republic in Paris on 4 Septembe... | A series of Prussian and German victories took place in what part of France? | {'text': 'eastern France', 'answer_start': 51} |
105,455 | 105,113 | 572eb350c246551400ce452b | generic | The ESA requires that critical habitat be designated at the time of or within one year of a species being placed on the endangered list. In practice, most designations occur several years after listing. Between 1978 and 1986 the FWS regularly designated critical habitat. In 1986 the Reagan Administration issued a regul... | Which presidential adminstration limited the protective status of critical habitat in 1986? | {'text': 'the Reagan Administration', 'answer_start': 280} |
36,575 | 36,233 | 570b2dd76b8089140040f7d5 | generic | "Old Style" (OS) and "New Style" (NS) are sometimes added to dates to identify which system is used in the British Empire and other countries that did not immediately change. Because the Calendar Act of 1750 altered the start of the year, and also aligned the British calendar with the Gregorian calendar, there is some ... | When was the Calendar act enacted? | {'text': '1750', 'answer_start': 203} |
59,500 | 59,158 | 5acfba6d77cf76001a685acc | generic | Presbyterianism is a part of the Reformed tradition within Protestantism which traces its origins to the British Isles. Presbyterian churches derive their name from the presbyterian form of church government, which is governed by representative assemblies of elders. Many Reformed churches are organized this way, but th... | Presbyterianism is part of the unreformed tradition within what category of religion? | {'text': 'Protestantism', 'answer_start': 59} |
100,240 | 99,898 | 572ba75ff75d5e190021fe70 | generic | Typical of Slavic languages, Czech marks its verbs for one of two grammatical aspects: perfective and imperfective. Most verbs are part of inflected aspect pairs—for example, koupit (perfective) and kupovat (imperfective). Although the verbs' meaning is similar, in perfective verbs the action is completed and in imperf... | In perfective verbs, what state is the action the verb describes in? | {'text': 'completed', 'answer_start': 297} |
71,155 | 70,813 | 5ad27ab8d7d075001a429620 | generic | The outcome of the First World War was disastrous for both the German Reich and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. During the war, the Bolsheviks struggled for survival, and Vladimir Lenin recognised the independence of Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland. Moreover, facing a German military ad... | Lenin never acknowledged the independence of which countries? | {'text': 'Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland', 'answer_start': 235} |
14,973 | 14,631 | 5a10d02306e79900185c33fb | generic | On 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, a... | What did the implementation of net neutrality permit? | {'text': 'ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content', 'answer_start': 126} |
63,918 | 63,576 | 5726b0125951b619008f7a78 | generic | Slack (2003) compares three groups that conducted biological research at Yale during overlapping periods between 1910 and 1970. Yale proved important as a site for this research. The leaders of these groups were Ross Granville Harrison, Grace E. Pickford, and G. Evelyn Hutchinson, and their members included both gradua... | What did Hutchinson's group research? | {'text': 'diverse areas of ecology', 'answer_start': 820} |
20,538 | 20,196 | 56e78cab00c9c71400d77297 | generic | Over two centuries after the removal of the capital to Beijing, Nanjing was destined to become the capital of a Ming emperor one more time. After the fall of Beijing to Li Zicheng's rebel forces and then to the Manchu-led Qing dynasty in the spring of 1644, the Ming prince Zhu Yousong was enthroned in Nanjing in June 1... | The Hongguang Emperor's reign was thought of as the first reign of what dynasty? | {'text': 'the so-called Southern Ming dynasty', 'answer_start': 422} |
61,516 | 61,174 | 5a79baa717ab25001a8a0001 | generic | Federal law and treaties, so long as they are in accordance with the Constitution, preempt conflicting state and territorial laws in the 50 U.S. states and in the territories. However, the scope of federal preemption is limited because the scope of federal power is not universal. In the dual-sovereign system of America... | State and territorial laws preempt what kind of laws and treaties? | {'text': 'Federal', 'answer_start': 0} |
25,372 | 25,030 | 56f8a93c9b226e1400dd0d88 | generic | Early reports of Europeans reaching this area include those of the Venetian Alvise Cadamosto's voyage of 1455, the 1479–1480 voyage by Flemish-French trader Eustache de la Fosse, and Diogo Cão. In the 1480s this Portuguese explorer reached the Congo River and the lands of Bakongo, setting up the foundations of modern A... | What river did Diogo Cao reach in the 1480's? | {'text': 'Congo River', 'answer_start': 244} |
18,800 | 18,458 | 56e7601000c9c71400d77044 | generic | Paper is often characterized by weight. In the United States, the weight assigned to a paper is the weight of a ream, 500 sheets, of varying "basic sizes", before the paper is cut into the size it is sold to end customers. For example, a ream of 20 lb, 8.5 in × 11 in (216 mm × 279 mm) paper weighs 5 pounds, because it ... | What characteristic is paper usually classified by? | {'text': 'weight', 'answer_start': 32} |
6,344 | 6,002 | 56db193ce7c41114004b4cfb | generic | The performance of "Summertime" by Barrino, later known simply as "Fantasia", at Top 8 was widely praised, and Simon Cowell considered it as his favorite Idol moment in the nine seasons he was on the show. Fantasia and Diana DeGarmo were the last two finalists, and Fantasia was crowned as the winner. Fantasia released ... | What song did Fantasia sing on the Top 8 show? | {'text': 'Summertime', 'answer_start': 20} |
71,675 | 71,333 | 5acf66ba77cf76001a684d6c | generic | For maximum life, capacitors usually need to be able to handle the maximum amount of reversal that a system will experience. An AC circuit will experience 100% voltage reversal, while under-damped DC circuits will experience less than 100%. Reversal creates excess electric fields in the dielectric, causes excess heatin... | What percentage of voltage reversal does an AC circuit never experience? | {'text': '100% voltage reversal', 'answer_start': 155} |
66,321 | 65,979 | 5ad0b25f645df0001a2d009b | generic | In 1744, Burke started at Trinity College Dublin, a Protestant establishment, which up until 1793, did not permit Catholics to take degrees. In 1747, he set up a debating society, "Edmund Burke's Club", which, in 1770, merged with TCD's Historical Club to form the College Historical Society; it is the oldest undergradu... | What group of people did Middle Temple refuse to grant degrees to? | {'text': 'Catholics', 'answer_start': 114} |
30,403 | 30,061 | 5ad264a8d7d075001a42916b | generic | Soul and disco influenced house music, plus mixing and editing techniques earlier explored by disco, garage music and post-disco DJs, producers, and audio engineers such as Walter Gibbons, Tom Moulton, Jim Burgess, Larry Levan, Ron Hardy, M & M, and others who produced longer, more repetitive, and percussive arrangemen... | What type of producer was Larry Levan? | {'text': 'Early house producers', 'answer_start': 353} |
23,173 | 22,831 | 56f8b40b9e9bad19000a0362 | generic | The city is home to the longest surviving stretch of medieval walls in England, as well as a number of museums such as Tudor House Museum, reopened on 30 July 2011 after undergoing extensive restoration and improvement; Southampton Maritime Museum; God's House Tower, an archaeology museum about the city's heritage and ... | What's the impressive budget of the SeaCity Museum? | {'text': '£28 million', 'answer_start': 781} |
27,734 | 27,392 | 56fae1078f12f31900630223 | generic | There is a sizable Somali community in the United Arab Emirates. Somali-owned businesses line the streets of Deira, the Dubai city centre, with only Iranians exporting more products from the city at large. Internet cafés, hotels, coffee shops, restaurants and import-export businesses are all testimony to the Somalis' e... | In what Middle Eastern country is there a notable Somali population? | {'text': 'the United Arab Emirates', 'answer_start': 39} |
31,778 | 31,436 | 5ad41e54604f3c001a400637 | generic | The Houston area has over 150 active faults (estimated to be 300 active faults) with an aggregate length of up to 310 miles (500 km), including the Long Point–Eureka Heights fault system which runs through the center of the city. There have been no significant historically recorded earthquakes in Houston, but researche... | How many estimated unactive faults does Houston have? | {'text': '300', 'answer_start': 61} |
8,036 | 7,694 | 56dc6cc314d3a41400c26899 | generic | Starting in 2010/2011, Hauptschulen were merged with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen to form a new type of comprehensive school in the German States of Berlin and Hamburg, called Stadtteilschule in Hamburg and Sekundarschule in Berlin (see: Education in Berlin, Education in Hamburg). | What was the combination of Hauptschulen with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen called in Hamburg? | {'text': 'Stadtteilschule', 'answer_start': 177} |
73,851 | 73,509 | 57279202dd62a815002ea0b5 | generic | Seven clubs have won the FA Cup as part of a League and Cup double, namely Preston North End (1889), Aston Villa (1897), Tottenham Hotspur (1961), Arsenal (1971, 1998, 2002), Liverpool (1986), Manchester United (1994, 1996, 1999) and Chelsea (2010). In 1993, Arsenal became the first side to win both the FA Cup and the ... | Has any club won both in a same season? | {'text': 'Arsenal became the first side to win both the FA Cup and the League Cup in the same season', 'answer_start': 259} |
71,849 | 71,507 | 572723b8dd62a815002e9954 | generic | Capacitors may retain a charge long after power is removed from a circuit; this charge can cause dangerous or even potentially fatal shocks or damage connected equipment. For example, even a seemingly innocuous device such as a disposable-camera flash unit, powered by a 1.5 volt AA battery, has a capacitor which may co... | How much energy could a capacitor in a disposable camera contain? | {'text': 'over 15 joules of energy', 'answer_start': 326} |
22,052 | 21,710 | 56ea9f000030b61400a34ff0 | generic | Ultimately, the distinction between public and private sector corruption sometimes appears rather artificial, and national anti-corruption initiatives may need to avoid legal and other loopholes in the coverage of the instruments. | What needs to stay away from loopholes? | {'text': 'national anti-corruption initiatives', 'answer_start': 114} |
84,092 | 83,750 | 5728bfa72ca10214002da6e3 | generic | After 1857, the colonial government strengthened and expanded its infrastructure via the court system, legal procedures, and statutes. The Indian Penal Code came into being. In education, Thomas Babington Macaulay had made schooling a priority for the Raj in his famous minute of February 1835 and succeeded in implement... | What new law was created? | {'text': 'Indian Penal Code', 'answer_start': 139} |
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