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56,307 | 55,965 | 5726761edd62a815002e85be | generic | Those involved in producing professional wrestling have developed a kind of global fraternity, with familial bonds, shared language and passed-down traditions. New performers are expected to "pay their dues" for a few years by working in lower-profile promotions and working as ring crew before working their way upward.... | How did wrestlers have to act in public? | {'text': 'acting in character', 'answer_start': 637} |
126,444 | 126,102 | 5a82062531013a001a335105 | generic | Early humanists saw no conflict between reason and their Christian faith (see Christian Humanism). They inveighed against the abuses of the Church, but not against the Church itself, much less against religion. For them, the word "secular" carried no connotations of disbelief – that would come later, in the nineteenth ... | What had a positive effect on established authority? | {'text': 'the methods of the humanists', 'answer_start': 825} |
78,610 | 78,268 | 5727bd833acd2414000deb1e | generic | It is not clear exactly where collegiate a cappella began. The Rensselyrics of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (formerly known as the RPI Glee Club), established in 1873 is perhaps the oldest known collegiate a cappella group.[citation needed] However the longest continuously-singing group is probably The Whiffenpoofs... | What prominent composer was once a member of The Whiffenpoofs? | {'text': 'Cole Porter', 'answer_start': 384} |
116,219 | 115,877 | 5a5658136349e2001acdcd25 | generic | Swaziland derives its name from a later king named Mswati II. KaNgwane, named for Ngwane III, is an alternative name for Swaziland the surname of whose royal house remains Nkhosi Dlamini. Nkhosi literally means "king". Mswati II was the greatest of the fighting kings of Swaziland, and he greatly extended the area of th... | What was Ngwane the greatest of? | {'text': 'fighting kings of Swaziland', 'answer_start': 253} |
94,840 | 94,498 | 572b5c93111d821400f38e7b | generic | The relative reactivity of zinc and its ability to attract oxidation to itself makes it an efficient sacrificial anode in cathodic protection (CP). For example, cathodic protection of a buried pipeline can be achieved by connecting anodes made from zinc to the pipe. Zinc acts as the anode (negative terminus) by slowly ... | Connecting anodes made from zinc to buried pipe creates what? | {'text': 'cathodic protection', 'answer_start': 161} |
79,222 | 78,880 | 5ad21856d7d075001a428400 | generic | Later the emphasis was on classical studies, dominated by Latin and Ancient History, and, for boys with sufficient ability, Classical Greek. From the latter part of the 19th century this curriculum has changed and broadened: for example, there are now more than 100 students of Chinese, which is a non-curriculum course.... | How many students at Eton now learn Latin each year? | {'text': 'than 100', 'answer_start': 257} |
13,947 | 13,605 | 56e09bed7aa994140058e645 | generic | On December 30, 1922, with the creation of the Soviet Union, Russia became one of six republics within the federation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The final Soviet name for the republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, was adopted in the Soviet Constitution of 1936. By that time, Soviet... | In what year was the name Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic adopted? | {'text': '1936', 'answer_start': 294} |
11,002 | 10,660 | 5acfb25577cf76001a685924 | generic | Since the 1980s, as the complexity of buildings began to increase (in terms of structural systems, services, energy and technologies), the field of architecture became multi-disciplinary with specializations for each project type, technological expertise or project delivery methods. In addition, there has been an incre... | About when did architecture stop specializing? | {'text': '1980s', 'answer_start': 10} |
48,200 | 47,858 | 571aa3cb4faf5e1900b8ab90 | generic | In 1911 arsphenamine, the first synthetic anti-infective drug, was developed by Paul Ehrlich and chemist Alfred Bertheim of the Institute of Experimental Therapy in Berlin. The drug was given the commercial name Salvarsan. Ehrlich, noting both the general toxicity of arsenic and the selective absorption of certain dyes... | What complications are associated with Syphilis? | {'text': 'severe skin ulceration, neurological damage, and death', 'answer_start': 750} |
72,766 | 72,424 | 5a73746653a187001ae631df | generic | Following a tentative agreement on by December 1, on December 3, 2009, the parties announced that Comcast would buy a controlling 51% stake in NBCUniversal for $6.5 billion in cash and $7.3 billion in programming. GE would take over the remaining 49% stake in NBCUniversal, using $5.8 billion to buy out Vivendi's 20% mi... | How much did Comcast pay for the remaining 49%? | {'text': '$6.5 billion in cash and $7.3 billion in programming', 'answer_start': 160} |
28,365 | 28,023 | 56fc2fec2603e7140040a001 | generic | The word phonology comes from the Greek φωνή, phōnḗ, "voice, sound," and the suffix -logy (which is from Greek λόγος, lógos, "word, speech, subject of discussion"). Definitions of the term vary. Nikolai Trubetzkoy in Grundzüge der Phonologie (1939) defines phonology as "the study of sound pertaining to the system of la... | When did Lass write about phonology? | {'text': '1998', 'answer_start': 549} |
48,454 | 48,112 | 571adceb9499d21900609b5f | generic | Other notable new vaccines of the period include those for measles (1962, John Franklin Enders of Children's Medical Center Boston, later refined by Maurice Hilleman at Merck), Rubella (1969, Hilleman, Merck) and mumps (1967, Hilleman, Merck) The United States incidences of rubella, congenital rubella syndrome, measles... | Who recreated the measles vaccine? | {'text': 'Maurice Hilleman', 'answer_start': 149} |
75,948 | 75,606 | 5727790a708984140094de95 | generic | In December 1831, he joined the Beagle expedition as a gentleman naturalist and geologist. He read Charles Lyell's Principles of Geology and from the first stop ashore, at St. Jago, found Lyell's uniformitarianism a key to the geological history of landscapes. Darwin discovered fossils resembling huge armadillos, and n... | Where was the first stop of the Beagle Expedition? | {'text': 'St. Jago', 'answer_start': 172} |
5,075 | 4,733 | 56cf58f7aab44d1400b890b7 | generic | West is one of the best-selling artists of all time, having sold more than 32 million albums and 100 million digital downloads worldwide. He has won a total of 21 Grammy Awards, making him one of the most awarded artists of all time and the most Grammy-awarded artist of his age. Three of his albums rank on Rolling Ston... | Kanye is known for having the most of what type of award for his age? | {'text': 'Grammy', 'answer_start': 163} |
59,675 | 59,333 | 5726813e5951b619008f7505 | generic | In 1972, the Presbyterian Church of England (PCofE) united with the Congregational Church in England and Wales to form the United Reformed Church (URC). Among the congregations the PCofE brought to the URC were Tunley (Lancashire), Aston Tirrold (Oxfordshire) and John Knox Presbyterian Church, Stepney, London (now part... | What was the name of the group that was created whenPresbyterian Church of England (PCofE) united with the Congregational Church in England and Wales were united? | {'text': 'United Reformed Church', 'answer_start': 123} |
24,264 | 23,922 | 56f7ccffaef2371900625c1b | generic | Today the word szlachta in the Polish language simply translates to "nobility". In its broadest meaning, it can also denote some non-hereditary honorary knighthoods granted today by some European monarchs. Occasionally, 19th-century non-noble landowners were referred to as szlachta by courtesy or error, when they owned... | What simple word does the term szlachta translate too? | {'text': 'nobility', 'answer_start': 69} |
21,778 | 21,436 | 56e8ea980b45c0140094cd62 | generic | Westminster Abbey is a collegiate church governed by the Dean and Chapter of Westminster, as established by Royal charter of Queen Elizabeth I in 1560, which created it as the Collegiate Church of St Peter Westminster and a Royal Peculiar under the personal jurisdiction of the Sovereign. The members of the Chapter are ... | Who created Westminster Abbey as the Collegiate Church of St Peter Westminster? | {'text': 'Queen Elizabeth I', 'answer_start': 125} |
107,945 | 107,603 | 57307685396df9190009612c | generic | In 2010 there was an attempt to register a 51st State Party with the New Zealand Electoral Commission. The party advocates New Zealand becoming the 51st state of the United States of America. The party's secretary is Paulus Telfer, a former Christchurch mayoral candidate. On February 5, 2010, the party applied to regis... | Who is the secretary of the 51st State Party? | {'text': 'Paulus Telfer', 'answer_start': 217} |
84,866 | 84,524 | 5727fa0aff5b5019007d99b7 | generic | Temporal measurement, chronometry, takes two distinct period forms: the calendar, a mathematical tool for organizing intervals of time, and the clock, a physical mechanism that counts the passage of time. In day-to-day life, the clock is consulted for periods less than a day whereas the calendar is consulted for period... | Which tool is used in periods longer than a day? | {'text': 'the calendar', 'answer_start': 284} |
15,282 | 14,940 | 56e032247aa994140058e34b | generic | In the 1960s, the term bandes dessinées ("drawn strips") came into wide use in French to denote the medium. Cartoonists began creating comics for mature audiences, and the term "Ninth Art"[e] was coined, as comics began to attract public and academic attention as an artform. A group including René Goscinny and Albert U... | Comics for adults began to be called what? | {'text': 'Ninth Art', 'answer_start': 178} |
122,477 | 122,135 | 5731b52eb9d445190005e48d | generic | Much of YouTube's revenue goes to the copyright holders of the videos. In 2010 it was reported that nearly a third of the videos with advertisements were uploaded without permission of the copyright holders. YouTube gives an option for copyright holders to locate and remove their videos or to have them continue running... | What option besides removing the video does youtube grant copyright holders? | {'text': 'have them continue running for revenue', 'answer_start': 294} |
129,590 | 129,248 | 573443cb879d6814001ca427 | generic | Hunting is the practice of killing or trapping any animal, or pursuing or tracking it with the intent of doing so. Hunting wildlife or feral animals is most commonly done by humans for food, recreation, to remove predators which are dangerous to humans or domestic animals, or for trade. In the 2010s, lawful hunting is ... | What is the species which is hunted referred to as? | {'text': 'prey', 'answer_start': 477} |
69,624 | 69,282 | 5a7a60b221c2de001afe9bc1 | generic | A literary technique or literary device can be used by authors in order to enhance the written framework of a piece of literature, and produce specific effects. Literary techniques encompass a wide range of approaches to crafting a work: whether a work is narrated in first-person or from another perspective, whether to... | What might the author do to bore the reader? | {'text': 'choose to experiment with their technique', 'answer_start': 612} |
18,351 | 18,009 | 5acd27f807355d001abf372e | generic | Estonian has been influenced by Swedish, German (initially Middle Low German, which was the lingua franca of the Hanseatic League and spoken natively in the territories of what is today known as Estonia by a sizeable burgher community of Baltic Germans, later Estonian was also influenced by standard German), and Russia... | Baltic Germans spoke which language? | {'text': 'Swedish', 'answer_start': 32} |
53,909 | 53,567 | 572684db5951b619008f7552 | generic | On May 11, 2000, Glenallen Hill, facing Brewers starter Steve Woodard, became the first, and thus far only player, to hit a pitched ball onto the roof of a five-story residential building across Waveland Ave, beyond Wrigley Field's left field wall. The shot was estimated at well over 500 feet (150 m), but the Cubs fell... | When did the first and only player to hit a pitched ball onto the roof of a five-story building across Waveland Ave? | {'text': 'May 11, 2000', 'answer_start': 3} |
34,518 | 34,176 | 570a0ae44103511400d59521 | generic | After Napoleon imposed the Convention of Artlenburg (Convention of the Elbe) on July 5, 1803, about 30,000 French soldiers occupied Hanover. The Convention also required disbanding the army of Hanover. However, George III did not recognize the Convention of the Elbe. This resulted in a great number of soldiers from Han... | What did the soldiers who emigrated form? | {'text': "King's German Legion", 'answer_start': 375} |
113,253 | 112,911 | 573023d8b2c2fd140056893d | generic | The San Diego Surf of the American Basketball Association is located in the city. The annual Farmers Insurance Open golf tournament (formerly the Buick Invitational) on the PGA Tour occurs at Torrey Pines Golf Course. This course was also the site of the 2008 U.S. Open Golf Championship. The San Diego Yacht Club hosted... | What beach sport was inveted in San Diego? | {'text': 'Over-the-line', 'answer_start': 419} |
69,785 | 69,443 | 5ace9dda32bba1001ae4ad1c | generic | Meanwhile, he had written to Abu Ya'far, the prefect of the dynamic city of Isfahan, offering his services. The new emir of Hamadan, hearing of this correspondence and discovering where Ibn Sina was hiding, incarcerated him in a fortress. War meanwhile continued between the rulers of Isfahan and Hamadãn; in 1024 the fo... | What two cities were at peace during this time? | {'text': 'Isfahan and Hamadãn', 'answer_start': 285} |
61,709 | 61,367 | 5a79e4a517ab25001a8a017c | generic | In turn, according to Kozinski's analysis, the contemporary rule of binding precedent became possible in the U.S. in the nineteenth century only after the creation of a clear court hierarchy (under the Judiciary Acts), and the beginning of regular verbatim publication of U.S. appellate decisions by West Publishing. The... | What is the name of the writer of the rule of binding precedent? | {'text': 'Kozinski', 'answer_start': 22} |
23,383 | 23,041 | 56f709cd711bf01900a44903 | generic | The end of a treaty, the eschatocol (or closing protocol), is often signaled by a clause like "in witness whereof" or "in faith whereof," the parties have affixed their signatures, followed by the words "DONE at," then the site(s) of the treaty's execution and the date(s) of its execution. The date is typically written... | What is the nature of the different versions of a treaty executed in multiple languages? | {'text': 'equally authentic', 'answer_start': 697} |
115,111 | 114,769 | 5730956e396df919000961c6 | generic | Perhaps foremost among what Whitehead considered faulty metaphysical assumptions was the Cartesian idea that reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another, which he rejected in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology in which events are primary and are fund... | Whitehead's system as "philosophy of organism" became widely known as what term? | {'text': 'process philosophy', 'answer_start': 937} |
8,472 | 8,130 | 5ad0290d77cf76001a686c20 | generic | Ethnically and linguistically the population of the Republic of the Congo is diverse—Ethnologue recognises 62 spoken languages in the country—but can be grouped into three categories. The Kongo are the largest ethnic group and form roughly half of the population. The most significant subgroups of the Kongo are Laari in... | What amount of the Kongo are Laari? | {'text': 'roughly half', 'answer_start': 232} |
108,400 | 108,058 | 572f4374947a6a140053c834 | generic | The exact relationship between these eight groups is not yet clear, although there is agreement that the first three groups to diverge from the ancestral angiosperm were Amborellales, Nymphaeales, and Austrobaileyales. The term basal angiosperms refers to these three groups. Among the rest, the relationship between the... | How clear is the relationship between the broadest of the three non-basal angiosperm groups? | {'text': 'unclear', 'answer_start': 397} |
8,787 | 8,445 | 56ddfb3dcffd8e1900b4b550 | generic | The world's first Institute of Technology the Berg-Schola (Bergschule) established in Selmecbánya, Kingdom of Hungary by the Court Chamber of Vienna in 1735 providing Further education to train specialists of precious metal and copper mining. In 1762 the institute ranked up to be Academia providing Higher Education cou... | What kind of mining did the world's first institute of technology prepare students for? | {'text': 'copper', 'answer_start': 228} |
22,010 | 21,668 | 56ea931e5a205f1900d6d353 | generic | In the private sector, corruption increases the cost of business through the price of illicit payments themselves, the management cost of negotiating with officials and the risk of breached agreements or detection. Although some claim corruption reduces costs by cutting bureaucracy, the availability of bribes can also ... | Some people feel that corruption actually reduces costs because it cuts what? | {'text': 'bureaucracy', 'answer_start': 271} |
12,109 | 11,767 | 56df730c5ca0a614008f9a7f | generic | 58.1% of the population described themselves in the 2011 census return as being at least nominally Christian and 0.8% as Muslim with all other religions represented by less than 0.5% each. The portion of people without a religion is 32.9%; above the national average of 24.7%. 7.1% did not state their religious belief. ... | What percentage of Plymouth's population call themselves Christian? | {'text': '58.1%', 'answer_start': 0} |
71,678 | 71,336 | 5acf66ba77cf76001a684d6f | generic | For maximum life, capacitors usually need to be able to handle the maximum amount of reversal that a system will experience. An AC circuit will experience 100% voltage reversal, while under-damped DC circuits will experience less than 100%. Reversal creates excess electric fields in the dielectric, causes excess heatin... | When designing a capacitor, what is an unimportant rating to consider? | {'text': 'Reversal creates', 'answer_start': 241} |
103,965 | 103,623 | 572f3315b2c2fd1400567f79 | generic | Some street trams (streetcars) used conduit third-rail current collection. The third rail was below street level. The tram picked up the current through a plough (U.S. "plow") accessed through a narrow slot in the road. In the United States, much (though not all) of the former streetcar system in Washington, D.C. (disc... | What area in US discontinued using overhead wires for streetcars in 1962? | {'text': 'Washington, D.C.', 'answer_start': 298} |
46,738 | 46,396 | 5acec63232bba1001ae4b387 | generic | In the light of Mother F. A. Forbes research and reference to Pope Saint Gregory's writings, it would appear that Athanasius was constrained to be Bishop: She writes that when the Patriarch Alexander was on his death-bed he called Athanasius, who fled fearing he would be constrained to be made Bishop. "When the Bishops... | What did he do when he thought he might be fired from being Bishop? | {'text': 'fled', 'answer_start': 247} |
15,037 | 14,695 | 56dfc0ae231d4119001abd97 | generic | Just as their customers pay them for Internet access, ISPs themselves pay upstream ISPs for Internet access. An upstream ISP usually has a larger network than the contracting ISP or is able to provide the contracting ISP with access to parts of the Internet the contracting ISP by itself has no access to. | What does an upstream ISP provide for an ISP? | {'text': 'access to parts of the Internet the contracting ISP by itself has no access to', 'answer_start': 226} |
74,567 | 74,225 | 57278dcf708984140094e0b8 | generic | The population grew rapidly, from 800,000 in 1814 to 914,000 in 1830 and 1,067,000 in 1846. The combination of economic and demographic factors led to hunger, housing shortages and a lack of work for young people. Thus, it is not surprising that people left Alsace, not only for Paris – where the Alsatian community grew... | What were the reasons for people to begin leaving Alsace? | {'text': 'hunger, housing shortages and a lack of work for young people', 'answer_start': 151} |
86,516 | 86,174 | 57280af32ca10214002d9c62 | generic | Instead, the monarch directly grants royal assent by Order in Council. Assent is granted or refused on the advice of the Lord Chancellor. A recent example when assent was refused (or, more correctly, when the Lord Chancellor declined to present the law for assent) was in 2007, concerning reforms to the constitution of ... | Which recent petition for reforms to the constitution led to assent being refused? | {'text': 'Chief Pleas of Sark', 'answer_start': 324} |
2,659 | 2,317 | 56cda10262d2951400fa6795 | generic | The game's score was composed by Toru Minegishi and Asuka Ohta, with series regular Koji Kondo serving as the sound supervisor. Minegishi took charge of composition and sound design in Twilight Princess, providing all field and dungeon music under the supervision of Kondo. For the trailers, three pieces were written by... | Who wrote the music used in the game's trailer and demo? | {'text': 'Koji Kondo', 'answer_start': 84} |
65,677 | 65,335 | 57269e71dd62a815002e8b27 | generic | One of the most influential works during this burgeoning period was Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince, written between 1511–12 and published in 1532, after Machiavelli's death. That work, as well as The Discourses, a rigorous analysis of the classical period, did much to influence modern political thought in the West. A... | Who was well known for his theory of the social contract? | {'text': 'Thomas Hobbes', 'answer_start': 931} |
2,597 | 2,255 | 56cd96c162d2951400fa675a | generic | In four months, Aonuma's team managed to present realistic horseback riding,[l] which Nintendo later revealed to the public with a trailer at Electronic Entertainment Expo 2004. The game was scheduled to be released the next year, and was no longer a follow-up to The Wind Waker; a true sequel to it was released for the... | What console was home to the sequel for The Wind Waker? | {'text': 'Nintendo DS', 'answer_start': 321} |
72,237 | 71,895 | 5a10fb8c06e79900185c34a7 | generic | The first Digimon anime introduced the Digimon life cycle: They age in a similar fashion to real organisms, but do not die under normal circumstances because they are made of reconfigurable data, which can be seen throughout the show. Any Digimon that receives a fatal wound will dissolve into infinitesimal bits of data... | Under what conditions must Digimon be reborn? | {'text': "if a Digimon's data is completely destroyed", 'answer_start': 580} |
15,223 | 14,881 | 56e02e6e231d4119001abf9c | generic | Specialized comics periodicals formats vary greatly in different cultures. Comic books, primarily an American format, are thin periodicals usually published in colour. European and Japanese comics are frequently serialized in magazines—monthly or weekly in Europe, and usually black-and-white and weekly in Japan. Japane... | How often do serialized comics typically appear in Japanese magazines? | {'text': 'weekly', 'answer_start': 247} |
83,297 | 82,955 | 5727fc04ff5b5019007d99f7 | generic | Following the defeat of the German empire in World War I and the abdication of the German Emperor, some revolutionary insurgents declared Alsace-Lorraine as an independent Republic, without preliminary referendum or vote. On 11 November 1918 (Armistice Day), communist insurgents proclaimed a "soviet government" in Stra... | Who commanded the French troops on November 22? | {'text': 'French general Henri Gouraud', 'answer_start': 433} |
118,362 | 118,020 | 5acfa71377cf76001a685722 | generic | Since independence Namibia has successfully completed the transition from white minority apartheid rule to parliamentary democracy. Multiparty democracy was introduced and has been maintained, with local, regional and national elections held regularly. Several registered political parties are active and represented in ... | In what year was multiparty democracy introduced to Namibia? | {'text': '2005', 'answer_start': 512} |
58,810 | 58,468 | 5a1582bba54d420018529481 | generic | Trademark infringement occurs when one party uses a trademark that is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark owned by another party, in relation to products or services which are identical or similar to the products or services of the other party. In many countries, a trademark receives protection without regi... | What occurs when someone uses an identical trademark but not when the use a similar trademark | {'text': 'Trademark infringement', 'answer_start': 0} |
67,990 | 67,648 | 5726c4a7708984140094d0eb | generic | 26 March 1991 is the day that marks the clash between military soldiers and peaceful demonstrating students which climaxed in the massacre of dozens under the orders of then President Moussa Traoré. He and three associates were later tried and convicted and received the death sentence for their part in the decision-mak... | Who was president during the March protests? | {'text': 'Moussa Traoré', 'answer_start': 184} |
22,746 | 22,404 | 56f7467aaef2371900625a94 | generic | Slavs are customarily divided along geographical lines into three major subgroups: West Slavs, East Slavs, and South Slavs, each with a different and a diverse background based on unique history, religion and culture of particular Slavic groups within them. Apart from prehistorical archaeological cultures, the subgroup... | What three major subgroups are Slavs divided into? | {'text': 'West Slavs, East Slavs, and South Slavs', 'answer_start': 83} |
72,954 | 72,612 | 57277506708984140094de1b | generic | In many people, the infection waxes and wanes. Tissue destruction and necrosis are often balanced by healing and fibrosis. Affected tissue is replaced by scarring and cavities filled with caseous necrotic material. During active disease, some of these cavities are joined to the air passages bronchi and this material ca... | What type of bacteria-attacking medicine will treat tuberculosis? | {'text': 'antibiotics', 'answer_start': 422} |
86,661 | 86,319 | 572aabf334ae481900deac19 | generic | When the act is assented to by the sovereign in person, or by empowered Royal Commissioners, royal assent is considered given at the moment when the assent is declared in the presence of both houses jointly assembled. When the procedure created by the Royal Assent Act 1967 is followed, assent is considered granted when... | When assent is granted in person, when is it formally considered final? | {'text': 'when the assent is declared in the presence of both houses jointly assembled', 'answer_start': 140} |
50,290 | 49,948 | 57241ed90a492a1900435619 | generic | Since the middle of the 19th century, Masonic historians have sought the origins of the movement in a series of similar documents known as the Old Charges, dating from the Regius Poem in about 1425 to the beginning of the 18th century. Alluding to the membership of a lodge of operative masons, they relate a mythologise... | How long have historians been seeking information about the Masonic movement? | {'text': 'middle of the 19th century', 'answer_start': 10} |
10,449 | 10,107 | 56dfc1797aa994140058e12e | generic | The Professional Lighting And Sound Association (PLASA) is a UK-based trade organisation representing the 500+ individual and corporate members drawn from the technical services sector. Its members include manufacturers and distributors of stage and entertainment lighting, sound, rigging and similar products and servic... | What does RoHS stand for? | {'text': 'Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive', 'answer_start': 807} |
56,526 | 56,184 | 5726625c5951b619008f7112 | generic | The ISO standard ISO 12232:2006 gives digital still camera manufacturers a choice of five different techniques for determining the exposure index rating at each sensitivity setting provided by a particular camera model. Three of the techniques in ISO 12232:2006 are carried over from the 1998 version of the standard, wh... | What does the standard of ISO 12232:2006 specify? | {'text': 'the measurement of light sensitivity of the entire digital camera system and not of individual components', 'answer_start': 607} |
29,516 | 29,174 | 5705e90375f01819005e7748 | generic | Historically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientif... | When was migration first recorded? | {'text': '3,000 years ago', 'answer_start': 53} |
50,939 | 50,597 | 5725ccd5271a42140099d1ff | generic | Israel is widely believed to possess nuclear weapons as well as chemical and biological weapons of mass destruction. Israel has not signed the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and maintains a policy of deliberate ambiguity toward its nuclear capabilities. The Israeli Navy's Dolphin submarines are beli... | All homes in Israel are required to have a room called what? | {'text': 'Merkhav Mugan', 'answer_start': 562} |
110,434 | 110,092 | 572fae41a23a5019007fc87f | generic | In 1920, Turkish nationalist forces invaded the fledgling Armenian republic from the east. Turkish forces under the command of Kazım Karabekir captured Armenian territories that Russia had annexed in the aftermath of the 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War and occupied the old city of Alexandropol (present-day Gyumri). The vio... | Who led the Soviet Eleventh Army? | {'text': 'Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze', 'answer_start': 684} |
98,696 | 98,354 | 572ac9f434ae481900deacdb | generic | Historically, Philadelphia sourced its water by the Fairmount Water Works, the nation's first major urban water supply system. In 1909, Water Works was decommissioned as the city transitioned to modern sand filtration methods. Today, the Philadelphia Water Department (PWD) provides drinking water, wastewater collection... | How many miles of sewers are in the city? | {'text': '3,657 miles', 'answer_start': 623} |
53,798 | 53,456 | 57266409708984140094c49c | generic | The Cubs enjoyed one more pennant at the close of World War II, finishing 98–56. Due to the wartime travel restrictions, the first three games of the 1945 World Series were played in Detroit, where the Cubs won two games, including a one-hitter by Claude Passeau, and the final four were played at Wrigley. In Game 4 of ... | What was ejected from Wrigley park because of it's bad odor? | {'text': 'goat', 'answer_start': 581} |
23,952 | 23,610 | 56f78825aef2371900625b95 | generic | The Marshall Islands, officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands (Marshallese: Aolepān Aorōkin M̧ajeļ),[note 1] is an island country located near the equator in the Pacific Ocean, slightly west of the International Date Line. Geographically, the country is part of the larger island group of Micronesia. The country... | What is the name of the Marshall Islands in its native language? | {'text': 'Aolepān Aorōkin M̧ajeļ', 'answer_start': 84} |
82,379 | 82,037 | 5acff10b77cf76001a6865bf | generic | This period also saw some contacts with Jesuits and Capuchins from Europe, and in 1774 a Scottish nobleman, George Bogle, came to Shigatse to investigate prospects of trade for the British East India Company. However, in the 19th century the situation of foreigners in Tibet grew more tenuous. The British Empire was enc... | Why did George Bogle go to Shigatse in 1747? | {'text': 'to investigate prospects of trade for the British East India Company', 'answer_start': 139} |
55,267 | 54,925 | 5a627fdff8d794001af1c062 | generic | Following the purchase of an offshore lease in 2005, Shell initiated its US$4.5 billion Arctic drilling program in 2006, after the corporation purchased the "Kulluk" oil rig and leased the Noble Discoverer drillship. At inception, the project was led by Pete Slaiby, a Shell executive who had previously worked in the No... | When was Pete Slaiby working in the North Sea? | {'text': '2006', 'answer_start': 115} |
48,781 | 48,439 | 571aa0a810f8ca14003051eb | generic | Following this battle, Ali fought a battle against Muawiyah, known as the Battle of Siffin. The battle was stopped before either side had achieved victory, and the two parties agreed to arbitrate their dispute. After the battle Amr ibn al-As was appointed by Muawiyah as an arbitrator, and Ali appointed Abu Musa Ashaari... | Where did Muawiyah fight Ali? | {'text': 'Battle of Siffin', 'answer_start': 74} |
8,179 | 7,837 | 5ad5faef5b96ef001a10af90 | generic | There is some controversy about comprehensive schools. As a rule of thumb those supporting The Left Party, the Social Democratic Party of Germany and Alliance '90/The Greens are in favour of comprehensive schools, while those supporting the Christian Democratic Union and the Free Democratic Party are opposed to them. | What are generally in favor of comprehensive hospitals? | {'text': 'those supporting the Christian Democratic Union and the Free Democratic Party', 'answer_start': 220} |
109,869 | 109,527 | 572f78f5b2c2fd1400568164 | generic |
XML databases are a type of structured document-oriented database that allows querying based on XML document attributes. XML databases are mostly used in enterprise database management, where XML is being used as the machine-to-machine data interoperability standard. XML database management systems include commercial ... | What type of processing is used in enterprise database software? | {'text': 'ACID-compliant transaction processing', 'answer_start': 512} |
50,100 | 49,758 | 5ad17959645df0001a2d1db8 | generic | In 1870, republican sentiment in Britain, fed by the Queen's seclusion, was boosted after the establishment of the Third French Republic. A republican rally in Trafalgar Square demanded Victoria's removal, and Radical MPs spoke against her. In August and September 1871, she was seriously ill with an abscess in her arm,... | Who lanced and never treated the abscess on Queen Victorias arm? | {'text': 'Joseph Lister', 'answer_start': 327} |
93,812 | 93,470 | 57292d756aef051400154b42 | generic | The "photoelectrons" emitted as a result of the photoelectric effect have a certain kinetic energy, which can be measured. This kinetic energy (for each photoelectron) is independent of the intensity of the light, but depends linearly on the frequency; and if the frequency is too low (corresponding to a photon energy t... | What is emitted as a result of the photoelectric effect? | {'text': 'photoelectrons', 'answer_start': 5} |
9,528 | 9,186 | 5ad3e3ca604f3c001a3ff561 | generic | Consistent with the missions and priorities outlined above, the Canadian Armed Forces also contribute to the conduct of Canadian defence diplomacy through a range of activities, including the deployment of Canadian Defence Attachés, participation in bilateral and multilateral military forums (e.g. the System of Coopera... | What diplomatic effort does the CAF doesn't perform as part of it's duties? | {'text': 'relationship-building efforts', 'answer_start': 446} |
71,906 | 71,564 | 5726f67cf1498d1400e8f114 | generic | In Classical Antiquity, the inquiry into the workings of the universe took place both in investigations aimed at such practical goals as establishing a reliable calendar or determining how to cure a variety of illnesses and in those abstract investigations known as natural philosophy. The ancient people who are conside... | What would the first scientists have been considered? | {'text': 'natural philosophers', 'answer_start': 379} |
102,932 | 102,590 | 573193ec497a88190024906f | generic | Spielberg and actor Tom Cruise collaborated for the first time for the futuristic neo-noir Minority Report, based upon the science fiction short story written by Philip K. Dick about a Washington D.C. police captain in the year 2054 who has been foreseen to murder a man he has not yet met. The film received strong revi... | When was Minority Report released? | {'text': '2002', 'answer_start': 564} |
122,046 | 121,704 | 5731ea07b9d445190005e67d | generic | Funeral and commemorative rites varied according to wealth, status and religious context. In Cicero's time, the better-off sacrificed a sow at the funeral pyre before cremation. The dead consumed their portion in the flames of the pyre, Ceres her portion through the flame of her altar, and the family at the site of the... | What goddess was an intermediary between the dead and the living? | {'text': 'Ceres', 'answer_start': 437} |
112,782 | 112,440 | 573225ede99e3014001e6565 | generic | As many Japanese had feared, Japan's supply arrangements could not maintain her forces. Once Mutaguchi's hopes for an early victory were thwarted, his troops, particularly those at Kohima, starved. During May, while Mutaguchi continued to order attacks, the Allies advanced southwards from Kohima and northwards from Imp... | What was the main cause of death of the Japanese troops? | {'text': 'starvation and disease', 'answer_start': 503} |
55,077 | 54,735 | 57268eea708984140094ca13 | generic | The Greek men's national volleyball team has won two bronze medals, one in the European Volleyball Championship and another one in the European Volleyball League, a 5th place in the Olympic Games and a 6th place in the FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship. The Greek league, the A1 Ethniki, is considered one of the ... | The Greek Men's national volleyball team has won how many bronze medals? | {'text': 'two', 'answer_start': 49} |
63,278 | 62,936 | 572690b9f1498d1400e8e3f9 | generic | DDT, sprayed on the walls of houses, is an organochlorine that has been used to fight malaria since the 1950s. Recent policy statements by the World Health Organization have given stronger support to this approach. However, DDT and other organochlorine pesticides have been banned in most countries worldwide because of ... | Why have DDTs been banned in some areas? | {'text': 'persistence in the environment and human toxicity', 'answer_start': 326} |
87,960 | 87,618 | 5acf9e6477cf76001a685573 | generic | Although the drafts of both the Maastricht treaty and the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe mentioned federalism, the representatives of the member countries (all of whom would have had to agree to use of the term) never formally adopted it. The strongest advocates of European federalism have been Germany, ... | Who supported the European Federalism? | {'text': 'United Kingdom, Denmark and France', 'answer_start': 411} |
98,745 | 98,403 | 572aa47534ae481900deabf4 | generic | During the night of December 2 and early morning of December 3, 1968, Kerry was in charge of a small boat operating near a peninsula north of Cam Ranh Bay together with a Swift boat (PCF-60). According to Kerry and the two crewmen who accompanied him that night, Patrick Runyon and William Zaladonis, they surprised a gr... | What did Kerry's crew destroy? | {'text': 'sampans', 'answer_start': 491} |
121,347 | 121,005 | 573169afa5e9cc1400cdbf35 | generic | The heyday of mosaic making in Sicily was the age of the independent Norman kingdom in the 12th century. The Norman kings adopted the Byzantine tradition of mosaic decoration to enhance the somewhat dubious legality of their rule. Greek masters working in Sicily developed their own style, that shows the influence of We... | The Martorana church is an example of the best mosaic art in what part italy? | {'text': 'Sicily', 'answer_start': 256} |
75,330 | 74,988 | 5727985b708984140094e1c2 | generic | Similarly, in 1996, member countries of the European Union, per Directive 94/33/EC, agreed to a number of exceptions for young people in its child labour laws. Under these rules, children of various ages may work in cultural, artistic, sporting or advertising activities if authorised by the competent authority. Childre... | What age were children allowed to do light labour? | {'text': '13', 'answer_start': 339} |
125,118 | 124,776 | 57327e2db3a91d1900202db4 | generic | In 1957, the state of Arkansas refused to honor a federal court order to integrate their public school system stemming from the Brown decision. Eisenhower demanded that Arkansas governor Orval Faubus obey the court order. When Faubus balked, the president placed the Arkansas National Guard under federal control and sen... | What military unit was sent from outside of Arkansas to oversee desegregation? | {'text': '101st Airborne Division', 'answer_start': 329} |
90,751 | 90,409 | 5ad212ead7d075001a428317 | generic | Numerous modern mandolin makers build instruments that largely replicate the Gibson F-5 Artist models built in the early 1920s under the supervision of Gibson acoustician Lloyd Loar. Original Loar-signed instruments are sought after and extremely valuable. Other makers from the Loar period and earlier include Lyon and ... | Who are the other businessmen from the Loar period? | {'text': 'Lyon and Healy, Vega and Larson Brothers', 'answer_start': 311} |
41,814 | 41,472 | 570d3412b3d812140066d53b | generic | The War of 1812, the second and last American war against the United Kingdom, was less successful for the U.S. than the Revolution and Northwest Indian War against natives had been, though it ended on a high note for Americans as well. After the taking control of Lake Erie in 1813, the Americans were able to seize part... | The War of 1812 consisted of the U.S against whom? | {'text': 'United Kingdom', 'answer_start': 62} |
36,598 | 36,256 | 5a70ba658abb0b001a676100 | generic | Known during development as Xbox Next, Xenon, Xbox 2, Xbox FS or NextBox, the Xbox 360 was conceived in early 2003. In February 2003, planning for the Xenon software platform began, and was headed by Microsoft's Vice President J Allard. That month, Microsoft held an event for 400 developers in Bellevue, Washington to r... | Who replaced Peter Moore as the president of Sega? | {'text': 'J Allard', 'answer_start': 227} |
129,684 | 129,342 | 5ace5a2b32bba1001ae4a388 | generic | On ancient reliefs, especially from Mesopotamia, kings are often depicted as hunters of big game such as lions and are often portrayed hunting from a war chariot. The cultural and psychological importance of hunting in ancient societies is represented by deities such as the horned god Cernunnos and lunar goddesses of c... | How is Euripdes often shown as hunting from? | {'text': 'a war chariot', 'answer_start': 148} |
55,296 | 54,954 | 5a62926df8d794001af1c0f2 | generic | It was unclear if Shell would recommence drilling in mid-2013, following the "Kulluk" incident and, in February 2013, the corporation stated that it would "pause" its closely watched drilling project off the Alaskan coast in 2013, and will instead prepare for future exploration. In January 2014, the corporation announc... | Why was van Beurden under review? | {'text': 'due to both market and internal issues', 'answer_start': 473} |
28,795 | 28,453 | 57064fb952bb8914006899d8 | generic | Due to the patriarchal nature of Arab society, Arab men, including during the slave trade in North Africa, enslaved more black women than men. They used more black female slaves in domestic service and agriculture than males. The men interpreted the Qur'an to permit sexual relations between a male master and his female... | What did the Qur'an permit? | {'text': 'sexual relations between a male master and his female slave', 'answer_start': 267} |
38,547 | 38,205 | 5a612cd9e9e1cc001a33cfd4 | generic | Individual routines in trampolining involve a build-up phase during which the gymnast jumps repeatedly to achieve height, followed by a sequence of ten bounces without pause during which the gymnast performs a sequence of aerial skills. Routines are marked out of a maximum score of 10 points. Additional points (with no... | What routines involve the gymnast jumping once to achieve height? | {'text': 'Individual routines', 'answer_start': 0} |
104,648 | 104,306 | 5ad41d04604f3c001a4005b0 | generic | The city also had a large class of free people of color. By 1860, 3,785 free people of color were in Charleston, nearly 18% of the city's black population, and 8% of the total population. Free people of color were far more likely to be of mixed racial background than slaves. Many were educated, practiced skilled crafts... | In what year was the Brown Fellowship Society ended? | {'text': '1790,', 'answer_start': 385} |
76,229 | 75,887 | 572792e6dd62a815002ea0d0 | generic | In spring 1987, a protest movement arose against new phosphate mines in Estonia. Signatures were collected in Tartu, and students assembled in the university's main hall to express lack of confidence in the government. At a demonstration on May 1, 1987, young people showed up with banners and slogans despite an officia... | What was being protested in Estonia? | {'text': 'new phosphate mines', 'answer_start': 49} |
67,494 | 67,152 | 5ad16a27645df0001a2d1a52 | generic | Stepper motors are a type of motor frequently used when precise rotations are required. In a stepper motor an internal rotor containing PMs or a magnetically soft rotor with salient poles is controlled by a set of external magnets that are switched electronically. A stepper motor may also be thought of as a cross betwe... | When are stepper motors least useful? | {'text': 'when precise rotations are required', 'answer_start': 51} |
123,950 | 123,608 | 5a8497347cf838001a46a97f | generic | Another scholar contends that the minority leader position emerged even before 1883. On the Democratic side, "there were serious caucus fights for the minority speakership nomination in 1871 and 1873," indicating that the "nomination carried with it some vestige of leadership." Further, when Republicans were in the min... | What were the Republicans fighting for in 1877 and 1879? | {'text': 'the minority speakership nomination', 'answer_start': 147} |
155 | 155 | 138451 | pubqa | In November 2010, 27,000 (45%) inhabitants of stersund, Sweden, were affected by a waterborne outbreak of cryptosporidiosis. The outbreak was characterized by a rapid onset and high attack rate, especially among young and middle-aged persons. Young age, number of infected family members, amount of water consumed dai... | What measures were taken to prevent the event?
| {'answer_id': 273735, 'document_id': 445541, 'question_id': 138451, 'text': 'optimizing control of raw water quality and employing multiple barriers that remove or inactivate all groups of pathogens', 'answer_start': 930, 'answer_category': 'LONG'} |
10,487 | 10,145 | 56de37794396321400ee26af | generic | Congress has the sole power to legislate for the United States. Under the nondelegation doctrine, Congress may not delegate its lawmaking responsibilities to any other agency. In this vein, the Supreme Court held in the 1998 case Clinton v. City of New York that Congress could not delegate a "line-item veto" to the Pre... | What year was Clinton v. City of New York decided by the supreme court? | {'text': '1998', 'answer_start': 220} |
128,121 | 127,779 | 5733b2fe4776f41900661090 | generic | The Lobund Institute grew out of pioneering research in germ-free-life which began in 1928. This area of research originated in a question posed by Pasteur as to whether animal life was possible without bacteria. Though others had taken up this idea, their research was short lived and inconclusive. Lobund was the first... | When did study of a germ-free-life begin at Notre Dame? | {'text': '1928', 'answer_start': 86} |
37,346 | 37,004 | 5a5a45ab9c0277001abe70e8 | generic | Hard rock entered the 1990s as one of the dominant forms of commercial music. The multi-platinum releases of AC/DC's The Razors Edge (1990), Guns N' Roses' Use Your Illusion I and Use Your Illusion II (both in 1991), Ozzy Osbourne's No More Tears (1991), and Van Halen's For Unlawful Carnal Knowledge (1991) showcased th... | In which decade did hard rock see a decline of dominance in commercial music? | {'text': '1990s', 'answer_start': 22} |
1,089 | 747 | 56bfed855a85de14001c7866 | generic | In December, Beyoncé along with a variety of other celebrities teamed up and produced a video campaign for "Demand A Plan", a bipartisan effort by a group of 950 US mayors and others designed to influence the federal government into rethinking its gun control laws, following the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting. B... | What was the focus of the Gucci Chime for Change campaign? | {'text': 'spread female empowerment', 'answer_start': 616} |
87,969 | 87,627 | 5acfb91d77cf76001a685a79 | generic | The Federal War ended in 1863 with the signing of the Treaty of Coche by both the centralist government of the time and the Federal Forces. The United States of Venezuela were subsequently incorporated under a "Federation of Sovereign States" upon principles borrowed from the Articles of Confederation of the United Sta... | How did the federal war start? | {'text': 'with the signing of the Treaty of Coche by both the centralist government of the time and the Federal Forces', 'answer_start': 30} |
27,516 | 27,174 | 56fa4d06f34c681400b0c075 | generic | New domestic housing in many parts of the world today is commonly made from timber-framed construction. Engineered wood products are becoming a bigger part of the construction industry. They may be used in both residential and commercial buildings as structural and aesthetic materials. | Along with decorative components, what type of building materials can be engineered from wood? | {'text': 'structural', 'answer_start': 251} |
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