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Neptune has 14 known moons. Triton is the largest Neptunian moon, comprising more than 99.5% of the mass in orbit around Neptune,[e] and it is the only one massive enough to be spheroidal. Triton was discovered by William Lassell just 17 days after the discovery of Neptune itself. Unlike all other large planetary moons...
What is Neptune's largest moon?
{'text': 'Triton', 'answer_start': 28}
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The mantle is equivalent to 10 to 15 Earth masses and is rich in water, ammonia and methane. As is customary in planetary science, this mixture is referred to as icy even though it is a hot, dense fluid. This fluid, which has a high electrical conductivity, is sometimes called a water–ammonia ocean. The mantle may cons...
Who's mantle is 10 to 15 times greater than Neptunes?
{'text': 'Earth', 'answer_start': 37}
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The first PCBs used through-hole technology, mounting electronic components by leads inserted through holes on one side of the board and soldered onto copper traces on the other side. Boards may be single-sided, with an unplated component side, or more compact double-sided boards, with components soldered on both sides...
Vertical installation of through-hole parts with two axial leads in done how?
{'text': 'by bending the leads 90 degrees in the same direction', 'answer_start': 441}
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The Logic and Metaphysics have been extensively reprinted, the latter, e.g., at Venice in 1493, 1495, and 1546. Some of his shorter essays on medicine, logic, etc., take a poetical form (the poem on logic was published by Schmoelders in 1836).[citation needed] Two encyclopaedic treatises, dealing with philosophy, are o...
What two subjects of Avicenna's have been reprinted a little bit?
{'text': 'Logic and Metaphysics', 'answer_start': 4}
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There is disagreement about the origin of the term, but general consensus that "cardinalis" from the word cardo (meaning 'pivot' or 'hinge') was first used in late antiquity to designate a bishop or priest who was incorporated into a church for which he had not originally been ordained. In Rome the first persons to be ...
What year did the ruling "only a cardinal was eligible to become pope" come in effect?
{'text': '769', 'answer_start': 860}
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In March 2001, 40 multi-national pharmaceutical companies brought litigation against South Africa for its Medicines Act, which allowed the generic production of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) for treating HIV, despite the fact that these drugs were on-patent. HIV was and is an epidemic in South Africa, and ARVs at the tim...
When was litigation brought to ARV?
{'text': 'March 2001', 'answer_start': 3}
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The ultimate substantive legacy of Principia Mathematica is mixed. It is generally accepted that Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931 definitively demonstrated that for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be ...
Who discovered the incompleteness theorem of 1931?
{'text': 'Kurt Gödel', 'answer_start': 97}
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In modern times, the name "cardinal priest" is interpreted as meaning a cardinal who is of the order of priests. Originally, however, this referred to certain key priests of important churches of the Diocese of Rome, who were recognized as the cardinal priests, the important priests chosen by the pope to advise him in ...
What was the original definition of a cardinal priest?
{'text': 'priests chosen by the pope', 'answer_start': 276}
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The SASO consists of 12 questions. Six of these questions assess sexual attraction, four assess sexual behavior, and two assess sexual orientation identity. For each question on the scale that measures homosexuality there is a corresponding question that measures heterosexuality giving six matching pairs of questions. ...
How are the results simplified when using the SASO?
{'text': 'into four summaries that look specifically at responses that correspond to either homosexuality, heterosexuality, bisexuality or asexuality.', 'answer_start': 481}
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The patron saint of Palermo is Santa Rosalia, who is widely revered. On 14 July, people in Palermo celebrate the annual Festino, the most important religious event of the year. The Festino is a procession which goes through the main street of Palermo to commemorate the miracle attributed to Santa Rosalia who, it is bel...
When is Palermo's most important secular celebration?
{'text': 'On 14 July', 'answer_start': 69}
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The fluid in the coelomata contains coelomocyte cells that defend the animals against parasites and infections. In some species coelomocytes may also contain a respiratory pigment – red hemoglobin in some species, green chlorocruorin in others (dissolved in the plasma) – and provide oxygen transport within their segmen...
What runs the length of annelids' bodies with well-developed septa?
{'text': 'blood vessels', 'answer_start': 437}
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Web browsers consist of a user interface, layout engine, rendering engine, JavaScript interpreter, UI backend, networking component and data persistence component. These components achieve different functionalities of a web browser and together provide all capabilities of a web browser.
What does a JavaScript interpreter achieve in a layout engine?
{'text': 'different functionalities of a web browser', 'answer_start': 189}
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Oklahoma is part of a geographical region characterized by conservative and Evangelical Christianity known as the "Bible Belt". Spanning the southern and eastern parts of the United States, the area is known for politically and socially conservative views, even though Oklahoma has more voters registered with the Democr...
What political party has the most members in Oklahoma?
{'text': 'Democratic', 'answer_start': 314}
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In Canada, the Supreme Court of Canada was established in 1875 but only became the highest court in the country in 1949 when the right of appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council was abolished. This court hears appeals of decisions made by courts of appeal from the provinces and territories and appeals of ...
What does the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council hear?
{'text': 'appeals of decisions made by courts of appeal from the provinces and territories and appeals of decisions made by the Federal Court of Appeal', 'answer_start': 224}
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British post-punk entered the 1980s with support from members of the critical community—American critic Greil Marcus characterised "Britain's postpunk pop avant-garde" in a 1980 Rolling Stone article as "sparked by a tension, humour and sense of paradox plainly unique in present day pop music"—as well as media figures ...
What were Fast, Mute, and Glass in the context of post-punk music?
{'text': 'record labels', 'answer_start': 469}
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Estonia is a parliamentary representative democratic republic in which the Prime Minister of Estonia is the head of government and which includes a multi-party system. The political culture is stable in Estonia, where power is held between two and three parties that have been in politics for a long time. This situation...
Who is the leader of Estonia's government?
{'text': 'the Prime Minister of Estonia', 'answer_start': 71}
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The view of the Roman Catholic Church is that Protestant denominations cannot be considered churches but rather that they are ecclesial communities or specific faith-believing communities because their ordinances and doctrines are not historically the same as the Catholic sacraments and dogmas, and the Protestant commu...
The Roman Catholic Church considers Protestant denominations to be what?
{'text': 'ecclesial communities or specific faith-believing communities', 'answer_start': 126}
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The High Middle Ages was a period of tremendous expansion of population. The estimated population of Europe grew from 35 to 80 million between 1000 and 1347, although the exact causes remain unclear: improved agricultural techniques, the decline of slaveholding, a more clement climate and the lack of invasion have all ...
During the High Middle Ages, what percentage of the European population consisted of rural peasants?
{'text': '90', 'answer_start': 347}
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In modern molecular biology and genetics, the genome is the genetic material of an organism. It consists of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The genome includes both the genes and the non-coding sequences of the DNA/RNA.
What fields study molecule formation?
{'text': 'molecular biology and genetics', 'answer_start': 10}
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Technological developments by videoconferencing developers in the 2010s have extended the capabilities of video conferencing systems beyond the boardroom for use with hand-held mobile devices that combine the use of video, audio and on-screen drawing capabilities broadcasting in real-time over secure networks, independ...
What does still image streaming allow?
{'text': 'the ability to view and discuss issues with colleagues thousands of miles away', 'answer_start': 470}
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Somerton took over from Ilchester as the county town in the late thirteenth century, but it declined in importance and the status of county town transferred to Taunton about 1366. The county has two cities, Bath and Wells, and 30 towns (including the county town of Taunton, which has no town council but instead is the ...
What was the strategic purpose to settle this area
{'text': 'strategic importance in relation to geographical features, such as river crossings or valleys in ranges of hills', 'answer_start': 520}
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The first settlement is defined as Paleapolis (Παλεάπολις), the Ancient Greek world for "old city", in order to distinguish it from a second settlement built during the 5th century BC, called Neapolis (Νεάπολις), "new city". The neapolis was erected towards the east and along with it, monumental walls around the whole ...
What did Arabs call the "old city"?
{'text': 'The first settlement', 'answer_start': 0}
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In the mid-16th century, "botanical gardens" were founded in a number of Italian universities – the Padua botanical garden in 1545 is usually considered to be the first which is still in its original location. These gardens continued the practical value of earlier "physic gardens", often associated with monasteries, in...
Why did monasteries have gardens?
{'text': 'for medical use', 'answer_start': 350}
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The Tuvalu Media Department of the Government of Tuvalu operates Radio Tuvalu which broadcasts from Funafuti. In 2011 the Japanese government provided financial support to construct a new AM broadcast studio. The installation of upgraded transmission equipment allows Radio Tuvalu to be heard on all nine islands of Tuva...
Who gave financial support to Tuvalu to upgrade transmission equipment?
{'text': 'Japanese government', 'answer_start': 122}
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After several failed attempts, in 1930 the first aeroplane reached Bermuda. A Stinson Detroiter seaplane flying from New York, it had to land twice in the ocean: once because of darkness and again to refuel. Navigation and weather forecasting improved in 1933 when the Royal Air Force (then responsible for providing equ...
Who began experimenting with flights from Berlin to New York, stopping in the azores?
{'text': 'Luft Hansa', 'answer_start': 498}
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The United States Army is made up of three components: the active component, the Regular Army; and two reserve components, the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve. Both reserve components are primarily composed of part-time soldiers who train once a month, known as battle assemblies or unit training assemblies (UT...
What is the inactive component of the U.S. Army?
{'text': 'Regular Army', 'answer_start': 81}
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Just eight months into his presidency, the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 suddenly transformed Bush into a wartime president. Bush's approval ratings surged to near 90%. Within a month, the forces of a coalition led by the United States entered Afghanistan, which had been sheltering Osama bin Laden, suspected ...
How long did it take to capture Osama Bin Laden?
{'text': 'a month', 'answer_start': 186}
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Around the 6th century, Slavs appeared on Byzantine borders in great numbers.[page needed] The Byzantine records note that grass would not regrow in places where the Slavs had marched through, so great were their numbers. After a military movement even the Peloponnese and Asia Minor were reported to have Slavic settlem...
Where did the Peloponnese appear at the beginning of the 6th c?
{'text': 'Byzantine borders', 'answer_start': 42}
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The American studies program reflected the worldwide anti-Communist ideological struggle. Norman Holmes Pearson, who worked for the Office of Strategic Studies in London during World War II, returned to Yale and headed the new American studies program, in which scholarship quickly became an instrument of promoting libe...
Where did Norman Holmes Pearson work before Yale?
{'text': 'Office of Strategic Studies in London', 'answer_start': 132}
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This first list is referred to as the "Class of '67" in The Endangered Species Act at Thirty, Volume 1, which concludes that habitat destruction, the biggest threat to those 78 species, is still the same threat to the currently listed species. It included only vertebrates because the Department of Interior's definition...
What type of animal was not included in Volume 1?
{'text': 'vertebrates', 'answer_start': 261}
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The song "Tom's Diner" by Suzanne Vega was the first song used by Karlheinz Brandenburg to develop the MP3. Brandenburg adopted the song for testing purposes, listening to it again and again each time refining the scheme, making sure it did not adversely affect the subtlety of Vega's voice.
What was the name of the first song used to develop the MP3?
{'text': "Tom's Diner", 'answer_start': 10}
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Population testing is still being done. Some Native American groups that have been sampled may not have shared the pattern of markers being searched for. Geneticists acknowledge that DNA testing cannot yet distinguish among members of differing cultural Native American nations. There is genetic evidence for three major...
How many minor migrations into North America is there evidence for?
{'text': 'three', 'answer_start': 309}
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The highest position in Islam, caliphate, was claimed by the sultans starting since Murad I, which was established as Ottoman Caliphate. The Ottoman sultan, pâdişâh or "lord of kings", served as the Empire's sole regent and was considered to be the embodiment of its government, though he did not always exercise complet...
The Ottoman Caliphate claimed by Murad Ir epresented what in Islam?
{'text': 'The highest position', 'answer_start': 0}
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Upon exposure, the amount of light energy that reaches the film determines the effect upon the emulsion. If the brightness of the light is multiplied by a factor and the exposure of the film decreased by the same factor by varying the camera's shutter speed and aperture, so that the energy received is the same, the fil...
Reciprocity only works outside of what ranges?
{'text': '1/1000 second to 1/2 second', 'answer_start': 606}
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On the evening of 12 April 2012, members of the country's military staged a coup d'état and arrested the interim president and a leading presidential candidate. Former vice chief of staff, General Mamadu Ture Kuruma, assumed control of the country in the transitional period and started negotiations with opposition part...
Who assumed control of the country after the coup d'etat?
{'text': 'Mamadu Ture Kuruma', 'answer_start': 197}
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Russian distinguishes between consonant phonemes with palatal secondary articulation and those without, the so-called soft and hard sounds. This distinction is found between pairs of almost all consonants and is one of the most distinguishing features of the language. Another important aspect is the reduction of unstre...
What word means both lock and castle, depending on its accent?
{'text': 'zamok', 'answer_start': 570}
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Domestic dogs inherited complex behaviors, such as bite inhibition, from their wolf ancestors, which would have been pack hunters with complex body language. These sophisticated forms of social cognition and communication may account for their trainability, playfulness, and ability to fit into human households and soci...
What is a complex behavior that dogs inherited from wolves?
{'text': 'bite inhibition', 'answer_start': 51}
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In 1863, the newly founded Football Association (the FA) published the Laws of the Game of Association Football, unifying the various different rules in use before then. On 20 July 1871, in the offices of The Sportsman newspaper, the FA Secretary C. W. Alcock proposed to the FA committee that "it is desirable that a Ch...
Who lost the first and second cups?
{'text': 'Wanderers', 'answer_start': 559}
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The expression "bitumen" originated in the Sanskrit, where we find the words jatu, meaning "pitch," and jatu-krit, meaning "pitch creating", "pitch producing" (referring to coniferous or resinous trees). The Latin equivalent is claimed by some to be originally gwitu-men (pertaining to pitch), and by others, pixtumens (...
Where did the French expression "bitumen" originate?
{'text': 'Sanskrit', 'answer_start': 43}
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Treaties are not necessarily permanently binding upon the signatory parties. As obligations in international law are traditionally viewed as arising only from the consent of states, many treaties expressly allow a state to withdraw as long as it follows certain procedures of notification. For example, the Single Conven...
What treaty will terminate if the number of parties falls below 40 as a result of denunciations?
{'text': 'the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs', 'answer_start': 303}
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Hellenistic culture produced seats of learning throughout the Mediterranean. Hellenistic science differed from Greek science in at least two ways: first, it benefited from the cross-fertilization of Greek ideas with those that had developed in the larger Hellenistic world; secondly, to some extent, it was supported by ...
What city was especially important to Hellinistic science?
{'text': 'Alexandria', 'answer_start': 445}
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Saint-Barthélemy has a marine nature reserve, known as the Reserve Naturelle that covers 1.200 ha, and is divided into 5 zones all around the island to form a network of protected areas. The Reserve includes the bays of Grand Cul de Sac, Colombier, Marigot, Petit Cul de Sac, Petite Anse as well as waters around offshor...
Colombier Bay has what type of helpful structures placed in the water?
{'text': 'mooring buoys', 'answer_start': 843}
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Anthropology is the study of humans and their societies in the past and present. Its main subdivisions are social anthropology and cultural anthropology, which describes the workings of societies around the world, linguistic anthropology, which investigates the influence of language in social life, and biological or ph...
What subdivision of anthropology concerns itself with the long-term development of the human organism?
{'text': 'physical', 'answer_start': 318}
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Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to ...
Besides antimicrobial, what did the overused medicine cause?
{'text': 'antibiotic resistance', 'answer_start': 363}
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Although testing can determine the correctness of software under the assumption of some specific hypotheses (see hierarchy of testing difficulty below), testing cannot identify all the defects within software. Instead, it furnishes a criticism or comparison that compares the state and behavior of the product against or...
What does the software compare during testing against?
{'text': 'oracles—principles or mechanisms', 'answer_start': 318}
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The JEDEC EIA370 transistor device numbers usually start with "2N", indicating a three-terminal device (dual-gate field-effect transistors are four-terminal devices, so begin with 3N), then a 2, 3 or 4-digit sequential number with no significance as to device properties (although early devices with low numbers tend to ...
What follows the 2N in a JEDEC EIA370?
{'text': 'a 2, 3 or 4-digit sequential number with no significance as to device properties', 'answer_start': 190}
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The introduction of new or equivalent deities coincided with Rome's most significant aggressive and defensive military forays. In 206 BC the Sibylline books commended the introduction of cult to the aniconic Magna Mater (Great Mother) from Pessinus, installed on the Palatine in 191 BC. The mystery cult to Bacchus follo...
In what year did the Senate declare the Bacchus subversive?
{'text': '186 BC', 'answer_start': 395}
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Mandolin awareness in the United States blossomed in the 1880s, as the instrument became part of a fad that continued into the mid-1920s. According to Clarence L. Partee, the first mandolin made in the United States was made in 1883 or 1884 by Joseph Bohmann, who was an established maker of violins in Chicago. Partee c...
What type of mandolin was Partee not using?
{'text': 'French-made mandolin', 'answer_start': 612}
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Hellenistic art saw a turn from the idealistic, perfected, calm and composed figures of classical Greek art to a style dominated by realism and the depiction of emotion (pathos) and character (ethos). The motif of deceptively realistic naturalism in art (aletheia) is reflected in stories such as that of the painter Zeu...
Who is the artist that drew grapes so lifelike, birds flew up and pecked at them?
{'text': 'Zeuxis', 'answer_start': 317}
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Subsequent to this decision, the Supreme Court has applied a three-pronged test to determine whether government action comports with the Establishment Clause, known as the "Lemon Test". First, the law or policy must have been adopted with a neutral or non-religious purpose. Second, the principle or primary effect must ...
Excessive entanglement occurs when a state policy results in a close relationship of what?
{'text': 'government with religion', 'answer_start': 451}
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Program execution might be likened to reading a book. While a person will normally read each word and line in sequence, they may at times jump back to an earlier place in the text or skip sections that are not of interest. Similarly, a computer may sometimes go back and repeat the instructions in some section of the pr...
What allows a computer to perform repetitive tasks without human intervening?
{'text': 'the flow of control', 'answer_start': 399}
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Notable alumni include: Alan Mulally (BS/MS), former President and CEO of Ford Motor Company, Lou Montulli, co-founder of Netscape and author of the Lynx web browser, Brian McClendon (BSEE 1986), VP of Engineering at Google, Charles E. Spahr (1934), former CEO of Standard Oil of Ohio.
What Google employee once studied at the University of Kansas?
{'text': 'Brian McClendon', 'answer_start': 167}
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The first draft of the Convention included political killings, but these provisions were removed in a political and diplomatic compromise following objections from some countries, including the USSR, a permanent security council member. The USSR argued that the Convention's definition should follow the etymology of the...
Which distinguished academic of genocide highlighted several other countries supporting including political genocide in the Convention?
{'text': 'William Schabas', 'answer_start': 568}
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Support for the U.S. cooled when America made clear its determination to invade Iraq in late 2002. Even so, many of the "coalition of the willing" countries that unconditionally supported the U.S.-led military action have sent troops to Afghanistan, particular neighboring Pakistan, which has disowned its earlier suppor...
Which country refused to send troops into Afghanistan?
{'text': 'Pakistan', 'answer_start': 273}
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The army was still equipped with the Dreyse needle gun of Battle of Königgrätz fame, which was by this time showing the age of its 25-year-old design. The rifle had a range of only 600 m (2,000 ft) and lacked the rubber breech seal that permitted aimed shots. The deficiencies of the needle gun were more than compensate...
What was the Dreyse rifle's tactical range?
{'text': '600 m (2,000 ft)', 'answer_start': 181}
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Guest judges may occasionally be introduced. In season two, guest judges such as Lionel Richie and Robin Gibb were used, and in season three Donna Summer, Quentin Tarantino and some of the mentors also joined as judges to critique the performances in the final rounds. Guest judges were used in the audition rounds for s...
When was Shania Twain a guest judge for auditions?
{'text': 'season eight', 'answer_start': 468}
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Following the earthquake, donations were made by people from all over mainland China, with booths set up in schools, at banks, and around gas stations. People also donated blood, resulting in according to Xinhua long line-ups in most major Chinese cities. Many donated through text messaging on mobile phones to accounts...
After the quake, people from where in China made donations?
{'text': 'all over mainland China', 'answer_start': 61}
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Victoria visited mainland Europe regularly for holidays. In 1889, during a stay in Biarritz, she became the first reigning monarch from Britain to set foot in Spain when she crossed the border for a brief visit. By April 1900, the Boer War was so unpopular in mainland Europe that her annual trip to France seemed inadvi...
Where did Victoria stay in Spain in 1889?
{'text': 'Biarritz', 'answer_start': 83}
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Ann Arbor was founded in 1824, named for wives of the village's founders and the stands of Bur Oak trees. The University of Michigan moved from Detroit to Ann Arbor in 1837, and the city grew at a rapid rate in the early to mid-20th century. During the 1960s and 1970s, the city gained a reputation as a center for left-...
During the 1960's & 70's, Ann Arbor gained a reputation for what?
{'text': 'center for left-wing politics', 'answer_start': 304}
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Colonial Lowcountry landowners experimented with cash crops ranging from tea to silkworms. African slaves brought knowledge of rice cultivation, which plantation owners cultivated and developed as a successful commodity crop by 1700. With the coerced help of African slaves from the Caribbean, Eliza Lucas, daughter of p...
African slaves had no knowledge of the cultivation of what product?
{'text': 'rice', 'answer_start': 127}
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Gray does not, however, give any indication of what available evidence these theories were at odds with, and his appeal to "crucial support" illustrates the very inductivist approach to science that Popper sought to show was logically illegitimate. For, according to Popper, Einstein's theory was at least equally as wel...
In contrast to Gray, which theory did Popper argue was at least equally consistent with Newton's on the available evidence?
{'text': "Einstein's theory", 'answer_start': 275}
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In reaction to the emergence of Reform Judaism, a group of traditionalist German Jews emerged in support of some of the values of the Haskalah, but also wanted to defend the classic, traditional interpretation of Jewish law and tradition. This group was led by those who opposed the establishment of a new temple in Hamb...
what was the name of the Rabbi of Altona?
{'text': 'Jacob Ettlinger', 'answer_start': 436}
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In China, it opened on 12 November and earned $15 million on its opening day, which is the second biggest 2D single day gross for a Hollywood film behind the $18.5 million opening day of Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation and occupying 43% of all available screens which included $790,000 in advance night screenings. Th...
By the weekend after its China release, how much had revenue decreased?
{'text': '75%', 'answer_start': 680}
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If access is gained to a car's internal controller area network, it is possible to disable the brakes and turn the steering wheel. Computerized engine timing, cruise control, anti-lock brakes, seat belt tensioners, door locks, airbags and advanced driver assistance systems make these disruptions possible, and self-driv...
What does an external controller area network control?
{'text': 'the brakes and turn the steering wheel', 'answer_start': 91}
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According to the Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI), 95.6% of the population over the age of 15 could read and write Spanish, and 97.3% of children of ages 8–14 could read and write Spanish. An estimated 93.5% of the population ages 6–14 attend an institution of education. Estimated 12.8...
What percentage of the population over 15 could read and write Spanish?
{'text': '95.6%', 'answer_start': 85}
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The monogram theme was developed into an Art Deco-style badge on which the letters A and C framed a football rather than the letter F, the whole set within a hexagonal border. This early example of a corporate logo, introduced as part of Herbert Chapman's rebranding of the club in the 1930s, was used not only on Cup Fi...
In what decade was Arsenal nicknamed as "The Gunners"?
{'text': '1930s', 'answer_start': 286}
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All versions of the SNES are predominantly gray, although the exact shade may differ. The original North American version, designed by Nintendo of America industrial designer Lance Barr (who previously redesigned the Famicom to become the NES), has a boxy design with purple sliding switches and a dark gray eject lever....
What color were the Japanese Super Famicom Jr.'s buttons?
{'text': 'gray', 'answer_start': 827}
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When Internet hunting was introduced in 2005, allowing people to hunt over the Internet using remotely controlled guns, the practice was widely criticised by hunters as violating the principles of fair chase. As a representative of the National Rifle Association (NRA) explained, "The NRA has always maintained that fair...
When was this type of hunting introduced?
{'text': '2005', 'answer_start': 40}
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Yale has a history of difficult and prolonged labor negotiations, often culminating in strikes. There have been at least eight strikes since 1968, and The New York Times wrote that Yale has a reputation as having the worst record of labor tension of any university in the U.S. Yale's unusually large endowment exacerbate...
Why was Professor David Graeber hired during the strike?
{'text': 'he came to the defense of a student who was involved in campus labor issues', 'answer_start': 568}
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In 2010, a leaked cable revealed that Shell claims to have inserted staff into all the main ministries of the Nigerian government and know "everything that was being done in those ministries", according to Shell's top executive in Nigeria. The same executive also boasted that the Nigerian government had forgotten about...
The same leaked communication revealed Shell claimed to know what?
{'text': '"everything that was being done in those ministries"', 'answer_start': 139}
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The bursting of the U.S. (United States) housing bubble, which peaked in 2004, caused the values of securities tied to U.S. real estate pricing to plummet, damaging financial institutions globally. The financial crisis was triggered by a complex interplay of policies that encouraged home ownership, providing easier acc...
What year did the U.S. housing bubble peak?
{'text': '2004', 'answer_start': 73}
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NARA also maintains the Presidential Library system, a nationwide network of libraries for preserving and making available the documents of U.S. presidents since Herbert Hoover. The Presidential Libraries include:
Why did NARA create the Presidential Library System?
{'text': 'for preserving and making available the documents of U.S. presidents', 'answer_start': 87}
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But house was also being developed on Ibiza,[citation needed] although no house artists or labels were coming from this tiny island at the time. By the mid-1980s a distinct Balearic mix of house was discernible.[citation needed] Several clubs such as Amnesia with DJ Alfredo were playing a mix of rock, pop, disco and ho...
what was the name of the big dance club in Manchester UK in the late 80s?
{'text': 'Haçienda', 'answer_start': 561}
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The Ottoman Empire, believed to be about to collapse, was portrayed in the press as the sick man of Europe". The Balkan states, with the partial exception of Bosnia and Albania, were primarily Christian. Starting in 1894 the Ottomans struck at the Armenians on the explicit grounds that they were a non-Muslim people and...
The Balkan states were primarily what religion?
{'text': 'Christian', 'answer_start': 193}
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Because of its Catholic identity, a number of religious buildings stand on campus. The Old College building has become one of two seminaries on campus run by the Congregation of Holy Cross. The current Basilica of the Sacred Heart is located on the spot of Fr. Sorin's original church, which became too small for the gro...
In which architectural style is the Basilica of the Sacred Heart at Notre Dame made?
{'text': 'French Revival', 'answer_start': 349}
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On December 25, 1991, the Russian SFSR was renamed the Russian Federation. On December 26, 1991, the USSR was self-dissolved by the Soviet of Nationalities, which by that time was the only functioning house of the Supreme Soviet (the other house, Soviet of the Union, had already lost the quorum after recall of its memb...
What house of the Supreme Soviet was not functioning as of December 26, 1991?
{'text': 'Soviet of the Union', 'answer_start': 247}
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TB infection begins when the mycobacteria reach the pulmonary alveoli, where they invade and replicate within endosomes of alveolar macrophages. Macrophages identify the bacterium as foreign and attempt to eliminate it by phagocytosis. During this process, the bacterium is enveloped by the macrophage and stored tempora...
What envelopes the macrophage?
{'text': 'bacterium', 'answer_start': 261}
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Italy is home to a vast array of native regional minority languages, most of which are Romance-based and have their own local variants. These regional languages are often referred to colloquially or in non-linguistic circles as Italian "dialects," or dialetti (standard Italian for "dialects"). However, the majority of ...
Why might Italian dialects be regarded as independent languages rather than dialects of standard Italian?
{'text': 'they are not derived from modern standard Italian', 'answer_start': 443}
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Predation is a biological interaction where a predator (a heterotroph that is hunting) feeds on its prey (the organism that is attacked). Predators may or may not kill their prey prior to feeding on them, but the act of predation almost always results in the death of the prey. The other main category of consumption is ...
What is the consumption of dead organic matter called?
{'text': 'detritivory', 'answer_start': 320}
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The legal process to change the definition of the kilogram is already underway, but it had been decided that no final decision would be made before the next meeting of the General Conference on Weights and Measures in 2011. (For more detailed information, see kilogram definitions.) The Planck constant is a leading cont...
Where would the decision to change the definition of the kilometer have occured latest?
{'text': 'the General Conference on Weights and Measures in 2011', 'answer_start': 168}
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With the rise of disco in the US and punk rock in the UK, hard rock's mainstream dominance was rivalled toward the later part of the decade. Disco appealed to a more diverse group of people and punk seemed to take over the rebellious role that hard rock once held. Early punk bands like The Ramones explicitly rebelled a...
What did the punk band The Ramones embrace as part of their music?
{'text': 'drum solos and extended guitar solos', 'answer_start': 331}
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Due to the chemical composition of the pentose residues of the bases, DNA strands have directionality. One end of a DNA polymer contains an exposed hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose; this is known as the 3' end of the molecule. The other end contains an exposed phosphate group; this is the 5' end. The two strands of a ...
What is known as the 3' end?
{'text': 'an exposed hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose', 'answer_start': 137}
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Additionally, there are issues of connections between different electrical services, particularly connecting intercity lines with sections electrified for commuter traffic, but also between commuter lines built to different standards. This can cause electrification of certain connections to be very expensive simply bec...
Why the commuter lines built to different standards can cause be complicated?
{'text': 'the implications on the sections it is connecting', 'answer_start': 328}
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On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I...
What was Le Corbusier 's profession?
{'text': 'Architect', 'answer_start': 368}
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On March 27, 1964, the massive Good Friday earthquake killed 133 people and destroyed several villages and portions of large coastal communities, mainly by the resultant tsunamis and landslides. It was the second-most-powerful earthquake in the recorded history of the world, with a moment magnitude of 9.2. It was over ...
How did the Good Friday earthquake compare to other documented earthquakes in the world?
{'text': 'second-most-powerful earthquake in the recorded history of the world', 'answer_start': 206}
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After India gained independence in 1947, a limited autonomy was conferred to New Delhi and was administered by a Chief Commissioner appointed by the Government of India. In 1956, Delhi was converted into a union territory and eventually the Chief Commissioner was replaced by a Lieutenant Governor. The Constitution (Six...
In what year did India gain independence?
{'text': '1947', 'answer_start': 35}
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The word genocide was later included as a descriptive term to the process of indictment, but not yet as a formal legal term According to Lemming, genocide was defined as "a coordinated strategy to destroy a group of people, a process that could be accomplished through total annihilation as well as strategies that elimi...
What term was coined to describe the increase of culture?
{'text': 'ritualcide', 'answer_start': 690}
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But, like many colors, it also had a negative association, with heat, destruction and evil. A prayer to god Isis said: "Oh Isis, protect me from all things evil and red." The ancient Egyptians began manufacturing pigments in about 4000 BC. Red ochre was widely used as a pigment for wall paintings, particularly as the s...
What dye did the Egyptians make using the madder plant?
{'text': 'alizarin', 'answer_start': 569}
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After the Rus' attack on Constantinople in 860, the Byzantine Patriarch Photius sent missionaries north to convert the Rus' and the Slavs. Prince Rastislav of Moravia had requested the Emperor to provide teachers to interpret the holy scriptures, so in 863 the brothers Cyril and Methodius were sent as missionaries, due...
Who sent missionaries south?
{'text': 'Patriarch Photius', 'answer_start': 62}
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The modernist views hold that classical music is considered primarily a written musical tradition, preserved in music notation, as opposed to being transmitted orally, by rote, or by recordings of particular performances.[citation needed] While there are differences between particular performances of a classical work, ...
Why is written musical notation effective?
{'text': 'contains the technical instructions for performing the work', 'answer_start': 513}
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Initial reactions to the novel were varied. The New Yorker declared it "skilled, unpretentious, and totally ingenious", and The Atlantic Monthly's reviewer rated it as "pleasant, undemanding reading", but found the narrative voice—"a six-year-old girl with the prose style of a well-educated adult"—to be implausible. Ti...
What newspaper wrote that the novel has strong contemporary national significance?
{'text': 'The Chicago Sunday Tribune', 'answer_start': 589}
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Johnson's impeachment was perceived to have done great damage to the presidency, which came to be almost subordinate to Congress. Some believed that the president would become a mere figurehead, with the Speaker of the House of Representatives becoming a de facto Prime Minister. Grover Cleveland, the first Democratic P...
What did Cleveland's impeachment do to the presidency?
{'text': 'damage', 'answer_start': 55}
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The only indigenous mammals of Bermuda are five species of bats, all of which are also found in the eastern United States: Lasionycteris noctivagans, Lasiurus borealis, Lasiurus cinereus, Lasiurus seminolus and Perimyotis subflavus. Other commonly known fauna of Bermuda include its national bird, the Bermuda petrel or ...
Why is the National bird of importance?
{'text': 'example of a Lazarus species', 'answer_start': 428}
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Many kinds of clothing are designed to be ironed before they are worn to remove wrinkles. Most modern formal and semi-formal clothing is in this category (for example, dress shirts and suits). Ironed clothes are believed to look clean, fresh, and neat. Much contemporary casual clothing is made of knit materials that do...
Doing what creates a rough appearance without ironing?
{'text': 'treated with a coating (such as polytetrafluoroethylene)', 'answer_start': 416}
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In 1644, René Descartes theorized that pain was a disturbance that passed down along nerve fibers until the disturbance reached the brain, a development that transformed the perception of pain from a spiritual, mystical experience to a physical, mechanical sensation[citation needed]. Descartes's work, along with Avicen...
What did Henry von Frey and Max Head make?
{'text': 'clinical observations', 'answer_start': 945}
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Valencia's port is the biggest on the Mediterranean western coast, the first of Spain in container traffic as of 2008 and the second of Spain in total traffic, handling 20% of Spain's exports. The main exports are foodstuffs and beverages. Other exports include oranges, furniture, ceramic tiles, fans, textiles and iron...
What percentage of Spanish exports does Valencia's port handle?
{'text': '20', 'answer_start': 169}
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pubqa
At the end of July 2006, an unusually high number of patients with acute diarrhoea were reported by the accident and emergency departments in Taranto, Apulia. Subsequently, a field investigation was conducted jointly by the Apulia Regional Epidemiological Observatory and the Regional Reference Laboratory in Bari, and...
What is the location of the event?
{'answer_id': 274433, 'document_id': 445595, 'question_id': 138413, 'text': 'Taranto, Apulia', 'answer_start': 142, 'answer_category': 'SHORT'}
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Beyoncé is believed to have first started a relationship with Jay Z after a collaboration on "'03 Bonnie & Clyde", which appeared on his seventh album The Blueprint 2: The Gift & The Curse (2002). Beyoncé appeared as Jay Z's girlfriend in the music video for the song, which would further fuel speculation of their relat...
How did Beyonce deal with the miscarriage of her child?
{'text': 'wrote music', 'answer_start': 736}
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Widely referred to as Highbury, Arsenal Stadium was the club's home from September 1913 until May 2006. The original stadium was designed by the renowned football architect Archibald Leitch, and had a design common to many football grounds in the UK at the time, with a single covered stand and three open-air banks of t...
In which stadium has Arsenal played since 2006?
{'text': 'Highbury', 'answer_start': 22}
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From 1869 until 1982, Seattle was known as the "Queen City". Seattle's current official nickname is the "Emerald City", the result of a contest held in 1981; the reference is to the lush evergreen forests of the area. Seattle is also referred to informally as the "Gateway to Alaska" for being the nearest major city in ...
What did Seattle call itself at the time of the Goodwill Games?
{'text': 'The City of Goodwill', 'answer_start': 593}