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The enclosed compound of the Narayanhity Palace Museum is in the north-central part of Kathmandu. "Narayanhity" comes from Narayana, a form of the Hindu god Lord Vishnu, and Hiti, meaning "water spout" (Vishnu's temple is located opposite the palace, and the water spout is located east of the main entrance to the preci...
What god is Narayana?
{'text': 'Vishnu', 'answer_start': 162}
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Hydrogen has three naturally occurring isotopes, denoted 1H, 2H and 3H. Other, highly unstable nuclei (4H to 7H) have been synthesized in the laboratory but not observed in nature.
How many natural isotopes does hydrogen have>
{'text': '3H', 'answer_start': 68}
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The ISO standard ISO 12232:2006 gives digital still camera manufacturers a choice of five different techniques for determining the exposure index rating at each sensitivity setting provided by a particular camera model. Three of the techniques in ISO 12232:2006 are carried over from the 1998 version of the standard, wh...
When did Kodak stop using variations of sensitivity?
{'text': '2001', 'answer_start': 843}
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San Diego and its backcountry are subject to periodic wildfires. In October 2003, San Diego was the site of the Cedar Fire, which has been called the largest wildfire in California over the past century. The fire burned 280,000 acres (1,100 km2), killed 15 people, and destroyed more than 2,200 homes. In addition to dam...
How many acres were burned in the historic Cedar Fire of 2003?
{'text': '280,000 acres (1,100 km2)', 'answer_start': 220}
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To Popper, who was an anti-justificationist, traditional philosophy is misled by the false principle of sufficient reason. He thinks that no assumption can ever be or needs ever to be justified, so a lack of justification is not a justification for doubt. Instead, theories should be tested and scrutinised. It is not th...
What did Popper think should never be tested or scrutinized?
{'text': 'theories', 'answer_start': 265}
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After fans noticed Mercury's increasingly gaunt appearance in 1988, rumours began to spread that Mercury was suffering from AIDS. Mercury flatly denied this, insisting he was merely "exhausted" and too busy to provide interviews. The band decided to continue making albums, starting with The Miracle in 1989 and continui...
Which Queen album was released in 1991?
{'text': 'Innuendo', 'answer_start': 328}
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The pagan Slavic populations were Christianized between the 6th and 10th centuries. Orthodox Christianity is predominant in the East and South Slavs, while Roman Catholicism is predominant in West Slavs and the western South Slavs. The religious borders are largely comparable to the East–West Schism which began in the ...
What schism began in the 10th century?
{'text': 'the East–West Schism', 'answer_start': 280}
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In 1961, writer-editor Stan Lee revolutionized superhero comics by introducing superheroes designed to appeal to more all-ages readers than the predominantly child audiences of the medium. Modern Marvel's first superhero team, the titular stars of The Fantastic Four #1 (Nov. 1961), broke convention with other comic boo...
What was Marvel's least successful book?
{'text': 'The Amazing Spider-Man', 'answer_start': 714}
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In particle physics, this inequality permits a qualitative understanding of virtual particles which carry momentum, exchange by which and with real particles, is responsible for the creation of all known fundamental forces (more accurately known as fundamental interactions). Virtual photons (which are simply lowest qua...
What are simply lowest quantum mechanical energy state of photons?
{'text': 'Virtual photons', 'answer_start': 276}
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Insects (from Latin insectum, a calque of Greek ἔντομον [éntomon], "cut into sections") are a class of invertebrates within the arthropod phylum that have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae. They are the most diverse...
What does insect mean in latin?
{'text': 'cut into sections', 'answer_start': 68}
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According to author Michael Carrithers, while there are good reasons to doubt the traditional account, "the outline of the life must be true: birth, maturity, renunciation, search, awakening and liberation, teaching, death." In writing her biography of the Buddha, Karen Armstrong noted, "It is obviously difficult, ther...
What are some of the outlines of life?
{'text': 'birth, maturity, renunciation', 'answer_start': 142}
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The 19th century also saw the use of red in art to create specific emotions, not just to imitate nature. It saw the systematic study of color theory, and particularly the study of how complementary colors such as red and green reinforced each other when they were placed next to each other. These studies were avidly fol...
What did Theo write to Van Gogh about human passions in 1888?
{'text': '"I sought to express with red and green the terrible human passions. T', 'answer_start': 449}
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Based on earlier transmitted reports, in the year 632, after the demise of Muhammad a number of his companions who knew the Quran by heart were killed in a battle by Musaylimah, the first caliph Abu Bakr (d. 634) decided to collect the book in one volume so that it could be preserved. Zayd ibn Thabit (d. 655) was the p...
In which year did Abu Bakr die?
{'text': '634', 'answer_start': 208}
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On September 21, 1529, Álvaro de Saavedra Cerón commanded the Spanish ship Florida, on his second attempt to recross the Pacific from the Maluku Islands. He stood off a group of islands from which local inhabitants hurled stones at his ship. These islands, which he named "Los Pintados", may have been Ujelang. On Octobe...
What was the name given to the islands reached by Cerón in October of 1529?
{'text': 'Los Jardines', 'answer_start': 489}
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The annual Southampton Boat Show is held in September each year, with over 600 exhibitors present. It runs for just over a week at Mayflower Park on the city's waterfront, where it has been held since 1968. The Boat Show itself is the climax of Sea City, which runs from April to September each year to celebrate Southam...
When was the Boat Show first held in Mayflower Park?
{'text': '1968', 'answer_start': 201}
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Olin has a network of more than 16,000 alumni worldwide. Over the last several years, the school’s endowment has increased to $213 million (2004) and annual gifts average $12 million per year.[citation needed] Simon Hall was opened in 1986 after a donation from John E. Simon. On May 2, 2014, the $90 million conjoined K...
How much did the Bauer Hall cost to build?
{'text': '$10 million', 'answer_start': 434}
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The strides that the Johnson presidency made in ensuring equal opportunity in the workforce were further picked up by his successor Nixon. In 1969 the Nixon administration initiated the "Philadelphia Order". It was regarded as the most forceful plan thus far to guarantee fair hiring practices in construction jobs. Phil...
Who held the position of Assistant Secretary of Labor?
{'text': 'Arthur Fletcher', 'answer_start': 400}
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Spielberg first met actress Amy Irving in 1976 at the suggestion of director Brian De Palma, who knew he was looking for an actress to play in Close Encounters. After meeting her, Spielberg told his co-producer Julia Phillips, "I met a real heartbreaker last night.":293 Although she was too young for the role, she and ...
Who did Spielberg begin dating in 1976?
{'text': 'Amy Irving', 'answer_start': 28}
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The Chronicle reports that Askold and Dir continued to Constantinople with a navy to attack the city in 863–66, catching the Byzantines by surprise and ravaging the surrounding area, though other accounts date the attack in 860. Patriarch Photius vividly describes the "universal" devastation of the suburbs and nearby i...
What did the attack between Rus and Byzantines lead to?
{'text': 'Patriarch to send missionaries north to engage', 'answer_start': 732}
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One of the more prominent contestants this year was Chris Medina, whose story of caring for his brain-damaged fiancée received widespread coverage. Medina was cut in the Top 40 round. Casey Abrams, who suffers from ulcerative colitis, was hospitalized twice and missed the Top 13 result show. The judges used their one s...
Which contestant cared for his brain-damaged fiancee?
{'text': 'Chris Medina', 'answer_start': 52}
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The climate in Southeast Alaska is a mid-latitude oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb) in the southern sections and a subarctic oceanic climate (Köppen Cfc) in the northern parts. On an annual basis, Southeast is both the wettest and warmest part of Alaska with milder temperatures in the winter and high...
Southern Alaska has what two Koppen climate classifications?
{'text': 'mid-latitude oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb) in the southern sections and a subarctic oceanic climate (Köppen Cfc) in the northern parts', 'answer_start': 37}
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These years included what was called "spectacularly malicious coverage" of the Labour Party by The Sun and other newspapers. During the general election of 1983 The Sun ran a front page featuring an unflattering photograph of Michael Foot, then aged almost 70, claiming he was unfit to be Prime Minister on grounds of hi...
Who did The Sun support in the 1984 U.S. presidential election?
{'text': 'Ronald Reagan', 'answer_start': 516}
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In modern Iran, he is considered a national icon, and is often regarded as one of the greatest Persians to have ever lived. A monument was erected outside the Bukhara museum[year needed]. The Avicenna Mausoleum and Museum in Hamadan was built in 1952. Bu-Ali Sina University in Hamadan (Iran), Avicenna Research Institut...
Where is the Avicenna Mausoleum and Museum located?
{'text': 'Hamadan', 'answer_start': 225}
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The era of manufactured fibers began with the development of rayon in France in the 1890s. Rayon is derived from a natural cellulose and cannot be considered synthetic, but requires extensive processing in a manufacturing process, and led the less expensive replacement of more naturally derived materials. A succession ...
What was the first polyester fiber?
{'text': 'Rayon', 'answer_start': 91}
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Typical jungle animals, particularly tigers and leopards, occur sparsely in Myanmar. In upper Myanmar, there are rhinoceros, wild buffalo, wild boars, deer, antelope, and elephants, which are also tamed or bred in captivity for use as work animals, particularly in the lumber industry. Smaller mammals are also numerous,...
What animals where domesticated in Burma for industry use ?
{'text': 'elephants, which are also tamed or bred in captivity for use as work animals', 'answer_start': 171}
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Instead of being defined by "non" words, some organizations are suggesting new, positive-sounding terminology to describe the sector. The term "civil society organization" (CSO) has been used by a growing number of organizations, such as the Center for the Study of Global Governance. The term "citizen sector organizati...
What type of language has it been suggested that NPOs should begin to get away from?
{'text': '"non" words', 'answer_start': 28}
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On September 30, 1989, thousands of Belorussians, denouncing local leaders, marched through Minsk to demand additional cleanup of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster site in Ukraine. Up to 15,000 protesters wearing armbands bearing radioactivity symbols and carrying the banned red-and-white Belorussian national flag filed thro...
Where did the Chernobyl Disaster occur?
{'text': 'Ukraine', 'answer_start': 166}
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Charleston is the oldest and second-largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston–North Charleston–Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline and is loca...
What river mergers with the Cooper River to form Charleston Harbor?
{'text': 'Ashley Rivers', 'answer_start': 486}
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In Latin, on the other hand, the [First name] Cardinal [Surname] order is used in the proclamation of the election of a new pope by the cardinal protodeacon: "Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus Papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum, Dominum (first name) Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem (last name), ....
When was the most recent election of a non-cardinal?
{'text': '1378', 'answer_start': 630}
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The Shia tariqah with a majority of adherents are the Twelvers who are commonly known as the "Shia". After that come the Nizari Ismailis commonly known as the Ismailis; and then come the Mustalian Ismailis commonly known as the "Bohras" with further schisms within their Bohri tariqah. The Druze tariqah (very small in n...
What are the Nizari Ismailis more commonly known as?
{'text': 'Ismailis', 'answer_start': 159}
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A. A. Luce and John Foster are other subjectivists. Luce, in Sense without Matter (1954), attempts to bring Berkeley up to date by modernizing his vocabulary and putting the issues he faced in modern terms, and treats the Biblical account of matter and the psychology of perception and nature. Foster's The Case for Idea...
What did Foster publish after A World For Us?
{'text': 'The Case for Idealism', 'answer_start': 303}
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In antiquity, the ancestors of the Somali people were an important link in the Horn of Africa connecting the region's commerce with the rest of the ancient world. Somali sailors and merchants were the main suppliers of frankincense, myrrh and spices, items which were considered valuable luxuries by the Ancient Egyptian...
Along with the ancient Phoenicians, Egyptians and Babylonians, what ancient people regarded myrrh as a luxury?
{'text': 'Mycenaeans', 'answer_start': 336}
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The MoD has since been regarded as a leader in elaborating the post-Cold War organising concept of "defence diplomacy". As a result of the Strategic Defence and Security Review 2010, Prime Minister David Cameron signed a 50-year treaty with French President Nicolas Sarkozy that would have the two countries co-operate i...
What is France establishing in the Persian Gulf?
{'text': 'air and naval bases', 'answer_start': 375}
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Approximately one-third of East Prussia's population died in the plague and famine of 1709–1711, including the last speakers of Old Prussian. The plague, probably brought by foreign troops during the Great Northern War, killed 250,000 East Prussians, especially in the province's eastern regions. Crown Prince Frederick ...
What wiped out one third of East Prussia's population during the early 1700's?
{'text': 'the plague and famine', 'answer_start': 61}
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Ottoman government deliberately pursued a policy for the development of Bursa, Edirne, and Istanbul, successive Ottoman capitals, into major commercial and industrial centres, considering that merchants and artisans were indispensable in creating a new metropolis. To this end, Mehmed and his successor Bayezid, also enc...
What group were Jews being persecuted by in Europe?
{'text': 'their Christian counterparts', 'answer_start': 535}
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From 1955 until 1997 Sichuan had been China's most populous province, hitting 100 million mark shortly after the 1982 census figure of 99,730,000. This changed in 1997 when the Sub-provincial city of Chongqing as well as the three surrounding prefectures of Fuling, Wanxian, and Qianjiang were split off into the new Cho...
Why did Sichuan lose its status as the most populous Province in 1997?
{'text': 'Chongqing as well as the three surrounding prefectures of Fuling, Wanxian, and Qianjiang were split off into the new Chongqing Municipality.', 'answer_start': 200}
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The Celts who settled in Galatia came through Thrace under the leadership of Leotarios and Leonnorios circa 270 BC. They were defeated by Seleucus I in the 'battle of the Elephants', but were still able to establish a Celtic territory in central Anatolia. The Galatians were well respected as warriors and were widely us...
What century did the Galatians become allies of Antiochus the Great?
{'text': '2nd century BC', 'answer_start': 919}
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The Desert National Park in Jaisalmer is spread over an area of 3,162 square kilometres (1,221 sq mi), is an excellent example of the ecosystem of the Thar Desert and its diverse fauna. Seashells and massive fossilised tree trunks in this park record the geological history of the desert. The region is a haven for migra...
Besides Falco jugger, what is the other name for short-toed eagles?
{'text': '(Circaetus gallicus)', 'answer_start': 454}
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On 22 August, one day after the talks broke down with France and Britain, Moscow revealed that Ribbentrop would visit Stalin the next day. This happened while the Soviets were still negotiating with the British and French missions in Moscow. With the Western nations unwilling to accede to Soviet demands, Stalin instead...
Which Foreign Minister would disagree to meet with Stalin on to sign a secret agreement?
{'text': 'Ribbentrop', 'answer_start': 95}
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Napoleon's noble, moderately affluent background afforded him greater opportunities to study than were available to a typical Corsican of the time. In January 1779, he was enrolled at a religious school in Autun. In May, he was admitted to a military academy at Brienne-le-Château. His first language was Corsican, and h...
When did Napoleon begin religious schooling in Autun?
{'text': 'January 1779', 'answer_start': 151}
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After independence, the Chief Commissioner's Province of H.P. came into being on 15 April 1948 as a result of integration of 28 petty princely states (including feudal princes and zaildars) in the promontories of the western Himalaya, known in full as the Simla Hills States and four Punjab southern hill states by issue...
What is the rank of Simla in the state of India's union?
{'text': 'the 18th state', 'answer_start': 1532}
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The final major aspect of identity formation is self-esteem. Self-esteem is defined as one's thoughts and feelings about one's self-concept and identity. Most theories on self-esteem state that there is a grand desire, across all genders and ages, to maintain, protect and enhance their self-esteem. Contrary to popular ...
Is there evidence to support a drop in self-esteem during adolescence?
{'text': 'no', 'answer_start': 337}
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The term comics refers to the comics medium when used as an uncountable noun and thus takes the singular: "comics is a medium" rather than "comics are a medium". When comic appears as a countable noun it refers to instances of the medium, such as individual comic strips or comic books: "Tom's comics are in the basement...
When comedies appears as a countable noun it refers to what?
{'text': 'instances of the medium', 'answer_start': 214}
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Hoping to extend the Continental System, Napoleon invaded Iberia and declared his brother Joseph the King of Spain in 1808. The Spanish and the Portuguese revolted with British support. The Peninsular War lasted six years, noted for its brutal guerrilla warfare, and culminated in an Allied victory. Fighting also erupte...
How long did the Peninsular War last?
{'text': 'six years', 'answer_start': 212}
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The eastern shoreline of Funafuti Lagoon was modified during World War II when the airfield (what is now Funafuti International Airport) was constructed. The coral base of the atoll was used as fill to create the runway. The resulting borrow pits impacted the fresh-water aquifer. In the low areas of Funafuti the sea wa...
What government funded the restoration of the borrow pits on Tuvalu?
{'text': 'New Zealand Government', 'answer_start': 744}
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Based on the strength of his work, Universal signed Spielberg to do four TV films. The first was a Richard Matheson adaptation called Duel. The film is about a psychotic Peterbilt 281 tanker truck driver who chases the terrified driver (Dennis Weaver) of a small Plymouth Valiant and tries to run him off the road. Speci...
Who starred in Duel as the tanker truck driver?
{'text': 'Dennis Weaver', 'answer_start': 237}
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Immanuel Velikovsky is an example of a recent scientific exoheretic; he did not have appropriate scientific credentials or did not publish in scientific journals. While the details of his work are in scientific disrepute, the concept of catastrophic change (extinction event and punctuated equilibrium) has gained accept...
Who's work is widely excepted among scientest today?
{'text': 'Immanuel Velikovsky', 'answer_start': 0}
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Richmond is also fast-becoming known for its food scene, with several restaurants in the Fan, Church Hill, Jackson Ward and elsewhere around the city generating regional and national attention for their fare. Departures magazine named Richmond "The Next Great American Food City" in August 2014. Also in 2014, Southern L...
When was James River Distillery founded?
{'text': '2014', 'answer_start': 824}
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The Qing dynasty (1644–1911) was founded after the fall of the Ming, the last Han Chinese dynasty, by the Manchus. The Manchus were formerly known as the Jurchens. When Beijing was captured by Li Zicheng's peasant rebels in 1644, the Chongzhen Emperor, the last Ming emperor, committed suicide. The Manchus then allied w...
What were the Manchus originally named?
{'text': 'Jurchens', 'answer_start': 154}
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The European powers continued to pursue diplomatic avenues. The representatives of the four neutral Great Powers—the United Kingdom, France, Austria and Prussia—met in Vienna, where they drafted a note that they hoped would be acceptable to both the Russians and the Ottomans. The peace terms arrived at by the four powe...
Who approved the proposal given by Count Karl von Buol ?
{'text': 'Nicholas I', 'answer_start': 486}
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The Continental Army was created on 14 June 1775 by the Continental Congress as a unified army for the colonies to fight Great Britain, with George Washington appointed as its commander. The army was initially led by men who had served in the British Army or colonial militias and who brought much of British military he...
When did Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben teach Prussian tactics?
{'text': '14 June 1775', 'answer_start': 36}
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In December 2005, Imperial announced a science park programme at the Wye campus, with extensive housing; however, this was abandoned in September 2006 following complaints that the proposal infringed on Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and that the true scale of the scheme, which could have raised £110m for the Col...
Where was Imperial's science park programme located?
{'text': 'Wye campus', 'answer_start': 69}
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Rugby union is the national sport in Samoa and the national team, nicknamed the Manu Samoa, is consistently competitive against teams from vastly more populous nations. Samoa has competed at every Rugby World Cup since 1991, and made the quarter finals in 1991, 1995 and the second round of the 1999 world cup. At the 20...
In what year did Manu Samoa make it to the second round of the World Cup?
{'text': '1999', 'answer_start': 295}
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About 98% of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, a sheet of ice averaging at least 1.6 km (1.0 mi) thick. The continent has about 90% of the world's ice (and thereby about 70% of the world's fresh water). If all of this ice were melted, sea levels would rise about 60 m (200 ft). In most of the interior of...
How would the sea levels rise 200 m?
{'text': 'If all of this ice were melted', 'answer_start': 219}
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Many of the world's largest cruise ships can regularly be seen in Southampton water, including record-breaking vessels from Royal Caribbean and Carnival Corporation & plc. The latter has headquarters in Southampton, with its brands including Princess Cruises, P&O Cruises and Cunard Line.
In addition to P&O Cruises and Cunard Line, what other brand does Carnival Corporation own?
{'text': 'Princess Cruises', 'answer_start': 242}
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The following era was marked by instability, as over 1.5 million propertyless Greek refugees from Turkey had to be integrated into Greek society. Because the term "Greeks" in the exchange was based on religion Cappadocian Greeks, Pontian Greeks, and non Greek followers of Greek Orthodoxy were all subject to the exchang...
Demotic speaking Greek refugees were placed where?
{'text': 'Greek Isles and cities', 'answer_start': 798}
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Bradley was the apparent target of G. E. Moore's radical rejection of idealism. Moore claimed that Bradley did not understand the statement that something is real. We know for certain, through common sense and prephilosophical beliefs, that some things are real, whether they are objects of thought or not, according to ...
In his rejection of idealism, whose thought did Moore attack?
{'text': 'Bradley', 'answer_start': 0}
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T. Gilmartin, (Professor of History, Maynooth, 1890), writes in Church History, Vol. 1, Ch XVII: By Constantius's order, the sole ruler of The Roman Empire at the death of his brother Constans, the Council of Arles in 353, was held, which was presided over by Vincent, Bishop of Capua, in the name of Pope Liberius. The ...
Who did not consent to a new trial?
{'text': 'Constantius', 'answer_start': 608}
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In Why F A Hayek is a Conservative, British policy analyst Madsen Pirie claims Hayek mistakes the nature of the conservative outlook. Conservatives, he says, are not averse to change – but like Hayek, they are highly averse to change being imposed on the social order by people in authority who think they know how to ru...
What does Pirie claim conservatives want for the free market?
{'text': 'to function smoothly', 'answer_start': 367}
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Balansiyya had a rebirth of sorts with the beginning of the Taifa of Valencia kingdom in the 11th century. The town grew, and during the reign of Abd al-Aziz a new city wall was built, remains of which are preserved throughout the Old City (Ciutat Vella) today. The Castilian nobleman Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar, known as El ...
Who took El Cid's position after his death?
{'text': 'Ximena Díaz', 'answer_start': 914}
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Southampton is a major UK port which has good transport links with the rest of the country. The M27 motorway, linking places along the south coast of England, runs just to the north of the city. The M3 motorway links the city to London and also, via a link to the A34 (part of the European route E05) at Winchester, with...
What spur of the M27 connects it to Southampton's city centre and Western Docks?
{'text': 'M271', 'answer_start': 349}
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Protestants have founded hospitals, homes for disabled or elderly people, educational institutions, organizations that give aid to developing countries, and other social welfare agencies. In the nineteenth century, throughout the Anglo-American world, numerous dedicated members of all Protestant denominations were acti...
What did Bismarck consider social insurance programs to be?
{'text': 'practical Christianity', 'answer_start': 698}
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With the help of Mises, in the late 1920s Hayek founded and served as director of the Austrian Institute for Business Cycle Research, before joining the faculty of the London School of Economics (LSE) in 1931 at the behest of Lionel Robbins. Upon his arrival in London, Hayek was quickly recognised as one of the leading...
Who requested that Hayek be employed by LSE?
{'text': 'Lionel Robbins', 'answer_start': 226}
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In the May 23 season finale, Jordin Sparks was declared the winner with the runner-up being Blake Lewis. Sparks has had some success as a recording artist post-Idol.
Who was the winner of American Idols sixth season?
{'text': 'Jordin Sparks', 'answer_start': 29}
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In 2013–14 a pornographic actor was trying to remove archived images of himself, first by sending multiple DMCA requests to the Archive and then in the Federal Court of Canada.
What was the DMCA trying to remove?
{'text': 'archived images', 'answer_start': 53}
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The crusaders consolidated their conquests into crusader states. During the 12th and 13th centuries, there were a series of conflicts between those states and the surrounding Islamic states. Appeals from those states to the papacy led to further crusades, such as the Third Crusade, called to try to regain Jerusalem, wh...
In what year did the Fourth Crusade occur?
{'text': '1203', 'answer_start': 378}
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The cathedral has a heliometer (solar "observatory") of 1690, one of a number built in Italy in the 17th and 18th centuries. The device itself is quite simple: a tiny hole in one of the minor domes acts as pinhole camera, projecting an image of the sun onto the floor at solar noon (12:00 in winter, 13:00 in summer). Th...
What is a heliometer?
{'text': 'solar "observatory"', 'answer_start': 32}
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At the dawn of the Grand Lodge era, during the 1720s, James Anderson composed the first printed constitutions for Freemasons, the basis for most subsequent constitutions, which specifically excluded women from Freemasonry. As Freemasonry spread, continental masons began to include their ladies in Lodges of Adoption, wh...
What was banned for women as Freemasonry began to spread?
{'text': 'Lodges of Adoption', 'answer_start': 298}
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In 1528 the bishop lost secular power over both Neder- and Oversticht – which included the city of Utrecht – to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Charles V combined the Seventeen Provinces (the current Benelux and the northern parts of France) as a personal union. This ended the prince-bishopric Utrecht, as the secular ru...
What bishopric was raised archbishopric in the 15th century?
{'text': 'bishopric of Utrecht', 'answer_start': 484}
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The actual substance of English law was formally "received" into the United States in several ways. First, all U.S. states except Louisiana have enacted "reception statutes" which generally state that the common law of England (particularly judge-made law) is the law of the state to the extent that it is not repugnant ...
Some reception statutes impose what?
{'text': 'a specific cutoff date', 'answer_start': 393}
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The Traymore Hotel was located at the corner of Illinois Avenue and the boardwalk. Begun in 1879 as a small boarding house, the hotel grew through a series of uncoordinated expansions. By 1914, the hotel's owner, Daniel White, taking a hint from the Marlborough-Blenheim, commissioned the firm of Price and McLanahan to ...
What was the name of the hotel located at the corner of Illinois Avenue and the boardwalk?
{'text': 'The Traymore Hotel', 'answer_start': 0}
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Though sexual attraction, behavior, and identity are all components of sexual orientation, if a person defined by one of these dimensions were congruent with those defined by another dimension it would not matter which was used in assessing orientation, but this is not the case. There is "little coherent relationship b...
What is there little coherent relationships between?
{'text': "the amount and mix of homosexual and heterosexual behavior in a person's biography and that person's choice to label himself", 'answer_start': 327}
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Queen have been featured multiple times in the Guitar Hero franchise: a cover of "Killer Queen" in the original Guitar Hero, "We Are The Champions", "Fat Bottomed Girls", and the Paul Rodgers collaboration "C-lebrity" in a track pack for Guitar Hero World Tour, "Under Pressure" with David Bowie in Guitar Hero 5, "I Wan...
Which member of Queen discussed a possible Queen Rock Band video game?
{'text': 'Brian May', 'answer_start': 481}
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In absolute terms, the planet has lost 52% of its biodiversity since 1970 according to a 2014 study by the World Wildlife Fund. The Living Planet Report 2014 claims that "the number of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish across the globe is, on average, about half the size it was 40 years ago". Of that number...
What percentage of biodiversity has the planet lost since 2014?
{'text': '52%', 'answer_start': 39}
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Food is passed from the kitchen to the stube, where the dining room table is placed. Some meals are communal, such as fondue, where a pot is set in the middle of the table for each person to dip into. Other meals are still served in a traditional manner on carved wooden plates. Furniture has been traditionally elaborat...
How is furniture traditionally carved?
{'text': 'elaborately', 'answer_start': 312}
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Animals that characterize the Appalachian forests include five species of tree squirrels. The most commonly seen is the low to moderate elevation eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). Occupying similar habitat is the slightly larger fox squirrel (Sciurus niger) and the much smaller southern flying squirrel (Gla...
Which species is commonly found more in spruce-fir forests?
{'text': 'Appalachian northern flying squirrel', 'answer_start': 461}
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Many sleeping birds bend their heads over their backs and tuck their bills in their back feathers, although others place their beaks among their breast feathers. Many birds rest on one leg, while some may pull up their legs into their feathers, especially in cold weather. Perching birds have a tendon locking mechanism ...
A few parrots of what genus roost hanging upside down?
{'text': 'Loriculus', 'answer_start': 471}
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The most-viewed network in France, TF1, is in nearby Boulogne-Billancourt; France 2, France 3, Canal+, France 5, M6 (Neuilly-sur-Seine), Arte, D8, W9, NT1, NRJ 12, La Chaîne parlementaire, France 4, BFM TV, and Gulli are other stations located in and around the capital. Radio France, France's public radio broadcaster, ...
What is France's public radio broadcaster?
{'text': 'Radio France', 'answer_start': 271}
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Although most hardware clones were not produced under license by Nintendo, certain companies were granted licenses to produce NES-compatible devices. The Sharp Corporation produced at least two such clones: the Twin Famicom and the SHARP 19SC111 television. The Twin Famicom was compatible with both Famicom cartridges a...
What was compatible with Famicom cartridges and IDS systems?
{'text': 'Twin Famicom', 'answer_start': 211}
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After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities ...
What statement was replaced in her proclamation about the civil war?
{'text': 'a reference threatening the "undermining of native religions and customs"', 'answer_start': 645}
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Although theoretically a collegial body operating through consensus building, Gaddafi dominated the RCC, although some of the others attempted to constrain what they saw as his excesses. Gaddafi remained the government's public face, with the identities of the other RCC members only being publicly revealed on 10 Januar...
What was the sex of all the members of the RCC?
{'text': 'men', 'answer_start': 338}
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At this time, Britain and France became bitter rivals. Frequent skirmishes between them took place for control of colonial possessions. In 1742, fearing the monetary consequences of a war, the British government agreed to extend the deadline for the licensed exclusive trade by the company in India until 1783, in return...
Which colonies were abandoned when the British state focus went from trade to protecting Europe?
{'text': 'colonies in North America', 'answer_start': 513}
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The current–voltage characteristic of an LED is similar to other diodes, in that the current is dependent exponentially on the voltage (see Shockley diode equation). This means that a small change in voltage can cause a large change in current. If the applied voltage exceeds the LED's forward voltage drop by a small am...
How are non-LEDs similar to other diodes?
{'text': 'current is dependent exponentially', 'answer_start': 85}
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As many as five bands were on tour during the 1920s. The Jenkins Orphanage Band played in the inaugural parades of Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Taft and toured the USA and Europe. The band also played on Broadway for the play "Porgy" by DuBose and Dorothy Heyward, a stage version of their novel of the same...
Where did Gershwin and Heyward write their folk opera?
{'text': 'Folly Beach outside of Charleston', 'answer_start': 740}
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Coordinative definition has two major features. The first has to do with coordinating units of length with certain physical objects. This is motivated by the fact that we can never directly apprehend length. Instead we must choose some physical object, say the Standard Metre at the Bureau International des Poids et Mes...
How must diffrence of l;ength be set?
{'text': 'by definition', 'answer_start': 993}
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Several governments maintain permanent manned research stations on the continent. The number of people conducting and supporting scientific research and other work on the continent and its nearby islands varies from about 1,000 in winter to about 5,000 in the summer, giving it a population density between 70 and 350 in...
About long long do researchers stay when researching in Antarctica?
{'text': 'one-year', 'answer_start': 537}
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It criticised Forsyth's decision to record a conversation with Harry as an abuse of teacher–student confidentiality and said "It is clear whichever version of the evidence is accepted that Mr Burke did ask the claimant to assist Prince Harry with text for his expressive art project ... It is not part of this tribunal's...
Who issued the statement for the school?
{'text': 'Mr Burke', 'answer_start': 189}
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Three daily newspapers serve Melbourne: the Herald Sun (tabloid), The Age (formerly broadsheet, now compact) and The Australian (national broadsheet). Six free-to-air television stations service Greater Melbourne and Geelong: ABC Victoria, (ABV), SBS Victoria (SBS), Seven Melbourne (HSV), Nine Melbourne (GTV), Ten Melb...
How many free-to-air television stations service Greater Melbourne and Geelong?
{'text': 'Six', 'answer_start': 151}
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Astronomy: Astronomical observations from China constitute the longest continuous sequence from any civilisation and include records of sunspots (112 records from 364 BC), supernovas (1054), lunar and solar eclipses. By the 12th century, they could reasonably accurately make predictions of eclipses, but the knowledge o...
How many records of sunspots are there?
{'text': '112', 'answer_start': 146}
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The final decades of the 20th century have seen the rise of a new interdisciplinary approach to studying human psychology, known collectively as cognitive science. Cognitive science again considers the mind as a subject for investigation, using the tools of psychology, linguistics, computer science, philosophy, and neu...
What inventions advanced the study of cognitive science?
{'text': 'PET scans and CAT scans', 'answer_start': 393}
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Katō Kiyomasa was one of the most powerful and well-known lords of the Sengoku Era. He commanded most of Japan's major clans during the invasion of Korea (1592–1598). In a handbook he addressed to "all samurai, regardless of rank" he told his followers that a warrior's only duty in life was to "...grasp the long and th...
When did Japan finish invading Korea?
{'text': '1598', 'answer_start': 160}
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Neptune is not visible to the unaided eye and is the only planet in the Solar System found by mathematical prediction rather than by empirical observation. Unexpected changes in the orbit of Uranus led Alexis Bouvard to deduce that its orbit was subject to gravitational perturbation by an unknown planet. Neptune was su...
Who discovered Uranus?
{'text': 'Alexis Bouvard', 'answer_start': 202}
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Anthropology and many other current fields are the intellectual results of the comparative methods developed in the earlier 19th century. Theorists in such diverse fields as anatomy, linguistics, and Ethnology, making feature-by-feature comparisons of their subject matters, were beginning to suspect that similarities b...
What were theorists in diverse fields beginning to notice between animals and languages?
{'text': 'similarities', 'answer_start': 306}
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Life with PlayStation, released on September 18, 2008 to succeed Folding@home, was retired November 6, 2012. Life with PlayStation used virtual globe data to display news and information by city. Along with Folding@home functionality, the application provided access to three other information "channels", the first bein...
Life was able to personalize information for users by what location division?
{'text': 'city', 'answer_start': 190}
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The TCM Vault Collection consists of several different DVD collections of rare classic films that have been licensed, remastered and released by Turner Classic Movies (through corporate sister Warner Home Video). These boxed set releases are of films by notable actors, directors or studios that were previously unreleas...
What do the DVD Vault Collection bonus discs feature in addition to documentaries?
{'text': 'shorts', 'answer_start': 401}
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Matsushita provided a cash infusion, but the clash of cultures was too great to overcome, and five years later Matsushita sold an 80% stake in MCA/Universal to Canadian drinks distributor Seagram for $5.7 billion. Seagram sold off its stake in DuPont to fund this expansion into the entertainment industry. Hoping to bui...
What percent stake did MCA/Univeral have in Matsushita?
{'text': '80%', 'answer_start': 130}
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Throughout the course of its life, a number of peripherals were released which added to the functionality of the SNES. Many of these devices were modeled after earlier add-ons for the NES: the Super Scope is a light gun functionally similar to the NES Zapper (though the Super Scope features wireless capabilities) and t...
What game accessory was similar to the NES Advantage?
{'text': 'Super Advantage', 'answer_start': 323}
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A political party is typically led by a party leader (the most powerful member and spokesperson representing the party), a party secretary (who maintains the daily work and records of party meetings), party treasurer (who is responsible for membership dues) and party chair (who forms strategies for recruiting and retai...
What are the duties of a national committee?
{'text': 'forms strategies for recruiting and retaining party members, and also chairs party meetings', 'answer_start': 279}
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Old English was not static, and its usage covered a period of 700 years, from the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain in the 5th century to the late 11th century, some time after the Norman invasion. While indicating that the establishment of dates is an arbitrary process, Albert Baugh dates Old English from 450 to 1150,...
In what century did Old English cease to be used?
{'text': '11th', 'answer_start': 147}
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Following the assassination of Phillip II, his son Alexander III ("The Great") assumed the leadership of the League of Corinth and launched an invasion of the Persian Empire with the combined forces of all Greek states in 334 BC. Undefeated in battle, Alexander had conquered the Persian Empire in its entirety by 330 BC...
In which year did Alexander III die?
{'text': '323 BC', 'answer_start': 350}