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Political color schemes in the United States diverge from international norms. Since 2000, red has become associated with the right-wing Republican Party and blue with the left-wing Democratic Party. However, unlike political color schemes of other countries, the parties did not choose those colors; they were used in n...
What happened when other countries violated political color scheme norms in 2000?
{'text': 'ensuing legal battle', 'answer_start': 362}
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Western political philosophy originates in the philosophy of ancient Greece, where political philosophy dates back to at least Plato. Ancient Greece was dominated by city-states, which experimented with various forms of political organization, grouped by Plato into four categories: timocracy, tyranny, democracy and oli...
What was influenced by timocracy in Rome?
{'text': 'Roman political philosophy', 'answer_start': 495}
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In 1976 the future Labour prime minister James Callaghan launched what became known as the 'great debate' on the education system. He went on to list the areas he felt needed closest scrutiny: the case for a core curriculum, the validity and use of informal teaching methods, the role of school inspection and the future...
Which political party was James Callaghan not a member of?
{'text': 'Labour', 'answer_start': 19}
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Actor Dominic West has been unenthusiastic about the career benefits of being an Old Etonian, saying it "is a stigma that is slightly above 'paedophile' in the media in a gallery of infamy", but asked whether he would consider sending his own children there, said "Yes, I would. It’s an extraordinary place... It has the...
Which actor states there are widespread misconceptions about Eton?
{'text': 'Tom Hiddleston', 'answer_start': 433}
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In 2010, Executive Order 13526 created the National Declassification Center to coordinate declassification practices across agencies, provide secure document services to other agencies, and review records in NARA custody for declassification.
What is the number of the order written by NARA to declassify documents?
{'text': '13526', 'answer_start': 25}
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In 1926, Universal opened a production unit in Germany, Deutsche Universal-Film AG, under the direction of Joe Pasternak. This unit produced three to four films per year until 1936, migrating to Hungary and then Austria in the face of Hitler's increasing domination of central Europe. With the advent of sound, these pro...
In what year did Deutsche Universal-Film AG open?
{'text': '1926', 'answer_start': 3}
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Interspecific crop diversity is, in part, responsible for offering variety in what we eat. Intraspecific diversity, the variety of alleles within a single species, also offers us choice in our diets. If a crop fails in a monoculture, we rely on agricultural diversity to replant the land with something new. If a wheat c...
What type of a society primarily grows monocultures?
{'text': 'agricultural society', 'answer_start': 567}
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On June 18, 2009, the National Archives announced the launching of a YouTube channel "to showcase popular archived films, inform the public about upcoming events around the country, and bring National Archives exhibits to the people." Also in 2009, the National Archives launched a Flickr photostream to share portions o...
What was featured on Flickr in June 2009 for creating classroom activities and lessons?
{'text': 'lesson plans and tools', 'answer_start': 589}
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The most important archaeological discoveries in Sumer are a large number of tablets written in cuneiform. Sumerian writing, while proven to be not the oldest example of writing on earth, is considered to be a great milestone in the development of man's ability to not only create historical records but also in creating...
What type of ideogram writings have survived?
{'text': 'personal or business letters, receipts, lexical lists, laws, hymns, prayers, stories, daily records, and even libraries full of clay tablets', 'answer_start': 727}
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DST clock shifts sometimes complicate timekeeping and can disrupt travel, billing, record keeping, medical devices, heavy equipment, and sleep patterns. Computer software can often adjust clocks automatically, but policy changes by various jurisdictions of the dates and timings of DST may be confusing.
What can be affected by DST that might disrupt plans for a vacation?
{'text': 'travel', 'answer_start': 66}
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The Yale Provost's Office has launched several women into prominent university presidencies. In 1977 Hanna Holborn Gray was appointed acting President of Yale from this position, and went on to become President of the University of Chicago, the first woman to be full president of a major university. In 1994 Yale Provos...
Who was appointed acting President of Yale in 1979?
{'text': 'Hanna Holborn Gray', 'answer_start': 101}
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Drinking habits and the motives behind them often reflect certain aspects of an individual's personality; in fact, four dimensions of the Five-Factor Model of personality demonstrate associations with drinking motives (all but 'Openness'). Greater enhancement motives for alcohol consumption tend to reflect high levels ...
Which motivation for drinking alcohol results in low conscientiousness, lowered inhibition, and greater tendency towards aggression?
{'text': 'enjoyment', 'answer_start': 379}
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According to the same study, even though digital piracy inflicts additional costs on the production side of media, it also offers the main access to media goods in developing countries. The strong tradeoffs that favor using digital piracy in developing economies dictate the current neglected law enforcements toward dig...
What does the government of this country provide to non-businesses that produce content?
{'text': 'connections', 'answer_start': 503}
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Canada also permits a variety of charities (including public and private foundations). Charitable status is granted by the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) upon application by a nonprofit; charities are allowed to issue income tax receipts to donors, must spend a certain percentage of their assets (including cash, investmen...
How does an NPO keep their charitable status?
{'text': 'file annual reports', 'answer_start': 345}
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Finland has used comprehensive schools since the 1970s, in the sense that everyone is expected to complete the nine grades of peruskoulu, from the age 7 to 16. The division to lower comprehensive school (grades 1–6, ala-aste, alakoulu) and upper comprehensive school (grades 7–9, yläaste, yläkoulu) has been discontinued...
What age ranges does Finnish uncomprehensive school cover?
{'text': '7 to 16', 'answer_start': 151}
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An investigation by ProPublica found that at least 21 doctors have been paid more than $500,000 for speeches and consulting by drugs manufacturers since 2009, with half of the top earners working in psychiatry, and about $2 billion in total paid to doctors for such services. AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson and Eli Lilly...
Billions of dollars have been paid by which companies?
{'text': 'AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson and Eli Lilly', 'answer_start': 276}
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During 1889, Thomas Edison had business interests in many electricity-related companies: Edison Lamp Company, a lamp manufacturer in East Newark, New Jersey; Edison Machine Works, a manufacturer of dynamos and large electric motors in Schenectady, New York; Bergmann & Company, a manufacturer of electric lighting fixtur...
In what city was Bergmann & Company headquartered?
{'text': 'East Newark', 'answer_start': 133}
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One result of debates over the meaning and validity of the concept of race is that the current literature across different disciplines regarding human variation lacks consensus, though within some fields, such as some branches of anthropology, there is strong consensus. Some studies use the word race in its early essen...
What do some studies use the word race in the sense of?
{'text': 'taxonomic', 'answer_start': 328}
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In November 2010, 27,000 (45%) inhabitants of stersund, Sweden, were affected by a waterborne outbreak of cryptosporidiosis. The outbreak was characterized by a rapid onset and high attack rate, especially among young and middle-aged persons. Young age, number of infected family members, amount of water consumed dai...
What are the symptoms?
{'answer_id': 273731, 'document_id': 445541, 'question_id': 138429, 'text': 'diarrhea', 'answer_start': 507, 'answer_category': 'SHORT'}
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The city provides sewage disposal and water supply services, with water coming from the Huron River and groundwater sources. There are two water-treatment plants, one main and three outlying reservoirs, four pump stations, and two water towers. These facilities serve the city, which is divided into five water districts...
How many pump stations do private entities have?
{'text': 'four', 'answer_start': 203}
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Cities not served by road, sea, or river can be reached only by air, foot, dogsled, or snowmachine, accounting for Alaska's extremely well developed bush air services—an Alaskan novelty. Anchorage and, to a lesser extent Fairbanks, is served by many major airlines. Because of limited highway access, air travel remains ...
How many visitors came to Alaska between 2012-2013?
{'text': 'almost 2 million', 'answer_start': 575}
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However, during this period, major figures and artists in the scene began leaning away from underground aesthetics. In the music press, the increasingly esoteric writing of post-punk publications soon began to alienate their readerships; it is estimated that within several years, NME suffered the loss of half its circu...
What scene was not club-oriented?
{'text': 'New Romantic', 'answer_start': 868}
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The statement that Joseph "knew her not till she brought forth her first born son" (Matthew 1:25 DouayRheims) has been debated among scholars, with some saying that she did not remain a virgin and some saying that she was a perpetual virgin. Other scholars contend that the Greek word heos (i.e., until) denotes a state ...
Who do Christians believe is prophesized in Isaiah 7:14?
{'text': 'Virgin Mary', 'answer_start': 741}
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The team worked on a Wii control scheme, adapting camera control and the fighting mechanics to the new interface. A prototype was created that used a swinging gesture to control the sword from a first-person viewpoint, but was unable to show the variety of Link's movements. When the third-person view was restored, Aonu...
In what year did Nintendo reveal that the two different releases of Twilight Princess were planned for launch at the same time as NGC?
{'text': '2006', 'answer_start': 959}
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The first Europeans to disembark and explore the region were the Portuguese navigators Diogo Cão in 1485 and Bartolomeu Dias in 1486; still the region was not claimed by the Portuguese crown. However, like most of Sub-Saharan Africa, Namibia was not extensively explored by Europeans until the 19th century, when traders...
What nationality were the first navigators to explore Namibia come from?
{'text': 'Portuguese', 'answer_start': 65}
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In 1968 Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle published The Sound Pattern of English (SPE), the basis for generative phonology. In this view, phonological representations are sequences of segments made up of distinctive features. These features were an expansion of earlier work by Roman Jakobson, Gunnar Fant, and Morris Halle....
What are from a universally important syllable?
{'text': 'features', 'answer_start': 325}
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DC systems (especially third-rail systems) are limited to relatively low voltages and this can limit the size and speed of trains and cannot use low-level platform and also limit the amount of air-conditioning that the trains can provide. This may be a factor favouring overhead wires and high-voltage AC, even for urban...
What is not a factor favoring overhead wires and high-voltage AC?
{'text': 'the amount of air-conditioning that the trains can provide', 'answer_start': 179}
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In the mid-1990s, Dell expanded beyond desktop computers and laptops by selling servers, starting with low-end servers. The major three providers of servers at the time were IBM, Hewlett Packard, and Compaq, many of which were based on proprietary technology, such as IBM's Power4 microprocessors or various proprietary ...
What decade did Dell begin to buy things other than PCs?
{'text': 'mid-1990s', 'answer_start': 7}
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The majority of the province's population is Han Chinese, who are found scattered throughout the region with the exception of the far western areas. Thus, significant minorities of Tibetan, Yi, Qiang and Nakhi people reside in the western portion that are impacted by inclement weather and natural disasters, environment...
What race is the majority of Sichuan?
{'text': 'Han Chinese', 'answer_start': 45}
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Like aluminium, copper is 100% recyclable without any loss of quality, regardless of whether it is in a raw state or contained in a manufactured product. In volume, copper is the third most recycled metal after iron and aluminium. It is estimated that 80% of the copper ever mined is still in use today. According to the...
What other wood besides copper is 100% recyclable?
{'text': 'aluminium', 'answer_start': 220}
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In 1863, the newly founded Football Association (the FA) published the Laws of the Game of Association Football, unifying the various different rules in use before then. On 20 July 1871, in the offices of The Sportsman newspaper, the FA Secretary C. W. Alcock proposed to the FA committee that "it is desirable that a Ch...
Who was the FA secretary in 1871?
{'text': 'C. W. Alcock', 'answer_start': 247}
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According to routine testing performed by CNet, write operations to typical Hi-Speed (USB 2.0) hard drives can sustain rates of 25–30 MB/s, while read operations are at 30–42 MB/s; this is 70% of the total available bus bandwidth. For USB 3.0, typical write speed is 70–90 MB/s, while read speed is 90–110 MB/s. Mask Tes...
What is the read speed for USB 3.0?
{'text': '90–110 MB/s', 'answer_start': 299}
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However, with the Glorious Revolution of 1688 the Church of Scotland was finally unequivocally recognised as a Presbyterian institution by the monarch due to Scottish Presbyterian support for the aforementioned revolution and the Acts of Union 1707 between Scotland and England guaranteed the Church of Scotland's form o...
The Acts of Church was signed in which year?
{'text': '1707', 'answer_start': 244}
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Other pre-modern Chinese names for Tibet include Wusiguo (Chinese: 烏斯國; pinyin: Wūsīguó; cf. Tibetan dbus, Ü, [wyʔ˨˧˨]), Wusizang (Chinese: 烏斯藏; pinyin: wūsīzàng, cf. Tibetan dbus-gtsang, Ü-Tsang), Tubote (Chinese: 圖伯特; pinyin: Túbótè), and Tanggute (Chinese: 唐古忒; pinyin: Tánggǔtè, cf. Tangut). American Tibetologist El...
Who is an American Tibetologist?
{'text': 'Elliot Sperling', 'answer_start': 318}
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Ford Motor Company and Coca-Cola were two of the first sponsors of American Idol in its first season. The sponsorship deal cost around $10 million in season one, rising to $35 million by season 7, and between $50 to $60 million in season 10. The third major sponsor AT&T Wireless joined in the second season but ended af...
Who was the third largest sponsor?
{'text': 'AT&T', 'answer_start': 266}
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The Cork accent, part of the Southwest dialect of Hiberno-English, displays various features which set it apart from other accents in Ireland. Patterns of tone and intonation often rise and fall, with the overall tone tending to be more high-pitched than other Irish accents. English spoken in Cork has a number of diale...
Where did languages from overseas get some of their words from?
{'text': 'Hiberno-English', 'answer_start': 387}
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Historically, the cuisine of Estonia has been heavily dependent on seasons and simple peasant food, which today is influenced by many countries. Today, it includes many typical international foods.[citation needed] The most typical foods in Estonia are black bread, pork, potatoes, and dairy products. Traditionally in s...
What factors have influenced Estonian food for most of their history?
{'text': 'seasons and simple peasant food', 'answer_start': 67}
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Nick Fradiani won the season, defeating Clark Beckham. By winning, Fradiani became the first winner from the Northeast region. Fradiani released "Beautiful Life" as his coronation single while Beckham released "Champion". Jax, the third place finalist, also released a single called "Forcefield".
Who won this season of Idol?
{'text': 'Nick Fradiani', 'answer_start': 0}
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In Commonwealth realms other than the UK, royal assent is granted or withheld either by the realm's sovereign or, more frequently, by the representative of the sovereign, the governor-general. In federated realms, assent in each state, province, or territory is granted or withheld by the representatives of the sovereig...
Who grants the royal assent in Commonwealth nations other than the UK?
{'text': "by the realm's sovereign or, more frequently, by the representative of the sovereign", 'answer_start': 85}
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Alpine plants such the Alpine gentian grow in abundance in areas such as the meadows above the Lauterbrunnental. Gentians are named after the Illyrian king Gentius, and 40 species of the early-spring blooming flower grow in the Alps, in a range of 1,500 to 2,400 m (4,921 to 7,874 ft). Writing about the gentians in Swit...
What grows in abundance in areas such as the meadows above the Lauterbrunnental?
{'text': 'Alpine plants such the Alpine gentian', 'answer_start': 0}
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In Estonian, nouns and pronouns do not have grammatical gender, but nouns and adjectives decline in fourteen cases: nominative, genitive, partitive, illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, translative, terminative, essive, abessive, and comitative, with the case and number of the adjective(s) always ...
In nominative cases what never agrees with the noun in number and case?
{'text': 'adjective', 'answer_start': 300}
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Conventional ("tailhook") aircraft rely upon a landing signal officer (LSO, radio call sign paddles) to monitor the aircraft's approach, visually gauge glideslope, attitude, and airspeed, and transmit that data to the pilot. Before the angled deck emerged in the 1950s, LSOs used colored paddles to signal corrections to...
What did LSO's use to signal corrections to the pilot prior to the angled deck designs introduced in the 1960's?
{'text': 'colored paddles', 'answer_start': 280}
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Glacial bodies larger than 50,000 km2 (19,000 sq mi) are called ice sheets or continental glaciers. Several kilometers deep, they obscure the underlying topography. Only nunataks protrude from their surfaces. The only extant ice sheets are the two that cover most of Antarctica and Greenland. They contain vast quantitie...
Where a sheets now extinct?
{'text': 'Antarctica and Greenland', 'answer_start': 267}
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Clothing can and has in history been made from a very wide variety of materials. Materials have ranged from leather and furs, to woven materials, to elaborate and exotic natural and synthetic fabrics. Not all body coverings are regarded as clothing. Articles carried rather than worn (such as purses), worn on a single p...
Jewelry isn't considered clothing because it's usually worn purely for what reason?
{'text': 'adornment', 'answer_start': 382}
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Roman histories and biographies anticipated the extensive mediaeval literature of lives of saints and miraculous chronicles, but the most characteristic form of the Middle Ages was the romance, an adventurous and sometimes magical narrative with strong popular appeal. Controversial, religious, political and instruction...
Modern romance developed into what type of narrative?
{'text': 'the novel', 'answer_start': 515}
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If the British Empire was now going to side with the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire had no choice but to cultivate a relationship with the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which was supported by the German Empire. In a few years these alignments became the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance (already formed in 1882), wh...
By what year were three empires gone?
{'text': '1918', 'answer_start': 375}
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In 1855 a reprint of a letter earlier sent to The Times appeared in Littel's Living Age. Its author, an "official Chinese interpreter of 10 years' active service" and a member of the Oriental Club, Thomas Taylor Meadows, was replying to the suggestion by another interpreter that the British Empire was wasting its resou...
When was a reprint of a letter sent to The Times appear in Littel's Living Age?
{'text': '1855', 'answer_start': 3}
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Inns are buildings where travellers can seek lodging and, usually, food and drink. They are typically located in the country or along a highway. In Europe, they possibly first sprang up when the Romans built a system of roads two millennia ago.[citation needed] Some inns in Europe are several centuries old. In addition...
What road is an inn often located near?
{'text': 'highway', 'answer_start': 136}
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The Queen, who opened the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, also opened the 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics in London, making her the first head of state to open two Olympic Games in two different countries. For the London Olympics, she played herself in a short film as part of the opening ceremony, alongside Dani...
When did Queen Elizabeth open the Summer Olympics in London?
{'text': '2012', 'answer_start': 76}
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The Armenians collective has, at times, constituted a Christian "island" in a mostly Muslim region. There is, however, a minority of ethnic Armenian Muslims, known as Hamshenis but many Armenians view them as a separate race, while the history of the Jews in Armenia dates back 2,000 years. The Armenian Kingdom of Cilic...
How long have Christians been involved in Eurpean Crusader States?
{'text': '2,000 years', 'answer_start': 278}
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Over 230 works of Chopin survive; some compositions from early childhood have been lost. All his known works involve the piano, and only a few range beyond solo piano music, as either piano concertos, songs or chamber music.
Only a few of Chopin's pieces involve more than the piano, including piano concertos, songs and what?
{'text': 'chamber music.', 'answer_start': 210}
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Some Christians argue that the earliest source of political federalism (or federalism in human institutions; in contrast to theological federalism) is the ecclesiastical federalism found in the Bible. They point to the structure of the early Christian Church as described (and prescribed, as believed by many) in the New...
When was the latest source of political federalism according to Christians?
{'text': 'ecclesiastical federalism found in the Bible', 'answer_start': 155}
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Stepper motors can be rotated to a specific angle in discrete steps with ease, and hence stepper motors are used for read/write head positioning in computer floppy diskette drives. They were used for the same purpose in pre-gigabyte era computer disk drives, where the precision and speed they offered was adequate for t...
In what direction do modern coil actuators move?
{'text': 'perpendicular to the magnetic lines of force', 'answer_start': 1053}
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Anti-aircraft warfare or counter-air defence is defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action." They include ground-and air-based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements and passive measures (e.g. barrage balloons). It may be u...
What is another term for anti-aircraft warfare?
{'text': 'counter-air defence', 'answer_start': 25}
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Disadvantages of electric traction include high capital costs that may be uneconomic on lightly trafficked routes; a relative lack of flexibility since electric trains need electrified tracks or onboard supercapacitors and charging infrastructure at stations; and a vulnerability to power interruptions. Different region...
All regions use the same supply voltages and?
{'text': 'frequencies', 'answer_start': 360}
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Pesticides can be classified by target organism (e.g., herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, rodenticides, and pediculicides - see table), chemical structure (e.g., organic, inorganic, synthetic, or biological (biopesticide), although the distinction can sometimes blur), and physical state (e.g. gaseous (fumigant)). Bi...
What is one way to group pesticides?
{'text': 'chemical structure', 'answer_start': 139}
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Bon Jovi's third album, Slippery When Wet (1986), mixed hard rock with a pop sensitivity and spent a total of 8 weeks at the top of the Billboard 200 album chart, selling 12 million copies in the US while becoming the first hard rock album to spawn three top 10 singles — two of which reached number one. The album has b...
What was the band Europe's international hit?
{'text': 'The Final Countdown', 'answer_start': 569}
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High-power LEDs (HP-LEDs) or high-output LEDs (HO-LEDs) can be driven at currents from hundreds of mA to more than an ampere, compared with the tens of mA for other LEDs. Some can emit over a thousand lumens. LED power densities up to 300 W/cm2 have been achieved. Since overheating is destructive, the HP-LEDs must be m...
How many lumens can some high-power LEDs emit?
{'text': 'over a thousand', 'answer_start': 185}
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The English term comics derives from the humorous (or "comic") work which predominated in early American newspaper comic strips; usage of the term has become standard for non-humorous works as well. The term "comic book" has a similarly confusing history: they are most often not humorous; nor are they regular books, bu...
What is the term that the English use for the comics out of Japan?
{'text': 'manga', 'answer_start': 466}
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There are several details that are only found in one of the gospel accounts. For instance, only Matthew's gospel mentions an earthquake, resurrected saints who went to the city and that Roman soldiers were assigned to guard the tomb, while Mark is the only one to state the actual time of the crucifixion (the third hour...
Who did the Roman soldiers speak to when they were in mourning?
{'text': 'the women', 'answer_start': 458}
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The structure of Bern's city centre is largely medieval and has been recognised by UNESCO as a Cultural World Heritage Site. Perhaps its most famous sight is the Zytglogge (Bernese German for "Time Bell"), an elaborate medieval clock tower with moving puppets. It also has an impressive 15th century Gothic cathedral, th...
What type of cathedral is Muster?
{'text': 'Gothic', 'answer_start': 300}
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Non-Australian citizens who are Australian permanent residents should be aware that during their stay on Norfolk Island they are "outside of Australia" for the purposes of the Migration Act. This means that not only will they need a still-valid migrant visa or Resident return visa to return from Norfolk Island to the m...
According to Australian nationality law, time spent by a permanent Australian resident on Norfolk Island will do what?
{'text': 'count as time spent in Australia', 'answer_start': 671}
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Lasers emitting in the red region of the spectrum have been available since the invention of the ruby laser in 1960. In 1962 the red helium–neon laser was invented, and these two types of lasers were widely used in many scientific applications including holography, and in education. Red helium–neon lasers were used com...
What was invented in 1926?
{'text': 'red helium–neon laser', 'answer_start': 129}
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The Transat AG2R Race, held every alternate year, is an event which originates in Concarneau in Brittany, France, reaching St. Barthélemy. It is a boat race with boats of 10 m length with a single hull and with essential safety equipment. Each boat is navigated by two sailors. Kitesurfing and other water sports have al...
How many people are in the vehicle for the AG2R Race?
{'text': 'two', 'answer_start': 265}
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About 40,000,000 tons were produced in 1984[needs update]. It is obtained as the "heavy" (i.e., difficult to distill) fraction. Material with a boiling point greater than around 500 °C is considered asphalt. Vacuum distillation separates it from the other components in crude oil (such as naphtha, gasoline and diesel). ...
How many tons of bitumen ere produced in 1984?
{'text': '40,000,000', 'answer_start': 6}
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The creation of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949 was through the unification of the western states (which were previously under American, British, and French administration) created in the aftermath of World War II. Initially, in 1949, the states of the Federal Republic were Baden, Bavaria (in German: Bayern), B...
After what event was France created in 1949?
{'text': 'World War II', 'answer_start': 209}
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The origins of the department store lay in the growth of the conspicuous consumer society at the turn of the 19th century. As the Industrial Revolution accelerated economy expansion, the affluent middle-class grew in size and wealth. This urbanized social group, sharing a culture of consumption and changing fashion, wa...
What is one explanation for the rise of retail stores in earlier history?
{'text': 'urbanized social group', 'answer_start': 239}
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In 1661 another Jesuit, Johann Grueber, crossed Tibet from Sining to Lhasa (where he spent a month), before heading on to Nepal. He was followed by others who actually built a church in Lhasa. These included the Jesuit Father Ippolito Desideri, 1716–1721, who gained a deep knowledge of Tibetan culture, language and Bud...
How was Christianity used by some Tibetan monarchs?
{'text': 'counterbalance the influence of the Gelugpa sect', 'answer_start': 482}
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In comparison to the principal alternative, the diesel engine, electric railways offer substantially better energy efficiency, lower emissions and lower operating costs. Electric locomotives are usually quieter, more powerful, and more responsive and reliable than diesels. They have no local emissions, an important adv...
What do some electric traction systems provide?
{'text': 'regenerative braking', 'answer_start': 394}
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Rapid decompression can be much more dangerous than vacuum exposure itself. Even if the victim does not hold his or her breath, venting through the windpipe may be too slow to prevent the fatal rupture of the delicate alveoli of the lungs. Eardrums and sinuses may be ruptured by rapid decompression, soft tissues may br...
rapid decompression is more dangerous than what?
{'text': 'vacuum exposure', 'answer_start': 52}
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In 1926, Universal opened a production unit in Germany, Deutsche Universal-Film AG, under the direction of Joe Pasternak. This unit produced three to four films per year until 1936, migrating to Hungary and then Austria in the face of Hitler's increasing domination of central Europe. With the advent of sound, these pro...
What was the name of Universal's German production unit?
{'text': 'Deutsche Universal-Film AG', 'answer_start': 56}
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The Japanese launch was followed in March 1983 by the introduction of CD players and discs to Europe and North America (where CBS Records released sixteen titles). This event is often seen as the "Big Bang" of the digital audio revolution. The new audio disc was enthusiastically received, especially in the early-adopti...
Who first sold a million copies on CD?
{'text': 'Dire Straits', 'answer_start': 645}
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A second New Haven gastronomical claim to fame is Louis' Lunch, which is located in a small brick building on Crown Street and has been serving fast food since 1895. Though fiercely debated, the restaurant's founder Louis Lassen is credited by the Library of Congress with inventing the hamburger and steak sandwich. Lou...
Who is the founder of Louis' Lunch in New Haven?
{'text': 'Louis Lassen', 'answer_start': 216}
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The Tower has been inextricably linked with the Everton area since its construction in 1787. It was originally used as a bridewell to incarcerate mainly drunks and minor criminals, and it still stands today on Everton Brow in Netherfield Road. The tower was accompanied by two laurel wreaths on either side and, accordin...
For what purpose was the Tower first used?
{'text': 'bridewell', 'answer_start': 121}
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The use of the word "heresy" was given wide currency by Irenaeus in his 2nd century tract Contra Haereses (Against Heresies) to describe and discredit his opponents during the early centuries of the Christian community.[citation needed] He described the community's beliefs and doctrines as orthodox (from ὀρθός, orthos ...
Who was the first person to use the word heresy?
{'text': 'Irenaeus', 'answer_start': 56}
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According to Eurostat, Greece's largest port by tons of goods transported in 2010 is the port of Aghioi Theodoroi, with 17.38 million tons. The Port of Thessaloniki comes second with 15.8 million tons, followed by the Port of Piraeus, with 13.2 million tons, and the port of Eleusis, with 12.37 million tons. The total n...
How many million of feathers went through Aghioi Theodoroi in 2010?
{'text': '17.38', 'answer_start': 120}
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Uranium is a naturally occurring element that can be found in low levels within all rock, soil, and water. Uranium is the 51st element in order of abundance in the Earth's crust. Uranium is also the highest-numbered element to be found naturally in significant quantities on Earth and is almost always found combined wit...
Where does uranium rank among elements in terms of its abundance in the Earth's crust?
{'text': '51st', 'answer_start': 122}
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Although several companies each produce over a billion individually packaged (known as discrete) transistors every year, the vast majority of transistors are now produced in integrated circuits (often shortened to IC, microchips or simply chips), along with diodes, resistors, capacitors and other electronic components,...
How many transistors were made in 2002?
{'text': '60 million transistors were built in 2002… for [each] man, woman, and child', 'answer_start': 525}
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The U.S. military has proposed building a new aircraft carrier berth on Guam and moving 8,600 Marines, and 9,000 of their dependents, to Guam from Okinawa, Japan. Including the required construction workers, this buildup would increase Guam's population by 45%. In a February 2010 letter, the United States Environmental...
How many Marines would the United States move to Guam?
{'text': '8,600 Marines', 'answer_start': 88}
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Plant physiology encompasses all the internal chemical and physical activities of plants associated with life. Chemicals obtained from the air, soil and water form the basis of all plant metabolism. The energy of sunlight, captured by oxygenic photosynthesis and released by cellular respiration, is the basis of almost ...
How do animals use plants?
{'text': 'in the construction of cells and tissues', 'answer_start': 650}
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In October 1997, Nintendo released a redesigned model of the SNES (the SNS-101 model) in North America for US$99, which sometimes included the pack-in game Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island. Like the earlier redesign of the NES (the NES-101 model), the new model was slimmer and lighter than its predecessor, but it la...
What was missing from the Super Famicom Jr.?
{'text': 'S-Video and RGB output', 'answer_start': 325}
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On 12 July 2007, European Court of Human Rights when dismissing the appeal by Nikola Jorgić against his conviction for genocide by a German court (Jorgic v. Germany) noted that the German courts wider interpretation of genocide has since been rejected by international courts considering similar cases. The ECHR also not...
In Jorgic v. Germany, what about the European courts was later rejected by international courts hearing similar cases?
{'text': 'wider interpretation of genocide', 'answer_start': 195}
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The gastronomic symbol of the région is undoubtedly the Choucroute, a local variety of Sauerkraut. The word Sauerkraut in Alsatian has the form sûrkrût, same as in other southwestern German dialects, and means "sour cabbage" as its Standard German equivalent. This word was included into the French language as choucrout...
What does choucroute mean?
{'text': 'sour cabbage', 'answer_start': 211}
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During the Later Middle Ages, theologians such as John Duns Scotus (d. 1308)[AH] and William of Ockham (d. c. 1348), led a reaction against scholasticism, objecting to the application of reason to faith. Their efforts undermined the prevailing Platonic idea of "universals". Ockham's insistence that reason operates inde...
What Platonic idea lost influence as a result of the work of Ockham and Duns Scotus?
{'text': 'universals', 'answer_start': 262}
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In contrast to this viewpoint, an article and associated editorial in the New England Journal of Medicine in May 2015 emphasized the importance of pharmaceutical industry-physician interactions for the development of novel treatments, and argued that moral outrage over industry malfeasance had unjustifiably led many to...
When did the article come out about the importance of interactions?
{'text': 'May 2015', 'answer_start': 109}
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The Sardinian language is considered to be its own Romance language family, separate not only from standard Italian but also the wider Italo-Dalmatian family, and it includes the Campidanese Sardinian and Logudorese Sardinian variants. However, Gallurese, Sassarese, and Corsican are also spoken in Sardinia, and these l...
Which language does the Campidanese Sardinian variant include?
{'text': 'Logudorese Sardinian', 'answer_start': 205}
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The University of Kansas School of Architecture, Design, and Planning (SADP), with its main building being Marvin Hall, traces its architectural roots to the creation of the architectural engineering degree program in KU's School of Engineering in 1912. The Bachelor of Architecture degree was added in 1920. In 1969, th...
Where is the SADP housed?
{'text': 'Marvin Hall', 'answer_start': 107}
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Construction is currently underway on the Miami Intermodal Center and Miami Central Station, a massive transportation hub servicing Metrorail, Amtrak, Tri-Rail, Metrobus, Greyhound Lines, taxis, rental cars, MIA Mover, private automobiles, bicycles and pedestrians adjacent to Miami International Airport. Completion of ...
What airport is Miami Intermodal Center not next to?
{'text': 'Miami International Airport', 'answer_start': 277}
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Rajasthan is[when?] earning Rs. 150 million (approx. US$2.5 million) per day as revenue from the crude oil sector. This earning is expected to reach ₹250 million per day in 2013 (which is an increase of ₹100 million or more than 66 percent). The government of India has given permission to extract 300,000 barrels of cru...
What group is conducting exploration for Rajasthan's crude oil??
{'text': 'Cairn India', 'answer_start': 670}
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The island of Saint Helena has a total area of 122 km2 (47 sq mi), and is composed largely of rugged terrain of volcanic origin (the last volcanic eruptions occurred about 7 million years ago). Coastal areas are covered in volcanic rock and warmer and drier than the centre. The highest point of the island is Diana's Pe...
How many feet high is the highest peak of Saint Helena?
{'text': '2,684', 'answer_start': 333}
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San Diego was ranked as the 20th-safest city in America in 2013 by Business Insider. According to Forbes magazine, San Diego was the ninth-safest city in the top 10 list of safest cities in the U.S. in 2010. Like most major cities, San Diego had a declining crime rate from 1990 to 2000. Crime in San Diego increased in ...
What type of crime increased between 2002 and 2016?
{'text': 'property crime', 'answer_start': 584}
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Near the end of the first decade of the double-Bills' guidance, the Cubs won the NL pennant in 1929 and then achieved the unusual feat of winning a pennant every three years, following up the 1929 flag with league titles in 1932, 1935, and 1938. Unfortunately, their success did not extend to the Fall Classic, as they f...
How many games in a row did the Cubs win in a row during 1935?
{'text': '21', 'answer_start': 1012}
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From the period of 1600, the canton consisted of a St George's Cross representing the Kingdom of England. With the Acts of Union 1707, the canton was updated to be the new Union Flag—consisting of an English St George's Cross combined with a Scottish St Andrew's cross—representing the Kingdom of Great Britain. After th...
What is the name of the union that Ireland and Great Britain sabotaged when they came together?
{'text': 'United Kingdom', 'answer_start': 563}
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In 1967, a new U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) combined major federal responsibilities for air and surface transport. The Federal Aviation Agency's name changed to the Federal Aviation Administration as it became one of several agencies (e.g., Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, the...
What did the Federal Aviation Agency change it's name from?
{'text': 'Federal Aviation Administration', 'answer_start': 176}
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The final is normally held the Saturday after the Premier League season finishes in May. The only seasons in recent times when this pattern was not followed were 1999–2000, when most rounds were played a few weeks earlier than normal as an experiment, and 2010–11 and 2012–13 when the FA Cup Final was played before the ...
Was there a time this was not the case?
{'text': 'in recent times when this pattern was not followed were 1999–2000', 'answer_start': 106}
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Major reductions in the cost of lighting occurred with the discovery of whale oil and kerosene. Gas lighting was economical enough to power street lights in major cities starting in the early 1800s, and was also used in some commercial buildings and in the homes of wealthy people. The gas mantle boosted the luminosity ...
What type of lighting was powered by electricity?
{'text': 'incandescent light', 'answer_start': 415}
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The New Haven Division buses follow routes that had originally been covered by trolley service. Horse-drawn steetcars began operating in New Haven in the 1860s, and by the mid-1890s all the lines had become electric. In the 1920s and 1930s, some of the trolley lines began to be replaced by bus lines, with the last trol...
In what year was the final trolley route in New Haven converted to a bus line?
{'text': '1948', 'answer_start': 350}
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On December 30, 1922, with the creation of the Soviet Union, Russia became one of six republics within the federation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The final Soviet name for the republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, was adopted in the Soviet Constitution of 1936. By that time, Soviet...
When was the Soviet Union created?
{'text': 'December 30, 1922', 'answer_start': 3}
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Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter (/biːˈjɒnseɪ/ bee-YON-say) (born September 4, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and actress. Born and raised in Houston, Texas, she performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child, and rose to fame in the late 1990s as lead singer of R&B girl-group ...
In what R&B group was she the lead singer?
{'text': "Destiny's Child", 'answer_start': 320}
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The city remained in the hands of Christian troops until 1102, when the Almoravids retook the city and restored the Muslim religion. Although the self-styled 'Emperor of All Spain', Alfonso VI of León and Castile, drove them from the city, he was not strong enough to hold it. The Christians set it afire before abandoni...
In what year did Christian troops lose control of Valencia?
{'text': '1102', 'answer_start': 57}