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33,334 | 32,992 | 570990a2200fba14003681a6 | generic | For guidance in practical application of Jewish law, the majority of Orthodox Jews appeal to the Shulchan Aruch ("Code of Jewish Law" composed in the 16th century by Rabbi Joseph Caro) together with its surrounding commentaries. Thus, at a general level, there is a large degree of uniformity amongst all Orthodox Jews. ... | Why are the codes and responsa different in regards to details? | {'text': 'philosophical differences', 'answer_start': 629} |
11,605 | 11,263 | 56de858d4396321400ee29e4 | generic | In February 2016, it was confirmed by BBC Worldwide that Keeping Up Appearances is the corporation's most exported television programme, being sold nearly 1000 times to overseas broadcasters. | How many sales of Keeping Up Appearances have been made to non-British buyers? | {'text': 'nearly 1000', 'answer_start': 148} |
16,605 | 16,263 | 5acd353307355d001abf3953 | generic | The first satellite, BeiDou-1A, was launched on 30 October 2000, followed by BeiDou-1B on 20 December 2000. The third satellite, BeiDou-1C (a backup satellite), was put into orbit on 25 May 2003. The successful launch of BeiDou-1C also meant the establishment of the BeiDou-1 navigation system. | When was the BeiDou-1C rocket launched? | {'text': '25 May 2003', 'answer_start': 183} |
41,029 | 40,687 | 570da4a616d0071400510c37 | generic | Israel, and The US Air Force, in conjunction with the members of NATO, has developed significant tactics for air defence suppression. Dedicated weapons such as anti-radiation missiles and advanced electronics intelligence and electronic countermeasures platforms seek to suppress or negate the effectiveness of an opposi... | As better weapons are created, what systems continue to improve as well to counter them? | {'text': 'SAM systems with ECCM capabilities', 'answer_start': 454} |
60,900 | 60,558 | 572661d4708984140094c433 | generic | Botany, also called plant science(s) or plant biology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist or plant scientist is a scientist who specializes in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek word βοτάνη (botanē) meaning "pasture", "grass", or "fodder"; βοτάνη is in turn derived ... | What is botany? | {'text': 'science of plant life', 'answer_start': 62} |
44,975 | 44,633 | 5ad3586b604f3c001a3fde27 | generic | Originally, Dell did not emphasize the consumer market, due to the higher costs and unacceptably low profit margins in selling to individuals and households; this changed when the company’s Internet site took off in 1996 and 1997. While the industry’s average selling price to individuals was going down, Dell's was goin... | When did Dell's internet site lose popularity? | {'text': '1996 and 1997', 'answer_start': 216} |
84,758 | 84,416 | 5a611527e9e1cc001a33ceb2 | generic | On 25 May 1963, the pope suffered another haemorrhage and required several blood transfusions, but the cancer had perforated the stomach wall and peritonitis soon set in. The doctors conferred in a decision regarding this matter and John XXIII's aide Loris F. Capovilla broke the news to him saying that the cancer had d... | What had happened to the cancer Loris F. Capovilla was suffering from? | {'text': 'the cancer had perforated the stomach wall', 'answer_start': 99} |
74,153 | 73,811 | 5727a4c72ca10214002d92a2 | generic | However, an analysis by the Regional Data Cooperative for Greater New Haven, Inc., has shown that due to issues of comparative denominators and other factors, such municipality-based rankings can be considered inaccurate. For example, two cities of identical population can cover widely differing land areas, making such... | Analysis by what organization detailed that municipality-based rankings may be inaccurate? | {'text': 'Regional Data Cooperative for Greater New Haven, Inc', 'answer_start': 28} |
49,042 | 48,700 | 571b012e32177014007ea00f | generic | Asphalt/bitumen also occurs in unconsolidated sandstones known as "oil sands" in Alberta, Canada, and the similar "tar sands" in Utah, US. The Canadian province of Alberta has most of the world's reserves of natural bitumen, in three huge deposits covering 142,000 square kilometres (55,000 sq mi), an area larger than E... | What is the area amount of the Canadian asphalt deposits? | {'text': '142,000 square kilometres', 'answer_start': 257} |
90,461 | 90,119 | 5728d96a2ca10214002da978 | generic | While there is some dispute as to the matter of influence, Popper had a long-standing and close friendship with economist Friedrich Hayek, who was also brought to the London School of Economics from Vienna. Each found support and similarities in the other's work, citing each other often, though not without qualificatio... | Which other Austrian scholar and friend of Popper also worked near him at the London School of Economics? | {'text': 'Friedrich Hayek', 'answer_start': 122} |
2,449 | 2,107 | 56cd8c5762d2951400fa66ac | generic | The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess is an action-adventure game focused on combat, exploration, and item collection. It uses the basic control scheme introduced in Ocarina of Time, including context-sensitive action buttons and L-targeting (Z-targeting on the Wii), a system that allows the player to keep Link's view... | What secondary weapon in Twilight Princess is analogous to a weapon featured in previous games? | {'text': 'Clawshot', 'answer_start': 640} |
55,843 | 55,501 | 572686e8dd62a815002e8830 | generic | At the Battle of Pulo Aura, which was probably the company's most notable naval victory, Nathaniel Dance, Commodore of a convoy of Indiamen and sailing aboard the Warley, led several Indiamen in a skirmish with a French squadron, driving them off. Some six years earlier, on 28 January 1797, five Indiamen, the Woodford,... | What was the most notable naval victory EIC had? | {'text': 'Battle of Pulo Aura', 'answer_start': 7} |
54,852 | 54,510 | 57264e94f1498d1400e8dba8 | generic | The climate of Greece is primarily Mediterranean, featuring mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. This climate occurs at all coastal locations, including Athens, the Cyclades, the Dodecanese, Crete, the Peloponnese, the Ionian Islands and parts of the Central Continental Greece region. The Pindus mountain range stron... | Greece's climate is mainly of what type? | {'text': 'Mediterranean', 'answer_start': 35} |
52,843 | 52,501 | 5ad1854a645df0001a2d1e87 | generic | An incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe is an electric light with a wire filament heated to a high temperature, by passing an electric current through it, until it glows with visible light (incandescence). The hot filament is protected from oxidation with a glass or quartz bulb that is... | What does not provide electricity to most light bulbs? | {'text': 'a socket', 'answer_start': 629} |
28,487 | 28,145 | 56fc87acb53dbe1900755124 | generic | The findings and insights of speech perception and articulation research complicate the traditional and somewhat intuitive idea of interchangeable allophones being perceived as the same phoneme. First, interchanged allophones of the same phoneme can result in unrecognizable words. Second, actual speech, even at a word ... | How does interchanging allophones of the same pheneme render words? | {'text': 'unrecognizable', 'answer_start': 260} |
23,325 | 22,983 | 56f8de039e9bad19000a0624 | generic | The importance of Southampton to the cruise industry was indicated by P&O Cruises's 175th anniversary celebrations, which included all seven of the company's liners visiting Southampton in a single day. Adonia, Arcadia, Aurora, Azura, Oceana, Oriana and Ventura all left the city in a procession on 3 July 2012. | Along with the Oriana, what's the other P&O liner with a name that starts with the same letter? | {'text': 'Oceana', 'answer_start': 235} |
42,097 | 41,755 | 570d3cb9b3d812140066d5c7 | generic | The Battle of Gravelotte, or Gravelotte–St. Privat (18 August), was the largest battle during the Franco-Prussian War. It was fought about 6 miles (9.7 km) west of Metz, where on the previous day, having intercepted the French army's retreat to the west at the Battle of Mars-La-Tour, the Prussians were now closing in t... | Who commanded the French Army of the Rhine? | {'text': 'Marshal François-Achille Bazaine', 'answer_start': 683} |
21,862 | 21,520 | 5ad3fcd1604f3c001a3ffbba | generic | Westminster School and Westminster Abbey Choir School are also in the precincts of the abbey. It was natural for the learned and literate monks to be entrusted with education, and Benedictine monks were required by the Pope to maintain a charity school in 1179. The Choir School educates and trains the choirboys who sin... | When were the Benedictine monks required to maintain a vanity school? | {'text': '1179', 'answer_start': 256} |
27,233 | 26,891 | 5ad3c82a604f3c001a3ff068 | generic | The massive amount of data storage required to archive uncompressed streams meant that inexpensive uncompressed storage options were not available to the consumer. In 2008, the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder was introduced. This device accepts HD content through component video inputs and stores the content in ... | What uncompressed storage option wasn't introduced in 2008? | {'text': 'Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder', 'answer_start': 177} |
23,495 | 23,153 | 56f74dd9aef2371900625ae0 | generic | A treaty breach does not automatically suspend or terminate treaty relations, however. It depends on how the other parties regard the breach and how they resolve to respond to it. Sometimes treaties will provide for the seriousness of a breach to be determined by a tribunal or other independent arbiter. An advantage of... | Using what to determine the seriousness of a breach can prevent a party from prematurely suspending its obligations due to another party's alleged material breach? | {'text': 'a tribunal or other independent arbiter', 'answer_start': 264} |
25,011 | 24,669 | 56f8c9319e9bad19000a04dc | generic | The population of the region is 14 million spread across eight countries. On the rim of the mountains, on the plateaus and the plains the economy consists of manufacturing and service jobs whereas in the higher altitudes and in the mountains farming is still essential to the economy. Farming and forestry continue to be... | Farming and Forestry continue to be a mainstay of what? | {'text': 'Alpine culture', 'answer_start': 334} |
37,629 | 37,287 | 570b8f6cec8fbc190045ba76 | generic | The onset of infrared is defined (according to different standards) at various values typically between 700 nm and 800 nm, but the boundary between visible and infrared light is not precisely defined. The human eye is markedly less sensitive to light above 700 nm wavelength, so longer wavelengths make insignificant con... | At what wavelength does the human eye become significantly less sensitive to light? | {'text': '700 nm', 'answer_start': 257} |
63,201 | 62,859 | 5726cf69f1498d1400e8ebec | generic | In August 2013, The Irish Sun ended the practice of featuring topless models on Page 3. The main newspaper was reported to have followed in 2015 with the edition of 16 January supposedly the last to carry such photographs after a report in The Times made such an assertion. After substantial coverage in the media about ... | What did The Irish Sun stop doing in 2013? | {'text': 'featuring topless models on Page 3', 'answer_start': 52} |
38,396 | 38,054 | 570cf238fed7b91900d45b3a | generic | In addition to the use of the multiprotein complexes listed above, Gram-negative bacteria possess another method for release of material: the formation of outer membrane vesicles. Portions of the outer membrane pinch off, forming spherical structures made of a lipid bilayer enclosing periplasmic materials. Vesicles fro... | What virulence factors do some bacterial species have? | {'text': 'some have immunomodulatory effects, and some can directly adhere to and intoxicate host cells', 'answer_start': 398} |
13,693 | 13,351 | 5acd642b07355d001abf4060 | generic | Evidence suggests big-game hunter gatherers crossed the Bering Strait from Asia (Eurasia) into North America over a land bridge (Beringia), that existed between 47,000–14,000 years ago. Around 18,500-15,500 years ago, these hunter-gatherers are believed to have followed herds of now-extinct Pleistocene megafauna along ... | Small-game hunters crossed which Strait? | {'text': 'the Bering', 'answer_start': 52} |
66,466 | 66,124 | 5726ab16f1498d1400e8e68e | generic | In January 1790, Burke read Dr. Richard Price's sermon of 4 November 1789 entitled, A Discourse on the Love of our Country, to the Revolution Society. That society had been founded to commemorate the Glorious Revolution of 1688. In this sermon Price espoused the philosophy of universal "Rights of Men". Price argued tha... | Who did Price think should see themselves as citizens of the world? | {'text': 'Englishmen', 'answer_start': 524} |
52,013 | 51,671 | 57264781f1498d1400e8daf6 | generic | The greylag goose (Anser anser) was domesticated by the Egyptians at least 3000 years ago, and a different wild species, the swan goose (Anser cygnoides), domesticated in Siberia about a thousand years later, is known as a Chinese goose. The two hybridise with each other and the large knob at the base of the beak, a no... | When was the greylag goose first domesticated by humans? | {'text': 'The greylag goose (Anser anser) was domesticated by the Egyptians at least 3000 years ago', 'answer_start': 0} |
1,008 | 666 | 56bfdd3fa10cfb140055134d | generic | The release of a video-game Starpower: Beyoncé was cancelled after Beyoncé pulled out of a $100 million with GateFive who alleged the cancellation meant the sacking of 70 staff and millions of pounds lost in development. It was settled out of court by her lawyers in June 2013 who said that they had cancelled because Ga... | How many people lost jobs when Beyonce left the video game deal? | {'text': '70 staff', 'answer_start': 168} |
63,222 | 62,880 | 57268054dd62a815002e8765 | generic | Pesticides are substances meant for attracting, seducing, and then destroying any pest. They are a class of biocide. The most common use of pesticides is as plant protection products (also known as crop protection products), which in general protect plants from damaging influences such as weeds, fungi, or insects. This... | What is the purpose of a pesticide? | {'text': 'Pesticides are substances meant for attracting, seducing, and then destroying any pest', 'answer_start': 0} |
122,168 | 121,826 | 57321ccfb9d445190005e810 | generic | The first and last Roman known as a living divus was Julius Caesar, who seems to have aspired to divine monarchy; he was murdered soon after. Greek allies had their own traditional cults to rulers as divine benefactors, and offered similar cult to Caesar's successor, Augustus, who accepted with the cautious proviso tha... | What form of government did Cesar seem to be attempting? | {'text': 'divine monarchy', 'answer_start': 97} |
121,860 | 121,518 | 573195dbe6313a140071d0e3 | generic | In the wake of the Republic's collapse, state religion had adapted to support the new regime of the emperors. Augustus, the first Roman emperor, justified the novelty of one-man rule with a vast program of religious revivalism and reform. Public vows formerly made for the security of the republic now were directed at t... | What did the Romans use as a means of expanding their rule throughout the empire? | {'text': 'Imperial cult', 'answer_start': 518} |
77,289 | 76,947 | 572789cd708984140094e043 | generic | Lateral-cut disc records were developed in the United States by Emile Berliner, who named his system the "gramophone", distinguishing it from Edison's wax cylinder "phonograph" and Columbia's wax cylinder "graphophone". Berliner's earliest discs, first marketed in 1889, but only in Europe, were 5 inches (13 cm) in diam... | What is the name of lateral cut disc records? | {'text': 'gramophone', 'answer_start': 106} |
129,750 | 129,408 | 5735ffb96c16ec1900b928e0 | generic | New Zealand has a strong hunting culture. The islands making up New Zealand originally had no land mammals apart from bats. However, once Europeans arrived, game animals were introduced by acclimatisation societies to provide New Zealanders with sport and a hunting resource. Deer, pigs, goats, rabbits, hare, tahr and c... | What is New Zealand made up of? | {'text': 'islands', 'answer_start': 46} |
100,188 | 99,846 | 572b9bdef75d5e190021fe64 | generic | Because Czech uses grammatical case to convey word function in a sentence (instead of relying on word order, as English does), its word order is flexible. As a pro-drop language, in Czech an intransitive sentence can consist of only a verb; information about its subject is encoded in the verb. Enclitics (primarily auxi... | Czech's word order is flexible because it uses what to convey word function in a sentence? | {'text': 'grammatical case', 'answer_start': 19} |
50,922 | 50,580 | 5725cb6c271a42140099d1e5 | generic | Israeli foreign aid ranks very low among OECD nations, spending less than 0.1% of its GNI on foreign aid, as opposed to the recommended 0.7%. Individual international charitable donations are also very low, with only 0.1% of charitable donations being sent to foreign causes. However, Israel has a history of providing e... | How much does Israel spend on foreign aid? | {'text': 'less than 0.1%', 'answer_start': 64} |
125,101 | 124,759 | 57327cb4e99e3014001e67e8 | generic | Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced that a "spy-plane" had been shot down but intentionally made no reference to the pilot. As a result, the Eisenhower Administration, thinking the pilot had died in the crash, authorized the release of a cover story claiming that the plane was a "weather research aircraft" which... | What did Khrushchev refer to the U-2 as? | {'text': 'spy-plane', 'answer_start': 51} |
120,275 | 119,933 | 57312612497a881900248bd4 | generic | Although some indigenous peoples of the Americas were traditionally hunter-gatherers—and many, especially in Amazonia, still are—many groups practiced aquaculture and agriculture. The impact of their agricultural endowment to the world is a testament to their time and work in reshaping and cultivating the flora indigen... | What did many segments of the indigenous population also practice? | {'text': 'aquaculture and agriculture', 'answer_start': 151} |
61,555 | 61,213 | 572673ef5951b619008f7312 | generic | Tort law covers the entire imaginable spectrum of wrongs which humans can inflict upon each other, and of course, partially overlaps with wrongs also punishable by criminal law. Although the American Law Institute has attempted to standardize tort law through the development of several versions of the Restatement of To... | Why can American tort law not be easily summarized? | {'text': 'because of its immense size and diversity', 'answer_start': 428} |
72,432 | 72,090 | 5a358613788daf001a5f861d | generic | Thermally, a temperate glacier is at melting point throughout the year, from its surface to its base. The ice of a polar glacier is always below freezing point from the surface to its base, although the surface snowpack may experience seasonal melting. A sub-polar glacier includes both temperate and polar ice, dependin... | Why are warm based glaciers not able to slide? | {'text': 'above or at freezing at the interface', 'answer_start': 644} |
19,903 | 19,561 | 5a7ba0e921c2de001afea1e9 | generic | On January 10, 2007, the National Archives and Fold3.com (formerly Footnote) launched a pilot project to digitize historic documents from the National Archives holdings. Allen Weinstein explained that this partnership would "allow much greater access to approximately 4.5 million pages of important documents that are cu... | How many people usually visit the Fold3.com website each year? | {'text': '4.5 million', 'answer_start': 268} |
110,852 | 110,510 | 5ace65c132bba1001ae4a593 | generic | Subtractive methods remove copper from an entirely copper-coated board to leave only the desired copper pattern. In additive methods the pattern is electroplated onto a bare substrate using a complex process. The advantage of the additive method is that less material is needed and less waste is produced. In the full ad... | The exposed areas are sensitized using plutonium in what process? | {'text': 'the full additive process', 'answer_start': 309} |
55,004 | 54,662 | 57267c23f1498d1400e8e165 | generic | Aristotle of Stagira, the most important disciple of Plato, shared with his teacher the title of the greatest philosopher of antiquity. But while Plato had sought to elucidate and explain things from the supra-sensual standpoint of the forms, his pupil preferred to start from the facts given us by experience. Except fr... | What is the name of two schools of philosophy? | {'text': 'Skepticism and Neoplatonism', 'answer_start': 481} |
35,726 | 35,384 | 5a2e105df28ef0001a526753 | generic | In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe "Bobby" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Tran... | How much did Southwest pay in penalties for not adopting new safety procedures? | {'text': '$7.5 million', 'answer_start': 1330} |
84,848 | 84,506 | 5727f940ff5b5019007d99a0 | generic | Temporal measurement has occupied scientists and technologists, and was a prime motivation in navigation and astronomy. Periodic events and periodic motion have long served as standards for units of time. Examples include the apparent motion of the sun across the sky, the phases of the moon, the swing of a pendulum, an... | What has been a prime motivation in astronomy and navigation? | {'text': 'Temporal measurement', 'answer_start': 0} |
49,300 | 48,958 | 5ace561832bba1001ae4a2f7 | generic | Asphalt/bitumen is similar to the organic matter in carbonaceous meteorites. However, detailed studies have shown these materials to be distinct. The vast Alberta bitumen resources are believed to have started out as living material from marine plants and animals, mainly algae, that died millions of years ago when an a... | Thousands of years ago an ancient ocean covered which area? | {'text': 'Alberta', 'answer_start': 341} |
69,520 | 69,178 | 5a7a51ac17ab25001a8a04f5 | generic | Genre fiction also showed it could question reality in its 20th century forms, in spite of its fixed formulas, through the enquiries of the skeptical detective and the alternative realities of science fiction. The separation of "mainstream" and "genre" forms (including journalism) continued to blur during the period up... | Hunter S. Thompson expanded what after the first World War? | {'text': 'documentary reporting', 'answer_start': 410} |
124,512 | 124,170 | 5ad3cb49604f3c001a3ff101 | generic | Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Jesus is God's only direct creation, that everything else was created by means of Christ, and that the initial unassisted act of creation uniquely identifies Jesus as God's "only-begotten Son". Jesus served as a redeemer and a ransom sacrifice to pay for the sins of humanity. They belie... | Who do Catholics think Archangel Michael is? | {'text': 'Jesus', 'answer_start': 508} |
51,333 | 50,991 | 5725fe4f89a1e219009ac13d | generic | In some fields Hellenistic culture thrived, particularly in its preservation of the past. The states of the Hellenistic period were deeply fixated with the past and its seemingly lost glories. The preservation of many classical and archaic works of art and literature (including the works of the three great classical tr... | What museum and ilbrary was the center of Hellenistic culture conservation? | {'text': 'Alexandria', 'answer_start': 443} |
47,584 | 47,242 | 571aa01210f8ca14003051d6 | generic | In their attempt to ensure white supremacy decades after emancipation, in the early 20th century, most southern states created laws based on the one-drop rule, defining as black, persons with any known African ancestry. This was a stricter interpretation than what had prevailed in the 19th century; it ignored the many ... | What made the one drop rule stricter than rules in the 19th century? | {'text': 'it ignored the many mixed families in the state and went against commonly accepted social rules of judging a person by appearance and association.', 'answer_start': 300} |
16,002 | 15,660 | 56e0733b231d4119001ac16f | generic | The universal emergence of atomic hydrogen first occurred during the recombination epoch. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, nonmetallic, highly combustible diatomic gas with the molecular formula H2. Since hydrogen readily forms covalent compounds with most n... | What are three properties of hydrogen at normal temperature and normal pressure? | {'text': 'colorless, odorless, tasteless', 'answer_start': 142} |
108,055 | 107,713 | 572fe7e6a23a5019007fcb1c | generic | A necessary condition for the aforementioned reciprocity property is that the materials in the antenna and transmission medium are linear and reciprocal. Reciprocal (or bilateral) means that the material has the same response to an electric current or magnetic field in one direction, as it has to the field or current i... | What is called when the direction of the elctrical current does not make a difference to the current? | {'text': 'Reciprocal', 'answer_start': 154} |
115,743 | 115,401 | 5733d91e4776f4190066134a | generic | Possible improvements include clarification of clinical trial regulations by FDA. Furthermore, appropriate economic incentives could persuade pharmaceutical companies to invest in this endeavor. Antibiotic Development to Advance Patient Treatment (ADAPT) Act aims to fast track the drug development to combat the growing... | Who regulates antibiotic approval? | {'text': 'FDA', 'answer_start': 77} |
98,944 | 98,602 | 572aca63f75d5e190021fcd6 | generic | Kerry told Christianity Today in October 2004 "I'm a Catholic and I practice, but at the same time I have an open-mindedness to many other expressions of spirituality that come through different religions... I've spent some time reading and thinking about religion and trying to study it, and I've arrived at not so much... | What did Kerry say about major religious texts? | {'text': "he believed that the Torah, the Qur'an, and the Bible all share a fundamental story", 'answer_start': 412} |
79,595 | 79,253 | 5a7e564570df9f001a875756 | generic | Cork is home to one of Ireland's main national newspapers, the Irish Examiner (formerly the Cork Examiner). It also prints the Evening Echo, which for decades has been connected to the Echo Boys, who were poor and often homeless children who sold the newspaper. Today, the shouts of the vendors selling the Echo can stil... | Who are the UCC Express Boys? | {'text': 'poor and often homeless children', 'answer_start': 205} |
71,394 | 71,052 | 5ad289a4d7d075001a42998e | generic | Germany and the Soviet Union entered an intricate trade pact on February 11, 1940, that was over four times larger than the one the two countries had signed in August 1939. The trade pact helped Germany to surmount a British blockade of Germany. In the first year, Germany received one million tons of cereals, half a mi... | How many old airplanes were the soviets getting in this agreement? | {'text': 'thirty', 'answer_start': 774} |
89,736 | 89,394 | 5728d95f2ca10214002da970 | generic | Sport plays an important role in Estonian culture. After declaring independence from Russia in 1918, Estonia first competed as a nation at the 1920 Summer Olympics, although the National Olympic Committee was established in 1923. Estonian athletes took part of the Olympic Games until the country was annexed by the Sovi... | What event did Estonia compete in as a nation for the first time ever? | {'text': 'the 1920 Summer Olympics', 'answer_start': 139} |
91,265 | 90,923 | 572993a5af94a219006aa51f | generic | Only insects which live in nests or colonies demonstrate any true capacity for fine-scale spatial orientation or homing. This can allow an insect to return unerringly to a single hole a few millimeters in diameter among thousands of apparently identical holes clustered together, after a trip of up to several kilometers... | Insects with fine scale spatial orientation live in colonies and where else? | {'text': 'nests', 'answer_start': 27} |
9,237 | 8,895 | 56ddecfe66d3e219004dae18 | generic | The framers of the US Constitution were influenced by the Constitution of the Republic of the United Provinces, as Federalist No. 20, by James Madison, shows. Such influence appears, however, to have been of a negative nature, as Madison describes the Dutch confederacy as exhibiting "Imbecility in the government; disco... | Who described the Dutch confederacy as exhibiting "Imbecility in the government; discord among the provinces; foreign influence and indignities; a precarious existence in peace, and peculiar calamities from war." | {'text': 'James Madison', 'answer_start': 137} |
68,609 | 68,267 | 5726fce9dd62a815002e9710 | generic | The United Healthcare/Pacificare nutrition guideline recommends a whole plant food diet, and recommends using protein only as a condiment with meals. A National Geographic cover article from November 2005, entitled The Secrets of Living Longer, also recommends a whole plant food diet. The article is a lifestyle survey ... | Who released a guideline that recommends that people follow a whole plant food diet? | {'text': 'United Healthcare/Pacificare', 'answer_start': 4} |
119,918 | 119,576 | 573218720fdd8d15006c6796 | generic | Domesticated birds raised for meat and eggs, called poultry, are the largest source of animal protein eaten by humans; in 2003, 76 million tons of poultry and 61 million tons of eggs were produced worldwide. Chickens account for much of human poultry consumption, though domesticated turkeys, ducks, and geese are also r... | What is the largest source of animal protein eaten by humans? | {'text': 'poultry', 'answer_start': 52} |
65,787 | 65,445 | 5a21d2fc8a6e4f001aa08f29 | generic | In Anglo-American academic political philosophy, the publication of John Rawls's A Theory of Justice in 1971 is considered a milestone. Rawls used a thought experiment, the original position, in which representative parties choose principles of justice for the basic structure of society from behind a veil of ignorance.... | What is Robert Nozick's book considered in American philosophy? | {'text': 'a milestone', 'answer_start': 123} |
102,162 | 101,820 | 57317177a5e9cc1400cdbf6f | generic | The coup completed, the RCC proceeded with their intentions of consolidating the revolutionary government and modernizing the country. They purged monarchists and members of Idris' Senussi clan from Libya's political world and armed forces; Gaddafi believed this elite were opposed to the will of the Libyan people and h... | How many people were executed by the People's Courts? | {'text': 'none', 'answer_start': 458} |
118,730 | 118,388 | 5a86347ab4e223001a8e74d9 | generic | The language was first introduced in North America when Russian explorers voyaged into Alaska and claimed it for Russia during the 1700s. Although most colonists left after the United States bought the land in 1867, a handful stayed and preserved the Russian language in this region to this day, although only a few elde... | What is the term for Jews living in Russia? | {'text': 'Russophones', 'answer_start': 945} |
74,718 | 74,376 | 57275a2bdd62a815002e9b9d | generic | Traditionally a carnival feast was the last opportunity to eat well before the time of food shortage at the end of the winter during which one was limited to the minimum necessary. On what nowadays is called vastenavond (the days before fasting) all the remaining winter stores of lard, butter and meat which were left w... | What was one limited to during the winter? | {'text': 'the minimum necessary', 'answer_start': 158} |
31,675 | 31,333 | 5ad41cfa604f3c001a4005a5 | generic | In 1900, after Galveston was struck by a devastating hurricane, efforts to make Houston into a viable deep-water port were accelerated. The following year, oil discovered at the Spindletop oil field near Beaumont prompted the development of the Texas petroleum industry. In 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt approved a ... | Near what Oklahoma city is the Spindletop oil field located? | {'text': 'Beaumont', 'answer_start': 204} |
130,500 | 130,158 | 5a6bba8a4eec6b001a80a554 | generic | Some risk factors for death include age, hemodynamic parameters (such as heart failure, cardiac arrest on admission, systolic blood pressure, or Killip class of two or greater), ST-segment deviation, diabetes, serum creatinine, peripheral vascular disease, and elevation of cardiac markers. Assessment of left ventricula... | How many classes of ST-segmentation are there? | {'text': 'two or greater', 'answer_start': 161} |
117,133 | 116,791 | 5ad013b477cf76001a6868e6 | generic | The most prominent struggle for power was the conflict that erupted after the death of Yaroslav the Wise. The rivaling Principality of Polotsk was contesting the power of the Grand Prince by occupying Novgorod, while Rostislav Vladimirovich was fighting for the Black Sea port of Tmutarakan belonging to Chernihiv.[citat... | What did not cause a conflict of power? | {'text': 'the death of Yaroslav the Wise', 'answer_start': 74} |
83,592 | 83,250 | 5727d5953acd2414000dedb2 | generic | Oklahoma is host to a diverse range of sectors including aviation, energy, transportation equipment, food processing, electronics, and telecommunications. Oklahoma is an important producer of natural gas, aircraft, and food. The state ranks third in the nation for production of natural gas, is the 27th-most agricultura... | How does Oklahoma rank among US states for agriculture? | {'text': '27th', 'answer_start': 299} |
105,851 | 105,509 | 5a87aee11d3cee001a6a12e6 | generic | Vacuum is useful in a variety of processes and devices. Its first widespread use was in the incandescent light bulb to protect the filament from chemical degradation. The chemical inertness produced by a vacuum is also useful for electron beam welding, cold welding, vacuum packing and vacuum frying. Ultra-high vacuum i... | What are lightbulbs able to lower the boiling point of? | {'text': 'liquids', 'answer_start': 957} |
54,807 | 54,465 | 57264129271a42140099d7df | generic | Corruption and Trikoupis' increased spending to create necessary infrastructure like the Corinth Canal overtaxed the weak Greek economy, forcing the declaration of public insolvency in 1893 and to accept the imposition of an International Financial Control authority to pay off the country's debtors. Another political i... | The people of Greece that had higher education saw what dialect as beneath them? | {'text': 'Demotic', 'answer_start': 437} |
35,209 | 34,867 | 5a679272f038b7001ab0c2d8 | generic | The four main dialectal forms of Old English were Mercian, Northumbrian, Kentish, and West Saxon. Mercian and Northumbrian are together referred to as Anglian. In terms of geography the Northumbrian region lay north of the Humber River; the Mercian lay north of the Thames and South of the Humber River; West Saxon lay s... | What were the four main dialects of Old German? | {'text': 'Mercian, Northumbrian, Kentish, and West Saxon.', 'answer_start': 50} |
88,820 | 88,478 | 5a85a6cab4e223001a8e7157 | generic | On 16 September 2001, at Camp David, President George W. Bush used the phrase war on terrorism in an unscripted and controversial comment when he said, "This crusade – this war on terrorism – is going to take a while, ... " Bush later apologized for this remark due to the negative connotations the term crusade has to p... | Who protested the use of the word crusade? | {'text': 'President George W. Bush', 'answer_start': 37} |
24,184 | 23,842 | 56f969499b226e1400dd1414 | generic | Population has outstripped the supply of freshwater, usually from rainfall. The northern atolls get 50 inches (1,300 mm) of rainfall annually; the southern atolls about twice that. The threat of drought is commonplace throughout the island chains. | What is the Marshall Islands often threatened with? | {'text': 'drought', 'answer_start': 195} |
117,442 | 117,100 | 5a42f4eb4a4859001aac73c1 | generic | During the SNES's life, Nintendo contracted with two different companies to develop a CD-ROM-based peripheral for the console to compete with Sega's CD-ROM based addon, Mega-CD. Ultimately, deals with both Sony and Philips fell through, (although a prototype console was produced by Sony) with Philips gaining the right ... | What happened to the deals made with Sega? | {'text': 'fell through', 'answer_start': 223} |
103,052 | 102,710 | 5ad4ce075b96ef001a10a12f | generic | Apart from being an ardent gamer Spielberg has had a long history of involvement in video games. He has been giving thanks to his games of his division DreamWorks Interactive most notable as Someone's in the Kitchen with script written by Animaniacs' Paul Rugg, Goosebumps: Escape from HorrorLand, The Neverhood (all in ... | In what year did Boom Blox get released on the Wii? | {'text': '2005', 'answer_start': 502} |
58,011 | 57,669 | 5ace948332bba1001ae4aad5 | generic | BYU offers programs in liberal arts, engineering, agriculture, management, physical and mathematical sciences, nursing and law. The university is broadly organized into 11 colleges or schools at its main Provo campus, with certain colleges and divisions defining their own admission standards. The university also admini... | Who sponsors the schools in Hawaii and Salt Lake City? | {'text': 'Church Educational System', 'answer_start': 429} |
49,048 | 48,706 | 571b037d9499d21900609bcd | generic | The first use of asphalt/bitumen in the New World was by indigenous peoples. On the west coast, as early as the 13th century, the Tongva, Luiseño and Chumash peoples collected the naturally occurring asphalt/bitumen that seeped to the surface above underlying petroleum deposits. All three used the substance as an adhes... | What group initially made use of asphalt? | {'text': 'indigenous peoples', 'answer_start': 57} |
52,535 | 52,193 | 5725c87eec44d21400f3d567 | generic | Remodelling of the structure began in 1762. After his accession to the throne in 1820, King George IV continued the renovation with the idea in mind of a small, comfortable home. While the work was in progress, in 1826, the King decided to modify the house into a palace with the help of his architect John Nash. Some fu... | Who was hired in 1830 to finish the work on the palace? | {'text': 'Edward Blore', 'answer_start': 750} |
74,403 | 74,061 | 572bb58f111d821400f38f52 | generic | The city also has several major surface arteries. U.S. Route 1 (Columbus Avenue, Union Avenue, Water Street, Forbes Avenue) runs in an east-west direction south of downtown serving Union Station and leading out of the city to Milford, West Haven, East Haven and Branford. The main road from downtown heading northwest is... | Where does U.S. Route 1 runs in terms of direction within the city? | {'text': 'east-west direction', 'answer_start': 135} |
47,187 | 46,845 | 5a8ccf41fd22b3001a8d8ecb | generic | Short-term memory is believed to rely mostly on an acoustic code for storing information, and to a lesser extent a visual code. Conrad (1964) found that test subjects had more difficulty recalling collections of letters that were acoustically similar (e.g. E, P, D). Confusion with recalling acoustically similar letters... | What didn't Conrad find out about test subjects? | {'text': 'had more difficulty recalling collections of letters that were acoustically similar', 'answer_start': 167} |
77,181 | 76,839 | 5a8c89eafd22b3001a8d8a54 | generic | Bowers and Tanselle argue for rejecting textual variants that an author inserted at the suggestion of others. Bowers said that his edition of Stephen Crane's first novel, Maggie, presented "the author's final and uninfluenced artistic intentions." In his writings, Tanselle refers to "unconstrained authorial intention" ... | Who argued for works where the author listens to input from others? | {'text': 'Bowers and Tanselle', 'answer_start': 0} |
73,742 | 73,400 | 5727862f5951b619008f8c52 | generic | In the 51 years prior to the Empire Stadium opening, the final (including 8 replays) was held in a variety of locations, predominantly in London, and mainly at the Kennington Oval and then Crystal Palace. It was played 22 times in the Oval (the inaugural competition in 1872, and then all but two times until 1892). Afte... | How many times has Crystal Palce hosted the FA cup? | {'text': '21', 'answer_start': 354} |
3,166 | 2,824 | 5ad243f0d7d075001a428a2b | generic | In the United Kingdom, the film grossed £4.1 million ($6.4 million) from its Monday preview screenings. It grossed £6.3 million ($9.2 million) on its opening day and then £5.7 million ($8.8 million) on Wednesday, setting UK records for both days. In the film's first seven days it grossed £41.7 million ($63.8 million), ... | In the film's first eight days it grossed how much? | {'text': '63.8 million', 'answer_start': 305} |
12,293 | 11,951 | 5a5ac2cd9c0277001abe7182 | generic | In the Roman Catholic Church, obstinate and willful manifest heresy is considered to spiritually cut one off from the Church, even before excommunication is incurred. The Codex Justinianus (1:5:12) defines "everyone who is not devoted to the Catholic Church and to our Orthodox holy Faith" a heretic. The Church had alwa... | What sect was spreading west from the 1100's-1200's? | {'text': 'Manichaean sect of Paulicians', 'answer_start': 593} |
49,627 | 49,285 | 5723dd7f0dadf01500fa1f51 | generic | Internationally, Victoria took a keen interest in the improvement of relations between France and Britain. She made and hosted several visits between the British royal family and the House of Orleans, who were related by marriage through the Coburgs. In 1843 and 1845, she and Albert stayed with King Louis Philippe I at... | What was the name of the King of Normandy that Victoria and Albert stayed with in 1843 and 1845? | {'text': 'King Louis Philippe I', 'answer_start': 296} |
98,532 | 98,190 | 572aa285be1ee31400cb80e7 | generic | In the first decades of the 19th century, Federal architecture and Greek Revival architecture were dominated by Philadelphia architects such as Benjamin Latrobe, William Strickland, John Haviland, John Notman, Thomas U. Walter, and Samuel Sloan. Frank Furness is considered Philadelphia's greatest architect of the secon... | What does this commission control? | {'text': 'Philadelphia Register of Historic Places', 'answer_start': 703} |
111,874 | 111,532 | 5733eefdd058e614000b6624 | generic | In 2011, a Welsh club participated in the Premier League for the first time after Swansea City gained promotion. The first Premier League match to be played outside England was Swansea City's home match at the Liberty Stadium against Wigan Athletic on 20 August 2011. In 2012–13, Swansea qualified for the Europa League ... | On which date did Swansea City play its first Premier League game? | {'text': '20 August 2011', 'answer_start': 252} |
68,059 | 67,717 | 5726d4705951b619008f7f57 | generic | Mali underwent economic reform, beginning in 1988 by signing agreements with the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. During 1988 to 1996, Mali's government largely reformed public enterprises. Since the agreement, sixteen enterprises were privatized, 12 partially privatized, and 20 liquidated. In 2005, the ... | In what years did Mali restructure public enterprises? | {'text': '1988 to 1996', 'answer_start': 136} |
130,617 | 130,275 | 5a7de6bf70df9f001a8752d7 | generic | In astrophysics and cosmology, dark matter is matter of unknown composition that does not emit or reflect enough electromagnetic radiation to be observed directly, but whose presence can be inferred from gravitational effects on visible matter. Observational evidence of the early universe and the big bang theory requir... | What does dark matter emit to make it visible? | {'text': 'electromagnetic radiation', 'answer_start': 113} |
2,533 | 2,191 | 56d1298217492d1400aabaf8 | generic | Twilight Princess takes place several centuries after Ocarina of Time and Majora's Mask, and begins with a youth named Link who is working as a ranch hand in Ordon Village. One day, the village is attacked by Bulblins, who carry off the village's children with Link in pursuit before he encounters a wall of Twilight. A ... | Where is Link working as a ranch hand? | {'text': 'Ordon Village', 'answer_start': 158} |
46,424 | 46,082 | 5ad2abced7d075001a429e77 | generic | Atari Games created a line of NES products under the name Tengen and took a different approach. The company attempted to reverse engineer the lockout chip to develop its own "Rabbit" chip. However, Tengen also obtained a description of the lockout chip from the United States Patent and Trademark Office by falsely claim... | What didn't Nintendo sue Tengen for? | {'text': 'copyright infringement', 'answer_start': 433} |
130,293 | 129,951 | 5735c081e853931400426b42 | generic | The National Museum is located in the western part of Kathmandu, near the Swayambhunath stupa in an historical building. This building was constructed in the early 19th century by General Bhimsen Thapa. It is the most important museum in the country, housing an extensive collection of weapons, art and antiquities of hi... | When was the National Museum founded? | {'text': '1928', 'answer_start': 382} |
15,695 | 15,353 | 56e07ffe231d4119001ac1fa | generic | A satellite ground station with a 7.6-metre (25 ft) satellite dish installed in 1989 at The Briars is the only international connection providing satellite links through Intelsat 707 to Ascension island and the United Kingdom. Since all international telephone and internet communications are relying on this single sate... | Both telephone and internet services are subject to what? | {'text': 'sun outages', 'answer_start': 382} |
7,372 | 7,030 | 56d8dc9cdc89441400fdb350 | generic |
Turkey: The torch relay leg in Istanbul, held on April 3, started on Sultanahmet Square and finished in Taksim Square. Uyghurs living in Turkey protested at Chinese treatment of their compatriots living in Xinjiang. Several protesters who tried to disrupt the relay were promptly arrested by the police. | When was the torch in Istanbul? | {'text': 'April 3', 'answer_start': 51} |
121,341 | 120,999 | 57316811e6313a140071ceff | generic | The great Navicella mosaic (1305–1313) in the atrium of the Old St. Peter's is attributed to Giotto di Bondone. The giant mosaic, commissioned by Cardinal Jacopo Stefaneschi, was originally situated on the eastern porch of the old basilica and occupied the whole wall above the entrance arcade facing the courtyard. It d... | What century was the majority of the Navicella mosaic destroyed? | {'text': 'the 17th', 'answer_start': 456} |
76,186 | 75,844 | 57277b69dd62a815002e9e2b | generic | In May 1985, Gorbachev delivered a speech in Leningrad advocating reforms and an anti-alcohol campaign to tackle widespread alcoholism. Prices on vodka, wine, and beer were raised in order to make these drinks more expensive and a disincentive to consumers, and the introduction of rationing. Unlike most forms of ration... | Whose anti-alcohol program did Gorbachev's remind people of? | {'text': 'Tsar Nicholas II', 'answer_start': 641} |
113,346 | 113,004 | 5ad4da115b96ef001a10a3c3 | generic | With the automobile being the primary means of transportation for over 80 percent of its residents, San Diego is served by a network of freeways and highways. This includes Interstate 5, which runs south to Tijuana and north to Los Angeles; Interstate 8, which runs east to Imperial County and the Arizona Sun Corridor; ... | Where does Interstate 805 split from I-6? | {'text': 'near the Mexican border', 'answer_start': 457} |
31,022 | 30,680 | 57071cb49e06ca38007e9446 | generic | The state has a great diversity due to the large number of microclimates found and dramatic varying terrain. The flora throughout the Sierra Madre Occidental mountain range varies with elevation. Pine (Pinus) and oak (Quercus) species are usually found at an elevation of 2,000 m (6,560 ft) above sea level. The most com... | What type of life varies greatly with the elevation in the mountains? | {'text': 'flora', 'answer_start': 113} |
83,701 | 83,359 | 5727e4173acd2414000def1c | generic | Oklahoma's largest commercial airport is Will Rogers World Airport in Oklahoma City, averaging a yearly passenger count of more than 3.5 million (1.7 million boardings) in 2010. Tulsa International Airport, the state's second largest commercial airport, served more than 1.3 million boardings in 2010. Between the two, s... | Where is Oklahoma's largest airport? | {'text': 'Oklahoma City', 'answer_start': 70} |
24,340 | 23,998 | 56f7fd1faef2371900625d36 | generic | In the Kingdom of Poland and later in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, ennoblement (nobilitacja) may be equated with an individual given legal status as a szlachta (member of the Polish nobility). Initially, this privilege could be granted by monarch, but from the 1641 onward, this right was reserved for the sejm. M... | Before 1641 the privileged ennoblement was granted by what? | {'text': 'by monarch', 'answer_start': 243} |
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