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89,428 | 89,086 | 5ad16586645df0001a2d1998 | generic | The party's decision-making bodies on a national level formally include the National Executive Committee (NEC), Labour Party Conference and National Policy Forum (NPF)—although in practice the Parliamentary leadership has the final say on policy. The 2008 Labour Party Conference was the first at which affiliated trade ... | When was the first time trade unions had the right to submit motions? | {'text': '2008', 'answer_start': 251} |
32,484 | 32,142 | 5709672f200fba1400367f5d | generic | Himachal Pradesh is governed through a parliamentary system of representative democracy, a feature the state shares with other Indian states. Universal suffrage is granted to residents. The legislature consists of elected members and special office bearers such as the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker who are elected by t... | How long are the terms of office? | {'text': '5 years, unless the Assembly is dissolved prior to the completion of the term', 'answer_start': 1131} |
97,860 | 97,518 | 572a74b727b69114009ef5ce | generic | al-Qarawīyīn University in Fez, Morocco is recognised by many historians as the oldest degree-granting university in the world, having been founded in 859 by Fatima al-Fihri. While the madrasa college could also issue degrees at all levels, the jāmiʻahs (such as al-Qarawīyīn and al-Azhar University) differed in the sen... | When was al-Qarawiyin University founded? | {'text': '859', 'answer_start': 151} |
56,542 | 56,200 | 5a67c59cf038b7001ab0c466 | generic | The Recommended Exposure Index (REI) technique, new in the 2006 version of the standard, allows the manufacturer to specify a camera model’s EI choices arbitrarily. The choices are based solely on the manufacturer’s opinion of what EI values produce well-exposed sRGB images at the various sensor sensitivity settings. T... | Who created the 2006 standard? | {'text': 'the manufacturer', 'answer_start': 197} |
100,040 | 99,698 | 572b71c2be1ee31400cb8399 | generic | The similarities between Czech and Slovak led to the languages being considered a single language by a group of 19th-century scholars who called themselves "Czechoslavs" (Čechoslováci), believing that the peoples were connected in a way which excluded German Bohemians and (to a lesser extent) Hungarians and other Slavs... | When was the first Czechoslovak Republic? | {'text': '1918–1938', 'answer_start': 362} |
98,096 | 97,754 | 5ad38194604f3c001a3fe485 | generic | After Fidel Castro rose to power in Cuba in 1959, many wealthy Cubans sought refuge in Miami, further increasing the population. The city developed businesses and cultural amenities as part of the New South. In the 1980s and 1990s, South Florida weathered social problems related to drug wars, immigration from Haiti and... | In what year did Fidel Castro lose Cuba? | {'text': '1959', 'answer_start': 44} |
28,827 | 28,485 | 57069d2c75f01819005e7c4b | generic | Sandra Laing is a South African woman who was classified as Coloured by authorities during the apartheid era, due to her skin colour and hair texture, although her parents could prove at least three generations of European ancestors. At age 10, she was expelled from her all-white school. The officials' decisions based ... | What year was the movie "Skin" made? | {'text': '2008', 'answer_start': 412} |
113,490 | 113,148 | 572ff8b5b2c2fd1400568694 | generic | Yet another influential philosopher who had an influence on modern philosophy was Ibn Tufail. His philosophical novel, Hayy ibn Yaqdha, translated into Latin as Philosophus Autodidactus in 1671, developed the themes of empiricism, tabula rasa, nature versus nurture, condition of possibility, materialism, and Molyneux's... | Who wrote Hayy ibn Yaqdha? | {'text': 'Ibn Tufail', 'answer_start': 82} |
4,175 | 3,833 | 56cf39b4aab44d1400b88eb4 | generic | New York City has a high degree of income disparity as indicated by its Gini Coefficient of 0.5 for the city overall and 0.6 for Manhattan. The disparity is driven by wage growth in high-income brackets, while wages have stagnated for middle and lower-income brackets. In the first quarter of 2014, the average weekly wa... | What is the average weekly wage in Manhattan? | {'text': '$2,749', 'answer_start': 358} |
45,860 | 45,518 | 571078d1a58dae1900cd69c2 | generic | The target audience of natural history was French polite society, evidenced more by the specific discourse of the genre than by the generally high prices of its works. Naturalists catered to polite society's desire for erudition – many texts had an explicit instructive purpose. However, natural history was often a poli... | Who was the target audience of natural history? | {'text': 'French polite society', 'answer_start': 43} |
56,419 | 56,077 | 5a679303f038b7001ab0c2f4 | generic | Before the advent of the ASA system, the system of Weston film speed ratings was introduced by Edward Faraday Weston (1878–1971) and his father Dr. Edward Weston (1850–1936), a British-born electrical engineer, industrialist and founder of the US-based Weston Electrical Instrument Corporation, with the Weston model 617... | Who introduced the ASA system? | {'text': 'Edward Faraday Weston', 'answer_start': 95} |
11,375 | 11,033 | 56de560a4396321400ee281e | generic | There are other language groupings in Southern Europe. Albanian is spoken in Albania, Kosovo, Macedoonia, and parts of Greece. Maltese is a Semitic language that is the official language of Malta. The Basque language is spoken in the Basque Country, a region in northern Spain and southwestern France. | What type of language is Maltese? | {'text': 'Semitic', 'answer_start': 140} |
58,698 | 58,356 | 5ad0c831645df0001a2d030a | generic | Chain department stores grew rapidly after 1920, and provided competition for the downtown upscale department stores, as well as local department stores in small cities. J. C. Penney had four stores in 1908, 312 in 1920, and 1452 in 1930. Sears, Roebuck & Company, a giant mail-order house, opened its first eight retail... | How many stores was J. C. Penny operating in 1903? | {'text': '1452', 'answer_start': 225} |
7,889 | 7,547 | 5a594b3b3e1742001a15d05a | generic | In eukaryotes such as plants, protozoa and animals, however, "genome" carries the typical connotation of only information on chromosomal DNA. So although these organisms contain chloroplasts or mitochondria that have their own DNA, the genetic information contained by DNA within these organelles is not considered part ... | What does genome mean when referring to eukaryotes such as mitochondria? | {'text': 'only information on chromosomal DNA', 'answer_start': 105} |
67,455 | 67,113 | 5726bfb05951b619008f7d26 | generic | Because the rotor is much lighter in weight (mass) than a conventional rotor formed from copper windings on steel laminations, the rotor can accelerate much more rapidly, often achieving a mechanical time constant under one ms. This is especially true if the windings use aluminum rather than the heavier copper. But bec... | How is a coreless motor cooled? | {'text': 'forced air', 'answer_start': 435} |
23,355 | 23,013 | 56f6fdb13d8e2e1400e37310 | generic | A treaty is an official, express written agreement that states use to legally bind themselves. A treaty is the official document which expresses that agreement in words; and it is also the objective outcome of a ceremonial occasion which acknowledges the parties and their defined relationships. | How are the agreements in a treaty expressed? | {'text': 'in words', 'answer_start': 160} |
26,718 | 26,376 | 5a56c9b96349e2001acdcf41 | generic | The MoD has since been regarded as a leader in elaborating the post-Cold War organising concept of "defence diplomacy". As a result of the Strategic Defence and Security Review 2010, Prime Minister David Cameron signed a 50-year treaty with French President Nicolas Sarkozy that would have the two countries co-operate i... | What did Oman sign with France? | {'text': 'a 50-year treaty', 'answer_start': 219} |
55,116 | 54,774 | 5a622e60f8d794001af1beac | generic | In February 1907, the Royal Dutch Shell Group was created through the amalgamation of two rival companies: the Royal Dutch Petroleum Company of the Netherlands and the "Shell" Transport and Trading Company Ltd of the United Kingdom. It was a move largely driven by the need to compete globally with Standard Oil. The Roy... | What was Hugo Loudon's brother? | {'text': 'Samuel Samuel', 'answer_start': 677} |
35,114 | 34,772 | 5a3979ad2f14dd001ac72384 | generic | Everton F.C. is a limited company with the board of directors holding a majority of the shares. The club's most recent accounts, from May 2014, show a net total debt of £28.1 million, with a turnover of £120.5 million and a profit of £28.2 million. The club's overdraft with Barclays Bank is secured against the Premier ... | How much debt was consolidated in 2002 by Everton? | {'text': '£120.5 million', 'answer_start': 203} |
89,914 | 89,572 | 5ad40c5b604f3c001a400054 | generic | In 1795, the First Russian Orthodox Church was established in Kodiak. Intermarriage with Alaskan Natives helped the Russian immigrants integrate into society. As a result, an increasing number of Russian Orthodox churches gradually became established within Alaska. Alaska also has the largest Quaker population (by perc... | Alaska has the smallest population of what religious lifestyle of any state? | {'text': 'Quaker population', 'answer_start': 294} |
44,647 | 44,305 | 57102712b654c5140001f878 | generic | The Queen surpassed her great-great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, to become the longest-lived British monarch in December 2007, and the longest-reigning British monarch on 9 September 2015. She was celebrated in Canada as the "longest-reigning sovereign in Canada's modern era". (King Louis XIV of France reigned over par... | In age of monarchs, what is the rank of Elizabeth's reign? | {'text': "world's oldest", 'answer_start': 403} |
92,908 | 92,566 | 5728fc671d04691400778f09 | generic | In the 1500s a new type of armor started to become popular due to the advent of firearms, new fighting tactics and the need for additional protection. The kozane dou made from individual scales was replaced by plate armor. This new armor, which used iron plated dou (dō), was referred to as Tosei-gusoku, or modern armor... | What new type of armor replaced the old? | {'text': 'plate armor', 'answer_start': 210} |
10,463 | 10,121 | 56de24b24396321400ee2600 | generic | During the Age of Enlightenment, philosophers such as John Locke advocated the principle in their writings, whereas others, such as Thomas Hobbes, strongly opposed it. Montesquieu was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. His writings considerably influenced the... | Whose thoughts were impacted by Montesquieu's philosophy? | {'text': 'the framers of the United States Constitution', 'answer_start': 333} |
83,546 | 83,204 | 5727d20b2ca10214002d9756 | generic | Over almost all of Oklahoma, winter is the driest season. Average monthly precipitation increases dramatically in the spring to a peak in May, the wettest month over most of the state, with its frequent and not uncommonly severe thunderstorm activity. Early June can still be wet, but most years see a marked decrease in... | Which season is the most dry in Oklahoma? | {'text': 'winter', 'answer_start': 29} |
54,782 | 54,440 | 572636e6271a42140099d78f | generic | The 16th and 17th centuries are regarded as something of a "dark age" in Greek history, with the prospect of overthrowing Ottoman rule appearing remote with only the Ionian islands remaining free of Turkish domination. Corfu withstood three major sieges in 1537, 1571 and 1716 all of which resulted in the repulsion of t... | Greece's Dark Ages is thought of as what time periods? | {'text': '16th and 17th centuries', 'answer_start': 4} |
33,813 | 33,471 | 5709add7ed30961900e843f9 | generic | For 1890, the Census Office changed the design of the population questionnaire. Residents were still listed individually, but a new questionnaire sheet was used for each family. Additionally, this was the first year that the census distinguished between different East Asian races, such as Japanese and Chinese, due to i... | Why were different East Asian races divided in 1890 Census? | {'text': 'increased immigration', 'answer_start': 319} |
13,575 | 13,233 | 56dfa4514a1a83140091ec07 | generic | At the 1966 "Man the Hunter" conference, anthropologists Richard Borshay Lee and Irven DeVore suggested that egalitarianism was one of several central characteristics of nomadic hunting and gathering societies because mobility requires minimization of material possessions throughout a population. Therefore, no surplus ... | When was the Man the Hunter conference? | {'text': '1966', 'answer_start': 7} |
33,404 | 33,062 | 5709c643ed30961900e8448a | generic | The Lophotrochozoa, evolved within Protostomia, include two of the most successful animal phyla, the Mollusca and Annelida. The former, which is the second-largest animal phylum by number of described species, includes animals such as snails, clams, and squids, and the latter comprises the segmented worms, such as eart... | What are two of the most successful animal phyla? | {'text': 'Mollusca and Annelida', 'answer_start': 101} |
94,422 | 94,080 | 5a3eae585a76c5001a3a8457 | generic | Being Sicily's administrative capital, Palermo is a centre for much of the region's finance, tourism and commerce. The city currently hosts an international airport, and Palermo's economic growth over the years has brought the opening of many new businesses. The economy mainly relies on tourism and services, but also h... | What has caused crime to go up in Palermo? | {'text': 'widespread corruption, inefficient bureaucracy and organized crime', 'answer_start': 560} |
2,418 | 2,076 | 5a8d7bf7df8bba001a0f9ab2 | generic | The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess (Japanese: ゼルダの伝説 トワイライトプリンセス, Hepburn: Zeruda no Densetsu: Towairaito Purinsesu?) is an action-adventure game developed and published by Nintendo for the GameCube and Wii home video game consoles. It is the thirteenth installment in the The Legend of Zelda series. Originally plan... | What consoles can be used to play Australia Twilight? | {'text': 'GameCube and Wii', 'answer_start': 194} |
79,812 | 79,470 | 5727eaf0ff5b5019007d987e | generic | There are a variety of watersports in Cork, including rowing and sailing. There are five rowing clubs training on the river Lee, including Shandon BC, UCC RC, Pres RC, Lee RC, and Cork BC. Naomhóga Chorcaí is a rowing club whose members row traditional naomhóga on the Lee in occasional competitions. The "Ocean to City"... | Where is the world's oldest yahct club? | {'text': 'The Royal Cork Yacht Club located in Crosshaven', 'answer_start': 689} |
66,602 | 66,260 | 5726b358f1498d1400e8e7fa | generic | Burke's last publications were the Letters on a Regicide Peace (October 1796), called forth by negotiations for peace with France by the Pitt government. Burke regarded this as appeasement, injurious to national dignity and honour. In his Second Letter, Burke wrote of the French Revolutionary Government: "Individuality... | What did Burke think was missing from the French Revolutionary Government? | {'text': 'Individuality', 'answer_start': 307} |
84,452 | 84,110 | 57282c383acd2414000df634 | generic | During the presidential referendum in Egypt, Nasser was re-elected to a second term as UAR president and took his oath on 25 March 1965. He was the only candidate for the position, with virtually all of his political opponents forbidden by law from running for office, and his fellow party members reduced to mere follow... | The leader of what organization was imprisoned by Nasser? | {'text': 'Muslim Brotherhood', 'answer_start': 356} |
68,246 | 67,904 | 5acd56cc07355d001abf3dc0 | generic | Midtown Raleigh is a residential and commercial area just North of the I-440 Beltline and is part of North Raleigh. It is roughly framed by Glenwood/Creedmoor Road to the West, Wake Forest Road to the East, and Millbrook Road to the North. It includes shopping centers such as North Hills and Crabtree Valley Mall. It al... | What is the area south of I-440? | {'text': 'Midtown Raleigh', 'answer_start': 0} |
72,614 | 72,272 | 5a732f0b53a187001ae63147 | generic | Comcast is sometimes described as a family business. Brian L. Roberts, Chairman, President, and CEO of Comcast, is son of co-founder Ralph Roberts. Roberts owns or controls just over 1% of all Comcast shares but all of the Class B supervoting shares, which gives him an "undilutable 33% voting power over the company". L... | What is Susan P. Crawford's salary? | {'text': 'about $31 million', 'answer_start': 527} |
72,299 | 71,957 | 5a1105a106e79900185c34e1 | generic | The third Digimon series, which began airing on April 1, 2001, is set largely in a "real world" where the Adventure and Adventure 02 series are television shows, and where Digimon game merchandise (based on actual items) become key to providing power boosts to real Digimon which appear in that world. The plot revolves ... | Why is the card game controversial? | {'text': 'the Lovecraftian nature of the last arc', 'answer_start': 1713} |
15,844 | 15,502 | 56e06851231d4119001ac0b6 | generic | Preaspirated stops also occur in most Sami languages; for example, in North Sami, the unvoiced stop and affricate phonemes /p/, /t/, /ts/, /tʃ/, /k/ are pronounced preaspirated ([ʰp], [ʰt] [ʰts], [ʰtʃ], [ʰk]) when they occur in medial or final position. | Which Sami tongue has unvoiced stop and affricate phonemes pronounced preaspirated? | {'text': 'North Sami', 'answer_start': 70} |
97,982 | 97,640 | 572a8a8034ae481900deab68 | generic | Today, the system of Arabic and Islamic education has grown and further integrated with Kerala government administration. In 2005, an estimated 6,000 Muslim Arabic teachers taught in Kerala government schools, with over 500,000 Muslim students. State-appointed committees, not private mosques or religious scholars outsi... | How many Muslim teachers are there in Kerala? | {'text': '6,000', 'answer_start': 144} |
60,707 | 60,365 | 57266e705951b619008f7282 | generic | Since 1718, transportation to the American colonies had been a penalty for various criminal offences in Britain, with approximately one thousand convicts transported per year across the Atlantic. Forced to find an alternative location after the loss of the 13 Colonies in 1783, the British government turned to the newly... | Where did Britain switch to sending their convicts after the loss of the American colonies? | {'text': 'Australia', 'answer_start': 341} |
113,948 | 113,606 | 5acd68e807355d001abf4100 | generic | The oldest rocks in the group are in the north west of Scotland, Ireland and North Wales and are 2,700 million years old. During the Silurian period the north-western regions collided with the south-east, which had been part of a separate continental landmass. The topography of the islands is modest in scale by global ... | By 4600 BC, Great Britain was established as what? | {'text': 'an island', 'answer_start': 1135} |
68,668 | 68,326 | 57270cbadd62a815002e9850 | generic | These statistics point to the complexities surrounding the lack of health/nutrition literacy and reveal the degree to which they are embedded in the social structure and interconnected with other problems. Among these problems are the lack of information about food choices, a lack of understanding of nutritional inform... | What did the studies show there was a lack of understanding of by the population? | {'text': 'nutritional information', 'answer_start': 302} |
88,851 | 88,509 | 572842b53acd2414000df7f1 | generic | The origins of al-Qaeda can be traced to the Soviet war in Afghanistan (December 1979 – February 1989). The United States, United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and the People's Republic of China supported the Islamist Afghan mujahadeen guerillas against the military forces of the Soviet Union and the Democratic Repu... | Which war gave birth to al-Qaeda? | {'text': 'the Soviet war in Afghanistan', 'answer_start': 41} |
70,965 | 70,623 | 5a57bbd9770dc0001aeefd22 | generic | Several churches and monasteries were built inside, or close to, the city of Utrecht. The most dominant of these was the Cathedral of Saint Martin, inside the old Roman fortress. The construction of the present Gothic building was begun in 1254 after an earlier romanesque construction had been badly damaged by fire. Th... | What was Utrecht built around? | {'text': 'churches and monasteries', 'answer_start': 8} |
118,078 | 117,736 | 5a2718fec93d92001a4003e6 | generic | Another misunderstanding is that, by her immaculate conception, Mary did not need a saviour. When defining the dogma in Ineffabilis Deus, Pope Pius IX explicitly affirmed that Mary was redeemed in a manner more sublime. He stated that Mary, rather than being cleansed after sin, was completely prevented from contracting... | Who said that if humans had never sinned they would not need God's grace? | {'text': 'Second Council of Orange', 'answer_start': 552} |
124,723 | 124,381 | 57325c2fe99e3014001e6716 | generic | Sociologist Rodney Stark states that Jehovah's Witness leaders are "not always very democratic" and that members "are expected to conform to rather strict standards," but adds that "enforcement tends to be very informal, sustained by the close bonds of friendship within the group", and that Jehovah's Witnesses see them... | How do Jehovah's Witnesses see themselves in regards to the power structure of the church? | {'text': '"part of the power structure rather than subject to it."', 'answer_start': 330} |
108,735 | 108,393 | 572fb05804bcaa1900d76bf3 | generic | One of Hyderabad's earliest newspapers, The Deccan Times, was established in the 1780s. In modern times, the major Telugu dailies published in Hyderabad are Eenadu, Andhra Jyothy, Sakshi and Namaste Telangana, while the major English papers are The Times of India, The Hindu and The Deccan Chronicle. The major Urdu pape... | What type of paper is The Siasat Daily? | {'text': 'major Urdu papers', 'answer_start': 305} |
93,727 | 93,385 | 572922ae1d0469140077909b | generic | In the last years of the nineteenth century, Planck was investigating the problem of black-body radiation first posed by Kirchhoff some forty years earlier. It is well known that hot objects glow, and that hotter objects glow brighter than cooler ones. The electromagnetic field obeys laws of motion similarly to a mass ... | What was Planck studying in the last part of the nineteenth century? | {'text': 'the problem of black-body radiation', 'answer_start': 70} |
34,906 | 34,564 | 5ad24477d7d075001a428a5e | generic | Through the use of multidimensional scaling, psychologists can map out similar emotional experiences, which allows a visual depiction of the "emotional distance" between experiences. A further step can be taken by looking at the map's dimensions of the emotional experiences. The emotional experiences are divided into t... | What do psychologists use to non-visually map emotional experiences? | {'text': 'multidimensional scaling', 'answer_start': 19} |
64,150 | 63,808 | 5726ee7af1498d1400e8f045 | generic | Yale's English and Comparative Literature departments were part of the New Criticism movement. Of the New Critics, Robert Penn Warren, W.K. Wimsatt, and Cleanth Brooks were all Yale faculty. Later, the Yale Comparative literature department became a center of American deconstruction. Jacques Derrida, the father of deco... | Who is known as the father of deconstruction? | {'text': 'Jacques Derrida', 'answer_start': 285} |
105,704 | 105,362 | 572eb66fdfa6aa1500f8d2f1 | generic | In the medieval Middle Eastern world, the physicist and Islamic scholar, Al-Farabi (Alpharabius, 872–950), conducted a small experiment concerning the existence of vacuum, in which he investigated handheld plungers in water.[unreliable source?] He concluded that air's volume can expand to fill available space, and he s... | who stated that there was no evidence to rule out a vacuum? | {'text': 'Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī', 'answer_start': 777} |
116,709 | 116,367 | 5a4e72b0755ab9001a10f455 | generic | An airport is an aerodrome with facilities for flights to take off and land. Airports often have facilities to store and maintain aircraft, and a control tower. An airport consists of a landing area, which comprises an aerially accessible open space including at least one operationally active surface such as a runway f... | What is the definition of a helipad? | {'text': 'an aerodrome with facilities for flights to take off and land', 'answer_start': 14} |
6,598 | 6,256 | 56d37fda59d6e41400146563 | generic | The top 10 contestants started with five males and five females, however, the males were eliminated consecutively in the first five weeks, with Lazaro Arbos the last male to be eliminated. For the first time in the show's history, the top 5 contestants were all female. It was also the first time that the judges' "save"... | How many girls were in the top 10 on season 12 of American Idol? | {'text': 'five', 'answer_start': 36} |
42,737 | 42,395 | 5ad24023d7d075001a42891a | generic | During the Nimrod Expedition led by Ernest Shackleton in 1907, parties led by Edgeworth David became the first to climb Mount Erebus and to reach the South Magnetic Pole. Douglas Mawson, who assumed the leadership of the Magnetic Pole party on their perilous return, went on to lead several expeditions until retiring in... | What expedition reached the North Magnetic Pole? | {'text': 'Nimrod Expedition', 'answer_start': 11} |
44,879 | 44,537 | 57102005a58dae1900cd68c6 | generic | Of all the questions on the scale, Sell considered those assessing sexual attraction to be the most important as sexual attraction is a better reflection of the concept of sexual orientation which he defined as "extent of sexual attractions toward members of the other, same, both sexes or neither" than either sexual id... | What questions did Sell consider the most important on the KInsey scale? | {'text': 'those assessing sexual attraction', 'answer_start': 51} |
60,169 | 59,827 | 57266c0d5951b619008f7241 | generic | Predators are often another organism's prey, and likewise prey are often predators. Though blue jays prey on insects, they may in turn be prey for cats and snakes, and snakes may be the prey of hawks. One way of classifying predators is by trophic level. Organisms that feed on autotrophs, the producers of the trophic p... | What is the the strata of predator prey interaction called? | {'text': 'trophic level', 'answer_start': 240} |
85,798 | 85,456 | 572828782ca10214002d9f79 | generic | Von Neumann was the first to establish a rigorous mathematical framework for quantum mechanics, known as the Dirac–von Neumann axioms, with his 1932 work Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics. After having completed the axiomatization of set theory, he began to confront the axiomatization of quantum mechanics. ... | What paper did von Neumann produce in 1932? | {'text': 'Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics', 'answer_start': 154} |
40,445 | 40,103 | 570cfee1fed7b91900d45ba7 | generic | After the Lisa's announcement, John Dvorak discussed rumors of a mysterious "MacIntosh" project at Apple in February 1983. The company announced the Macintosh 128K—manufactured at an Apple factory in Fremont, California—in October 1983, followed by an 18-page brochure included with various magazines in December. The Ma... | What did Regis McKenna call the "1984" ad that was aired during the Super Bowl? | {'text': '"more successful than the Mac itself."', 'answer_start': 586} |
19,175 | 18,833 | 56e6f6e0de9d371400068103 | generic | Contemporary Christian music (CCM) has several subgenres, one being "Christian AC". Radio & Records, for instance, lists Christian AC among its format charts. There has been crossover to mainstream and hot AC formats by many of the core artists of the Christian AC genre, notably Amy Grant, Michael W. Smith, Kathy Trocc... | Along with mainstream AC, what format has also featured Christian AC artists on a crossover basis? | {'text': 'hot AC', 'answer_start': 202} |
67,397 | 67,055 | 5726b731dd62a815002e8dcb | generic | When used with a load that has a torque curve that increases with speed, the motor will operate at the speed where the torque developed by the motor is equal to the load torque. Reducing the load will cause the motor to speed up, and increasing the load will cause the motor to slow down until the load and motor torque ... | How efficient is such a design? | {'text': 'very poor', 'answer_start': 491} |
59,914 | 59,572 | 5726638e708984140094c492 | generic | Environmental damage in Thuringia has been reduced to a large extent after 1990. The condition of forests, rivers and air was improved by modernizing factories, houses (decline of coal heating) and cars, and contaminated areas such as the former Uranium surface mines around Ronneburg have been remediated. Today's envir... | What are today's big environmental problems? | {'text': 'the salination of the Werra river', 'answer_start': 342} |
67,276 | 66,934 | 5726a8565951b619008f794a | generic | Application of electric motors revolutionized industry. Industrial processes were no longer limited by power transmission using line shafts, belts, compressed air or hydraulic pressure. Instead every machine could be equipped with its own electric motor, providing easy control at the point of use, and improving power t... | Where did electric motors improve convenience and safety? | {'text': 'in the home', 'answer_start': 530} |
37,963 | 37,621 | 5a8cafbafd22b3001a8d8d36 | generic | Biodiversity's relevance to human health is becoming an international political issue, as scientific evidence builds on the global health implications of biodiversity loss. This issue is closely linked with the issue of climate change, as many of the anticipated health risks of climate change are associated with change... | What changes in biodiversity have an effect on human health? | {'text': 'changes in populations and distribution of disease vectors, scarcity of fresh water, impacts on agricultural biodiversity and food resources', 'answer_start': 344} |
114,706 | 114,364 | 5a13afa1c8eab200188dc9fe | generic | After about 1840, Georgian conventions were slowly abandoned as a number of revival styles, including Gothic Revival, that had originated in the Georgian period, developed and contested in Victorian architecture, and in the case of Gothic became better researched, and closer to their originals. Neoclassical architectur... | What was the rivalry between Gothic Revival and Classical called? | {'text': 'Battle of the Styles', 'answer_start': 378} |
114,705 | 114,363 | 5a13afa1c8eab200188dc9fd | generic | After about 1840, Georgian conventions were slowly abandoned as a number of revival styles, including Gothic Revival, that had originated in the Georgian period, developed and contested in Victorian architecture, and in the case of Gothic became better researched, and closer to their originals. Neoclassical architectur... | What year to Georgian architecture become even more popular? | {'text': '1840', 'answer_start': 12} |
16,958 | 16,616 | 56e1039be3433e1400422aaa | generic | The law of the Eastern Catholic Churches in full union with Rome was in much the same state as that of the Latin or Western Church before 1917; much more diversity in legislation existed in the various Eastern Catholic Churches. Each had its own special law, in which custom still played an important part. In 1929 Pius ... | During what time period were the Codes for Eastern Churches made available, prior to the final version? | {'text': '1949 through 1958', 'answer_start': 528} |
78,474 | 78,132 | 5a3038f8f1f7c7001ab92ce4 | generic | Those who subscribe to this interpretation believe that since the Christian scriptures never counter instrumental language with any negative judgment on instruments, opposition to instruments instead comes from an interpretation of history. There is no written opposition to musical instruments in any setting in the fir... | What do Church Fathers believe today about using instruments? | {'text': "a better understanding of God's desire for the church", 'answer_start': 627} |
107,203 | 106,861 | 5a7b827f21c2de001afea0da | generic | The Pro Electron standard, the European Electronic Component Manufacturers Association part numbering scheme, begins with two letters: the first gives the semiconductor type (A for germanium, B for silicon, and C for materials like GaAs); the second letter denotes the intended use (A for diode, C for general-purpose tr... | What is the most common semiconductor type? | {'text': 'silicon', 'answer_start': 198} |
118,802 | 118,460 | 5a864798b4e223001a8e7527 | generic | Because of many technical restrictions in computing and also because of the unavailability of Cyrillic keyboards abroad, Russian is often transliterated using the Latin alphabet. For example, мороз ('frost') is transliterated moroz, and мышь ('mouse'), mysh or myš'. Once commonly used by the majority of those living ou... | What kind of restrictions are there on Russian speaking typists? | {'text': 'technical', 'answer_start': 16} |
121,106 | 120,764 | 5731926ca5e9cc1400cdc0e2 | generic | The Egyptian military has dozens of factories manufacturing weapons as well as consumer goods. The Armed Forces' inventory includes equipment from different countries around the world. Equipment from the former Soviet Union is being progressively replaced by more modern US, French, and British equipment, a significant ... | In 2014 what country did Egypt form partnership with? | {'text': 'China', 'answer_start': 699} |
79,456 | 79,114 | 5a7e45da70df9f001a87566f | generic | Cork was originally a monastic settlement, reputedly founded by Saint Finbarr in the 6th century. Cork achieved an urban character at some point between 915 and 922 when Norseman (Viking) settlers founded a trading port. It has been proposed that, like Dublin, Cork was an important trading centre in the global Scandina... | What kind of settlement was Dublin originally? | {'text': 'a monastic settlement', 'answer_start': 20} |
36,306 | 35,964 | 570b1c0c6b8089140040f715 | generic | Finally, in the 1990s, Internet Protocol-based videoconferencing became possible, and more efficient video compression technologies were developed, permitting desktop, or personal computer (PC)-based videoconferencing. In 1992 CU-SeeMe was developed at Cornell by Tim Dorcey et al. In 1995 the first public videoconferen... | In what device was videoconferencing finally able to be used in? | {'text': 'desktop', 'answer_start': 159} |
71,639 | 71,297 | 57270731dd62a815002e97fe | generic | Ripple current is the AC component of an applied source (often a switched-mode power supply) whose frequency may be constant or varying. Ripple current causes heat to be generated within the capacitor due to the dielectric losses caused by the changing field strength together with the current flow across the slightly r... | What is one type of capacitor that has a specified rating value for maximum ripple current? | {'text': 'aluminum electrolytic capacitors', 'answer_start': 563} |
75,970 | 75,628 | 57278126708984140094df5b | generic | Darwin's barnacle studies convinced him that variation arose constantly and not just in response to changed circumstances. In 1854, he completed the last part of his Beagle-related writing and began working full-time on evolution. His thinking changed from the view that species formed in isolated populations only, as o... | What creatures did Darwin study that made him believe variation arose constantly? | {'text': 'barnacle', 'answer_start': 9} |
19,505 | 19,163 | 5a7883bfb73996001af5a706 | generic | The operational framework is provided by the Byelaws, which are more frequently updated than the Charter. Any revisions to the Charter or Byelaws require the Privy Council's approval. | What is never necessary to make any changes to either document which governs the operations of the Royal Institute? | {'text': "the Privy Council's approval", 'answer_start': 154} |
60,724 | 60,382 | 572675045951b619008f7324 | generic | With support from the British abolitionist movement, Parliament enacted the Slave Trade Act in 1807, which abolished the slave trade in the empire. In 1808, Sierra Leone was designated an official British colony for freed slaves. The Slavery Abolition Act passed in 1833 abolished slavery in the British Empire on 1 Augu... | What abolished slavery throughout the British Empire? | {'text': 'The Slavery Abolition Act', 'answer_start': 230} |
22,079 | 21,737 | 56eaa5f15a205f1900d6d3c3 | generic | Electoral fraud is illegal interference with the process of an election. Acts of fraud affect vote counts to bring about an election result, whether by increasing the vote share of the favored candidate, depressing the vote share of the rival candidates, or both. Also called voter fraud, the mechanisms involved include... | Illegal voter registration, the miscounting of votes, and what at polls is considered voter fraud? | {'text': 'intimidation', 'answer_start': 349} |
94,068 | 93,726 | 5ad129fd645df0001a2d1029 | generic | Some of the second-generation renewables, such as wind power, have high potential and have already realised relatively low production costs. Global wind power installations increased by 35,800 MW in 2010, bringing total installed capacity up to 194,400 MW, a 22.5% increase on the 158,700 MW installed at the end of 2009... | In Spain, wind power doesn't account for what percentage of electricity generated? | {'text': '9%', 'answer_start': 790} |
119,333 | 118,991 | 5ad1934e645df0001a2d2020 | generic | Among the challenges being faced to improve the efficiency of LED-based white light sources is the development of more efficient phosphors. As of 2010, the most efficient yellow phosphor is still the YAG phosphor, with less than 10% Stoke shift loss. Losses attributable to internal optical losses due to re-absorption i... | What can improve the efficiency of non-LED-based white light? | {'text': 'more efficient phosphors', 'answer_start': 114} |
15,399 | 15,057 | 5acf933f77cf76001a6852f4 | generic | Panels are individual images containing a segment of action, often surrounded by a border. Prime moments in a narrative are broken down into panels via a process called encapsulation. The reader puts the pieces together via the process of closure by using background knowledge and an understanding of panel relations to ... | Who takes the panels apart using closure? | {'text': 'The reader', 'answer_start': 184} |
104,651 | 104,309 | 5730299db2c2fd14005689a6 | generic | By 1820, Charleston's population had grown to 23,000, maintaining its black (and mostly slave) majority. When a massive slave revolt planned by Denmark Vesey, a free black, was revealed in May 1822, whites reacted with intense fear, as they were well aware of the violent retribution of slaves against whites during the ... | When was Vesey's plan for a slave revolt revealed? | {'text': 'May 1822', 'answer_start': 189} |
56,367 | 56,025 | 57263eaf89a1e219009ac5b7 | generic | The Scheinergrade (Sch.) system was devised by the German astronomer Julius Scheiner (1858–1913) in 1894 originally as a method of comparing the speeds of plates used for astronomical photography. Scheiner's system rated the speed of a plate by the least exposure to produce a visible darkening upon development. Speed w... | What is the range of Scheiner speeds? | {'text': 'from 1° Sch. to 20° Sch', 'answer_start': 373} |
20,590 | 20,248 | 56e79c1c00c9c71400d773a2 | generic | Nanjing has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) and is under the influence of the East Asian monsoon. The four seasons are distinct, with damp conditions seen throughout the year, very hot and muggy summers, cold, damp winters, and in between, spring and autumn are of reasonable length. Along with Chongqing and Wu... | What monsoon affects Nanjing? | {'text': 'the East Asian monsoon', 'answer_start': 83} |
60,856 | 60,514 | 57268d53708984140094c9db | generic | In July 1956, Nasser unilaterally nationalised the Suez Canal. The response of Anthony Eden, who had succeeded Churchill as Prime Minister, was to collude with France to engineer an Israeli attack on Egypt that would give Britain and France an excuse to intervene militarily and retake the canal. Eden infuriated US Pres... | What country did Britain convince to attack Egypt? | {'text': 'Israeli', 'answer_start': 182} |
70,104 | 69,762 | 5726d7d4708984140094d32b | generic | Based on studies of these bronze inscriptions, it is clear that, from the Shang dynasty writing to that of the Western Zhou and early Eastern Zhou, the mainstream script evolved in a slow, unbroken fashion, until assuming the form that is now known as seal script in the late Eastern Zhou in the state of Qin, without an... | What has evolved over time? | {'text': 'scripts', 'answer_start': 363} |
125,521 | 125,179 | 5732add9cc179a14009dabf0 | generic | The majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, written by the six Democratic appointees, the minority report, written by 3 of the 4 Republican appointees, studies by Federal Reserve economists, and the work of several independent scholars generally contend that government affordable housing policy was ... | How many Democratic appointees wrote the majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission? | {'text': 'six', 'answer_start': 79} |
101,715 | 101,373 | 5a8dc8addf8bba001a0f9c13 | generic | The young Feynman was heavily influenced by his father, who encouraged him to ask questions to challenge orthodox thinking, and who was always ready to teach Feynman something new. From his mother he gained the sense of humor that he had throughout his life. As a child, he had a talent for engineering, maintained an ex... | What talent did Feynman develop only after his childhood? | {'text': 'engineering', 'answer_start': 291} |
24,155 | 23,813 | 56f964559e9bad19000a08bf | generic | The Marshall Islands was admitted to the United Nations based on the Security Council's recommendation on August 9, 1991, in Resolution 704 and the General Assembly's approval on September 17, 1991, in Resolution 46/3. In international politics within the United Nations, the Marshall Islands has often voted consistentl... | What nation does the Marshall Islands vote similarly to in the General Assembly? | {'text': 'the United States', 'answer_start': 327} |
111,206 | 110,864 | 5ad26fb8d7d075001a42943a | generic | The Greeks of classical antiquity idealized their Mycenaean ancestors and the Mycenaean period as a glorious era of heroes, closeness of the gods and material wealth. The Homeric Epics (i.e. Iliad and Odyssey) were especially and generally accepted as part of the Greek past and it was not until the 19th century that sc... | What were the names of some of the figures for the established religion that aren't based on ancestral ties ? | {'text': 'Zeus, Poseidon and Hades', 'answer_start': 477} |
48,751 | 48,409 | 5acf6cae77cf76001a684de5 | generic | The Umayyad Caliphate (Arabic: الخلافة الأموية, trans. Al-Khilāfat al-ʾumawiyya) was the second of the four major Islamic caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. This caliphate was centered on the Umayyad dynasty (Arabic: الأمويون, al-ʾUmawiyyūn, or بنو أمية, Banū ʾUmayya, "Sons of Umayya"), hailing from ... | Who was the first caliph? | {'text': 'Uthman ibn Affan', 'answer_start': 394} |
74,261 | 73,919 | 572b8670be1ee31400cb83fb | generic | In addition to the Jazz Festival (described above), New Haven serves as the home city of the annual International Festival of Arts and Ideas. New Haven's Saint Patrick's Day parade, which began in 1842, is New England's oldest St. Patty's Day parade and draws the largest crowds of any one-day spectator event in Connect... | What international event celebrating art is hosted in New Haven? | {'text': 'International Festival of Arts and Ideas', 'answer_start': 100} |
5,040 | 4,698 | 56cfbc7f234ae51400d9bf36 | generic | Geography effects solar energy potential because areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation. However, the use of photovoltaics that can follow the position of the sun can significantly increase the solar energy potential in areas that are farther from the equator. Time variation effec... | What effect does cloud coverage have on the amount of solar energy available? | {'text': 'clouds block incoming light from the sun and reduce the light available for solar cells', 'answer_start': 605} |
101,914 | 101,572 | 572e904bdfa6aa1500f8d148 | generic | While pursuing his PhD at Princeton, Feynman married his high school sweetheart, Arline Greenbaum (often misspelled "Arlene"), despite the knowledge that she was seriously ill with tuberculosis—an incurable disease at the time. She died in 1945. In 1946, Feynman wrote a letter to her, expressing his deep love and heart... | Which disease did Arline succumb to? | {'text': 'tuberculosis', 'answer_start': 181} |
76,389 | 76,047 | 57282af42ca10214002d9fcc | generic | Ethnic tensions had escalated between the Armenians and Azerbaijanis in spring and summer 1988. On January 9, 1990, after the Armenian parliament voted to include Nagorno-Karabakh within its budget, renewed fighting broke out, hostages were taken, and four Soviet soldiers were killed. On January 11, Popular Front radic... | How many people died in the Soviet response to the clashes? | {'text': 'more than 130', 'answer_start': 855} |
56,679 | 56,337 | 57267593dd62a815002e85ac | generic | The area receives about 820 millimetres (32.3 in) of annual rainfall, which is concentrated from June through September/October with little or no precipitation the remainder of the year. The area has two main seasons. The rainy season runs from June to October when winds bring in tropical moisture from the sea. The dry... | What mostly controls the rain in Mexico City? | {'text': 'tropical winds', 'answer_start': 625} |
54,216 | 53,874 | 5726d8cfdd62a815002e926e | generic | By 30 November, the PVA 13th Army Group managed to expel the U.S. Eighth Army from northwest Korea. Retreating from the north faster than they had counter-invaded, the Eighth Army crossed the 38th parallel border in mid December. UN morale hit rock bottom when commanding General Walton Walker of the U.S. Eighth Army wa... | Why did the X Corps leave Hungnam? | {'text': 'to reinforce the badly depleted U.S. Eighth Army', 'answer_start': 600} |
44,478 | 44,136 | 5ad378fa604f3c001a3fe3a1 | generic | The Queen addressed the United Nations for a second time in 2010, again in her capacity as Queen of all Commonwealth realms and Head of the Commonwealth. The UN Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon, introduced her as "an anchor for our age". During her visit to New York, which followed a tour of Canada, she officially opened... | How many times has the Queen toured Canada? | {'text': '11', 'answer_start': 380} |
12,257 | 11,915 | 56de708f4396321400ee28df | generic | Constantine the Great, who along with Licinius had decreed toleration of Christianity in the Roman Empire by what is commonly called the "Edict of Milan", and was the first Roman Emperor baptized, set precedents for later policy. By Roman law the Emperor was Pontifex Maximus, the high priest of the College of Pontiffs ... | Who was the first Roman Emporor that was baptized? | {'text': 'Constantine the Great', 'answer_start': 0} |
27,754 | 27,412 | 56fae2fc8f12f3190063023f | generic | Somali dialects are divided into three main groups: Northern, Benaadir and Maay. Northern Somali (or Northern-Central Somali) forms the basis for Standard Somali. Benaadir (also known as Coastal Somali) is spoken on the Benadir coast from Adale to south of Merca, including Mogadishu, as well as in the immediate hinterl... | What is another name for Benaadir? | {'text': 'Coastal Somali', 'answer_start': 187} |
10,029 | 9,687 | 56defa45c65bf219000b3e71 | generic | Eastern Catholic cardinals continue to wear the normal dress appropriate to their liturgical tradition, though some may line their cassocks with scarlet and wear scarlet fascias, or in some cases, wear Eastern-style cassocks entirely of scarlet. | Which Cardinals still wear traditional clothing? | {'text': 'Eastern Catholic cardinals', 'answer_start': 0} |
31,278 | 30,936 | 59fb1d95ee36d60018400d19 | generic | Their first ever defeat on home soil to a foreign team was an 0–2 loss to the Republic of Ireland, on 21 September 1949 at Goodison Park. A 6–3 loss in 1953 to Hungary, was their second defeat by a foreign team at Wembley. In the return match in Budapest, Hungary won 7–1. This still stands as England's worst ever defea... | On what date in 1953 did England's football team lose to Hungary? | {'text': '21 September', 'answer_start': 102} |
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