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65,010 | 64,668 | 5ad0ceb6645df0001a2d043c | generic | The pointed arch, one of the defining attributes of Gothic, was earlier incorporated into Islamic architecture following the Islamic conquests of Roman Syria and the Sassanid Empire in the Seventh Century. The pointed arch and its precursors had been employed in Late Roman and Sassanian architecture; within the Roman c... | What is the only defining characteristic of the Gothic architectural style? | {'text': 'The pointed arch', 'answer_start': 0} |
90,248 | 89,906 | 5ad236bfd7d075001a42881d | generic | Popper won many awards and honours in his field, including the Lippincott Award of the American Political Science Association, the Sonning Prize, the Otto Hahn Peace Medal of the United Nations Association of Germany in Berlin and fellowships in the Royal Society, British Academy, London School of Economics, King's Col... | When was Popper thrown out of the Royal Society? | {'text': '1976', 'answer_start': 823} |
77,079 | 76,737 | 57278182dd62a815002e9f08 | generic | Two common considerations have the Latin names lectio brevior (shorter reading) and lectio difficilior (more difficult reading). The first is the general observation that scribes tended to add words, for clarification or out of habit, more often than they removed them. The second, lectio difficilior potior (the harder ... | Is a lectio brevrio or lectio difficilior approach more akin to the original text? | {'text': 'Applying this principle leads to taking the more difficult (unharmonized) reading as being more likely to be the original.', 'answer_start': 432} |
31,847 | 31,505 | 570ab31c6d058f190018309c | generic | Four separate and distinct state universities are located in Houston. The University of Houston is a nationally recognized Tier One research university, and is the flagship institution of the University of Houston System. The third-largest university in Texas, the University of Houston has nearly 40,000 students on its... | What kind of college is Texas Southern University? | {'text': 'largest historically black', 'answer_start': 613} |
39,722 | 39,380 | 570dfc730b85d914000d7c62 | generic | Between 1836 and 1842 Victorian Aboriginal groups were largely dispossessed[by whom?] of their land. By January 1844, there were said to be 675 Aborigines resident in squalid camps in Melbourne. The British Colonial Office appointed five Aboriginal Protectors for the Aborigines of Victoria, in 1839, however their work ... | How many Aboriginal Protectors for the Aborigines of Victoria were appointed in 1839? | {'text': 'five', 'answer_start': 233} |
22,893 | 22,551 | 5ad504705b96ef001a10a9c2 | generic | Polabian Slavs (Wends) settled in parts of England (Danelaw), apparently as Danish allies. Polabian-Pomeranian Slavs are also known to have even settled on Norse age Iceland. Saqaliba refers to the Slavic mercenaries and slaves in the medieval Arab world in North Africa, Sicily and Al-Andalus. Saqaliba served as caliph... | Who served as the guards of the Saqaliba? | {'text': 'caliph', 'answer_start': 314} |
113,673 | 113,331 | 572ff7df947a6a140053cea2 | generic | The earliest archaeological artifacts in Iran, like those excavated at the Kashafrud and Ganj Par sites, attest to a human presence in Iran since the Lower Paleolithic era, c. 800,000–200,000 BC. Iran's Neanderthal artifacts from the Middle Paleolithic period, c. 200,000–40,000 BC, have been found mainly in the Zagros ... | How long ago were the earliest artifacts from that were evidence of humans in Iran? | {'text': 'the Lower Paleolithic era, c. 800,000–200,000 BC', 'answer_start': 146} |
83,093 | 82,751 | 57280e204b864d1900164336 | generic | Northwestern's football team has made 73 appearances in the top 10 of the AP poll since 1936 (including 5 at #1) and has won eight Big Ten conference championships since 1903. At one time, Northwestern had the longest losing streak in Division I-A, losing 34 consecutive games between 1979 and 1982. They did not appear ... | What was the first bowl game Northwestern appeared in after 1949? | {'text': '1996 Rose Bowl', 'answer_start': 356} |
127,097 | 126,755 | 5732c3521d5d2e14009ff8a4 | generic | In the United States, August Vollmer introduced other reforms, including education requirements for police officers. O.W. Wilson, a student of Vollmer, helped reduce corruption and introduce professionalism in Wichita, Kansas, and later in the Chicago Police Department. Strategies employed by O.W. Wilson included rotat... | Why did Wilson rotate officers between communities? | {'text': 'to reduce their vulnerability to corruption', 'answer_start': 361} |
95,085 | 94,743 | 5a2c2d54bfd06b001a5aea23 | generic | A new phase in neoclassical design was inaugurated by Robert and James Adam, who travelled in Italy and Dalmatia in the 1750s, observing the ruins of the classical world. On their return to Britain, they published a book entitled The Works in Architecture in installments between 1773 and 1779. This book of engraved des... | How did the old-style feel compared to the new style? | {'text': 'lighter and more elegant feel', 'answer_start': 529} |
120,765 | 120,423 | 5ad4e6675b96ef001a10a5b7 | generic | During the summer growing season, phosphate is at a high level. It has a vital role in the breakdown of the sugars manufactured by chlorophyll. But in the fall, phosphate, along with the other chemicals and nutrients, moves out of the leaf into the stem of the plant. When this happens, the sugar-breakdown process chang... | What moves from the leaf into the stem during the summer? | {'text': 'phosphate', 'answer_start': 34} |
56,826 | 56,484 | 572693ac5951b619008f7733 | generic | Mexico City is served by the Sistema de Transporte Colectivo, a 225.9 km (140 mi) metro system, which is the largest in Latin America. The first portions were opened in 1969 and it has expanded to 12 lines with 195 stations. The metro is one of the busiest in the world transporting approximately 4.5 million people ever... | How many stations are in the Mexico City metro system? | {'text': '195', 'answer_start': 211} |
101,840 | 101,498 | 572e88aadfa6aa1500f8d0d7 | generic | From his diagrams of a small number of particles interacting in spacetime, Feynman could then model all of physics in terms of the spins of those particles and the range of coupling of the fundamental forces. Feynman attempted an explanation of the strong interactions governing nucleons scattering called the parton mod... | After the fifth quark was discovered, Feynman said what had to also exist? | {'text': 'sixth quark', 'answer_start': 1817} |
35,211 | 34,869 | 5a679272f038b7001ab0c2da | generic | The four main dialectal forms of Old English were Mercian, Northumbrian, Kentish, and West Saxon. Mercian and Northumbrian are together referred to as Anglian. In terms of geography the Northumbrian region lay north of the Humber River; the Mercian lay north of the Thames and South of the Humber River; West Saxon lay s... | What region was south of the Thames and north of the Humber River? | {'text': 'Northumbrian', 'answer_start': 186} |
45,257 | 44,915 | 570fe26380d9841400ab36f6 | generic | Dell's reputation for poor customer service, since 2002, which was exacerbated as it moved call centres offshore and as its growth outstripped its technical support infrastructure, came under increasing scrutiny on the Web. The original Dell model was known for high customer satisfaction when PCs sold for thousands but... | Where did Dell move its call centers? | {'text': 'offshore', 'answer_start': 104} |
86,926 | 86,584 | 5a81e2e631013a001a334f6d | generic | Symmetry groups are groups consisting of symmetries of given mathematical objects—be they of geometric nature, such as the introductory symmetry group of the square, or of algebraic nature, such as polynomial equations and their solutions. Conceptually, group theory can be thought of as the study of symmetry.t[›] Symme... | What is the study of geometrical or analytical objects called? | {'text': 'group theory', 'answer_start': 254} |
16,028 | 15,686 | 56e08a18231d4119001ac290 | generic | While H2 is not very reactive under standard conditions, it does form compounds with most elements. Hydrogen can form compounds with elements that are more electronegative, such as halogens (e.g., F, Cl, Br, I), or oxygen; in these compounds hydrogen takes on a partial positive charge. When bonded to fluorine, oxygen, ... | What ind of charge does hydrogen take when mixed with electronegative particles? | {'text': 'positive charge', 'answer_start': 270} |
20,283 | 19,941 | 56e7915837bdd419002c4161 | generic | Notable alumni include: Alan Mulally (BS/MS), former President and CEO of Ford Motor Company, Lou Montulli, co-founder of Netscape and author of the Lynx web browser, Brian McClendon (BSEE 1986), VP of Engineering at Google, Charles E. Spahr (1934), former CEO of Standard Oil of Ohio. | For what company did Charles Spahr serve as CEO? | {'text': 'Standard Oil of Ohio', 'answer_start': 264} |
66,070 | 65,728 | 5a81b0f531013a001a334d7b | generic | On 8 June 1856, the next settlement began on Norfolk Island. These were the descendants of Tahitians and the HMS Bounty mutineers, including those of Fletcher Christian. They resettled from the Pitcairn Islands, which had become too small for their growing population. On 3 May 1856, 193 persons left Pitcairn Islands ab... | What trades did the Pitcairners punish while on Norfolk Island? | {'text': 'farming and whaling industries', 'answer_start': 533} |
48,054 | 47,712 | 571a898c4faf5e1900b8aa3d | generic | In an essay on Sephardi Jewry, Daniel Elazar at the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs summarized the demographic history of Ashkenazi Jews in the last thousand years, noting that at the end of the 11th century, 97% of world Jewry was Sephardic and 3% Ashkenazi; by the end of XVI century, the: 'Treaty on the redemptio... | According to Daniel Elazar at the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, at the end of the 11th century, what percentage of the world's Jewry was Ashkenazi? | {'text': '3%', 'answer_start': 250} |
127,120 | 126,778 | 5732c58e1d5d2e14009ff8ab | generic | All police officers in the United Kingdom, whatever their actual rank, are 'constables' in terms of their legal position. This means that a newly appointed constable has the same arrest powers as a Chief Constable or Commissioner. However, certain higher ranks have additional powers to authorize certain aspects of poli... | What is the legal status of UK police officers? | {'text': 'constables', 'answer_start': 76} |
101,879 | 101,537 | 5a8ddc2bdf8bba001a0f9cb7 | generic | In the late 1980s, according to "Richard Feynman and the Connection Machine", Feynman played a crucial role in developing the first massively parallel computer, and in finding innovative uses for it in numerical computations, in building neural networks, as well as physical simulations using cellular automata (such as ... | What did Feynman help find in the 1970s? | {'text': 'massively parallel computer', 'answer_start': 132} |
107,377 | 107,035 | 572f0de5c246551400ce4877 | generic | The Scientific Revolution was a period when European ideas in classical physics, astronomy, biology, human anatomy, chemistry, and other classical sciences were rejected and led to doctrines supplanting those that had prevailed from Ancient Greece to the Middle Ages which would lead to a transition to modern science. T... | What did the Scientific Revolution cause? | {'text': 'a transition to modern science', 'answer_start': 287} |
91,431 | 91,089 | 572909393f37b31900477fc6 | generic | In 1978, Sewall Wright suggested that human populations that have long inhabited separated parts of the world should, in general, be considered different subspecies by the usual criterion that most individuals of such populations can be allocated correctly by inspection. Wright argued that it does not require a trained... | How should populations long inhabiting separate parts of the world be considered? | {'text': 'different subspecies', 'answer_start': 144} |
55,489 | 55,147 | 5a3a013c2f14dd001ac726a9 | generic | Breathing is largely driven by the muscular diaphragm, which divides the thorax from the abdominal cavity, forming a dome with its convexity towards the thorax. Contraction of the diaphragm flattens the dome, increasing the volume of the cavity in which the lung is enclosed. Air enters through the oral and nasal caviti... | What is the ribcage able to passively recoil? | {'text': 'the thoracic cavity', 'answer_start': 700} |
124,958 | 124,616 | 573254ece99e3014001e66c4 | generic | Within months of beginning his tenure as the president of the university, Eisenhower was requested to advise U.S. Secretary of Defense James Forrestal on the unification of the armed services. About six months after his appointment, he became the informal Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in Washington. Two months ... | What position was held by James Forrestal? | {'text': 'Secretary of Defense', 'answer_start': 114} |
110,125 | 109,783 | 57301702b2c2fd1400568847 | generic | On Sentinel Peak (also known as "'A' Mountain"), just west of downtown, there is a giant "A" in honor of the University of Arizona. Starting in about 1916, a yearly tradition developed for freshmen to whitewash the "A", which was visible for miles. However, at the beginning of the Iraq War, anti-war activists painted i... | What year did the tradition of freshmen whitewashing the "A" begin? | {'text': '1916', 'answer_start': 150} |
117,009 | 116,667 | 5ad0043f77cf76001a686760 | generic | The rapid expansion of the Rus' to the south led to conflict and volatile relationships with the Khazars and other neighbors on the Pontic steppe. The Khazars dominated the Black Sea steppe during the 8th century, trading and frequently allying with the Byzantine Empire against Persians and Arabs. In the late 8th centu... | What led to intermittent problems for the Khazars? | {'text': "rapid expansion of the Rus' to the south", 'answer_start': 4} |
87,733 | 87,391 | 57281684ff5b5019007d9cdb | generic | The Duke and Duchess of York had two children: Elizabeth (called "Lilibet" by the family), and Margaret. The Duke and Duchess and their two daughters lived a relatively sheltered life at their London residence, 145 Piccadilly. They were a close and loving family. One of the few stirs arose when the Canadian Prime Minis... | Who were the Duke and Duchess of York's children? | {'text': 'Elizabeth (called "Lilibet" by the family), and Margaret', 'answer_start': 47} |
109,509 | 109,167 | 5acd0bd607355d001abf3237 | generic | Breakthrough pain is transitory acute pain that comes on suddenly and is not alleviated by the patient's normal pain management. It is common in cancer patients who often have background pain that is generally well-controlled by medications, but who also sometimes experience bouts of severe pain that from time to time ... | What does management of acute transitory pain entail? | {'text': 'intensive use of opioids, including fentanyl.', 'answer_start': 499} |
29,972 | 29,630 | 5706de729e06ca38007e91ce | generic | Boardwalk Hall, formally known as the "Historic Atlantic City Convention Hall", is an arena in Atlantic City along the boardwalk. Boardwalk Hall was Atlantic City's primary convention center until the opening of the Atlantic City Convention Center in 1997. The Atlantic City Convention Center includes 500,000 sq ft (46,... | What is the Boardwalk Hall? | {'text': 'an arena', 'answer_start': 83} |
123,670 | 123,328 | 5a7b496721c2de001afe9e66 | generic | As a consequence, there was a crisis in international confidence in Greece's ability to repay its sovereign debt, as reflected by the rise of the country's borrowing rates (although their slow rise – the 10-year government bond yield only exceeded 7% in April 2010 – coinciding with a large number of negative articles, ... | What did the international banks have no doubts about Greece's ability to repay? | {'text': 'sovereign debt', 'answer_start': 98} |
52,431 | 52,089 | 57268f9cf1498d1400e8e3d6 | generic | Like in English, Dutch has generalised the dative over the accusative case for all pronouns, e.g. Du me, je, Eng me, you, vs. Germ mich/mir dich/dir. There is one exception: the standard language prescribes that in the third person plural, hen is to be used for the direct object, and hun for the indirect object. This d... | When speakers get confused about whether to use hen or hun, what interchangeable unstressed form would they probably use? | {'text': 'ze', 'answer_start': 628} |
1,121 | 779 | 56ce0d8662d2951400fa69ea | generic | At the age of 21 he settled in Paris. Thereafter, during the last 18 years of his life, he gave only some 30 public performances, preferring the more intimate atmosphere of the salon. He supported himself by selling his compositions and teaching piano, for which he was in high demand. Chopin formed a friendship with Fr... | What other composer did Chopin develop a friendship with? | {'text': 'Franz Liszt', 'answer_start': 318} |
119,732 | 119,390 | 5731123fe6313a140071cbec | generic | The consensus view in contemporary paleontology is that the flying theropods, or avialans, are the closest relatives of the deinonychosaurs, which include dromaeosaurids and troodontids. Together, these form a group called Paraves. Some basal members of this group, such as Microraptor, have features which may have enab... | Dromaeosaurids and troodontids are members of what group? | {'text': 'deinonychosaurs', 'answer_start': 124} |
78,124 | 77,782 | 5a5e63da5bc9f4001a75afbb | generic | Pāśupatas divided the created world into the insentient and the sentient. The insentient was the unconscious and thus dependent on the sentient or conscious. The insentient was further divided into effects and causes. The effects were of ten kinds, the earth, four elements and their qualities, colour etc. The causes we... | What were the effects responsible for? | {'text': 'the illusive identification of Self with non-Self', 'answer_start': 534} |
20,591 | 20,249 | 56e79c1c00c9c71400d773a3 | generic | Nanjing has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) and is under the influence of the East Asian monsoon. The four seasons are distinct, with damp conditions seen throughout the year, very hot and muggy summers, cold, damp winters, and in between, spring and autumn are of reasonable length. Along with Chongqing and Wu... | Nanjing is one of three "Furnacelike" cities. What are the other two cities? | {'text': 'Chongqing and Wuhan', 'answer_start': 304} |
25,647 | 25,305 | 56f9347d9e9bad19000a0805 | generic | 15th Street starts at FDR Drive, and 16th Street starts at a dead end half way between FDR Drive and Avenue C. They are both stopped at Avenue C and continue from First Avenue to West Street, stopped again at Union Square, and 16th Street also pauses at Stuyvesant Square. | 16th Street pauses at which Square? | {'text': 'Stuyvesant', 'answer_start': 254} |
6,914 | 6,572 | 56d4bdcd2ccc5a1400d831ac | generic | In breeding circles, a male canine is referred to as a dog, while a female is called a bitch (Middle English bicche, from Old English bicce, ultimately from Old Norse bikkja). A group of offspring is a litter. The father of a litter is called the sire, and the mother is called the dam. Offspring are, in general, called... | What is the French word that "puppy" comes from? | {'text': 'poupée', 'answer_start': 350} |
55,562 | 55,220 | 5a8452777cf838001a46a726 | generic | Soon after the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, London merchants presented a petition to Queen Elizabeth I for permission to sail to the Indian Ocean. The permission was granted, and despite the defeat of the English Armada in 1589, on 10 April 1591 three ships sailed from Torbay around the Cape of Good Hope to th... | What was the first year the London merchants were granted permission to sail the Arctic Ocean? | {'text': '1589', 'answer_start': 232} |
16,369 | 16,027 | 56e0ca827aa994140058e6f3 | generic | In 1993, browser software was further innovated by Marc Andreessen with the release of Mosaic, "the world's first popular browser", which made the World Wide Web system easy to use and more accessible to the average person. Andreesen's browser sparked the internet boom of the 1990s. The introduction of Mosaic in 1993 –... | Who released Mosaic? | {'text': 'Marc Andreessen', 'answer_start': 51} |
7,276 | 6,934 | 56d9b546dc89441400fdb715 | generic | Although it is said that the "dog is man's best friend" regarding 17–24% of dogs in the developed countries, in the developing world they are feral, village or community dogs, with pet dogs uncommon. These live their lives as scavengers and have never been owned by humans, with one study showing their most common respo... | Dog cognition has been studied on what kind of dogs? | {'text': 'pet dogs living in human homes.', 'answer_start': 610} |
40,686 | 40,344 | 5ad5493b5b96ef001a10ac3f | generic | Microsoft Windows 3.0 was released in May 1990, and according to a common saying at the time "Windows was not as good as Macintosh, but it was good enough for the average user". Though still a graphical wrapper that relied upon MS-DOS, 3.0 was the first iteration of Windows which had a feature set and performance compa... | Who was Microsoft Windows 4.0 commonly said to be good enough for? | {'text': 'the average user', 'answer_start': 159} |
121,309 | 120,967 | 57315da9497a881900248e87 | generic | The 9th- and 10th-century mosaics of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople are truly classical Byzantine artworks. The north and south tympana beneath the dome was decorated with figures of prophets, saints and patriarchs. Above the principal door from the narthex we can see an Emperor kneeling before Christ (late 9th or ... | When were the Byzantine mosaics of the Hagia Sophia created? | {'text': 'The 9th- and 10th-century', 'answer_start': 0} |
127,176 | 126,834 | 5a68b8038476ee001a58a7aa | generic | The study of genocide has mainly been focused towards the legal aspect of the term. By formally recognizing the act of genocide as a crime, involves the undergoing prosecution that begins with not only seeing genocide as outrageous past any moral standpoint but also may be a legal liability within international relatio... | Who was the Peace of Westphalia designed to eliminate? | {'text': 'ethnic, national, racial and in some instances religious groups', 'answer_start': 708} |
110,915 | 110,573 | 572fb4cfb2c2fd1400568384 | generic | Other platings used are OSP (organic surface protectant), immersion silver (IAg), immersion tin, electroless nickel with immersion gold coating (ENIG), electroless nickel electroless palladium immersion gold (ENEPIG) and direct gold plating (over nickel). Edge connectors, placed along one edge of some boards, are often... | Ag3Cu is one intermetallic that tin forms; what's the other one? | {'text': 'Cu5Sn6', 'answer_start': 469} |
29,352 | 29,010 | 570680d952bb891400689a14 | generic | The head of state of Delhi is the Lieutenant Governor of the Union Territory of Delhi, appointed by the President of India on the advice of the Central government and the post is largely ceremonial, as the Chief Minister of the Union Territory of Delhi is the head of government and is vested with most of the executive ... | Which takes precedent when a law passed by Parliament conflicts with a law passed by Delhi's Legislative assembly? | {'text': 'the law enacted by the parliament', 'answer_start': 478} |
89,658 | 89,316 | 5728c8262ca10214002da7b8 | generic | In 2007, however, a large current account deficit and rising inflation put pressure on Estonia's currency, which was pegged to the Euro, highlighting the need for growth in export-generating industries. Estonia exports mainly machinery and equipment, wood and paper, textiles, food products, furniture, and metals and ch... | How much electricity is imported by Estonia annually? | {'text': '200 million kilowatt hours', 'answer_start': 559} |
2,233 | 1,891 | 56cc88386d243a140015effe | generic | iPods with color displays use anti-aliased graphics and text, with sliding animations. All iPods (except the 3rd-generation iPod Shuffle, the 6th & 7th generation iPod Nano, and iPod Touch) have five buttons and the later generations have the buttons integrated into the click wheel – an innovation that gives an unclutt... | Where are the controls located on the 3rd gen iPod Shuffle? | {'text': 'earphone cable', 'answer_start': 708} |
113,912 | 113,570 | 57303b5e04bcaa1900d773e7 | generic | Iran has leading manufacturing industries in the fields of car-manufacture and transportation, construction materials, home appliances, food and agricultural goods, armaments, pharmaceuticals, information technology, power and petrochemicals in the Middle East. According to FAO, Iran has been a top five producer of the... | What melon is Iran a Top 5 producer in the world in 2012? | {'text': 'watermelons', 'answer_start': 492} |
118,652 | 118,310 | 5a8628b7b4e223001a8e748a | generic | Ethnic Russians constitute 25.5% of the country's current population and 58.6% of the native Estonian population is also able to speak Russian. In all, 67.8% of Estonia's population can speak Russian. Command of Russian language, however, is rapidly decreasing among younger Estonians (primarily being replaced by the co... | How much of the native Estonian population speaks English? | {'text': '58.6%', 'answer_start': 73} |
81,337 | 80,995 | 572827514b864d19001645e1 | generic | In the dense areas, most of the concentration is via medium- and high-rise buildings. London's skyscrapers such as 30 St Mary Axe, Tower 42, the Broadgate Tower and One Canada Square are mostly in the two financial districts, the City of London and Canary Wharf. High-rise development is restricted at certain sites if i... | High-rise buildings may be restricted to prevent obstruction of what views? | {'text': "St Paul's Cathedral and other historic buildings", 'answer_start': 356} |
87,203 | 86,861 | 57281f4a2ca10214002d9e5a | generic | A new government was appointed on 31 March 2013, which consisted of members of Séléka and representatives of the opposition to Bozizé, one pro-Bozizé individual, and a number representatives of civil society. On 1 April, the former opposition parties declared that they would boycott the government. After African leader... | How long did the parliament have until the next election? | {'text': '18 months', 'answer_start': 641} |
55,676 | 55,334 | 5a8461627cf838001a46a7be | generic | At this time, Britain and France became bitter rivals. Frequent skirmishes between them took place for control of colonial possessions. In 1742, fearing the monetary consequences of a war, the British government agreed to extend the deadline for the licensed exclusive trade by the company in India until 1783, in return... | What was irrelevant that brought the British government to extend the deadline for the trade license for the company? | {'text': 'monetary consequences of a war', 'answer_start': 157} |
93,854 | 93,512 | 57296f9aaf94a219006aa40e | generic | where the uncertainty is given as the standard deviation of the measured value from its expected value. There are a number of other such pairs of physically measurable values which obey a similar rule. One example is time vs. energy. The either-or nature of uncertainty forces measurement attempts to choose between trad... | What type of analysis fits the either-or nature of the uncertainty? | {'text': 'Fourier analysis', 'answer_start': 415} |
69,627 | 69,285 | 5a7e6efe48f7d9001a0636e9 | generic | A literary technique or literary device can be used by authors in order to enhance the written framework of a piece of literature, and produce specific effects. Literary techniques encompass a wide range of approaches to crafting a work: whether a work is narrated in first-person or from another perspective, whether to... | What is a familiar structure is an example of? | {'text': 'literary technique', 'answer_start': 435} |
21,371 | 21,029 | 56e8379037bdd419002c44aa | generic | Unlike most languages that use alphabets to indicate the pronunciation, Chinese characters have developed from logograms that do not always give hints to its pronunciation. Although the written characters remained relatively consistent for the last two thousand years, the pronunciation and grammar in different regions ... | Hakka is a language from what geographic part of China? | {'text': 'the south', 'answer_start': 452} |
18,529 | 18,187 | 5acd412607355d001abf3a8c | generic | Typologically, Estonian represents a transitional form from an agglutinating language to a fusional language. The canonical word order is SVO (subject–verb–object). | What sort of form is Estonian moving away from into? | {'text': 'fusional language', 'answer_start': 91} |
99,690 | 99,348 | 5a57e4b5770dc0001aeefe8e | generic | Charles Peirce (1839–1914) was highly influential in laying the groundwork for today's empirical scientific method.[citation needed] Although Peirce severely criticized many elements of Descartes' peculiar brand of rationalism, he did not reject rationalism outright. Indeed, he concurred with the main ideas of rational... | Which philosopher did Pierce agree with the most? | {'text': 'Descartes', 'answer_start': 186} |
76,735 | 76,393 | 5727a584ff5b5019007d91e2 | generic | In Johannine "agent Christology" the submission of Jesus to crucifixion is a sacrifice made as an agent of God or servant of God, for the sake of eventual victory. This builds on the salvific theme of the Gospel of John which begins in John 1:29 with John the Baptist's proclamation: "The Lamb of God who takes away the ... | What book details the submission of Jesus to being crucified? | {'text': 'agent Christology', 'answer_start': 14} |
89,740 | 89,398 | 5728da2b2ca10214002da98d | generic | Basketball is also a notable sport in Estonia. Estonia national basketball team previously participated in 1936 Summer Olympics, appeared in EuroBasket four times. Estonia national team also qualified to EuroBasket 2015, which will be held in Ukraine. BC Kalev/Cramo, which participates in EuroCup, is the most recent Ko... | How many instances has Estonia appeared in the EuroBasket tournament? | {'text': 'four', 'answer_start': 152} |
95,626 | 95,284 | 5ace1baf32bba1001ae49ae5 | generic | In addition to the true folded mountains, known as the ridge and valley province, the area of dissected plateau to the north and west of the mountains is usually grouped with the Appalachians. This includes the Catskill Mountains of southeastern New York, the Poconos in Pennsylvania, and the Allegheny Plateau of southw... | Where are the true folded mountains located? | {'text': 'to the north and west of the mountains', 'answer_start': 112} |
67,489 | 67,147 | 5726ca94708984140094d179 | generic | Stepper motors are a type of motor frequently used when precise rotations are required. In a stepper motor an internal rotor containing PMs or a magnetically soft rotor with salient poles is controlled by a set of external magnets that are switched electronically. A stepper motor may also be thought of as a cross betwe... | When are stepper motors most useful? | {'text': 'when precise rotations are required', 'answer_start': 51} |
57,712 | 57,370 | 57295f556aef051400154da7 | generic | Pan-Germanism's origins began in the early 19th century following the Napoleonic Wars. The wars launched a new movement that was born in France itself during the French Revolution. Nationalism during the 19th century threatened the old aristocratic regimes. Many ethnic groups of Central and Eastern Europe had been divi... | What movement came out of the French Revolution? | {'text': 'Nationalism', 'answer_start': 181} |
60,687 | 60,345 | 57266bc1708984140094c572 | generic | The British and French struggles in India became but one theatre of the global Seven Years' War (1756–1763) involving France, Britain and the other major European powers. The signing of the Treaty of Paris (1763) had important consequences for the future of the British Empire. In North America, France's future as a col... | When was the Treaty of Paris? | {'text': '1763', 'answer_start': 207} |
3,275 | 2,933 | 56d4fe332ccc5a1400d833eb | generic | The earthquake had a magnitude of 8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw. The epicenter was in Wenchuan County, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, 80 km west/northwest of the provincial capital of Chengdu, with its main tremor occurring at 14:28:01.42 China Standard Time (06:28:01.42 UTC), on May 12, 2008 lasting for around 2 m... | How long did the main tremor last? | {'text': '2 minutes', 'answer_start': 317} |
13,082 | 12,740 | 5ace42e332bba1001ae4a103 | generic | In February 2016, over a hundred thousand people signed a petition in just twenty-four hours, calling for a boycott of Sony Music and all other Sony-affiliated businesses after rape allegations against music producer Dr. Luke were made by musical artist Kesha. Kesha asked a New York City Supreme Court to free her from ... | Over a million people signed a petition in how many hours? | {'text': 'twenty-four', 'answer_start': 75} |
69,221 | 68,879 | 5a45a3e619a820001a1edad8 | generic | It has been mentioned that most nonprofits will never be able to match the pay of the private sector and therefore should focus their attention on benefits packages, incentives and implementing pleasurable work environments. Pleasurable work conditions are ranked as being more preferable than a high salary and implacab... | What will the private sector never be able to match compared to NPO's | {'text': 'the pay', 'answer_start': 71} |
122,951 | 122,609 | 5ad14c5d645df0001a2d164f | generic | Robert N. Bellah has in his writings that although the separation of church and state is grounded firmly in the constitution of the United States, this does not mean that there is no religious dimension in the political society of the United States. He used the term "Civil Religion" to describe the specific relation be... | What word does Bellah ask how a President is justified to not use? | {'text': 'God', 'answer_start': 534} |
93,081 | 92,739 | 572938f31d04691400779187 | generic | Operational Acceptance is used to conduct operational readiness (pre-release) of a product, service or system as part of a quality management system. OAT is a common type of non-functional software testing, used mainly in software development and software maintenance projects. This type of testing focuses on the operat... | What is the term used to test software during a pre-release? | {'text': 'Operational Acceptance', 'answer_start': 0} |
64,363 | 64,021 | 5ad0205a77cf76001a686af2 | generic | The 1469 marriage of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon and the 1479 death of John II of Aragon led to the creation of modern-day Spain. In 1492, Granada was captured from the Moors, thereby completing the Reconquista. Portugal had during the 15th century – particularly under Henry the Navigator – gradual... | The release of which city finalized the Reconquista? | {'text': 'Granada', 'answer_start': 160} |
3,414 | 3,072 | 56ceb9c4aab44d1400b8892e | generic | One rescue team reported only 2,300 survivors from the town of Yingxiu in Wenchuan County, out of a total population of about 9,000. 3,000 to 5,000 people were killed in Beichuan County, Sichuan alone; in the same location, 10,000 people were injured and 80% of the buildings were destroyed. The old county seat of Beich... | How many people were killed in Beichuan County? | {'text': '3,000 to 5,000', 'answer_start': 133} |
95,610 | 95,268 | 5ace15f932bba1001ae49a75 | generic | The term Appalachian refers to several different regions associated with the mountain range. Most broadly, it refers to the entire mountain range with its surrounding hills and the dissected plateau region. The term is often used more restrictively to refer to regions in the central and southern Appalachian Mountains, ... | What does the dissected plateau region refer to? | {'text': 'several different regions associated with the mountain range', 'answer_start': 31} |
88,361 | 88,019 | 5ace874132bba1001ae4a97f | generic | Feeding structures in the mouth region vary widely, and have little correlation with the animals' diets. Many polychaetes have a muscular pharynx that can be everted (turned inside out to extend it). In these animals the foremost few segments often lack septa so that, when the muscles in these segments contract, the sh... | What part of a polychaete can be inverted? | {'text': 'pharynx', 'answer_start': 138} |
76,761 | 76,419 | 5a8cb61ffd22b3001a8d8d8f | generic | John Calvin supported the "agent of God" Christology and argued that in his trial in Pilate's Court Jesus could have successfully argued for his innocence, but instead submitted to crucifixion in obedience to the Father. This Christological theme continued into the 20th century, both in the Eastern and Western Churches... | What did Karl Rahner believe Jesus could have successfully argued for? | {'text': 'his innocence', 'answer_start': 141} |
3,393 | 3,051 | 56cde29b62d2951400fa6969 | generic | The Zipingpu Hydropower Plant (simplified Chinese: 紫坪铺水库; traditional Chinese: 紫坪鋪水庫) located 20 km east of the epicenter was damaged. A recent inspection indicated that the damage was less severe than initially feared, and it remains structurally stable and safe. The Tulong reservoir upstream is in danger of collapse.... | How far away was the plant located from the epicenter? | {'text': '20 km east', 'answer_start': 94} |
93,703 | 93,361 | 57291f276aef051400154a6b | generic | Classical statistical mechanics requires the existence of h (but does not define its value). Eventually, following upon Planck's discovery, it was recognized that physical action cannot take on an arbitrary value. Instead, it must be some multiple of a very small quantity, the "quantum of action", now called the Planck... | Regarding atoms, what does the Planck constant imply? | {'text': 'that only certain energy levels are allowed', 'answer_start': 472} |
19,200 | 18,858 | 56e708d0de9d37140006811f | generic | DST clock shifts sometimes complicate timekeeping and can disrupt travel, billing, record keeping, medical devices, heavy equipment, and sleep patterns. Computer software can often adjust clocks automatically, but policy changes by various jurisdictions of the dates and timings of DST may be confusing. | What important part of daily life might be disturbed because of DST changing what time you go to bed? | {'text': 'sleep patterns', 'answer_start': 137} |
58,874 | 58,532 | 5a15b6a5a54d4200185294bf | generic | The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) recognizes that conflicts may exist between the respect for and implementation of current intellectual property systems and other human rights. In 2001 the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights issued a document called "Human rights and intellectual pro... | What did the WIPO say IP failures infringed on? | {'text': 'the human right to food and health', 'answer_start': 655} |
120,954 | 120,612 | 57316494e6313a140071ced0 | generic | After the Communist Party of China took power in 1949, the flag of China became a red flag with a large star symbolizing the Communist Party, and smaller stars symbolizing workers, peasants, the urban middle class and rural middle class. The flag of the Communist Party of China became a red banner with a hammer and sic... | What did the biggest star on the flag of China in 1949 represent? | {'text': 'the Communist Party', 'answer_start': 121} |
124,014 | 123,672 | 5a84a9327cf838001a46aa26 | generic | Provide Campaign Assistance. Minority leaders are typically energetic and aggressive campaigners for partisan incumbents and challengers. There is hardly any major aspect of campaigning that does not engage their attention. For example, they assist in recruiting qualified candidates; they establish "leadership PACs" to... | What kind of campaigner is the DCCC? | {'text': 'energetic and aggressive', 'answer_start': 60} |
8,569 | 8,227 | 56dd260266d3e219004dac12 | generic | In the mid 17th century, after the English Civil War (1642–1651), Parliament strengthened its position relative to the monarch then gained more power through the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and passage of the Bill of Rights in 1689. The monarch could no longer establish any law or impose any tax without its permission ... | What 1688 event helped the parliament solidy its power against the monarch? | {'text': 'Glorious Revolution', 'answer_start': 162} |
13,809 | 13,467 | 5a29976503c0e7001a3e17fc | generic | UNFPA has been falsely accused by anti-family planning groups of providing support for government programs which have promoted forced-abortions and coercive sterilizations. Controversies regarding these claims have resulted in a sometimes shaky relationship between the organization and three presidential administration... | Who was UNFPA accurately accused by? | {'text': 'anti-family planning groups', 'answer_start': 34} |
125,121 | 124,779 | 57327e2db3a91d1900202db7 | generic | In 1957, the state of Arkansas refused to honor a federal court order to integrate their public school system stemming from the Brown decision. Eisenhower demanded that Arkansas governor Orval Faubus obey the court order. When Faubus balked, the president placed the Arkansas National Guard under federal control and sen... | How many black students were escorted by the 101st Airborne to Little Rock Central High School? | {'text': 'nine', 'answer_start': 382} |
115,521 | 115,179 | 5a65bfbec2b11c001a425d33 | generic | Exposure to antibiotics early in life is associated with increased body mass in humans and mouse models. Early life is a critical period for the establishment of the intestinal microbiota and for metabolic development. Mice exposed to subtherapeutic antibiotic treatment (STAT)– with either penicillin, vancomycin, penic... | When do models develop? | {'text': 'Early life', 'answer_start': 105} |
100,396 | 100,054 | 572b91db34ae481900deae9b | generic | Informal learning usually takes place outside educational establishments, does not follow a specified curriculum and may originate accidentally, sporadically, in association with certain occasions, from changing practical requirements. It is not necessarily planned to be pedagogically conscious, systematic and accordin... | What falls under the informal learning umbrella? | {'text': 'unconsciously incidental, holistically problem-related, and related to situation management', 'answer_start': 346} |
112,409 | 112,067 | 57302da5b2c2fd1400568a0a | generic | The heavy infantry of the maniples were supported by a number of light infantry and cavalry troops, typically 300 horsemen per manipular legion. The cavalry was drawn primarily from the richest class of equestrians. There was an additional class of troops who followed the army without specific martial roles and were de... | Where could you expect the extensive amount of cavalry troops to be sourced from? | {'text': 'richest class of equestrians', 'answer_start': 186} |
30,147 | 29,805 | 5706282e52bb89140068990e | generic | An additional extension to MPEG-2 is named MPEG-2.5 audio, as MPEG-3 already had a different meaning. This extension was developed at Fraunhofer IIS, the registered MP3 patent holders. Like MPEG-2, MPEG-2.5 adds new sampling rates exactly half of that previously possible with MPEG-2. It thus widens the scope of MP3 to ... | As MPEG-2.5 is unofficial, it is considered what kind of extension to the MP3 format? | {'text': 'proprietary', 'answer_start': 817} |
4,496 | 4,154 | 56d120c117492d1400aaba0d | generic | The Democratic Party holds the majority of public offices. As of November 2008, 67% of registered voters in the city are Democrats. New York City has not been carried by a Republican in a statewide or presidential election since President Calvin Coolidge won the five boroughs in 1924. In 2012, Democrat Barack Obama bec... | What party are most public officials of New York members of? | {'text': 'Democratic Party', 'answer_start': 4} |
26,059 | 25,717 | 56f8e22c9e9bad19000a0688 | generic | Ptolemy's Geography divided Asia on a similar basis. In the north is "Scythia this side of the Himalayas" and "Scythia beyond the Himalayas." To the south is "India on this side of the Ganges" and "India beyond the Ganges." Asia began on the coast of Anatolia ("land of the rising sun"). Beyond the Ganges and Himalayas ... | Where did Asia begin? | {'text': 'on the coast of Anatolia', 'answer_start': 235} |
43,493 | 43,151 | 570e349b0b85d914000d7d55 | generic | Traditional Eritrean attire is quite varied among the ethnic groups of Eritrea. In the larger cities, most people dress in Western casual dress such as jeans and shirts. In offices, both men and women often dress in suits. Traditional clothing for Christian Tigrinya-speaking highlanders consists of bright white gowns c... | What are zurias, the traditional clothes still worn by Christian highlander women in Eritrea? | {'text': 'bright white gowns', 'answer_start': 300} |
87,375 | 87,033 | 5728cb54ff5b5019007da6b8 | generic | Although asthma is a chronic obstructive condition, it is not considered as a part of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as this term refers specifically to combinations of disease that are irreversible such as bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. Unlike these diseases, the airway obstruction in asthma... | Is the airway obstuction reversable in asthma? | {'text': 'asthma is usually reversible', 'answer_start': 314} |
88,320 | 87,978 | 5ace827f32bba1001ae4a8e1 | generic | The sensors are primarily single cells that detect light, chemicals, pressure waves and contact, and are present on the head, appendages (if any) and other parts of the body. Nuchal ("on the neck") organs are paired, ciliated structures found only in polychaetes, and are thought to be chemosensors. Some polychaetes als... | What are nuchal organs thought to kill? | {'text': 'chemosensors', 'answer_start': 286} |
109,040 | 108,698 | 572f552a947a6a140053c88a | generic | Although chartered as a university, for many years Washington University functioned primarily as a night school located on 17th Street and Washington Avenue in the heart of downtown St. Louis. Owing to limited financial resources, Washington University initially used public buildings. Classes began on October 22, 1854,... | Where was Washington University located? | {'text': '17th Street and Washington Avenue', 'answer_start': 123} |
27,680 | 27,338 | 56fad599f34c681400b0c148 | generic | According to mtDNA studies by Holden (2005) and Richards et al. (2006), a significant proportion of the maternal lineages of Somalis consists of the M1 haplogroup. This mitochondrial clade is common among Ethiopians and North Africans, particularly Egyptians and Algerians. M1 is believed to have originated in Asia, whe... | Along with Egyptians, Algerians and Somalis, what people commonly possess the M1 haplogroup? | {'text': 'Ethiopians', 'answer_start': 205} |
128,783 | 128,441 | 5a68b5858476ee001a58a781 | generic | Punjab is Pakistan's second largest province in terms of land area at 205,344 km2 (79,284 sq mi), after Balochistan, and is located at the north western edge of the geologic Indian plate in South Asia. The province is bordered by Kashmir (Azad Kashmir, Pakistan and Jammu and Kashmir, India) to the northeast, the Indian... | What is west of Islamabad? | {'text': 'Khyber Pakhtunkhwa', 'answer_start': 473} |
76,047 | 75,705 | 5727b1adff5b5019007d92c0 | generic | In Darwin's time there was no agreed-upon model of heredity; in Chapter I Darwin admitted, "The laws governing inheritance are quite unknown." He accepted a version of the inheritance of acquired characteristics (which after Darwin's death came to be called Lamarckism), and Chapter V discusses what he called the effect... | What is the theory that is based on acquired characteristics within a species? | {'text': 'Lamarckism', 'answer_start': 258} |
22,396 | 22,054 | 56f74bfcaef2371900625acd | generic | In the 19th century, musical institutions emerged from the control of wealthy patrons, as composers and musicians could construct lives independent of the nobility. Increasing interest in music by the growing middle classes throughout western Europe spurred the creation of organizations for the teaching, performance, a... | What class increased it's interest in music during the 19th century? | {'text': 'middle classes', 'answer_start': 209} |
72,522 | 72,180 | 5a35ccc8788daf001a5f8678 | generic | Even at high latitudes, glacier formation is not inevitable. Areas of the Arctic, such as Banks Island, and the McMurdo Dry Valleys in Antarctica are considered polar deserts where glaciers cannot form because they receive little snowfall despite the bitter cold. Cold air, unlike warm air, is unable to transport much w... | What is inevitable at hight latitudes? | {'text': 'glacier formation', 'answer_start': 24} |
54,636 | 54,294 | 5ad017ab77cf76001a68699e | generic | To prevent piracy of films, the standard drill of film distribution is to have a movie first released through movie theaters (theatrical window), on average approximately 16 and a half weeks, before having it released to Blu-Ray and DVD (entering its video window). During the theatrical window, digital versions of film... | What superior versions of movies are available for piracy during the theatrical run of a movie called? | {'text': '"cams" made by video recordings of the movie screens', 'answer_start': 768} |
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