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Bahraini dinar | On 16 October 1965 the Bahrain Currency Board introduced notes in denominations of 1⁄4, 1⁄2, 1, 5 and 10 dinars; a 100-fils note was introduced on September 2, 1967.
In 1973, the Bahrain Monetary Agency took over the issuance of paper money, and starting in July 1978 with a 20 dinar note, it introduced a new family of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahraini_dinar |
Sheikhdom of Kuwait | In the early to mid 1700s, Kuwait was a small fishing village known as Grane (Kureyn). The region originally came under the rule of the Bani Khalid Emirate in 1670 after the expulsion of the Ottomans from Eastern Arabia (Lahsa Eyalet) by Barrack bin Ghurayr, Emir of the Bani Khalid, who successfully besieged the Ottoma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikhdom_of_Kuwait |
History of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan | As World War II approached, the Sudan Defence Force assumed the mission of guarding the Sudanese frontier with Italian East Africa (present-day Ethiopia and Eritrea). During the summer of 1940, in what became the first moves of the East African Campaign, Italian forces invaded Sudan at several points and captured the r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Anglo-Egyptian_Sudan |
Novel | While the reader of so-called serious literature will follow public discussions of novels, popular fiction production employs more direct and short-term marketing strategies by openly declaring a work's genre. Popular novels are based entirely on the expectations for the particular genre, and this includes the creation... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novel |
Crusades | The Sixth Crusade (1228–1229) was a military expedition to recapture the city of Jerusalem. It began seven years after the failure of the Fifth Crusade and involved very little actual fighting. The diplomatic maneuvering of Frederick II resulted in the Kingdom of Jerusalem regaining some control over Jerusalem for much... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusades |
African Union | The objectives of the African Union are:
To achieve greater unity, cohesion and solidarity among the African countries and African nations.
To defend the sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence of its Member States.
To accelerate the political and social-economic integration of the continent.
To promote an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Union |
Byzantine Empire | According to Dimitri Obolensky, the preservation of civilisation in eastern Europe was due to the skill and resourcefulness of the Empire's diplomacy, and Imperial Diplomacy is one of its lasting contributions to the history of Europe. The Empire's longevity has been said to be due to its aggressive diplomacy in negoti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire |
Samarkand | The armies of the Umayyad Caliphate under Qutayba ibn Muslim captured the city from the Tang dynasty c. 710 CE.
During this period, Samarqand was a diverse religious community and was home to a number of religions, including Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, Hinduism, Manichaeism, Judaism, and Nestorian Christianity, with most... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarkand |
Romanticism | Romantic architecture appeared in the late 18th century in a reaction against the rigid forms of neoclassical architecture. Romantic architecture reached its peak in the mid-19th century, and continued to appear until the end of the 19th century. It was designed to evoke an emotional reaction, either respect for tradit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanticism |
Al-Hasakah | An ancient tell has been identified in the city centre by Dominique Charpin as the location of the city of Qirdahat. Another possibility is that it was the site of the ancient Aramean city of Magarisu, mentioned by the Assyrian king Ashur-bel-kala, who fought the Arameans near the city. The etymology of "Magarisu" is A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hasakah |
Somali Rebellion | In April 1981, a group of Isaaq businesspeople, students, former civil servants and former politicians who lived in the United Kingdom founded the Somali National Movement in London. Initially, the aim of the various groups that merged to create the SNM was not to create an armed liberation front, but rather these grou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_Rebellion |
Art Deco | In the 1920s and 1930s, designers including René Lalique and Cartier tried to reduce the traditional dominance of diamonds by introducing more colourful gemstones, such as small emeralds, rubies and sapphires. They also placed greater emphasis on very elaborate and elegant settings, featuring less-expensive materials s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Deco |
Culture of Tunisia | Until the beginning of the twentieth century, Tunisia was characterized by the existence of a popular culture of oral narratives and puppet shows (marionettes). The narrator, known under the terms of Rawi, or fdaoui meddah was highly respected and appreciated by both the Islamic elite and by the popular classes. Often ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Tunisia |
Shepseskare | In two articles published in 2000 and 2001 Verner argues that, contrary to what Manetho indicates, Shepseskare must have reigned for a couple of months at the most, a hypothesis already proposed by the French Egyptologist Nicolas Grimal in 1988.
Verner's conclusion is based on the archeological record, in particular Sh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepseskare |
Prophetic medicine | Some clerics in Iran promote a controversial form of prophetic or "Islamic" medicine, based on sometimes rather unlikely quotations attributed to historic Muslim religious figures, and on Iranian traditional medicine.
Abbas Tabrizian, a prominent proponent, has faced official action for selling unapproved treatments; ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prophetic_medicine |
Timurid Renaissance | Jamshid al-Kashi was one of the most influential contributors in the fields of mathematics and astronomy. He got immense support from both Emperor Shah Rukh and Queen Goharshad, who were very interested in the sciences and encouraged theirs court to study the various fields in great depth. Consequently, the period of t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timurid_Renaissance |
Jasmine (Aladdin) | Critical opinions of Jasmine have been generally mixed; some critics appreciated the character for continuing to "break the [passive] mold" that had been demonstrated by Disney's earliest princesses. Ty Burr of Entertainment Weekly described Jasmine as the "most full-bodied (in every sense) of the new Disney heroines,"... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasmine_(Aladdin) |
Yemeni civil war (1994) | South Yemen had witnessed 2 civil wars that led to regime changes in the 1980s. As a result, serious moves toward reconciliation and unification began. And in December 1989, the president of North Yemen and South Yemen signed a draft constitution and agreed to a one-year timetable for unification.
Approval for the unio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(1994) |
History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (1954–present) | Nasser's successor, Anwar al-Sadat, introduced a policy of economic liberalisation and, to a much lesser extent, political liberalisation. In 1971 the concentration camps were closed, and the regime began to gradually release the imprisoned Brothers, though the organisation itself remained illegal; the last of those st... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Muslim_Brotherhood_in_Egypt_(1954%E2%80%93present) |
Chronology of the ancient Near East | A number of lunar and solar eclipses have been suggested for use in dating the ancient Near East. Many suffer from the vagueness of the original tablets in showing that an actual eclipse occurred. At that point, it becomes a question of using computer models to show when a given eclipse would have been visible at a sit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East |
Bible | The philosophical foundation of human rights is in the Bible's teachings of natural law. The prophets of the Hebrew Bible repeatedly admonish the people to practice justice, charity, and social responsibility. H. A. Lockton writes that "The Poverty and Justice Bible (The Bible Society (UK), 2008) claims there are more ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible |
Uganda–Tanzania War | The war with Tanzania caused great economic damage to Uganda, as price gouging of commodities surged and inflation rapidly increased. The movement of armed forces throughout Uganda in 1979 disrupted the planting season, leading to inflated prices for staple crops such as bananas, sweet potatoes, and cassava, and causin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda%E2%80%93Tanzania_War |
Israel | During the 1950s, Israel was frequently attacked by Palestinian fedayeen, nearly always against civilians, mainly from the Egyptian-occupied Gaza Strip, leading to several Israeli reprisal operations. In 1956, the UK and France aimed at regaining control of the Suez Canal, which Egypt had nationalized. The continued bl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel |
Ashurbanipal | Ashurbanipal portrayed himself as powerful in both body and mind. Typically portraying himself as carrying both weapons and a stylus, Ashurbanipal's inscriptions make him out to be unlike the kings before him, exceptionally well-versed in literature, writing, mathematics and scholarship. Deeply interested in the ancien... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashurbanipal |
Uday Hussein | Uday founded his own sports club called Al-Rasheed and signed all the best players from the country to play for the club. They went on to dominate Iraqi football until the team was dissolved in 1990. He also became the editor of the Babel newspaper, the general secretary of the Iraqi Union of Students and the head of t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uday_Hussein |
Polo | Valuable for training cavalry, the game was played from Constantinople, where Emperor Theodosius II constructed a polo ground early in the 5th century, to Japan by the Middle Ages. The game also spread south to Arabia and to India and Tibet.
Abbasid Baghdad had a large polo ground outside its walls, and one of the city... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polo |
History of the Middle East | When the Ottoman Empire surrendered to the Allies in 1918, the Arab patriots did not get what they had expected. Islamic activists of more recent times have described it as an Anglo-French betrayal. The governments of the European Entente had concluded a secret treaty before the armistice, the Sykes–Picot Agreement, pa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Middle_East |
Shawm | By the early 16th century the brash tonality of the medieval shawm had been modulated by a narrowing of the bore and a reduction in the size of the fingerholes. This also extended the range, enabling the performer to play the notes in the second octave. Larger sizes of shawm were built, down to the great bass in B♭, tw... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shawm |
Edessa | The Byzantine Empire often tried to retake Edessa, especially under Romanos I Lekapenos, who obtained from the inhabitants the "Image of Edessa", an ancient portrait of Christ, and solemnly transferred it to Constantinople, August 16, 944. This was the final great achievement of Romanus's reign. This venerable and famo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edessa |
Madkhalism | The movement has, in essence, been a reaction against the Muslim Brotherhood, rival Sahwa movement as well as the Qutbi movement; Sayyid Qutb, that movement's figurehead, is considered to be an apostate by Madkhali and his movement.
Rabee al-Madkhali was incredibly influential, most of it through Saudi support, in the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madkhalism |
Almoravid dynasty | The Almoravid period, along with the subsequent Almohad period, is considered one of the most formative stages of Moroccan and Moorish architecture, establishing many of the forms and motifs of this style that were refined in subsequent centuries. Manuel Casamar Perez remarks that the Almoravids scaled back the Andalus... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almoravid_dynasty |
Akkadian Empire | Epigraphic sources from the Sargonic (Akkadian Empire) period are in relatively short supply, partly because the capital Akkad, like the capitals of the later Mitanni and Sealand, has not yet been located, though there has been much speculation. Some cuneiform tablets have been excavated at cities under Akkadian Empire... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire |
Moroccan Jews | Morocco: In 2012 it was estimated that 2,000–2,500 Jews still lived in Morocco, mainly in Casablanca. Other towns are said to have smaller, aging populations.
Israel: The 1950s saw large waves of Jewish emigration from Morocco to Israel. Many Moroccan Jews were transferred to peripheral development towns while others s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moroccan_Jews |
Arameans | The Arameans were later conquered by the Achaemenid Empire (539–332 BCE). However, little changed from the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian times, as the Persians, seeing themselves as successors of previous empires, maintained Imperial Aramaic as the main language of public life and administration. Provincial administr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arameans |
Syriac Orthodox Church | Given the antiquity of the Bishopric of Antioch and the importance of the Christian community in the city of Antioch, a commercially significant city in the eastern parts of the Roman Empire, the First Council of Nicaea (325) recognized the Bishopric as one of main regional primacies in Christendom, with jurisdiction o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church |
Al-Khwarizmi | Few details of al-Khwārizmī's life are known with certainty. Ibn al-Nadim gives his birthplace as Khwarazm, and he is generally thought to have come from this region. Of Persian stock, his name means 'of Khwarazm', a region that was part of Greater Iran, and is now part of Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.
Al-Tabari gives h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Khwarizmi |
Mongol Empire | Möngke was a serious man who followed the laws of his ancestors and avoided alcoholism. He was tolerant of outside religions and artistic styles, leading to the building of foreign merchants' quarters, Buddhist monasteries, mosques, and Christian churches in the Mongol capital. As construction projects continued, Karak... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongol_Empire |
Occupation of Iraq (2003–2011) | On 4 April 2004, coalition forces closed Shiite cleric Muqtada al-Sadr's newspaper al-Hawza, claiming it contained incitements to violence. One example provided was that on 26 February, an article claimed that a suicide bombing in Iskandariya that killed 53 people was a rocket fired by the Americans, and not a car bomb... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupation_of_Iraq_(2003%E2%80%932011) |
Al-Allama al-Hilli | Al-Hilli also known as "the sage of Hilla", was born in Hillah, Iraq, commonly viewed as the centre of Shia Islam when Sunni leaders were in control over Baghdad during his lifetime. He entered into a prominent family of Shia jurists and theologians. His father, Sadid al-Din al-Hilli, was a respected mujtahid and a lea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Allama_al-Hilli |
Babylonian calendar | The Babylonian civil calendar, also called the cultic calendar, was a lunisolar calendar descended from the Nippur calendar, which has evidence of use as early as 2600 BCE and descended from the even older Third Dynasty of Ur (Ur III) calendar. The original Sumerian names of the months are seen in the orthography for t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonian_calendar |
Vandals | Hilderic (523–530) was the Vandal king most tolerant towards the Catholic Church. He granted it religious freedom; consequently, Catholic synods were once more held in North Africa. However, he had little interest in war, and left it to a family member, Hoamer. When Hoamer suffered a defeat against the Moors, the Arian... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandals |
Status of women's testimony in Islam | In case of witnesses for financial documents, the Qur'an asks for two men or one man and two women. This is interpreted by a number of Muslim scholars so as to imply testimony of two women being equal to a single man's. Tafsir Ibn Kathir states: "Allah requires that two women take the place of one man as witness, becau... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Status_of_women%27s_testimony_in_Islam |
2019 Saudi Arabia mass execution | One of the executees, Hussein al-Humaidy, was severely pressured prior to his sentencing and execution. Al-Humaidy confirmed to the judge, as officially recorded, that "severe psychological and physical pressure" was used during interrogations. Nine among the executees who provided forced confessions and/or were tortur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Saudi_Arabia_mass_execution |
Umm Kulthum | Umm Kulthum's musical directions in the 1940s and early 1950s and her mature performing style led this period to become popularly known as the singer's "golden age". Keeping up with changing popular taste as well as her own artistic inclinations, in the early 1940s, she requested songs from composer Zakariya Ahmad and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_Kulthum |
Granada War | With the fall of Baza and the capture of al-Zagal in 1490, it seemed as if the war was over; Ferdinand and Isabella believed this was the case. However, Boabdil was unhappy with the rewards for his alliance with Ferdinand and Isabella, possibly because lands that had been promised to him were being administered by Cas... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granada_War |
Muhakkima | The early dissenters wished to secede from Ali's army in order to uphold their principles. They held that the third caliph Uthman had deserved his death because of his faults, and that Ali was the legitimate caliph, while Mu'awiya was a rebel. They believed that the Quran clearly stated that as a rebel Mu'awiya was not... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhakkima |
Slavery in the Ottoman Empire | Very little is actually known about the Imperial Harem, and much of what is thought to be known is actually conjecture and imagination. There are two main reasons for the lack of accurate accounts on this subject. The first was the barrier imposed by the people of the Ottoman society – the Ottoman people did not know m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Ottoman_Empire |
Artaxerxes III | After his success in Egypt, Artaxerxes returned to Persia and spent the next few years effectively quelling insurrections in various parts of the Empire so that a few years after his conquest of Egypt, the Persian Empire was firmly under his control. Egypt remained a part of the Persian Empire until Alexander the Great... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artaxerxes_III |
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq | The United States, notably the Ronald Reagan administration, was an ardent supporter of Zia's military regime and a close ally of Pakistan's conservative-leaning ruling military establishment. The Reagan administration declared Zia's regime as the "front line" ally of the United States in the fight against the threat o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq |
Hadith terminology | Sahih (Arabic: صحيح, Ṣaḥīḥ) may be translated as "authentic" or "sound." Ibn Hajar defines a hadith that is ṣaḥīḥ lidhātihi ("ṣaḥīḥ in and of itself") as a singular narration (ahaad; see below) conveyed by a trustworthy, completely competent person, either in his ability to memorize or to preserve what he wrote, with a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology |
Al-Qadi al-Nu'man | Born in Kairouan, in what is now Tunisia, al-Nu'man converted to Isma'ilism and began his career in Ifriqiya (now Tunisia, western Libya and eastern Algeria) under the first Fatimid caliph, Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah (r. 909-934 CE/297-322 AH), quickly rising to become the most prominent judge (qadi) of the Fatimid state... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qadi_al-Nu%27man |
Muhammad al-Baqir | By definition, a mu'min (lit. '[true] believer') and a Muslim are characterized, respectively, by the two notions of iman (lit. 'faith') and islam (lit. 'submission [to God]').
Citing the Quranic verse 49:14, al-Baqir defined Muslims as those who confess Islam in words and outwardly practice Islamic rites, such as pray... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_al-Baqir |
2022 FIFA World Cup | Some allegations were made over the role of former football official Mohammed bin Hammam played in securing the bid. A former employee of the Qatar bid team alleged that several African officials were paid $1.5 million by Qatar. She retracted her claims, but later said that she was coerced to do so by Qatari bid offici... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_FIFA_World_Cup |
Ptolemy I Soter | In 321 BC, Perdiccas attempted to invade Egypt, only to fall at the hands of his own men. Ptolemy's decision to defend the Nile against Perdiccas ended in fiasco for Perdiccas, with the loss of 2,000 men. This failure was a fatal blow to Perdiccas' reputation, and he was murdered in his tent by two of his subordinates.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter |
Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti | Authors such as Ibn Hawqal, Al-Muqaddasi and Ibn Said have confirmed the early presence of Arabian tribes in municipalities such as Berbera, Zeila, Jabarta (an old metropolis now in ruins), and Massawa in the northern Horn of Africa.
According to Somali tradition, Muhammad ibn Aqil's descendant Abdirahman bin Isma'il a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdirahman_bin_Isma%27il_al-Jabarti |
2003 invasion of Iraq | While there had been some earlier talk of action against Iraq, the Bush administration waited until September 2002 to call for action, with White House Chief of Staff Andrew Card saying, "From a marketing point of view, you don't introduce new products in August." Bush began formally making his case to the internationa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq |
Antisemitism in the Arab world | For a personal account of the discrimination and physical attacks experienced by Jews in Tunisia the Jewish-Arab anti-colonialist writer Albert Memmi wrote:
At each crisis, with every incident of the slightest importance, the mob would go wild, setting fire to Jewish shops. This even happened during the Yom Kippur War... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Arab_world |
Jordan | In 629 AD, during the Battle of Mu'tah in what is today Karak Governorate, the Byzantines and their Arab Christian clients, the Ghassanids, staved off an attack by a Muslim Rashidun force that marched northwards towards the Levant from the Hejaz (in modern-day Saudi Arabia). The Byzantines however were defeated by the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan |
Israel–Hamas war | On 27 October, the IDF launched a large-scale, multi-pronged ground incursion into parts of northern Gaza. The IDF was building up a force of over 100,000 soldiers in the cities of Ashkelon, Sderot and Kiryat Gat. Clashes between Hamas and the IDF were reported near Beit Hanoun and Bureij. Israeli airstrikes targeted t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war |
Middle Ages | Clashes with secular powers led to the militarisation of the papacy. In response to a Byzantine appeal for military aid against the Seljuk Turks, Urban II (pope 1088–99) proclaimed the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont. He declared the liberation of Jerusalem as its ultimate goal, and offered indulgence—the remi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ages |
Avempace | In Islamic astronomy, Maimonides wrote the following on the planetary model proposed by Avempace:
"I have heard that Abu Bakr [Ibn Bajja] discovered a system in which no epicycles occur, but eccentric spheres are not excluded by him. I have not heard it from his pupils; and even if it be correct that he discovered suc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avempace |
Taqi al-Din al-Subki | He left a large number of books, amounting to about (211) books in every field of Sharia sciences, some of which are printed and some that are still in manuscript form. Among his most important books are:
Shifa' as-Siqam fi Ziarat khayr al'Anam (شفاء السقام في زيارة خير الأنام) - 'Cure for the Sick in Visiting the Bes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taqi_al-Din_al-Subki |
Two-nation theory | Several ethnic and provincial leaders in Pakistan also began to use the term "nation" to describe their provinces and argued that their very existence was threatened by the concept of amalgamation into a Pakistani nation on the basis that Muslims were one nation. It has also been alleged that the idea that Islam is the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-nation_theory |
Sennacherib | After the final war with Babylon, Sennacherib dedicated his time to improving his new capital at Nineveh rather than embarking on large military campaigns. Nineveh had been an important city in northern Mesopotamia for millennia. The oldest traces of human settlement at its location are from the 7th millennium BC, and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sennacherib |
Caliphate | After the Armistice of Mudros of October 1918 with the military occupation of Constantinople and Treaty of Versailles (1919), the position of the Ottomans was uncertain. The movement to protect or restore the Ottomans gained force after the Treaty of Sèvres (August 1920) which imposed the partitioning of the Ottoman Em... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caliphate |
Malaysia | Evidence of modern human habitation in Malaysia dates back 40,000 years. In the Malay Peninsula, the first inhabitants are thought to be Negritos. Areas of Malaysia participated in the Maritime Jade Road between 2000 BC to 1000 AD. Traders and settlers from India and China arrived as early as the first century AD, esta... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia |
Jerusalem Law | On 27 June 1967, Israel expanded the municipal boundaries of West Jerusalem so as to include approximately 70 km2 (27.0 sq mi) of West Bank territory today referred to as East Jerusalem, which included Jordanian East Jerusalem ( 6 km2 (2.3 sq mi) ) and 28 villages and areas of the Bethlehem and Beit Jala municipalitie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem_Law |
Abul A'la Maududi | 1903 – Born in Aurangabad, Hyderabad State, colonial India
1918 – Started career as journalist in Bijnore newspaper
1920 – Appointed as editor of the daily Taj, based in Jabalpur
1921 – Learned Arabic from Maulana Abdul Salam Niazi in Delhi
1921 – Appointed as editor daily Muslim newspaper
1926 – Took the Sanad of Uloo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abul_A%27la_Maududi |
List of Assyrian kings | Incomplete king-lists have been recovered from three of the major ancient Assyrian capitals (Assur, Dur-Sharrukin and Nineveh). The three lists are largely consistent with each other, all originally copies of a single original list, and are based on the yearly appointments of limmy-officials (the eponymous officials fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Assyrian_kings |
Moses in Islam | Moreover, by indicating that Musa wants to be separated from Harun, his brother, many of the Israelites proclaim that Musa had killed Harun on the mountain to secure this so-called separation. However, according to the accounts of al-Tabari, Harun dies of natural causes: “When they [Musa and Harun] fell asleep, death t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses_in_Islam |
Muslim conquest of the Maghreb | Archaeological and scholarly research has shown that Christianity existed after the Muslim conquests. The Catholic church gradually declined along with local Latin dialect. According to a view, Christianity in North Africa effectively continued a century after the Muslim conquest but that neither the Church nor the ru... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Maghreb |
Tyrian purple | Biological pigments were often difficult to acquire, and the details of their production were kept secret by the manufacturers. Tyrian purple is a pigment made from the mucus of several species of Murex snail. Production of Tyrian purple for use as a fabric dye began as early as 1200 BC by the Phoenicians, and was cont... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrian_purple |
War in Darfur | On 16 January fighting between Masalit people and Arab nomads in Al Geneina District, West Darfur, left 84 dead and 160 wounded. This was two weeks after the United Nations withdrew its peacekeepers from the region. Based on a statement from the Darfur Bar Association, the incident began when a member of an Arab tribe ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Darfur |
Human rights in Qatar | The construction boom in Qatar began well in advance of Qatar winning the hosting rights to the 2022 FIFA World Cup. When the Emir Sheikh Hamad Al Thani took control of Qatar from his father in 1995 he opened Qatar up to foreign investment. He began the construction of the world's biggest LNG terminals in Ras Laffan wi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_Qatar |
Human rights in Saudi Arabia | Saudi women face discrimination in many aspects of their lives, such as the justice system, and under the male guardianship system are effectively treated as legal minors. Although they make up 70% of those enrolled in universities, for social reasons, women make up 5% of the workforce in Saudi Arabia, the lowest propo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_Saudi_Arabia |
Garoowe | Garowe is traversed by a 750 km north–south highway. It connects major cities in the northern part of the country, such as Bosaso and Galkayo, with towns in the south. In 2012, the Puntland Highway Authority (PHA) completed rehabilitation work on the central artery linking Garowe with Galkayo. The transportation body a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garoowe |
Somali people | The origin of the Somali people which was previously theorized to have been from Southern Ethiopia since 1000 BC or from the Arabian peninsula in the eleventh century has now been overturned by newer archeological and linguistic studies which puts the original homeland of the Somali people in Somaliland region, which c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_people |
Iraq–Turkey relations | After World War II, international relations had changed not only in the Middle East but also globally. Iraq became one of the founders of the Arab League in 1945. This league was founded in order to provide a forum for Arab states, and leaving the door open for a possible future federation.: 115 First of all, the foun... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq%E2%80%93Turkey_relations |
Ramesses II | In Year 21 of Ramesses's reign, he concluded a peace treaty with the Hittites known to modern scholars as the Treaty of Kadesh. Though this treaty settled the disputes over Canaan, its immediate impetus seems to have been a diplomatic crisis that occurred following Ḫattušili III's accession to the Hittite throne. Ḫattu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramesses_II |
Dhofar Governorate | Dhofar is extensively detailed in the 1917 publication Gazetteer of Arabia, produced by the Government in British India and mostly based on information gathered by J.G. Lorimer's in his 1908 and 1915 handbook Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Oman and Central Arabia. In it, Dhofar's boundaries are given as between the Sam... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhofar_Governorate |
Iraqi no-fly zones conflict | From 1992 to the United States-led coalition invasion of Iraq in 2003, there were two NFZs in Iraq. The NFZ in the north of Iraq was established shortly after the Gulf War, extending from the 36th parallel northwards. In August 1992 the NFZ in the south to the 32nd parallel was established, but in 1996 it was expanded ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqi_no-fly_zones_conflict |
Turkey | In line with its traditional Western orientation, relations with Europe have always been a central part of Turkish foreign policy. Turkey became one of the early members of the Council of Europe in 1950. Turkey applied for full membership of the EEC in 1987, joined the European Union Customs Union in 1995 and started a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey |
Salafi movement | In Indian subcontinent, a number of Salafi streams exist including Ahl i Hadith and Kerala Nadvathul Mujahideen.
Ahl-i Hadith is a religious movement that emerged in Northern India in the mid-nineteenth century. Adherents of Ahl-i-Hadith regard the Quran, sunnah, and hadith as the sole sources of religious authority an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salafi_movement |
Islam in Egypt | Egyptian Muslims believe that Islam defines one's relationship to God, to other Muslims, and to non-Muslims. Some devout Muslims believe that there can be no dichotomy between the sacred and the secular. Many Muslims say that Egypt's governments have been secularist and even anti-religious since the early 1920s. Politi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Egypt |
Manichaeism | Mani believed that the teachings of Buddha, Zoroaster, and Jesus were incomplete, and that his revelations were for the entire world, calling his teachings the "Religion of Light". Manichaean writings indicate that Mani received revelations when he was twelve years old and again when he was 24, and over this period he ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manichaeism |
Philosophy | Metaphysics is the study of the most general features of reality, such as existence, objects and their properties, wholes and their parts, space and time, events, and causation. There are disagreements about the precise definition of the term and its meaning has changed throughout the ages. Metaphysicians attempt to an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy |
Shia Islam | The Shia, originally known as the "partisans" of ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib, Muhammad's cousin and Fatima's husband, first emerged as a distinct movement during the First Fitna from 656 to 661 CE. Shia doctrine holds that ʿAlī was meant to lead the community after Muhammad's death in 632. Historians dispute over the origins of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia_Islam |
Fatimid Caliphate | For a large part of the tenth century the Fatimids also engaged in a rivalry with the Umayyads of Cordoba – who ruled Al-Andalus and were hostile to the Fatimids' pretensions – in an effort to establish domination over the western Maghreb. In 911, Tahert, which had been briefly captured by Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i in 909,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate |
Rapid transit | Most rapid transit trains are electric multiple units with lengths from three to over ten cars. Crew sizes have decreased throughout history, with some modern systems now running completely unstaffed trains. Other trains continue to have drivers, even if their only role in normal operation is to open and close the door... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_transit |
Islamic funeral | Following washing, shrouding and prayer, the body is then taken for burial (al-Dafin). The exact manner, customs and style of the grave, the burial and so forth may vary by regional custom. Muslims typically try their best to follow hadith regarding proper grave burial procedures.
The grave should be perpendicular t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_funeral |
Wahhabism | In contemporary discourse, the post-Soviet states widely employ the term "Wahhabism" to denote any manifestation of Islamic assertion in neighbouring Muslim countries. During the Soviet-era, the Muslim dissidents were usually labelled with terms such as "Sufi" and "fanatic" employing Islamophobic discourses that arouse... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism |
Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani | The Isfahani family's extensive network of contacts is reflected in al-Isfahani's sources. Among the direct informants whom al-Isfahani cites in his works, are members of his own family, who were further connected to other notable families, the Al Thawaba, the Banū Munajjim, the Yazīdīs, the Ṣūlīs, the Banū Ḥamdūn, the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_al-Faraj_al-Isfahani |
Israeli occupation of the West Bank | The pastoral economy was a fundamental wing of the Palestinian economy. Of the 2,180 square kilometres (840 sq mi) of grazing land in the West Bank Israel permitted in the first years of the 21st century only 225 square kilometres (87 sq mi) for such use. In certain areas, such as the South Hebron Hills, Palestinian be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_the_West_Bank |
Roman Egypt | In the administrative provincial capitals of the nomoi, the mētropoleis mostly inherited from the Pharaonic and Ptolemaic period, Roman public buildings were erected by the governing strategos and the local gymnasiarch.: 189 In most cases, these have not survived and evidence of them is rare, but it is probable that m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Egypt |
First Crusade | The Crusaders' arrival at Jerusalem revealed an arid countryside, lacking in water or food supplies. Here there was no prospect of relief, even as they feared an imminent attack by the local Fatimid rulers. There was no hope of trying to blockade the city as they had at Antioch; the crusaders had insufficient troops, s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Crusade |
Subsidy | Tax subsidies, also known as tax breaks or tax expenditures, are a way for governments to achieve certain outcomes without directly providing cash payments. By offering tax breaks, the government can incentivize behavior that is beneficial to the economy or society as a whole. However, tax subsidies can also have negat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidy |
Iraq–United States relations | In the aftermath of the March Accord, Iranian and Israeli officials tried to persuade the Nixon administration that the agreement was part of a Soviet plot to free up Iraq's military for aggression against Iran and Israel, but U.S. officials refuted these claims by noting that Iraq had resumed purging ICP members on Ma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq%E2%80%93United_States_relations |
Nazareth | In 1584 the Franciscan friars were evicted again from the site of the ruined basilica. In 1620, Fakhr-al-Din II, a Druze emir who controlled this part of Ottoman Syria, permitted them to build a small church at the Grotto of the Annunciation. Pilgrimage tours to surrounding sacred sites were organised by the Franciscan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazareth |
Cultural heritage | Objects are a part of the study of human history because they provide a concrete basis for ideas, and can validate them. Their preservation demonstrates a recognition of the necessity of the past and of the things that tell its story. In The Past is a Foreign Country, David Lowenthal observes that preserved objects als... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_heritage |
Safavid Iran | In 1614–16 during the Ottoman–Safavid War (1603–1618), Abbas suppressed a rebellion led by his formerly most loyal Georgian subjects Luarsab II and Teimuraz I (also known as Tahmuras Khan) in the Kingdom of Kakheti. In 1613, Abbas had appointed these trusted Georgian gholams of his on the puppet thrones of Kartli and K... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safavid_Iran |
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