title stringlengths 2 79 | passage stringlengths 2.2k 39.3k | link stringlengths 32 109 |
|---|---|---|
Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry | According to Article 4 of Royal Decree 28, the Commission's mandate is to "engage in fact finding". and it will have access to all officials and official documents that it considers relevant as well as access, in secret if necessary, to alleged victims and witnesses of alleged violations of the law perpetrated by both... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain_Independent_Commission_of_Inquiry |
Roman Empire | The city was viewed as fostering civilization by being "properly designed, ordered, and adorned". Augustus undertook a vast building programme in Rome, supported public displays of art that expressed imperial ideology, and reorganized the city into neighbourhoods (vici) administered at the local level with police and f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empire |
Judicial corporal punishment | A list of countries that use lawful, official judicial corporal punishment today is as follows:
Afghanistan. See Judicial corporal punishment in Afghanistan
Antigua and Barbuda (flogging)
Bahamas (men – cat on bare back; boys – cane on bare buttocks; in private)
Barbados (boys only – details unclear)
Botswana (ma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judicial_corporal_punishment |
Salafi movement | The Salafi movement emphasizes looking up to the era of the Salaf al-Salih; who were the early three generations of Muslims that succeeded Prophet Muhammad. They consider the faith and practices of salaf al-salih as virtuous and exemplary. By seeking to capture values of the Salaf in their own lives, Salafis attempt to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salafi_movement |
Idrisid dynasty | By the second half of the 8th century the westernmost regions of the Maghreb, including present-day Morocco, had been effectively independent of the Umayyad Caliphate since the Khariji-led Berber revolts that started in 739–40. The Abbasid Caliphate after 750 had no more success in re-establishing control over Morocco.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrisid_dynasty |
Ahmad Abd al-Ghafur Attar | Started his literary career in early ages, when he was a student at the Saudi Scientific Institute. He published My Book (Kitabi) (1936), a collection of literary articles he had published in the Umm Al-Qura and Al-Hijaz newspapers. It also contains examples of Prose poetry that was assented among Saudi intellectua... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Abd_al-Ghafur_Attar |
Economy of the State of Palestine | In 2005, the PNA Ministry of Finance cited the Israeli West Bank barrier, whose construction began in the second half of 2002, as one reason for the depressed Palestinian economic activity. Real GDP growth in the West Bank declined substantially in 2000, 2001, and 2002, and increased modestly in 2003 and 2004. The Worl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_State_of_Palestine |
Israel Defense Forces | Israel is one of only a few nations that conscript women or deploy them in combat roles, although in practice, women can avoid conscription through a religious exemption and over a third of Israeli women do so. As of 2010, 88% of all roles in the IDF are open to female candidates, and women could be found in 69% of all... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces |
Islam in Romania | The Dobrujan Muslim community was exposed to cultural repression during Communist Romania. After 1948, all property of the Islamic institutions became state-owned. The following year, the state-run and secular compulsory education system set aside special classes for Tatar and Turkish children. According to Irwin, this... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Romania |
Peroz I | Besides Caucasian Albania, the two other Iranian provinces in the Caucasus—Armenia and Iberia—were also dissatisfied with Zoroastrian Sasanian rule. In Armenia, Yazdegerd II's policy of integrating the Christian nobility into the bureaucracy by forcing them to convert to Zoroastrianism had resulted in a large-scale reb... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroz_I |
Al-Azhar Mosque | Napoleon invaded Egypt in July 1798, arriving in Alexandria on July 2 and moving on to Cairo on July 22. In a bid to placate both the Egyptian population and the Ottoman Empire, Napoleon gave a speech in Alexandria in which he proclaimed his respect for Islam and the Sultan:
People of Egypt, you will be told that I ha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Azhar_Mosque |
Arabs | Arabic science underwent considerable development during the Middle Ages (8th to 13th centuries CE), a source of knowledge that later spread throughout Medieval Europe and greatly influenced both medical practice and education. The language of recorded science was Arabic. Scientific treatises were composed by thinkers ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabs |
1982 Lebanon War | On 16 December 1982, the United Nations General Assembly condemned the Sabra and Shatila massacre and declared it to be an act of genocide.
The voting record on section D of Resolution 37/123, which "resolves that the massacre was an act of genocide", was: yes: 123; no: 0; abstentions: 22; non-voting: 12. The abstentio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War |
Babylonia | The Kassite dynasty was founded by Gandash of Mari. The Kassites, like the Amorite rulers who had preceded them, were not originally native to Mesopotamia. Rather, they had first appeared in the Zagros Mountains of what is today northwestern Iran.
The ethnic affiliation of the Kassites is unclear. Still, their language... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonia |
Tin-glazing | al-Saad, Z. 2002. Chemical composition and manufacturing technology of a collection of various types of Islamic glazes excavated from Jordan. Journal of Archaeological Science 29:803-810.
Allan, J. 1973. Abu'l-Qasim's treatise on ceramics. Iran 9:111-120.
Borgia, I., B. Brunettu, A. Sgamellontti, F. Shokouhi, P. Oliaiy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin-glazing |
Garlic | The scent of garlic is known to linger upon the human body and cause bad breath (halitosis) and body odor. This is caused by allyl methyl sulfide (AMS). AMS is a volatile liquid which is absorbed into the blood during the metabolism of garlic-derived sulfur compounds; from the blood it travels to the lungs (and from th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garlic |
Hell | In his Divina commedia (Divine Comedy), set in the year 1300, Dante Alighieri employed the concept of taking Virgil as his guide through Inferno (and then, in the second canticle, up the mountain of Purgatorio). Virgil himself is not condemned to hell proper in Dante's poem but is rather, as a virtuous pagan, confined ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hell |
Ibn Khaldun | Ibn Khaldun said of Egypt, "He who has not seen it does not know the power of Islam." While other Islamic regions had to cope with border wars and inner strife, Mamluk Egypt enjoyed prosperity and high culture. In 1384, the Egyptian Sultan, al-Malik udh-Dhahir Barquq, made Khaldun professor of the Qamhiyyah Madrasah an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun |
International propagation of Salafism | The Afghan jihad against the Soviet Army following the Soviet's December 1979 invasion of Kabul Afghanistan, has been called a "great cause with which Islamists worldwide identified," and the peak of Salafii-Islamist and Islamic Revivalist "collaboration and triumph.” The Saudis spent several billion dollars (along w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_propagation_of_Salafism |
Freya Stark | In the autumn of 1939 Stark offered her services to the British Ministry of Information. Her prior experience in the Middle East was sufficient for the Ministry to send her to Yemen to spread propaganda on the British cause. Part of her duties involved showing films, despite the rulers of Yemen being strict Muslims who... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freya_Stark |
East African campaign (World War II) | While Debre Markos and Addis Derra were being captured, other Ethiopian Patriots under Ras Abebe Aregai consolidated themselves around Addis Ababa in preparation for Emperor Selassie's return. In response to the rapidly advancing British and Commonwealth forces and to the general uprising of Ethiopian Patriots, the Ita... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II) |
Coffee | Originally, coffee was grown in the shade of trees that provided a habitat for many animals and insects. Remnant forest trees were used for this purpose, but many species have been planted as well. These include leguminous trees of the genera Acacia, Albizia, Cassia, Erythrina, Gliricidia, Inga, and Leucaena, as well a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee |
Tangier | From the 18th century, Tangier served as Morocco's diplomatic headquarters. The United States dedicated its first consulate in Tangier during the George Washington's tenure as president. In 1821, the Legation Building in Tangier became the first piece of property acquired abroad by the U.S. government—a gift to the U.S... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangier |
History of medicine | The Atharvaveda, a sacred text of Hinduism dating from the middle Vedic age (c. 1200–900 BCE), is one of the first Indian texts dealing with medicine. It is a text filled with magical charms, spells, and incantations used for various purposes, such as protection against demons, rekindling love, ensuring childbirth, and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_medicine |
Adal Sultanate | After the death of Imam Ahmad, the Adal Sultanate lost most of its territory in Abyssinian lands. In 1550 Nur ibn Mujahid became the Emir of Harar and the de facto ruler of Adal. He then departed on a jihad (holy war) to the eastern Ethiopian lowlands of Bale and Dawaro. This venture was unsuccessful, Nur was defeated ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adal_Sultanate |
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq | On 25 December 1979, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan. Following this invasion, Zia chaired a meeting and was asked by several cabinet members to refrain from interfering in the war, owing to the vastly superior military power of the USSR. Zia, however, was ideologically opposed to the idea of communism taking over... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq |
Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel | Over the course of 2011, 680 rockets, mortars and Grad missiles were fired from the Gaza Strip into Israel.
At the end of 2010, Palestinian Islamic Jihad said it and other Palestinians militant groups in the Gaza Strip would temporarily halt rocket attacks against Israel. On 7 January, it claimed responsibility for a m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel |
Economy of Dubai | Trade in gold grew during the 1940s due to Dubai's free trade policies that encouraged entrepreneurs from India and Iran to set up stores in the Dubai Gold Souk. Despite a general slump in the global gold market, Dubai's share of value of trade in gold and diamonds to its total non-oil direct trade increased from 18% i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Dubai |
History of Tunisia under French rule | The transportation system was developed by the construction of railroads and highways, as well as sea ports. Already by 1884 the Compagnie du Bône-Guelma had built a rail line running from Tunis west 1,600 km to Algiers, passing through the fertile Medjerda river valley near Beja and over the high tell. Eventually rail... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Tunisia_under_French_rule |
Islam in Sweden | Pre-Islamic Arabic coins originating from the Middle East have been found at Iron Age burial sites. Archaeological findings have also shown Viking contact with Islam dating back to the 7th–10th centuries, when the Vikings seem to have been trading with the medieval Islamic world, among others.
The Swedish census in 193... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Sweden |
Persian pottery | Susa was firmly within the Sumerian Uruk cultural sphere during the Uruk period. An imitation of the entire state apparatus of Uruk, proto-writing, cylinder seals with Sumerian motifs, and monumental architecture, is found at Susa. Susa may have been a colony of Uruk. As such, the periodization of Susa corresponds to U... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_pottery |
René Guénon | Guénon writes that while the knowledge of nirukta unveils inner meanings in Vedic sacred scriptures, in Islam, the science of letters is central in islamic esoterism, where exoterism and esoterism are often compared to the 'shell' (qishr) and the 'kernel' (lubb) or to the circonference and its center. On the subject of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Gu%C3%A9non |
Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan | Mohamed maintains a strong relationship with Russia and Vladimir Putin, and has brokered talks between Russia and the Trump administration. In 2016, Mohamed was found involved in the Russian meddling of the US presidential elections, where his adviser George Nader arranged a meeting for him and Saudi Crown Prince Moha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan |
Fatimid Caliphate | After al-Hakim's death his two designated heirs were killed, putting an end to his succession scheme, and his sister Sitt al-Mulk arranged to have his 15-year-old son Ali installed on the throne as al-Zahir. She served as his regent until her death in 1023, at which point an alliance of courtiers and officials ruled, w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate |
Islamic terrorism | In 2004, a forensic psychiatrist and former foreign service officer, Marc Sageman, made an "intensive study of biographical data on 172 participants in the jihad" in his book Understanding Terror Networks. He concluded social networks, the "tight bonds of family and friendship", rather than emotional and behavioral dis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_terrorism |
Palestine Liberation Organization | In the late 1960s, and especially after the expulsion of the Palestinian militants from Jordan in Black September events in 1970–1971, Lebanon had become the base for PLO operations. Palestinian militant organizations relocated their headquarters to South Lebanon, and relying on the support in Palestinian refugee camps... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization |
Oud | One theory is that the oud originated from the Persian instrument called a barbat (Persian: بربت ) or barbud, a lute indicated by Marcel-Dubois to be of Central Asian origin. The earliest pictorial image of the barbat dates back to the 1st century BC from ancient northern Bactria and is the oldest evidence of the exist... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oud |
List of Arabic-language television channels | Rotana Masriya
Rotana Cinema
Rotana Aflam
Rotana Khalaijia
Rotana Drama
Rotana Clip
Rotana Classic
Rotana Mousica
Rotana Kids
Rotana Comedy
Mekameleen TV
Misr El Balad
Misr El Balad 2
Al Masriya
Dream TV
El Mehwar
El Mehwar 2
El Mehwar Drama
CBC
CBC Two
CBC Drama
CBC + 2
CBC Sofra
CBC Extra
Al Hayat 1
Al Hayat 2
Al Hay... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Arabic-language_television_channels |
Mawlid | Taj al-Din al-Fakihani (d. 1331), an Egyptian Maliki, considered Mawlid to be a blameworthy innovation that was either makruh or haram. Al-Fakihani said that there was no basis of this in the Book of God, nor in the sunnah of Muhammad, and that there was no observance of it on authority of scholars of the umma. He said... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mawlid |
Rosetta Stone | Various ancient bilingual or even trilingual epigraphical documents have sometimes been described as "Rosetta stones", as they permitted the decipherment of ancient written scripts. For example, the bilingual Greek-Brahmi coins of the Greco-Bactrian king Agathocles have been described as "little Rosetta stones", allowi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosetta_Stone |
French Algeria | Pierre Deval and other French residents of Algiers left for France, while the Minister of War, Clermont-Tonnerre, proposed a military expedition. However, the Count of Villèle, an ultra-royalist, President of the council and the monarch's heir, opposed any military action. The Bourbon Restoration government finally dec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Algeria |
Arabic verbs | Doubly weak verbs have two "weak" radicals; a few verbs are also triply weak. Generally, the above rules for weak verbs apply in combination, as long as they do not conflict. The following are cases where two types of weaknesses apply in combination:
Verbs with a w in the first radical and a w or y in the third radica... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_verbs |
History of medieval Arabic and Western European domes | The Fatimids conquered Egypt from North Africa in 969 and established a new architectural style for their new Caliphate. Fatimid domes were either smooth or ribbed, hemispherical or stilted, and may or may not include a drum. When a drum was used, it was wider than the dome, octagonal, and part of a zone of transition.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_medieval_Arabic_and_Western_European_domes |
2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup | Australia were first awarded the tournament in February 2015, with New Zealand expected to co-host. It would have been the first time that Australia would host the ICC World Twenty20. The tournament was provisionally scheduled to be held from 18 October to 15 November 2020. Prior to the 2018 ICC Women's World Twenty20... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_ICC_Men%27s_T20_World_Cup |
Imamate in Ismaili doctrine | According to the early Ismāʿīlis, God sent Seven great prophets, known as nātiq "speakers", in order to disseminate and improve Islam. All of these great prophets has an assistant, the Sāmad (Silent) Imam. After six silent imams, a nātiq was sent to reinvigorate Islam. After Adam and his son Seth, and after six “Nātiq”... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imamate_in_Ismaili_doctrine |
Islamic art | The Seljuq Turks pushed beyond Iran into Anatolia, winning a victory over the Byzantine Empire in the Battle of Manzikert (1071), and setting up a sultanate independent of the Iranian branch of the dynasty. Their power seems largely to have waned following the Mongol invasions in 1243, but coins were struck under their... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_art |
Marsh Arabs | Pietro Della Valle (1586–1652) is cited in Gavin Young's Return to the Marshes as the earliest modern traveler to write about Mesopotamia and probably the first to introduce the word Madi, which he spelled "Maedi," to the Western world.
Young also mentions George Keppel, 6th Earl of Albemarle (1799–1891) as having spen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsh_Arabs |
Abu Tammam | Abu Tammam was born in Syria near Damascus in a small town called Jasim (in modern-day Syria), north-east of the Sea of Tiberias and close to Daraa. He was the son of a Christian named Thādhūs (Taddeo or Theodosius) who sold wine in Damascus. His early life is not well known. It is believed that Abu Tammam himself conv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Tammam |
Noah | The righteousness of Noah is the subject of much discussion among rabbis. The description of Noah as "righteous in his generation" implied to some that his perfection was only relative: In his generation of wicked people, he could be considered righteous, but in the generation of a tzadik like Abraham, he would not be ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noah |
Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula | As discussed above, much of the traditional narrative of the Conquest is more legend than reliable history. Some of the key events and the stories around them are outlined below.
710 – Tariq ibn Ziyad, a Berber mawla of Musa ibn Nusayr, lands with 400 men and 100 horses on the tiny peninsula now called Gibraltar (Jebe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula |
Saint Thomas Christians | Saint Thomas Christians still retain many of their ancient traditions and rituals, both in their social and religious life. Saint Thomas Christian services have many unique characteristics compared to others. Prior to the 1970s, the Nasrani Qurbana was completely sung in Syriac. Many of the tunes of the Saint Thomas Ch... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians |
Abyssinia Crisis | On 6 December 1934, Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia protested the Italian aggression at Walwal. On 8 December, Italy demanded an apology for Ethiopian aggression, and on 11 December, it followed up that demand with another for financial and strategic compensation.
On 3 January 1935, Ethiopia appealed to the League o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abyssinia_Crisis |
Badr Hari | Aside from the sport, he has been arrested multiple times since 2006 on various assault charges.
Hari has been the subject of a number of police investigations for charges of assault and has gained a reputation for violent behavior. A psychologist who spoke to Hari in relation to one of his trials concluded that his su... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badr_Hari |
West Bank areas in the Oslo II Accord | Area C, 99% of which is excluded from Palestinian use, contains most of the West Bank's natural resources and open spaces, access to which, according to the World Bank, would enable the Palestinians to halve their budget deficit and lead to an expansion of their economy by a third. According to Danny Rubinstein: "Much ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bank_areas_in_the_Oslo_II_Accord |
Iraq national football team | Currently, Iraq primarily play their home matches at Basra International Stadium, but have also used various other stadiums around Iraq. Since 1980, FIFA imposed bans on six occasions that prevented Iraq from hosting competitive international games.
The first ban was imposed in 1980 after an Olympic qualifying play-off... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_national_football_team |
History of Somalia | Between May 31 and June 9, 2008, representatives of Somalia's federal government and the moderate Alliance for the Re-liberation of Somalia (ARS) group of Islamist rebels participated in peace talks in Djibouti brokered by the former United Nations Special Envoy to Somalia, Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah. The conference ended w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Somalia |
Abu Bakar Ba'asyir | Abu Bakar Bashir has been described as the ideological godfather of Jemaah Islamiyah, even though no evidence has been made public that specifically implicates Bashir in terrorist attacks undertaken by the clandestine group. He has claimed that Jemaah Islamiyah doesn't exist and that the Central Intelligence Agency (CI... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakar_Ba%27asyir |
Pan Am Flight 103 | Until 2002, Libya had never formally admitted to carrying out the 1988 Lockerbie bombing. On 16 August 2003, Libya formally admitted responsibility for Pan Am Flight 103 in a letter presented to the president of the United Nations Security Council. Felicity Barringer of The New York Times said that the letter had "gene... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_Am_Flight_103 |
Mount Judi | The mountainous area that Mount Judi is part of, was known as Qardū (Syriac: ܩܪܕܘ) in Syriac texts, Gordyene by Greek and Roman writers, and Kordukh in Armenian.
Syriac, Islamic, and early Christian traditions identify Mount Judi or Qardu as a peak near or northeast of the town of Jazirat ibn 'Umar in (modern Cizre) U... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Judi |
Jenin | Jenin has been under Israeli occupation since the Six-Day War, in 1967.
On 14 May 1989, during the early months of the First Intifada. Mohammad Jibrin, aged 45, died in Ramallah Hospital after being beaten by Israeli soldiers in Jenin. Three months later, in response to a question from a member of Knesset Defence Minis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenin |
Mu'tazilism | Facing the problem of existence of evil in the world, the Mu'tazilis pointed at the free will of human beings, so that evil was defined as something that stems from the errors in human acts. God does nothing ultimately evil, and he demands not from any human to perform any evil act. If man's evil acts had been from the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%27tazilism |
Cairokee | Following the 2011 revolution, they released their first major hit "Sout El Horeya" (The voice of freedom), a joint collaboration between the band's main vocalist Amir Eid and music producer, sound engineer and vocalist Hany Adel of the band Wust El-Balad. The song had over 2 million views on YouTube and was reportedly... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairokee |
Abul A'la Maududi | Maududi believed that copying cultural practices of non-Muslims was forbidden in Islam, having
very disastrous consequences upon a nation; it destroys its inner vitality, blurs its vision, befogs its critical faculties, breeds inferiority complexes, and gradually but assuredly saps all the springs of culture and sound... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abul_A%27la_Maududi |
Great Mosque of Kairouan | In the prayer hall, the 414 columns of marble, granite or porphyry (among more than 500 columns in the whole mosque), taken from ancient sites in the country such as Sbeitla, Carthage, Hadrumetum and Chemtou, support the horseshoe arches. A legend says they could not count them without going blind. The capitals resting... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Kairouan |
Tayy | With the end of the Fatimid era in Syria and Palestine, descendants of Mufarrij entered the service of the Muslim states of the region, first with the cadet branches of the Seljuk Empire, beginning with the Burids of Damascus, then their Zengid successors, who came to rule all of Syria and Upper Mesopotamia. At times, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tayy |
Ayyubid dynasty | Although still nominally a vassal of Nur al-Din, Saladin adopted an increasingly independent foreign policy. This independence became more publicly pronounced after Nur al-Din's death in 1174. Thereafter, Saladin set out to conquer Syria from the Zengids; and on November 23 he was welcomed in Damascus by the governor o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty |
Vowel length | In non-Latin writing systems, a variety of mechanisms have also evolved.
In abjads derived from the Aramaic alphabet, notably Arabic and Hebrew, long vowels are written with consonant letters (mostly approximant consonant letters) in a process called mater lectionis e.g. in Modern Arabic the long vowel /aː/ is represe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel_length |
Victoria and Albert Museum | The costume collection is the most comprehensive in Britain, containing over 14,000 outfits plus accessories, mainly dating from 1600 to the present. Costume sketches, design notebooks, and other works on paper are typically held by the Word and Image department. Because everyday clothing from previous eras has not gen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum |
Eridu | Eridu is one of the earliest settlements in the region, founded c. 5400 BC during the early Ubaid period, at that time close to the Persian Gulf near the mouth of the Euphrates, although in modern times it is about 90 miles inland. Excavation has shown that the city was founded on a virgin sand dune site with no previo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eridu |
Court of the Lions | The overall form of the palace courtyard – an elongated rectangle with two halls facing each other at either end – is found in many earlier palaces in Al-Andalus, including other Nasrid palaces in the Alhambra (e.g. Comares Palace), and precedents for this type can be found as far back as the 10th century in Madinat al... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court_of_the_Lions |
Transhumance | Jammu and Kashmir in India has the world's highest transhumant population as per a survey conducted by a team led by Dr Shahid Iqbal Choudhary, IAS, Secretary to the Government of Jammu and Kashmir, Tribal Affairs Department. The 1st Survey of Transhumance in 2021 captured details of 6,12,000 members of ethnic tribal c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transhumance |
Phoneme | All known languages use only a small subset of the many possible sounds that the human speech organs can produce, and, because of allophony, the number of distinct phonemes will generally be smaller than the number of identifiably different sounds. Different languages vary considerably in the number of phonemes they ha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoneme |
History of writing | There is no very definite statement as to the material which was in most common use for the purposes of writing at the start of the early writing systems. In all ages it has been customary to engrave on stone or metal, or other durable material, with the view of securing the permanency of the record. Metals, such as st... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_writing |
Habr Awal | In the year 1955, Sultan Abdulrahman Garad Deria was a member of a 4 delegation team of politicians and Sultans to London, United Kingdom. Their goal was to petition and pressure the British Government in returning lost treaty territory known as the 'Haud Reserve Area' ceded to Ethiopian Empire during the Anglo Ethiopi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habr_Awal |
The Martian (film) | 20th Century Fox launched a viral marketing campaign for The Martian. On June 7, 2015, NASA astronaut Michael J. Massimino shared an in-universe video diary depicting Damon's character and the other crew members. Ars Technica compared the video diary to similar viral videos marketed for Scott's 2012 film Prometheus in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Martian_(film) |
Geography of Iraq | The Euphrates originates in Turkey, is augmented by the Balikh and Khabur rivers in Syria, and enters Iraq in the northwest. Here it is fed only by the wadis of the western desert during the winter rains. It then winds through a gorge, which varies from two to 16 kilometers in width, until it flows out on the plain at ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Iraq |
Vicia faba | In ancient Greece and Rome, beans were used in voting; a white bean was used to cast a yes vote, and a black bean for no. Even today, the word koukia (κουκιά) is used unofficially, referring to the votes. Beans were used as a food for the dead, such as during the annual Lemuria festival.
The ancient Roman family name F... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicia_faba |
Usama ibn Munqidh | Usama went to Homs, where he was taken captive in a battle against Zengi, the atabeg of Mosul and Aleppo, who had just captured nearby Hama. After his capture he entered Zengi's service, and travelled throughout northern Syria, Iraq, and Armenia fighting against Zengi's enemies, including the Abbasid caliph outside Bag... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usama_ibn_Munqidh |
Slavery | In the earliest known records, slavery is treated as an established institution. The Code of Hammurabi (c. 1760 BC), for example, prescribed death for anyone who helped a slave escape or who sheltered a fugitive. The Bible mentions slavery as an established institution. Slavery existed in Pharaonic Egypt, but studying ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery |
Sack of Mecca | The sack of Mecca and the desecration of the most holy Muslim sites caused immense shock and outrage in the Muslim world, and exposed the weakness of the Abbasid government. Both the Abbasids and the Fatimid caliph, Abdallah al-Mahdi, sent letters to Abu Tahir in reproach, and urged the immediate return of the Black St... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Mecca |
Slavery in Yemen | The Red Sea slave trade appears to have been established at least in the 1st-century, when enslaved Africans from the Horn of Africa were trafficked across the Red Sea to Arabia and Yemen.
In the Middle Ages, the majority of slaves appeared to have been of African origin, but there were also enslaved people of other o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_Yemen |
Libyan Air Force | During the months following the 1969 coup d'état, Libya distanced itself from the United Kingdom and the United States. Nevertheless, in 1971, eight C-130Hs were delivered by the United States. Instead, close ties were developed with France. Accordingly, an order for 110 Dassault Mirage 5s, twelve Fouga Magisters, ten ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_Air_Force |
Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia | A thriving community of Jewish tribes existed in pre-Islamic Arabia and included both sedentary and nomadic communities. Jews had migrated into Arabia from Roman times onwards. Arabian Jews spoke Arabic as well as Hebrew and Aramaic and had contact with Jewish religious centers in Babylonia and Palestine. The Yemeni Hi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia |
Cinema of Sudan | Sudan saw some of the earliest filmmaking in Africa to take place in the British Empire: John Benett-Stanford, a soldier turned war correspondent, shot footage of British troops in 1897, just before the Battle of Omdurman. This short and silent film was projected and sold in Britain under the title Alarming the Queen's... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_of_Sudan |
Kingdom of Jerusalem | The Ayyubids were still divided between Ayyub in Egypt, Isma'il in Damascus, and Dawud in Kerak. Isma'il, Dawud, and al-Mansur Ibrahim of Homs went to war with Ayyub, who hired the Khwarazmians to fight for him. The Khwarazmians were nomadic Turks from central Asia, who had recently been displaced by the Mongols furthe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem |
Savanna | Many grassy landscapes and mixed communities of trees, shrubs, and grasses were described as savanna before the middle of the 19th century, when the concept of a tropical savanna climate became established. The Köppen climate classification system was strongly influenced by effects of temperature and precipitation upon... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savanna |
Hejazi Arabic | Hejazi Arabic does not employ double negation, nor does it append the negation particles -sh to negate verbs: Hejazi ما أَعْرِف /maː aʕrif/ ("I don't know"), as opposed to Egyptian معرفش /maʕrafʃ/ and Palestinian بعرفش /baʕrafiʃ/.
The habitual present tense is not marked by any prefixes as in يِدْرُس /jidrus/ ("he stud... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hejazi_Arabic |
Pepi I Meryre | The length of Pepi I's reign remains somewhat uncertain, although as of 2021, the consensus is that he ruled over Egypt for over 40 years, possibly 49 or 50 years and possibly longer.
During the Old Kingdom period, the Egyptians counted years from the beginning of the reign of the current king. These years were referre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepi_I_Meryre |
Palestinian territories | The international community regards the Palestinian territories, meaning the West Bank including East Jerusalem and the Gaza Strip, as territories occupied by Israel. Israel has withdrawn its military forces from the Gaza strip, but it continues to be designated the occupying power in the Gaza Strip by the United Natio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_territories |
Pre-Islamic Arabia | The history of Pre-Islamic Arabia before the rise of Islam in the 610s is not known in great detail. Archaeological exploration in the Arabian peninsula has been sparse; indigenous written sources are limited to the many inscriptions and coins from southern Arabia. Existing material consists primarily of written source... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Islamic_Arabia |
Ptolemaic Kingdom | The Ptolemaic Kingdom was considered a major naval power in the eastern Mediterranean. Some modern historians characterize Egypt during this period as a thalassocracy, owing to its innovation of "traditional styles of Mediterranean sea power", which allowed its rulers to "exert power and influence in unprecedented ways... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom |
Somalia | Islam was introduced to the area early on by the first Muslims of Mecca fleeing prosecution during the first Hejira with Masjid al-Qiblatayn in Zeila being built before the Qiblah towards Mecca. It is one of the oldest mosques in Africa. In the late 9th century, Al-Yaqubi wrote that Muslims were living along the northe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia |
Lebanon | Following the end of World War II in Europe the French mandate may be said to have been terminated without any formal action on the part of the League of Nations or its successor the United Nations. The mandate was ended by the declaration of the mandatory power, and of the new states themselves, of their independence,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon |
Susa | Although numerous excavation reports have been published so far, many excavations are not or only partially published. Above all, the found architecture was often presented only in short preliminary reports and plans.
Pierre Amiet, "Glyptique susienne des origines à l'époque des Perses achéménides: cachets, sceaux-cyl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susa |
Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement | As early as 1971, the year in which the UAE became an independent country, the first president of the UAE Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan had referred to Israel as "the enemy". The UAE and the United States had a strategic relationship since the 1990 Gulf War, growing to a significant US Air Force presence at Al Dhaf... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_normalization_agreement |
Abdel Fattah el-Sisi | The anti-Morsi demonstrators on the streets welcomed el-Sisi's announcement of the overthrow of Morsi with celebrations and carried posters of el-Sisi, chanting "The Army and the People are one hand" and supporting General el-Sisi. On social networks, thousands of Egyptians changed their profile pictures to pictures of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi |
North Africa | Due to the recent African origin of modern humans, the history of Prehistoric North Africa is important to the understanding of pre-hominid and early modern human history in Africa.
Some researchers have postulated that North Africa rather than East Africa served as the exit point for the modern humans who first trekke... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Africa |
Habis Majali | Majali joined Jordan's Arab Legion in 1932, soon impressing Glubb Pasha. Although he acquired modern skills, Majali maintained his Bedouin élan. King Hussein's biographer, James Lunt, dubbed Majali the grand seigneur of Karak and beau sabreur of the army.
Habis Pasha was the only Arab commander to win military victorie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habis_Majali |
Hejaz railway | Some of the stations were located near the traditional Hajj caravan stations, where the Ottomans had built fortified inns (see Ottoman Hajj route).
The Arabic word for station is "mahattat". The Ottoman- and interwar-period spelling tends to be simpler than the current official ones.
Pre-WWI, the Ottomans used French s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hejaz_railway |
Ayyubid dynasty | Military architecture was the supreme expression of the Ayyubid period, as well as an eagerness to fortify the restoration of Sunni Islam, especially in a previously Shia-dominated Egypt by constructing Sunni madrasas. The most radical change Saladin implemented in Egypt was the enclosure of Cairo and al-Fustat within ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.