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Sargonid dynasty | The term used for the queen in the Neo-Assyrian Empire was issi ekalli (or in its abbreviated form, sēgallu), literally meaning "woman of the palace". The feminine form of the title of king (šar or šarru) was šarratu, but this was not used for the consort of the king and was only applied to goddesses and to queens who ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sargonid_dynasty |
East African campaign (World War II) | Anglo-Egyptian Sudan shared a 1,000 mi (1,600 km) border with the AOI and on 4 July 1940, was invaded by an Italian force of about 6,500 men from Eritrea, which advanced on a railway junction at Kassala. The Italians forced the British garrison of 320 men of the SDF and some local police to retire after inflicting casu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II) |
Islam in Albania | Within the Balkans apart from the ethno-linguistic component of Albanian identity, Albania's Orthodox neighbours also view it through religious terms. They refer to Albanians as a Muslim nation and as Muslim fundamentalists, which has placed the secular part of Albanian identity under strain.
Among Albanian intellectua... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Albania |
Emesene dynasty | After the death of Sampsiceramus II, his first son Azizus succeeded him. He reigned from 42 until 54. Little is known of the reign of Azizus, except for his childless marriage to the Herodian Princess Drusilla. Azizus married Drusilla in 53, on the condition that he was to be circumcised. She was briefly married to Azi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emesene_dynasty |
Mandatory Palestine | Under the British Mandate, the office of "Mufti of Jerusalem", traditionally limited in authority and geographical scope, was refashioned into that of "Grand Mufti of Palestine". Furthermore, a Supreme Muslim Council (SMC) was established and given various duties, such as the administration of religious endowments and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine |
Fatimid Caliphate | After al-Hakim's death his two designated heirs were killed, putting an end to his succession scheme, and his sister Sitt al-Mulk arranged to have his 15-year-old son Ali installed on the throne as al-Zahir. She served as his regent until her death in 1023, at which point an alliance of courtiers and officials ruled, w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate |
Music of Sudan | Since producing music in recording studios, using modern instruments and digital media, has become available in Sudan, growing numbers of people are listening to private (online) radio stations like Capital Radio 91.6 FM or are watching music videos. As in other countries with restrictions of freedom of expression, the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Sudan |
Middle Ages | Charlemagne continued the Frankish tradition of dividing his empire between his sons, but only one son – Louis the Pious (r. 814–40) – was still alive by 813. Louis's reign was marked by divisions of the empire among his sons and civil wars between various alliances of father and sons. Three years after his death, his ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ages |
Health in Sudan | The health services provided in Sudan follow the classical three basic arrangements: primary, secondary, and tertiary health care. The primary health care is the first encounter for the patients and includes, as mentioned by the organizations, the dressing stations, dispensaries, primary health care units and health ce... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_in_Sudan |
Mehmed II | Skanderbeg, a member of the Albanian nobility and a former member of the Ottoman ruling elite, led a rebellion against the expansion of the Ottoman Empire into Europe. Skanderbeg, son of Gjon Kastrioti (who had joined the unsuccessful Albanian revolt of 1432–1436), united the Albanian principalities in a military and d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmed_II |
Fez, Morocco | In the 16th century the Saadis, a dynasty claiming prophetic heritage, rose to power in southern Morocco and challenged the Wattasids. Around the same time, the Ottoman Empire came close to Fez after its conquest of Algeria. In January 1549, the Saadi sultan Mohammed ash-Sheikh took Fez and ousted the last Wattasid sul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fez,_Morocco |
Criticism of monarchy | Aristotle taught that monarchy was only suitable for populations that lacked the ability to govern themselves, and believed that power ought to be shared within populations generally made up of equals. He also felt that it was easier to corrupt one individual than a multitude. Aristotle further criticized monarchies ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_monarchy |
Granada War | Concerning the real strength of the armies involved, according to original sources the Castilian armies reached between 50,000 and 70,000 soldiers the years of the greatest military effort (1482, 1483, 1486, 1487, 1489 and 1491), or 10,000 to 29,000 in the quieter ones (1484, 1485, 1488, and 1490), strength which is ac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granada_War |
Al Jazeera controversies and criticism | Al Jazeera was founded in 1996 as part of Qatari efforts to turn economic power into political influence in the Arab world and beyond, and continues to receive political and financial backing from the government of Qatar. As a result, Al Jazeera has been criticized for being Qatari state media. In 2010, U.S. State Depa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera_controversies_and_criticism |
Sangam literature | The Sangam literature is the historic evidence of indigenous literary developments in South India in parallel to Sanskrit, and the classical status of the Tamil language. While there is no evidence for the first and second mythical Sangams, the surviving literature attests to a group of scholars centered around the anc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangam_literature |
Spherical trigonometry | A quadrantal spherical triangle is defined to be a spherical triangle in which one of the sides subtends an angle of π/2 radians at the centre of the sphere: on the unit sphere the side has length π/2. In the case that the side c has length π/2 on the unit sphere the equations governing the remaining sides and angles... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_trigonometry |
Hispano-Moresque ware | Much, in Valencia most, of the pottery was clearly made for a Christian market, as it includes coats of arms and other Western elements in the decoration. As well as the Christian IHS monogram in the centre, the naturalistic vine-leaf decoration of the dish shown at top is derived from Gothic art, probably via the bord... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispano-Moresque_ware |
Politics of Egypt | The position was created after the Egyptian Revolution of 1952; Mohammed Naguib was the first to hold the position. Before 2005, the Parliament chose a candidate for the presidency and the people voted, in a referendum, whether or not they approved the proposed candidate for president. After the Egyptian Revolution of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Egypt |
Basra | In March through to May 2003, the outskirts of Basra were the scene of some of the heaviest fighting in the beginning of the Iraq War in 2003. British forces, led by the 7th Armoured Brigade, captured the city on 6 April 2003. This city was the first stop for the United States and the United Kingdom during the invasio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basra |
Yemeni civil war (2014–present) | Armed Houthis ransacked Al Jazeera's news bureau in Sanaʽa on 27 March 2015, amid Qatar's participation in the military intervention against the group. The Qatar-based news channel condemned the attack on its bureau. On 28 March, Ali Abdullah Saleh stated neither he nor anyone in his family would run for president, des... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present) |
Maghrebi Arabs | During the rule of the Abbasid Caliphate, there was a great influx of Khurasani Arabs from Iraq to the Maghreb. These were mostly North Arabian tribes, among them was the Najdi tribe of Banu Tamim. This shifted the tribal balance of Ifriqiya in favor of the North Arabian Adnanite tribes who became the majority, to the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghrebi_Arabs |
Emerald Tablet | From the late 16th century onwards, the Emerald Tablet is often accompanied by a symbolic figure called the Tabula Smaragdina Hermetis.
This figure is surrounded by an acrostic in Latin: Visita interiora terrae rectificando invenies occultum lapidem, lit. 'visit the interior of the earth and by rectifying you will find... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerald_Tablet |
Nja Mahdaoui | Mahdaoui began his career as an abstract painter in the 1960s, then continued by experimenting with Arabic calligraphy.
Mahdaoui has tried various traditional and experimental media. He produced his first paintings on parchment in 1972, he became interested in weaving and carpet production in 1979 and he began to paint... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nja_Mahdaoui |
Victoria and Albert Museum | The museum houses the National Art Library, a public library containing over 750,000 books, photographs, drawings, paintings, and prints. It is one of the world's largest libraries dedicated to the study of fine and decorative arts. The library covers all areas and periods of the museum's collections with special colle... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum |
Rashtrakutas | The Rashtrakuta kings supported the popular religions of the day in the traditional spirit of religious tolerance. Scholars have offered various arguments regarding which specific religion the Rashtrakutas favoured, basing their evidence on inscriptions, coins and contemporary literature. Some claim the Rashtrakutas we... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashtrakutas |
2012 Benghazi attack | There were ten investigations into the Benghazi matter: one by the FBI; one by an independent board commissioned by the State Department; two by Democrat-controlled Senate Committees; and six by Republican-controlled House Committees. After the first five Republican investigations found no evidence of wrongdoing by sen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Benghazi_attack |
Mu'awiya I | There is little information in the early Muslim sources about Mu'awiya's rule in Syria, the center of his caliphate. He established his court in Damascus and moved the caliphal treasury there from Kufa. He relied on his Syrian tribal soldiery, numbering about 100,000 men, increasing their pay at the expense of the Iraq... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%27awiya_I |
List of kingdoms in Africa throughout history | Historian Jan Vansina (1962) discusses the classification of Sub–Saharan African Kingdoms, mostly of Central, South and East Africa, with some additional data on West African (Sahelian) Kingdoms distinguishing five types, by decreasing centralization of power:
Despotic Kingdoms (D): Kingdoms where the king controlled ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_kingdoms_in_Africa_throughout_history |
Circassian genocide | In 1862, the Circassians sent a delegation of leaders to major cities in Britain, which had been covertly helping the Circassians with tactics and with organizing their resistance, visiting major English and Scottish cities including London, Manchester, Edinburgh and Dundee to advocate for their cause. The visits cause... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circassian_genocide |
Nastaliq | The name Nastaliq "is a contraction of the Persian naskh-i ta'liq (Persian: نَسْخِ تَعلیق), meaning a hanging or suspended naskh." Virtually all Safavid authors (like Dust Muhammad or Qadi Ahmad) attributed the invention of nastaliq to Mir Ali Tabrizi, who lived at the end of the 14th and the beginning of the 15th cent... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nastaliq |
Ghurid dynasty | A certain Ghurid prince named Amir Banji was the ruler of Ghor and ancestor of the medieval Ghurid rulers. His rule was legitimized by the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid.
Before the mid-12th century, the Ghurids had been bound to the Ghaznavids and Seljuks for about 150 years. Beginning in the mid-12th century, Ghor ex... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghurid_dynasty |
History of medieval Arabic and Western European domes | The Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, the earliest surviving Islamic building, was completed in 691 by Umayyad caliph Abd Al-Malik. Its design was that of a ciborium, or reliquary, such as those common to Byzantine martyria and the major Christian churches of the city. The rotunda of the nearby Church of the Holy Sepulchr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_medieval_Arabic_and_Western_European_domes |
Islamic marital practices | In Islam, polygyny is allowed with certain restrictions; polyandry is not. The Quran directly addresses the matter of polygyny in Chapter 4 Verse 3: "...Marry of the women that you please: two, three, or four. But if you feel that you should not be able to deal justly, then only one or what your right hand possesses. T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_marital_practices |
Refugees of Iraq | In early February 2007 the United States and the United Nations developed a plan to resettle several thousand refugees in the United States. In an initial step, refugees would apply for applicant status. The US aimed to settle at least 5,000 refugees in the US by the end of 2007. Kristele Younes of Refugees Internation... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugees_of_Iraq |
Turkish language | Modern standard Turkish is based on the dialect of Istanbul. This Istanbul Turkish (İstanbul Türkçesi) constitutes the model of written and spoken Turkish, as recommended by Ziya Gökalp, Ömer Seyfettin and others.
Dialectal variation persists, in spite of the levelling influence of the standard used in mass media and i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_language |
Al-Awasim | By the 9th century, the Arab raiding expeditions launched against Byzantium from the frontier zone had gradually assumed an almost ritual character and were strictly organized. According to Qudama ibn Ja'far, the conventional pattern of Arab incursions included a first expedition in spring (10 May–10 June), when horses... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Awasim |
Zawiya (institution) | The zawiya as an institution pre-dates the arrival of formal tariqas in North Africa and traces its origins to the qubba tombs which sometimes acted as shrines and to the early ribats on the frontier of the Islamic world to which holy men sometimes retired with their followers. The first zawiya buildings in Ifriqiya (p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zawiya_(institution) |
Fatima | Umar has been noted for his severity and misogyny, especially in Shia sources. "Umar's toughness" (shidda) is cited in a Sunni tradition by Aisha as the reason Umar was excluded from a supposed attempt at reconciliation between Ali and Abu Bakr. Kelen describes an incident of Umar's violence against his sister when she... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatima |
Rashid Rida | By the 1912 general elections, CUP was the dominant power in the Ottoman Empire and had strong allyships with conservative scholars. CUP maintained its power in the election and Salafi persecution began again, this time on a larger scale. Rida and his disciples were accused of plotting secession and seeking an Arab cal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashid_Rida |
Religion | The concept of religion originated in the modern era in the West. Parallel concepts are not found in many current and past cultures; there is no equivalent term for religion in many languages. Scholars have found it difficult to develop a consistent definition, with some giving up on the possibility of a definition. Ot... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion |
Tangier | Tangier is Morocco's second most important industrial centre after Casablanca. The industrial sectors are diversified: textile, chemical, mechanical, metallurgical and naval. Currently, the city has four industrial parks of which two have the status of free economic zone (see Tangier Free Zone).
Tangier's economy relie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangier |
Salihids | The precise period in which the Salihids, or more specifically, their Zokomid ruling house, dominated the Arab foederati of the Byzantine Empire is not ascertainable. According to historian Warwick Ball, the Salihids became Byzantium's chief Arab ally by the end of the 4th century following the decline of the Tanukhids... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salihids |
Mogadishu | During the post-independence period, Mogadishu International Airport offered flights to numerous global destinations. In the mid-1960s, the airport was enlarged to accommodate more international carriers, with the state-owned Somali Airlines providing regular trips to many major cities. By 1969, the airport's many land... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogadishu |
Conquest of Tunis (1574) | In 1574, William of Orange and Charles IX of France, through his pro-Huguenot ambassador François de Noailles, Bishop of Dax, tried to obtain the support of the Ottoman ruler Selim II in order to open a new front against the Spanish king Philip II. Selim II sent his support through a messenger, who endeavoured to put t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conquest_of_Tunis_(1574) |
National Oil Corporation | Libya's isolation became even more pronounced following the 1992 imposition of United Nations sanctions designed to force Gaddafi to hand over two suspects indicted for the 1988 bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland. The sanctions, imposed on 31 March 1992, initially banned sales of equipment for refini... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Oil_Corporation |
Sufism | The current consensus is that Sufism emerged in the Hejaz, present day Saudi Arabia and that it has existed as a practice of Muslims from the earliest days of Islam, even predating some sectarian divides.
Sufi orders are based on the bayah (Arabic: بَيْعَة, lit. 'pledge') that was given to Muhammad by his Ṣahabah. By p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufism |
Alavi Bohras | سلام – Salaam – Salutation, Safety, Greeting, Peace or Respect of a person with Spiritual status or a general believer of Da'wat ul-Haqq (mission of truth). It is one of the beautiful attributes of Allah the Almighty. This term is used 19 times in the Qur'an and it is equal to the letters if "Bismillaah ir Rahman ir ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alavi_Bohras |
Saint Thomas Christians | As the community grew and immigration by East Syriac Christians increased, the connection with the Church of the East, centred in the Persian capital of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, strengthened. From the early 4th century the Patriarch of the Church of the East provided India with clergy, holy texts, and ecclesiastical infrast... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians |
Ahmad Sirhindi | Annemarie Schimmel (2004). K. Waghmar, Burzine (ed.). The Empire of the Great Mughals: History, Art and Culture (illustrated, reprint, revised ed.). Reaktion Books. ISBN 1861891857. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
Dr. Burhan Ahmad Faruqi, Mujaddid’s Conception of Tawhid, 1940
Shari'at and Ulama in Ahmad Sirhindi's Collected Le... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Sirhindi |
Shilha language | Agrour, R. (2012). "A contribution to the study of an itinerant word: Chleuh". Cahiers d'études africaines. 208 (4): i–xliii.
Amard, P. (1997). Textes berbères des Aït Ouaouzguite. Edités et annotés par Harry Stroomer. Aix-en-Provence: Edisud. ISBN 2-85744-960-7.
Amarīr, ʿU. (1987). al-Shiʿr al-āmāzīghī al-mansūb ilā S... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shilha_language |
Piracy off the coast of Somalia | On 8 April 2009, four Somali pirates seized MV Maersk Alabama 240 nautical miles (440 km; 280 mi) southeast of the Somalia port city of Eyl. The ship was carrying 17,000 tonnes of cargo, of which 5,000 tonnes were relief supplies bound for Somalia, Uganda, and Kenya. On 12 April 2009, U.S. Navy SEAL snipers killed the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piracy_off_the_coast_of_Somalia |
Monsoon | Strengthening of the Asian monsoon has been linked to the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau after the collision of the Indian subcontinent and Asia around 50 million years ago. Because of studies of records from the Arabian Sea and that of the wind-blown dust in the Loess Plateau of China, many geologists believe the monso... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsoon |
Antisemitism | Between 1900 and 1924, approximately 1.75 million Jews migrated to America, the bulk from Eastern Europe escaping the pogroms. This increase, combined with the upward social mobility of some Jews, contributed to a resurgence of antisemitism. In the first half of the 20th century, in the US, Jews were discriminated agai... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisemitism |
Ali al-Hadi | In Twelver Shia, al-Hadi is considered knowledgeable in the languages of the Persians, Slavs, Indians, and Nabataeans. Similarly, al-Tabarsi writes that al-Hadi was articulate in seventy-three languages, probably in reference to the hadith, attributed to Muhammad, that his community would be split to seventy-three grou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_al-Hadi |
Elissa (singer) | After renewing her contract with label Music Master, Elissa's third studio album Ayshalak was released on 14 June 2002 to huge commercial success and is known as her breakthrough. The album topped Arab music charts for numerous weeks and later sold 2.9 million copies. It was additionally the best selling cassette album... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elissa_(singer) |
Scribe | The earliest known examples of writing in China are a body of inscriptions made on bronze vessels and oracle bones during the late Shang dynasty (c. 1250 – 1050 BCE), with the very oldest dated to c. 1200 BCE.: 108 It was originally used for divination, with characters etched onto turtle shells to interpret cracks cau... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scribe |
Sharia | A 2013 survey based on interviews of 38,000 Muslims, randomly selected from urban and rural parts in 39 countries using area probability designs, by the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life found that a majority—in some cases "overwhelming" majority—of Muslims in a number of countries support making "Sharia" or "Islam... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharia |
Philosophy | Philosophy is closely related to many other fields. It is sometimes understood as a metadiscipline that clarifies their nature and limits. It does this by critically examining their basic concepts, background assumptions, and methods. In this regard, it plays a key role in providing an interdisciplinary perspective. It... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy |
Visual art of Singapore | The earliest visual records of Singapore as a British settlement are 19th century images produced for marine coastal surveying. One of the earliest is Singapore from the Rocky Point, 1819, a wash drawing by John Michael Houghton, a midshipman on board the HMS Discovery, part of the naval escort accompanying Raffles on ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_art_of_Singapore |
Banu Kalb | The Ridda wars were largely concluded by 633 and the caliph (successor of Muhammad as leader of the Muslims) Abu Bakr launched the Muslim conquest of Byzantine Syria in late 633 or early 634. Despite their historical ties with Byzantium, Kalbite tribesmen remained largely neutral during the conquest. At least some Kalb... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banu_Kalb |
4.2-kiloyear event | The south-central Levant experienced two phases of dry climate punctuated by a wet interval in between and thus the 4.2 ka event in the region has been termed a W-shaped event.
Enhanced dust flux coeval with δ18O peaks is recorded in Mesopotamia from 4260 to 3970 BP, reflecting intense aridity. The aridification of Mes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4.2-kiloyear_event |
Simeon I of Bulgaria | The death of Leo VI on 11 May 912 and the accession of his infant son Constantine VII under the guidance of Leo's brother Alexander, who expelled Leo's wife Zoe from the palace, constituted a great opportunity for Simeon to attempt another campaign against Constantinople, the conquest of which remained the dream of his... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simeon_I_of_Bulgaria |
Marinid Sultanate | The Marinids were eager patrons of Islamic scholarship and intellectual culture. It was in this period that the Qarawiyyin, the main center of learning in Fes, reached its apogee in terms of prestige, patronage, and intellectual scope.: 141 Additionally, the Marinids were prolific builders of madrasas, a type of insti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marinid_Sultanate |
Madrasa | In Syria and the surrounding region, the earliest madrasas were often relatively small buildings, the earliest example of which is one in Bosra founded in 1136–37. Madrasa architecture in this region appears to have evolved out of Seljuk prototypes. Another early important example is the Madrasa of Nur al-Din from 1167... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrasa |
Fez, Morocco | There are numerous historic mosques in the medina, some of which are part of a madrasa or zawiya. Among the oldest still standing today are the Mosque of al-Qarawiyyin, founded in 857 and subsequently expanded, the Mosque of the Andalusians founded in 859–860,: 7 the Bou Jeloud Mosque from the late 12th century, and p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fez,_Morocco |
Perennial philosophy | The idea of a perennial philosophy, sometimes called perennialism, is a key area of debate in the academic discussion of mystical experience. Huston Smith notes that the Traditionalist School's vision of a perennial philosophy is not based on mystical experiences, but on metaphysical intuitions. The discussion of mysti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perennial_philosophy |
Science | At the start of the Age of Enlightenment, Isaac Newton formed the foundation of classical mechanics by his Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, greatly influencing future physicists. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz incorporated terms from Aristotelian physics, now used in a new non-teleological way. This implied a sh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science |
Six-Day War | Following the war, Israel made an offer for peace that included the return of most of the recently captured territories. According to Chaim Herzog:
On June 19, 1967, the National Unity Government [of Israel] voted unanimously to return the Sinai to Egypt and the Golan Heights to Syria in return for peace agreements. T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-Day_War |
Egyptian mythology | Like myths in many other cultures, Egyptian myths serve to justify human traditions and to address fundamental questions about the world, such as the nature of disorder and the ultimate fate of the universe. The Egyptians explained these profound issues through statements about the gods.
Egyptian deities represent natu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_mythology |
Timurid architecture | Timur's successors also built extensively, although on a somewhat smaller scale. Under Timur's son and successor, Shah Rukh (r. 1405–1447), the capital was moved from Samarkand to Herat (present-day Afghanistan), He revived the city by rebuilding its bazaar, renovating its citadel, and building a madrasa combined with ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timurid_architecture |
Yazidis | Yezidis are mentioned in Van Tarihi, a 1715/1716 account by the local imam of the Van city, Ibn-i Nuh, which was about the history of Van. The report describes an Ottoman attack on the Yezidis of Van which took place in 1715. It addresses Yezidi victory during the first waves of attacks and Yezidis capturing the Pasha ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yazidis |
Palestine national football team | The Palestinian Football Association faces problems in training and playing due to the Israeli conflict with the Palestinians.
Because of travel restrictions placed by Israel upon people in the West Bank and Gaza Strip and the difficulty in obtaining an exit visa from Israel, many players in the team are drawn from the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_national_football_team |
Ptolemy II Philadelphus | Throughout the early period of Ptolemy II's reign, Egypt was the preeminent naval power in the eastern Mediterranean. The Ptolemaic sphere of power extended over the Cyclades to Samothrace in the northern Aegean. Ptolemaic naval forces even entered the Black Sea, waging a campaign in support of the free city of Byzanti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy_II_Philadelphus |
Ulama | In 1912, the Muhammadiyah organization was founded in Yogyakarta (in modern-day Indonesia), which, together with Nahdlatul Ulama ("Reawakening of the ulama"), founded in 1926, form the two largest Muslim organizations in the world. Since the 1930s, their religious boarding schools (pesantren) also taught mathematics, n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulama |
Ancient Mediterranean piracy | Histories of the early Mediterranean include many references to piracy and measures taken to deal with it. It has been suggested that Pirate Articles, which structured the pirate company democratically, were "derived from ancient seafaring traditions" and originated sometime during the period. Egypt is the primary sour... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Mediterranean_piracy |
Isaaq genocide | The Isaaq clan was not the only target of violence. Many other Somali communities, such as the Umar Mahmud sub-lineage of Majeerteen also became the victims of the violence and war. A US Country Study handbook describes the Barre regime retaliation against the Umar Mahmud following a failed coup attempt in 1978 which r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaaq_genocide |
Somali Armed Forces | Just prior to independence in 1960, the Trust Territory of Somalia established a national army to defend the nascent Somali Republic's borders. A law to that effect was passed on 6 April 1960. Thus the Somali Police Force's Mobile Group (Darawishta Poliska or Darawishta) was formed. 12 April 1960 has since been marked ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_Armed_Forces |
Ptolemy III Euergetes | Ptolemy III built on the efforts of his predecessors to conform to the traditional model of the Egyptian pharaoh. He was responsible for the first known example of a series of decrees published as trilingual inscriptions on massive stone blocks in Ancient Greek, Egyptian hieroglyphs, and demotic. Earlier decrees, like ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy_III_Euergetes |
Terrorism in Syria | The Syrian government itself has been accused of engaging in state sponsored terrorism by President George W. Bush and by the U.S. State Department from 1979 to today. The European Community met on 10 November 1986 to discuss the Hindawi affair, an attempt to bomb an El Al flight out of London, and the subsequent arres... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism_in_Syria |
Pompey's campaign against the pirates | Plutarch recounts that the pirate ships had certainly reached over 1,000 by the end of the First Mithridatic War and had sacked/occupied at least 400 cities. Below is how Appian describes them:
In the beginning [the pirates] roamed around with a couple of small boats, worrying the inhabitants of the area as [they were... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pompey%27s_campaign_against_the_pirates |
Protocol on Economic Relations | Originally, the Paris Protocol was to remain in force for an interim period of five years. As of 2016, however, the Protocol was still applicable. The limited time the agreement was supposed to be operative helped encourage Palestinian negotiators to sign it, to be the first step to make progress. More importantly, Isr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_on_Economic_Relations |
Precolonial Mauritania | By the 11th century, traditional religious practices thrived. The conquest of the entire west Saharan region by the Almoravids in the 11th century made possible a more orthodox Islamization of all the peoples of Mauritania.
The breakup of the Sanhadja Confederation in the early 11th century led to a period of unrest an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precolonial_Mauritania |
Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war | Saudi-backed Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi, running unopposed as the only candidate for president, won the 2012 Yemeni elections. Since August 2014, the Houthis (or Ansar Allah), a Zaidi Shia movement and militant group backed by Iran, dissatisfied with Hadi government's decisions and the new constitution, arranged mass protes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi-led_intervention_in_the_Yemeni_civil_war |
Dido | Virgil's references in the Aeneid generally agree with what Justin's epitome of Trogus recorded. Virgil names Belus as Dido's father, this Belus sometimes being called Belus II by later commentators to distinguish him from Belus son of Poseidon and Libya in earlier Greek mythology. Classicist T. T. Duke suggests that t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dido |
Islam in Romania | In the two Danubian Principalities, Ottoman suzerainty had an overall reduced impact on the local population, and the impact of Islam was itself much reduced. Wallachia and Moldavia enjoyed a large degree of autonomy, and their history was punctuated by episodes of revolt and momentary independence. After 1417, when Ot... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Romania |
Sharia | Fiqh is concerned with ethical standards as much as with legal norms, seeking to establish not only what is and is not legal, but also what is morally right and wrong. Sharia rulings fall into one of five categories known as "the five decisions" (al-aḥkām al-khamsa): mandatory (farḍ or wājib), recommended (mandūb or mu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharia |
Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine and Sciences | Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine and Sciences is an extension of Majlis Ibn Sina, which was formed in 1965 under the aegis of Tibbi Academy. Majlis Ibn Sina was a sort of monthly discussion group. For instance, the first meeting of that Majlis was held to discuss typhoid.
Tibbi Academy was itself formed in 1963 at... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Sina_Academy_of_Medieval_Medicine_and_Sciences |
Islamic architecture | East African architecture lacks some features typical of Islamic architecture, such as the construction of hammams. Historic mosques were generally rectangular in plan, lacked courtyards, and featured side rooms. Along the East African coast, common construction materials included coral stone, sundried bricks, and lime... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_architecture |
Safavid Iran | Whether Abbas had fully formed his strategy at the onset, at least in retrospect his method of restoring the shah's authority involved three phases: (1) restoration of internal security and law and order; (2) recovery of the eastern territories from the Uzbeks; and (3) recovery of the western territories from the Ottom... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safavid_Iran |
Red | Inside cave 13B at Pinnacle Point, an archeological site found on the coast of South Africa, paleoanthropologists in 2000 found evidence that, between 170,000 and 40,000 years ago, Late Stone Age people were scraping and grinding ochre, a clay colored red by iron oxide, probably with the intention of using it to color ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red |
Maturidism | Al-Maturidi, being a follower of the Hanafi school of Islamic jurisprudence, based his theological opinions and epistemological perspectives on the teachings of the school's eponymous founder, Abu Hanifa (8th century CE).
The Maturidi school of Islamic theology holds that:
All the attributes of God are eternal, distin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maturidism |
1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine | The Arab Revolt was the last major test of Britain's security services in the Middle East before World War II. The development and deployment of intelligence-led counterinsurgency strategies was integral to the restoration of British imperial control in Palestine as the revolt had demonstrated to the British authoritie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936%E2%80%931939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine |
Siad Barre | Mohamed Siad Barre was born at a time when birth records were unknown in Somalia. Speculations have been cast upon his exact birth year ranging from 1909 to 1921; nevertheless, it is generally agreed that he was born to pastoral parents circa 1910. His unofficial birthplace is said to be in Las Ga'al, which is a distri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siad_Barre |
Near East | The United States is the chief remaining nation to assign official responsibilities to a region called the Near East. Within the government the State Department has been most influential in promulgating the Near Eastern regional system. The countries of the former empires of the 19th century have in general abandoned t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_East |
Hamdan Qarmat | The dā'ī al-Husayn al-Ahwazi had been sent by the Ismai'li leadership at Salamiya, and when he died (or left the area), Hamdan assumed the leadership of Isma'ili missionary activity in the rural environs (sawād) of Kufa and southern Iraq. He soon moved his residence to the town of Kalwadha, south of Baghdad, and rapidl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamdan_Qarmat |
Kabbalah | Pinchas Giller and Adin Steinsaltz write that Kabbalah is best described as the inner part of traditional Jewish religion, the official metaphysics of Judaism, that was essential to normative Judaism until fairly recently. With the decline of Jewish life in medieval Spain, it displaced rationalist Jewish philosophy unt... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabbalah |
United Arab Emirates | The United Arab Emirates has a federal court system, and the emirates of Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Ras Al Khaimah also have local court systems. The UAE's judicial system is derived from the civil law system and Sharia law. The court system consists of civil courts and Sharia courts. Sharia courts have exclusive jurisdictio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates |
Al-Qaeda in Iraq | According to internal documents seized in 2008, AQI began in 2005 systematically killing Iraqi tribesmen and nationalist insurgents wherever they began to rally against it.
Attacks in 2005 claimed by AQI include:
30 January: AQI launched attacks on voters during the Iraqi legislative election in January. In 100 armed ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_Iraq |
Saadi Sultanate | The battle had immediate and long-term consequences. The most immediate result was the accession of Abd al-Malik's brother Ahmad to the throne of Morocco. Drawing on the prestige of the victory, he took on the regnal title (laqab) "al-Mansur". The capture of a large number of Portuguese knights and nobility resulted in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saadi_Sultanate |
Hebron | In 1968, Rabbi Moshe Levinger and a group of Israelis, disguised as tourists, rented the main hotel in Hebron and refused to leave. The government initially wanted to evacuate the settlers but eventually allowed them to relocate to a nearby military base, which became the settlement of Kiryat Arba. After lobbying effor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebron |
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