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Saudi Arabia–United States relations | From the early 20th century, Saudi Arabia has been an enticing trade partner for the United States. The biggest commodity traded between the two nations is petroleum. The strength of the relationship is notoriously attributed to the United States' demand for oil throughout the post modern era; approximately 10,000 barr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93United_States_relations |
Women in Tunisia | Women constitute 25% of the workforce of Tunisia in 2021, a decrease from 28% in 2015, an increase from 20.9% in 1989 and only 5.5% in 1966.
Female participation and mobility in the labor force are constrained by the socially acceptable behavior of women in Tunisia and even laws. For example, women are discouraged or p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Tunisia |
State of Palestine | The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) declared the establishment of the State of Palestine on 15 November 1988. There is a wide range of views on the legal status of the State of Palestine, both among international states and legal scholars. The existence of a state of Palestine is recognized by the states that h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Palestine |
Battle of Jerusalem | British General Edmund Allenby, Commander-in-Chief of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF), had won a decisive victory against the German General Erich von Falkenhayn, commander of Ottoman forces in Palestine, at the Battle of Mughar Ridge on 13 November. The British Empire victory forced von Falkenhayn to withdraw h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Jerusalem |
List of countries and territories where Arabic is an official language | According to the Constitution of Pakistan of 1956 the two languages Urdu (which is very close to Hindi, both also called Hindustani language which were two of the lingua franca of North India and Pakistan that time) as well as Bengali (at that time the lingua franca in the territory which is today the independent state... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Arabic_is_an_official_language |
Arab Revolt | When Herbert Kitchener was Consul-General in Egypt, contacts between Abdullah and Kitchener culminated in a telegram of 1 November 1914 from Kitchener, recently appointed as Secretary of War, to Hussein, wherein Britain would, in exchange for support from the Arabs of Hejaz, "guarantee the independence, rights and priv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Revolt |
Religion in Sudan | Each indigenous religion is unique to a specific ethnic group or part of a group, although several groups may share elements of belief and ritual because of common ancestry or mutual influence. The group serves as the congregation, and an individual usually belongs to that faith by virtue of membership in the group. Be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Sudan |
Anwar al-Awlaki | In June 2002, a Denver federal judge signed an arrest warrant for al-Awlaki for passport fraud. On October 9, the Denver U.S. Attorney's Office filed a motion to dismiss the complaint and vacate the arrest warrant. Prosecutors believed that they lacked sufficient evidence of a crime, according to U.S. Attorney Dave Gao... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_al-Awlaki |
History of slavery | In 1772, the Somersett Case (R. v. Knowles, ex parte Somersett) of the English Court of King's Bench ruled that it was unlawful for a slave to be forcibly taken abroad. The case has since been misrepresented as finding that slavery was unlawful in England (although not elsewhere in the British Empire). A similar case, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_slavery |
Meroitic script | There were two graphic forms of the Meroitic alphasyllabary: monumental hieroglyphs, and a cursive. The majority of texts are cursive. Unlike Egyptian writing, there was a simple one-to-one correspondence between the two forms of Meroitic, except that in the cursive form, consonants are joined in ligatures to a followi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meroitic_script |
Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby | Asked again after the Fall of Jerusalem, Allenby wrote that he could complete the conquest of Palestine with his existing forces, but would need 16–18 divisions, on top of the 8–10 he already had, for a further advance of 250 miles to the Damascus–Beirut Line and then to Aleppo to cut Turkish communications to Mesopota... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Allenby,_1st_Viscount_Allenby |
History of slavery | The 15th-century Portuguese exploration of the African coast is commonly regarded as the harbinger of European colonialism. In 1452, Pope Nicholas V issued the papal bull Dum Diversas, granting Afonso V of Portugal the right to reduce any "Saracens, pagans and any other unbelievers" to hereditary slavery which legitimi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_slavery |
Economy of Egypt | The Egyptian equity market is one of the most developed in the region with more than 633 listed companies. Market capitalization on the exchange doubled in 2005 from US$47.2 billion to US$93.5 billion in 2006, peaking at US$139 billion in 2007. Subsequently, it has fallen to US$58 billion in 2012, with turnover surging... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Egypt |
Spaniards | After two centuries of domination by the Visigothic Kingdom, the Iberian Peninsula was invaded by a Muslim force under Tariq Bin Ziyad in 711. This army consisted mainly of ethnic Berbers from the Ghomara tribe, who were reinforced by Arabs from Syria once the conquest was complete. Only a remote mountainous area in th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaniards |
Punjab | The earliest known notable local king of this region was known as King Porus, who fought the famous Battle of the Hydaspes against Alexander the Great. His kingdom spanned between rivers Hydaspes (Jhelum) and Acesines (Chenab); Strabo had held the territory to contain almost 300 cities. He (alongside Abisares) had a ho... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab |
Tawhid | Against the polytheism of pre-Islamic Arabia, the Qur'an argues that the knowledge of God as the creator of everything rules out the possibility of lesser gods since these beings must be themselves created. For the Qur'an, God is an immanent and transcendent deity who actively creates, maintains and destroys the univer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawhid |
Zirid dynasty | The Zirids renounced the Fatimids and recognized the Abbasid Caliphs in 1048-49, or sometime between 1041 and 1051. The recognition of the Abbasids was nominal, as the Abbasids themselves were in political decline and could not impose direct authority in the region. In retaliation against the Zirids, the Fatimids sent ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zirid_dynasty |
Mohammed bin Salman | In May 2017, Mohammed launched a purge against competing Saudi business and political elites under the auspices of anti-corruption. He said, "no one will survive in a corruption case—whoever he is, even if he's a prince or a minister". In November 2017, he ordered some 200 wealthy businessmen and princes to be placed u... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman |
Boualem Sansal | Sansal's work has won top literary awards in France, among them the Prix du Premier Roman in 1999 for his debut novel, Le serment des Barbares (Gallimard, 1999), which has since been made into a film based on a screenplay by Jorge Semprún.
In 2008, Sansal received the Prix Nessim Habif from Académie royale de langue et... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boualem_Sansal |
Capital punishment | Most nations, including almost all developed countries, have abolished capital punishment either in law or in practice; notable exceptions are the United States, Japan, Taiwan, and Singapore. Additionally, capital punishment is also carried out in China, India, and most Islamic states.
Since World War II, there has be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment |
African humid period | During the African humid period, lakes, rivers, wetlands and vegetation including grass and trees covered the Sahara and Sahel creating a "Green Sahara" with a land cover that has no modern analogues. Evidence includes pollen data, archaeological sites, evidence of faunal activity such as diatoms, mammals, ostracods, r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_humid_period |
Cilicia | Armistice of Mudros that was signed on 30 October 1918 to end the World War I, ceded the control of Cilicia to France. French Government sent four battalions of the Armenian Legion in December to take over and oversee the repatriation of more than 170,000 Armenians to Cilicia. Returning Armenians negotiated with France... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilicia |
The Merchant of Venice | Antonio's unexplained depression – "In sooth I know not why I am so sad" – and utter devotion to Bassanio has led some critics to theorise that he is suffering from unrequited love for Bassanio and is depressed because Bassanio is coming to an age where he will marry a woman. In his plays and poetry Shakespeare often d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Merchant_of_Venice |
Deobandi movement | Mahmudul Hasan, Bangladesh – President of Al-Haiatul Ulya Lil-Jamiatil Qawmia Bangladesh and Befaqul Madarisil Arabia Bangladesh, Chancellor of Jamia Islamia Darul Uloom Madania, Amir of Majlis-e-Dawatul Haq Bangladesh.
Syed Rezaul Karim Vice President of Al-Haiatul Ulya Lil-Jamiatil Qawmia Bangladesh and Befaqul Madar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deobandi_movement |
Al-Saffah | Bonner, M.D. (2004) Arab-Byzantine Relations in Early Islamic Times, Ashgate/Variorum, Farnham ISBN 9780860787167
Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010). ""Abbasid Dynasty"". Encyclopedia Britannica. I: A-Ak – Bayes (15th ed.). ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8.
Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (1993). E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam. V... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Saffah |
Quneitra | Israel continued to control the city until early June 1974, when it was returned to Syrian civilian control following the signature of a United States-brokered disengagement agreement signed on 31 May 1974. The surrender of Quneitra was controversial, with Israeli settlers and the Likud and National Religious Party opp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quneitra |
Tinariwen | At four years old, Ibrahim Ag Alhabib witnessed the execution of his father, a Tuareg rebel, during a 1963 uprising in Mali. After seeing a western film in which a cowboy played a guitar, Ag Alhabib built his own guitar out of a "plastic water can, a stick and some fishing wire", according to future bandmate Abdallah A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinariwen |
US-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021) | Spokesman Halgurd Hikmat for the Peshmerga Ministry confirmed that the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Canada, Italy, and also Finland have agreed to supply weapons and military goods to Kurdish Peshmerga. Erbil-based BASNEWS reported that the Kurdistan Regional Government, in cooperation with the I... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021) |
Arab Christians | The New Testament has a biblical account of Arab conversion to Christianity recorded in the Book of Acts. When Saint Peter preaches to the people of Jerusalem, they ask,And how hear we every man in our own tongue, wherein we were born? [...] Arabians, we do hear them speak in our tongues the wonderful works of God. (Ac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Christians |
Victoria and Albert Museum | The collection includes about 1130 British and 650 European oil paintings, 6800 British watercolours, pastels and 2000 miniatures, for which the museum holds the national collection. Also on loan to the museum, from Her Majesty the Queen Elizabeth II, are the Raphael Cartoons: the seven surviving (there were ten) full-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum |
Abbasid Caliphate | The status and treatment of Jews, Christians, and non-Muslims in the Abbasid Caliphate was a complex and continually changing issue. Non-Muslims were called dhimmis. Dhimmis faced some level of discrimination in Abbasid society: they did not have all the privileges of Muslims and had to pay jizya, a tax on non-Muslims.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate |
Deir al-Balah | During the Six-Day War in June 1967, Deir al-Balah's mayor Sulaiman al-Azayiza briefly led local resistance against the incoming Israeli Army until formally surrendering the city shortly thereafter. The Israeli authorities took control of the springs, an important irrigation source. This move combined with increasing c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir_al-Balah |
Refugees of the Syrian civil war | Australia – In October 2015, Australia announced that it would accept 12,000 Syrian refugees. By February 2016, Australia had settled 26 refugees. By September 2016, 3,532 people had been resettled, with a further 3,146 visas issued. In addition, another 6,293 people were undergoing health, character and security check... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war |
Hammurabi | During the reign of Hammurabi, Babylon usurped the position of "most holy city" in southern Mesopotamia from its predecessor, Nippur. Under the rule of Hammurabi's successor Samsu-iluna, the short-lived Babylonian Empire began to collapse. In northern Mesopotamia, both the Amorites and Babylonians were driven from Assy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammurabi |
Old South Arabian | It was originally thought that all four members of this group were dialects of one Old South Arabian language, but in the mid-twentieth century, linguist A.F.L. Beeston finally proved that they did in fact constitute independent languages.
The Old South Arabian languages were originally classified (partly on the basis ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_South_Arabian |
LGBT people and Islam | In November 2012, a prayer room was set up in Paris by gay Islamic scholar and founder of the group 'Homosexual Muslims of France' Ludovic-Mohamed Zahed. It was described by the press as the first gay-friendly mosque in Europe. The reaction from the rest of the Muslim community in France has been mixed. The opening has... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_people_and_Islam |
Mamluk Sultanate | By the time the Mamluks took power, Arabic had already been established as the language of religion, culture and the bureaucracy in Egypt, and was widespread among non-Muslim communities there as well. Arabic's wide usage among Muslim and non-Muslim commoners had likely been motivated by their aspiration to learn the l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate |
Ontological argument | One of the earliest recorded objections to Anselm's argument was raised by one of Anselm's contemporaries, Gaunilo of Marmoutiers. He invited his reader to conceive an island "more excellent" than any other island. He suggested that, according to Anselm's proof, this island must necessarily exist, as an island that exi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontological_argument |
One Thousand and One Nights | The first European version (1704–1717) was translated into French by Antoine Galland from an Arabic text of the Syrian recension and other sources. This 12-volume work, Les Mille et une nuits, contes arabes traduits en français ('The Thousand and one nights, Arab stories translated into French'), included stories that ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Thousand_and_One_Nights |
Sahara | In 4000 BCE, the start of sophisticated social structure (e.g., trade of cattle as valued assets) developed among herders amid the Pastoral Period of the Sahara. Saharan pastoral culture (e.g., fields of tumuli, lustrous stone rings, axes) was intricate. By 1800 BCE, Saharan pastoral culture expanded throughout the Sah... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahara |
Ali al-Hadi | According to both al-Tabari and al-Kulayni, al-Hadi died on 26 Jumada al-Thani 254 AH (21 June 868) at the age of about forty and during the caliphate of al-Mu'tazz. Other reported dates fall in Jumada al-Thani and Rajab 254 AH (June–July 868). In particular, 3 Rajab is annually commemorated by Shias for this occasion.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_al-Hadi |
Seleucus I Nicator | Over the course of nine years (311–302 BC), while Antigonus was occupied in the west, Seleucus brought the whole eastern part of Alexander's empire as far as the Jaxartes and Indus Rivers under his authority.
In 311 BC Antigonus made peace with Cassander, Lysimachus and Ptolemy, which gave him an opportunity to deal wi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seleucus_I_Nicator |
1929 Palestine riots | In Safed on 29 August, 18 Jews were killed (some sources say 20) and 80 wounded. The attackers looted and set fire to houses and killed Jewish inhabitants. The main Jewish street was looted and burned.
The members of the Commission of Inquiry visited the town on 1 November 1929. The Shaw Report stated:
At about 5:15 p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1929_Palestine_riots |
Salafi movement | In Indian subcontinent, a number of Salafi streams exist including Ahl i Hadith and Kerala Nadvathul Mujahideen.
Ahl-i Hadith is a religious movement that emerged in Northern India in the mid-nineteenth century. Adherents of Ahl-i-Hadith regard the Quran, sunnah, and hadith as the sole sources of religious authority an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salafi_movement |
Suez Crisis | Most of all, Nasser wanted the United States to supply arms on a generous scale to Egypt. Nasser refused to promise that any U.S. arms he might buy would not be used against Israel, and rejected out of hand the American demand for a Military Assistance Advisory Group to be sent to Egypt as part of the arms sales.
Nasse... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez_Crisis |
Ibn al-Abbar | Ibn al-Abbār's family, who were of Yemeni Arab ("al-Qudā'ī") ancestry, had lived for generations in the village of Onda. As an only son, his father, a scholar, a faqīh (jurist) and a poet, gave him the best education. He was taught by famous scholars of the time, such as Abū l-Rabi 'ibn al-Sālim, and cultivated in jur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_al-Abbar |
Paul Bremer | Bremer was appointed by President George W. Bush as presidential envoy to Iraq on May 9, 2003. His appointment declared him subject to the "authority, direction and control" of Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld.
Bremer arrived in Iraq in May 2003. On May 11 he replaced Lt. General Jay Garner as Director of the Offic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Bremer |
Zoroastrianism | Throughout Zoroastrian history, shrines and temples have been the focus of worship and pilgrimage for adherents of the religion. Early Zoroastrians were recorded as worshiping in the 5th century BCE on mounds and hills where fires were lit below the open skies. In the wake of Achaemenid expansion, shrines were construc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoroastrianism |
Kayseri | Kayseri received notable public investments in the 1920s and 1930s. Sumer Textiles and Kayseri Tayyare Fabrikasi (an aeroplane manufacturer) were set up here in the post -Republican Era with the help of German and particularly Russian experts. The latter manufactured the first aircraft "made in Turkey" in the 1940s. Af... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayseri |
Mamluk Sultanate | Al-Nasir Muhammad died in 1341 and his rule was followed by a succession of descendants in a period marked by political instability. Most of his successors, except for al-Nasir Hasan (r. 1347–1351, 1354–1361) and al-Ashraf Sha'ban (r. 1363–1367), were sultans in name only, with the patrons of the leading mamluk faction... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate |
Sasanian Empire | The Persians had long known of the Egyptian calendar, with its 365 days divided into 12 months. However, the traditional Zoroastrian calendar had 12 months of 30 days each. During the reign of Ardashir I, an effort was made to introduce a more accurate Zoroastrian calendar for the year, so 5 extra days were added to it... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasanian_Empire |
President of Lebanon | In 1952, Fouad Chehab refused to allow the army to interfere in the uprising that forced Lebanese President Bechara El Khoury to resign. Chehab became the prime minister of Lebanon in September 1952, and hold the additional portfolio of defense minister. Chehab was then appointed president with the duty to ensure an em... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Lebanon |
Cave of the Patriarchs massacre | In the 1970s, Baruch Goldstein, who was born and lived in Brooklyn, New York, was a charter member of the Jewish Defense League. After emigrating to Israel in 1983, he served as a physician in the Israeli Defense Force, first as a conscript, then in the reserve forces. Following the end of his active duty, Goldstein wo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave_of_the_Patriarchs_massacre |
Islam and violence | According to Ahmadi belief, Jihad can be divided into three categories: Jihad al-Akbar (Greater Jihad) is that against the self and refers to striving against one's low desires such as anger, lust and hatred; Jihad al-Kabīr (Great Jihad) refers to the peaceful propagation of Islam, with special emphasis on spreading th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_and_violence |
Al-Walid I | Al-Walid was born in Medina in c. 674, during the rule of Mu'awiya I (r. 661–680), the founder and first caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate. His father, Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, was a member of the Umayyad dynasty. While Mu'awiya belonged to the Umayyads' Sufyanid branch, resident in Syria, al-Walid's family was part of t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Walid_I |
Sasanian Empire | Following Hormizd II's death, northern Arabs started to ravage and plunder the western cities of the empire, even attacking the province of Fars, the birthplace of the Sassanid kings. Meanwhile, Persian nobles killed Hormizd II's eldest son, blinded the second, and imprisoned the third (who later escaped into Roman ter... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasanian_Empire |
Post-classical history | Six centuries later, a relative (but not a direct descendant) of Yersinia Pestis rose to afflict Eurasia: the Black Death. The first instance of the second plague pandemic was between 1347 and 1351. It killed variously between 25% and 50% of populations. Traditionally many historians believed the Black Death started in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-classical_history |
Tribes of Yemen | Historically, the Yemeni tribe formed an integrated political and economic unit independent of other units. It represented an organization for managing the collectively owned natural resources, a military unit responsible for defending its members and the individuals and groups affiliated with it, and a social organiza... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribes_of_Yemen |
Tunisian Arabic | During classical antiquity, Tunisia's population spoke Berber languages related to the Numidian language. However, the languages progressively lost their function as main languages of Tunisia since the 12th century BC, and their usage became restricted mainly to the western regions of the country until their disappeara... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisian_Arabic |
Lihyan | Situated in Wadi al-Qura within modern al-ʿUla, al-Khuraybah is believed to be ancient Dadān—a significant hub of culture and commerce in ancient northwest Arabia. It thrived in the 1st millennium BC, fostering through the development of long-distance trade along the ‘Incense Road,’ acting as an important and strategic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lihyan |
David Ben-Gurion | In May 1967, Egypt began massing forces in the Sinai Peninsula after expelling UN peacekeepers and closed the Straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping. This, together with the actions of other Arab states, caused Israel to begin preparing for war. The situation lasted until the outbreak of the Six-Day War on 5 June. In Jer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion |
Middle Eastern studies | In 1978 Edward Said, a Palestinian American professor of comparative literature at Columbia University, published his book Orientalism, in which he accused earlier scholars of a "subtle and persistent Eurocentric prejudice against Arab-Islamic peoples and their culture", claiming the bias amounted to a justification fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Eastern_studies |
Women in Qatar | In 2001, Qatar passed the Civil Service Act and Order No. 13 of the Council of Ministers, thereby creating a legal framework protecting of women's rights in the workforce. Another law was passed in 2002 which allowed women retirement benefits as well as granting monetary benefits to widows.
According to 2014 statistics... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Qatar |
2011 Bahraini uprising | Inspired by the successful uprisings in Egypt and Tunisia, opposition activists starting from January 2011 filled the social media websites Facebook and Twitter as well as online forums, e-mails and text messages with calls to stage major pro-democracy protests.: 65 Bahraini youths described their plans as an appeal f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Bahraini_uprising |
Rashidun Caliphate | After the Battle of the Yarmuk and Battle of al-Qadisiyyah the Muslims won heavy spoils, filling the coffers at Medina. The problem before Umar was what to do with this money. Someone suggested that the money should be kept in the treasury as a reserve for public expenditures. However, this view was not acceptable to t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate |
Suret language | Suret has lost the perfect and imperfect morphological tenses common in other Semitic languages. The present tense is usually marked with the subject pronoun followed by the participle; however, such pronouns are usually omitted in the case of the third person. This use of the participle to mark the present tense is th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suret_language |
Anti-Iranian sentiment | Kuwaitis of Iranian descent (Ajam) are subjected to discrimination and xenophobic hate campaigns. The anti-preservation attitude of the Kuwaiti government towards Kuwaiti Persian will eventually lead to the disappearance of the language in Kuwaiti society, as Abdulmuhsen Dashti projects. The government of Kuwait tries ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Iranian_sentiment |
Abdülmecid I | Like his father, Abdülmecid was an advocate of reforms and was lucky enough to have the support of progressive viziers such as Mustafa Reşit Pasha, Mehmet Emin Âli Pasha and Fuad Pasha. Abdülmecid was also the first sultan to listen directly to the public's complaints on special reception days, which were usually held ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd%C3%BClmecid_I |
Islam and democracy | Since the revolution in Iran, the largest Shia country, Twelver Shia political thought has been dominated by that of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the founder and leader of the revolution. Khomeini argued that in the absence of the Hidden Imam and other divinely-appointed figures (in whom ultimate political authority re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_and_democracy |
Sufi music | Abida Parveen, a Pakistani Sufi singer is one of the foremost exponents of Sufi music, considered the finest Sufi vocalists of the modern era. Sanam Marvi, another Pakistani singer has recently gained recognition for her Sufi vocal performances. Asrar Shah a Lahore based Sufi singer who gained popularity in Coke Studio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufi_music |
Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile | On 1 January 2015, a video interview with SPLM-N commander Koko Idriss was released, Idriss claimed that during the past 3 weeks SPLM-N clashed with government troops in Balinga, Daldako, al-Atmoor and al-Ruseiris, Gardoud with the later falling under Sudanese control. The video displayed 44 Dushka cannons,13 Land Cru... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudanese_conflict_in_South_Kordofan_and_Blue_Nile |
Slavery | Slavery in early medieval Europe was so common that the Catholic Church repeatedly prohibited it, or at least the export of Christian slaves to non-Christian lands, as for example at the Council of Koblenz (922), the Council of London (1102) (which aimed mainly at the sale of English slaves to Ireland) and the Council ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery |
Ra's al Ghul | Liam Neeson portrayed Ra's al Ghul in the Dark Knight trilogy.
Ra's al Ghul first appears in Batman Begins. This version is based in the Himalayas of Bhutan and dedicated to keeping order and justice in a world which it views as decadent and corrupt. He initially goes by the alias "Henri Ducard", while the Ra's al Ghul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%27s_al_Ghul |
Islamic philosophy | Adamson, Peter; Taylor, Richard C., eds. (2005). The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-81743-1.
Butterworth, Charles E.; Kessel, Blake Andrée, eds. (1994). The Introduction of Arabic Philosophy Into Europe. Studien und Texte zur Geistesgeschichte des Mittela... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_philosophy |
Marrakesh | The ramparts of Marrakesh, which stretch for some 19 kilometres (12 mi) around the medina of the city, were built by the Almoravids in the 12th century as protective fortifications. The walls are made of a distinct orange-red clay and chalk, giving the city its nickname as the "red city"; they stand up to 19 feet (5.8 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marrakesh |
Ahmose I | Ahmose I was succeeded by his son, Amenhotep I. A minority of scholars have argued that Ahmose had a short co-regency with Amenhotep, potentially lasting up to six years. If there was a co-regency, Amenhotep could not have been made king before Ahmose's 18th regnal year, the earliest year in which Ahmose-ankh, the heir... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmose_I |
Al-Khwarizmi | Few details of al-Khwārizmī's life are known with certainty. Ibn al-Nadim gives his birthplace as Khwarazm, and he is generally thought to have come from this region. Of Persian stock, his name means 'of Khwarazm', a region that was part of Greater Iran, and is now part of Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.
Al-Tabari gives h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Khwarizmi |
Alawites | In older sources, Alawis are often called "Ansaris." According to Samuel Lyde, who lived among the Alawites during the mid-19th century, this was a term they used among themselves. Other sources indicate that "Ansari" is simply a Western error in the transliteration of "Nusayri." Alawites historically self-identified a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alawites |
Foreign relations of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi | Libya long claimed the Aouzou Strip, a strip of land in northern Chad rich with uranium deposits that was intensely involved in Chad's civil war in the 1970s and 1980s.
In 1973, Libya engaged in military operations in the Aouzou Strip to gain access to minerals and to use it as a base of influence in Chadian politics. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Libya_under_Muammar_Gaddafi |
Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi | Al-Tusi has been credited with proposing the idea of a function, however his approach being not very explicit, algebra's decisive move to the dynamic function was made 5 centuries after him, by German polymath Gottfried Leibniz.
Sharaf al-Din used what would later be known as the "Ruffini-Horner method" to numerically ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharaf_al-Din_al-Tusi |
Darfur | In December 2010, representatives of the Liberation and Justice Movement, an umbrella organisation of ten rebel groups, formed in February of that year, started a fresh round of talks with the Sudanese Government in Doha, Qatar. A new rebel group, the Sudanese Alliance Resistance Forces in Darfur, was formed and the Ju... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darfur |
Fatimid Caliphate | It's unclear what number or percentage of the population inside the caliphate were actually Isma'ilis, but they always remained a minority. Historical chronicles report large numbers of enthusiastic converts in Egypt during the reign of al-'Aziz, but this trend dropped significantly around the middle of al-Hakim's reig... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate |
Neo-Assyrian Empire | At the height of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, the Assyrian army was the strongest army yet assembled in world history. The number of soldiers in the Neo-Assyrian army was likely several hundred thousand. The Assyrians pioneered innovative uses and strategies, particularly concerning cavalry and siege warfare, that would be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire |
Musta'li Ismailism | There is also a community of Sunni Bohra in India. In the fifteenth century, there was schism in the Bohra community of Patan in Gujarat as a large number converted from Musta'li Isma'ili Shia Islam to mainstream Hanafi Sunni Islam. The leader of this conversion movement to Sunni was Syed Jafar Ahmad Shirazi who also h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musta%27li_Ismailism |
Sufi literature | Sufi literature, written in Persian, flourished from the 12th to 15th centuries. Later, major poets linked with the Sufi tradition included Hatef Esfahani (17th century), Bedil (18th century), and Ahmad NikTalab (20th century). However, Sufi literature for the longest time in history had been scattered in different lan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufi_literature |
Ennahda | Ennahda was part of the Troika government, along with Ettakatol, and CPR. The government was criticized for mediocre economic performance, not stimulating the tourism industry, poor relations with Tunisia's biggest trading partner France. In particular it was criticized for not monitoring and controlling radical Islami... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ennahda |
Armenians in Syria | Catholic Armenians are members of the Armenian Catholic Church. The Catholic Armenian population in Syria belongs to one of the 4 following prelacies under the jurisdiction of the Armenian Catholic Patriarchate of Cilicia:
Archeparchy of Aleppo: the first official Armenian Catholic Prelate in Aleppo was Bishop Abraham... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenians_in_Syria |
16th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement | While it is usual for the UN Secretary-General to attend NAM Summits, the presence of Ban Ki-moon was opposed by the United States and Israel. Haaretz reported that Prime Minister of Israel Benjamin Netanyahu had personally appealed to the secretary-general not to attend this summit and described Iran as "a regime that... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement |
Roman Empire | The Romans thought of themselves as highly religious, and attributed their success to their collective piety (pietas) and good relations with the gods (pax deorum). The archaic religion believed to have come from the earliest kings of Rome was the foundation of the mos maiorum, "the way of the ancestors", central to Ro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empire |
Lebanese Shia Muslims | Isma'ilism, or "Sevener Shi'ism", is a branch of Shia Islam which emerged in 765 from a disagreement over the succession to Muhammad. Isma'ilis hold that Isma'il ibn Jafar was the true seventh imam, and not Musa al-Kadhim as the Twelvers believe. Isma'ili Shi'ism also differs doctrinally from Imami Shi'ism, having beli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_Shia_Muslims |
Islamic architecture | Indo-Islamic architecture on the Indian subcontinent began in Sindh in the 8th century, where remains of a congregational mosque at Banbhore dating to 725 have been uncovered. The Ghurids laid the foundations of the Delhi Sultanate and built monuments in northern India in the 12th and 13th centuries. The most notable m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_architecture |
Babylonia | The date of the sack of Babylon by the Hittites under king Mursili I is considered crucial to the various calculations of the early chronology of the ancient Near East, as it is taken as a fixed point in the discussion. Suggestions for its precise date vary by as much as 230 years, corresponding to the uncertainty rega... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonia |
Asia | Asia has the largest continental economy in the world by both GDP nominal and PPP values, and is the fastest growing economic region. As of 2023, China is by far the largest economy on the continent, making up nearly half of the continent's economy by GDP nominal. It is followed by Japan, India, South Korea, Indonesia,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia |
Occupation of Iraq (2003–2011) | As of October 2008, thirteen provinces had successfully completed transition to provincial Iraqi control: Muthanna, Dhi Qar, Najaf, Maysan, Dahuk, Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, Karbala, Basra, Al-Qādisiyyah, Al Anbar, Babil and Wasit.
Muthanna was the first, on 13 July 2006, when Australian, Japanese and British forces from Mul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupation_of_Iraq_(2003%E2%80%932011) |
Chinese Indonesian cuisine | Asinan, cured brined preserved vegetables in thin peanut sauce with krupuk mie.
Ayam kluyuk or koloke (咕嚕雞), chicken in sweet and sour sauce.
Babi hong, pork belly cooked in various Chinese seasonings and sauces; including several types of soy sauces, oyster sauces and cooking wine.
Babi kecap, pork belly in kecap mani... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Indonesian_cuisine |
Israel–Hamas war | The 1948 Palestine war saw the establishment of Israel over most of what had been Mandatory Palestine, with the exception of two separated territories that became known as the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, which were held by Jordan and Egypt respectively. Following the 1967 Six-Day War, Israel occupied the Palestinian ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war |
Cradle of civilization | The earliest evidence of agriculture in the Andean region dates to around 9000 BC in Ecuador at sites of the Las Vegas culture. The bottle gourd may have been the first plant cultivated. The oldest evidence of canal irrigation in South America dates to 4700 to 2500 BC in the Zaña Valley of northern Peru. The earliest u... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cradle_of_civilization |
Energy in Egypt | The majority of Egypt's electricity supply is generated from thermal and hydropower stations. The four main hydroelectric generating stations currently operating in Egypt are the Aswan Low Dam, the Esna Dam, the Aswan High Dam, and the Naga Hamady Barrages. The Asyut Barrage hydropower plant is scheduled to be commissi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_in_Egypt |
Afro-Palestinians | Historically Palestine was a province under foreign powers. From the Rashidun Caliphate of the 7th-century onward, African slaves were transported to the area of the Caliphate from Egypt via the Baqt treaty slave tribute.
During the middle ages, African slaves were transported to Abbasid Caliphate via the Red Sea slav... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Palestinians |
Non-Aligned Movement | With the end of the Cold War, the Non-Aligned Movement transformed. The breakup of Yugoslavia (a prominent founding member) in 1991–1992 also affected the Movement; the regular Ministerial Meeting of the Movement, held in New York during the regular yearly session of the General Assembly of the United Nations in 1992 s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement |
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