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Sultan | The word derives from the Arabic and Semitic root salaṭa "to be hard, strong". The noun sulṭān initially designated a kind of moral authority or spiritual power (as opposed to political power), and it is used in this sense several times in the Qur'an.
In the early Muslim world, ultimate power and authority was theoreti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan |
Israel–Hamas war | The Gaza Strip is experiencing a humanitarian crisis as a result of the Israel–Hamas war. The crisis includes both a famine and a healthcare collapse. At the start of the war, Israel tightened its blockade on the Gaza Strip, which has resulted in significant shortages of fuel, food, medication, water, and essential med... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war |
Oriental carpets in Renaissance painting | Oriental carpets appear for the first time on early Renaissance paintings of the late 12th century. In most cases the carpets serve as a background for religious scenes. Saints were depicted enthroned or standing on carpets, thus being elated, and separated from their surroundings. Ordinary people, often the donors of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental_carpets_in_Renaissance_painting |
Sokoto Caliphate | The Caliphate and its resulting emirates each had Viziers (Waziris) as they are called in the Caliphate. Those Viziers mostly came from the most learned families in Sokoto, learned not only in the legal and political aspects of Islam but also in its mystical side. The classical vizierate is based on some verses from th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokoto_Caliphate |
Awjila | In the 10th century Awjila was a stage on the trading route between the Ibadi Berber capital of Zuwayla in the Fezzan and the newly established Fatimid capital of Cairo in Egypt.
The east-west caravan route from Cairo to Tripoli, the Fezzan and Tunis went via Jaghbub, Jalu and Awjila.
In the early Mamluk era (13th cen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awjila |
Afroasiatic languages | Likewise, no consensus exists as to where proto-Afroasiatic originated. Scholars have proposed locations for the Afroasiatic homeland across Africa and West Asia. Roger Blench writes that the debate possesses "a strong ideological flavor", with associations between an Asian origin and "high civilization". An additional... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages |
History of coffee | There are several legendary accounts of the origin of the consumption of coffee. According to one legend, ancestors of today's Kafficho people in the Kingdom of Kaffa were the first to recognize the energizing effect of the coffee plant. One account involves a 9th-century Ethiopian goatherder, Kaldi, who, noticing the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_coffee |
Libyan civil war (2011) | In a 17 March 2011 interview with ABC, shortly before the military intervention, Muammar Gaddafi's son and heir apparent Saif al-Islam Gaddafi said that "armed militia" fighters in Benghazi were killing children and terrorizing the population. He stated, "You know, the armoured militia yesterday, they killed four young... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_(2011) |
Western Wall | While during the late 19th century, no formal segregation of men and women was to be found at the Wall, conflict erupted in July 1968 when members of the World Union for Progressive Judaism were denied the right to host a mixed-gender service at the site after the Ministry of Religious Affairs insisted on maintaining t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Wall |
Middle Ages | In the post-Roman world, the fusion of Roman culture with the customs of the invading tribes is well documented. Popular assemblies, which allowed free male tribal members more say in political matters than had been common in the Roman state, developed into legislative and judicial bodies. Much of the scholarly and wri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ages |
Religion | Friedrich Schleiermacher in the late 18th century defined religion as das schlechthinnige Abhängigkeitsgefühl, commonly translated as "the feeling of absolute dependence".
His contemporary Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel disagreed thoroughly, defining religion as "the Divine Spirit becoming conscious of Himself through t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion |
Timeline of the Egyptian Crisis under the SCAF | A Facebook page entitled "The Second Egyptian Revolution of Rage" read: "Seeing that the situation, under the leadership of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces, is only going from bad to worse, and since the council has proven from day one that public pressure is the most effective policy for achieving the demands ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Egyptian_Crisis_under_the_SCAF |
Bábism | The Báb affirms that the verses revealed by a Manifestation of God are the greatest proof of His mission and the writings of the Báb comprise over two thousand tablets, epistles, prayers, and philosophical treatises. These writings form part of Baháʼí scripture, particularly his prayers, which are often recited individ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1bism |
Islamic Golden Age | During this period, the Muslims showed a strong interest in assimilating the scientific knowledge of the civilizations that had been conquered. Many classic works of antiquity that might otherwise have been lost were translated from Greek, Syriac, Middle Persian, and Sanskrit into Syriac and Arabic, some of which were ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Golden_Age |
Samarkand | The state and official language in Samarqand, as in all Uzbekistan, is the Uzbek language. Uzbek is one of the Turkic languages and the mother tongue of Uzbeks, Turkmens, Samarkandian Iranians, and most Samarqandian Arabs living in Samarqand.
As in the rest of Uzbekistan, the Russian language is the de facto second off... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarkand |
Monotheism | Amenhotep IV initially introduced Atenism in Year 5 of his reign (1348/1346 BCE) during the 18th dynasty of the New Kingdom. He raised Aten, once a relatively obscure Egyptian solar deity representing the disk of the sun, to the status of Supreme God in the Egyptian pantheon. To emphasise the change, Aten's name was wr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monotheism |
Wahhabism | The Wahhabi scholars upheld the right of qualified scholars to perform Ijtihad on legal questions and condemned Taqleed of Mujtahids. This stance pitted them against the Ottoman Sufi ulema who shunned Ijtihad and obligated Taqleed. The Arab Salafiyya reformers of 19th and 20th centuries would defend the Wahhabis on the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism |
Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile | On 3 July, fighting between the Sudanese Armed Forces and an Arab rebel movement broke out in West Darfur, rebels destroyed 10 government cars and captured 25 soldiers, also 6 rebels were killed, 4 injured and 2 captured.
On 6 July, a state official of Sudan was killed among 7 others in an attack on a government convoy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudanese_conflict_in_South_Kordofan_and_Blue_Nile |
Reconquista | Medieval Christian armies mainly comprised two types of forces: the cavalry (mostly nobles, but including commoner knights from the 10th century on) and the infantry, or peones (peasants). Infantry only went to war if needed, which was not frequent. In an atmosphere of constant conflict, warfare and daily life were str... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconquista |
Antisemitism | Religious antisemitism, also known as anti-Judaism, is antipathy towards Jews because of their perceived religious beliefs. In theory, antisemitism and attacks against individual Jews would stop if Jews stopped practicing Judaism or changed their public faith, especially by conversion to the official or right religion.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisemitism |
Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia | Until about the fourth century, almost all inhabitants of Arabia practiced polytheistic religions at which point pre-Islamic Arabian monotheism had begun to spread. From the fourth to sixth centuries, Jewish, Christian, and other monotheistic populations developed. Until recent decades, it was believed that polytheism ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia |
Puzur-Inshushinak | His father was Shinpi-khish-khuk, the crown prince, and most likely a brother of king Khita. Kutik-Inshushinak's first position was as governor of Susa, which he may have held from a young age. About 2110 BC, his father died, and he became crown prince in his stead.
Elam had been under the domination of Akkad since the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puzur-Inshushinak |
Bible | The New Testament is the name given to the second portion of the Christian Bible. While some scholars assert that Aramaic was the original language of the New Testament, the majority view says it was written in the vernacular form of Koine Greek. Still, there is reason to assert that it is a heavily Semitized Greek: it... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible |
People of the Book | Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2002). The Mandaeans: ancient texts and modern people. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195153859.
Darrow, William R. (2003). "Magians". In McAuliffe, Jane Dammen (ed.). Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān. doi:10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQSIM_00269.
De Blois, François (2004). "Sabians". In McAuliffe, Jane... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People_of_the_Book |
Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain | Prior to 589, the Jewish population of Spain was tolerated by its Arian Visigoth rulers and placed on equal footing with the other ethnic and religious communities of the region. The Arians may have preferred the Jewish population to the Catholic one, as they did not fear political enmity from the Jews. The Visigoths w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_age_of_Jewish_culture_in_Spain |
History of scientific method | Aristotle's inductive-deductive method used inductions from observations to infer general principles, deductions from those principles to check against further observations, and more cycles of induction and deduction to continue the advance of knowledge.
The Organon (Greek: Ὄργανον, meaning "instrument, tool, organ") i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_scientific_method |
Egyptians | Today, Egyptians carry names that have Ancient Egyptian, Arabic, Turkish, Greek and Western meanings (especially Coptic ones) among others. The concept of a surname is lacking in Egypt. Rather, Egyptians tend to carry their father's name as their first middle name, and stop at the 2nd or 3rd first name, which thus beco... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptians |
Israel | On 14 May 1948, the day before the expiration of the British Mandate, David Ben-Gurion, the head of the Jewish Agency, declared "the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz-Israel". The only reference in the text of the Declaration to the borders of the new state is the use of the term Eretz-Israel ("Land of Israel").... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel |
Owen Jones (architect) | Through his work at the Great Exhibition, Jones developed a close working relationship with the civil servant Henry Cole (1808–1882) who went on to become the first director of the South Kensington Museum (later to become the V&A). Through his contact with Cole, Jones was able to present his theories on decoration, orn... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owen_Jones_(architect) |
First Crusade | By the 11th century, the population of Europe had increased greatly as technological and agricultural innovations allowed trade to flourish. The Catholic Church had become a dominant influence on Western civilization. Society was organized by manorialism and feudalism, political structures whereby knights and other nob... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Crusade |
Authoritarianism | Both World War II (ending in 1945) and the Cold War (ending in 1991) resulted in the replacement of authoritarian regimes by either democratic regimes or regimes that were less authoritarian.
World War II saw the defeat of the Axis powers by the Allied powers. All the Axis powers (Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy and Imperi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authoritarianism |
Fakhr al-Din II | In 1606 Fakhr al-Din made common cause with the Kurdish rebel Ali Janbulad of Aleppo against Yusuf; the latter had been invested as commander-in-chief of the Ottoman armies in the Levant to suppress Janbulad. Fakhr al-Din, "who no doubt shared Canpolad's [Janbulad's] thirst for greater regional autonomy", according to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fakhr_al-Din_II |
Slavery in Africa | The final major transformation of slave relationships came with the inconsistent emancipation efforts starting in the mid-19th century. As European authorities began to take over large parts of inland Africa starting in the 1870s, the colonial policies were often confusing on the issue. For example, even when slavery w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_Africa |
Infinitive | The Finnish grammatical tradition includes many non-finite forms that are generally labeled as (numbered) infinitives although many of these are functionally converbs. To form the so-called first infinitive, the strong form of the root (without consonant gradation or epenthetic 'e') is used, and these changes occur:
t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinitive |
Satanic Verses controversy | Despite the passionate intensity of Muslim feeling on the issue, no Western government banned The Satanic Verses. This is primarily because most Western governments explicitly or implicitly allow for freedom of expression, which includes forbidding censorship in the vast majority of cases. Western attitudes regarding f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satanic_Verses_controversy |
Israel | Education is highly valued in the Israeli culture and was viewed as a fundamental block of ancient Israelites. In 2015, the country ranked third among OECD members for the percentage of 25–64 year-olds that have attained tertiary education with 49% compared with the OECD average of 35%. In 2012, the country ranked thir... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel |
Algerian War | At the beginning of the war, on the Algerian side, it was necessary to compensate for military weakness with political and diplomatic struggle. In the asymmetric conflict between France and the FLN at this time, victory seemed extremely difficult.
The Algerian revolution began with the insurrection of November 1, when ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algerian_War |
History of Islam | After the death of Muhammad in 632 CE, his community needed to appoint a new leader, giving rise to the title of caliph (Arabic: خَليفة, romanized: khalīfa, lit. 'successor'). Thus, the subsequent Islamic empires were known as "caliphates", and a series of four caliphs governed the early Islamic empire: Abū Bakr (632–6... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Islam |
Economy of Egypt | From the 1850s until the 1930s, Egypt's economy was heavily reliant on long-staple cotton, introduced in the mid-1820s during the reign of Muhammad Ali (1805–49) and made possible by the switch from basin irrigation to perennial, modern irrigation. Cotton cultivation was a key ingredient in an ambitious program that th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Egypt |
Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca | Article I – Prescribes a ceasefire. Calls for peace, freedom and amnesty for prisoners, the return home of exiles, and the establishment of "a sincere union, and a perpetual and inviolable friendship".
Article II – Addresses those who have committed capital crimes, stating that these criminals shall not be sheltered in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk_Kaynarca |
Hellenistic period | Ptolemy, a somatophylax, one of the seven bodyguards who served as Alexander the Great's generals and deputies, was appointed satrap of Egypt after Alexander's death in 323 BC. In 305 BC, he declared himself King Ptolemy I, later known as "Soter" (saviour) for his role in helping the Rhodians during the siege of Rhodes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_period |
Proto-Afroasiatic language | At present, there is no commonly accepted reconstruction of Afroasiatic morphology, grammar, syntax, or phonology. Because of the great amount of time since Afroasiatic split into branches, there are limits to what scholars can reconstruct. Cognates tend to disappear from related languages over time. There are currentl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Afroasiatic_language |
Sudanese revolution | On 5 July, with the help of African Union and Ethiopian mediators, a verbal deal was reached by the TMC and civilian negotiators of the FFC, including Siddig Yousif, on the formation of governmental institutions, under which the presidency of the transitional government would rotate between the military and civilians. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudanese_revolution |
Concubinage | Relationships with slaves in the United States and the Confederacy were sometimes euphemistically referred to as concubinary. From lifelong to single or serial sexual visitations, these relationships with enslaved people illustrate a radical power imbalance between a human owned as chattel, and the legal owner of same.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concubinage |
Aghlabid dynasty | In 827, soon after Ziyadat Allah defeated the rebellion, the Aghlabid conquest of Sicily began. Asad ibn al-Furat, a qadi from Kairouan, was appointed as commander of the Aghlabid forces.: 135–136 The pretense for this invasion was an internal revolt in Byzantine Sicily led by a military commander named Euphemios who ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aghlabid_dynasty |
White Africans of European ancestry | As early as 1815, individual Afrikaners had begun to arrive in what is today modern Botswana, mainly traders and ivory hunters from the Cape of Good Hope. By the mid nineteenth century, some of these itinerant Afrikaners had settled in Molepolole. In 1852, the Transvaal Boers organised a failed expedition against the N... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Africans_of_European_ancestry |
1948 Arab–Israeli War | King Abdullah was the commander of the Arab Legion, the strongest Arab army involved in the war according to Eugene Rogan and Avi Shlaim in 2007. (In contrast, Morris wrote in 2008 that the Egyptian army was the most powerful and threatening army.) The Arab Legion had about 10,000 soldiers, trained and commanded by Bri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War |
Animals in Islam | Although over two hundred verses in the Qur'an deal with animals and six Quranic chapters (surah) are named after animals, animal life is not a predominant theme in the Qur'an. The Qur'an teaches that God created animals from water. God cares for all his creatures and provides for them. All creation praises God, even i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animals_in_Islam |
Murri (condiment) | There are two types of murri known from historical recipes that have survived into the present day. The Iraqi-style murri from the 10th century Kitab al-Tabikh by Ibn Sayyar al-Warraq and the 13th century Kitab Wasf al-Atima al-Mutada was made by wetting a combination of ground flatbread, barley flour (budhaj flour) an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murri_(condiment) |
Islamic Cairo | The Fatimids, an Isma'ili Shi'a caliphate which was based in Ifriqiya (Tunisia), conquered Egypt in 969 CE during the reign of Caliph al-Mu'izz. Their army, composed mostly of North African Kutama Berbers, was led by the general Jawhar al-Siqilli. In 970, under instructions from al-Mu'izz, Jawhar planned, founded, and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Cairo |
Old City of Jerusalem | The Jewish Quarter (Hebrew: הרובע היהודי, HaRova HaYehudi, known colloquially to residents as HaRova, Arabic: حارة اليهود, Ḩārat al-Yahūd) lies in the southeastern sector of the walled city, and stretches from the Zion Gate in the south, bordering the Armenian Quarter on the west, along the Cardo to Chain Street in the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_City_of_Jerusalem |
Islam in Bulgaria | The Ottoman Empire conquered the last independent piece of the Second Bulgarian Empire, the Tsardom of Vidin, in 1396 (or, as some historians hypothesise, in 1422), and Bulgaria remained under Ottoman and Islamic rule for almost five centuries. Christians in the Ottoman Empire were treated as second-class citizens, i.e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Bulgaria |
Saudi Arabia | There is evidence that human habitation in the Arabian Peninsula dates back to about 125000 years ago. A 2011 study found that the first modern humans to spread east across Asia left Africa about 75000 years ago across the Bab-el-Mandeb connecting the Horn of Africa and Arabia. The Arabian Peninsula is regarded as cent... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia |
Economy of Egypt | The exchange rate has been linked to the US dollar since the 1950s. Several regimes were adopted including initially the conventional peg in the sixties, regular crawling peg in the seventies and the eighties and crawling bands in the nineties. Over that time period, there were several exchange rate markets including b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Egypt |
Algeria national football team | Manager Christian Gourcuff was widely criticized after the African Cup exit, he continued being criticized for his tactics and results, losing 2–1 in a friendly against Guinea and drawing 2–2 Against Tanzania. Although Algeria would achieve wins at home, such as the 7–0 return leg win against Tanzania the team was very... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeria_national_football_team |
Prostitution | Prostitute is derived from the Latin prostituta. Some sources cite the verb as a composition of "pro" meaning "up front" or "forward" and "stituere", defined as "to offer up for sale". Another explanation is that prostituta is a composition of pro and statuere (to cause to stand, to station, place erect). A literal tra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostitution |
Ayyubid dynasty | In the east, the Khwarezemids under Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu captured the town of Khilat from al-Ashraf, while the traditionally loyalist Rasulids began to encroach on Ayyubid holdings in Arabia. In 1222 the Ayyubids appointed the Rasulid leader Ali ibn Rasul as governor of Mecca. Ayyubid rule in Yemen and the Hejaz was ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty |
El-Kurru | Reisner thought that the earliest tomb, Tum.1, dated back to the time of Pharaoh Sheshonq I of Ancient Egypt (c. 860 BC) and predates the Kingdom of Napata by some 200 years. At the present, some scholars (Hakem, Torok) think the early cemetery stretches back to the Ramesside period and date the earliest burials to the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El-Kurru |
Druze | The name Druze is derived from the name of Muhammad bin Ismail Nashtakin ad-Darazī (from Persian darzi, "seamster") who was an early preacher. Although the Druze consider ad-Darazī a heretic, the name has been used to identify them, possibly by their historical opponents as a way to attach their community with ad-Daraz... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druze |
Music of the United Arab Emirates | Below is an alphabetical list of UAE-based artists who have released original material commercially in the English language:
Abri - Albums: Sunchild (2008), Blank Notes (2009)
Abri & the Dream Fleet - Album: We Fly (2017)
Absolace - Albums: Resolve(d) (2010), Fractals (2012)
Adriano K - Album: A L.A.S. (2012)
ARS Trio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates |
Kingdom of Kush | Mentuhotep II, the 21st century BC founder of the Middle Kingdom, is recorded to have undertaken campaigns against Kush in the 29th and 31st years of his reign. This is the earliest Egyptian reference to Kush; the Nubian region had gone by other names in the Old Kingdom. Under Thutmose I, Egypt made several campaigns s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kush |
Banu Hashim | The following Royal, Imperial dynasties and Tribes claim descent from Hashim:
Europe
Hummudid Dynasty (through Idris ibn Abdullah)
Arabia
Hashemite Dynasty (through Qatadah ibn Idris)
Abbasid dynasty of the Abbasid Caliphate (through Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib)
Abbasids of Cairo, the ceremonial heads of Mamluk Sultan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banu_Hashim |
Harem | The Imperial Harem of the Ottoman sultan, also called seraglio in the West, was part of Topkapı Palace. It also housed the valide sultan, as well as the sultan's daughters and other female relatives. Eunuchs and enslaved servant girls were also part of the harem. During the later periods, the sons of the sultan lived i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harem |
Madaba | The first mosaics were discovered during the building of new houses using bricks from older buildings. The new inhabitants of Madaba, made conscious of the importance of the mosaics by their priests, made sure that they took care of and preserved all the mosaics that came to light.
The northern part of the city turned ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madaba |
Architecture of Mesopotamia | The palace came into existence during the Early Dynastic I period. From a rather modest beginning the palace grows in size and complexity as power is increasingly centralized. The palace is called a 'Big House' (Cuneiform: E₂.GAL Sumerian e₂-gal Akkdian: ekallu) where the lugal or ensi lived and worked.
The palaces of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_Mesopotamia |
Dhofar Governorate | J.G. Lorimer noted in his 1908 manuscript, the Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Oman and Central Arabia, that the two main tribes of Dhofar were the mountain-dwelling Al Qara tribe (for which the Qara Mountain Range was named) and the Al Kathiri tribes (Al-Shanfari, Al-Rawas, Al-Marhoon, Bait Fadhil, Al-Mardoof and Al-Ha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhofar_Governorate |
Islam in Iran | Most of the Sunni in Iran are Kurds, Achomi Persians, Turkmens, Arabs, Talysh and Baloch, living in the northwest, northeast, south and southeast, respectively, the provinces of West Azerbaijan, Kurdistan and Kermanshah (known collectively as Iranian Kurdistan), Golestan and North Khorasan (known collectively as Turkm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Iran |
Star Academy (Arabia) | Finalist Contestants:
-Star Academy 1:
.Mohamed Atteya (Egypt); Winner.
.Bashar Shatii (Kuwait).
-Star Academy 2:
.Hisham Abdulrahman (KSA); Winner.
.Amani Swisy (Tunisia).
-Star Academy 3:
.Joseph Atteya (Lebanon); Winner.
.Hani Hussein (Egypt).
.Han'a Idrissy (Morocco).
-Star Academy 4:
.Shatha Hassoun (Iraq); First ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Academy_(Arabia) |
Banu Kalb | Mu'awiya II died weeks into his rule, leaving the caliphate in disarray. Ibn Bahdal favored electing one of Yazid's other, younger sons as successor, while the influential, ousted governor of Iraq, Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad, favored an Umayyad from a different branch of the ruling family, Marwan ibn al-Hakam. The latter ha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banu_Kalb |
Oriental rug | Pile rugs and flat weaves were essential items in all rural households and nomadic tents. They were part of a tradition that was at times influenced, but essentially distinct from the invented designs of the workshop production. Frequently, mosques had acquired rural carpets as charitable gifts, which provided material... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental_rug |
Law | Certain civil wrongs are grouped together as torts under common law systems and delicts under civil law systems. To have acted tortiously, one must have breached a duty to another person, or infringed some pre-existing legal right. A simple example might be unintentionally hitting someone with a ball. Under the law of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law |
The Canon of Medicine | The temperaments are reported to be the interaction between the four different element's qualities, such as the conflict between dryness, wetness, cold, and hot. Avicenna suggests that these qualities battle between each other until an equilibrium state is reached and this state is known as the temperaments.: 57–65
Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Canon_of_Medicine |
Sin (mythology) | In Akkadian the moon god was called Sin (Sîn) or Suen (Su’en). The former is the standard reading of the name from the Old Babylonian period onward, while the latter was presumably the older uncontracted pronunciation. The etymology of this name remains uncertain. One of the inscriptions of Gudea from the third millenn... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin_(mythology) |
Road map for peace | Until 2004, the official U.S. position had been that Israel, in principle, should return to the 1949 armistice lines (the Green Line) and that changes to these lines must be mutually agreed to in final-status negotiations. Israel's ongoing settlement activities were criticised, because they prejudiced final-status nego... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_map_for_peace |
Euphrates | The early occupation of the Euphrates basin was limited to its upper reaches; that is, the area that is popularly known as the Fertile Crescent. Acheulean stone artifacts have been found in the Sajur basin and in the El Kowm oasis in the central Syrian steppe; the latter together with remains of Homo erectus that were ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphrates |
South Yemen | A few months after The Events of '86, the PDRY had discovered oil after more than 6 decades of unsuccessful exploration, the Soviet Union discovered oil in the Shabwah Governorate in late 1986, marking a turning point for the resource-scarce nation. Decades of unsuccessful exploration efforts, hampered by the harsh des... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Yemen |
Charles de Gaulle | Silver Cross of Virtuti Militari of Poland (1920)
Chief Commander of the US Legion of Merit (24 August 1945)
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Dragon of Annam (last awarded 1945)
Knight Grand Cross decorated with Grand Cordon of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (16 June 1959)
Knight of the Order of the Roy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle |
Balochistan | The name "Balochistan" is generally believed to derive from the name of the Baloch people. Since the Baloch people are not mentioned in pre-Islamic sources, it is likely that the Baloch were known by some other name in their place of origin and that they acquired the name "Baloch" only after arriving in Balochistan som... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochistan |
Al-Qaeda | Most of al-Qaeda's top leaders and operational directors were veterans who fought against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in the 1980s. Osama bin Laden and his deputy, Ayman al-Zawahiri, were the leaders who were considered the operational commanders of the organization. Nevertheless, al-Qaeda was not operationally ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda |
Middle Ages | The Middle Ages is the second of the three major periods in the most enduring scheme of analysing European history: antiquity, the Middle Ages and the modern era. The Italian Leonardo Bruni (d. 1444) was the first to use tripartite periodisation in 1442, and it became standard with the German historian Christoph Cellar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ages |
Ulama | In 1912, the Muhammadiyah organization was founded in Yogyakarta (in modern-day Indonesia), which, together with Nahdlatul Ulama ("Reawakening of the ulama"), founded in 1926, form the two largest Muslim organizations in the world. Since the 1930s, their religious boarding schools (pesantren) also taught mathematics, n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulama |
LGBT people and Islam | All nations currently having capital punishment as a potential penalty for homosexual activity are Muslim-majority countries and base those laws on interpretations of Islamic teachings, with the exception of Uganda. In 2020, the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA) released its mo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_people_and_Islam |
Geography of Jordan | The major characteristic of the climate is the contrast between a relatively rainy season from November to April and very dry weather for the rest of the year. With hot, dry, uniform summers and cool, variable winters during which practically all of the precipitation occurs, the country has a Mediterranean-style climat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Jordan |
Palestinians | The first Palestinian nationalist organizations emerged at the end of the World War I. Two political factions emerged. al-Muntada al-Adabi, dominated by the Nashashibi family, militated for the promotion of the Arabic language and culture, for the defense of Islamic values and for an independent Syria and Palestine. In... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinians |
Al-Aqsa | Allan, J. W. (1991). "New Additions to the New Edition". Muqarnas. 8: 12–22. doi:10.2307/1523148. JSTOR 1523148.
Bacharach, Jere L. (1996). "Marwanid Umayyad Building Activities: Speculations on Patronage". Muqarnas Online. 13: 27–44. doi:10.2307/1523250. JSTOR 1523250.
Bell, H. I. (1908). "The Aphrodito Papyri". The J... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsa |
Jewish Agency for Israel | The Jewish Agency still brings thousands of Jews to move to Israel each year. In 2014, The agency helped a total of nearly 26,500 olim (immigrants) make Aliyah, the highest number in 13 years. They noted significant growth in immigration from Ukraine and France. The agency continues to support these olim as they integr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Agency_for_Israel |
Mu'awiya I | Challenges to central authority in general, and to Mu'awiya's rule in particular, were most acute in Iraq, where divisions were rife between the ashraf upstarts and the nascent Muslim elite, the latter of which was further divided between Ali's partisans and the Kharijites. Mu'awiya's ascent signaled the rise of the Ku... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%27awiya_I |
Romanticism | Although after union with England in 1707 Scotland increasingly adopted English language and wider cultural norms, its literature developed a distinct national identity and began to enjoy an international reputation. Allan Ramsay (1686–1758) laid the foundations of a reawakening of interest in older Scottish literature... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanticism |
Yom Kippur War | On 7 October, David Elazar visited Shmuel Gonen, commander of the Israeli Southern Command—who had only taken the position three months before at the retirement of Ariel Sharon—and met with Israeli commanders. The Israelis planned a cautious counterattack for the following day by Avraham Adan's 162nd Armored Division. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War |
Mu'tazilism | During the Abbasid dynasty, the poet, theologian, and jurist, Ibrahim an-Nazzam founded a madhhab called the Nazzamiyya that rejected the authority of Hadiths by Abu Hurayra. His famous student, Al-Jahiz, was also critical of those who followed such Hadiths, referring to his Hadithist opponents as al-nabita ("the conte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%27tazilism |
Qatari folklore | Folktales vary widely in theme, ranging from mythical settings featuring jinn, ghouls and black magic, to themes that better reflect reality such as the natural environment, pearl diving or the rapid pace of urbanization. Jinn and the sea feature prominently in several stories. In Islamic tradition, jinn are intellige... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatari_folklore |
Ottoman architecture | After Sinan, the classical style became less creative and more repetitive by comparison with earlier periods. Davud Agha succeeded Sinan as chief architect. Among his most notable works, all in Istanbul, are the Cerrahpaşa Mosque (1593), the Koca Sinan Pasha Complex on Divanyolu (1593), the Gazanfer Ağa Medrese complex... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_architecture |
Resacralization of knowledge | According Jane I. Smith, Nasr seeks to restore the sacred quality of knowledge by reversing the process by which "secularized reason has been brought to bear on sacred traditions." For Nasr, the resuscitation of Tradition is vital to resacralizing knowledge, because "a de-traditionalized world cannot manifest the sacre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resacralization_of_knowledge |
Mesolithic | The terms "Paleolithic" and "Neolithic" were introduced by John Lubbock in his work Pre-historic Times in 1865. The additional "Mesolithic" category was added as an intermediate category by Hodder Westropp in 1866. Westropp's suggestion was immediately controversial. A British school led by John Evans denied any need ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesolithic |
Socotra | Agafonov, Vladimir (2007). "Temethel as the Brightest Element of Soqotran Folk Poetry". Folia Orientalia. 42/43 (2006/07): 241–249.
Agafonov, Vladimir (2013). Mehazelo – Cinderella of Socotra. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 978-1482319224.
Botting, Douglas (2006) [1958]. Island of the Dragon's Blood ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socotra |
Hafez al-Assad | According to Patrick Seale, Hafez's rule "began with an immediate and considerable advantage: the government he displaced was so detested that any alternative came as a relief". He first tried to establish national unity, which he felt had been lost under the leadership of Aflaq and Jadid. Hafez differed from his prede... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad |
Media of Sudan | The first newspaper in Sudan, called El Sudan, began publication on 23 September 1903. With two pages in English and another two in Arabic and two editions per week, it was produced and edited by Syrian businessmen who also imported the first printing press into the country. There were hardly any Sudanese readers, and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_of_Sudan |
Miracles of Muhammad | Contrary to those of biblical prophets, claims of miracles attributed to Muhammad are not consistently incorporated into a cohesive life narrative. Some collections simply list these miracles, primarily aiming to showcase that Muhammad performed miracles similar to earlier prophets, particularly Jesus, rather than delv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miracles_of_Muhammad |
Safa Khulusi | From the end of the 19th century, the rise to prominence of talented radical poets Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi (1863–1936) and Ma'ruf al-Rusafi (1875–1945) popularised poetry containing social and political themes. According to Khulusi, both Zahawi and Rusafi learned from contemporary Turkish poets, such as Tawfiq Fikrat, th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safa_Khulusi |
Babylonia | Medical diagnosis and prognosis
We find [medical semiotics] in a whole constellation of disciplines. ... There was a real common ground among these [Babylonian] forms of knowledge ... an approach involving analysis of particular cases, constructed only through traces, symptoms, hints. ... In short, we can speak about ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonia |
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