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15125634 | Cohesin component dynamics during meiotic prophase I in mammalian oocytes. | Cohesins are chromosomal proteins that form complexes involved in the maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion during division of somatic and germ cells. Three meiosis-specific cohesin subunits have been reported in mammals, REC8, STAG3 and SMC1 beta; their expression in mouse spermatocytes has also been described. Her... |
15116423 | Tandem mass spectrometry of half-generation PAMAM dendrimer anions. | Ions derived from negative electrospray ionization of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer generation 0.5 were subjected to ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. Ion/ion proton transfer reactions were used to manipulate the charge states of PAMAM precursor ions to form lower charge states from those initially formed by electr... |
15112552 | Formation of nanoparticle arrays on S-layer protein lattices. | Crystalline bacterial cell surface layers (S-layers) composed of identical protein units have been used as binding templates for well-organized arrangements of nanoparticles. Isolated S-layer proteins were recrystallized into monomolecular arrays on solid substrates (such as silicon wafers and SiO2-coated grids) and in... |
15112541 | Recent advances in polymer nanofibers. | Polymer nanofibers, with diameters in the nanometer range, possess larger surface areas per unit mass and permit easier addition of surface functionalities compared with polymer microfibers. Hence, polymer nanofiber mats are being considered for use as filters, scaffolds for tissue engineering, protective clothing, rei... |
15110168 | Specificity of molecular recognition learned from the crystal structures of TRAIL and the TRAIL:sDR5 complex. | TRAIL is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. TRAIL has drawn a lasting attention because of its selectivity and efficacy in inducing apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells but not in normal cells. The structures of both TRAIL and the protein in complex with the extracellular domain of death recepto... |
15108082 | A prostacyclin analogue, OP-41483alpha-CD, restores the ability of a beta2-adrenergic agonist to stimulate alveolar fluid clearance in rats. | <h4>Purpose</h4>It is not yet known whether a prostacyclin analogue can affect alveolar fluid clearance. According to recent studies, high-dose (10(-3) M) terbutaline, a beta(2)-adrenergic agonist, failed to increase alveolar fluid clearance. Therefore, we examined the effects of OP-41483alpha-CD, a prostacyclin analog... |
15100483 | Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A comparison of fragmentation patterns of linear dextran obtained by in-source decay, post-source decay and collision-induced dissociation and the stability of linear and cyclic glucans studied by in-source decay. | In the first part of this study fragmentation patterns from a range of dextran oligomers (containing 4-20 anhydroglucose units) were compared in three different methods of analysis coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation (MALDI) mass spectrometry. Collision-induced-dissociation (CID), prompt in-source ... |
15100476 | Depression of the apparent chiral recognition ability obtained in the host-guest complexation systems by electrospray and nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. | Chiral recognition in the host-guest complexation systems of chiral crown ether hosts and amino ester guests was thoroughly examined using the electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry/enantiomer labeled (EL)-guest method. In this method, the mass spectra of a mixture of three components in a solution, a chiral h... |
15090256 | Discovery of the Porosome: revealing the molecular mechanism of secretion and membrane fusion in cells. | Secretion and membrane fusion are fundamental cellular processes involved in the physiology of health and disease. Studies within the past decade reveal the molecular mechanism of secretion and membrane fusion in cells. Studies reveal that membrane-bound secretory vesicles dock and fuse at porosomes, which are speciali... |
15085571 | Study of insolubility problems of dexamethasone and digoxin: cyclodextrin complexation. | Cyclodextrins are able to form inclusion complexes with a number of drugs if their molecular dimensions correspond to those of the cyclodextrin cavity which leads to change of physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of drugs. 2-Hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin (HP beta CD) is suitable for parenteral application... |
15083920 | Causes and prognosis of nontraumatic acute renal failure requiring dialysis in adult patients with and without diabetes. | Despite advanced techniques of renal replacement therapy the overall mortality of patients with ARF is still high. The majority of patients with ARF requiring dialysis are those with nontraumatic ARF. In a retrospective study we compared the causes of nontraumatic ARF, the risk factors for the development of renal fail... |
15078590 | Emerging issues in virus taxonomy. | Viruses occupy a unique position in biology. Although they possess some of the properties of living systems such as having a genome, they are actually nonliving infectious entities and should not be considered microorganisms. A clear distinction should be drawn between the terms virus, virion, and virus species. Specie... |
15078216 | Partial agonists for A(3) adenosine receptors. | Selective agonists for A(3) adenosine receptors (ARs) could potentially be therapeutic agents for a variety of disorders, including brain and heart ischemic conditions, while partial agonists may have advantages over full agonists as a result of an increased selectivity of action. A number of structural determinants fo... |
15078212 | Molecular recognition at purine and pyrimidine nucleotide (P2) receptors. | In comparison to other classes of cell surface receptors, the medicinal chemistry at P2X (ligand-gated ion channels) and P2Y (G protein-coupled) nucleotide receptors has been relatively slow to develop. Recent effort to design selective agonists and antagonists based on a combination of library screening, empirical mod... |
15068671 | Calpain activity is generally elevated during transformation but has oncogene-specific biological functions. | Several oncogene and tumor-suppressor gene products are known substrates for the calpain family of cysteine proteases, and calpain is required for transformation by v-src and tumor invasion. Thus, we have now addressed whether calpain is generally associated with transformation and how calpain contributes to oncogene f... |
15065655 | Disentangling DNA during replication: a tale of two strands. | The seminal papers by Watson and Crick in 1953 on the structure and function of DNA clearly enunciated the challenge their model presented of how the intertwined strands of DNA are unwound and separated for replication to occur. We first give a historical overview of the major discoveries in the past 50 years that addr... |
15057867 | The stepwise supramolecular organisation of guanosine derivatives. | Several supramolecular architectures generated by guanosine derivatives are described. The research started from the fortuitous observation of a lyotropic behavior exhibited by a guanylic nucleotide in water. This observation stimulated extensive research on several natural and lipophilic guanosine derivatives which se... |
15053487 | The evolution of a neo-XY1Y2 sex chromosome system by autosome-sex chromosome fusion in Dundocoris nodulicarinus Jacobs (Heteroptera: Aradidae: Carventinae). | Sibling subspecies of Dundocoris nodulicarinus, inhabiting different isolated indigenous evergreen forests in South Africa, have chromosome numbers of 2n(male) = 14XY, 9XY1Y2 and 7XY1Y2. The ancestral chromosome number of Dundocoris is probably 2n(male) = 28XY and several chromosome fusions were involved in the karyoty... |
15053486 | Non-random positioning of chromosomes in human sperm nuclei. | In human spermatozoa, the arrangement of chromosomes is non-random. Characteristic features are association of centromeres in the interior chromocenter and peripheral location of telomeres. In this paper, we have investigated the highest level of order in DNA packing in sperm--absolute and relative intranuclear chromos... |
15053485 | Activity of the En/Spm-like transposons in meiosis as a base for chromosome repatterning in a small, isolated, peripheral population of Aegilops speltoides Tausch. | Chromosomal repatterning is considered to be one of the main mechanisms for plant genome evolution. Here, we report the first cytogenetic evidence for the involvement of En/Spm transposons in ongoing chromosomal repatterning leading to the rise of new fertile genomic forms in a small, isolated, peripheral plant populat... |
15053484 | Chromosome paints from single copies of chromosomes. | We have used OmniPlex library technology to construct chromosome painting probes from single copies of flow sorted chromosomes. We show that this whole genome amplification technology is particularly efficient at amplifying single copies of chromosomes for the production of paints and that single aberrant chromosomes c... |
15053483 | Monosomy 1p36 breakpoints indicate repetitive DNA sequence elements may be involved in generating and/or stabilizing some terminal deletions. | Monosomy 1p36 is the most commonly observed terminal deletion syndrome in humans. Our previous molecular studies on a large cohort of subjects suggest that monosomy 1p36 can result from a variety of chromosomal rearrangements including terminal truncations, interstitial deletions, derivative chromosomes, inverted dupli... |
15053482 | Reduced recombination in maternal meiosis coupled with non-disjunction at meiosis II leading to recurrent 47,XXX. | We determined the meiotic origin and the stage of non-disjunction of the extra X chromosomes in two sisters with 47,XXX chromosomal complements. Segregation of the X chromosomes in all family members was analyzed using X-linked short tandem repeat polymorphic (STRP) markers. Densitometric analysis of two STRP markers c... |
15053481 | A PCR-based assay to detect hAT-like transposon sequences in plants. | Despite their potential as endogenous tools for forward and reverse genetics, members of the hobo, Ac, Tam3 (or hAT) superfamily of transposable elements have been characterized in but a limited number of plant species. To expedite their isolation, we developed a PCR-based assay for the detection of hAT-like transposon... |
15068003 | Genome differentiation by GISH in interspecific and intergeneric hybrids of tomato and related nightshades. | We employed genomic in situ hybridization to analyze the chromosomal constitution and pairing of interspecific and intergeneric hybrids involving cultivated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and two related wild nightshade species, Solanum lycopersicoides and S. sitiens. Using standard stringency conditions, the tomato ... |
15052578 | The formation of complexes by tetraethylresorcarene with planar guest ions studied by electrospray ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. | Resorcarenes have become a popular subject of study in the field of supramolecular chemistry. In this work the formation of host-guest complexes between a synthetic macrocyclic host, tetraethylresorcarene, and various eligible planar guests, was studied by mass spectrometric methods. The size and nature of the guest io... |
15046812 | High-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy for molecules. | Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) can detect individual molecular configuration with its high spatial resolution ability, but some intrinsical and extrinsic factors result in the complexities of STM imaging of single molecules. By combining STM experimental work and theoretical simulation with the local density appro... |
15048147 | Plasmid condensation induced by cationic compounds: hydrophilic polylysine and amphiphilic cationic lipid. | The construction of an efficient carrier for genetic material is a major research objective that needs to be achieved before gene therapy can become a viable pharmacological approach. Artificial aggregates containing nucleic acids are one of the options for the systemic delivery of genetic information. The diversity of... |
15040299 | [Dendrimers based lysine and their "starburst" polymeric derivatives: prospects of use in compacting DNA and in vitro delivery of genetic constructs]. | We attempted to find some compounds for the effective delivery of gene constructs into cells and obtained two trispherical dendrimers on the basis of lysine, (Lys)8-(alpha, epsilon-Lys)4-(alpha, epsilon-Lys)2-(alpha, epsilon-Lys)-Ala-NH2 (D1) and (Lys)8-(alpha, epsilon-Lys)4-(alpha, epsilon-Lys)2-(alpha, epsilon-Lys)-A... |
15027845 | Poly(ethylene oxide) surfactant polymers. | We report on a series of structurally well-defined surfactant polymers that undergo surface-induced self-assembly on hydrophobic biomaterial surfaces. The surfactant polymers consist of a poly(vinyl amine) backbone with poly(ethylene oxide) and hexanal pendant groups. The poly(vinyl amine) (PVAm) was synthesized by hyd... |
15027649 | Separation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. | The use of sodium dodecyl sulfate, urea, beta-cyclodextrin, and methanol as additives to the electrophoretic medium containing a Na2HPO4-boric acid buffer in the micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and three isomers of xylene (collectively known as BTEX) was investigated.... |
15020425 | The Drosophila GAGA factor is required for dosage compensation in males and for the formation of the male-specific-lethal complex chromatin entry site at 12DE. | Drosophila melanogaster males have one X chromosome, while females have two. To compensate for the resulting disparity in X-linked gene expression between the two sexes, most genes from the male X chromosome are hyperactivated by a special dosage compensation system. Dosage compensation is achieved by a complex of at l... |
15017047 | Selection in vitro of allosteric ribozymes. | The capacities of RNA for both catalysis and molecular recognition have been appreciated for some time. Recently, a number of studies have shown that these distinct functional classes may be combined to generate multipartite ribozymes in which the catalytic and ligand-binding elements act coordinately. In this chapter,... |
15009925 | Chitin mineralization. | The polysaccharide chitin is found in nature as a major component of the organic fraction of several biocomposites in which an organic matrix is associated with an inorganic fraction. The relationship between the mineral phase and the organic phase implies a high level of molecular recognition. Chitin in mineralized bi... |
15000434 | Influence of cyclodextrin complexation on the in vivo photoprotective effects of oxybenzone. | The objective of the current study was to investigate the influence of cyclodextrin complexation on the in vivo photoprotective effects of a model ultraviolet (UV) absorber, oxybenzone, and to compare these novel sunscreens to a commercial SPF 30 sunscreen product. Aqueous-based solutions and suspensions containing 2.7... |
15000430 | Valproic acid-hydrophilic cyclodextrin complexes and valproic acid-solid dispersions: evaluation of their potential pharmaceutical use. | The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential use of two novel solid formulations of valproic acid (VPA) prepared by complexation with hydrophilic cyclodextrins (CDs) as hydroxypropyl-beta- and sulfobutylether-beta-cyclodextrin and by solid dispersion (SD) in hydrophilic carriers as polyethylene glycol 6000 (... |
14997478 | Dendritic oligoguanidines as intracellular translocators. | A series of polyguanidylated dendritic structures that can be used as molecular translocators have been designed and synthesized based on nonpeptide units. The dendritic oligoguanidines conjugated with fluorescein or with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) mutant as cargos were isolated and characterized. Quantification... |
14997475 | On selectivity and sensitivity of synthetic multifunctional pores as enzyme sensors: discrimination between ATP and ADP and comparison with biological pores. | This report delineates scope and limitation of the selectivity of synthetic multifunctional pores as enzyme sensors using glycolytic enzymes as example (G. Das, P. Talukdar, and S. Matile, Science, 2002, Vol. 298, pp. 1600-1602). Unproblematic detectability of hexokinase and phosphofructokinase demonstrates that the se... |
14987836 | Inclusion complexes of 2-chloroethylnitrososulfamides (CENS) with beta-cyclodextrin. | Host-guest association between four CENS (derivated from piperidine, dibenzylamine, dicyclohexylamine and methyl prolinate) and beta-cyclodextrin was carried out in solution and solid state. Characterisation, stoichiometry, solubility, dissociation constants and stability of such complexes were studied, showing that th... |
14984204 | Stabilization and characterization of histidine-tagged homocitrate synthase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. | Histidine-tagged homocitrate synthase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was purified to about 98% using a Ni-NTA resin and stabilized using a combination of 100 mM guanidine hydrochloride, 100 mM alpha-cyclodextrin, and 600 mM ammonium sulfate. The enzyme was assayed using dichlorophenol indophenol (DCPIP) as an oxidant to... |
14984105 | Flow karyotypes and chromosomal DNA contents of genus Triticum species and rye (Secale cereale). | The flow cytometry and chromosome imaging method were jointly used for analyzing genome content and chromosomal DNA content of hexaploid wheat (AABBDD), hexaploid triticale (AABBRR), tetraploid wheat (AABB), and AA, BB, DD genome donors and RR genome rye. Their genome sizes were 34.4 pg, 40.9 pg, 26.2 pg, 12.1 pg, 13.7... |
14984104 | Flow cytogenetics and plant genome mapping. | The application of flow cytometry and sorting (flow cytogenetics) to plant chromosomes did not begin until the mid-1980s, having been delayed by difficulties in preparation of suspensions of intact chromosomes and discrimination of individual chromosome types. These problems have been overcome during the last ten years... |
14984103 | Refined genome-wide comparative map of the domestic horse, donkey and human based on cross-species chromosome painting: insight into the occasional fertility of mules. | We have made a complete set of painting probes for the domestic horse by degenerate oligonucleotide-primed PCR amplification of flow-sorted horse chromosomes. The horse probes, together with a full set of those available for human, were hybridized onto metaphase chromosomes of human, horse and mule. Based on the hybrid... |
14984102 | Chromosome evolution in bears: reconstructing phylogenetic relationships by cross-species chromosome painting. | Genome-wide homology maps among dog (Canis familiaris, CFA, 2n = 78), African lion (Panthera leo, PLE, 2n = 38), clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa, NNE, 2n = 38) and Malayan sun bear (Helartos malayanus, HMA, 2n = 74) have been established by chromosome painting using a complete set of dog probes. In total, chromosome... |
14984101 | A chromosome painting test of the basal eutherian karyotype. | We studied the chromosomes of an Afrotherian species, the short-eared elephant shrew Macroscelides proboscideus with traditional banding techniques and mapped the homology to human chromosomes by in-situ hybridization of human chromosome paints. Here we present for the first time the karyotype of this species, includin... |
14984100 | Applications of combined DNA microarray and chromosome sorting technologies. | The sequencing of the human genome has led to the availability of an extensive mapped clone resource that is ideal for the construction of DNA microarrays. These genomic clone microarrays have largely been used for comparative genomic hybridisation studies of tumours to enable accurate measurement of copy number change... |
14984099 | Reverse painting highlights the origin of chromosome aberrations. | Reverse chromosome painting, as the opposite of forward chromosome painting, means that an abnormal chromosome of interest is recovered by flow sorting or by chromosome microdissection, amplified and labelled by DOP-PCR and hybridized onto normal metaphases of optimal quality. This provides rapid and unequivocal inform... |
14984098 | Multicolor chromosome painting in diagnostic and research applications. | For many years whole chromosome painting probes have been the work-horses in a large variety of clinical and research molecular cytogenetic applications. In recent years painting probes have been complemented by an increasing number of further region-specific probes, which allow the specific staining of centromeres, su... |
14984097 | High-speed chromosome sorting. | Structural and genetic characterization of chromosomes is necessary to understand both normal and pathologic physiology in any species. Flow cytometry and cell sorting technologies provide a means for precise measurement of chromosomal makeup as well as for the isolation of specific chromosomes for further study. Advan... |
14978799 | Negative ion mass spectra of Cys-containing peptides. The characteristic Cys gamma backbone cleavage: a joint experimental and theoretical study. | The Cys residue initiates characteristic backbone cleavages of [M-H](-) anions of Cys-containing peptides. A combination of experiment and theory suggests that these processes are initiated by molecular recognition between the C-terminal CONH(-) group (in this study all peptides have C-terminal CONH(2) groups) and the ... |
14974716 | Diastereoselective self-aggregation of synthetic 3-(1-hydroxyethyl)-bacteriopyrochlophyll-a as a novel photosynthetic antenna model absorbing near the infrared regions. | 3-Deacetyl-3-(1-hydroxyethyl)bacteriopyrochlorophyll-a (1), 7,8-dihydrobacteriochlorophyll-d possessing 8-ethyl, 12-methyl and 17(4)-phytyl groups, was prepared by modifying naturally occurring bacteriochlorophyll-a. The synthetic 3(1)-epimers were separated by high-performance liquid chromotagraphy, and the absolute c... |
14973356 | Lack of association between perlecan gene intron 6 BamHI polymorphism and risk of mitral valve prolapse in Taiwan Chinese. | Abnormalities of proteoglycan, collagen, and elastic fibers were found in floppy mitral valves. Perlecan is one of the three major classes of heparan sulfate proteoglycans within the cardiovascular system. The role of perlecan genetic variant in mitral valve prolapse (MVP) has not been studied. We therefore performed a... |
14971036 | The neuronal protein Kidins220 localizes in a raft compartment at the leading edge of motile immature dendritic cells. | Kidins220, a protein predominantly expressed in neural tissues, is the first physiological substrate for protein kinase D (PKD). We show that Kidins220 is expressed in monocyte-derived and in peripheral blood immature dendritic cells (im DC). Immature DC (im DC) migrate onto extracellular matrices changing cyclically f... |
14965413 | High-performance liquid chromatographic stationary phases based on silica coated by in situ polymerization of a methacryloyl beta-cyclodextrin monomer: synthesis, characterization, and chromatographic evaluation. | Porous silica beads have been coated with a 2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin polymer by in situ free-radical polymerization in water. This system has been developed for use as a stationary phase in high-performance liquid chromatography. In the conditions used, the coating efficiency is controlled by... |
14965411 | Chiral separation of deprenyl-N-oxide isomers by capillary electrophoresis using various cyclodextrin derivatives. | Chiral separation of deprenyl-N-oxide isomers is presented using capillary electrophoresis in the presence of various cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives. This recently identified metabolite of R-(-)-deprenyl may possess desirable pharmacological activities. The effect of the cavity size and the substituents of the CD are ex... |
14964418 | Influence of cyclodextrin complexation on the photodegradation and antioxidant activity of alpha-tocopherol. | The influence of complexation with beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD), hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) or hydroxypropyl-gamma-cyclodextrin (HP-gamma-CD) on the antioxidant activity and light-induced decomposition of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) was investigated. The interaction of the vitamin with the cyclodextri... |
14964417 | Preparation of solid drug/cyclodextrin complexes of acidic and basic drugs. | One of the main obstacles in pharmaceutical applications of cyclodextrins is their increase of the formulation bulk. Even at maximum incorporation 500 mg of a solid drug/cyclodextrin complex will only contain between 50 and 125 mg of the drug, assuming a low molecular weight drug (MW 200 to 400 Dalton) and an average m... |
14959886 | An unsaturated peptidomimetic assembly derived from a carbohydrate. | A strategy has been established for the synthesis of peptidomimetics derived from unsaturated carbohydrates, and exemplified by the use of methyl 2,6-anhydro-7-azido-3,7-deoxy-4,5-O-isopropylidene-D-lyxo-hept-2-enonate 9 as a dipeptide 'monomer' which can be elaborated from either end. Selective reduction of 9 gives a ... |
14872432 | Emerging risks and outcomes of blood transfusion in surgery. | Prior to 1900, blood transfusions were fraught with danger and often caused more complications than the underlying disease. Discovery of the ABO compatibility system in the early twentieth century opened the modern era of blood transfusion, yet ABO incompatibility-as a result of clerical error-remains a significant thr... |
14872540 | Enhanced recognition of cystic fibrosis W1282X DNA point mutation by chiral peptide nucleic acid probes by a surface plasmon resonance biosensor. | Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) containing an insert of three chiral monomers based on D-lysine ('chiral box') were synthesized and used as probes in Biospecific Interaction Analysis (BIA) for the recognition of DNA containing the W1282X point mutation of the cystic fibrosis gene. Hybridization experiments carried out in ... |
14872539 | Calix[8]arene-mediated self-assembly of tetrapeptide H-Leu-Leu-Ile-Leu-OMe. | Conformational analysis of peptide 1, H-Leu-Leu-Ile-Leu-OMe on complexing with macro cycle calix[8]arene has been carried out using (1)H-NMR and FTIR spectroscopic techniques. Stoichiometry of the complex formed in the 1:8 ratio was evidenced by a Job plot. NMR studies of the above peptide show a marked downfield shift... |
14872538 | Selection of antibody fragments specific for an alpha-helix region of acylphosphatase. | The native state of common-type acylphosphatase (AcP) elicits two alpha-helices spanning residues 22-32 and 55-67 in the protein sequence. A peptide corresponding to the second alpha-helix (helix-2) of the protein was used to select phage antibodies consisting of a single chain fragment variable. The selection was perf... |
14872537 | Identification of the substrate-binding exosites of two snake venom serine proteinases: molecular basis for the partition of two essential functions of thrombin. | The venom of the South American snake Bothrops jararaca contains two serine proteinases, bothrombin and the platelet-aggregating enzyme PA-BJ, which share 66% sequence identity. Each of these proteinases possesses one of the two essential procoagulant functions of thrombin-the clotting of fibrinogen and platelet aggreg... |
14872536 | CAD-ICAD complex structure derived from saturation transfer experiment and simulated annealing without using pairwise NOE information. | Saturation transfer experiments were performed for the (2)H- and (15)N-labeled mouse CAD domain of the caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease and the CAD domain of its inhibitor to reveal the protein-protein complexed conformation. Based on the physical model for the spin diffusion, a novel method was developed to reconst... |
14872535 | Mapping of senescent cell antigen on brain anion exchanger protein (AE) isoforms using HPLC and fast atom bombardment ionization mass spectrometry (FAB-MS). | Molecular recognition of senescent cells involves oxidation of a crucial membrane protein leading to generation of a neoantigen, called 'senescent cell antigen' (SCA), and binding of physiologic autoantibodies. These IgG autoantibodies trigger macrophage removal of the cell prior to its lysis at a time when anion trans... |
14872534 | IMGT standardized criteria for statistical analysis of immunoglobulin V-REGION amino acid properties. | IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system(R) (http://imgt.cines.fr) is a high-quality integrated information system specializing in immunoglobulins (IG), T cell receptors (TR) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of human and other vertebrates. IMGT comprises IMGT/LIGM-DB, the comprehensive databa... |
14872533 | Protein stabilization by salt bridges: concepts, experimental approaches and clarification of some misunderstandings. | Salt bridges in proteins are bonds between oppositely charged residues that are sufficiently close to each other to experience electrostatic attraction. They contribute to protein structure and to the specificity of interaction of proteins with other biomolecules, but in doing so they need not necessarily increase a pr... |
14763853 | Solid-phase refolding of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase adsorbed on cation-exchange resin. | Expression with a fusion partner is now a popular scheme to produce a protein of interest because it provides a generic tool for expression and purification. In our previous study, a strong polycationic tail has been harnessed for an efficient purification scheme. Here, the same polycation tail attached to a protein of... |
14760845 | Preparation and characteristics of sol-gel-coated calix[4]arene fiber for solid-phase microextraction. | 5,11,17,23-Tetra-tert-butyl-25,27-diethoxy-26,28-dihydroxycalix[4]arene/hydroxy-terminated silicone oil coated fiber was first prepared and applied for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with sol-gel technology. The possible sol-gel mechanism was discussed and confirmed by IR spectra. It showed wonderful selectivity an... |
14759370 | Structural mechanism of the bromodomain of the coactivator CBP in p53 transcriptional activation. | Lysine acetylation of the tumor suppressor protein p53 in response to a wide variety of cellular stress signals is required for its activation as a transcription factor that regulates cell cycle arrest, senescence, or apoptosis. Here, we report that the conserved bromo-domain of the transcriptional coactivator CBP (CRE... |
14757363 | Physiological T cell activation starts and propagates in lipid rafts. | Lipid rafts are plasma membrane compartments enriched in key signaling molecules. We have previously shown that in T lymphocytes anti-CD3 stimulation is insensitive to cholesterol extraction by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MbetaCD), suggesting that anti-CD3 induced signal transduction is independent of raft integrity. Her... |
14757215 | Important role of raft aggregation in the signaling events of cold-induced platelet activation. | When human platelets are chilled below 20 degrees C, they undergo cold-induced activation. We have previously shown that cold activation correlates with the main phospholipid phase transition (10-20 degrees C) and induces the formation of large raft aggregates. In addition, we found that the glycoprotein CD36 is select... |
14754416 | Self-assembling nucleic acid delivery vehicles via linear, water-soluble, cyclodextrin-containing polymers. | Non-viral (synthetic) nucleic acid delivery systems have the potential to provide for the practical application of nucleic acid-based therapeutics. We have designed and prepared a tunable, non-viral nucleic acid delivery system that self-assembles with nucleic acids and centers around a new class of polymeric materials... |
14755695 | G-quartets 40 years later: from 5'-GMP to molecular biology and supramolecular chemistry. | Molecular self-assembly is central to many processes in both biology and supramolecular chemistry. The G-quartet, a hydrogen-bonded macrocycle formed by cation-templated assembly of guanosine, was first identified in 1962 as the basis for the aggregation of 5'-guanosine monophosphate. We now know that many nucleosides,... |
18007295 | Synthesis of unsymmetrical annulated 2,2'-bipyridine analogues with attached cycloalkene and piperidine rings via sequential Diels-Alder Reaction of 5,5'-bi-1,2,4-triazines. | Synthesis of bisfunctionalized unsymmetrical 2,2'-bipyridines 8 or their sulfonyl derivatives 12a,b are described. They were prepared via the Diels-Alder reaction of 1-methyl-4-pyrrolidin-1-yl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (6) with 3,3'-bis(methyl- sulfanyl)-5,5'-bi-1,2,4-triazine (1). The reaction leads to the single cyc... |
16407187 | Cholesterol-regulated translocation of NPC1L1 to the cell surface facilitates free cholesterol uptake. | Although NPC1L1 is required for intestinal cholesterol absorption, data demonstrating mechanisms by which this protein facilitates the process are few. In this study, a hepatoma cell line stably expressing human NPC1L1 was established, and cholesterol uptake was studied. A relationship between NPC1L1 intracellular traf... |
16387781 | Classical nucleation theory of virus capsids. | A fundamental step in the replication of a viral particle is the self-assembly of its rigid shell (capsid) from its constituent proteins. Capsids play a vital role in genome replication and intercellular movement of viruses, and as such, understanding viral assembly has great potential in the development of new antivir... |
16387778 | Conformation and environment of channel-forming peptides: a simulation study. | Ion channel-forming peptides enable us to study the conformational dynamics of a transmembrane helix as a function of sequence and environment. Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the conformation and dynamics of three 22-residue peptides derived from the second transmembrane domain of the glycine receptor... |
16387776 | Redesigning channel-forming peptides: amino acid substitutions that enhance rates of supramolecular self-assembly and raise ion transport activity. | Three series of 22-residue peptides derived from the transmembrane M2 segment of the glycine receptor alpha1-subunit (M2GlyR) have been designed, synthesized, and tested to determine the plasticity of a channel-forming sequence and to define whether channel pores with enhanced conductive properties could be created. Si... |
16387768 | Coarse-grained strategy for modeling protein stability in concentrated solutions. II: phase behavior. | We use highly efficient transition-matrix Monte Carlo simulations to determine equilibrium unfolding curves and fluid phase boundaries for solutions of coarse-grained globular proteins. The model we analyze derives the intrinsic stability of the native state and protein-protein interactions from basic information about... |
16407178 | Fibrillins 1 and 2 perform partially overlapping functions during aortic development. | Fibrillin-rich microfibrils are extracellular assemblies that impart structural properties to the connective tissue. To elucidate the contribution of fibrillin-rich microfibrils to organogenesis, we have examined the vascular phenotype of a newly created strain of mice that completely lacks fibrillin-1 and the conseque... |
16386459 | Water trapped in dibenzo-18-crown-6: theoretical and spectroscopic (IR, Raman) studies. | Experimental (IR and Raman) and theoretical (Kohn-Sham calculations) methods are used in a combined analysis aimed at refining the available structural data concerning the molecular guests in channels formed by stacked dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB18C6) crown ether. The calculations are performed for a simplified model compri... |
16386421 | Cyclodextrin-grafted polysaccharides as supramolecular carrier systems for naproxen. | Dextran, mannan and carboxymethylcellulose, previously activated by periodate oxidation, were grafted with beta-cyclodextrin moieties by reductive alkylation in the presence of sodium borohydride. These polymers were used as supramolecular carriers for naproxen, improving the "in vivo" anti-inflammatory properties of t... |
16386236 | Syntheses of a series of lacto-N-neotetraose clusters using a carbosilane dendrimer scaffold. | 4-Pentenyl (2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-d-galactopyranosyl)-(1-->4)-(3,6-di-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-beta-d-glucopyranosyl)-(1-->3)-(2,6-di-O-benzoyl-beta-d-galactopyranosyl)-(1-->4)-2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside (4) was synthesized by regioselective glycosylation of 4-pentenyl (2,6,-di-O-benzoyl-bet... |
16381817 | The E7 proteins of low- and high-risk human papillomaviruses share the ability to target the pRB family member p130 for degradation. | High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) (e.g., HPV-16) cause anogenital and head and neck cancers, and low-risk HPVs (e.g., HPV-6) cause benign hyperproliferative disease. The E7 protein of HPV-16 binds all retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (pRB) family members with higher affinity than HPV-6E7. The HPV-16 E7 pro... |
16407180 | Docking studies show that D-glucose and quercetin slide through the transporter GLUT1. | On a three-dimensional templated model of GLUT1 (Protein Data Bank code 1SUK), a molecular recognition program, AUTODOCK 3, reveals nine hexose-binding clusters spanning the entire "hydrophilic" channel. Five of these cluster sites are within 3-5 A of 10 glucose transporter deficiency syndrome missense mutations. Anoth... |
16417973 | Ring-Toss: Capping highly exposed tyrosyl or tryptophyl residues in proteins with beta-cyclodextrin. | We have used UV difference spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy to study the perturbation by beta-cyclodextrin of tyrosyl or tryptophyl residues located at each of the 10 variable consensus contact positions in the third domain of turkey ovomucoid. The goal was to monitor the accessibility of the side chain rings... |
16384706 | Cyclodextrin retinylidene: a biomimetic kinetic trap model for rhodopsin. | All trans retinal was attached to both the primary face and the secondary face of beta-cyclodextrin via a Schiff base linkage, analogous to that in rhodopsin. The new models were evaluated and compared with n-butylamine retinylidene Schiff base for their rates of hydrolysis, and factors that influence such rates. Compe... |
16384673 | Synthesis, characterization and stability of dendrimer prodrugs. | The design, synthesis and characterization of a series of zero generation (G0) PAMAM dendrimer-based prodrugs for the potential enhancement of drug solubility and bioavailability are described. Naproxen, a poorly water-soluble drug, was conjugated to dendrimers either directly by an amide bond or by ester bonds using e... |
16384601 | Synthesis and characterization of Sn(IV) complexes of lower rim 1,3-diacid derivative of calix[4]arene and their protective effects on tissue oxidative stress and essential metal concentration in lead exposed male Wistar rats. | The two Sn(IV) complexes synthesized using calix[4]arene-1,3-di-acid derivative were characterized by analytical, (1)H, (13)C and (119)Sn NMR, matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass, and (119)Sn Mossbauer techniques and found that the complexes are tetranuclear possessing structurally two different types of t... |
16384573 | Solid-phase microextraction coupled with capillary electrophoresis for the determination of propranolol enantiomers in urine using a sol-gel derived calix[4]arene fiber. | A new type of diglycidyloxy-calix[4]arene coated fiber made by sol-gel method was initially prepared for capillary electrophoresis (CE) sample pretreatment. By using headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) combined with a novel back-extraction facility coupled off-line to capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), the ... |
16380160 | Analysis of residual monomers in dendritic methacrylate copolymers and composites by HPLC and headspace-GC/MS. | <h4>Objectives</h4>The aim of this study was to analyze the residual monomer content of photopolymerized dendritic methacrylate copolymers and particulate filler composites. Headspace-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-GC/MS) was compared with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).<h4>Methods</h4>The resi... |
16377234 | Spectroscopic and conductometric studies of molecular complex formation between 2,4,6-trinitrophenol and diaza-18-crown-6, tetraaza-14-crown-4 and cryptand C222 in 1,2-dichloroethane solution. | The formation of molecular complexes between 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) and aza-substituted macrocycles diaza-18-crown-6 (DA18C6), tetraaza-14-crown-4 (TA14C4) and cryptand C222 in 1,2-dichloroethane solution was investigated spectrophotometrically and conductometrically. The mole ratio and continuous variations studie... |
16377107 | Formulation and biological evaluation of glimepiride-cyclodextrin-polymer systems. | Glimepiride is one of the third generation sulfonylureas used for treatment of type 2 diabetes. Poor aqueous solubility and slow dissolution rate of the drug lead to irreproducible clinical response or therapeutic failure in some cases due to subtherapeutic plasma drug levels. Consequently, the rationale of this study ... |
16377106 | Self-assembled drug delivery systems. 1. Properties and in vitro/in vivo behavior of acyclovir self-assembled nanoparticles (SAN). | Self-assembled drug delivery systems (SADDS) were designed in the paper. They can be prepared from the amphiphilic conjugates of hydrophilic drugs and lipids through self-assembling into small-scale aggregates in aqueous media. The outstanding characteristic of SADDS is that they are nearly wholly composed of amphiphil... |
16377087 | Effects of neurosteroid 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one on ethanol-mediated paired-pulse depression of population spikes in the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices. | While it is known that ethanol augments GABA-A receptor mediated inhibition in the central nervous system (CNS), demonstrating direct effects of ethanol on GABA transmission has been difficult in brain slices, suggesting that these preparations may lack factors that are required for ethanol's actions. Recent studies in... |
16376902 | Measurement of monomolecular binding constants of neutral phenols into the beta-cyclodextrin by continuous frontal analysis in capillary and microchip electrophoresis via a competitive assay. | Measurement of binding constant by chip electrophoresis is a very promising technique for the high throughput screening of non-covalent interactions. Among the different electrophoretic methods available that yield the binding parameters, continuous frontal analysis is the most appropriate for a transposition from capi... |
16397344 | Hierarchy of hydrogen bonding in bis(1,4,7-trioxa-10-azoniacyclododecane) bis(4-aminobenzoate) trihydrate. | In the title compound, 2C8H18NO3+.2C7H6NO2-.3H2O, proton transfer occurs from the carboxylic acid group of the 4-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) molecule to the amine group of the macrocycle, resulting in the formation of a salt-like adduct. The anions are combined into helical chains which are further bound by the water mole... |
16474886 | Synthesis and characterization of manganese(II) and iron(III) d5 tripodal imidazole complexes. Effect of oxidation state, protonation state and ligand conformation on coordination number and spin state. | The 1 : 3 Schiff base condensates of tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (tren) or tris(3-aminopropyl)amine (trpn) with 4-methyl-5-imidazolecarboxaldehyde, H3L1 and H3L2, respectively, were generated in situ and used to prepare complexes with manganese(II) and iron(III). The resultant complexes, [MnH3L1](ClO4)2, [MnH3L1](ClO4)2.Et... |
16377646 | Chemical encapsulation of rocuronium by synthetic cyclodextrin derivatives: reversal of neuromuscular block in anaesthetized Rhesus monkeys. | <h4>Background</h4>At present, reversal of neuromuscular block induced by steroidal neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) is achieved by administration of cholinesterase inhibitors. Chemical encapsulation of steroidal NMBAs, such as rocuronium, by a cyclodextrin is a new concept in neuromuscular block reversal. The pre... |
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