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S0001457519316926 | Provisional drivers do not always comply with graduated driver licensing restrictions and road laws . The aim of this study was to explore the effect of parenting style on young driver compliance with licensing restrictions . Two surveys the first a sample of parents of provisionally licensed drivers from Queensland an... | Surveys with parents and young drivers indicates that parenting styles affect young driver compliance with provisional driving laws. Parents with higher levels of control are more likely to have children that comply with provisional driving laws. Parents with higher levels of support are more likely to offer practical ... |
S0001457519317026 | Many road authorities in Canada have been contemplating the use of wider longitudinal pavement markings to enhance road safety and driver comfort . However conclusive evidence on the safety impacts of wider LPMs has not been available . To address this gap in the literature this study was conducted to investigate the s... | This study adopted the FB approach to evaluate the safety impacts of wider longitudinal pavement markings using data from BC AB and QC. An overall reduction in total and run off road collisions by 12.3 and 19.0 respectively after implementing the wider markings was observed. As well the total and run off road collision... |
S0001457519317099 | With only 20 of bicycling crashes captured in official databases studies on bicycling safety can be limited . New datasets on bicycling incidents are available via crowdsourcing applications with opportunity for analyses that characterize reporting patterns . Our goal was to characterize patterns of injury in crowdsour... | Characterized patterns of injuries in crowdsourced bicycling safety data. Type of object the bicycle collided with was most important reporting pattern. Non motor vehicle crashes can lead to injury yet are typically underreported. Crowdsourced data have potential to fill gaps in official data. |
S0001457519317166 | The crash prediction model is a useful tool for traffic administrators to identify significant risk factors estimate crash frequency and screen hazardous locations but some jurisdictions interested in traffic safety analysis can collect only limited or low quality data . Existing crash prediction models can be transfer... | Decision Tree is preferred to Support Vector Machine when applying TrAdaBoost.R2. TrAdaBoost.R2 extracts knowledge efficiently from spatially outdated source data. TrAdaBoost.R2 is adaptable for small samples. TrAdaBoost.R2 has better prediction accuracy than conventional calibration methods. A discrepancy of transfera... |
S0001457519317294 | This paper introduces a framework for modelling the cyclists comfort zone . Unlike the drivers comfort zone little is known about the cyclists . The framework draws on existing literature in cognitive science about driver behaviour to explain experimental results from cycling field trials and the modelling of these res... | We modelled cyclist comfortable braking and steering using field experimental data. Cyclists braked with constant deceleration and steered at constant distance. The higher the speed the more steering came after braking. We exemplify how the models can inform active safety and infrastructure design. |
S0001457519317300 | Road user behaviour and personality traits are important determinants of driver crash risk . While a great deal of research has been undertaken to understand the relationships between crash involvement behaviours and personality traits for motor vehicle drivers comparatively few studies have considered these factors fo... | Cyclists infrequently engaged in aberrant behaviours. Aberrant behaviours decreased with age and cycling frequency. Extroversion was associated with errors and violations. Errors were related to self reported crashes. |
S0001457519317348 | Nowadays intelligent transportation system planning has been often integrated into transportation planning stage . As a component of ITS traffic enforcement cameras have been found to reduce dangerous behaviors such as red light running and speeding . However with limited resource it is important to understand the effe... | With limited resource it is important to understand the effects of enforcement cameras on macro level safety so that traffic policy makers can better allocate those resources to improve traffic safety from the planning stage. In this paper we examined the effects of various traffic enforcement cameras on regional traff... |
S0001457519317403 | Anger is a common behaviour exhibited by road users when ones goals are perceived to have been blocked by another . Recent research has demonstrated that generally cyclists tend to deal with anger in constructive ways . However when anger does manifest it can result in behaviours that increase their crash risk . Amongs... | The relationships between trait mindfulness anger and aggression while cycling were examined. Cyclists with higher mindfulness reported less anger while cycling. Cyclists with higher mindfulness engaged in less aggression. |
S0001457519317415 | To make safe road crossing decisions the pedestrians need to estimate the distance and speed of oncoming vehicles in order to make conclusions about the available time gap they need for their road crossing . Since the speed represents combination of distance and time we focused on pedestrians ability to estimate the sp... | The participants had tendencies to speed underestimation. There were different speed mis estimation rules depending on the number of vehicles. One vehicle more severe underestimation of higher speeds over 50km h . Two vehicles more severe underestimation of lower speeds under 50km h . Driving experience age and gender ... |
S0001457519317427 | Overtaking cyclists is challenging for drivers because it requires a well timed safe interaction between the driver the cyclist and the oncoming traffic . Previous research has investigated this manoeuvre in different experimental environments including naturalistic driving naturalistic cycling and simulator studies . ... | 18 drivers overtook a robot cyclist on a test track with an oncoming robot vehicle. We varied time gap to the oncoming traffic and position of cyclist within the lane. Safety margins to the cyclist decreased as the situation became more critical. Drivers risk compensation may explain safety margins during the whole man... |
S0001457519317439 | One of the more hazardous situations for a bicyclist is to go straight on in an intersection where a motor vehicle is turning right and especially so when heavy vehicles are involved . The aim of this study was to investigate truck drivers speed choice gaze behaviour and interaction strategies in relation to vulnerable... | Two truck driver groups with different urban driving experience drove an urban route. Level of experience had little effect on interaction strategies speed and attention. Lower urban driving experience tended to lead to more cautious behaviour. Intersection design affected interaction type and gaze behaviour. Maximisin... |
S000145751931752X | Bicycling at night is dangerous with vehicle passing distances being a key concern given that the main cause of night time bicycling fatalities is from motorists hitting bicyclists from behind . However little is known about vehicle passing distances at night or how they are affected by bicyclist visibility . This stud... | Poor visibility of bicyclists to drivers is a key contributor to collisions at night time. Vehicle passing distance is a key concern for bicyclists yet little is known about passing distances at night. This experimental study explored the impact of bicycle visibility aids on vehicle passing distances on a closed road c... |
S0001457519317713 | Traffic crash detection is a major component of intelligent transportation systems . It can explore inner relationships between traffic conditions and crash risk prevent potential crashes and improve road safety . However there exist some limitations in current studies on crash detection The commonly used machine learn... | A deep learning based framework is proposed for crash detection. Traffic data of different temporal resolutions are used to improve performance. The framework obtains desirable performance on crash detection and transferability. The framework performs better than machine learning methods and LSTM models. The effect of ... |
S0001457519317749 | This paper proposes a machine learning approach the random survival forest for competing risks to investigate highway rail grade crossing crash severity during a 29 year analysis period . The benefits of the RSF approach are that it is a special type of survival analysis able to accommodate the competing nature of mult... | Random survival forest method in highway rail grade crossing safety analysis is introduced. Long term time effects on cumulative probability of crash severity and occurrence over 29 years is evaluated. Contributors long term and instantaneous effects on crash severity and occurrence behave very different. Adding stop s... |
S0001457519317762 | Transportation agencies utilize Active traffic management systems to dynamically manage recurrent and non recurrent congestion based on real time conditions . While these systems have been shown to have some safety benefits their impact on injury severity outcomes is currently uncertain . This paper used full Bayesian ... | Crash Severity effects of Active Traffic Management ATM systems were assessed. A Bayesian modeling framework for mixed logit models with random parameters was proposed. Model results revealed a reduction of 12.4 and 15.9 for ATM with and without hard shoulder running. The models were observed to be temporally transfera... |
S0001457519317798 | The fastest growing demographic in the United States is people aged 65 and over . Because elderly drivers may experience decline in the physical and mental faculties required for driving it is critical to determine whether elderly drivers are more likely than younger drivers to be at fault in a crash . This study uses ... | Quasi induced exposure technique is used to estimate drivers crash exposure. Elderly drivers are more likely to be at fault in a crash than younger drivers. Hospital linked data CODES better predict injury crash propensity. Research findings can be used to design safety programs. |
S0001457519317889 | Worldwide efforts have been made to deploy connected vehicle technologies in practice . The Korean government has also conducted various projects to fully exploit the benefits of CVs . This study attempted to estimate the safety benefits achievable of CVs based on crash risk analyses which is a part of a pre deployment... | Safety benefits obtainable by providing in vehicle warnings are evaluated using the connected vehicle data. Both the probe vehicle data PVD and advanced driving assistance systems ADAS data are used for crash risk analyses. Inter vehicle crash risks are analyzed based on the crash potential index CPI . The achievable r... |
S0001457519317968 | Reducing nonmotorized crashes requires a profound understanding of the causes and consequences of the crashes at the facility level . Generally existing literature on bicyclists and pedestrian crash models suffers from two distinct problems lack of exposure volume data and inadequacy in capturing potential correlations... | Explored pedestrian crash severities at intersections through a Bayesian multivariate spatial Poisson lognormal model. Developed a direct demand model to estimate annual average daily pedestrian volume which was used as an exposure measure. Reported superior performance of the multivariate model over the univariate mod... |
S0001457519318160 | Rear end crashes are closely related to car following situation of vehicles . Speeding and insufficient headway are the major reasons as the drivers have not enough time to react to a sudden brake from the leading vehicle . Perceptual countermeasures like speed reduction markings are widely used in practice for acciden... | A series of peripheral transverse line markings PTLMs were installed on a freeway. The effects of PTLMs on driving behaviors were analyzed considering visual perception. PTLMs could impact drivers speed and headway distance choice. General and sectional relative differences of vehicle flow parameters were introduced. W... |
S0001457519318184 | The Family Climate for Road Safety Scale was developed to measure parenting behaviors specific to the driving context . The original validation study found a scale structure composed of seven factors . However this structure has not been consistently replicated . Two and six factor structures have also been identified ... | Evidence of a Five factor solution for the FCRSS in emerging adults in the U.S. Factors include Noncommitment Monitoring Feedback Communication and Modeling. The five factor model fit equally well with males and females. Noncommitment and Modeling predicted driving behavior in emerging adults. |
S0001457519318391 | Both crash count and severity are thought to quantify crash risk at defined transport network locations . Crash count is a measure of the likelihood of occurring a potential harmful event whereas crash severity is a measure of the societal impact and harm to the society . As the majority of safety improvement programs ... | Incorporation of crash severity into crash count improves the accuracy of crash count prediction. Correlation between crash counts of different severities captures unobserved heterogeneity by extra variation in crash counts. A new weighted risk score metric is proposed to aggregate crash counts by severity levels at a ... |
S0001457519318408 | The current guiding philosophies in road safety have stated aims of zero deaths and serious injuries . Speed has previously been highlighted as a key factor in the outcome of a crash but the literature to date has yet to provide a robust relationship between impact speed and the risk of serious injury for crashes other... | Impact speed taken from Event Data Recorders for high accuracy. Risk curves produced for risk of serious injury vs impact speed by impact type. Head on impacts have the lowest impact speed for a given level of risk. Measures to reduce impact speeds are important to reduce serious injuries. Head on crashes need to be pr... |
S0001457519318512 | Alcohol involved riders tend to engage in other risk taking behaviours such as un helmeted riding which could further increases injury severity . The combined effect of alcohol involved and un helmeted riding on fatal injuries is rarely investigated . This study investigated the interaction effect between blood alcohol... | National Taiwan Traffic Crash Dataset for the period from 2011 to 2015 were used in this study. Alcohol involved and un helmeted riders were approximately 18 times more likely to sustain fatal injuries than sober and helmeted riders. The other risk factors of motorcyclist fatalities include head on crashes and approach... |
S0001457519318561 | More than 1500 U.S. law enforcement personnel fatalities occurred from 2007 to 2016 with 39 of these related to automobile crashes . This study looked at various types of lighting on police vehicles to determine if changes made to the visibility of a police vehicle can impact the surrounding traffic behavior and increa... | Observational data indicates that 95 of drivers observe the Move Over law in Virginia. The lighting configuration of a police vehicle impacts when drivers merge and how they adjust their speed. Red plus blue was shown to be beneficial for merge behavior and speed over an all blue light bar. Speed behavior is difficult ... |
S0001457519318615 | Pedestrian road crossing strategy is one of the most important pedestrian road crossing behaviors . The safety of the pedestrians often depends on it . Among the road crossing strategies rolling gap crossing strategy is the riskiest one . The objective of this research was to explore the factors that influenced pedestr... | This study focused on pedestrians decision making process regarding pedestrian road crossing strategy. This study identified factors that pushed pedestrians to cross the road by risky rolling gap crossing strategy at intersection. A binary logistic regression model was developed to identify significant contributing fac... |
S0001457519318627 | Raised pavement markers are among the common safety features of roads playing an important role in preventing and reducing traffic crashes . RPMs are regarded as an effective measure for reducing the high crash rate and mortality in freeway tunnels in China . In this study a driving simulator experiment was conducted t... | Conduct a driving simulator experiment to study driving behavior subjected to RPMs in tunnels. Various layouts of RPMs were studied and compared to a control with no RPMs. RPMs could help reduce driver anxiety boredom and fatigue caused by the dark and monotonous tunnel driving environment and improve driver alertness ... |
S0001457519318718 | Highway horizontal curves provide a smooth transition between two tangent sections of roadways . They allow vehicles to adjust their travel directions gradually . However the geometry changes of the highway sections with H curves often raise safety concerns . In order to deploy effective safety countermeasures a critic... | Developed a H curve extraction tool for large scale data collection. Used random parameter logistic regression models for H curve crash analysis. Enhanced H curve crash analysis with detailed elevation and roadway geometry data. Compared crash risks of H curves on different types of highways. |
S0001457519318895 | Mobile phone use while driving presents significant risks potentially leading to injury or death through distracted driving . Using a case study of Vietnam this research aimed to understand the effect of problematic mobile phone use attitudes and beliefs and perceived risk on the frequency of mobile phone use among mot... | This study explore the effect of problematic mobile phone use attitudes and beliefs and perceived risk on mobile phone use. A self administered questionnaire was distributed to motorcyclists n 529 and car drivers n 328 in Vietnam. Attitudes and beliefs had the strongest effect on mobile phone use among motorcyclists. P... |
S0001457519319062 | Traditional methods for identifying crash prone roadways are mainly based on historical crash data . It usually requires more than three years to collect a sufficient amount of dataset for road safety assessment . However the emerging connected vehicles technology generates rich instantaneous information which can be u... | Identify and mitigate the risk of crash prone intersections with connected vehicles and deep learning. CVs achieved rapid data collection even under a low market penetration rate of CVs. Deep learning models trained with preprocessed dataset and optimized with Bayesian algorithm. CNN outperformed MLP to predict the ris... |
S0001457520300208 | The use of an appropriate driving exposure measure is essential to calculate traffic crash rates and risks . Commonly used exposure measures include driving distance and the number of licensed drivers . These measures have some limitations including the unavailability of disaggregated estimates for consecutive years lo... | Comparison of driving time based and population based fatal crash risk ratios was conducted. Time based fatal crash risk ratios are consistent with distance based ones. Using the length of driving time as a driving exposure measure can curtail the discontinuity limitation with driving distance. |
S0001457520300233 | Previous studies related to bus crash frequencies modeling are limited and the statistical models are usually developed at the road segment or zonal level . This study focuses on modeling crash frequencies specifically at the bus service route level which is useful and important to policymakers and bus operation compan... | Bus involved crashes were aggregated for each bus service route each year. A spatiotemporal random effect zero inflated negative binomial model was proposed. Two bus routes are treated as neighbors as long as they have overlapped sections. Bus service route level factors related to bus operation and planning were inves... |
S0001457520300348 | Exposure measures are always among the explanatory variables of any crash model . Regardless of the technique used to model crash the mean crash frequency will increase with an increase in exposure since more crashes are likely to occur at higher exposure . For cyclist vehicle crash models bike and vehicle exposure mea... | Full Bayesian Poisson Lognormal crash models are proposed to account for measurement error in traffic exposure. Two models are proposed to account for the measurement error. Measurement error models offered a better fit for the modeled cyclist vehicle crash data. The coefficients of the bike and vehicle exposure increa... |
S0001457520300488 | Urban planners frequently neglect the role of subjective risk perception during urban cycling . Several findings suggest a complex relationship between the risk of being involved in a crash and the subjective anticipation of this risk . We investigate the relation of objective risks and subjective risk perception in a ... | The relation of accident risk and risk perception during cycling is understudied. We compared accident statistics with crowd sourced information on risk perception. GIS methods are used to link both datasets to various infrastructure elements. In general we found a high alignment of objective and subjective risk. Some ... |
S0001457520300506 | This interdisciplinary study explores factors that contribute to the perseverance of participants in an organizational no phone use while driving road safety intervention . The study sample comprised 200 employees 96 males from 8 organizations in Israel . Subjects completed a 4 month organizational intervention using a... | An organizational intervention reduced smartphone use while driving. Men persevered in the intervention to a greater degree than women. Organizational safety climate perceptions predicted perseverance in an organizational health intervention. |
S0001457520300610 | The study of aggressive driving is an important step in the reduction of crashes due to this behavior . However even though various measures of aggressive driver behavior have been proposed a more thorough examination of what the driving public perceives as aggressive driving behavior can be performed . A nationally re... | Short videos of driving behaviors can be used to quantify aggressive driving. The observers perspective first second third influences aggressive ratings. Close car following is perceived to be more aggressive than speeding. Those high in trait anger are predisposed to judge close following as aggressive. |
S0001457520300713 | Cervical spine injury is a common result of traffic crashes and such injuries range in severity from minor Nationwide Emergency Department Sample and the Nationwide Inpatient Sample . It is estimated that there are approximately 869 000 traffic crash related cervical spine injuries seen in hospitals in the US annually ... | There are no reliable estimates of the number of neck injuries occurring in the US traffic crashes. Data from the NASS CDS were analyzed and compared with national hospital data in order to estimate injury frequencies. There are approximately 869 000 traffic crash related cervical spine injuries seen in hospitals in th... |
S0001457520300816 | Speeding behaviour has been shown to account for a large number of deaths and serious injuries on Australian roads . Vehicle impoundment is one countermeasure which has been implemented to discourage drivers from engaging in high range speeding . Despite this countermeasure being used as a sanction in all Australian ju... | Examined impact of vehicle impoundment on recidivism and subsequent crash rates among speeding offenders in Victoria Australia. Drivers who had a vehicle impounded were more likely to be male younger and hold a probationary licence compared to drivers who did not. Lower offence rates were identified during the impoundm... |
S0001457520300828 | Risk perception plays an important role in driver behaviour particularly for speed choice . Risk perception studies use a range of techniques from on road data collection to ratings of still photos however participants ratings differ depending on the study methodology possibly due to their perception of control . To ex... | Risk perception is important in driver behaviour and is influenced by perceived control. Drivers Passengers and Observers rated the risk at 13 locations on rural roads. Observers gave the highest risk ratings and Drivers the lowest. Risk ratings from video based tasks do not reflect on road ratings. |
S000145752030083X | The illegal use of a smartphone while driving increases the risk of crashes . As such road authorities rely on countermeasures to reduce illegal smartphone use . Deterrence based methods dominate road safety however perceptions and impact of formal and informal methods to deter illegal smartphone use in Australia have ... | Survey of 2774 Victorian drivers reveals 37.1 use smartphone illegally. Age gender and informal deterrent mechanisms predictors of illegal smartphone use. No formal deterrent mechanisms are significant predictors of illegal use. Countermeasures should focus on leveraging informal sanctions to reduce illegal use. |
S0001457520300877 | Work zone traffic safety under adverse weather conditions has been a serious concern for drivers and transportation agencies . Existing studies on work zone traffic safety with statistical approaches are limited by the availability of data from historical crashes . To date there is no comprehensive simulation framework... | We present an integrated framework to evaluate traffic safety in work zone. Simultaneous consideration of specific work zone configuration weather and road surface conditions. Introduction of a new risk index by integrating the risks of multi vehicle crashes and single vehicle crashes. |
S0001457520300944 | Managed lanes have been implemented as a vital strategy for traffic safety and management improvements . Previous studies involving MLs didnt examine the impact of connected vehicles lane configuration on freeway facilities with managed toll lanes . CVs are quickly expanding in the transportation industry and are among... | Conduct extensive simulation studies to explore safety and operational performance of connected vehicles. Apply statistical models to explore the significant scenarios related to facility designs traffic conditions and market penetration rate of connected vehicles. Recommend the optimal connected vehicle lane configura... |
S0001457520301020 | Connected and Automated Vehicle technology although in the development stage is quickly expanding throughout the vehicle market . However full market penetration will most likely require considerable planning as key stakeholders manufacturers consumers and governing agencies work together to determine optimal deploymen... | The distribution of speed suggests speed. with increasing CAV penetration. Robustness of the driving behaviour increases with increased CAV penetration. Increased CAV penetration leads to. of critical crash events conflicts but a. in crash severity. The. of CAVs can only be achieved at. CAV penetration. Pareto optimali... |
S0001457520301044 | Even with automated vehicles driving situations with short time headways and extreme vehicle dynamics may arise when unpredictable events occur . If drivers take back control under such conditions it is uncertain how they behave and how well they can cope with the situation . This issue has not been investigated yet an... | Time headway and traction usage were varied to create brake situations of different objective criticality. With increasing objective criticality criticality ratings increased decelerations were higher and more lane changes occurred. Participants overreacted and increased accident risk when taking over in critical brake... |
S0001457520301135 | Dockless electric scooters have emerged as a popular micro mobility mode for urban transportation . This new form of mobility offers riders a flexible option for massive first last mile trips . Despite the popularity the limited regulations of E Scooters raise numerous safety concerns among the public and agencies . Du... | One of the first studies to quantitatively analyze E Scooter crash characteristics. Leveraged massive news reports to collect nationwide E Scooter crash data. Analyzed key attributes and their interactions related to E Scooter crash outcome. Discussed critical issues related to E Scooter crash risk and needed efforts. |
S0001457520301159 | The effect of ambient light level on road traffic collisions involving a motorcycle was investigated . Data were drawn from the STATS19 database of UK reported RTCs for the period 20052015 . To isolate the effect of ambient light an odds ratio was used to compare RTCs at specific times of day in the weeks either side o... | The effect of ambient light level on motorcycle collisions was investigated. A more precise method for distinguishing between RTCs in daylight or dark was used than past studies. This suggests darkness is of greater detriment than suggested in past studies. There is increased risk at T junctions and at give way control... |
S0001457520301354 | Driving is a complex task that consists of several physical and physiological processes occurring simultaneously . The complexity of the task depends on several factors but this research focuses on work zone configurations and their effect on driver performance and gaze behavior . The increase in work zone fatalities i... | Work zone crashes are inherently higher in male drivers. A simulator study captured mental workload from various work zone configurations. Crash statistics were compared with clustered participant demographics. Longitudinal and lateral control along with gaze distributions were modeled. |
S0001457520301482 | Driving anger increases risk taking in traffic and road traffic accident involvement . Herein we examine the links between self reported and observed driving anger self reported and observed aggressive driving and personality traits . Specifically sixty drivers drove in an anger inducing simulated driving scenario . A ... | Driving anger was successfully induced in a driving simulator scenario. Verbal expression in the simulator was negatively related to self reported constructive expression. Gestural expression was positively related to self reported aggressive expression. Gestural expression may be useful for automated in vehicle road a... |
S0001457520301494 | Safety performance function has been a vital tool in traffic safety evaluation including finding contributing factors to crashes identifying hotspots and assessing safety effects of countermeasures . In the United States the Highway Safety Manual provides a number of SPFs for a variety of road facilities . Due to the l... | The transferability of freeway SPFs between the U.S. and China was investigated. The capability of transferred SPFs for hotspot identification was further analyzed. SPFs were transferable between Texas New York and Shanghai Suzhou but not between Florida and Shanghai Suzhou. The poor transferability was attributable to... |
S0001457520301640 | Crash data from the state of Kentucky for the 2015 2016 period show that per capita crash rates and increases in crash related fatalities were higher than the national average . In an effort to explain why the U.S. Southeast experiences higher crash rates than other regions of the country previous research has argued t... | Sociodemographic factors of CMV drivers residence affect crash occurrence. Quasi induced exposure technique is used to estimate drivers crash exposure. Research findings can be used to identify at risk CMV driver groups. |
S0001457520301664 | A penalty mechanism is usually considered as a powerful means to reduce the probability of traffic violations and accidents by encouraging drivers to comply with traffic regulations . Penalty point and fine strategies are often used in parallel . Different degrees of penalty points and or fines are imposed according to... | Investigating the deterrent effects of penalty points and fines with empirical data. Quantifying the effects of penalty mechanism on violations and accidents. Modeling violation recurrence and accident occurrence with a joint frailty model. Considering personal characteristics and unobserved heterogeneity. |
S000145752030169X | The overtaking maneuver performed by motorcyclists is one of the primary causes of motorcycle accidents . However few studies in the literature deal with this topic and there are no studies modeling the total overtaking duration i.e . the time during which extreme hazards are manifest . The present paper aims to analyz... | A field experiment using instrumented motorcycles was performed. Data on motorcyclists behavior during overtaking maneuver were collected. A survival analysis was carried out to model the total overtaking duration. The log logistic distribution provided the best fit to the total overtaking duration. The model identifie... |
S0001457520301792 | Mountainous highways suffer from high crash rates and fatality rates in many countries and single vehicle crashes are overrepresented along mountainous highways . Route familiarity has been found greatly associated with driver behaviour and traffic safety . This study aimed to investigate and compare the contributory f... | Differences in injuries of familiar and unfamiliar drivers in single vehicle crashes on mountainous highways are studied. Using data from Yunnan Province of China random effects generalized ordered probit models are applied. Model estimations show that determinants of injury severity vary considerably between familiar ... |
S0001457520302475 | China is the world s largest automotive market and is ambitious for autonomous vehicles development . As one of the key goals of AVs pedestrian safety is an important issue in China . Despite the rapid development of driverless technologies in recent years there is a lack of researches on the adaptability of AVs to ped... | Three bad behaviors of Chinese pedestrians are summarized through abundant data. The key technical demands of pedestrians for autonomous vehicles are analyzed. Driverless technologies to protect pedestrians are carefully reviewed. The adaptability of driverless technologies to Chinese pedestrians is analyzed. |
S0001457520302487 | Human necks are vulnerable in train collision accidents . To design a safer cab workspace the driver neck injury mechanism should be investigated first . In this study this issue is addressed by investigating how neck injuries are influenced by the cab workspace dimensions . The driver console seat dynamic models are d... | A three pivot head neck upper torso model is used to evaluate the neck dynamics. Four injury mechanisms are identified by different driver dynamic responses. Injury mechanisms with large head rotation angles cause severe neck injuries. Chest first impact mechanism is more dangerous than knee first impact mechanism. Dis... |
S0001457520302621 | Among the three major safety assessment methods for highly automated driving systems test tracks provide high fidelity and a safe and controllable testing environment . However due to the lack of realistic background traffic scenarios that can be tested in test tracks are usually static and limited . To address this li... | This paper presents a new safety assessment framework for highly automated driving systems in test tracks. The framework integrates an augmented reality testing platform and a testing scenario library generation method together. The framework has been implemented in Mcity test facility with a SAE Level 4 ADS vehicle. T... |
S0001457520302633 | Since motorcycle taxi drivers often work long hours fatigue would affect their riding abilities impacting crash risks . However there is limited understanding about motorcycle taxi drivers fatigue related crashes . This study investigates self reported fatigue related crashes among motorcycle taxi drivers in Hanoi Viet... | This paper investigated fatigue related crashes among motorcycle taxi drivers. Approx. 16 of motorcycle taxi drivers reported fatigue related crash involvement. Logistic regression with heterogeneity in means random parameters was adopted. Delivery trips and overweight conditions increased the risk of fatigue related c... |
S0001457520302827 | Turn signal neglect is considered to be a key contributor to crashes at intersections yet relatively little research has been undertaken on this topic particularly in developing countries . Using a case study of Vietnam this research aimed to explore the role of environmental characteristics perceived risk beliefs and ... | Turn signal neglect is considered to be a key contributor to crashes at intersections. This research investigates factors affecting the frequency of turn signal use at intersections. A self administered questionnaire was distributed to motorcyclists n 527 and car drivers n 326 . Perceived risk beliefs and environmental... |
S000145752030289X | Although the fatal rate of passenger vehicle involved crashes has decreased in the United States the fatal rate of truck involved crashes has increased . This has in recent years become a more severe problem than that caused by passenger vehicle involved crashes . More studies need to be conducted in order to investiga... | Truck involved severities at cross and T intersections in North Carolina are modeled. Latent class clustering is applied to reduce the heterogeneity of the crash dataset. Partial proportional odds models are developed considering the ordinal nature and heterogeneity. Factors that affect the crash severity are identifie... |
S0001457520303006 | This study estimates the effects of lane and shoulder widths on occurrence of head on and single vehicle accidents on rural two lane undivided roads in Norway while considering the differences between winter and non winter accidents and their severity levels . A matched case control method was applied to calculate the ... | Sample of 71 999 roadway segments of rural two lane roads was identified with GIS. Models calculated separately for winter non winter and severe slight accidents. A non monotonous link between risk and shoulder width categories. An increased risk corresponds with increasing lane width categories. |
S0001457520303092 | The connected environment provides surrounding traffic information to drivers via different driving aids that are expected to improve driving behavior and assist in avoiding safety critical events . These driving aids include speed advisory car following assistance lane changing support and advanced information about p... | An innovative and comprehensive driving simulator experiment for examining driving behaviors in the connected environment. Drivers maintain higher safety margins during car following and lane changing maneuvers in the connected environment. Driver interactions with pedestrians and traffic lights in the connected enviro... |
S0001457520303298 | Road crashes impose an important burden on health and the economy . Numerous efforts have been undertaken to understand the factors that affect road collisions in general and the severity of crashes in particular . In this literature several strategies have been proposed to model interactions between parties in a crash... | Strategies to model opponent effects in the analysis of severity of crashes involving two parties. A data workflow is presented for preparing data for modelling party interactions. Single level and hierarchical models are compared. Full sample and sub sample models are compared. The results provide information useful t... |
S0001457520303511 | Hotspot identification is one of the most important components in the highway safety management process . Previous research has found that hazardous sites identified with different methods are not consistent . It is therefore necessary to evaluate the performance of various HSID methods . The existing evaluation criter... | Three HSID method evaluation tests are generalized and enhanced HCCT CSCT and ARDT. HCCT evaluates a HSID methods reliability in identifying sites with high crash counts. CSCT measures a HSID methods consistency in identifying common hazardous sites. ARDT assesses a HSID methods consistency in measuring the absolute di... |
S0001457520303614 | In Vietnam motorcycle riders comprise about three quarters of road traffic fatalities the most common cause of which is head injuries that can be prevented by wearing a helmet . This study aims to assess helmet wearing behaviors in Ho Chi Minh City the largest city in Vietnam . Eight rounds of observational studies wer... | Eight rounds of observational studies were conducted on city level representative samples in HCMC. A total of 479 892 motorcycle riders were observed over 90 of whom were wearing helmets. The prevalence of correct helmet use gradually declined from 80.8 in round 1 July 2015 to 55.6 in round 8 April 2019 . The prevalenc... |
S0001457520303791 | Numerous studies have developed intersection crash prediction models to identify crash hotspots and evaluate safety countermeasures . These studies largely considered only micro level crash contributing factors such as traffic volume traffic signals etc . Some recent studies however have attempted to include macro leve... | This paper developed the Multiple Membership Multilevel Model MMMM to estimate intersection crashes with both micro and macrolevel input factors. The proposed MMMM can let researchers properly estimate crash frequencies along the boundary of study zones reduced boundary problem . This paper demonstrated that the Multip... |
S0001457520303936 | Extreme Weather Events are currently not well understood by the maritime community even though the shipping industry is not immune to their potential disastrous consequences . This is critical for the Arctic supply chains considering the serious lack of experience data communication facilities and that rules and regula... | A novel effective risk assessment model for maritime supply chain is developed. The model is used for quantifying risks associated with extreme weather events in the Arctic. A new index based on a weighted combination of the likelihood visibility and consequence of risk factors is presented. The model is developed base... |
S0001457520303948 | Adaptive traffic signal control systems improve traffic efficiency but their impacts on traffic safety vary among different implementations . To improve the traffic safety pro actively this study proposes a safety oriented ATSC algorithm to optimize traffic efficiency and safety simultaneously . A multi objective deep ... | A safety oriented adaptive traffic signal control ATSC algorithm optimizing traffic efficiency and safety was proposed. The algorithm was evaluated in simulation and it outperforms the field benchmark in terms of both safety and efficiency. The control rules abstracted from the ATSC could also help the traditional sign... |
S0001457520303973 | Time to collision index has been extensively utilized to evaluate rear end collision risks but few studies have focused on the special transition process that vehicles change from a safe to a dangerous situation . This study conducts an in depth analysis of the transition condition of rear end collisions . Realistic ve... | Transition conditions are analyzed for rear end collisions using time to collision index. Three types of transition conditions dominate among all 13 types in practice. Time to collision derivative index is proposed to evaluate the risk change rate. Time to collision value has the quickest reduction at the transition st... |
S0001457520304206 | In the geometric design of roundabouts safety oriented approaches are required rather than specification design ones that simply determine the dimensions of the geometric structural elements . We herein propose a risk index that combines the invisibility probability and the crash impact as a performance measure for eva... | Risk index as a safety performance measure for roundabout designing was proposed. Risk index combines the invisibility probability and the crash impact. Model formula of risk index was presented through the numerical simulation. Evaluation with risk index is expected to help improvement of roundabout designing. |
S0001457520304231 | This paper investigates factors that significantly contribute to the injury severity of different drivers of different nationality backgrounds . Using the data from Riyadh Saudi Arabia a random parameters multinomial logit model of driver injury severity was estimated to explore the effects of a wide range of variables... | Differences in crash injuries of Saudi and non Saudi drivers are studied. Using data from Riyadh random parameters logit models are estimated. Model estimations show that determinants of injury severity vary considerably between Saudi and non Saudi drivers. Findings show different nationalities may affect risk taking b... |
S0001457520304309 | Scenario based testing is crucial for considering the intended functional safety of automated driving vehicles . For the first time pre crash scenario mining research was conducted using worldwide accident data obtained from the Initiative for the Global Harmonization of Accident Data . First data from the IGLAD databa... | Countries in 3 G are an ideal data source for the international scenario research. Scenarios mined in this paper highly consistent with Euro NCAP 2025 Roadmap. Some critical scenario elements are missing in Euro NCAP 2025 Roadmap. Some critical information is missing in IGLAD database. |
S0001457520305200 | The 402 mile of Interstate 80 in Wyoming was selected by the U.S. Department of Transportation to develop test and deploy a suite of Connected Vehicle applications . It is expected that after full deployment of CV technology the pilot will improve safety and mobility under adverse weather conditions by creating new way... | This study assessed the safety performance of the Wyoming Connected Vehicle pilot deployment program under adverse weather conditions. An integrated field data and driving simulator experiment method for investigating the impacts of CV on truck driver behavior. Microsimulation modeling was employed for assessing the sa... |
S0001457520305297 | Traffic accident statistics have shown the necessity of risk assessment when driving in the dynamic traffic environment . If the risk associated with different traffic elements | Combines data from naturalistic driving study and driver attitude questionnaire. Evaluates driving risks of different influence factors in dynamic environments. Establishes the internal and external field to describe the risk influence. Develops a driving risk coupling model to output dynamic risk assessment |
S0001457520305315 | Increasing automation calls for evaluating the effectiveness and intelligence of automated vehicles . This paper proposes a framework for quantitatively evaluating the intelligence of automated vehicles . Firstly we establish the evaluation environment for automated vehicles including test field test task and evaluatio... | Proposes a framework for quantitatively evaluating the intelligence of automated vehicles. Develops the symmetric intelligence evaluation index based on principle of least action. Completes evaluation process by testing different scenarios including normal driving and high risk scenarios. |
S0001457520305339 | Real time crash potential prediction could provide valuable information for Active Traffic Management Systems . Fixed infrastructure based vehicle detection devices were widely used in the previous studies to obtain different types of data for crash potential prediction . However it was difficult to obtain data in larg... | This paper utilizes novel connected vehicle CV emulated data to predict real time crash potential for arterials. The CV emulated data are flexible to obtain. Different speed related variables are estimated based on the CV emulated data to depict continuous traffic conditions. The results proved the feasibility of using... |
S0001457520305388 | Adaptive traffic signal control is a promising technique to improve the efficiency of signalized intersections especially in the era of connected vehicles when real time information on vehicle positions and trajectories is available . Numerous ATSC algorithms have been proposed to accommodate real time traffic conditio... | A novel self learning ATSC algorithm is developed to optimize safety in real time. The developed algorithm adapts traffic signals using real time CVs data. The algorithm is validated using real traffic data of two existing intersections. Various market penetration rates of CVs are investigated. The results show a consi... |
S0001457520305522 | In this study two novel fuzzy decision approaches where the fuzzy logic model was revised with the C4.5 decision tree algorithm were applied to the classification of cyclist injury severity in bicycle vehicle accidents . The study aims to evaluate two main research topics . The first one is investigation of the effect ... | Handling the classification of accident injury severity with a fuzzy approach can significantly improve model performance. A Hybrid model is created by combining different machine learning models can give better results than classical algorithms. As an alternative to ANN FLs DT RFL model can be used to reduce or elimin... |
S0001457520305558 | One of the main aims of introducing automation in transport is to improve safety by reducing or eliminating human errors it is often argued however that this may induce new types of errors . There is different level of maturity with automation in different transport modes however no systematic research has been conduct... | Research on automation and safety is in silos for each transport mode. There are several opportunities for transfer of knowledge between transport modes. Lessons from aviation on automation trust SA and the role of training are transferable. The quantitative approach of the road sector to SA and takeover performance ca... |
S0001457520305807 | Traffic accident management is a critical issue for advanced intelligent traffic management . The increasingly abundant crowdsourcing data and floating car data provide new support for improving traffic accident management . This paper investigates the methods to predict the complicated behavior of traffic flow evoluti... | Traffic accident and flow data obtained simultaneously from crowdsourcing approach. Entire traffic accidents post impact from occurrence to recovery can be predicted. Machine learning models were applied and good performance was achieved. Results improved when updated information added into the model sequentially. |
S0001457520305819 | The novel semi autonomous vehicles are becoming a reality in our roads being a very important technological advance with promising operational and safety improvements . However road infrastructure must be ready to host them . The technologies of these driving automation systems require certain road conditions that are ... | AV disengagements are highly related to road horizontal geometry. Automated speed is defined as the maximum speed that an AV can attain at a curve. A framework is proposed to analyse how AVs perform in function of road geometry. AV consistency is defined as the difference between automated and operating speeds. A new L... |
S0001457520305844 | Approximately one third of car trips involve one or more passengers and yet we know little about how the presence of a passenger helps or hinders safety and efficiency . To date research in this area has focused on the possible distractive effects of passengers . Although we know that drivers conversing on a mobile pho... | Passengers often viewed as distracting but safety data suggests they are protective. We conducted a mixed methods study to understand the ways passengers help drivers. On line survey indicated some things drivers wished their passengers would do more. On road sample found gender differences in the support offered by pa... |
S000145752030587X | Adaptive traffic signal control is a novel traffic management system that is often deployed at high volume intersections in order to mitigate traffic congestion and improve travel time reliability . While past studies have demonstrated its operational effectiveness relatively few have focused on safety performance . Th... | CMFs for adaptive traffic signal control ATSC systems developed using Empirical Bayes before after study. CMFs for ATSC system impacts at individual intersections and along entire adaptive corridors are estimated. Temporal trends in safety performance of ATSC system also studied. Results reveal minor increase in total ... |
S000145752030590X | Guardrails were designed to deter vehicle access to off road areas and consequently prevent hitting rigid fixed objects alongside the road . However guardrails cause 10 of deaths in vehicle to fixed object crashes which recently attracted attention in the highway safety community on the vehicle based injury criteria us... | The car to end terminal crash finite element FE simulations involving a dummy model were performed for the first time in this study. Injuries assessed by vehicle based crash severity metrics showed to be more conservative than the ones determined by dummy based injury criteria. The current vehicle based injury predicti... |
S000145752030600X | In Germany every year 66 000 road crashes lead to death or injury of young novice drivers . This makes them twice as likely to be involved in or cause vehicle crashes compared to their older and more experienced counterparts . This study aims to address this societal issue by developing a better understanding of the Ge... | The inclusion of sixteen new items creates a timely commensurate BYNDS. In particular a broader picture of smartphone use is introduced. The paper presents an innovative translation process easy to adopt. Pitfalls for response errors are addressed and semantics are improved. The questionnaire was applied to a represent... |
S0001457520306618 | Health economic evaluation studies can provide insight into which injury prevention interventions maximize available resources to improve health outcomes . A previous systematic review summarized 48 unintentional injury prevention economic evaluations published during 19982009 providing a valuable overview of that evid... | Two decades of unintentional injury prevention economic evaluations are summarized. Falls and motor vehicle traffic injuries were the most common study subjects. Only half of recent economic evaluations reported on key methods elements. Standardized and complete reporting can improve comparisons across studies. |
S0001457520306680 | The identification of accident hot spots is a central task of road safety management . Bayesian count data models have emerged as the workhorse method for producing probabilistic rankings of hazardous sites in road networks . Typically these methods assume simple linear link function specifications which however limit ... | New spatial count data model with flexible link function specification. Additive regression trees enable endogenous partitioning of predictor space. MCMC algorithm for fully Bayesian inference. New method offers excellent goodness of fit and site ranking ability. |
S0001457520306692 | A significant portion of pedestrian accidents occurs in the outskirts areas due to the high vehicle speed and lack of safety facilities for pedestrians . Behavioral study on drivers and pedestrians is the key to better understand the causes of pedestrian accidents in order to develop safety models . | The present study focuses on evaluating the safety of pedestrian crossing in urban and outskirt areas based on fixed videography FV and in motion videography IMV to determine the differences of drivers and pedestrians behaviors in these areas. The logistic and linear regression models based on both approaches showed th... |
S0001457520306709 | Earlier research on injury severity of truck involved crashes focused primarily on single truck and multi vehicle crashes with truck involvement or investigated truck involved injury severity based on rural and urban locations time of day variations lighting conditions roadway classification and weather conditions . Ho... | Truck involved crashes result in more severe injuries. Different factors contribute to injury severity of occupants in truck involved crashes. Separate models needed for each occupant of each vehicle type. There is a correlation of occupant injury severity in the same crash and the same vehicle. Actions of car and SUV ... |
S0001457520306746 | Current automated driving technology can not cope in numerous conditions that are basic daily driving situations for human drivers . Previous studies show that profound understanding of human drivers capability to interpret and anticipate traffic situations is required in order to provide similar capacities for automat... | The prospective thinking aloud method is introduced. With the method expert drivers anticipations can be analyzed. Anticipations revealed uncertainties and related adaptive and social behaviors. The method can show prototypical traffic events and their information requirements. The results indicate automated vehicles l... |
S0001457520306837 | A novel automatic incident detection method for freeways based on the use of data provided by Bluetooth sensors and an unsupervised anomaly detection approach is presented . The two main advantages of the proposed AID system are the use of Bluetooth sensors offers several practical advantages over inductive loop detect... | Developing an automatic incident detection AID method for freeways based on Bluetooth data and an unsupervised anomaly detection approach. Demonstrating the developed AID method using real traffic data collected by a network of Bluetooth sensors installed in Ayalon Highway Tel Aviv. Special emphasis is made in using da... |
S0001457520307442 | The era of Big Data has arrived . Recently under the environment of intelligent transportation systems and connected automated vehicles Big Data has been applied in various fields in transportation including traffic safety . In this study we review recent research studies that employed Big Data to analyze traffic safet... | This paper reviews Big Data safety analytics for intelligent transportation systems and connected automated vehicles. The data models techniques and applications of 57 safety studies are discussed. Types of analytics including descriptive predictive and perspective analysis are summarized. Challenges and future researc... |
S0001457520307521 | This study presents an effort to investigate the determinants of driver injury severity in run off road crashes . In order to account for unobserved heterogeneity a random parameter ordered probit with heterogeneity in the means approach is applied . The police reported ROR crash data that occurred from 2014 to 2017 in... | Injury severity of run off road crashes was studied and affecting factors on the driver crash severity were investigated. Random parameters ordered probit with heterogeneity in the means approach was used. Unobserved heterogeneity was accounted for and temporal stability of factors was examined. Significant temporal in... |
S0001457520307934 | The present study has investigated the relationship between traffic volume and crash numbers by means of meta analysis based on 521 crash prediction models from 118 studies . The weighted pooled volume coefficient for all crashes and all levels of crash severity is 0.875 . The most important moderator variable is crash... | Meta analysis of the relationship between traffic volume and crash numbers. Crashes increase with increasing volumes but mostly at a lower rate. The relationship is strongest for multi vehicle crashes at high volumes and on freeways. The relationship is weaker for fatal than for less serious crashes. Crash prediction m... |
S0001457520308149 | The safety of signalized intersections has traditionally been evaluated at an aggregate level by relating historical collision records for several years to the annual trac volume and the geometric characteristics of the intersection . This is a reactive and macroscopic approach that gives little insight into how import... | Conflict based real time safety performance functions are developed for signalized intersections. Several Tobit models including GRP Tobit RI Tobit and GRP Tobit models are compared. Traffic volume queue length shock wave speed and area and the platoon ratio are used as covariates. Higher conflict rates were associated... |
S0001457520308265 | If the information on freeway exits is not effective or driver vigilance is not adequate the driver may not be able to obtain the information in time resulting in missing the exit or making a forcible lane change that could cause an accident . To allow the driver to obtain sufficient exit information in time and get of... | Yellow color guardrail belt was designed to improve driver s vigilance near the freeway exit. A simulation experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the yellow color guardrail belt. The participants were more focused on searching for exit sign information in the yellow color guardrail belt scenario than... |
S000145752030854X | Although tires maintain the only contact between the vehicle and the ground tire failures are still underrepresented in traffic safety assessments . Vehicle stability and safety can deteriorate significantly by a sudden tire failure . The current body of literature on tire failure related crashes is limited and no prev... | There is a need for comprehensive assessment of tire failure and impacts on injury severity. Speed of more than 75 mph summer months and heavy vehicles contribute to tire failures. Tire failures lead to crashes with significant consequences on occupants. Crash reporting systems need to provide more information on tire ... |
S0001457520309611 | This study firstly aimed to describe bicyclists return to cycling after a hospitalisation crash . Secondly it aimed to determine factors associated with reduced cycling post crash . A study of 83 cyclists hospitalised due to an on road crash was undertaken in Perth Western Australia . Participants completed a questionn... | A longitudinal study examined return to cycling after a hospitalisation crash. Sixty percent of participants had. one year post crash. Group riders had a lower risk of. at follow up. Psychological services following a crash may assist with return to cycling. Interventions promoting safe return to cycling should target ... |
S0001457520309994 | The consequences of crashes including injury loss of lives and damage to properties are further worsened when buses plying expressways are involved in the crash . Previous studies have separately analyzed crash severity in terms of monetary cost injuries and loss of lives and the size of crashes in terms of the number ... | Copula based multivariate model was proposed for jointly modeling express bus involved crash severity and crash size. Dependency between both outcome variables was accounted for and the temporal stability of factors was investigated. Positive dependence was observed between the outcome variables and temporal instabilit... |
S0001457520310149 | This study develops bicycle vehicle safety performance functions for five facilities in the Highway Safety Manual . These are urban two lane undivided segments urban four lane divided undivided segments rural two lane undivided segments urban four leg and three leg signalized intersections and urban four leg and three ... | We develop bicycle vehicle specific safety performance functions SPFs in Alabama. Five segment and intersection facilities in the Highway safety Manual were modeled. Two techniques were used and compared the COM Poisson and MARS. MARS outperformed the corresponding COM Poisson models for all five facilities. MARS is re... |
S0001457520311908 | In March 2020 the World Health Organization declared COVID 19 a world wide pandemic . Countries introduced public health measures to contain and reduce its spread . These measures included closures of educational institutions non essential businesses events and activities as well as working from and staying at home req... | Effects of COVID 19 pandemic on road safety is unknown. Previous research indicates economic downturns lead to declines in collisions. COVID 19 has led to an economic downturn of unprecedented proportions. Differential person and situation factors effects should be examined. |
S0001457520311982 | Understanding who heeds the driving related COVID 19 restrictions is critical for assisting public health professionals improve response to this and future pandemic events . The purpose of the current study was to characterize driving behavior changes among adolescents as a function of COVID 19 restrictions . It was hy... | Post COVID 19 restrictions driving days per week decreased 37 among adolescents. Vehicle miles driven in past two weeks decreased 35 among adolescents. Decrease was lower among ethnic minorities older and employed adolescents. Those with greater dire prosocial tendencies showed greater driving decline. |
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