question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
values | rationale stringlengths 0 22.5k ⌀ | split stringclasses 1
value | dataset stringclasses 6
values | subject stringclasses 1
value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AFP is raised in- | [
"Yolk sac tumor",
"Seminoma",
"Teratoma",
"Choriocarcinoma"
] | A | Harshmohan textbook of pathology 7th edition. *seminoma malignant tumor of testes-it is associated with elevated hCG level in blood. *choriocarcinoma- hCG level increases in blood. *yolk sac tumor/endodermal sinus tumor -alphafetoprotien increases. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Excessive fibrosis in tumor in called | [
"Anaplasia",
"Metaplasia",
"Desmoplasia",
"Dysplasia"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Desmoplasia In some tumors, parenchymal cells stimulate the formation of an abundant collagenous stroma, referred to as desmoplasia, eg scirrhous carcinoma of breast. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Patients are categorized on the basis of chances of survival in Disaster management; | [
"Triage",
"Tagging",
"Mitigation",
"Surge capacity"
] | A | Triage Consists of rapidly classifying the injured on the basis of severity of their injuries and on the likelihood of their survival with prompt medical intervention First come first serve is NOT followed in emergencies Triage yields best results when carried out at the site of disaster COLOR CODING: RED YELLOW GREEN ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is not an alkaloid ? | [
"Morphine",
"Neostigmine",
"Emetine",
"Atropine"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which one of the following patterns of visual disturbance would be predicted to be demonstrable on examination of this patient? | [
"Inferior hemifield loss",
"Temporal quadrantanopsia",
"Uniocular blindness",
"Macular sparing hemianopia"
] | A | Answer A. Inferior hemifield lossDilated ophthalmoscopy of this left eye illustrates a nonrefractile plaque in the proximal superior retinal artery with retinal whitening in the superior macula signifying retinal ischemia. Superior retinal ischemia will result in a defect in the inferior visual field, as in this patien... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Earliest presentation of Friedrich's ataxia is? | [
"Ataxia",
"Seizures",
"Optic atrophy",
"Stuttering"
] | A | Answer is A (Ataxia): In most patients ataxia of gait and stance is the first manifestation of the disease.- Clinical Neurology by Goetz 2"d/742 Friedreich's ataxia presents with progressive staggering gait, frequent falling and titubation- Harrison Note: The first pathological changes in Friendreich's Ataxia are thoug... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug of choice for maintenance therapy in PS VT is- | [
"Amiodarone",
"Lignocaine",
"Verapamil",
"Adenosine"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Verapamilo Amongst the options provided Verapamil is the drug of choice for maintenance therapy in pateints with PSVT.Treatment options fyrSupraventricular Tachycardia o Physiologic intervention# Rest# Valsalva maneuvers : Gag reflex, ice packs, etc# Carotid massage# Avoidance of inciting factors : Ca... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A person has history of steatorrhoea of long duration. D-xylose was ordered. 5 hour urine sample show < 4.5 g excretion after giving 25g D-xylose. What is the probable diagnosis a) Celiac disease b) Pancreatitis c) Blind loop syndrome d) Heal disease | [
"ac",
"ab",
"ad",
"bd"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A lady with 37 weeks pregnancy, presented with bleeding per vagina. Investigation shows severe degree of placenta pre. The treatment is | [
"Immediate C. S.",
"Blood transfusion",
"Conservative",
"Medical induction of labour"
] | A | Ans. is a i.e. Immediate C.S. As Explained in the previous question-- Patient presenting with bleeding, at 37 weeks of gestation with central placenta pre, management should be immediate emergency cesarean section. Also Know Indications for cesarean section in case of placenta pre ? Major degrees of placenta pre (type ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A child is presenting with vomiting and abdominal pain after 5 hours of eating some food. The most likely causative orgonism: | [
"Bacillus cereus",
"Cl. perfringens",
"Cl. botalinum",
"V. cholerae"
] | A | M/C cause of food poisoning. Chinese fries rice is major source of the organism. REF : ananthanarayana 10th ed | train | med_mcqa | null |
Iodised salt is given in an area endemic to Goiter. Type of prevention | [
"Health promotion",
"Specific protection",
"Primordial prevention",
"Treatment"
] | B | Iodised salt is given in an area which has risk of developing goiter.
This is a primary level of prevention done by specific protection.
• Primordial prevention is done before the emergence of risk factor. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following may be presenting feature of phenylketonuria? | [
"Salaam spasms",
"Huntington's chorea",
"Diarrhoea",
"Haematemesis"
] | A | Ans. a (Salaam spasms). (Ref: Harrison, Medicine, 16th ed., 2333)PHENYLKETONURIA# The hyperphenylalaninemias result from impaired conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine.# The most common and clinically important is phenylketonuria (frequency 1:10,000), which is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by an incre... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A reduction in which of the following clotting factors is consistent with normal pregnancy? | [
"Fibrinogen",
"Factor XIII",
"Factor VIII",
"Factor X"
] | B | Clotting factors that decrease during pregnancy are factor XI and XIII. Clotting factors increase during pregnancy are X, IX, VIII, VII, and II. Fibrinogen level is raised by 50% from 200-400 mg% in non-pregnant to 300-600 mg% in pregnancy. Ref: Dutta, 6th ed, Page 52 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Sperm motility is increased in | [
"Increased temperature",
"Acidic environment",
"Vaginal secretions",
"Seminiferous tubules"
] | C | Sperm motility describes the ability of sperm to move properly through the female reproductive tract (internal feilization)Ref: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology;24th edition; page no:-421 | train | med_mcqa | null |
False about enamel spindle is | [
"Diameter = 2 micrometer",
"Extended odontoblastic process in enamel",
"Oriented At an acute angle to the dentine",
"Dark dehydrated in transmitted light"
] | C | Enamel spindle-
Diameter (2μ)
Extended odontoblast processes in enamel
Perpendicular (right angle) to dentin
DDT (Dark – Dehydrated – Transmitted light) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Definitive sign of pregnancy : | [
"Uterine souffle",
"Ballottement",
"Fetal hea sound",
"Amenorrhea"
] | C | Fetal hea sound | train | med_mcqa | null |
Death caused by medical negligence is under - | [
"304 IPC",
"351 IPC",
"312 IPC",
"Indian counsels act"
] | A | 1. Medical negligence act under IPC is Sec 304-A IPC.
2. Sec 304 A IPC pertains to “Causing death by negligence”. It Is punishable up to 2 years. It is applied, usually, in any case of death due to a rash and negligent act, e.g. death caused by rash driving.
3. Sec 351 IPC deals with “assault” that is a gesture inclu... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Salivary calculus is more common in | [
"Submandibular gland",
"Sublingual gland",
"Parotid gland",
"Minor salivary gland"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Patients with both Graves' disease and Cushing syndrome are overproducing hormones that have which one of the following in common? | [
"Reacting with receptors in the cell membrane",
"Utilizing second messengers",
"Binding to intracellular receptors",
"Binding to RNA to produce physiologically active proteins"
] | C | Graves' disease is caused by the hypersecretion of thyroid hormone, whereas Cushing syndrome is an overproduction of cortisol. Steroid hormones and thyroid hormones cross the cell membrane and bind to intracellular receptors. The hormone-receptor complex binds to DNA, not RNA. Polypeptide hormones and epinephrine react... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common CVS lesions in Down&;s Syndrome is | [
"VSD",
"ASD",
"TOF",
"COA"
] | A | Down syndrome:- Trisomy 21 Patients with down syndrome have mental and physical retardation, flat facial profile, an upward slant of eyes and epicanthic folds. Oblique palpebrak fissure seen. Nose is small with flat nasal bridge. Mouth shows narrow sho palate with small teeth and furrowed protruding tongue. There is si... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 24 y/o male was brought to psychiatry emergency. He appeared very excited, and was wearing orange t shi and pink pants along with googles. On seeing the doctor he said- 'I am the ultimate doctor, i have done MD and MS in all the specialities and I can cure all the diseases'. The family members repoed that he has not ... | [
"Lithium",
"Valproate",
"Risperidone",
"Benzodiazepine"
] | C | The history is suggestive of a manic episode. Increased self esteem, grandiose ideas, colorful clothing and decreased sleep is al suggestive of manic episode. 1. The best treatment in such cases is a combination of mood stabilizers + antipsychotics 2. If the combination is not given, in the options. the best treatment ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Osmotic pressure can be calculated by using | [
"Bernoulli's law",
"Van't hoff law",
"Ohm's law",
"Poiseulle's law"
] | B | Osmotic pressure is calculated by van hoofs rule. (REF: GANONG&;S REVIEW OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY, PAGE NO - 7) | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following structures pierce the buccinator muscle Except: | [
"Parotid duct",
"Molar glands of the cheek",
"Buccal branch of facial nerve",
"Buccal branch of the mandibular nerve"
] | D | buccal branch of the mandibular nerve Buccinator is the muscle of the cheek. It is a thin quadrilateral muscle which occupies the interval between the maxilla and the mandible. Its upper and lower boundaries are attached to the outer surfaces of the alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible respectively opposite t... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Objectives of cleaning and shaping are all except: | [
"Sufficient space should be created for intracanal medicaments and irrigants.",
"To aid in condensation of inert filling material.",
"Should keep the apical foramen as small as possible.",
"None of the above"
] | B | Schilder objectives of cleaning and shaping of root canals:
a) Mechanical objectives:
• Continuous tapering canal shape, with the narrowest cross-sectional diameter apically and the widest diameter coronally.
• Walls should taper evenly towards apex
• To give the prepared root canal the quality of flow.
• Should keep t... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is least characteristic of anorexia nervosa – a) Lowered vital signs when the weight is low b) Decreased physical activity c) history of obestity d) Denial of illness | [
"ab",
"bc",
"cd",
"bd"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
First dentin bonding agent was: | [
"Sevitron cavity seal",
"Cervident",
"Clearfill",
"None"
] | A | During the 1950s, it was reported that a resin containing glycerophosphoric acid dimethacrylate (GPDM) could bond to a hydrochloric acid–etched dentin surface. Another researcher had used the same monomer chemically activated with sulinic acid and that combination would later be known commercially as Sevitron Cavity Se... | train | med_mcqa | null |
National institute of Homeopathy is located in: | [
"Delhi",
"Kolkata",
"Chennai",
"Mumbai"
] | B | The government of india has established a national institute of Ayurveda in Jaipur and a national institute of homeopathy in Kolkata. Ref: Park 21st edition, page 849. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the immunoglobulin has Maximum half-life- | [
"Ig G",
"Ig A",
"Ig M",
"Ig E"
] | A | Serum Half-life: IgG (G1, G2, and G4): 23 days (maximum) and Subclass 3 has half-life of 8 days. IgA: 06 days IgM: 05 days IgD: 03 days IgE:2.5 days (minimum) | train | med_mcqa | null |
A true diabetic cataract is also known as: | [
"Sunflower cataract",
"Rosette-shaped cataract",
"Snow-storm cataract",
"Coronary cataract"
] | C | Ans. Snow-storm cataract | train | med_mcqa | null |
The United Nations General Assembly recently declared June 21st as | [
"International Yoga day",
"International Tourism day",
"International Meditation day",
"International Cultural Heritage day"
] | A | . | train | med_mcqa | null |
External nose is formed from: | [
"3 paired+3 unpaired cailages",
"3 paired + 1 unpaired cailages",
"3 paired +4 unpaired",
"1 paired+1 unpaired"
] | B | 3 paired+ 1 unpaired cailages External nose is made up of bony framwork which forms upper third pa and cailaginous forms lower two-third pa framwork. cailages of nose: -paired upper lateral nasal cailages -paired lower nasal cailages -lesser alar cailages-2 or more in number -unpaired septal cailage. Ref.Dhingra 5/e, p... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Secretory diarrhea is not seen in: | [
"Phenolphthalein",
"Celiac disease",
"Cholera",
"Addison's Disease"
] | B | Answer is B (Celiac Disease) Celiac Disease is associated with Steatorrheal diarrhoea from mucosa! malabsorption. Secretory Diarrhea Ceain Bacterial Infection Vibrio Cholera Enterotoxigenic E.Coli Non Osmotic Stimulant Laxatives Hormone Producing Endocrine Tumors Carcinoid, VlPomas, Gastrinomas, Medullary Carcinoma Thy... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following belong to the family of selectin, except | [
"P selectin",
"L selectin",
"A selectin",
"E selectin"
] | C | If the endothelial cells are activated by cytokines and other mediators produced locally, they express adhesion molecules to which the lleukocytes attach loosely. These cells bind and detach and thus begin to tumble on the endothelial surface, a process called rolling.The weak and transient interactions involved in rol... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Infectivity period of chickenpox is ? | [
"1 day before and 4 days after appearance of rash",
"4 days before and 5 day after appearance of rash",
"Only when scab falls",
"Entire incubation period"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 1 day before and 4 days after appearance of rash Period of communicability: Chicken pox: 1 - 2 days before to 4 - 5 days after appearance of rash Measles: 4 days before to 5 days after appearance of rash Rubella: 7 days before symptoms to 7 days after appearance of rash Mumps: 4 - 6 days before sympto... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Rivastigmine and Donepezil are drugs used predominantly in the management of - | [
"Depression",
"Dissociation",
"Delusions",
"Dementia"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Dementia o Rivastigmine, Donepezil, Galantamine and tacrine all are central cholinesterase inhibitors and are used in senile dementia of Alzheimer's desease. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lysine is deficient in: | [
"Maize",
"Wheat",
"Fish",
"Egg"
] | A | Maize | train | med_mcqa | null |
The highest quantities of vitamin C is found in? | [
"Orange",
"Lemon",
"Indian gooseberry",
"Grapes"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Indian gooseberryThe richest source of vitamin C is Indian goosebery (A mla).Impoant sources of vitamin C in decreasing order : -Amla > Guava > Cabbage > Arnaranath > Lime > Cauliflower > Orange > Spinach > Tomato > Potato | train | med_mcqa | null |
Not true among the following are | [
"Anterior intercostal arteries of 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th Intercostal spaces are the branches of Musculophrenic Artery",
"Superior epigastric artery passes through foramen of Morgagni to supply Rectus sheath",
"1st and 2nd posterior intercostal artery arise from Costocervical trunk",
"Root value of Intercostob... | A | Anterior intercostal arteries of 7th, 8th, 9th Intercostal spaces are the branches of Musculophrenic Artery. There is no 10th intercostal space. | train | med_mcqa | null |
MMR is a - | [
"Rate",
"Ratio",
"Propoion",
"None"
] | B | Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine 23rd edition. *Maternal moality ratio is defined as (total no of female deaths due to complications of pregnancy,childbih or within 42 days of delivery from puerperal causes in an area during a given year /total no of live bihs in the same area and year)x1000. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cryptococcus neoformans is identified by: | [
"AFB Stain",
"Grams stain",
"India ink",
"Rose Bengal"
] | C | India ink | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 5 year old female patient complains of pain and bleeding in upper front teeth region and gives a history of fall while playing 30 minutes ago. Patient brought the avulsed tooth in milk. Intra-oral examination reveals bleeding and avulsion of maxillary right central incisor. What would be the appropriate management f... | [
"Immediate repositioning with stabilization",
"Bleeding control and pain management without replantation",
"Replantation and endodontic intervention",
"If repositioning is not possible, place the tooth in a suitable storage medium"
] | B | If a parent calls to report that a tooth has been avulsed, and it can be determined that the injury is without other oral, neurologic, or higher-priority physical complications, the dentist may instruct the parent to do the following (primary teeth should not be replanted):
1. Keep the patient calm.
2. F... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A lady with 38 weeks pregnancy and painless vaginal bleeding comes to casualty. On examination head is engaged and uterus is non tender and relaxed. The next line of treatment is: | [
"Per speculum examination",
"Conservative management",
"Termination of pregnancy",
"Ultrasonography"
] | C | Painless vaginal bleeding and absence of other significant findings confirm the diagnosis of placenta previa.
Gestational age of the patient is 38 weeks i.e. fetal maturity is attained so termination should be done.
In case of severe bleeding pregnancy is terminated by cesarean section irrespective of gestational age. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hypopharyngeal tumors have a poor prognosis compared with other head and neck cancer sites because of all except:- | [
"Vague early stage symptoms",
"Locally advanced stage at presentation",
"High rate of nodal metastasis",
"Low rate of distant metastasis"
] | D | Hypopharyngeal tumors have a poor prognosis compared with other head and neck cancer sites because of Vague early stage symptoms. Locally advanced stage at presentation. High rate of nodal metastasis. High rate of distant metastasis | train | med_mcqa | null |
30-year-old female presents with a painful, red, warm nail fold since last 7 days. Patient is applying various home remedies like turmeric powder, warm saline compressions without any relief. The most probable diagnosis is | [
"Ingrowing finger nail",
"Acute paronychia",
"Chronic paronychia",
"Onychomycosis"
] | B | . | train | med_mcqa | null |
Battledore placenta is associated with highest risk of | [
"Fetal anomalies",
"Cord avulsion",
"Uterine inversion",
"Single umbilical artery"
] | B | Battle dore placenta - marginal insertion of umbilical cord, occasionally results in cord avulsion during delivery of placenta. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Age of eruption of Permanent 1st molor ? | [
"6 years",
"8 years",
"10 years",
"12 years"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 6 years | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following drugs are commercially marketed as racemic mixture except- | [
"Bupivacaine",
"Thiopentone",
"Ropivacaine",
"Thiamylal"
] | C | Ropivacaine is pure s-isomer of bupivacaine. Enantiomers exist in two different spatial configurations, like right- and left-handed gloves, and are present in equal amounts in a racemic solution. They are optically active and can be differentiated by their effects on the rotation of the plane of a polarised light into ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Airway noise originating in the nose, nasopharynx and oropharynx is known as: | [
"Stridor",
"Steor",
"Both of the above",
"None of the above"
] | B | Stridor is a harsh noise produced by turbulent airflow through a paially obstructed airway. It may be inspiratory, expiratory, or both (biphasic). The term steor is used to describe airway noise originating in the nose, nasopharynx, and oropharynx; therefore, stridor is generally of laryngeal or tracheal origin. | train | med_mcqa | null |
What should be the gelation temperature of agar? | [
"70-100 degrees centigrade",
"37-45 degrees centigrade",
"50-60 degrees centigrade",
"30-40 degrees centigrade"
] | B | Liquefaction temperature → 70-100o C
Gelation temperature → 37-45o C, just above oral cavity temperature. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Infliximab is: | [
"IgG1 chimeric monoclonal antibody against TNF a",
"IgG1 fully human monoclonal antibody against TNF a",
"IgG4 chimeric monoclonal antibody against TNF a",
"P75 TNF receptor fusion protein"
] | A | Infliximab: It is a chimeric monoclonal antibody which binds and neutralizes TNF-alpha dose- 3-5 mg/kg is infused i.v. every weeks. An acute reaction comprising of fever, chills, Uicaria, bronchospasm, rarely anaphylaxis may follow infusion. Susceptibility to respiratory infections is Increased and worsening of CHF has... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lithogenic bile has the following propeies | [
"Increased Bile and cholesterol ratio",
"Decreased Bile and cholesterol ratio",
"Equal bile and cholesterol ratio",
"Decreased cholesterol only"
] | B | An excess of cholesterol relative to bile acids and phospholipids allows cholesterol to form crystals and such bile is called lithogenic or supersaturated bile Lithogenic bile Increased Biliary cholesterol Obesity Cholesterol rich diet Cholesterol therapy Decreased Bile Acids Primary biliary cirrhosis OCP's Mutation of... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Radioactive isotope of which of the following is used in bone scans: September 2009, 2010 | [
"Phosphorous",
"Iodine",
"Technetium",
"Gallium"
] | C | Ans. C: Technetium Bone scan/ nuclear medicine technique: The patient is injected with a small amount of radioactive material such as 600 MBq of technetium-99m-MDP and then scanned with a gamma camera, a device sensitive to the radiation emitted by the injected material. Two-dimensional projections of scintigraphy may ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Tecnniques of delivery of after coming head in breech presentation : | [
"Burns-Marshall method",
"Forceps delivery",
"Modified Mauriceau-Smellie-Veit technique",
"All"
] | D | Ans. is a, b and c i.e. Burns-Marshall method; Forceps delivery; and Modified Mauriceau-Smellie-Veit technique Methods of delivery of after coming head of breech : Burns marshall technique Mouriceau smellie met technique Piper's forcep. Note : Lovset's manoeuvre is used for delivery of extended arms in breech. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Egg contains all vitamins except | [
"B1",
"B6",
"C",
"E"
] | C | Egg Egg contains all the nutrients except carbohydrate and vitamin C. About 12 per cent of egg is made of shell, 58 per cent of egg white, and 30 per cent of egg yolk. An egg weighing 60 grams contains 6 g of protein, 6 g of fat, 30 mg of calcium and 1.5 mg of iron, and supplies about 70 kcal of energy. Egg proteins ha... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Mechanism of action of 5-FU is? | [
"Antimetabolite",
"Direct DNA chelating agent",
"Anti-Mitotic",
"Topoisomerase inhibitor"
] | A | ANSWER: (A) AntimetaboliteREF: Goodman and Gillmans 11TH edition page 1087See APPENDIX-37 for "Anticancer drugs""Fluorouracil (5-FU) interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the methylation of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid" APPENDIX - 37Classification of Cancer Chemotherapy Agents:GroupSubgroups & AgentsAcute ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The most important determinant of a successful outcome following surgery for hallux valgus is: | [
"Thorough preoperative assessment",
"The technical skill of the surgeon",
"The management during the first 2 postoperative weeks",
"The long-term management"
] | A | Ans. A. Thorough preoperative assessmentAlthough all the factors listed influence the outcome following surgery for hallux valgus, selection of the wrong patient or the wrong operation is the most frequent error. The decision whether or not to operate must be made on the basis of a comprehensive evaluation that include... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Boiled cabbage or rancid butter smelling urine is seen in? | [
"Phenylketonuria",
"Tyrosinemia",
"Isovaleric Acidaemia",
"Multiple carboxylase deficiency"
] | B | ANSWER: (B) TyrosinemiaREF: Sapira's art & science of bedside diagnosis - Page 138, Textbook of Pediatric Emergency Medicine by Gary R. Fleisher, Stephen Ludwig Page 1566Tyrosinaemia is an error of metabolism, inherited, in which the body cannot effectively break down the amino acid tyrosine, found in most animal and p... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lamina densa attached to the underlying connective tissue by | [
"Anchoring fibres",
"Hemidesmosomes",
"Desmosomes",
"Laminin"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A child builds towers of 2 cubes at the age of ______ | [
"12 months",
"15 months",
"22 months",
"24 months"
] | B | Developmental milestones:- GROSS MOTOR DEVELOPMENT: 2 months: Holds head in plane of rest of the body when held in ventral suspension. In prone position in bed, the chin lifts momentarily. 3 months:lift head above the plane of the body. Head control stas by 3 months and fully developed by 5 months. 4 months:Remain on f... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common location of congenital cyst in lung: | [
"Right bronchus",
"Left bronchus",
"Pleural surface",
"Perihilar intrapulmonary"
] | A | Ans. A. Right bronchus Ref: Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics 20th/ed p2057Explanation# Bronchogenic cysts arise from abnormal budding of the tracheal diverticulum of the foregut before the 16th week of gestation and are originally lined with ciliated epithelium.# They are more commonly found on the right and near a midlin... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are associated with decreased sense of smell except? | [
"Parkinsonism",
"Kallmann Syndrome",
"Gullain barre syndrome",
"HIV infection"
] | C | Gullain barre syndrome does not present with anosmia Non-motor symptoms of Parkinsonism are constipation, anosmia, and REM behavior sleep disorder. Kallmann syndrome presents with anosmia due to olfactory bulb agenesis/ hypoplasia. HIV infection can also affect olfactory bulbs leading to anosmia | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following agents is likely to cause cerebral calcification and hydrocephalus in a newborn whose mother has history of taking spiramycin but was not complaint with therapy | [
"Rubella",
"Toxoplasmosis",
"CMV",
"Herpes"
] | B | The mother was suffering from toxoplasmosis. The classical triad of congenitsl toxoplasmosis includes intracranial calcifications, hydrocephalus and chorioretinitis. Infants asymptomatic at bih may present later with mental retardation and deafness. Spiramycin is a macrolide antibiotic and antiparasitic- used to treat ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug causing hirsuitism and gynaecomastia | [
"Spironolactone",
"Rifampicin",
"Penicillin",
"Bumetanide"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Spironlactone | train | med_mcqa | null |
Multifocal tumor of vascular origin in a patient of AIDS- | [
"Kaposi's sarcoma",
"Astrocytoma",
"Gastric Carcinoma",
"Primary CNS lymphoma"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Regard to the use of laser in gynecology , all are true except | [
"Management of CIN, VIN, VAIN",
"Laser laparoscopy for ectopic pregnancy",
"Laser hysteroscopy for presacral neurectomy",
"It acts by tissue cutting, vapourization or coagulation"
] | C | Indications of Laser CIN VIN VAIN Conisation of cervix Vaporization of endometriosis Laser laparoscopy for ovarian cystectomy,adhesiolysis,removal of ectopic pregnancy,presacrel neurectomy Laser laparoscopic assisted hysteroscopy for dividing large pedicles that have been coagulated or suture ligated Laser ablation of ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are true about Rota virus except - | [
"Cuases diarrhoea in man and children",
"Rota B can be grown in cell culture",
"Rota C can cause diarrhoea in children",
"Culture cannot be done"
] | B | Rotaviruses are now considered as most common cause of diarrhea in infants and children.Outbreaks of ritavirus diarrhea in older children and adults have been repoed .This rotavirus is Adult diarrhea rotavirus. REF:ANANTHANARAYAN AND PANIKER'S TEXTBOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY 9TH EDITION PAGE NO:561 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Main content of bilayer cell membrane is: March 2009 | [
"Glycerol",
"Cholesterol",
"Cholesterol ester",
"Triacyl glycerol"
] | B | Ans. B: CholesterolBiological membranes typically include several types of lipids other than phospholipids. A paicularly impoant example in animal cells is cholesterol, which helps strengthen the bilayer and decrease its permeability.Cholesterol also helps regulate the activity of ceain integral membrane proteins. Inte... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Karion is seen in | [
"Candida infection",
"Trichomoniasis",
"Pityriasis",
"Dermatophystosis"
] | D | D i.e. Dermatophytosis | train | med_mcqa | null |
Factor X is ? | [
"Hageman factor",
"Stua-Prower factor",
"Christmas factor",
"Tissue factor"
] | B | Ans. is 'B' i.e., Stua-Prower factor | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following staphylococcal protein is a superantigen- | [
"Exfoliative toxin",
"Cytolytic toxin",
"ProteinA",
"Leucocidin"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Exfoliative toxin Examples of superantigeno Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxino Staphylococcal enterotoxinso Staphylococcal exfoliative (erythrogenic) toxino Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome toxino Certain nonhuman retroviral proteinso Yersinia pseudotuberculosiso Mycoplasma arthritis,o Mouse... | train | med_mcqa | null |
"Pointing index" is due to paralysis of: | [
"Median nerve",
"Ulnar nerve",
"Radial nerve",
"Auxiliary nerve"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Median nerve Pointing index:On asking the pt. to make a fist, it is noticed that the index finger remains straight.This is d/t Paralysis of the flexor digitorum superficialis and that of lateral half of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle (to the index finger) in median nerve palsy at a level of prox... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following reflexes are present at birth? | [
"Moro's reflex",
"Palmar grasp",
"ATNR",
"All of above"
] | D | Ans. D. All of aboveA question is often asked about the Neonatal reflexes and their timings.REFLEXAPPEARSFULLY DEVELOPEDDISAPPEARSMoro's reflex28-32 wks of gestation37 wks of gestation3-6 monthsAsymmetric tonic neck reflex35 wks. of gestation1 month5-6 monthsParachute reflex6-7 m10-11 mPersists for lifePalmar grasp28 w... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following plasma proteins is not synthesized primarily in liver? | [
"Angiotensinogen",
"C-reactive protein",
"Angiotensin converting enzyme",
"Fibrinogen"
] | C | Ans. (c) Angiotensin II converting enzyme* The lungs also activate one hormone; the physiologically inactive decapeptide angiotensin I is converted to the pressor, aldosterone-stimulating octapeptide angiotensin II in the pulmonary circulation. The reaction occurs in other tissues as well, but it is particularly promin... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following techniques use piezoelectric crystals - | [
"Ultrasonography",
"X-ray diffraction",
"NMR imaging",
"Xeroradiography"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Ultrasonography o Ultrasonography is based on piezoelectric effect.o MRI is based on gyeromagneticproperty of proton (H+).Ultrasonography (USG) / Ultrasoundo USG is performed with the pulse-echo technique. By the virtue of piezoelectric effect in the ultrasound probe (or transducer), electric energy i... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cause of expansion in Zinc containing amalgam is: | [
"Zinc + water",
"Water",
"Hydrogen",
"Nascent oxygen"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Inferior longitudinal muscle: | [
"Shortens the tongue mad makes the dorsum concave.",
"Shortens the tongue and makes the dorsum convex.",
"Narrow and elongates the tongue.",
"None."
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Kiesselbach's plexus is situated on the: | [
"Medial wall of the middle ear",
"Lateral wall of the naso-pharynx",
"Anterior inferior region of the nasal septum",
"Laryngeal aspect of epiglottis"
] | C | Kiesselbach's area (plexus) is a region in the anterior inferior region of the nasal septum where branches of the sphenopalatine, anterior ethmoidal, greater palatine, and facial aeries anastomose. Most nosebleeds (epistaxis) usually occur in this area. | train | med_mcqa | null |
General fertility rate (GFR) is | [
"Unmarried women n the age group 15-44 years",
"Number of children a woman would have if she were to pass through her reproductive years",
"Number of abortions, usually per 1000 women of child bearing age",
"Women in the reproductive age-group 15-44 years"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 45 yr old female developed recurrent oral erosions followed by multiple flaccid bullae on trunk and extremities. A tzanck smear showed acantholytic cells and direct immunofluoroscence showed intercellular IgG deposits in the epidermis. The most probable diagnosis is: | [
"Bullous Pemphigoid",
"Stevens Johnson syndrome",
"Herpes simplex 1 infection",
"Pemphigus vulgaris"
] | D | Recurrent, painful oral lesions and cutaneous lesions in the form of flaccid bullae are characteristic of phemphigus vulgaris Positive Tzanck smear, IgG deposits on direct immunofluoroscence positive nikolsky's sign are features of phemphigus vulgaris. Ref: Textbook of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology By Devinder... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Clinical features of Erythema nodosum Leprosum a) Fever b) Hepatitis c) Joint pain d) Pancreatitis e) Skin eruptions | [
"abc",
"bcd",
"cde",
"bde"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
What are the EEG waves record for parietooccipital region with subject awake & eye closed? | [
"Alpha waves",
"Beta waves",
"Delta waves",
"Theta waves"
] | A | In adult humans who are awake but at rest with the mind wandering and eyes closed the most prominent component of EEG is a fairly regular pattern of waves at a frequency of 8-13 Hz and amplitude of 50-100uV, this pattern is the alpha rhythm. Ref: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology; 23rd edition; pg:233 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ligament below head of talus is ? | [
"Spring",
"Deltoid",
"Cervical",
"None"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Spring Inferior surface of head of talus has three aicular areas :?Posterior facet (largest) : It aiculates with middle facet of sustenticulum tali of calcaneum.Anterolateral facet : It aiculates with anterior facet of calcaneum.Medial facet : It is related to spring ligament (plantar calcaneonavicula... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Normal therapeutic level of Lithium is : | [
"0.5 to 0.7 mEq/lit",
"0.7 to 1.1 mEq/lit",
"0.1 to 0.3 mEq/lit",
"1.5 to 2 mEq/lit"
] | B | Ans: B (0.7 - 1.1 mEq/L) LithiumShort ReviewThe peak serum levels occur between 30 minutes to 3 hours. The absorption is virtually complete in about 8 hours.Lithium is not protein bound : There is no metabolism of, litium in body. It is excreted almost entirely by kidneys.Tremor: This is the commonest side effect*, occ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Mantle cell lymphomas are positive for all of the following except - | [
"CD23",
"CD20",
"CD5",
"Cyclin D1"
] | A | Mantle cells lymphomas are usually CD23 negative. They are positive for CD5, CD20 and CD43. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is/are X ray feature/s of perthes disease? | [
"Increased medial joint space",
"Metaphyseal cysts and rarefaction",
"Lateral extrusion of femur head",
"All the above"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All the above * Radiological findings in perthe's disease arei) Increased medial joint spaceii) Widening of femoral neckiii) Lateral extrusion (lateral subluxation)iv) Metaphyseal cysts and rarefaction ofmetaphysisv) Horizontal physis with speckled calcification lateral to itvi) Fragmentation of femor... | train | med_mcqa | null |
E6 gene product of HPV causes malignance transformation by acting on ? | [
"p53 gene",
"RAS gene",
"C-myc gene",
"N-myc gene"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., p-53 gene HPV selectively infects the epithelium of skin and mucous membrane and may immoalize the keratinocytes leading either asymptomatic infection, or was or neoplasia.Products of E-genes (E6, E7) are related to immoalization or malignant transformation of keratinocytes by interfering with p53 and... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is TRUE about leiomyosarcoma of breast? | [
"Well encapsulated",
"Radical mastectomy is treatment of choice",
"Metastasize by lymphatic channel",
"Axillary lymph node dissection is mandatory"
] | A | Leiomyosarcoma: These primary soft tissue sarcomas of the breast represent less than 1% of all breasts malignancies. It includes malignant fibrous histiocytoma and angiosarcoma. Leiomyosarcoma are malignant tumors composed of cells showing smooth features. These tumors behave as sarcoma behave elsewhere in the body. Th... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most fulminant fungal meningitis is caused by | [
"Histoplasma",
"Cryptococcus",
"Coccidioides",
"Mucormycosis"
] | B | (B) Cryptococcus # Cryptococcal meningitis is the most serious type of fungal infection and can resemble tuberculous or other chronic types of meningitis.> Its onset is insidious and the course slow and progressive.> It is often seen in AIDS. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug used in mild hemophilia is : | [
"Corticosteroids",
"DDAVP",
"Vitamin K",
"Tranexamic acid"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Indication of methotrexate in molar pregnancy: | [
"Fetal hea activity present",
"Theca lutein cysts size <4cm",
"P-hCG 4000 MlU\\/ml",
"Evidence of metastasis"
] | D | Indications for chemotherapy in GTD histological evidence of choriocarcinoma Evidence of metastasis in brain ,liver,GIT,or radiological opacities >2 cm on chest x-ray Pulmanory ,vulval or vaginal metastases unless serum beta hcg is falling Heavy vaginal bleeding or evidence of gastrointestinal or intraperitoneal haemor... | train | med_mcqa | null |
An 18 year old male patient presented to the clinic with pain and swelling in the lower jaw. Intraoral examination
revealed localized gingival bleeding in the right posterior region. On palpation, pulsations can be appreciated. Lesions are also appreciated on the frontal bone on a radiograph. Which condition is present... | [
"Vascular malformation",
"Cherubism",
"Eosinophilic granuloma",
"Brown tumor"
] | A | Vascular malformation (VM) in bone occurs more frequently than the central hemangioma (CH) of bone. Some 35% of VMs occur in bone, whereas CHs of bone are rare. The CH of bone is a benign tumor that rarely occurs in the jaws; it occurs more frequently in the skull and vertebrae. It may be congenital or traumatic in ori... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The axillary sheath is an extension of this fascia around the subclan aery and brachial plexus. Fascia around nerve bundle of brachial plexus is derived from: | [
"Preveebral fascia",
"Pretracheal fascia",
"Investing layer",
"Superficial cervical fascia"
] | A | The brachial plexus and the subclan aery course between the anterior and middle scalene muscles, and as the nerve plexus and aery emerge from those muscles, they carry an extension of the preveebral fascia along to form the axillary sheath. Ref: Moon D.A., Foreman K.B., Albeine K.H. (2011). Chapter 26. Triangles and Ro... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 12-year-old boy is referred for evaluation of nocturnal enuresis and short stature. The blood pressure is normal. The blood urea is 112 mg/dl, creatinine 6 mg/dl, sodium 119 mEq/l, potassium 4 mEcill, calcium 7 mg/dl, phosphate 6 mg/dl and alkaline phosphatase 400 U/l. Urinalysis shows trace proteinuria with hyaline ... | [
"Alport's syndrome",
"Medullary sponge kidney",
"Chronic glomerulonephritis",
"Nephronophthisis"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Anaesthesia used during Coronary angiography technique is:- | [
"Local anaesthesia",
"Caudal Anaesthesia",
"General Anaesthesia",
"Epidural Anaesthesia"
] | A | General Anaesthesia is not given for angiography . Local Anaesthesia and sedation is mostly used for angiography. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Organophosphate insecticides are all except - | [
"Dieldrin",
"Fenthion",
"Diazinon",
"Propoxur"
] | A | Organochloride compounds: DDT Lindane Methoxychlor HCH Chlordane Dieldrin Aldrin Toxaphene Kepone Mirex Organophosphorous compounds: Chlohion Diazinon Dioxathion Dimethoate EPN Malathion (OMS-1) Fenthion (OMS-2) Methyl parathion Parathion Ronnel Trichlorfon Dichlorvos Abate (OMS-786) Naled Gardona Chlorpyrifos Fenitrot... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True regarding anaesthesia apparatus – | [
"Rotameter reading may not get affected by dirt inside the tube",
"Rotameter reading may not get affected by static electricity",
"The Boyle machine is an intermittent flow device",
"An oxygen failure safety device operate even in the absences of nitrous oxide"
] | D | Oxygen failure safety device operates to detect oxygen supply pressure (not N2O pressure). So, if O2 supply pressure is low it operates to interrupt the flow of N2O. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 6-year-old boy is often teased at school because he has stooled in his underwear almost daily for the last 3 months. He was toilet trained at 2 years of age without difficulty, but over the last 2 years he has developed ongoing constipation. His family is frustrated because they cannot believe him when he says, "I di... | [
"Barium enema and rectal biopsy",
"Family counseling",
"Time-out when he stools in his underwear",
"Clear fecal impaction and short-term stool softener use"
] | D | (d) Source: (Hay et al, pp 84-85. Kliegman et al, pp 73-75. McMillan et al, pp 672-674, 1920-1923. Rudolph et al, pp 1386-1389.) Encopresis is defined as the passage of feces in inappropriate locations after bowel control would be expected (usually older than 4 years). Encopresis is seen both with chronic constipation ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Delirium tremens is seen in | [
"Alcohol withdrawal",
"Alcohol overdoses",
"Morphine poisoning",
"Atropine poisoning"
] | A | Delirium tremens Delirium tremens (DT) is the most severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome. It occurs usually within 2-4 days of complete or significant abstinence from heavy alcohol drinking in about 5% of patients, as compared to acute tremulousness which occurs in about 34% of patients. The course is sho, with recovery o... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Difference between typical cervical & thoracic veebral | [
"Has a triangular body",
"Has a foramen transversarium",
"Superior aicular facet directed backwards & upwards",
"Has a large veebral body"
] | B | B i.e., Has a foramen transversorium | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common phase II drug metabolizing reaction is: | [
"Glucuronidation",
"Acetylation",
"Oxidation",
"Glutathione conjugation"
] | A | - Glucuronidation
Carried out by UDP - Glucuronosyltransferase.
Results in increased molecular weight of the drug.
Helps in excretion in bile. | train | med_mcqa | null |
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