question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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Large antigen-antibody complexes are formed in - | [
"Prozone",
"Postzone",
"Zoneof equivalence",
"Noneof the above"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Zone of equivalence o Maximum lattice formation (antigen-antibody complex formation) occurs in zone of equivalence. | train | med_mcqa | null |
According to "Rule of 9 of Wallace" for an adult multiple-Burns patient, Percentage of burns in perineum is considered to be __% of Body Surface Area : | [
"1%",
"5%",
"9%",
"14%"
] | A | Ans- A According to "rule of nine" 1. Each upper limb is 9% 2. Each lower limb is 18% 3. Torso is 18% each side 4. Head and neck 9% 5. Perineum 1 % Note -Patient's whole hand is 1 % TBSA and is useful guide in small burn. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The best graphic representation of frequency distribution of data gathered of a continuous variable is - | [
"Simple bar graph",
"Multiple bar",
"Line diagram",
"Histogram"
] | D | Ans. is`d' i.e. Histogram | train | med_mcqa | null |
The following are related to corpous luteum except | [
"Luteinised granulosa cells produce progesterone",
"Estrogen continues to be produced by the luteinised granulosa cells",
"Luteolysis is due to estrogen, PGF2a and endothelin",
"The peak steriod production is between 23 and 25th day"
] | D | The estrogen attains a lower level and maintains a plateau curve as against a peak rise in follicular phase. Progesterone attains its highest peak about 8 days(22nd day of menstual cycle) after the LH peak Regression of corpus luteum is attrubuted to fall in LH level and rise in the level of estrogen and PGF2alpha. Ref... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Swine flu is caused most commonly by - | [
"H1N1",
"H5N1",
"H3N2",
"B virus"
] | A | <p> SWINE FLU:- Pandemic influenza A (H1N1). This differs from seasonal influenza in two ways. 1. Majority of population has little/no pre existing immunity to virus,the impact of the infection thus leading to wider range. 2. The virus infect the lower respiratory tract and can cause progressive pneumonia. Incubation p... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Dispersion of data is measured by -a) Coefficient of correlationb) Rangec) Standard deviationd) Coefficient of variatione) Normal distribution curve | [
"a",
"c",
"ac",
"bcd"
] | D | Measure of dispersion (Variation)
Absolute: Range, Quartile deviation, Mean deviation, standard deviation.
Relative: Co-efficient of range, co-efficient of quartile deviation, coefficient of mean deviation, co-efficient of variation. | train | med_mcqa | null |
In infants, the cause of blindness arising out of oxygen toxicity is - | [
"Degeneration of crystalline lens",
"Growth of blood vessels into vitreous followed by fibrosis",
"Damage to cornea",
"Enzymic defect in lens"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Growth of blood vessels into vitreous followed by fibrosis | train | med_mcqa | null |
hyper ammonemia is a side effect of | [
"valproate",
"amitriptilline",
"amisulpride",
"olanzapine"
] | A | LETHAL SIDE EFFECTS OF VALPROATE - Hyperammonemia - Pancreatitis - Hepatic failure - Neural tube defects - Thrombocytopenia MINOR SIDE EFFECTS OF VALPROATE - Hair loss - PCOD - WEIGHT GAIN - TREMORS Ref.kaplon and sadock, synopsis of psychiatry,11 th editioon, pg no.935 | train | med_mcqa | null |
In a demographic cycle, Late expanding stage indicates - | [
"High birth and death rates",
"Decreasing DR and stationary BR",
"Decreasing BR and decreasing DR",
"Low DR and BR"
] | C | Ans. is 'c'i.e., Decreasing BR and decreasing DR o Late expanding stage forms the third stage of a demographic cycle.o The death rate declines more than the birth rate (Birth rate also declines but to a lesser degree) resulting in a net increase in Growth rate.o The population continues to grow because births exceed de... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The use of medical history in extraction patients is | [
"In medico legal cases",
"To assess the growth stage of a patient",
"To determine bleeding disorder",
"To determine communicable disease"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Growth spu occurs - | [
"Just before appearance of axillary hair",
"Just before menarche",
"After 16 years",
"Before thelarche"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Just before menarche | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is NOT TRUE about intermittent claudication? | [
"Most common in calf muscle",
"Pain is positional",
"Atherosclerosis is impoant predisposing factor",
"Relieved by rest"
] | B | Relieve of symptoms is not dependant upon sitting or other positional changes. Intermittent claudication: It refers to the pain or fatigue in muscles of the lower limb caused by walking and relieved by rest. Claudication is derived from the latin word for "liping, lame", strictly speaking, the term should be used only ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following condition is associated with Osmotic diarrhoea? | [
"Lactase deficiency",
"Ulcerative sprue",
"Surreptitious ingestion of laxatives",
"Endocrine tumors"
] | A | Clinical causes of osmotic diarrhea that causes an osmolar gap greater than 50 includes lactase deficiency, sorbitol foods, saline cathaics and antacids. Osmotic diarrhea occur when water soluble molecules are poorly absorbed, remain in the intestinal lumen and retain water in the intestine. It usually follows ingestio... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Gross hematuria is seen in: | [
"IgA nephropathy",
"Minimal change disease",
"Chronic renal failure",
"Nephritic syndrome"
] | A | Ans. (a) IgA nephropathyRef: Harrison's 17h ed. Ch. 277* IgA nephroathy also known as Bergers disease. IgA antibodies get deposited in mesangial cells and cause dysfunction of mesangial cells and lead to microscopic/ gross hematuria.* It is classically characterized by episodic nature and is one of the most common form... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Isoniazid is NOT given in: | [
"Renal disease",
"Liver disease",
"Diabetes mellitus",
"Hypertension"
] | B | Ref: KD Tripathi, 7th ed. pg. 767* INH is hepatotoxic and is avoided in pre-existing liver disease* Isoniazid is an essential component of all anti-tubercular regimens. It is primarily tuberculocidal.* Fast multiplying organisms are rapidly killed, but quiescent ones are only inhibited.* The most common mechanism which... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Receptors found in nucleus for all except ? | [
"Estrogen",
"Androgen",
"Thyroxine",
"Vitamin -D"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Androgen Hormones with intracellular receptorsCytoplasmic :- Glucocoicoids (coisol/coisone), mineralocoicoids, androgens, progestins.Nucleus :- Estrogen, Thyroid hormones (T3 T4), retinoic acid, Vitamin D (Calcitriol or 1,25 (OH)2 D 2). | train | med_mcqa | null |
Coarctation of aorta is associated with – | [
"TAPVC",
"Bicuspid aortic valve",
"PDA",
"Nonc"
] | B | coarctation of Aorta may occur as a solitary defect it is accompanied by -
Bicuspid aortic valve in 50% cases and may be associated with :-
Congenital Aortic stenosis, ASD, VSD, mitral regurgitation and Berry aneurysm of the circle of willis. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The most common site of basal cell carcinoma of the lids is: | [
"Upper lid",
"Lower lid",
"Medial canthus",
"Lateral canthus"
] | B | Ans. Lower lid | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are pas of anterior segment of eye except? | [
"Lens",
"Cornea",
"Vitreous",
"None"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Vitreous The eyeball is divided into two segments : ? Anterior segment Pa of eyeball anterior to posterior border of lens is called anterior segment. It consists of lens, and structures anterior to it, i.e., cornea, iris and two aqueous humor-filled spaces, i.e., anterior and posterior chambers. Anter... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 47 year old woman complains of postcoital bleeding, nearly as heavy as menses. The most likely origin of her bleeding would be cervical : | [
"Polyps",
"Ectrooion",
"Carcinoma",
"Nabothian cysts"
] | C | Carcinoma | train | med_mcqa | null |
Confabulation is? | [
"A state of confusion where patient is not able to describe the details",
"Purposefully fabricating stories to project a ceain image",
"Filling up to gaps by fabrication to cover lapses in memory",
"A feeling of strangeness to familiar situations or events."
] | C | Ans. C. Filling up to gaps by fabrication to cover lapses in memoryConfabulationIt is a type of Paramnesia (Distoed or falsified recall of events in relation to details or their temporal relationships)Unintentional filling of gaps of memory with material which are untrue and fanciful. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Woods lamp has a frequency of – | [
"250 nm",
"300 nm",
"320 nm",
"360 nm"
] | D | The filter of wood lamp allows only certain wavelengths of UV rays (365 nm) to filter through | train | med_mcqa | null |
Trendelenburg's sign is positive due to injury to which of the following nerves? | [
"Superior gluteal nerve",
"Inferior gluteal nerve",
"Femoral nerve",
"Pudendal nerve"
] | A | Trendelenburg sign is positive when there is paralysis of hip abductors.
Abductors- Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus.
Accessory hip abductors- Tensor fascia lata, Sartorius
Superior gluteal nerve supplies the hip abductors. | train | med_mcqa | null |
This is the blood smear examination of a male aged 6 years. Which of the following ocular conditions is most likely to be associated in this patient? | [
"Hypertensive retinopathy",
"Sickle cell retinopathy",
"Retinitis pigmentosa",
"Purtschner retinopathy"
] | C | Ans. (c) Retinitis pigmentosaIn the blood picture - Acanthocytes (spur cells) can be seen scattered - in a child - it indicates the possibility of Abetalipoproteinemia - which can be associated with Retinitis pigmentosa. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug of choice in Bacteriodes infection is- | [
"Gentamicin",
"Metronidazole",
"Teacycline",
"Penicillin"
] | B | Bacteria belonging to the B. fragilis group are clinically the most frequently encountered anaerobic pathogens. Metronidazole has been the drug of choice for the treatment of Bacteroides infection and remains reliable for this use . Ref Harrison20th edition pg 1079 | train | med_mcqa | null |
In orbital floor fracture which of the following muscle mostly entrap in fracture segment: | [
"Inferior rectus.",
"Inferior oblique.",
"Medial rectus.",
"Lateral rectus."
] | A | Both inferior rectus and inferior oblique are involved but chances of entrapment is more for inferior rectus than inferior oblique. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Sheela 26-year-old female, currently taking phenytoin for idiopathic grand mal epilepsy, and is consulting you because she wants to avoid pregnancy. She is on oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) for the time being. She has searched the internet and read that phenytoin could decrease the effectiveness of her OCPs. Which one... | [
"Carbamazepine.",
"Lamotrigine",
"Topiramate.",
"Phenobarbitone."
] | B | Lamotrigine * Lamotrigine (Lamictal) is an excellent alternative in those who wish to avoid pregnancy while taking OCPs. * Topamirate (Topamax) decreases the effectiveness of OCPs; the rest are enzyme inducers that increase the catabolism of OCPs. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Torsion of ovary is most commonly seen in - | [
"Dermoid cyst",
"Granulosa celltumour",
"Dysgerminoma",
"Yolk sactumour"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Dermoid cyst "The most common are the epithelial cell tumours forming 80% fo all tumours. 80% are benign and 20% are malignant tumours. Of all the malignant tumours 90% are epithelial in origin, 80% are primary in the ovary and 20 % are secondary from breasts, git and colon."o Most common ovarian tumo... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Type IA is associated with all of the following, Except: | [
"Urinary PH > 5.5",
"Normal Anion Gap Acidosis",
"| urinary calcium",
"| urinary citrate"
] | D | D (| Urinary citrate): Type I Renal Tubular Acidosis is associated with low levels of urinary citrate Urinary citrate excretion is low as hypokalemia and acidosis stimulate proxmal tubular reabsorption of citrate. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Commonest ovarian tumour below 20 year of age is - | [
"Epithelial cell tumour",
"Sertoli call tumour",
"Leydig cell tumour",
"Germ cell tumour"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' Germ cell tumour" (Ref : Shaws, 13/e, p 359 (12/e, p 575)).Most common ovarian tumour in young woman is - germ cell tumour*common ovarian tumour (overall) - epithelial cell tumour*.Commonest cystic ovarian neoplasm - serous cystadenoma*.Ovarian tumour causing pseudomyxoma peritonei - Mucinous tumour*Ovarian... | train | med_mcqa | null |
5% guanethidine is used for | [
"Ptosis",
"Neuro-paralytic keratitis",
"Thyrotoxic ophthalmopathy",
"Homer's syndrome"
] | C | C. i.e. Thyrotoxic opthalmopathy | train | med_mcqa | null |
Chemical used in vaginal sponge is | [
"Ethynil estradiol",
"Progesterone",
"Mifepristone",
"Nonoxynol-9"
] | D | Vaginal sponge is a small polyurethane foam sponge saturated with spermicide, nonoxynol-9 It comes under barrier method of contraception Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, Page no: 495 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common primary intracranial tumour producing neuro ophthalmological feature | [
"Sebaceous gland carcinoma",
"Papilloma",
"chromo phobe adenoma",
"Uveal melanoma"
] | C | Chromophobe adenoma - M/c primary intracranial tumour producing neuroophthal features. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following enzyme does not catalyze the irreversible step in glycolysis - | [
"Hexokinase",
"Phosphoglycerate kinase",
"Pyruvate kinase",
"Phosphofructo kinase"
] | B | Ans- B Glycolysis (Embden Meyerh of Pathway) Definition: Glycolysis is a process by which glucose molecules are metabolized through a series of enzymatic reactions into 2 molecules of pyruvate. Site Of GlycolysisCytosol Purpose: Aerobic glycolysis produces 7 moles of ATP per mole of glucose and 2 moles of pyruvate (Ref... | train | med_mcqa | null |
RPGN is caused by | [
"Wegeners granulomatosis",
"Good pasteur syndrome",
"Microscopic polyangitis",
"All of the above"
] | D | Refer Robbins pageRapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) is a syndrome associated with severe glomerular injury, but does not denote a specific etiologic form of glomerulone- phritis. It is characterized by rapid and progressive loss of renal function associated with severe oliguria and signs of nephritic syndro... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are true about Diploic veins EXCEPT: | [
"Lined by single layer endothelium suppoed by elastic tissue",
"Present in Cranial bones",
"Valveless",
"Develop by 8th week of IUL"
] | D | Diploic veins sta developing in the cranial bones at about 2 years of age and are fully developed at the age of 35 years. These are lined by a single layer endothelium suppoed by elastic tissue and are valveless. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Branches of brachial aery are all except ? | [
"Profunda brachii",
"Superior ulnar collateral",
"Inferior ulnar collateral",
"Radial collateral"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Radial collateralo Radial collateral is a branch ofprofimda branchii aery, which in turn is a branch of brachial aery (Radial collateral aery is not a direct branch of brachial aery).Brachial aery o It begins as a continuation of axillary aery at level of lower border of teres major muscles. It termin... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Carcinoma esophagus? | [
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Middle one third affected",
"Dysphagia",
"Pernicious anemia often present"
] | D | Adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the two common type of carcinoma esophagus. Other rare type of esophageal carcinoma include undifferentiated, carcinoma, malignant melanoma, lymphoma and sarcoma. Middle one third is most common site of carcinoma and is involved in about 60% of esophageal cancers. Dysphagi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which antihypertensive is a prodrug and is converted to its active form in the brain? | [
"Clonidine",
"Methyldopa",
"Minoxidil",
"Nitroprusside"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
The treatment most likely to benefit a patient of massive pulmonary embolism in shock | [
"Thrombolytic therapy",
"Inotropic agent",
"Vasodilator therapy",
"Diuretic therapy"
] | A | For a patient with massive pulmonary embolism in shock,primary therapy consists of clot dissolution with thrombolytics like tPA/streptokinase or removal of PE by embolectomy.The preferred fibrinolytic regimen is 100 mg of recombinant tPA(tissue plasminogen activator) administered as a continuous peripheral iv infusion ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In a patient with ischaemic stroke, intravenous recombinant tissue has mainly been found to be useful during the initia | [
"3 hours",
"6 hours",
"12 hours",
"24 hours"
] | A | Ischemic stroke occurs when a blood clot blocks or plugs an aery leading to the brain. A blood clot often forms in aeries damaged by the buildup of plaques (atherosclerosis). It can occur in the carotid aery of the neck as well as other aeries. Ref Harrison20th edition pg 1123 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is the most common type of head and neck cancer | [
"Squamous cell carcinoma",
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Adenoid cystic carcinoma",
"Melanoma"
] | A | Head and neck cancers include cancers of the mouth and the throat, as well as some rarer cancers. These include cancer of the sinuses (air spaces in the bones of the face), the salivary glands, or the nose or middle ear. Mouth cancer can develop on the lip, the front two-thirds of the tongue, or anywhere inside the mou... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cardiac polyp is seen in | [
"Acute nephritis",
"Endocarditis",
"Septicaemia",
"Postmoem clot"
] | D | Chicken fat and red current jelly seen in post moem clot | train | med_mcqa | null |
In a case of undescended testis, After what age fuher descent doesnot occur ? | [
"4 months",
"6 months",
"8 months",
"12 months"
] | A | .UNDESCENDED TESTIS * It results from arrest of descent of the testis in some pa along its pathway to the scrotum. * Bilateral undescended testis is called cryptorchidism (means hidden testis). Up to the age of six, microscopic changes are uncommon. After that, testis gradually atrophies, reduces its external as well a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In 1st trimester, all of the following can be well appreciated, except | [
"Nuchal Translucency",
"CRL",
"Hydrocephalous",
"Anencephaly"
] | C | Crown rump length- Ideal time to measures CRL is 7 - 10 weeks Anencephaly - Earliest anomaly to be detected on USG , can be defected earliest by 10 weeks. Nuchal translucency - sonographic marker of down syndrome / aneuploidy in 1st trimester (seen at 10-12 weeks). Hydrocephalus can be seen around 20 - 24 weeks or beyo... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The incidence of unpleasant dreams associated with emergence from ketamine anaesthesia can be reduced by administration of – | [
"Atropine",
"Scopolamine",
"Physostigmine",
"Diazepam"
] | D | Ketamine induced hallucination and emergence reactions can be reduced by giving benzodiazepines, along with ketamine. Opioids, barbiturates and inhalational agents can also decrease the incidence of hallucination and emergence reaction. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Causes of asymmetrical Moro's reflex? | [
"Fracture of clavicles",
"Fracture of humerus",
"Erb's palsy",
"All of the above"
] | D | The Moro reflex is an infantile reflex that develops between 28–32 weeks of gestation and disappears between 2-3 months of age. It is a response to a sudden loss of support and involves three distinct components: spreading out the arms (abduction) pulling the arms in (adduction) and startled look.
*Asymmetrical moro's ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is a selective media for Vibrio cholerae? | [
"TCBS medium- Thiosulfate, Citrate, Bile salt and Sucrose",
"Thayer main medium",
"Skirrow medium",
"Ceftriaxone broth"
] | A | Vibrios are curved, Gram-negative rods commonly found in saltwater. Cells may be linked end to end, forming S shapes and spirals. They are highly motile with a single polar flagellum, non-spore-forming, and oxidase-positive, and they can grow under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. The cell envelope structure is similar... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The best view to visualized minimal pneumo-peritoneum: | [
"AP view abdomen",
"Erect view abdomen",
"Right lateral decubitus with horizontal beam",
"Left lateral decubitus with horizontal beam"
] | B | Ans. (b) Erect view Abdomen.* The best view is X ray Abdomen Erect view to look for Perforation (detects 1mlair)* If patient cannot stand left lateral decubitus with horizontal beam is used (detects 10mlair air) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pinku, a 9-year old girl, has difficulty in combing her hair and climbig up stairs since 6 months. On examination, Gower sign is positive and maculopapular rash present over MCP joints. What is the next appropriate investigation to be done ? | [
"RA factor",
"Serum creatine kinase",
"Electromyography",
"Muscle biopsy"
] | B | Proximal muscle weakness and maculopapular rsah over the metacarpophalangeal joints (Gottron papules) are suggestive of dermatomyositis. As it is an inflammatory myopathy, the next investigation is serum creatine kinase. The gold standard investigation is an muscle biopsy. Ref: nelson textbook of pediatrics 21st editio... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A method of sterilization that involves exposure to 100degC for 20 minutes on 3 successive days is known as _____ | [
"Autoclaving",
"Tyndallization",
"Pasteurisation",
"Inspissation"
] | B | 1) Inspissation (fractional sterilization) 80 to 85degC for 30 min (for 3 days) by Inspissator For media containing egg or serum - (LJ media, Dorset's egg medium, Loeffler's serum slope) 2. Tyndallisation (Intermittent sterilization):100degC, 20 min, 3 consecutive days. Nutrient media and media containing sugars or gel... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The treatment most likely to benefit a patient of massive pulmonary embolism in shock ? | [
"Thrombolytic therapy",
"Inotropic agent",
"Vasodilator therapy",
"Diuretic therapy"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Thrombolytic therapy Treatment of patients with pulmonary embolism based on risk stratificationPatient with pulmonary embolismLow risk (Small PE)Intermediate nsk (Submassive PE)High nsk (Massive PE)o Normotensiono Normotensiono HypotensionPlusPlusPluso Normal right ventricularo Right ventrucular dysfu... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is true regarding Salmonella infection - | [
"Urine culture is + ve in 1st week",
"Stool culture is + ve in 1st week",
"Blood culture is + ve in 3-7 days",
"Widal test is + ve in 1st week"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 27-year-old homosexual male presents with a foreign body in the rectum. During the extraction of the foreign body, a large tear in the sigmoid colon with extensive devitalization and contamination is observed. What is the preferred method of treatment? | [
"Observation",
"Proctoscopic repair",
"Laparotomy and closure of sigmoid colon tear",
"Laparotomy, closure of sigmoid, and proximal colostomy or exteriorization of perforation as a colostomy"
] | D | Rectosigmoid injuries should promptly raise a high index of suspicion, warranting immediate sigmoidoscopy to confirm the diagnosis. Sigmoidoscopy, rigid or flexible, involves much manipulation and insufflation of air. This is hardly desirable or safe in the presence of a significant tear in the presence of a rectal for... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Delta cells of pancreas secretes | [
"Glucagon",
"Insulin",
"Somatostatin",
"Pancreatic polypeptide"
] | C | Ans. (c) Somatostatin | train | med_mcqa | null |
Action of lipoprotein lipase: | [
"Activation of IP3-DAG.",
"Hydrolysis of triglycerides in chylomicrons.",
"Coupling of DAG & MAG to form triglycerides.",
"Hydrolysis of dietary and endogenous triglycerides"
] | D | Lipoprotein lipase Hydrolysis of triglycerides in chylomicrons (dietary TGs) & VLDL (can contain both endogenous or exogenous triglycerides). So The best answer is option 4 instead of option 2 Apo C-I and C-II - activate Lipoprotein Lipase. Apo C-III - inhibits Lipoprotein Lipase. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Histological examination of the tissues in desquamative gingivitis would reveal? | [
"Hyperkeratosis",
"Elongation of rete pegs",
"Loss of basement membrane",
"No inflammatory response"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
The most reliable single histologic criterion for diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma is: | [
"Invasion",
"Degeneration",
"Pleomorphism",
"Encapsulation"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
The respiratory chain is found in which sub cellular compament? | [
"Cytosol",
"Endoplasmic reticulum",
"Golgi",
"Mitochondria"
] | D | Mitochondria serve as the powerhouses of the cell. In addition to having the respiratory chain and serving as the site for oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondria also contain the enzymes of the citric acid cycle and for b oxidation of fatty acids. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which one of the following neurological conditions is not inherited in autosomal dominant pattern | [
"Neurofibromatosis",
"Friedreich's ataxia",
"Marfan's syndrome",
"None"
] | B | Friedreich ataxia Gene :FXN,locus:9q21.1 ; protein :frataxin; repeat GAA; normal: 7-34 ; Disease :34-80 (pre); >100 (full) Friedreich ataxia is an inherited condition that affects the nervous system and causes movement problems.This condition is caused by mutations in the FXN gene and is inherited in an autosomal reces... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Salpingitis /Endosalpingitis is best confirmed by: | [
"Marsupialisation Hysteroscopy + Laparascopy",
"X-ray",
"Hysterosalpingography",
"Sonosalpingography"
] | A | Both Hysteroscopy and laparoscopy cab give a confirmed diagnosis of salpingitis and endosalpingitis. Features of salpingitis such as pus extruding from the fimbrial end and adhesions can be visualized under direct laparoscopy. Although both the procedures cannot be used as a routine investigation, they are sure to conf... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Reverse bevel is indicated for all of the following cast materials except: | [
"Class I, II",
"Cast ceramics",
"Class III",
"Class IV"
] | B | Reverse bevel is placed at the expense of the gingival floor, creating an internal dentinal plane inclining gingival - axially, locking the restoration and preventing proximal displacement. It always has a flat dentinal transition between it and the proximal gingival level.
It can only be used when the gingival floor has... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A five-year-old boy with coarse facial features, mental retardation, dysostosis multiplex. Corneal clouding was not present. What is the diagnosis: | [
"MPS Type IV",
"Hurler disease",
"Hunter disease",
"Gaucher's disease"
] | C | Coarse facial features is a typical feature of Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS). Hunter disease : MPS Type II, Iduronate Sulfatase is deficient. X-linked recessive, so occurs exclusively in males. No corneal clouding. Dermatan sulphate & Heparin Sulphate accumulates. Accumulation of Heparin Sulphate leads to mental retardat... | train | med_mcqa | null |
If the same individual participates in both study and experimental group (patient serves as his or her own control), it is called: | [
"Cross over study",
"Case control study",
"Cohort study",
"Experimental study"
] | A | Ans. A. Cross over studyExplanationCross over type of study designs are the randomized controlled trials, in which each patient serves as his own control. A better understanding can be taken from the diagram.Here the patient is initially either enrolled into intervention group or control group, after a specified durati... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Positional veigo is | [
"Lateral",
"Superior",
"Inferior",
"Posterior"
] | D | The disease is caused by the disorder of posterior semicircular canal. Otoconial debris when settles in the cupula of the posterior semicircular canal in a critical head position causes displacement of cupula and veigo. (Ref: Diseases of EAR, NOSE AND THROAT by PL DHINGRA - 6th Edition) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pastia's lines are: | [
"The erythematous streaks seen in staphylococcal infection",
"Transverse red streaks in skin folds seen in scarlet fever",
"White striae seen in lichen planus",
"The erythematous rash in syphilis"
] | B | Streptococcal scarlet fever:
Group A (or occasionally groups C and G) streptococci causing pharyngitis, tonsillitis or other infection may lead to scarlet fever, if the infecting strain produces a streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin. Scarlet fever is most common in school-age children, but can also occur in young adults w... | train | med_mcqa | null |
DI GEORGE syndrome is associated with all except | [
"Hyperthyroidism",
"Small jaws",
"22q11 mutation",
"Hypocalcemia"
] | D | DI GEORGE syndrome causes hypothyroidism. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Speedball is - | [
"Opioid + cocaine",
"Opioid + antihistaminic",
"Cocaine + alcohol",
"Cocaine + marijuana"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Opioid + cocaine A combination of cocaine and heroin (opioid) taken by injection is called speed ball. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The percentage of pulmonary emboli, that proceed to infraction, is approximately- | [
"0-5%",
"5-15%",
"20-30%",
"30-40%"
] | B | Ref:Textbook of pathology (Harsh mohan)6th edition, page no.127 Embolism of the pulmonary aeries may produce pulmonary infarction, though not always. This is because lungs receive blood supply from bronchial aeries as well, and thus occlusion of pulmonary aery ordinarily does not produce infarcts. However, it may occur... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Commonest operation done for peptic ulcer with gastric outlet obstruction is: | [
"Truncal vagotomy with pyloroplasty",
"Highlyselective vagatomy with pyloroplasty",
"Truncal vagotomy with gastrojejunostomy",
"Gastrojejunostomy"
] | C | Ans: c (Truncal vagotomy with gastrojejunostomy)Ref: Schwartz, 8th ed, p. 961 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Purpura fulminans is a feature of | [
"Scarlet fever",
"Pseudomonas infection",
"Acute meningococemia",
"Staphylococal disease"
] | C | Ans. c (Acute Meningococcemia) (Ref. Harrison 18th/ p 114)ACUTE MENINGOCOCCEMIA# Neisseria meningitidis# Petechiae rapidly becoming numerous, sometimes enlarging and becoming vesicular;# Trunk, extremities most commonly involved;# May appear on face, hands, feet;# May include Purpura fulminans reflecting disseminated i... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A psychiatric patient on regular treatment had his routine check-up. His fundus shows the below finding. The most probable drug implicated is ( Pigmented retinal epithelium) | [
"Thioridazone",
"Haloperidol",
"Chlorpromazine",
"Clozapine"
] | A | Irreversible retinal pigmentation is associated with the use of thioridazine at dosages above 1000mg/day(hence <800/day ) nocturnal confusion is an early sign of this adverse effect. Reference: P.3121 chap. 31.17First-Generation Antipsychotics (Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 9th Edition) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not a systemic route of drug administration? | [
"Transdermal",
"Intravenous",
"Subcutaneous",
"Intraarterial"
] | D | Ans. D. Intraarteriala. Intraarterial drug administration is used to expose a particular organ to drug supplied by the artery and hence it is a local route.b. This decreases risk of systemic toxicity.c. Anticancer drugs for hepatocellular carcinoma and head and neck cancer are given by intraarterial route. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following coical areas contribute fibers to the coicospinal tract, EXCEPT: | [
"Primary motor coex (precentral gyrus)",
"Premotor coex",
"Inferior temporal coex",
"Primary somatosensory coex (postcentral gyrus)"
] | C | Coicospinal and coicobulbar tract neurons are pyramidal shaped and located in layer V of the cerebral coex. About 31% of the coicospinal tract neurons are from the primary motor coex. The premotor coex and supplementary motor coex account for 29% of the coicospinal tract neurons. The other 40% of coicospinal tract neur... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 28-year-old female opts for painless labor. On administration of the epidural anesthetic, there is a sudden drop in the blood pressure. The reason for this was found to be accidental intravenous injection of the anesthetic drug. Which of the following drugs is the most likely responsible for the present condition? | [
"Tetracaine",
"Lignocaine",
"Ropivacaine",
"Bupivacaine"
] | D | Answer: d) BupivacaineBupivacaineBupivacaine is typically used in painless labor.It is long-acting and an amide local anesthetic.It is injected outside the duramater.The most important complication is accidental intravenous administration of the drug.This can be prevented by slow administration in 3-5 mL increments gra... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Intron is not found in which DNA? | [
"Nuclear DNA",
"Mitochondrial DNA",
"B DNA",
"Z DNA"
] | B | Introns enable alternative splicing, which enables a single gene to encode multiple proteins that perform different functions under different conditions. For example, a signal the cell receives could cause an exon that is normally included to be skipped, or an intron that is normally spliced out to be left this would n... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Gonococci has affinity for : | [
"Columnar epithelium",
"Glandular epithelium",
"Stratified sqamous epithelium",
"Squamous epithelium"
] | A | Columnar epithelium | train | med_mcqa | null |
The normal spleen weighs about: | [
"150 g",
"250 g",
"350 g",
"450 g"
] | A | The normal spleen weighs approximately 150g(and decreases its size with age. Ref: Harisson, Edition - 18, Page - 468 | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient presented with a hard swelling in this right testis. All are true statements except: | [
"Trans scrotal biopsy is needed",
"Inguinal exploration is done",
"High inguinal exploration should be done",
"Scrotal USG is done"
] | A | Ans. (a) Trans scrotal biopsy is needed* Chevassu maneuver biopsy is done inguinal.* Transcrotal biopsy will disseminate the tumor cells to Inguinal nodes | train | med_mcqa | null |
Osteomeatal complex (OMC) connects: | [
"Nasal cavity with maxillary sinus",
"Nasal cavity with sphenoid sinus",
"The two nasal cavities",
"Ethmoidal sinus with ethmoidal bulla"
] | A | Osteomeatal complex lies in the middle meatus.It is the final common drainage pathway for the maxillary, frontal and anterior ethmoid sinuses into the nasal cavity. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cataracts in a newborn is: | [
"Zonular",
"Nuclear",
"Snowflake",
"Cortical"
] | A | a zonular refkhurana 3rd/e p. 187 | train | med_mcqa | null |
The joint that permits nodding of head while saying yes is? | [
"Atlanto-axial joint",
"Atlanto-occipital joint",
"C2- C3 joint",
"C3- C4 joint"
] | B | Atlanto-occipital joint is a synol between skull and C1 veebrae. It permits nodding of head such as flexison and extension (YES movement) and lateral flexion. Atlanto-axial joint is a pivot joint between C1 and C 2 veebrae. It permits rotation of head that is side to side movement (NO movement). | train | med_mcqa | null |
The classical example of muscular violence is - | [
"of fibula",
"of patella",
"of clavicle",
"All of the above"
] | B | *Indirect trauma :- A sudden violent contraction of quadriceps, as in spos person and athletes, can cause patellar fracture. Here the fracture is transverse fracture with two pas, i.e., two pa fraction. MUSCLES * Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Vastus Lateralis VastusMedialis Vastus Intermedius *Treatment of choice f... | train | med_mcqa | null |
If a muscle is resected what happens? | [
"Muscle strength will increase",
"Muscle will decrease",
"No change",
"a or b"
] | A | Ans. a (Muscle strength will increase). (Ref. Parson, Diseases of Eye, 18th/pg.348)Strengthening procedures for weak muscles of eye iin a patient with squint are1. Resection: Effective pull on muscle is enhanced by making it shorter and is suitable only for recti.2. Advancement: Muscle is disinserted and then reinserte... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The most common route of spread in hepatitis E is - | [
"Blood transfusion",
"Feco-oral",
"Intercourse",
"IV injection"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 6 year old boy taken for ophthalmic examination under anaesthesia. His father told that he has lowerlimb weakness & his elder brother died at 14 years of age. Which anaethetic drug has to be avoided- | [
"Succinylcholine",
"Pancuronium",
"Atracurium",
"Dexacurium"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Succinylcholine o History suggestive of some type of muscle dystrophy,o Sch can cause dangerous hyperkalemia in Muscular dystrophy.Succinylcholineo SCh is a depolarising skeletal muscle relaxant.o It causes sustained partial depolarization of muscle end plate - intially produce twitching and fascicula... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient with oral cancer involving mandible is managed by: | [
"Chemotherapy alone",
"Radiotherapy alone",
"Resection followed by radiotherapy",
"Radiotherapy followed by resection"
] | C | When ever Mandible is involved, resection is done before radiotherapy. If radiotherapy is given first it can lead to radionecrosis of Mandible. | train | med_mcqa | null |
O2 dissociation curve is shifted to right in all except- | [
"Hypercapnea",
"Rise in temperature",
"Raised 2, 3 DPG level",
"Metabolic alkalosis"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Metabolic alkalosis o Hypercapnea (raised CO2), rise in temprature and increased 2, 3 DPG cause righward shift of O2 dissociation curve,o Metabolic alkalosis causes leftward shift.o Alkalosis (increased pH), increased HbF, and hypothermia (decrease in temperature) cause a leftward shift of oxygen diss... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Mechanism of action of oximes is | [
"Inhibiting cholinergic receptors",
"Reactivating cholinesterase",
"Inhibiting cholinesterase",
"Reactivating cholinergic receptors"
] | B | Oximes are acetylcholinesterase reactivators which are used in OP poisoning, not in carbamate poisoning Ref: KDT 6th ed pg 105 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Elaunin fibres are found in | [
"Gingiva",
"Cementum",
"Alveolar bone",
"Periodontal ligament"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Exclamation mark alopecia is a feature of - | [
"Telogen effluvium",
"Androgenic alopecia",
"Alopecia aerata",
"Alopecia mucinosa"
] | C | Sho,1-2 mm fractured hairs can frequently be seen at the active margins of alopecia areata. These hairs are described as exclamation mark hairs because these characteristic hairs fracture at their distal end and taper proximally to a pencil point giving them appearance of an exclamation mark Ref Harrison20th edition pg... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 28 year old G3P2 parturient is undergoing general anaesthesia for emergency cesarean section due to uterine rupture. All these findings would suggest an amniotic fluid embolism pH except. | [
"Increased maternal pH",
"Decreased EtCO2",
"Bleeding diathesis",
"Upsloping EtCO2 tracing"
] | A | Amniotic fluid embolism-cardinal signs
Branchospasm
Hypoxemia
Shock
Maternal acidosis
Coagulopathy (DIC)
Altered mental status | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are known complication of pancreatitis except? | [
"Pancreatic abscess",
"Colonic necrosis",
"Pancreatic malignancy",
"Pancreatic fistula"
] | C | Pancreatic malignancy is not a complication of acute pancreatitis. The other complications of acute pancreatitis are pancreatic pseudocyst, intraperitoneal haemorrhage, pleural effusion, atelectasis, pneumonia, ARDS, DIC, peptic ulcer disease, erosive gastritis, poal vein thrombosis, oliguria, azotaemia, acute tubular ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about transfer of electrons in electron transpo chain is ? | [
"All the complexes are arranged in an increasing order of redox potential",
"The direction of transpo of electrons in Complex I ->C - Complex III Q - Complex IV",
"All the complexes are arranged in an increasing order of energy",
"10 hydrogen ions get translocated when FADH2 electrons get into electron transp... | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., All the complexes are arranged in an increasing order of redox potential*The complexes of electron transpo chain are arranged in an increasing order of redox potential or decreasing order of energy level.The direction of transpo of electrons from NADH is Complex I -) Q Complex III -) Complex C -> Comp... | train | med_mcqa | null |
An 80-year-old woman with a known history of femoral hernia is admitted to the hospital because of strangulation of the hernia. There is a tender swelling in the right femoral region immediately below and lateral to the pubic tubercle. She has had multiple bowel movements without relief of symptoms. What is the most li... | [
"Lymphadenitis",
"Diverticulitis",
"Volvulus",
"Richter's hernia"
] | D | In a Richter hernia, only part of the circumference of the bowel wall has become trapped in the hernia sac, and normal bowel movements may still occur. In the presence of a reducible groin hernia, it is important on clinic examination to be certain that other pathologic conditions are not overlooked. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Teduglutide is a recently introduced drug for Short Bowel Syndrome- What is it? | [
"GLP- 2 analogue",
"GLP anta agonist",
"Somatostatin analogue",
"H1 blocker"
] | A | Ans. (a) GLP -2 analogueRef: Surgery Sixer 3rd Edition Page 425, Direct lineTeduglutide: GLP-2 analogue:* Randomized controlled trials have shown that teduglutide, a GLP-2 analogue that is resistant to degradation by the proteolytic enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 and therefore has a longer half-life than GLP-2, is well ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Papillae are seen in - | [
"Trachoma",
"Viral conjunctivitis",
"Spring catarrh",
"All the above"
] | D | Papillae are seen as reddish raised areas with flat tops and velvety appearance. These represent areas of vascular and epithelial hyperplasia. Papillae are seen in following conditions: Trachoma Spring catarrh Allergic conjunctivitis Giant papillary conjunctivitis ref: A K KHURANA OPHTALMOLOGY,E4, Page-470 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Uterus is suppoed in the pelvis by all of the following except ? | [
"Uterosacral ligament",
"Broad Ligament",
"Mackenrodts ligament",
"Levator ani"
] | B | Broad ligaments are structures which are thought to play a minor role in suppoing the uterus. Broad ligaments attach the uterus to the pelvic wall on each side but provide less or no suppo. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient of bronchial asthma is on theophylline. Which of the following drugs should not be indicated to treat the upper respiratory tract infection in the same patient? | [
"Ciprofloxacin",
"Amoxicillin",
"Ampicillin",
"All of the above"
] | A | Drugs like ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and cimetidine are powerful microsomal enzyme inhibitors, predisposing to toxicity of theophylline. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is considered as an accurate duplicating material? | [
"Agar",
"Alginate",
"Impression compound",
"None of the above"
] | A | DUPLICATING MATERIALS
Both types of hydrocolloids are used in the dental laboratory to duplicate dental casts or models for the construction of prosthetic appliances and orthodontic models. Agar hydrocolloid is more popular in the lab because it can be used many times. In addition, with intermittent stirring, agar hydr... | train | med_mcqa | null |
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