question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
values | rationale stringlengths 0 22.5k ⌀ | split stringclasses 1
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Commonest complication of infective endocarditis is - | [
"CCF",
"Embolisation",
"Regurgitation",
"Sudden death"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 20 year old patient presented with unilateral proptosis which was compressible and increases on bending forward. No thrill or bruit was present. MRI shows a retro-orbital mass with enhancement Diagnosis is | [
"AV malformations",
"Orbital encephalocele",
"Orbital Varix",
"Neurofibromatosis"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Headache with bitemporal hemianopia with 6/6 vision seen with: | [
"Optic neuritis",
"Trauma",
"Chiasmal lesions",
"B/L cavernous lesions"
] | C | Chiasmal lesions | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following disorders is most closely associated with thyroid disease? | [
"Schizophrenia",
"Alcohol use disorder",
"Depression",
"Phobia"
] | C | Ans. C. DepressionDepressive symptoms have been known to be one of the most prominent features of clinical thyroid disease, particularly hypothyroidism. Beginning in the late part of the 19th century, depression was seen as prominent component of clinical hypothyroidism, although other psychiatric symptoms were often p... | train | med_mcqa | null |
PAS stains the following, except: | [
"Glycogen",
"Lipids",
"Fungal cell wall",
"Basement membrane of bacteria"
] | D | . Basement membrane of bacteria | train | med_mcqa | null |
Aerobic blood culture should be incubated for how many days, before discarding ? | [
"2 days",
"5 days",
"10 days",
"14 days"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., 14 days Blood specimens of 5 or 10 ml generally are added to bottles containing, 50 or 100 ml of reagent (medium) to achieve a 1:10 blood medium ratio. All bottles should be transpoed to the laboratory as soon as possible and immediately incubeted at 35 +- 2degC in an upright position (Note - Lower in... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Androgen is secreted by | [
"Leyding cell",
"Seoli cell",
"Cowper's gland",
"Intermediate cells"
] | A | Any steroid hormone that promotes male secondary sex characters. The two main androgens are androsterone and testosterone. The androgenic hormones are internal endocrine secretions circulating in the bloodstream and manufactured mainly by the testes under stimulation from the pituitary gland.Ref: Ganong&;s review of me... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 95-year-old man has noted swelling of his lower lip for the past month. On examination, there is a fluctuant, 1-cm nodule with a blue, translucent hue just beneath the oral mucosa on the inside of his lip. The lesion is excised, and on microscopic examination shows granulation tissue. What is the most likely etiology... | [
"Eating chili peppers",
"French kissing",
"HIV infection",
"Local trauma"
] | D | The clinical and histologic features suggest a mucocele of a minor salivary gland, which is most often the result of local trauma in the very young and very old. There is either rupture or blockage of a salivary gland duct. Chili peppers contain capsaicin, which evokes a sensation of tingling and burning pain by activa... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is true about non-competitive inhibition? | [
"Vmax |, no change in km",
"Vmax |, no change in km",
"Both Vmax and km |",
"Both Vmax and km |"
] | A | Ans: a (Vmax |. no change in km) Ref: Vasudevan, 4th ed, p. 47; 5th ed,p. 46In non competitive inhibition there is no change in km value but Vmax |.Difference between competitive and non competitive inhibition Competitive inhibitionNon competitive inhibitionActing onActive siteMay or may notStructure of inhibitorSubstr... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Streptococcus pneumonia is ? | [
"Gram + diplococci",
"Intracellular gram + diplococci",
"Extracellualr gram –ve diplococcic",
"Gram positive lanceolate diplococcic"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
The classical tetrad of peripheral neuropathy, retinitis pigmentosa, cerebellar ataxia and elevated CSF protein is found in which hereditary neuropathy? | [
"Fabry disease",
"Refsum’s disease",
"Tangier’s disease",
"Adrenoleukodystrophy"
] | B | Refsum’s disease is autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism . It is due to accumulation of phytanic acid in blood and tissues. Classical features include retinitis pigmentosa, peripheral neuropathy, cerebellar ataxia, elevated protein in CSF without increases in the number of cells. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Shoulder dystocia is managed by: | [
"Sharp flexion of hip joints towards abdomen",
"Supra pubic pressure",
"90 degree rotation of posterior shoulder",
"Emergency c-section"
] | B | Ans. b. Supra pubic pressureRef: Williams Obstetrics 24th Ed; Page No-541SHOULDER DYSTOCIADiagnosisThis diagnosis is made when delivery of the fetal shoulders is delayed after delivery of the head.It is more commonly associated with fetal shoulders in the anterior-posterior plane, with the anterior shoulder impacted be... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not an antiepileptic agent? | [
"Phenytoin",
"Flunarizine",
"Topiramate",
"Carbamazepine"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Flunarazine o Phenytoin, Topiramate and carbamezepine are antiepileptics,o Flunarizine is a Ca+2 channel blocker used for the prophylaxis of migraine.Mechanism of action of different antiepiiepticsProlongation of Na+ channel inactivationo Phenytoino Carbamazepineo Valproateo Lamotrigineo Topiramateo Z... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 50-year-old male presented to the ER with history of road side accident. He was operated under spinal anesthesia. Post-op 1 day after the operation, the patient repoed labored breathing, nausea and vomiting. Patient had last passed stool 3 days ago. On examination, Distended abdomen Tympanic note Scattered bowel soun... | [
"Dantrolene",
"Neostigmine",
"Pralidoxime",
"Atropine"
] | B | This is a case of colonic pseudo-obstruction/ Ogilvie syndrome. Radiological images show colonic dilation involving the right and transverse colon with no evidence of mechanical obstructive cause. Defined as an acute pseudo-obstruction and dilatation of the colon in the absence of any mechanical obstruction. Patients u... | train | med_mcqa | null |
It is considered rape even after consent if: PGI 10 | [
"Age < 16 years",
"Age < 18 years",
"Age < 21 years",
"Age < 25 years"
] | B | Ans. Age < 18 years | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is a first rank symptom in Schizophrenia? | [
"Delusions",
"Thought insertion",
"Perceptional hallucinations",
"Word salad"
] | B | Ans: B (Thought insertion) Ref: Synopsis of psychiatry, Kaplan & Sadock, 10th editionExplanationSchneider described a set of symptoms which were characteristic (but not pathognomonic) of schizophrenia.They are grouped as follows- Auditory hallucinations of following characteristicsdeg Voices heard arguing/discussing or... | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is the purpose of preauricular sulcus in identification of a dead body? | [
"Determination of age",
"Identification of sex",
"Determination of race",
"Cause of death"
] | B | Preauricular sulcus is present in pelvis, used for identification of sex in a skeleton. It is the attachment of anterior sacroiliac ligament. It is not frequent in males, if seen, it is narrow and shallow. It is more frequent in females and it is broad and deep. Ref: The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology b... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Parathyroid hormone ? | [
"Decreases bone resorption",
"Increases bone resorption",
"Enhances phosphate reabsroption from kidney",
"Decreases calcium reabsroption from kidney"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Increases bone resorptionParatharmoneParatharmone is 84 aminoacid polypeptide hormone secreted from parathyroid glands.Its secretion is regulated by plasma Ca++ concentration -- fall in Ca++ concentration increases the secretion of paratharmone.ActionsPTH increases resorption of calcium from bone - mo... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient presents with jaundice, Physical examination reveals an enlarged nodular liver. CT of the abdomen shows a cirrhotic liver with a large mass. CT guided biopsy of the mass demonstrates a malignant tumor derived from hepatic parenchymal cells. Infection with which of the following viruses would most directly rel... | [
"Epstein-Barr virus",
"Human Herpes virus type A",
"Human T-lymphocyte virus",
"Hepatitis B virus"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Area of skin supplied by single nerve supply | [
"Dermatome",
"Pedicle",
"Graft",
"Dermoid"
] | A | A dermatome is an area of skin that is mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve. There are eight cervical nerves (C1 being an exception with no dermatome), twelve thoracic nerves, five lumbar nerves and five sacral nerves. Each of these nerves relays sensation (including pain) from a particular region of skin to the br... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Atropine-mechanism of action in organophosphate poisoning- | [
"Reactivation of choline-esterase",
"Acts on central and peripheral post.ganglionic receptors",
"Acts on central and peripheral cholinergic receptors",
"Acts on peripheral cholinergic receptors only"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Acts on central and peripheral cholinergic receptors o In organophosphate poisoning, atropine counteracts the peripheral muscarinic symptoms and at higher doses central effects as well. o Atropine does not reverse nicotinic action i.e., peripheral muscular paralysis. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Least likely to be Pre-leukemic condition is | [
"Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria",
"Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria",
"Aplastic anemia",
"Myelodysplastc syndrome"
] | B | Myelodysplastic syndrome refers to a range of blood disorders. They are cancersin which newly created blood cells in the bone marrow do not develop into healthy working blood cells. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) has often been referred to as pre-leukemia or smoldering leukemia. Refer robbins 9/e | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is not an important symptom of asthma: | [
"Intermittent dyspnea",
"Wheeze",
"Cough",
"Expectoration"
] | D | Ans. D. ExpectorationSymptoms (Triad) of asthmaa. Cough (often nocturnal) Dry cough is the earliest featureb. Intermittent dyspnea,c. Wheeze, (is the pathognomic feature).* Symptoms are worst at night* Nasal polyp and sensitivity to aspirin can occur an AsthmaSignsa. Tachypneab. Audible wheezec. Hyperinflated chestd. W... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All the following drugs are used for thrombo prophylaxis except | [
"Heparin",
"Warfarin",
"Aspirin",
"Anti thrombin"
] | D | Ans is 'd' i.e. Anti thrombin | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is not associated with childhood obesity? | [
"Wilson-Mikity syndrome",
"Cushing's syndrome",
"Froehlich's syndrome",
"Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome"
] | A | Wilson-Mikity syndrome is not associated with obesity. Causes of obesity.Endocrine causes: Cushing syndrome; Hypothyroidism; Growth hormone deficiency; Hyperinsulinemia; Hypothalamic dysfunction; Stein-Leventhal syndrome (polycystic ovary); Prader-Willi syndrome; Pseudohypoparathyroidism type I Genetic syndromes: Turne... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Giant cells seen in Measles are called? | [
"Hp bodies",
"Inclusion containing polykaryon",
"Koplik cells",
"Wahin-Finkeldey cells"
] | D | Lymphoid organs typically have marked follicular hyperplasia, large germinal centers and randomly distributed multinucleated giant cells called Wahin-Finkeldey cells, which have eosinophilic nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies.Found in the paracoical region of hyperplastic lymph nodes in some patients of measles a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Serum sickness is due to which type of hypersensitivity? | [
"Type I",
"Type II",
"Type III",
"Type IV"
] | C | Ans: C (Type III) Ref: Ananthnarayan R, Paniker CKJ. Textbook of Microbiology. 8th Edition. Hyderabad: Universities Press: 2009. Pg. 161-168Explanation:HYPERSENSITIVITYGell and Coomb classificationType I - IgE mediated- anaphylaxis and atopyType II- cytotoxic or cytolyticType III- immune complex mediatedType IV- T cell... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lloyds classification is | [
"Sensory fiber classification",
"Motor fiber classification",
"Both",
"None"
] | A | Lloyds classification is also called numerical classification It is classification of only sensory fibers The sensory fiber are classified into 4 types Ref:Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology 12th edition,page number:72,73 | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is the size of ideal mosquito net ? - | [
"0.575 mm in one dimension",
"0.0475 mm in any dimension",
"0.475 mm in one dimension and 0.575 in other dimension",
"0.575 in both dimensions"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Nonshivering thermogenesis in adults is due to: | [
"Thyroid hormone",
"Brown fat between the shoulders",
"Noradrenaline",
"Muscle metabolism"
] | A | Thyroid hormone Increases the BMR which is responsible for Non-shivering thermogenesis in adults. In children & Infants Brown fat is responsible for thermogenesis. Shivering thermogenesis is by muscle metabolism, heat is produced by muscle contraction. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Axillary aery give rise to 6 main branches. Which of the following is the largest branch of axillary aery? | [
"Lateral thoracic aery",
"Subscapular aery",
"Superior thoracic aery",
"Thoracoacromial aery"
] | B | Subscapular aery is the largest branch of the axillary aery. It arise at the lower border of the subscapularis muscle and descend along the axillary border of the scapula. It give rise to two branches thoracodorsal aery and circumflex scapular aery. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following causes subcutaneous fungal infections except: September 2007 | [
"Blastomycosis",
"Sporotrichosis",
"Maduramycosis",
"Rhinosporodiosis"
] | A | Ans. A: Blastomycosis A. Superficial mycoses These affect the outer layers of the skin, the nails and hair. The main groups of fungi causing superficial fungal infections are: - Dermatophytes-Trichophyton, Microsporum and epidermophyton - Yeasts i.e. candida, malassezia, piedra - Moulds. B. Deep mycoses Subcutaneous my... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Bowen's disease is characterized by all except: | [
"Predilection for the limbus",
"Poikilocytosis",
"Presence of monster cell",
"Being incapable of metastasizing"
] | B | Ans. Poikilocytosis | train | med_mcqa | null |
4 years old child having palpable abdominal mass & hypertension with sweating & diarrhea is due to – | [
"Neuroblastoma",
"Nephroblastoma",
"PCKD (Polycystic kidney disease)",
"None of the above"
] | A | Abdominal mass and hypertension can occur both in neuroblastoma and wilm's tumor.
But, sweating and diarrhea favor diagnosis of neuroblastoma. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 37-year-old woman undergoes a routine breast examination. During the examination, the physician is aware that the skin of the breast moves together with the underlying breast tissue, rather than being obviously separate from it. The breast tissue is normally attached to the overlying skin which of the following? | [
"Cooper's ligaments",
"Cruciate ligaments",
"Falciform ligament",
"Poupa's ligaments"
] | A | The suspensory ligaments of Cooper are fibrous condensations of connective tissue stroma that attach the mammary gland to the dermis of the overlying skin. These are paicularly prominent in the superior aspect of the breast, and help to suppo the breast tissue. The cruciate ligaments are in the knee. The falciform liga... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Chadwick sign is seen in : | [
"Cervix",
"Vagina",
"Uterus",
"Ovary"
] | B | During pregnancy, due to increased vascularity and hyperemia there is bluish discoloration of vagina called as Chadwick sign. Ref: Datta Obs 9e pg 42. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ocular hypeension carries a high risk of progression to open angle glucoma . All of the statements given below are associated with the progression except : | [
"Corneal thickness has no co-relation with the progression",
"Myopics have increased risk for progression",
"Progression can be delayed by controlling IOP",
"Progression is seen more commonly in Caucasian population"
] | A | Various risk factors for progression of Occular Hypeension to POAG include- African , Caucasians race Thin Cornea predisposes to POAG Myopics Elderly Trabecular fibrosis Myocillin gene Optineurin Gene OCULAR HYPEENSION GLAUCOMA Low tension Glaucoma Increased IOP(>22 mmHg) Increased IOP (>22 mmHg) Normal IOP(10-21mmHg) ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Psammoma bodies seen in A/E | [
"Follicular CA of thyroid",
"Papillary CA of thyroid",
"Serous cystadenocarcinoma of ovary",
"Meningioma"
] | A | Psammoma bodies are small, concentric , spherules of calcification, also called calcospherites, seen in Papillary carcinoma thyroid, Meningioma and Papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary. Reference : page 52 Textbook of pathology Harshmohan 6th edition | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are features of obstructed labour, except : | [
"Hot dry vagina",
"Bandl's Ring",
"Unruptured membranes present",
"Tonic contracted uterus"
] | C | Unruptured membranes present | train | med_mcqa | null |
Metabolic abnormality seen in gastric outlet obstruction is | [
"Hypochloremic, hypokalemic acidosis",
"Hypochloremic, hypokalemic alkalosis",
"Hyperchloremic, hypokalemic acidosis",
"Hypochloremic, hyperkalemic alkalosis"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e. Hypochloremic, hypokalemic alkalosis Repetitive vomiting leads to hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis. The urine is alkaline initially but eventually it becomes acidic (paradoxical aciduria)Cause of paradoxical aciduriaInitially the kidney compensate for metabolic alkalosis by reabsorbing hy... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following sites is not involved in a posterior cerebral aery infarct | [
"Midbrain",
"Thalamus",
"Temporal lobe",
"Anterior Coex"
] | D | Thalamus is mainly supplied by central branches of posterior communicating,posterior cerebral and basilar aeries *Midbrain supplied by posterior cerebral,superior cerebellar and basilar aeries Posterior cerebral asy gives off temporal branches which ramify over inferior surface of temporal lobe *Anterior coex supply by... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Damage produced by a bullet fired from a....... person in direct propoion : | [
"Size",
"Shape",
"Velocity",
"All"
] | C | C i.e. Velocity | train | med_mcqa | null |
In retinal detachment - | [
"Effusion of fluid into the suprachoroidal space",
"Retinoschisis",
"Separation of sensory retina from pigment epithelium",
"None of the above"
] | C | Retinal detachment is the seperation of neurosensory retina proper from the pigment epithelium. Normally, these two layers are loosely attached to each other with a potential space in between. Ref;A.K.Khurana; 6th edition;298 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Glassware and syringes are sterilized by: | [
"Autoclave",
"Hot air oven",
"Ethylene oxide",
"Irradiation"
] | B | Key Points:-
Hot-air oven is used in laboratories and clinics for heat-resistant items that are not sterilized well by moist heat. They are used for sterilization of:
Glasswares (syringes, Petri dishes, flasks, pipettes, test tubes, etc.).
Surgical instruments (scalpels, scissors, forceps, etc.).
Chemicals (liquid par... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Opioid agonist are A/E - | [
"Morphine",
"Codeine",
"Ketamine",
"Methadone"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Ketamine | train | med_mcqa | null |
Following is least common about angiodysplasia of colon: | [
"Involvement of cecum",
"Involvement of rectum in 50% of cases",
"Affecting age group >40 years",
"Cause of troublesome lower GI hemorrhage"
] | B | Ans. (b) Involvement of rectum in 50% cases* Angiodysplasia is rare in rectum* Causes troublesome intermittent lower GI bleeding. Very difficult to diagnose | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cozen test is used in diagnosis of - | [
"Tennis elbow",
"Golfers elbow",
"Jumpers knee",
"Osteochondritis dessicans"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Tennis elbow Special Tests for Tennis elbow* Cozen's test: With the forearm pronated, ask the patient to make a tight fist. The examiner now holds the fist and palmarflexes the wrist. Pain will be felt at the lateral epicondyle in a case of tennis elbow.* Wringing test: When the patient is asked to wr... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not seen in imaging of acute pyelonephritis? | [
"Grossly enlarged kidney",
"Focal areas of hypoechogenicity",
"Perinephric edema",
"Increased vascularity"
] | D | Ref: Cavorsi A'. Prabhakar P, Kirby C. Acute pyelonephritis. Ultrasound Q 2010;26(2): 103-5 ami Ultrasound: A Practical Approach to Clinical Problems, Edited by Edward I. Bluth, Page 465 and Genitourinary Imaging by Shailendra Chopra, Thieme PublishersExplanation:"The affected kidney is enlarged, areas of relative isch... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Auditory area located in which lobe: | [
"Temporal",
"Parietal",
"Frontal",
"Occipital"
] | A | Most of the primary auditory cortex is in the temporal lobe, but the association auditory cortices extend over much of the insular lobe and even onto the lateral portion of the paritetal lobe | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following drugs are used for the treatment of urinary incontinence except - | [
"Oxybutynin",
"Ipratropium",
"Darifenacin",
"Tolterodine"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Ipratropium o In human urinary bladder, M2 and M. receptors are expressed predominantly with the M3 subtype mediating direct activation of contraction. M2 receptor acts indirectly by inhibiting relaxation by norepinephrine and epinephrine. o Drugs used for urinary incontinence ? Selective M3 antagonis... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most likely diagnosis ? | [
"Interstitial lung disease",
"Pulmonary aery hypeension",
"Congestive hea failure",
"Bronchiectasis"
] | B | CT scan of chest showing enlarged pulmonary aeries In interstitial lung diseases HRCT shows bilateral subpleural reticular changes,with traction bronchiectasis and honeycombing(idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis).and varies according to cause of ILD. In bronchiectasis CT shows: tram tracts and signet ring sign. | train | med_mcqa | null |
On sectioning of an organ at the time of autopsy, a focal, wedge-shaped firm area is seen accompanied by extensive hemorrhage, with a red appearance. The lesion has a base on the surface of the organ. This findings
is typically of: | [
"Liver with hypovolemic shock",
"Heart with coronary thrombosis",
"Lung with pulmonary thromboembolism",
"Kidney with septic embolus"
] | C | • The morphology is characteristically present as red (hemorrhagic) infarct. The red infarcts are seen in lung, liver and intestine.
• White infarcts are seen in brain, spleen, kidney and heart. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Prominent reticulocytosis is a feature of: | [
"Aplastic Anemia",
"Hemolytic Anemia",
"Nutritional Anemia",
"Anemia of chronic disease"
] | B | Ans. (b) Hemolytic Anemia(Ref: Robbins 9th/pg 631-632)Prominent reticulocytosis is a feature of Hemolytic Anemia, while all others in the options have normal/ low reticulocyte count | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following statement regarding Rheumatoid ahritis is false? | [
"It is symmetrical involving small and large joints",
"Pulmonary nodules are present",
"Juxta aicular osteoporosis may be present",
"None of the above"
] | D | Rheumatoid ahritis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease, with symmetric involvement of small and large joints. Joint stiffness lasting for more than 30minutes is the prominent symptom. Characteristic Xray findings include juxta aicular osteoporosis, joint erosions and joint space narrowing. Rheumatoid factor and ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Kaposi Sarcoma is commonly seen in | [
"Pancreas",
"CNS",
"Skin",
"Hea"
] | C | Kaposi's sarcoma is a multicentric neoplasm consisting of multiple vascular nodules appearing in the skin, mucous membranes, and viscera. The course ranges from indolent, with only minor skin or lymph node involvement, to fulminant, with extensive cutaneous and visceral involvement. Apa from skin, the lymph nodes, GI t... | train | med_mcqa | null |
By three cerebellar peduncles, the cerebellum is attached to -a) Spinal cordb) Medullac) Cerebrumd) Midbraine) Pons | [
"abc",
"ade",
"bde",
"bce"
] | C | Three cerebellar peduncles connect the cerebellum with three parts of brain stem, i.e. midbrain, pons, and medulla. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The heart of randomized control trial (RCT) | [
"Protocol",
"Follow-up",
"Assessment",
"Randomization"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Maximum radio opaque shadow in ovary is seen in | [
"Teratoma",
"Dysgerminoma",
"Mucinous cystadenoma",
"Granulosa cell tumor"
] | A | A i.e. Teratoma In teratoma, there may be presence of tooth & other calcified bodies giving rise to radio-opaque shadows. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Basal ganglia is involved in which types of memory | [
"Conditioning",
"Procedural memory",
"Explicit memory",
"None"
] | B | Procedural memory is required to do normal activities and it is from basal ganglia that the impulses for this arise. Therefore basal ganglia are involved in planning and programming of movements there fore is the site for procedural memory. Ganongs review of medical physiology; 23rd edition; pg:251. | train | med_mcqa | null |
In the gut, anaerobic bacteria outnumber the aerobes by a ratio of - | [
"10:01",
"100:01:00",
"1000:01:00",
"10,000:1"
] | C | In the human intestines, Anaerobes out number aerobic bacteria a thousand fold | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about Crigger Najjar type II syndrome is- | [
"Diglucuronide deficiency",
"Recessive trait",
"Kemicterus is seen",
"Phenobarbitone not useful"
] | B | Crigler najar type 2 is an autosomal recessive condition in which there is decrease in glucuronyl transferase, Treatment includes phenobarbital, phototherapy or liver transplant. Kernicterus is seen in type 1 not type 2. Reference: Davidson, 23rd edition, page 860 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Shift of HCO3– out of RBC in exchange for Cl– is known as | [
"Bohr effect",
"Hamberger shift",
"Haldane shift",
"Ondine's shift"
] | B | CO2 diffuses through tissue to enter plasma
↓
Inside RBC, CO2 rects with H2O to form Carbonic acid (H2CO3)
↓
H2CO3 Splits to form H+ and HCO3– with the help of enzyme Carbonic anhydrase. | train | med_mcqa | null |
In primary dentition the anatomic structure used to
determine the molar relationship | [
"Mesio buccal cusp of primary 2nd molar",
"Distal plane of primary 1st molar",
"Mesial surface of primary 1st molar",
"Distal plane of primary 2nd molar"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
In creating an access opening through a PFM crown made up of ceramic which of the following bur should be used: | [
"Carbide bur.",
"Diamond bur.",
"Both.",
"None."
] | B | In creating an access opening through a PFM crown, diamond bur is used for ceramic, while carbide bur is used for metal. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Assessment and aiding for development of funds for the National Blindness control Programme is done by ? | [
"UNICEF",
"World Rank",
"DANIDA",
"WHO"
] | B | Ans. is b' i.e., World Bank | train | med_mcqa | null |
A benign tumour in the pterygoid canal would spare which of the following nerve fibers | [
"Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers",
"Taste fibers from the palate",
"Postganglionic sympathetic fibers",
"General visceral afferent (GVA) fibers"
] | A | Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers The nerve of the pterygoid canal (Vidian nerve), formed by the junction of the great (superficial)petrosal nerve and the deep petrosal nerve in the cailaginous substance which fills the foramen lacerum, passes forward, through the pterygoid canal, and joins the pterygopalatine gang... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cu T 380A IUCD should be replaced once in: | [
"4 years",
"6 years",
"8 years",
"10 years"
] | D | 10 years | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is the purpose of Nitrogen gas filled in anaesthetic cartridge: | [
"To maintain the pressure in the cartridge.",
"To prevent deterioration of vasoconstrictor.",
"To prevent deterioration of LA.",
"All of the above."
] | B | The purpose of nitrogen gas-filled bubbles in the anaesthetic cartridge is to prevent deterioration of the vasoconstrictor. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Methotrexate is used in all except - | [
"Sickle cell anemia",
"Psoriasis",
"Rheumatoid arthritis",
"Ankylosing spondylitis"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Sickle cell anemia Methotrexate in Rheumatoid arthritisMethotrexate is now considered the first line DMARD agent for most patients with Rheumatoid arthritis.Methotrexate is effective in reducing the signs and symptoms of Rheumatoid arthritis as well as slowing or halting radiographic damage.It has rel... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is porphyrines gives stools their characteristics brown color? | [
"Biliverdin",
"Urobilinogen",
"Heme",
"Stercobilin"
] | D | Stercobilin is a tetrapyrrolic bile pigment and is one end-product of heme catabolism. It is the chemical responsible for the brown color of human feces and was originally isolated from feces in 1932Urobilinogen is a colourless by-product of bilirubin reduction.Heme or haem is a cofactor consisting of a Fe2+ (ferrous) ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug producing Haematological side effect is:- | [
"Nitrous oxide",
"Halothane",
"Ketamine",
"Sevoflurane"
] | A | Nitrous oxide inhibits Vitamin B12 dependent enzyme leading to Megaloblastic anemia and Peripheral Neuropathy. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient presents with recurrent optic neuritis of both eyes with extensive transverse myelitis. Visual acuity in right eye is 6/60 and visual acuity in left eye is 6/18. Patient showed 50% response to steroids. Diagnosis is: | [
"Neuromyelitis optica (NMO)",
"Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord (SACD)",
"Posterior cerebral artery stroke",
"Neurosyphilis"
] | A | Ans. A. Neuromyelitis optica (NMO)* Clinical scenario matches classic Wingerchuk criteria. (Optic neuritis + simultaneous transverse myelitis). So it is a case of neuromyelitis optica.Diagnostic Criteria for NMO* Required:- Optic neuritis- Acute transverse myelitis* Supportive (2 of 3 criteria required):- Longitudinall... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Declaration of Geneva is related with - | [
"Medical etiquette",
"Disciplinary control",
"Hippocratic oath",
"Professional misconduct"
] | C | The modernized version of the Hippocratic Oath is the Declaration of Geneva (1948). DECLARATION OF GENEVA: Adopted by the 2nd General Assembly of the World Medical Association, Geneva, Switzerland, September 1948and amended by the 22nd World Medical Assembly, Sydney, Australia, August 1968and the 35th World Medical Ass... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 25-year-old woman presents with a history of recurrent shoness of breath and severe wheezing. Laboratory studies demonstrate that she has a deficiency of C1 inhibitor, an esterase inhibitor that regulates the activation of the classical complement pathway. What is the diagnosis? | [
"Chronic granulomatous disease",
"Hereditary angioedema",
"Myeloperoxidase deficiency",
"Selective IgA deficiency"
] | B | =Deficiency of C1 inhibitor, with excessive cleavage of C4 and C2 by C1s, is associated with the syndrome of hereditary angioedema. Feature:- Episodic Painless Non-pitting edema of soft tissues. =Chronic granulomatous disease (choice A) is due to a hereditary deficiency of NADPH oxidase. =Myeloperoxidase deficiency (ch... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Bacterial adherence to epithelium is mediated through: | [
"Sex pili",
"Fimbriae",
"Flagella",
"Mesosomes"
] | B | Ans: B (Fimbriae) Ref: Ananthnarayan R. Paniker CKJ. Textbook of Microbiology. 8th Edition. Hyderabad: Universities Press: 2009. Pg. 18-21.Explanation:FimbriaeCertain (Tram-negative bacilli carry very fine, hair-like surface appendages called fimbriae or pili. They are shorter and thinner than flagellaFimbriae can be s... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hodgkin's lymphoma of the nodular subtype is associated with: | [
"Lacunar cells",
"Popcorn cells",
"Reticular variant",
"None of the above"
] | A | Answer is A (Lacunar cells): acunar cells are characteristic of nodular subtype of Hodgkins lymphoma. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Presence of calcification in an intracranial lesion is best made out by: | [
"CT",
"MRI",
"Ultrasound",
"Contrast study"
] | A | Ans. CT | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following imaging modality is most sensitive (investigation of choice) to detect early renal tuberculosis. | [
"Intravenous urography",
"Ultrasound",
"Computed tomography",
"Magnetic resonance imaging"
] | A | A i.e. Intravenous urography | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 50-year old man has a 30 year history of smoking. For approximately 6 months per year for the preceding 5 years, he has had copious sputum production. This sputum production is most likely closely related to increased numbers of which of the following cell types in his bronchioles and small (less than 3 mm) bronchi? | [
"Goblet cells",
"Smooth muscle cells",
"Squamous cells",
"Type I pneumocytes"
] | A | The patient has chronic bronchitis, which has been clinically defined to be chronic cough with copious sputum production that has been present for at least 3 months in 2 consecutive years. Smoking and inhalation of other irritating substances (including smog) are usually associated. While the sputum production of early... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Treatment of atropine toxicity is: | [
"2–Pralidoxime",
"Naloxone",
"Flumazenil",
"Physostigmine"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Wermer syndrome is - | [
"MEN 1",
"MEN HA",
"MEN IIB",
"AIP"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., MEN 1 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is NOT a component of reduced osmolarity ORS? | [
"Citrate",
"Potassium",
"Glucose",
"Zinc"
] | D | Composition of reduced osmolarity ORS: Components Amount in mmol/ litre Sodium 75 Chloride 65 Glucose, anhydrous 75 Potassium 20 Citrate 10 Total osmolarity 245 Ref: Park 21st edition, page 202. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common route of dissemination from primary site causing tuberculosis of uterus is - | [
"Lymphatic spread",
"Transcoelemic spread",
"Hematogenous spread",
"Direct contact"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Hematogenous spread Pathogenesis of genital tuberculosiso The causative agent is commonly M. tuberculosis (95%), but in a few cases it is caused by the Mycobacterium bovis (5%), particularly in underdeveloped countries where effective tuberculosis control programmes for cattle are not in place and pas... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following statements is false about anatomy of skin? | [
"Dermal collagen 1 and 3 are in a ratio of 8:1 in dermis",
"Skin weighs about 15 % of body weight",
"Epidermis is derived from ectoderm and dermis from mesoderm",
"90% of cells in the epidermis are keratinocytes"
] | A | Anatomy of skin - * Skin - largest organ of body* Weighs around 15-16%TBW* Epidermis derived from Ectoderm* Dermis derived from Mesoderm Cells in epidermis Derived from Keratinocytes [?]85-90% Ectoderm Melanocytes Neural crest Langerhans cells Bone marrow(mesoderm) Merkel cell Ectoderm>Neural crest Most abundant fibers... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In hemophiliac patients, which of the following should not be given? | [
"Factor VIII concentrate",
"Cryoprecipitate",
"EACA",
"Platelet factor"
] | D | Antifibrinolytic Drugs:
Bleeding in the gum, gastrointestinal tract, and during oral surgery requires the use of oral antifibrinolytic drugs such as ε-aminocaproic acid (EACA) or tranexamic acid to control local hemostasis. The duration of the treatment depending on the clinical indication is 1 week or longer. Tranexam... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Perineal tear should be repaired: | [
"24 hrs later",
"48 hrs later",
"36 hrs later",
"Immediately"
] | D | Ans. is d, i.e. ImmediatelyRef. Dutta Obs. 7/e, p 422, 423Management of Perineal tears:Recent tear should be repaired immediately following the delivery of the placenta.QIn cases of delay beyond 24 hours, the complete tear should be repaired after 3 months.Q | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is not a neuronal tumour | [
"Ependymoma",
"Neuroblastoma",
"Gangliocytoma",
"Ganglioglioma"
] | A | The four major classes of brain tumors are: 1. Gliomas Astrocytoma * Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma * Brainstem glioma * Pilocytic astrocytoma * Fibrillary (diffuse) astrocytomas * Glioblastoma * Oligodendroglioma * Ependymoma 2. Neuronal tumors * Ganglion cell tumors * Gangliocytoma * Ganglioglioma * Dysembryoplastic n... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Brain injury patient in shock, emergency treatment: | [
"Hypotensive resuscitation to prevent brain edema",
"Increase intracranial hemorrhage",
"Emergency craniotomy",
"Maintaining euvolemia"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Osteoporosis may be seen in all except - | [
"Hyperparathyridism",
"Hypoparathyridism",
"Thyrotoxicosis",
"Heparin administration"
] | B | Osteoporosis It refers to reduction ofbone mass per unit volume (loss of matrix and defective mineralisation) (Fig. 9.47). Aetiology 1.Involutional 2.Endocrinological 3.Gastrointestinal 4.Haematological 5.Rheumatological 6.Collagen vascular Normal bone Type I (postmenopausal) and Type II (senile) Hypehyroidism Hyperpar... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not true regarding Lewy body dementia? | [
"Fluctuating cognitive impairment",
"Cerebellar symptoms",
"Recurrent visual hallucinations",
"Neuroleptic sensitivity"
] | B | Ans. B. Cerebellar symptomsDementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB): core features:1. Fluctuating cognition with pronounced variations in attention & alertness2. Recurrent visual hallucinations-- typically well formed & detailed3. Spontaneous motor features of parkinsonism* Patient with DLB, are sensitive to antipsychotic induc... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Antibiotic of choice for acute epiglottitis is: | [
"Tetracycline",
"Chloramphenicol",
"Cephalosporin",
"Penicillin"
] | C | Earlier ampicillin has been the drug of choice. Now cephalosporins of second and third generations (cefuroxime, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone) are preferred. Chloramphenicol is also effective but is more toxic compared to cephalosporins. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following signs a can be seen in coicospinal tract injury except: | [
"Positive Babinski sign",
"Difficulty in performing skilled movements of the distal upper limb",
"Superficial abdominal reflex absent",
"Clasp knife spasticity"
] | D | Ans. d. Clasp-knife spasticityWhen the muscles are hypeonic, as in a UMN lesion, the sequence of moderate stretch --n muscle contraction, strong stretch --n muscle relaxation is seen.Passive flexion of the elbow meets immediate resistance as a result of the stretch reflex in the triceps muscle.Fuher stretch activates t... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Bruxismis- | [
"Walking during sleep",
"Nocturnal enuresis",
"Grinding of teeth during sleep",
"Sleep apnoea"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Grinding of teeth during sleep Important events occnring during sleepDeep sleep/slow wave sleep disorder: - These events occur during stage 3 & 4 of NREM. Important disorders arei) Somnambulism (Night walking): - Patient walks during sleep.ii) Sleep terror or night terrors (pavor noeturnus) : - The pa... | train | med_mcqa | null |
False about ORS composition is | [
"NaCl 2.6 grams",
"KCl 1.5 grams",
"Na+ 75 mmol/L",
"K+ 65 mmol/L"
] | D | WHO low osmolarity ORS Composition Weight Osmolar concentration (mmol/litre) Sodium chloride 2.6 gm Sodium 75 Potassium chloride 1.5 gm Potassium 20 Sodium citrate 2.9 gm Chloride 65 Glucose,anhydrous 13.5 gm Citrate 10 Glucose,anhydrous 75 Total 20.5 gms Total 245 | train | med_mcqa | null |
About scurvy, all are true EXCEPT: September 2012 | [
"Subperiosteal hematomas with tenderness",
"Separation of epiphysis",
"Raised serum alkaline phosphatase",
"Gingival bleeding"
] | C | Ans. C i.e. Raised serum alkaline phosphataseScurvyBleeding into skin & joints,Wimberger sign,Pseudoparalysis etc. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Warm Antibody hemoltyic anemia is seen with: | [
"Methyldopa",
"Quinine",
"Pencillin",
"Aminophyllline"
] | A | Methyldopa | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not associated with temporal lobe: September 2011 | [
"Audition",
"Memory",
"Spatial relationship",
"Behaviour"
] | C | Ans. C: Spatial relationshipInferior parietal lobule (parietal lobe) helps in spatial recognition (tactile localization, tactile discrimination etc.)Spatial relationshipRecognition of spatial relationship is a function of angular gyrus (inferior parietal lobule)Temporal lobeIt is located beneath the Syln fissure on bot... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Bone marrow depression is seen with chronic administration of ? | [
"Isoflurane",
"N20",
"Ether",
"Halothane"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., N20 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Plummer- Vinson syndrome | [
"Is due to folic acid deficiency",
"Common in males",
"Not associated with oral premalignancy",
"Strong association with post-cricoid carcinoma"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Strategies for prevention of Neonatal Tetanus include all of the following except - | [
"5 clean practices",
"Giving penicillin to all the new borns",
"2 doses of TT to all pregnant women",
"Immunizing all married women"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Giving pencillin to all neonates Giving Pencillin to all neonates is not a strategy for prevention of neonatal tetanus Prevention of Neonatal Tetanus : Strategies Training bih attendants, providing home delivery kits and educating women about the 'Three Cleans' (this alone can reduce preonatala tetanu... | train | med_mcqa | null |
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