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Dose of Reteplase for management of acute MI is | [
"5 IU",
"10 IU",
"15 IU",
"50 IU"
] | B | Ref Harrison 19 th ed pg 758 The recommended dose for Reteplase in acute MI is 10 UNIT bolis given over 2 minutes . It is recommended to repeat the second 10 unit dose after 30 minutes . Two bolus doses given 30 minutes apa are recommended. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 57-year-old man presents to the clinic for assessment of shortness of breath on exertion. The symptoms started many months ago after a "cold" and seem to be getting worse. There is no associated cough or sputum production, and he reports a 40-pack-per-year history of smoking. He otherwise feels well and his only past... | [
"it is caused by bronchial asthma",
"it is preceded by chronic bronchitis",
"it is airflow limitation that is not fully reversible",
"it is due to destruction and dilatation of lung alveoli"
] | C | COPD is defined as a disease state that is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are closely related, and the term COPD is often used to encompass both. Chronic bronchitis is a clinical syndrome defined as excessive tracheobronchial mucous production severe e... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Following sign is seen in which condition: | [
"Medial medullary syndrome",
"Lateral medullary syndrome",
"Benedict syndrome",
"Millar Gubler syndrome"
] | A | Ans. A. Medial medullary syndromeImage shows one sided deviation of tongue, i.e. paralysis of XIIth nervea. This occurs in Medial Medullary syndrome or Dejerine syndromeb. It occurs due to occlusion of anterior spinal arteryc. It is characterized by Ipsilateral XIIth nerve paralysis with contralateral hemiplegia. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cause of unilateral clubbing include all the following except | [
"Congenital cyanotic hea disease",
"Panicoast tumor",
"Aoic aneurysm",
"Branchial AV fistulas"
] | A | Congestive cyanotic hea disease is a causefor bilateral clubbing Ref Harrison 19th edition pg 250 | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 35-year-old CEO underwent an antrectomy and vagotomy for a bleeding ulcer. Although usually careful with his diet, he ate a large meal during a business lunch. Within 1 hour, he felt lightheaded and developed abdominal cramping and diarrhea. His symptoms may be attributed to: | [
"Anemia",
"Jejunogastric intussusception",
"Dumping syndrome",
"Afferent loop syndrome"
] | C | Post gastrectomy syndromes collectively refer to complications that can occur after gastric surgery. This constellation of syndromes includes delayed gastric emptying, recurrent ulcers, diarrhea, anemia, jejunogastric intussusception, afferent loop syndrome, alkaline reflux gastritis, and dumping syndrome. There are tw... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Collecting duct has which cells - | [
"Principle and intercalated",
"Parietal and oxyntic",
"Lac is cells",
"Podocytes"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e.. Principle and intercalatedo Collecting duct is 20 mm long and pass through the renal cortex and medulla to empty- into the pelvis of the kidney at the apex of the medullary pyramids. The epithelium of the collecting ducts is made up of two types of cell: -Principal cells (P cells), which are involved ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Acoustic shadow on USG is due to: | [
"Reflection",
"Refraction",
"Aefact",
"Absorption of waves"
] | A | Ans. Reflection | train | med_mcqa | null |
The true vocal cord is lined by what epithelium? | [
"Stratified squamous",
"Cuboid",
"Stratified columnar",
"Stratified columnar ciliated"
] | A | Surface is liable for wear and tear due to vibrations produced during voice production hence protected by stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium. Reference: Chaurasia; 6th edition | train | med_mcqa | null |
Neurological complications of meningitis include all of the following except: | [
"Cerebral hamartoma",
"Subdural effusions",
"Brain abscess",
"Increased intracranial pressure"
] | A | Ans A. Cerebral hamartomaCommon complications that can result following meningitis may be acute like brain abscess, subdural effusion & empyema. Other complications include hearing loss, behavioral abnormalities, and recurrent seizures, problems with memory and concentration and postural dysfunction. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Spontaneous bacterial Peritonitis is indicated by presence of _______ cell in ascitic fluid: | [
">500 cell/cu mm, absolute lymphocyte",
">500 cell/cu mm, absolute PMN",
">250 cells/cu mm, absolute PMN",
">250 cells/cu mm, absolute lymphocyte"
] | C | Ans. (c) >250cells/cu.mm, Absolute PMNRef: Harrisons 19th/e pg. 846 & 1989; Sabiston's 20th/e pg.1078Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP)* SBP is a bacterial infection of ascitic fluid in the absence of an intra-abdominal source of infection, like perforation, abscess, acute pancreatitis, or cholecystitis.* More com... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common organism responsible for pseudo membranous colitis is ? | [
"Clostridium difficile",
"Clostridium botulism",
"Clostridium histolyticum",
"Clostridium butyricum"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Clostridium difficile | train | med_mcqa | null |
Comparing economic benefits of a program with the cost of that program, it is called - | [
"Cost-accounting analysis",
"Input-output analysis",
"Cost-effective analysis",
"Cost-benefit analysis"
] | D | parks textbook of preventive and social medicine 23rd edition. *management technique in which economic benefits of any programme are compared with the cost of that programme . *benefits are expressed in monetary erms to determine wheather a given programme is economically sound and to select the best out of several alt... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A person who is shy, emotionally cold, shunning close relationships, introspective and prefers solitary activities, resides alone. There are no delusions and hallucinations. Which personality disorder is he likely to be classified into? | [
"Schizoid personality disorder",
"Paranoid personality disorder",
"Emotionally unstable personality disorder",
"Antisocial personality disorder"
] | A | (a) Schizoid personality disorderRef: Complete review of psychiatry by Dr, Prashant Agrawal, etL, 2018, ch - 14, pg, 280Personality traits are 'enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself that are exhibited in a wide range of social and personal contexts' (American Psych... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A twitch of motor unit is called: | [
"Myoclonic jerk",
"Tremor",
"Fasciculation",
"Chorea"
] | C | Fasciculations are jerky, visible contractions of groups of muscle fibers that occur as a result of pathologic discharge of spinal motor neurons.
Reference: Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology 25 Ed page no 110 | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 42-year-old man has had a rocky course for the 3 days following a bowel resection for intestinal perforation due to inflammatory bowel disease. His CVP had been 12 to 14 but is now 6, in the face of diminished blood pressure and oliguria. Which of the following is the most likely etiology of his hypotension? | [
"Pulmonary embolism",
"Hypervolemia",
"Positive-pressure ventilation",
"Gram-negative sepsis"
] | D | Determination of CVP can be helpful in the overall hemodynamic assessment of the patient. This pressure can be affected by a variety of factors, including those of cardiac, noncardiac, and aifactual origin. Venous tone, right ventricular compliance, intrathoracic pressure, and blood volume all influence CVP. Vasoconstr... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The commonest cause of vomiting in a one month old infant is | [
"Pyloric stenosis",
"Cardiac chalasia",
"Aerophagy",
"Gastro-esophageal reflux"
] | C | Aerophagia (var. aerophagy) is a condition of excessive air swallowing, which goes to the stomach. Aerophagia may also refer to an unusual condition where the primary symptom is excessive flatus, belching is not present, and the actual mechanism by which air enters the gut is obscure.Aerophagia in psychiatry is sometim... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Digibind is used to | [
"Potentiate the action of Digoxin",
"Decrease the metabolism of Digoxin",
"Treate Digoxin toxicity",
"Rapidly digitalize the patients"
] | C | DIGIBIND (digoxin immune fab) , Digoxin Fab (Ovine), is indicated for treatment of potentially life-threatening digoxin intoxication.3 Although designed specifically to treat life-threatening digoxin overdose, it has also been used successfully to treat life-threatening digitoxin overdose.3 Since human experience is li... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The following is the least useful investigation in multiple myeloma - | [
"ESR",
"X-Ray",
"Bone scan",
"Bone marrow biopsy"
] | C | X ray and bone marrow biopsy is usually taken to diagnose Multiple myeloma. Paraproteinemia can cause an elevated ESR even though not specific. But usually bone scan is not done because sensitivity is low when compared to X ray. Reference : Davidson, 23rd Edition, page no : 967. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Iceberg phenomonon is shown by - | [
"Rabies",
"Measles",
"Tetanus",
"Influenza"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Influenza Icebarg of diseaseo Disease in a community may be compared with an iceberg. The floating tip of the iceberg represents what the physian sees in the community, i.e. clinical cases (Diagnosed case, symptomatic case or clinically apparent case).o The vast submerged portion of the iceberg repres... | train | med_mcqa | null |
`Ischemic necrosis' in alkali burn is ? | [
"Stage I",
"Stage II",
"Stage III",
"Stage IV"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Stage I Alkali burns are among the most severe chemical injuries to eye. Common alkalies responsible for burns are liquid ammonia (most harmful), lime, caustic potash or caustic soda. o Clinical features are divided into three stages. 1) Acute ischemic necrosis (Stage I) :- In this stage there are sig... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Mr. Ramu, a 49 yr old gentleman, undergoes a root canal procedure. Few days later he develops fever, weight loss, and anorexia. He is diagnosed with mitral valve prolapsed with mitral regurgitation. The most common organism implicated in causation of this condition is: | [
"Streptococcus pneumonia",
"Staphylococcus aureus",
"Viridans streptococci",
"Providencia stuaii"
] | C | Viridans streptococci. (Braunwald, 15/e, pp 809-814, 882-885, 959, 1009, 1620.) The 30-year-old-female with mitral valve prolapse has developed subacute bacterial endocarditis. The likely etiologic agent is a viridans streptococci. Viridans streptococci cause most cases of subacute bacterial endocarditis. No other agen... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The Tzanck test, which aids in the diagnosis of herpes simplex infection, is a search for: | [
"Intracytopiasmic inclusion bodies",
"Koilocvtic cells",
"Virus shedding from pustular lesions",
"Multi nucleated giant cells"
] | D | Ans: D (Multi nucleated giant cells) Ref: Jawetz, Melnick & Adelberg's. Textbook of Medical Microbiology, 25th Edition. 2010. Pg. 456Explanation:Tzanck test is done to demonstrate tbe multinucleated giant cells in smears of scrapings or swabs of the base of vesicles in patients with herpes simplex infection.The multinu... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Colostrum is rich in: | [
"IgA",
"IgE",
"IgG",
"IgM"
] | A | Colostrum contains more antibodies (IgA), immunocompetent cells & vitamins A,D,E,K | train | med_mcqa | null |
Postprandial hyperglycemia may be controlled by | [
"Rosiglitazone",
"Thiazide",
"Pioglitazone",
"Tolbutamide"
] | D | (Refer: Rang and Dale's Clinical Pharmacology, 7th edition, pg no: 380-383) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Skinfold thickness test is used for | [
"Fat",
"Carbohydrate",
"Protein",
"Skin allergy test"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Postpaum blues occurs within ----- after delivery | [
"First week",
"Four weeks",
"Six weeks",
"Eight weeks"
] | A | Postpaum blues:This is a time-limited period of heightened emotional reactivity experienced by half of the women within the first week after paurition. This emotional stage generally peaks on the fouh or fifth postpaum day and normalizes by day 10. (Ref: William's Obstetrics; 25th edition) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following malignancy can be termed as round cell malignancy? | [
"Well differentiated",
"Moderately differentiated",
"Poorly differentiated",
"None of the above"
] | C | As in poorly differentiated, cells are round shaped, that's why it is also called as round cell malignancy. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 20-year-old male has type 1 diabetes mellitus. For tight control of his blood sugar levels, the most appropriate regimen is? | [
"Evening injections of mixed regular insulin and insulin glargine",
"Morning injections of insulin detemir, supplemented by small amounts of insulin aspa at food times",
"Morning injection of NPH insulin and evening injection of regular insulin",
"Morning injections of mixed insulin lispro and insulin glulisi... | B | For good control of blood sugar, long acting insulin is given in morning to establish baseline levels of insulin. This is followed by rapid acting insulins just before meals. Long acting insulin include: Glargine, detemir, degludec Rapid acting insulin include: Lispro, aspa, glulisine | train | med_mcqa | null |
Bell's palsy patient comes on day 3. Treatment given would be: | [
"Intratympanic steroids",
"Oral steroids + vitamin B complex",
"Oral steroids + Acyclovir",
"Vasodilators + vitamin B complex"
] | C | (c) Oral steroids + Acyclovir is the best answer.(Ref. Cummings, 6th ed., 2621)Antiviral has to be started within 3 days. Since the patient has presented on the 3rd day, acyclovir should also be started here along with the steroids.If the patient comes after 3 days he should be given only the steroid and vitamin B.Intr... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Aganglionic segment is encountered in which part of colon in case of Hirchsprung's disease - | [
"Distal to dilated segment",
"In whole colon",
"Proximal to dilated segment",
"In dilated segment"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Distal to dilated segment "The major feature of Hirschsprung ds is an absence of ganglion cells in the neural plexus of the intestinal wall, together with hypertrophy of nerve trunks. The absence of ganglion cells gives rise to a contracted non-peristaltic segment with a dilated hypertrophied segment ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The major component of zinc phosphate cement is: | [
"Zinc oxide",
"Phosphoric acid",
"Zinc",
"None of the above"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Group A streptococcus causes all except | [
"Scarlet fever",
"Erysipelas",
"Impetigo",
"Epidermolysis bullae"
] | D | GROUP A STREPTOCOCCUS CAUSES: Suppurative lesions: Respiratory infections: tonsillitis, pharyngitis Skin and soft tissue infections: erysipelas, impetigo Genital infections Other suppurative infections: abscesses internal organs such as brain, lungs, liver and kidneys and also septicemia and pyemia. 2.Non-suppurative p... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The most impoant mechanism by which gram negative bacilli acquire chloramphenicol resistance is: | [
"Decreased permeability into the bacterial cell",
"Acquisition of a plasmid encoded for chloramphenicol acetyl transferase",
"Lowered affinity of the bacterial ribosome for chloramphenicol",
"Switching over from ribosomal to mitochondrial protein synthesis"
] | B | Resistance to chloramphenicol is usually by a plasmid encoded enzyme acetyltransferase which inactivates the drug. it can also be due to decreased permeability of the drug into the cell and also due to ribosomal mutation. Antimicrobial resistance through inactivating enzymes develops against: A: Aminoglycosides B: Beta... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Sequestrated lung is supplied most commonly by ? | [
"Bronchial aeries",
"Descending aoa",
"Subclan aery",
"Intercostal aeries"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Descending aoa | train | med_mcqa | null |
Recommended level of fluorides in drinking water in our country is accepted as - | [
"0.5 mg/L",
"1.5 mg/L",
"2.5 mg/L",
"3.5 mg/L"
] | A | Fluorine is the most abundant element in nature. The recommended level of fluoride in drinking water in India is 0.5 to 0.8 mg/L. Excess of fluorides results in endemic fluorosis, skeletal and dental fluorosis. Inadequate levels of fluorine results in dental caries. Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 25... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following causes decreased clotting of blood after death, EXCEPT: | [
"CO poisoning",
"Amniotic fluid embolism",
"Puerperal sepsis",
"None of the above"
] | D | Decreased clotting of blood is seen ceain case of rapid death from asphyxia. It is also seen in death due to CO poisoning, ceain cases of septicaemia, amniotic fluid embolism, hypofibrinogenemia, retained aboion, puerperal sepsis etc. Ref: The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology by Narayana Reddy, Edition 21... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Mental retardation is seen in? | [
"Phenylketonuria",
"Alkaptonuria",
"Albinism",
"Von Gierke disease"
] | A | Mental retardation is feature of PKU due to elevated level of phenylalanine hydroxylase in brain. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pityriasis versicolor is caused by? | [
"E. floccosum",
"M. gypseum",
"M. furfur",
"T. tansurans"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., M. furfur | train | med_mcqa | null |
A thyroid nodule is found on a 40-year-old woman on routine evaluation. She has no prior history of thyroid disease and clinically feels well. There is a 15-mm nontender nodule on the right lobe of the thyroid with no associated lymphadenopathy. Thyroid function tests are normal. Which of the following is the most appr... | [
"thyroid scan",
"fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy",
"repeat assessment in 6 months",
"partial thyroidectomy"
] | B | Needle biopsy can be used in numerous diseases, but the main rationale is to differentiate benign from malignant nodules. A thyroid scan is appropriate if the TSH is suppressed suggesting a possible "hot" nodule (hyperfunctioning nodules are very rarely malignant). The specimen must be read by an experienced cytologist... | train | med_mcqa | null |
ST elevation and hyperacute T waves in precordeal leads VI to V6 and in lead aVL indicates: | [
"Anterolateral wall MI",
"Posterior wall MI",
"Inferior MI",
"Lateral wall MI"
] | A | Answer is A (Anterolateral wall MI) Acute transmural Anterolateral wall ischaemia is associated with changes in one or more of the precordial leads (V1 through V6)and in leads I and aVL | train | med_mcqa | null |
During cardiac resuscitation, the follwing can occur except : | [
"Rupture of Lungs",
"Rupture of liver",
"Rupture of Stomach",
"Disseminated intravascular coagulation occurs"
] | D | D i.e. Disseminated intravenous coagulation During CPR following may occur - Fracture rib, sternumQ or veebrae - Rupture of lung, liver, spleen, stomachQ DIC is usually seen in massive trauma, burn & surgery. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Blockade of vasomotor reversal(Re reversal) is seen with | [
"Atenolol",
"Nor adrenaline",
"Dopamine",
"Epinephrine"
] | A | Vasomotor re-reversal means only rise in BP is seen with adrenaline because of administration of beta blocker. Fall in BP is neutralized by beta blocker Ref: Katzung 12th ed. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cherry red spot on retina is seen in A/E | [
"CRAO",
"CRVO",
"Nieman-pick diseases",
"Tay-sach's disease"
] | B | B i.e. CRVO | train | med_mcqa | null |
The amount of vasoconstrictor in 1 ml of 2% Lignocaine solution with 1:2,00,000 adrenaline is: | [
"0.5 mg",
"0.05 mg",
"0.005 mg",
"0.0005 mg"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Conservative cavity for amalgam restoration is made using: | [
"33½ inverted cone bur",
"No. 245 non standardized bur",
"Pear shaped bur",
"Taper fissure bur"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
The best treatment of contaminated wound of leg | [
"Debridement and antibiotics",
"Hyperbaric oxygen",
"Amputation",
"None"
] | A | Ans. (a) Debridement and antibiotics(Ref: Bailey 26th 279)* Treatment of contaminated wound includes antibiotics or even a wound wash out. Dead tissue needs to be excised. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Enzymes required for mRNA synthesis is/are ? | [
"RNA polymerase I",
"RNA polymerase II",
"Primase",
"Topoisomerase"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., RNA polymerase II It catalyzes the synthesis of mRNA, small nuclear RNA (sn-RNA) and miRNA.These products are coded by class II gene, i.e. class II gene is transcribed by mRNA.Class II gene differ from class I and III in that one of its transcribed products (mRNA) is translated into protein. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Feature of fat embolism includes all except: (PGI Dec 2010) | [
"Tachypnoea",
"Systemic hypoxia may occur",
"Fat globules in urine are diagnostic",
"Commonly Manifests after several days of trauma"
] | D | Ans: D Commonly Manifests after several days of trauma Commonly Manifests after several days of trauma- this is rarely seen . Hence, this statement is wrong. Correct statement is- Usually manifests itself within 24-48 hours of trauma "Sputum & urine mav reveal the presence of fat a lobulesQ"- Maheswari 3rd/34 Fat Embol... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Fixative used for bone histopathology is?- | [
"10% formalin",
"Normal saline",
"Rectified spirit",
"Nothing"
] | A | The most commonly used fixative in histology is formaldehyde. It is usually used as a 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF) | train | med_mcqa | null |
The cistern chyli are situated in | [
"Pelvis",
"Thorax",
"Neck",
"Abdomen"
] | D | CISTERNA CHYLI - This is an elongated lymphatic sac, about 5 to 7 cm long. It is situated in front of the first and second lumbar veebrae,immediately to the right of the abdominal aoa. It is overlapped by the right crus of the diaphragm. Its upper end is continuous with the thoracic duct. It is joined by the right and ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The toxicity of methyl alcohol is due to ? | [
"Formic acid",
"Ethanol",
"Methanol itself",
"All of the above"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Formic acid | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient with known mutation in the 'Rb gene' is 'disease free' from Retinoblastoma. This patient is at highest risk of developing which of the following malignancies? | [
"Osteosarcoma",
"Pinealoblastoma",
"Chondrosarcoma",
"Renal cell carcinoma"
] | A | Retinoblastoma gene locus resides on human chromosome 13 at band q14, it functions by blocking the entry of cells into the DNA synthesis S phase of the cell cycle. It is a prototype tumor suppressor gene in which a loss of both normal alleles is associated with tumor development. Mutation in Rb gene is associated with ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Trough-shaped curve in audiometry is seen in | [
"Congenital SNHL",
"Otitis media",
"Otosclerosis",
"Acoustic neuroma"
] | A | Trough shaped curve (B-type) in audiometry is seen in secretory otitis media. Type A -Normal tympanogram. Type As- Compliance is lower at or near ambient air pressure. Seen in fixation of ossicles, e.g. otosclerosis or malleus fixation. Type Ad- High compliance at or near ambient pressure. Seen in the ossicular discont... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Greater cornua of the hyoid bone fuses with the body at what age ? | [
"15 years",
"25 years",
"10 years",
"35 years"
] | B | Ans. is'b'i.e., 25 yearsTime of fusion of greater cornua of hyoid - 25 years with the bodyTime of fusion of lesser cornua = 35-40 years | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 50-year-old know asthmatic develops sudden onset right-sided chest pain with dyspnea. Chest X-ray reveals hyperlucency on right side with shift of trachea to left side. The best option of treatment for immediate relief of symptoms is | [
"Intravenous morphine",
"Nebulization of beta 2 agonist, Ex salbutamol",
"Intravenous aminophylline",
"Water seal intercostal drainage on right side of chest"
] | D | Patient might have developed pneumothorax , Pathophysiology Airway hyper-reactivity (AHR) - the tendency for airways to narrow excessively in response to triggers that have little or no effect in normal individuals - is integral to the diagnosis of asthma and appears to be related, although not exclusively, to airway i... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In a patient only HBs Ag is positive ins serum, all other markers are negative, This indicates - | [
"Acute hepatitis",
"Chronic active hepatitis",
"Persistent carrier",
"Hepatitis B vaccination"
] | D | Presence of only HBsAg indicate immunisation. REF:MICROBIOLOGY ANANTHA NARAYANAN NINTH EDITION PAGE.546&548 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Nude mice is able to accept xenograft because they lack: | [
"T cells",
"B cells",
"NK cells",
"LAK cells"
] | A | Ref. Textbook of Microbiology and Immunology BY Parija. Page. 162
Nude Mice
Congenitally athymic nude mice (nu/nu) are presented as a model for the study of cell-mediated immunologic deficiencies.
These mice possess a vestigial thymus which is incapable of producing mature T-cells as shown by a decreased lymphocyte ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Odds ratio is related to: | [
"Incidence",
"Relative risk",
"Attributable risk",
"Prevalence"
] | B | Relative risk | train | med_mcqa | null |
Carcinoma cervix is predisposed by all except : | [
"Early marriage",
"Multiparity",
"Nullipara",
"Herpes simplex type II"
] | C | Nullipara | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pasteurised milk is most commonly tested by | [
"Phosphate test",
"Coliform test",
"Catalase test",
"Oxidase test"
] | A | Phosphatase test:This is a check on whether milk has been pasteurized. The enzyme phosphatase, which is normally present in milk, is inactivated if pasteurization has been performed properly. Residual phosphatase activity indicates that pasteurization has been adequate. This test, if positive after proper pasteurizatio... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common cause of HUS in children is - | [
"E coli O157/H7",
"S typhi",
"Shigella",
"None"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., E coli O157/H7 o The majority of HUS in children (90%) is related to prototypic diarrhea associated form, predominately in previously healthy children 6 months to 4 years of age with a peak between 1 and 2 years,o Shiga toxin producing E coli (STEC) is the major cause of diarrhea associated HUS.o Spec... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Among the given hormones which are stored the longest in a cell | [
"Insulin",
"T3",
"PTH",
"Testosterone"
] | B | Hormone Supply Stored in CellSteroids and 1,25(OH)2-D3NoneCatecholamines and PTHHoursInsulin DaysT3 and T4WeeksRef: Harper; 30th edition; Pg:515 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Infective endocarditis is commonly seen in all except- | [
"Small VSD",
"Tetralogy of fallot",
"PDA",
"ASD"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Severe combined immunodeficiency is seen with: | [
"Pre B- Cell",
"Pre T Cell",
"Both",
"NK Cell"
] | C | Ans. (c) BothRef Microbiology by Ananthanaray an and Paniker 9th ed. 174* Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome has impairment of both humoral and cell mediated immunity (B and T cell defect).* Inheritance pattern of SCID is X-Iinked recessive > Autosomal recessive.Clinical Manifestation of SCID* Oral candid... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Preferred insulin regimen during pregnancy? | [
"Insulin Regular + NPH",
"Insulin NPH + Lispro",
"Insulin Degludec",
"Insulin Lispro + Insulin regular"
] | B | For basalinsulincoverage, intermediate-acting neutralprotamineHagedorn (NPH)insulinhas historically been considered first-line therapy and has been widely studied in this patient population. For postprandial glycemic control, rapid-actinginsulinanalogues, such asinsulinlispro andinsulin aspa, do not cross the placenta ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which structures passes along with esophagus through esophageal opening of diaphragm ? | [
"NC",
"Gastric nerves",
"Aoa",
"Thoracic duct"
] | B | Gastric nerves | train | med_mcqa | null |
Not true about clozapine is: | [
"Should be discontinued, if WBC counts < 3500/dl",
"Has no anti suicide propey",
"Should not be used along with carbamazepine",
"The action is more on D4 receptors than D2 receptors"
] | B | Clozapine: It is a DOC for treatment resistant schizophrenia(TRS) TRS is defined as lack of response to 2 antipsychotics (atleast 1 atypical) at adequate dose for atleast 4-6 weeks It has more affinity for D4 receptors , less affinity for D2- [?] minimum EPS. It has anti- suicide propey It is an antipsychotic agent wit... | train | med_mcqa | null |
18 year old girl with primary amenorrhea having a karyotype of 45X0 presents with infantile uterus. What should be done next? | [
"B/L gonadectomy",
"H to induce pubey",
"Clitoroplasty",
"Vaginoplasty"
] | B | Primary amenorrhea with karyotype of 45 XO with an infantile uterus is suggestive of TURNER SYNDROME Management Screen for associated abnormalities: cardiac (30% have coarctation of aoa), renal (esp.horseshoe kidney), autoimmune abnormalities (thyroiditis), diabetes, hypeension and hearing loss Growth hormone therapy: ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are used in treatment for PPH except : | [
"Oxytocin",
"Carboprost",
"Ergometrine",
"Ritodrine"
] | D | Ritodrine | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following reflex is never shown by a spastic child: | [
"Labyrinthine reflex.",
"Parachute reflex.",
"Babinski reflex.",
"All of the above."
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
To which of the following events is 'good' outcome in neuroblastoma associated - | [
"Diploidy",
"N-myc amplification",
"Chromosome 1 p deletion",
"Trk A expression"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common widespread zoonotic disease in the world is - | [
"Rabies",
"Leptospirosis",
"Brucella",
"Anthrax"
] | B | <p> Leptospirosis is the most wide zoonotic disease in the world. Reference:Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine,K.Park,23rd edition,page no:291. <\p> | train | med_mcqa | null |
The superior oblique muscle is supplied by - | [
"3\nrd \ncranial nerve",
"4\nth\n cranial nerve",
"5\nth\n cranial nerve",
"6\nth \ncranial nerve"
] | B | Superior oblique is supplied by 4th (trochlear) nerve. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lowest risk of malformations is seen with which of the following antiepileptic drug? | [
"Phenobarbitone",
"Valproate",
"Lamotrigine",
"Carbamazepine"
] | C | A metanalysis of 31 studies found lamotrigine and levetiracetam to carry the lowest risk of malformations(Ref: William's Obstetrics; 25th edition) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Phlyctenular conjunctivitis false is- | [
"The most common cause is tuberculosis",
"The lesions are typically found near the limbus",
"Predominantly affects children",
"Is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction"
] | A | Tuberculous proteins were considered, previously, as the most common cause. Staphylococcus proteins are now thought to account for most of the cases. Age. Peak age group is 3-15 years. Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis is believed to be a delayed hypersensitivity (Type IV-cell mediated) response to endogenous microbial... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Commonest type of seizure in newborn – | [
"Clonic",
"Tonic",
"Subtle",
"Myoclonic"
] | C | Most common type of seizures is newborn are subtle seizures and they constitute 50% of all seizures.
They are called subtle seizures because the clinical manifestations are often mild and frequently missed.
Subtle seizures are usually mild paroxysmal alterations in motor behavior or autonomic function that are not c... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Autoclaving is done in: | [
"Dry air at 121 degree C and 15 psi",
"Steam at 100 degree C for 30 minutes",
"Steam at 121 degree C for 15 minutes",
"Dry air at 160 degree C for 30 minutes"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Steam at 121 degree C for 15 minutes(Ref: Ananthanarayan, 9th/e, p. 32 and Baveja, 4th/e, p. 33) Steaming at 121 for 15 mins at 15lbs pressure. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Birbeck granules in cytoplasm is seen in ? | [
"Langerhans cell histiocytosis",
"Hodgkin's lymphoma",
"Non hodgkins lymphoma",
"Gastrointestinal stromal tumor"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Langerhans cell histiocytosis Birbeck granules are characteristic of langerhans cell histiocytosis Tumour cells in the langerhan's cell histiocvtosis are derived from dendritic cells and express : S-100 CD1a HLA-DR These cells are characterized by the presence of birbeck granules in their cytoplasm un... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Haemoglobin electrophoresis can detect all except? | [
"Beta thalassemia intermedia",
"Alpha thalassemia trait",
"Sickle cell disease",
"Hb E disease"
] | B | Hb-electrophoresis can estimate the level of the HbA2 and HbF fractions. In hemoglobin H disease 20-40% of total hemoglobin is of Hemoglobin Bas. In silent carrier alpha thalassemia, percentage is only 1-2% with low or normal amounts of Hb. Hb electrophoresis is generally not sufficiently sensitive to diagnose silent c... | train | med_mcqa | null |
TYNDALLISATION is a type of | [
"intermittent sterilization",
"pasteurisation",
"boiling",
"autoclaving"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Submaxillary calculi can be visualized by X-ray in: | [
"20% cases",
"50% cases",
"60% cases",
"80% cases"
] | D | 80% of all salivary stones occur in the submanidbular glands because their secretions are highly viscous. 80% of submandibular stones are radiopaque and can be identified on plain radiograph. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Endogenous triglycerides in plasma are maximally carried in | [
"VLDL",
"Chylomicrons",
"LDL",
"HDL"
] | A | VERY LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS Synthesis of VLDL They are synthesised in the liver from glycerol and fatty acids and incorporated into VLDL along with hepatic cholesterol, Apo-B-100, C-II and E. Apo-B-100 is the major lipoprotein present in VLDL when it is secreted. Apo-E and C-II are obtained from HDL in plasma. Metabo... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Oil and Grease are sterilized by: | [
"Hot air oven",
"Autoclaving",
"Filtration",
"Irradiation"
] | A | Ans: A (Hot air oven) Ref: A nanthana ray an, Paniker CJ. Textbook of microbiology. 8th Edition. London: John Wiley & Sons: 2009. Pg. 30-38.Explanation: (See table below) Disinfectant/ SterilisationActive againstUseEthyl alcoholBactericidal but not sporicidalSkin antisepticsMethyl alcoholActive against bacterial and fu... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug contraindicated in pregnancy : | [
"Angiotensin receptor blockers",
"Beta blockers",
"Calcium channel blockers",
"Thiazides"
] | A | Ans. (a) Angiotensin receptor blockersRef KDT 6th ed. 553* ACEs are the drugs which inhibit the conversion of angiotensin-I to angiotensin-II. They can cause severe fetal malformations when given in the second and third trimesters.* These include: Hypocalvaria and renal dysfunction and are also teratogenic and because ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A family, while on a picnic, picked some wild mushrooms to add to their picnic salad. Shortly thereafter, all the members of the family became ill, with the youngest child showing the most severe symptoms. The family is suffering these effects owing to a primary inability to accomplish which one of the following in the... | [
"Synthesize proteins",
"Synthesize lipids",
"Synthesize DNA",
"Synthesize carbohydrates"
] | A | The poison in poisonous mushrooms is a-amanitin, an inhibitor of eukaryotic RNA polymerases, primarily RNA polymerase II. As the family ate the mushrooms containing the poison, RNA polymerase II stopped functioning, and mRNA was no longer produced. This led to a lack of protein synthesis. There is no direct effect on t... | train | med_mcqa | null |
False about abdominal lymphoma is | [
"MALT lymphoma is associated with H. Pylori infection",
"Primary small intestinal Lymphomas are most commonly located in the jejunum",
"Angiosarcoma is the most common primary malignant neoplasm of spleen",
"Stomach is the most common site for extranodal lymphoma"
] | B | Primary small intestinal Lymphomas are most commonly located in the ileum Primary gastric Lymphomas are derived from B-cells and classified as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and MALT. Both DLBCL & MALT are thought to be between chronic H. Pylori infection. The linkage is better established for MALT, where as the... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pannus is seen in - | [
"OA",
"RA",
"Gout",
"None"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., RA o Pannus is seen in rheumatoid arthritis.o It is neoplasm-like growth of inflammed synovial tissue that leads to destruction of joint structures,o It is initially a granulation tissue consisting of blood vessels, inflammatory cells, and proliferating fibroblasts that invades and overruns articular ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ideal hearing aid for patient with anotia is | [
"Incanal",
"Bone anchored hearing aid",
"Vestibular",
"Transcutaneous"
] | B | Anotia ("no ear") describes a rare, congenital deformity, that involves the complete absence of the pinna, the outer projected poion of the ear, and narrowing or absence of the ear canal. A bone-anchored hearing aid is an implantable device that allows the listener to hear by bone conduction without the inconvenience o... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Kernig's sign is seen in – | [
"Pneumonia",
"Acute bacterial meningitis",
"Mental retardation",
"Cerebral palsy"
] | B | Acute bacterial meningitis
Acute bacterial meningitis is one of the most potentially serious infections occurring in infants and older children.
It is commoner in neonates and infants than in older children because their immune mechanism and phagocytic functions are not fully matured.
Clinical features of meningitis... | train | med_mcqa | null |
An organism is found to be a pleomorphic, gram-negative rod that causes a localized skin infection and seems to be a cause of an occupational disease of fishermen, fish handlers, and butchers. Most likely organism is: | [
"Erysipelothrix",
"Brucella",
"Salmonella",
"Leptospira"
] | A | Erysipelothrix | train | med_mcqa | null |
Following are common causes of sho stature in a child EXCEPT | [
"Familial",
"Undernutrition",
"Turners syndrome",
"Klinefelte's syndrome"
] | D | Signs and symptoms of Klinefelter syndrome may include: Taller than average stature. Longer legs, shoer torso and broader hips compared with other boys. Absent, delayed or incomplete pubey. After pubey, less muscle and less facial and body hair compared with other teens. Small, firm testicles. Small penis. Enlarged bre... | train | med_mcqa | null |
An 8 year old boy is taken to a pediatrician because of behavioral changes, mild intellectual deterioration, and "laziness." Over the next several months the boy develops increasing clumsiness and periodic, involuntary, jerky movements every 3 to 6 seconds. Visual deterioration is apparent upon visual field testing, an... | [
"Measles virus",
"Mumps virus",
"Papillomavirus",
"Poliovirus"
] | A | The rare disease illustrated is subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), which typically presents as in the question stem. SSPE appears to be due to a combination of persistent, possibly abnormal measles virus and to autoimmune damage caused by antibodies directed against the virus. Many patients developing SSPE hav... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The more appropriate term for annealing of direct filling of gold is | [
"Bridging",
"Cold welding",
"Stepping",
"Desorbing"
] | D | PREPARATION OF DIRECT FILLING GOLD
FOR RESTORATION:
Prior to placing direct filling gold in the cavity preparation, the dentist heats the material to remove the protective coating or wax introduced by the manufacturer, or contaminants on the surface acquired during storage and packaging. Individual pellets can be hel... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following functionally competent of largest unit of the ribosomes? | [
"tRNA",
"mRNA",
"Catalyze formation of the peptides",
"Formation of the polyribosomes"
] | C | Ribosomes catalyze peptide bond formation between aminoacyl- tRNA (aa-tRNA)4 bound to the A site of the ribosome and peptidyl- tRNA at the P site.The active site for peptide bond formation, the peptidyl transferase center, is located on the large (50 S) ribosomal subunit. High-resolution crystal structures of the 50 S ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
For diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, Fasting blood glucose level should be more than- | [
"126mg\\/dl",
"140mg\\/dl",
"l00mg\\/dl",
"200mg\\/dl"
] | A | Ans is option 1 - 126mg/dl For diagnosis fasting blood sugar level should be more than or equal to 126mg/dl or 7mmol/l Ref Harrison 19 /2401 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Treatment of pseudopancreatic cyst is - | [
"Percutaneous drainage",
"Pancreatectomy",
"Internal drainage (surgical)",
"All of the above"
] | D | Internal drainage can be performed with either percutaneous catheter based methods (transgastric puncture and stent placement to create a cystogastrostomy) endoscopic methods ( transpapillary drainage, cystgastrostomy or cystduodenostomy) surgical methods ( cystgastrostomy, cystduodenostomy or Roux-en-Y cystjejunostomy... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The combined oral contraceptive pill is absolutely contraindicated in: | [
"Thromboembolism (h/o)",
"PID",
"Age above 40 years",
"Leiomyoma"
] | A | The combined oral contraceptive pill is absolutely contraindicated in: Thromboembolic, coronary and cerebrovascular disease or a history of it Moderate to severe hypeension; hyperlipidemia Active liver disease, hepatoma or h/o jaundice during past pregnancy Suspected/Ove malignancy of genitalia/breast Porphyria Impendi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 4-month-old infant with Tetralogy of Fallot presents with fever and loose stools. Which of the following is compatible with the diagnosis of Tetralogy spells? | [
"O2 saturation < 70% in room air",
"Inability to hear a murmur",
"Hepatomegaly",
"S3 gallop rhythm"
] | B | Paroxysmal hypercyanotic attacks (hypoxic, "blue," or "tet" spells) are a paicular problem during the first 2 years of life. The infant becomes hyperpneic and restless, cyanosis increases, gasping respiration ensue, and syncope may follow. The spells occur most frequently in the morning on initially awakening or after ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Antihormonal substance used to induce ovulation | [
"Mifepristone",
"Clomiphene citrate",
"Tamoxifen",
"Raloxifen"
] | B | Shaw's textbook of Gynaecology- 16th edn- pg no- 257. Clomiphene citrate is used for ovulation induction. Dose- 50mg/day startingfrom day 2 to day 6 of the cycle for 5 days. | train | med_mcqa | null |
B6. Following is not true about the gene mutations leading to breast carcinoma | [
"Most common mutation in inherited breast carcinoma is BRCA1",
"BRCA 1 mutation is present in most of the cases of breast carcinoma",
"Inherited breast carcinomas make about 3 % of the total cases",
"p53 mutation also increases chances of colon and brain cancer"
] | B | Ans. (b) BRCA 1 mutation is present in most of the cases of breast carcinoma(Ref: Robbins 9th/pg 1054; 8th/pg 1077)a. Most common gene involved in familial breast cancer-BRCA1(52%) > BRCA1(32%)b. p53 mutation is present in most of the cases of breast carcinomac. Inherited breast carcinomas make about 3 % of the total c... | train | med_mcqa | null |
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