question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
values | rationale stringlengths 0 22.5k ⌀ | split stringclasses 1
value | dataset stringclasses 6
values | subject stringclasses 1
value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Which is the pathognomic feature of Alzheimer’s disease? | [
"Lewy bodies",
"Ballooned neurons",
"Plaques and tangles",
"Pick bodies"
] | C | Ref. Robbins Pathology. 9th edition. Page. 1289
Grossly, brain atrophy (narrowed gyri and widened sulci) is predominant in the frontal and superior temporal lobes.
Alzheimer microscopically characterized by numerous neuro brillary tangles and senile plaques with a central core of amyloid alpha protein
Silver stains ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 28 year old patient presented with history of suspiciousness, hearing voices not heard by other, aggression, poor sleep and appetite for last 3 months. During investigations, his ECG was done and it showed QTc of 480 ms. Which of the following drugs should be avoided in this patient? | [
"Ziprasidone",
"Aripiprazole",
"Clozapine",
"Risperidone"
] | A | Antipsychotics causing QT prolongation : Ziprasidone Amisulpiride Quetiapine Thioridazone Pimozide | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following physiological processes occur during the growth at the epiphyseal plate except- | [
"Proliferation and hypertrophy",
"Calcification and ossification",
"Vasculogenesis and erosion",
"Replacement of red bone marrow with yellow marrow"
] | D | At the epiphyseal growth plate (physis) new bone growth occurs by the process of endochondral ossification i.e. ossification of proliferating cartilage. This process sequentially involves proliferation and hypertrophy of chondrocytes, their calcification, and vascular invasion. Replacement red bone marrow with white ma... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Regarding Abdominal cacoon all statements are true except | [
"Common in young girl",
"Associated with liver fibrosis",
"Fibrosis of small bowel & stomach",
"Chronic peritonitis is seen"
] | B | .Pathology in Peritoneal Tuberculosis * Enormous thickening of the parietal peritoneum with multiple tiny yellowish tubercles. * Dense adhesions in peritoneum and omentum with content inside as small bowel looking like abdominal cocoon. It may precipitate intestinal obstruction. * Multiple dense adhesions between bowel... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Endotoxin shock is intiated by - | [
"endothelial injury",
"Peripheral vasodilation",
"Increased vascular permeability",
"Cytokines action"
] | D | Cells of the innate immune system express receptors (e.g., Toll-like receptors ) that recognize a host of microbe-derived substances containing so-called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Activation of pathogen recognition receptors by PAMPs triggers the innate immune responses that drive sepsis. Upon act... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The drugs not used for treatment of osteoporosis are- | [
"Biphosphonates",
"Steroids",
"Denosumab",
"Calciam"
] | B | , Ans. is 'b' i.e., Steroids Management of osteoporosisNon trharmacolosical therapyo Calcium and vitamin D supplementationo Important additional lifestyle measures includeExerciseSmoking cessationAvoidance o f heavy alcoholCounselling on fall preventionPharmacologic therapyEstrogenso A large body of clinical trial data... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cholinomimetics are useful in all of the following conditions EXCEPT | [
"Glaucoma",
"Mysthenia gravis",
"Post operative atony of bladder",
"Paial hea block"
] | D | cholinomimetics use- 1.as miotic- in glaucoma/to reverse the effect of mydriatics after refraction testing/to prevent adhesions between lens and iris or cornea 2.in myasthenia gravis 3.in postoperative paralytic ileus 4.post operative decurarization 5.in cobra bite 6.in belladonna poisoning 8.in Alzheimer's disease REF... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Supraventricular crest lies between- | [
"Pulmonary orifice and atrioventricular orifice",
"Atrioventricular orifice and fossa ovalis",
"SVC and right atrium",
"Right an dleft coronary artery"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Pulmonary orifice and atrioventricular orifice Interior of right ventricle* It is anteroinferior chamber and projects to the left of right atrium. It is in contact with the sternum.* It is divided into -i) Rough inflowing part (ventricle proper)# It is developed from right half of primitive ventricle.... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Coenzyme for phenylalanine hydroxylase is - | [
"Tetrahydrofolate",
"Pyridoxal phosphate",
"S-adenosyl methionine",
"Tetrahydrobiopterin"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Tetrahydrobiopterino Phenylalanine metabolism is initiated by its oxidation to tyrosine which then undergoes oxidative degradation. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Forschheimer spots are seen on | [
"Uvula",
"Trunk",
"Dorsal aspect of hand",
"Penis"
] | A | Forscheimer spots are pin - head sized petechiae seen on soft palate and uvula, seen in Rubella. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A child with an erythematous nonblanching bosselated lesion on right side of the face, Rx is - | [
"Erbium laser",
"Nd-YAG laser",
"Flash light pumped dye laser",
"Q ruby laser"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Flashlight pumped dye laser "Nonblanching bosselated lesion on right side of the face suggests port wine stain"Port wine stain (PWS), also called nevus flammeus, is a congenital, cutaneous vascular malformation involving post-capillary venules which produce a light pink to red to dark-red- violet disc... | train | med_mcqa | null |
What would be the race of individual if skull bone having following feature rounded nasal opening, horseshoe shaped palette. Round orbit & cephalic index above 80: | [
"Negro",
"Mongol",
"European",
"Aryans"
] | B | B i.e. Mongols | train | med_mcqa | null |
Irresistable urge to move about with inner restlessness is called | [
"Akinesia",
"Hyperkinesia",
"Dyskinesia",
"Akathisia"
] | D | D i.e. Akathisia | train | med_mcqa | null |
Bicarbonate is maximally absorbed from | [
"PCT",
"DCT",
"Collecting disc",
"Thick ascending loop of teenle"
] | A | PCT | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug that is used for fetal lung maturity is | [
"Dexamethasone",
"Folic acid",
"eclomethasone",
"one"
] | A | * Betamethasone and dexamethasone are coicosteroids, also called glucocoicoids, that are given before bih (antenatally) to speed up a preterm fetuses lung development. * Either is used when a mother is in preterm labor and bih may occur in 24 to 48 hours REF : DUTTA BOOK OF OBESTETRICS | train | med_mcqa | null |
In Wegeners glomerulonephritis characteristic feature seen is | [
"Granuloma in the vessel wall",
"Focal necrotizing glomerulonephritis",
"Nodular glomerulosclerosis",
"Interstitial granuloma"
] | B | This is a necrotising vasculitis characterised by specific triad . Granuloma of the lung and the upper respiratory tract . Vasculitis of small to medium sized vessels . Glomerulonephritis Robinns 9 th edition page no. 353 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Single-dose mebendazole is effective in treatment of | [
"Enterobius vermicularis",
"Ankylostoma duodenale",
"Ascaris lumbricoides",
"All of the above"
] | A | Ans. a (Enterobius vermicularis) (Ref. Nelson paediatrics 18th/ p. 1450; KDT Pharmacology 6th/809)Enterobius: 100 mg single dose mebendazole, repeated after 2-3 weeks.Round worm:Hookworm:Mebendazole 100 mg twice a day for 3 consecutive days.Whipworm:NO fasting/purging/other preparation needed.Enterobius vermicularis (p... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Peroneal artery is a branch of - | [
"Posterior tibial",
"Anterior tibial",
"Dorsalis pedis artery",
"Arcuate artery"
] | A | Largest terminal branch of posterior tibial artery- peroneal artery | train | med_mcqa | null |
Arden index is related to - | [
"ERG",
"EOG",
"VER",
"Perimetry"
] | B | Answer- B. EOG Arden index is related to ElectrooculographyInterpretation of results:- Results of EOG are interpreted by finding out the Arden ratio as follows :Normal curve values are 185 or above.Subnormal curve values are less than 150.Flat curve values are less than 125. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Gamma neurons innervate: | [
"Extrafusal muscle fibers",
"Intrafusal muscle fibers",
"Primary motor innervations to skeletal muscles",
"Inhibit antagonistic muscles"
] | B | Ans. B. Intrafusal muscle fibersa. In addition to the alpha motor neurons that excite contraction of the skeletal muscle fibers, about one half as many much smaller gamma motor neurons are located along with the alpha motor neurons in the anterior horns.b. These transmit impulses through type-A gamma fibers, averaging ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
What fraction of inhaled mercury vapour is retained in the body? | [
"45 - 50%",
"55 - 65%",
"65 - 85%",
">85%"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following enzymes decreases gastric motility: | [
"Secretin",
"CCK-PZ.",
"Both.",
"None."
] | C | Secretin augments the action of CCK-PZ but secrete watery alkaline pancreatic juice.
Thus, both SECRETIN and CCK-PZ decreases gastric motility. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Albers schonberg disease is - | [
"Osteopetrosis",
"Osteoporosis",
"Osteochondritis",
"Osteomalacia"
] | A | Osteopetrosis is known as Marble bone disease or Alber&;s Schonberg disease. In this condition bone is hard as marble or as brittle as chalks. There is continued new bone deposition on unresorbed calcified cailage and there is failure of remodelling. Reference- Maheshwari- 5th edn- pg no 317 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following drug shows nephrotoxicity during administration? | [
"Azathioprine",
"Leflunomide",
"Mycophenolate mofetil",
"Tacrolimus"
] | D | Adverse effects of tacrolimus: Nephrotoxicity Neurotoxicity (e.g., tremor, headache, motor disturbances, seizures) GI complaints Hypeension Hyperkalemia Hyperglycemia Diabetes The major side effect of azathioprine is bone marrow suppression, including leukopenia (common), thrombocytopenia (less common), and/or anemia (... | train | med_mcqa | null |
AFP is elevated in | [
"HCC",
"Infant hemangioendothelioma",
"Amoebic liver abscess",
"Embryonic sarcoma"
] | A | . | train | med_mcqa | null |
Alpha feto protein is elevated in what percentage of children with hepatoblastoma: | [
"10%",
"50%",
"90%",
"100%"
] | C | Most liver function test results are normal. Alpha-fetoprotein levels are increased in 90% of children with hepatoblastomas but are elevated much less commonly in children with other liver malignancies. Ref: Schwaz's principle of surgery 9th edition, chapter 39. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is the most common content in 'Hernia en glissade'? | [
"Omentum",
"Urinary bladder",
"Caecum",
"Sigmoid colon"
] | D | Hernia en glissade or sliding hernia It is defined as any hernia in which pa of the sac (usually the post. is formed by the wall of viscus. In this type of hernia viscera is liable to be injured if the hernial sac is resected during surgery. It should be clearly understood that the caecum, appendix or pa of colon wholl... | train | med_mcqa | null |
At this stage of delivery, shown in video clip, which complication can occur and whats its management? | [
"Shoulder dystocia, Fundal Pressure",
"Deep Transverse arrest, Manual rotation & forceps extraction",
"Shoulder dystocia, McRobe's manouvre",
"Asynclitic head, fundal pressure"
] | C | The steps of delivery shown in video clip are delivery by extension, external rotation and lateral flexion. Shoulder dystocia results from a size discrepancy between the fetal shoulders and the pelvic inlet. McRobes maneuver is done for management of shoulder dystocia . | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pseudolymphoma is a manifestation of ? | [
"Phenytoin",
"Carbamazepine",
"Sodium valproate",
"Phenobarbital"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Phenytoin Phenytoin on long term administration can lead to lymphadenopathy which is sometimes difficult to distinguish from malignant lymphoma. It is known as pseudolymphoma. | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about ketamine – | [
"Bronchodilator",
"Depressed airway reflexes",
"Causes hypotension",
"Decreases ICT"
] | A | Ketamine is a potent bronchodilator.
Ketamine increases BP and ICT.
Airway reflexes (pharyngeal and laryngeal) are not depressed. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Mechanism of action of paclitaxei is - | [
"Topoisomerase inhibition",
"Increase the polymerization of tubulin",
"Inhibition of protein synthesis",
"Alkylation of DNA"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Increase the polymerization of tubulin Tasaneso Pacliiaxel and docetaxei function as a mitotic spindle poison through high affinity' binding to microtubules with enhancement of tubulin polymerization.o The microtubules are stabilized and their depolymerization is prevented - inhibition of mitosis and ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Severe painful sensorimotor and autonomic neuropathy along with alopecia may suggest poisoning with: | [
"Thallium",
"Arsenic",
"Lead",
"Copper"
] | A | Severe painful sensorimotor and autonomic neuropathy along with alopecia--thallium Severe painful sensorimotor neuropathy / GI disturbance and Mee's lines--arsenic Wrist or finger extensor weakness / anemia and basophilic stippling of red blood cells--lead Ref: Harrison, Edition-18, Page-3450. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Chickenpox -a) Is commonly seen in a congenital formb) May be severe in a newborn child infected by the mother in late pregnancyc) Affects the limbs more than the trunkd) May cause pneumonitise) Should be treated by intravenous vidarabine when there is evidence of hepatitis | [
"c",
"bd",
"ab",
"ac"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Tyndallisation is a method of - | [
"Growing bac teria in pure culture",
"Sterilization",
"Inoculation of media",
"Preserving cultures"
] | B | A single exposure of 90 minutes usually ensures sterilization but for media containing sugars or gelatin, an exposure of 100-degree Celsius for 20 minutes on 3 successive days is used. This is known as tyndallisation or intermittent sterilization REF:Ananthanarayan and Panicker's Textbook ofMicrobiology 8thEdition pg n... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Movement and eventual equilibrium of Na+, K+and Cl- across the muscle membrane would develop a potential of: | [
"- 94 mV",
"- 89 mV",
"+ 61 mV",
"- 86 mV"
] | D | The question is for skeletal muscle; RMP = - 90 mV. When Na+, K+and Cl- are considered to diffuse together and reach equilibrium, the membrane potential at which all of them reach equilibrium can be calculated by Goldman's constant field equation. The equation takes into account the concentration gradients of the respe... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 45-year-old man presents with two painless beefy red ulcers in the inguinal region, a biopsy and Giemsa stain reveal Donovan bodies, these findings are most consistent with? SELECT ONE | [
"Behcet's syndrome",
"Glomus tumor",
"Renal agenesis",
"Granuloma inguinale"
] | D | Granuloma inguinale is a lesion related to a contagious, sexually transmitted disease. Identification of Donovan bodies in tissue prepared with Giemsa stain establishes the diagnosis. Treatment is with tetracycline. | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is the COMMONEST cause of primary amenorrhea with ambiguous genitalia in a female with 46XX chromosome? | [
"21 hydroxylase def",
"17 hydroxylase def",
"11 hydroxylase def",
"Desmolase hydrolase def"
] | A | 21 hydroxylase deficiency is the most common cause of androgenization in chromosomal 46 XX females. In this condition there is a block in the synthesis of glucocoicoid and mineralocoicoid and increase in the level of 17 hydroxyprogesterone. Increased androgen synthesis in utero causes androgenization of the female fetu... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Expulsive choroidal haemorrhage is caused by rupture of: | [
"Retinal vessels",
"Sho posterior ciliary aeries",
"The choriocapillaris",
"Long posterior ciliary aeries"
] | B | Ans. Sho posterior ciliary aeries | train | med_mcqa | null |
Protein A of staph aureus is part of bacterial? | [
"Genome",
"Cell wall",
"Limiting membrane",
"Plasmid"
] | B | ANSWER: (B) Cell wallREF: Jawetz Microbiology, 24th Ed, Ch. 20Protein A is a cell wall component of many S aureus strains that binds to the Fc portion of IgG molecules except IgG3. The Fab portion of IgG bound to protein A is free to combine with a specific antigen. Protein A has become an important reagent in immunolo... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Chassarmoir surgery is done in | [
"Uterine inversion",
"Vesicovaginal fistula repair",
"Ureterovesical fistula repair",
"Retroveed uterus"
] | B | Chassarmoir technique Used for repair of vesicovaginal Fistula Technique: Flap splitting method Bladder and vaginal are widely separated and sutured in two layers Ref: SHAW&;S TEXTBOOK OF GYNECOLOGY; 15th edition; Pg no:187 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Guy's aprosexia is seen in - | [
"Chronic laryngitis",
"Chronic adenoiditis",
"Allergic rhinitis",
"Acute tonsillitis"
] | B | Adenoiditis is an inflammation of the adenoids caused by infection.
Adenoids are masses of lymphatic tissue that help the body fight infection.
Adenoids are found in the throat, also called the pharynx, just behind the nose.
Along with the tonsils, adenoids are the first line of defence against bacteria and viruses. | train | med_mcqa | null |
At present following types of influenza viruses are circulating in the world, except ? | [
"HIM",
"H3N2",
"H5N,",
"B virus"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., H5N, At present three types of influenza viruses are circulating in the world: A(H/N1), A (H3N2) and B viruses. WHO global surveillance activities have identified human infection with a new influenza virus called A ) in Hong Kong in mid1997. However, the possibility that the outbreak heralded a global... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following structures pass through the greater sciatic foramen, EXCEPT? | [
"Piriformis muscle",
"Pudendal nerve",
"Inferior gluteal vessel",
"Internal pudendal vessel"
] | B | Pudendal nerve courses through the lesser sciatic foramen. Structures passing through the lesser sciatic foramen are:Pudendal nerveInternal pudendal vesselsObturator internus tendonStructures passing through the greater sciatic foramen are:Sciatic nervePiriformis muscleInternal pudendal and inferior gluteal vesselsOthe... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which Vitamin is involved in Redox reactions? | [
"Pyridoxin",
"Biotin",
"Folic acid",
"Riboflavin"
] | D | Riboflavin is involved in redox reactions. Co-enzyme Activity of Riboflavin: Riboflavin exists in tissues tightly bound (but not covalently) with enzymes. Enzymes containing riboflavin are called flavoproteins. The two coenzymes are FMN (flavin mononucleotide) and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) (Fig. 34.4). A. FAD A... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pulled elbow reduced by | [
"Extension of elbow",
"Pronation",
"Supination",
"Flexion"
] | C | Pulled elbow Also called as Nursemaid's elbow Occurs at ages between 6 months to 6 years. Radial head rotates and slips out of annular ligament in children Closed reduction is performed with supination/flexion(Refer: Mohindra's Fundamentals of Ohopedics, 2nd edition, pg no. 87, 496) | train | med_mcqa | null |
A child with nephrotic syndrome following an episode of diarrhoea presented with acute kidney injury with a creatinine of 4.5 . All of the following are possible reasons except? | [
"Renal vein thrombosis",
"Diarroea water deplection",
"Frusemide",
"Steroid induced diabetes"
] | D | Coicosteroids are used to reduce harmful inflammation but can lead to diabetes - often referred to as steroid diabetes. People on steroids who are already at a higher risk of type 2 diabetes or those who need to take steroids for longer periods of time are the most susceptible to developing steroid induced diabetes. Re... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which type of senile cataract is notorious for glaucoma formation – | [
"Incipient cataract",
"Hypermature morgagnian cataract",
"Intumescent cataract",
"Nuclear cataract"
] | C | Both intumescent cataract and hypermature morgagnion cataract can cause glaucoma, although by different mechanism.
Intumescent cataract → causes phacomorphic glaucoma due to swelling of lens.
Hypermature morgagnion cataract → Phacolytic glaucoma due to leakage of soluble lens protein.
However, phacomorphic glaucoma... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Albumin and globulin are classified as: | [
"Conjugate proteins",
"Secondary proteins",
"Simple globular proteins",
"Derived proteins"
] | C | Ans. C. Simple globular proteinsa. Proteins on the basis of solubility and physical properties divided into three classes:b. Simple proteins which on complete hydrolysis yield only amino acids. Ex. Albumins, Histones, Globulins, prolamines, Scleroproteins.c. Conjugate proteins which in addition to amino acids contain a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Both APTT and PT are prolonged in which conditions? | [
"Factor II deficiency",
"Factor XIII deficiency",
"Heparin administration",
"Thrombocytopenia"
] | A | ANSWER: (A) Factor II deficiencyREF: Mastery of Surgery by Josef E. Fischer, K. I. Bland, 5th edition Part I page 90, Saint-Frances guide: clinical clerkship in outpatient medicine. Page 434 8; 235, Harrison 17th ed table 59-4See APPENDIX-50 below for "BLE EDIN G/C O AG U L ATI ON DISORDERS" and APPROACH TO A PATIENT W... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Asteroid bodies and cigar shaped globi may be produced by-a) Sporothrixb) Sporotrichosisc) Phialophorad) Aspergillus | [
"ac",
"a",
"ab",
"bc"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following follow transport maximum | [
"Na+",
"Glucose",
"K+",
"Urea"
] | B | i.e. (Glucose) : (331-Guyton 11th) (534-35-AK-Jain 4th)The overall transport maximum for the kidney, which is normally about 375 mg/min is reached when all nephrons have reached their maximal capacity to reabsorb glucoseTransport maximum for substances that are actively ReabsorbedSubstancesTransport MaximumGlucose375 m... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hydatidiform mole | [
"Is associated with molar pregnancy",
"Recurrence is 2%",
"Snow storm appearance on USG",
"All the above"
] | D | (D) All of the above # Unless specified, MOLAR PREGNANCY relates one with complete mole. It is an abnormal condition of the proliferative changes in the young chorionic villi. These result in the formation of clusters of small cysts of varying sizes. Because of its superficial resemblance to hydatid cyst, it is named a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A normal-anion-gap metabolic acidosis occurs in patients with - | [
"Diarrhoea",
"Diabetic ketoacidosis",
"Methyl alcohol poisoning",
"Acute renal failure"
] | A | Causes of Non-Anion Gap Acidosis
I Gastrointestinal bicarbonate loss
Diarrhea
External pancreatic or small-bowel drainage
Ureterosigmoidostomy, jejunal loop, ileal loop
Drugs
1. Calcium chloride (acidifying agent)
Magnesium sulfate (diarrhea)
Cholestyramine (bile acid diarrhea)
II. Renal acidosis
A. Hypokalemia
... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Eruption of Deciduous Mandibular 1st molar occur at | [
"8-9 months",
"19-21 months",
"19-20 months",
"12-14 months"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Molar-incisor hypoplasia in primary teeth at the occlusal level is due to developmental defect occurring during? | [
"Birth to 12 months",
"4th month intra-uterine to birth",
"22 months to 26 months",
"24 months to 48 months"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Presence of spiral grooves in the barrel of weapon is referred to as - | [
"Rifling",
"Incendiary",
"Cocking",
"None of the above"
] | A | The synopsis of forensic medicine & toxicology ; Dr k.s narayan reddy ; 28th edition ; pg.no 123 & 124 The bore is cut internally with number of shallow ,spiral " grooves" varying from two to more than twenty ,the most common being six ,which run parallel to each other but twisted spirally ,from breech to muzzle . The ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Spigelian hernia is a type of hernia occurring at: | [
"Medial border of rectus abdominis",
"Lateral border of rectus abdominis",
"Lumbar region",
"Femoral canal"
] | B | Hernia through Spigelian fascia. Located at Infra umbilical region (below arcuate line) | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is the advantage of crown down technique: | [
"Zipping is less.",
"Working length is less likely to change.",
"Better penetration of irrigants.",
"All of the above."
] | D | Crown-down technique/step back = telescoping technique:
Coronal 2/3rd preparation with 15, 20, 25 H file GG drill to flare.
Apical segment preparation with 10, 15 no. file coronal segment.
Advantages: ZIPPING is less, working length less likely to change, better penetration of irrigant. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are secreted in the stomach except? | [
"Secretin",
"Hcl",
"Intrinsic factor",
"Mucous"
] | A | Gastrin produced by G cells in the pyloric gland is absorbed into the blood and carried to the oxyntic glands where it stimulates the parietal cells strongly to secrete hcl. And secretin is synthesized and secreted by S cells of duodenum (GANONG'S REVIEW OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY) | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are Responsibilities of ASHA except | [
"Immunisation",
"Primary medical care for minor ailments",
"Contraception conselling",
"Delivery at home"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug of choice for treatment of malignant hyperthermia - | [
"Dantrolene sodium",
"Potassium chloride",
"Atropine",
"Corticosteroids"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Dantrolene sodium o I. V dantroline is the DOC, it acts by preventing the release of calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulumo Others are for supportive treatment - oxygen, cooling, and insulin & dextrose are given for hyperkalemia due to potassium release from contracted muscle. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pre-renal azotemia is associated with one of the following characteristic feature - | [
"Urinary Na+ < 10 mmol/L",
"Renal failure index > 1",
"Osmolality < 500",
"Urinary creatinine/P. creatinine ratio < 20"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ectopic tissue in stomach is of the origin of | [
"Spleen",
"Pancreas",
"Liver",
"Kidney"
] | B | Pancreatic tissue outside boundaries of the pancreas without anatomic or vascular connections to the pancreas, Also called ectopic pancreas. Ectopic pancreas can be found in submucosa of stomach, duodenum or small intestine, gallbladder, spleen Reference Bailey and love&;s edition 24 page no .1120 | train | med_mcqa | null |
What type of occlusion is given in functional implant? | [
"Lingualised occlusion",
"Buccal occlusion",
"Canine guided occlusion",
"None"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Substrate-level phosphorylation seen in reaction catalysed in | [
"Succinate dehydrogenase",
"Alfa-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase",
"Succinyl CoA thiokinase",
"Malate dehydrogenase"
] | C | 5th Step of TAC CYCLE: Generation of Succinate The next reaction involves a substrate level phosphorylation whereby a high energy phosphate is generated from the energy trapped in the thioester bond of succinyl CoA. The enzyme is succinate thiokinase (step 5, Fig.18.2). A molecule of GDP is phosphorylated to GTP and su... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A full-term baby boy is delivered after an uneventful pregnancy, and is well for the first 2 years of his life. He receives all his immunizations without any complications. Staing around his 2nd bihday, the mother begins to note frequent upper respiratory tract infections, and the child is hospitalized three times for ... | [
"IgA",
"IgD",
"IgG",
"IgM"
] | A | Selective IgA deficiency ( IgD has not been given any paicular function other than to act as a receptor on the B cell. It can be found in very low levels in serum. IgG is the major immunoglobulin found in the humoral immune response. A patient with a low IgG will experience pyogenic infections. IgM is found in the earl... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The major initiating response for peristalsis is | [
"Hormonal",
"Local stretching of gut",
"Neural",
"Gastric acid"
] | B | The major initiating response for peristalsis is local stretching of the gut. Peristalsis is a reflex that is initiated when the gut wall is stretched by the contents of the lumen. It occurs in all pas of the gastrointestinal tract from the esophagus to the rectum. The stretch initiates a circular contraction behind th... | train | med_mcqa | null |
An i.v. bolus dose of thiopentone leads to loss of consciousness within10-15 sec. The patient regains consciousness in just a few minutes. This is because it is: | [
"Renally excreted",
"Exhaled rapidly",
"Rapidly metabolised by hepatic enzymes",
"Redistributed from brain to other body tissues"
] | D | Thiopentone - is highly lipid soluble agent - it first reach the highly perfused organs like brain - Therefore, onset of action of these agents is very quick. However, action also terminates quickly because of redistribution to less well perfused tissues like fat and muscle. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Clonorches sinenensis is- | [
"Tapeworm",
"Roundworm",
"Threadworm",
"Fluke"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., FlukeTrematodes (fluke)o These are flat, leaf like helminths.o They can be classified depending on their site of localization in human tissues.Blood flukesVesical venous plexus: Schistosoma hematobium.Rectal venous plexus & portal venous system : S mansoni (inferior mesentric vein), S japonicum (super... | train | med_mcqa | null |
'Fracture-ala signature' or signature fracture is - | [
"Gutter fracture & Contre copup injury",
"Depressed fracture of skull",
"Ring fracture at foramen magnum",
"Sutural separation"
] | B | The synopsis of forensic medicine &toxicology Dr k.s narayan reddy ;28th edition; pg.no. 140 . Depressed fractures produced by local deformation of skull ,caused by a heavy weapon with small striking surface. These are also called FRACTURE A LA SIGNATURE (SIGNATURE FRACTURE) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following drugs is not used in opioid dependence? | [
"Disulfiram",
"Clonidine",
"Lorazepam",
"Naltrexone"
] | A | Treatment of opioid dependence
1) Detoxification (treatment of withdrawal syndrome)
Methadone is the DOC
Alternatives:- Buprenorphine, LAAM, clonidine, clonidine with naltrexone with or without benzodiazepines (Lorazepam, oxazepam), Lofexidine, Dextropropoxyphene, diphenoxylate.
2) Maintenance (to prevent relaps... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Sandifer syndrome due to GERD in infants is confused with __________ | [
"Seizures",
"Recurrent vomiting",
"Acute otitis media",
"Sinusitis"
] | A | Infants with GERD presents with anorexia, dysphagia, arching of back during feedings, irritability, hematemesis, anaemia, failure to thrive.other symptoms are chest pain, recurrent pneumonia apnoea, wheezing, stridor, hoarseness, cough, abnormal neck posturing(Sandifer syndrome) Sandifer syndrome is most commonly mista... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Inversion and eversion of foot occur at which joint | [
"Subtalar",
"Tibiotalar",
"Inferior tibiofibular",
"Ankle"
] | A | Joint Movement Subtalar joint Inversion and Eversion of foot Ankle joint hinge - like dorsiflexion & plantar flexion of foot on leg Inferior tibiofibular joint Permits slight movements, so that lateral malleolus can rotate laterally during dorsiflexion of ankle Tibiotalar joint hinge joint contributes to plantar & dors... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Contributory negligence is by the pa of: | [
"Doctor",
"Patient",
"Both of the above",
"Paramedics"
] | C | Contributory negligence is defined as a concurrent negligence by the patient and doctor resulting in delayed recovery or harm to the patient. The negligence of both paies has contributed to this harm. Contributory negligence is good defense for the physician in civil cases but not in criminal cases. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Gold standard surgical procedure for prevention of aspiration is - | [
"Thyroplasty",
"Tracheostomy",
"Tracheal division and permanent tracheostomy",
"Feeding gastrostomy jejunostomy"
] | C | Aspiration is the passage of foreign material beyond the vocal cords:
The larynx has 3 distinct functions – respiration, phonation and airway protection. Dysfunction of larynx can lead to aspiration.
The primary goal of treatment of aspiration is to separate the upper digestive tract from the upper respiratory tract f... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Route of administration of BCG for bladder cancer is: | [
"Oral",
"Subcutaneous",
"Intravenous",
"None of the above"
] | D | (Ref: Goodman & Gilman 11/e p1422) Intravesical route is used for BCG in the treatment of bladder carcinoma. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient presents with acute renal failure with normal ultrasound abdomen repo Next most useful investigation is- | [
"Intravenous pyelography",
"DTPA scan",
"Retrograde pyelography",
"X-ray abdomen and CT scan."
] | B | DTPA A renal scan involves the use of radioactive material to examine your kidneys and assess their function. A renal scan is also known as a renal scintigraphy, renal imaging, or a renogram. During this procedure, a technician injects a radioactive material called a radioisotope into your vein. The radioisotope releas... | train | med_mcqa | null |
High inguinal orchidectomy showed tumor involving epididymis.
What is the t stage | [
"T1",
"T2",
"T3",
"T2b"
] | A | T stage | train | med_mcqa | null |
Wavelength of UVB rays is - | [
"290 - 320 nm",
"320 - 360 nm",
"360 - 390 nm",
"390 - 420 nm"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 290 - 320 nm UV rays are used directly to treat skin conditions. It is simply referred to as phototherapy. These may be : ? UVB phototherapy (290-320 nm) Narrow band UVB phototherapy (311 nm) UVA1 phototherapy (360-380 nm) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Propranolol is not used in: | [
"A–V block",
"Hypertension",
"Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy",
"Migraine"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Muscle relaxant of choice in liver disease is ? | [
"Atracurium",
"Pipecuronium",
"Rocuronium",
"Vecuronium"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
MHC II are presented by -a) Macrophageb) Dendritic cellsc) Lymphocytesd) Eosinophilse) Platelets | [
"ab",
"abc",
"acd",
"bcd"
] | B | MHC II is expressed on : - B cells(B lymphocytes), langerhans cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, T cells (T lymphocytes), epithelial cells of thymus. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Amino acid phenylalanine is the precursor of all the following, except: | [
"Tyrosine",
"Epinephrine",
"Thyroxine",
"Melatonin"
] | D | Phenylalanine hydroxylase conves phenylalanine to tyrosine. The amino acid tyrosine is the staing point in the synthesis of the catecholamines and of the thyroid hormones tetra iodothyronine (thyroxine; T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Tyrosine is also conveed into DOPA, dopamine, norepinephrine and finally epinephrine. ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Carney triad consists of.
(A)Gastric carcinoma
(B)Paraganglioma
(C)Pulmonary Chordoma
(D)Carcinoma bronchus
(E)Chondromatosis | [
"DAB",
"CAB",
"ABC",
"EBC"
] | C | Gastric GIST Paraganglioma Pulmonary chondroma
"It describes the coexistence of several neoplasms, mainly in young women, including:
gastric epithelioid leiomyosarcoma (these are now known to actually be malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumours), pulmonary chondroma, and extra-adrenal paraganglioma"
Also Know: “Carne... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which physical sign characterizes mitral stenosis: | [
"Loud first heart sound",
"Soft single second heart sound",
"Third heart sound",
"Pulsatile liver"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Fournier's gangrene affects | [
"Cheek area",
"Perineal area",
"Abdominal wall",
"Toes"
] | B | Ref:Bailey and love 27th edition Pg no :419 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Carboxylases requires - | [
"Vitamin B12",
"Folic acid",
"Niacin",
"Biotin"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Biotin o Biotin is a coenzyme for carbon dioxide fixation reactions.o It serves as prosthetic group of ATP-dependent carboxylase, i.e., in carboxylation reactionQ,o It acts as coenzyme tor acetyl-CoA carboxylaseQ, propionyl-CoA carboxylaseQ, pyruvate carboxylaseQ and metbylcartonyl-CoA carboxylase. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Blood is stored at what temperature: FMGE 10 | [
"4degC",
"-20degC",
"-70degC",
"Room temperature"
] | A | Ans. 4degC | train | med_mcqa | null |
Regarding Hepatitis E true is - | [
"Occurs with Hepatitis B",
"Single stranded DNA virus",
"Occurs along with HIV",
"Moality increased in pregnancy"
] | D | A unique feature is a clinical severity and high case fatality rate of 20-40% in a pregnant woman, especially in the last trimester. REF:ANANTHANARAYAN AND PANIKER'S TEXTBOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY 9TH EDITION PAGE NO-550 | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are used in treatment of Helicobactor pylori, EXCEPT- | [
"Colloid bismuth",
"Cisapride",
"Clarithromycin",
"Metronidazole"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 35-year-old female, a known case of diabetes presented with painless swelling in the neck which moved with deglutition and was irregular and firm in consistency along with constipation, weight gain, hoarseness of voice, oligomenorrhea and mild paresthesias. O/E: - Bradycardia Cold extremitie Non-pitting edema Delayed... | [
"Papillary thyroid carcinoma",
"Follicular thyroid carcinoma",
"Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma",
"Medullary thyroid carcinoma"
] | A | This is a case of Hashimoto's thyroiditis which predisposes the patient to papillary thyroid carcinoma. HPE IMAGE SHOWS: - Extensive infiltration of the thyroid parenchyma Well-developed germinal centers Atrophic thyroid follicles Presence of epithelial cells with abundant eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm (Huhle cells) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Surgically used suture material polydioxanone:- | [
"A non-absorbable and remain encapsulated",
"Undergoes hydrolysis and complete absorption",
"Undergoes phagocytosis and enzymatic degradation",
"Is specifically used for hea valves of synthetic grafts"
] | B | Surgically used suture material polydioxanone undergoes hydrolysis and complete absorption. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The commonest route of transmission of HIV from the mother to the baby is – | [
"Vertical transmission during pregancy",
"During delivery through vagina",
"Breast milk",
"Constant touch and handling"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
If a doctor gives a false medical certificate to a patient, he is liable to be prosecuted under which section of the IPC? | [
"137",
"147",
"167",
"197"
] | D | Ans is 'd' i.e. 197 Section 197 in the Indian Penal Code:Issuing or signing false certificate Whoever issues or signs any certificate required by law to be given or signed, or relating to any fact of which such certificate is by law admissible in evidence, knowing or believing that such certificate is false in any mate... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Delayed dentition is seen in ____________ | [
"Down syndrome",
"Congenital hypothyroidism",
"Rickets",
"All of the above"
] | D | .Abnormalities in tooth eruption (timing and sequence) is often caused by genetics and may result in malocclusion. In severe cases, such as in Down syndrome,congenital hypothyroidism & rickets , the eruption may be delayed by several years and some teeth may never erupt Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not a feature of ASBESTOSIS? | [
"Pseudotumor of lung",
"Pleural plaques",
"Hilar adenopathy",
"Basal fibrosis"
] | C | Ans. c (Hilar adenopathy) (Ref.RRM Radiology, 6th ed., p. 463)ASBESTOSIS: Radiological featuresPleural changesPulmonary changesAsbestos-related Malignancy# Pleural Effusion (21%)# Focal Pleural Plaques (65%)# Pleural Calcification# Bilateral diaphragmatic calcifications with clear costophrenic angles are PATHOGNOMONIC#... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Recall bias most commonly associated with which study design | [
"Case control",
"Coho",
"RCT",
"Field trial"
] | A | Recall bias is caused by differences in the accuracy or completeness of the recollections retrieved by study paicipants regarding events or experiences from the past. (inaccurate recollection) Recall bias seen in retrospective studies like the case-control study. Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 73 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ossicles of middle ear are responsible for which of the following ? | [
"Amplification of sound intensity",
"Reduction of sound intensity",
"Protecting the inner ear",
"Reduction of impedance to sound transmission"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Apa from B cells, and T cells, there is a 3rd distinct type of lymphocyte. This is: | [
"MHC cell",
"NK cell",
"Macrophage",
"Neutrophil"
] | B | Ans. (b) NK cell Ref. Dr Arora 3/e, p 156, p 127; Harrison 17/e, p 2024, 18/e, p 2651 I I I I Bone marrow Thymus Null Plasmacytoid B cell T cells Cells dendritic cells I____________________________ 'I I CD4 T-cell K-cell NK cell LAK cells NK/T cells (NK cells which express CD-3) A small propoion (5%) of lymphocyte that... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pulp space infection painful due to | [
"Dense fibrous septae",
"Small phalynx",
"Rich blood supply",
"Rich nerve supply"
] | A | Pulp space infection (felon)Pulp space infection with pus trapped between the specialized fingeip septae cause intense fingeip painIt may lead to terminal phalangeal bone infection, erosion and sequestrum formation. The last of these will need to be drained and debridedA common differential diagnosis with small vesicle... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.