question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
values | rationale stringlengths 0 22.5k ⌀ | split stringclasses 1
value | dataset stringclasses 6
values | subject stringclasses 1
value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Which of the following features suggesting malignant lesion on mammography? | [
"Round well defined borders",
"Macrocalcifications",
"Microcalcifications",
"Fat content"
] | C | Microcalcifications are suggestive of a malignant lesion. Macrocalcification/ Popcorn calcifications are fibroadenomas which are benign lesions The pattern and shape of microcalcifications can also give radiologists clues about whether cancer may be present. Linear, rod-like calcifications raise suspicion of underlying... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Bradykinin causes | [
"Stimulation of the visceral smooth muscle",
"Stimulation of the vascular smooth muscle",
"Inhibition of the visceral smooth muscIe",
"Inhibition of the vascular smooth muscle"
] | A | They cause contraction of visceral smooth muscle, but they relax vascular smooth muscle NO, lowering blood pressure. Bradykinin is a potent vasodilator. (Ref: Ganong's review of medical physiology 23rd Edition page no.566) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is defined as generalized HIV epidemics ? | [
"Prevalence in pregnant women > 0.5 %",
"Prevalence in a population > 0.5 %",
"Prevalence in pregnant women > 1%",
"Prevalence in a population > 1%"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Prevalence in pregnant women > 1% Low level HIV epidemcsHIV prevalence has not consistently exceeded 5% in any defined sub-population.Concentrated HIV epidemicsHIV prevalence is consistently over 5% in at least one defined sub-population but is below 1% in pregnant women in urban areasGeneralized HIV ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about tumor lysis syndrome -a) Hyperkalemiab) Hypercalcemiac) Lactic acid d) Hyperuricemia | [
"b",
"c",
"ad",
"ab"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Fasciculation are caused by – | [
"Suxamethonium",
"Pancuronium",
"d-TC",
"Vecuronium"
] | A | Fasciculation is characteristic of depolarizing block (sch). | train | med_mcqa | null |
The following is true about endotracheal cuff. It has- | [
"high volume, low pressure",
"Low volume, low pressure",
"High volume, high pressure",
"Equal volume and pressure"
] | A | cuff pressue * Low volume high pressure: # Require inflation to a high pressure to effect a seal with trachea. #The pressure within a low volume cuff does not relate to the pressure exeed by the cuff on the trachea. # However, a high pressure may be exeed on the mucosa if the cuff is overinflated. This may occur inadve... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which organ is involved in Goodpasture syndrome? | [
"Liver",
"Adrenals",
"Kidney",
"Brain"
] | C | Good pasture syndrome Type II Hypersensitivity reaction. Auto Ab against glomerular basement membrane - type IV collagen Affects kidneys & lung causing hematuria & hemoptysis Characterized by linear deposits. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs are related to | [
"Hypocalemia",
"Hypercalcemia",
"Hypokalemia",
"Hyperkalemia"
] | A | Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs are related to hypocalcemia.Chvostek's sign refers to contraction of the ipsilateral facial muscles on percussion of the facial nerve below the zygoma. Trousseau's sign refers to the development of carpopedal spasm secondary to occlusion of the arm (usually with a blood pressure cuff).R... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Treatment of Simple rib fracture includes following EXCEPT | [
"Analgesics",
"Physiotherapy",
"Early ambulation",
"Strapping of chest"
] | D | Ans. d. (Strapping of chest) (Ref Bailey and Love 25th/343)Localised rib fracture due to direct trauma. A simple rib fracture may be serious in elderly people or in those with chronic lung disease who have little pulmonary reserve. Uncomplicated fractures require sufficient analgesia to encourage a normal respiratory p... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In the pulmonary function test shown in the colour palate; green line shows: | [
"COPD",
"Normal lung function",
"Tracheal obstruction",
"Pulmonary fibrosis"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Dukoral is: | [
"Oral cholera vaccine",
"Oral rotavirus vaccine",
"Oral typhoid vaccine",
"Ready to use therapeutic food"
] | A | Dukoral is a monovalent cholera vaccine based on formalin and heat killed whole cells of vibrio cholerae 01 plus recombinant cholera toxin B subunit. Ref: Park 21st edition, page 211. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The most impoant prognostic factor in breast carcinoma is | [
"Histological grade of the tumor",
"Stage of the tumor at the time of diagnosis",
"Status of estrogen and progesterone receptors",
"Over expression of p-53 tumour suppressor gene"
] | B | Stage I and II has got better prognosis. Spread to axillary nodes is the most impoant prognostic indicator. Age: Younger the age worser the prognosis. Sex: Carcinoma male breast has got worser prognosis compared to female breast. Because of early spread in carcinoma male breast. Atrophic scirrhous has got best prognosi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is the most pulsatile tumor found in external auditory meatus which bleeds on touch? | [
"Squamous cell ca of pinna",
"Basal cell ca",
"Adenoma",
"Glomus tumor"
] | D | Glomus tumor is the neoplasm of middle ear, it may perforate the tympanic membrane and appears as a polypus in the external auditory meatus which bleeds profusely if touched. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Stage 2B nasopharyngeal angiofibroma best treated with - | [
"Surgery",
"Chemotherapy",
"Radiotherapy",
"None"
] | A | "In nearly every other circumstance, however, surgery is the treatment of choice". | train | med_mcqa | null |
Neurofibromatosis true all, except aEUR' | [
"Autosomal recessive",
"Associated with cataract",
"Scoliosis",
"Multiple fibroma"
] | A | Autosomal recessive Neurofibromatosis is an inherited disorder It is of two types: ? Neurofibromatosis - Neurofibromatois II Genetics of Neurofibromatosis Both the neurofibromas are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. The genes for them are located on different chromosome - NF-1--) Neurofibrin gene on chromosom... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is the most frequent pulmonary pathogen causing recurrent pneumonia in cystic fibrosis? | [
"Pseudomonas",
"Enterococci",
"Streptococci",
"Klebsiella"
] | A | Cystic fibrosis has a high prevalence of airway colonization with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia. The CF airway epithelial cells or surface liquids provide a orable environment for harbouring these organisms. P. aeruginosa undergo a mucoid transformation in the CF airways-generat... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Alveolitis sicca dolorosa is otherwise known as | [
"Trigeminal neuralgia",
"Sicca Syndrome",
"Dry socket",
"Myospherulosis"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Choroidal vascularization is seen in ? | [
"Myopia",
"Hypermetropia",
"Presbyopia",
"Astigmatism"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Myopia Causes of choroidal neovascularization Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD)-most significant Chorioretinal scars Angioid streaks Intraocular inflammation Choroidal rupture (trauma) Chorioretinal dystrophy Pathological myopia | train | med_mcqa | null |
All except one is true regarding Suboccipital triangle | [
"Semispinalis capitis forms roof of suboccipital triangle",
"Rectus capitis posterior major and minor form boundaries of suboccipital triangle",
"Posterior atlantooccipital membrane forms floor of the triangle",
"It contains 3rd part of vertebral artery"
] | B | Rectus capitis posterior minor doesn’t form boundary of suboccipital triangle, even though it is seen in this region. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Oral combined contraceptive pills contain which one of the following sets of hormones? | [
"Ethinyl estradiol, progestogen, and estrone",
"Progestogen and ethinyl estradiol",
"Progestogen and estrone",
"Estrone and ethinyl estradiol"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not a cause of cataract | [
"Diabetes",
"Wilson disease",
"Galactosemia",
"Hypomagnesemia"
] | D | Hypomagnesemia is least likely to cause cataract MISCELLANEOUS CATARACTS Diabetes- Snowflake/ snowstorm cataract Wilson's- Sunflower cataract, chalcosis. Bread crump appearance- Complicated cataract Coicosteroid cause posterior subcapsular cataract.(Note topical steroids cause glaucoma more; systemic cause cataract mor... | train | med_mcqa | null |
On republic day, a camp was organized and people were screened for Hypeension by checking BP and for diabetes by checking their BMI and Blood sugar level, which level of prevention is this? | [
"Primary",
"Primordial",
"Secondary",
"Teiary"
] | C | The screening for a disease comes under secondary prevention. Secondary prevention is done when disease has already staed in the body. It includes doing early diagnosis and treatment. All screening and diagnostic test by default come under Secondary level of prevention. Primary prevention can prevent the disease wherea... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Acetazolamide is | [
"Competitive and reversible carbonic anhydrase inhibitor",
"Non-competitive and reversible carbonic anhydrase inhibitor",
"Competitive and irreversible carbonic anhydrase inhibitor",
"Non-competitive and irreversible carbonic anhydrase inhibitor"
] | B | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor act by non-competitive but reversible inhibition of the enzyme. Examples include acetazolamide,dorazolamide and brinzolamide. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Keratin 5 and 14 are produced in which layer | [
"stratum corneum",
"stratum granulosum",
"stratum spinosum",
"stratum basale"
] | D | Stratum Basale It has mitotically active cuboidal cells from which the upper layers of the epidermis are derived. Attached to dermis by hemidesmosomes. Keratins 5 and 14 produced here. Cellular proliferation stimulated by various factors, including trauma and UV (|ornithine decarboxylase expression is associated with (... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is a long acting beta 2 agonist : | [
"Salbutamol",
"Salmeterol",
"Terbutaline",
"Levalbuterol"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Painful arc syndrome is caused by impingement of - | [
"Sub acromial bursa",
"Sub deltoid bursa",
"Rotator cuff tendon",
"Biceps tendon"
] | C | Rotator cuff impingement syndrome is a painful disorder which is thought to arise from repetitive compression or rubbing of the tendons (mainly supraspinatus) under the coracoacromial arch. Normally, when the arm is abducted, the conjoint tendon slides under the coracoacromial arch. As abduction approaches 90 degrees, ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Klumpkey&;s paralysis affect | [
"C5 C6",
"C6 C7",
"C8 T1",
"C4 C5"
] | C | KLUMPKEY'S PARALYSIS:- Lower plexus injury.Caused by undue abduction of the arm as in clutching something with hand after a fall from a height, or sometimes in bih injury. NERVE ROOTS INVOLVED: C8 and T1 nerve roots involved. MUSCLES PARALYSED: Intrinsic muscles of the hand{T1} Ulnar flexors of the wrist and fingers. D... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following are not associated with Wilm's tumor | [
"Aniridia",
"genitourinary abnormalities",
"Cataract",
"Hemihyperophy"
] | C | WT1 is the best characterised Wilms tumor gene.It is located at chromosome 11p13 and encodes for a transcription factor that is critical for normal development of kidneys & gonads.WT2 is localised to a cluster of genes at 11p15.Children with some genetic syndromes are predisposed to developing Wilms tumor.These include... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Impotence is a feature of which of the following : | [
"Multiple sclerosis",
"Poliomyelitis",
"Amyotropic lateral sclerosis",
"Meningitis"
] | A | Answer is A (Multiple sclerosis): Multiple sclerosis is associated with erectile dy.slitnction or impotence. Neurological disorders associated with Erectile dysfunction include: Spinal cord injury Multiple sclerosis Peripheral neuropathy | train | med_mcqa | null |
Normal filtration fraction is around: | [
"0.05",
"0.1",
"0.2",
"None of the above"
] | C | The ratio of the GFR to the RPF, the filtration fraction, is normally 0.16 to 0.20. The GFR varies less than the RPF. When there is a fall in systemic blood pressure, the GFR falls less than the RPF because of efferent aeriolar constriction, and consequently the filtration fraction rises. Ref: Ganong's Review of Medica... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Free radicals are chemical species which have | [
"Single unpaired electron in an outer orbit",
"Single paired electron in an outer orbit",
"Double unpaired electron in an outer orbit",
"Double paired electron in an outer orbit"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about polio : | [
"Paralytic polio is most common",
"Spastic paralysis",
"Increased muscular activity leads to increased paralysis",
"Polio drop given only in <3 year"
] | C | increased muscular activity increases the risk of paralytic polio The incubation period of poliovirus from contact to initial clinical symptoms is usually considered to be 8-12 days with a range of 5-35 days. Poliovirus infection may follow one of the several courses: (i) Inapparent infection It occurs in 80-95% of cas... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Malignancy associated hypercalcemia is due to? | [
"Tumor lysis syndrome",
"Parathyroid related peptide",
"IL-7",
"IGF-b"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Parathyroid related peptide * Hypercalcemia is the most common paraneoplastic syndrome. Most commonly it is caused by parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHRP), followed by TNF-a, IL-1, and TGF. Lymphomas cause hypercalcemia due to secretion of 1, 25 dihydroxy vitamin D (Calcitriol). | train | med_mcqa | null |
Following complications occurs commonly in Colle's fracture EXCEPT: March 2003 | [
"Malunion",
"Shoulder stiffness",
"Carpal tunnel syndrome",
"Delayed union"
] | D | Ans. D i.e. Delayed union | train | med_mcqa | null |
Late onset hemorrhagic disease of newborn is chaacterized by all of the following features except | [
"Usually occurs in cow - milk fed babies",
"Onset occurs at 4-12 week of age",
"Intracranial hemorrhage can occur",
"Intramuscular vitamin K prophylaxis at bih has a protective role"
] | A | Late onset hemorrhagic disease of newborn is common among breastfed babies. Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition | train | med_mcqa | null |
CLL is characterized by? | [
"Small lymphocytes in peripheral smear",
"Seen commonly in age >50 years persons",
"Hepatosplenomegaly",
"All the above"
] | D | ANSWER: (D) All the aboveREF: Harrison's 17th ed p. 693, Wintrobes 9th ed. 1976CLL is disorder of older patients with 90% of cases occurring after the age of 50 years and median age is 65 yrs.Found incidentallyHallmark is absolute lymphocytosisMost are found to have an isolated peripheral blood lymphocytosis during a r... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Quinidine exes its action on the hea by | [
"Ca2+ channel blockade",
"Na+ channel blockade",
"K+ channel opening",
"Cl- channel opening"
] | B | It is d-isomer quinidine is used as an antiarrhythmic drug. Quinidine blocks myocardial Na channels. Class 1a group of drugs- quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide Ib: Lidocaine, phenytoin Ic-encainide, flecainide Ref: KD tripathi 8th ed. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Linea alba is | [
"A type of frictional hyperkeratosis that appears as a linear white line in buccal mucosa.",
"Usually present as ulcers",
"Traumatic implantation of amalgam particles into mucosa.",
"Caused by a chemical in tobacco smoke that stimulates melanin production."
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Athletic syndrome is characterized by - | [
"Increased amplitude of QRS",
"Tachycardia",
"Decreased QT interval",
"U-waves"
] | A | increased amplitude of QRS complex is a feature of athletes hea they have bradycardia decreased QT interval and U waves are not seen Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1435 | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following statements regarding volume of distribution are true except: | [
"Half life is usually propoional to Vd",
"Calculated by t1/2 multiplied by log2",
"Skeletal muscle relaxants have low Vd",
"High plasma protein bound drugs have low Vd"
] | B | Vd = Amount of drug given / Plasma concentration . So, option 'B' is wrong.t1/2 = (0.693 * Vd ) / Clearance * So, Half life is directly propoional to volume of distribution. * Skeletal muscle relaxants have low Vd so that they can't go to brain etc. * High plasma protein bound drugs are less distributed so less volume ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Maximum equilibrium potential is for - | [
"Na+",
"K+",
"Cl-",
"None"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., K+ | train | med_mcqa | null |
Previous ectopic pregnancy is a contraindication for | [
"Copper containing IUD",
"Depot medroxy progesterone acetate",
"Levonorgestrel- releasing IUS",
"Progestin containing subdermal implant"
] | C | LNG-IUS is considered to be contraindicated in women with history of previous ectopic pregnancy. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 2-year-old female child was brought to a PHC with a history of cough and fever for 4 days with inability to drink for last 12 hours. On examination, the child was having weight of 5 kg and respiratory rate of 45/minute with fever. The child will be classified as suffering from | [
"Pneumonia",
"Severe Pneumonia",
"Very severe disease",
"No Pneumonia"
] | C | • Inability to feed and severe malnutrition (weight 5 kg at 2 years age) makes the child as having Very Severe Pneumonia | train | med_mcqa | null |
A fracture of the mandible in the canine region in a 6 year old child should be managed by | [
"Cap splint fixation",
"Intermaxillary fixation",
"Risdon wiring",
"Transosseous wiring"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Counter current mechanism, all are true except | [
"Occurs due to opp flow in vasa recta and loop of henle",
"Seen in medullary nephron",
"Helps in creating osmolarity gradient",
"Urea has no role"
] | D | Countercurrent mechanism, a system in the renal medulla that facilitates concentration of the urine as it passes through the renal tubules, were medullary osmolarity created by urea.Ref: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology; 24th edition; page no; 687 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Osteomalcia is adverse effect of: | [
"Primidone",
"Phenytoin",
"Carbamazepine",
"Valproic acid"
] | B | Phenytoin produces osteomalacia, hypocalcaemia- due to altered metabolism of vitamin D and inhibition of intestinal absorption of calcium. Phenytoin also reduces target tissue sensitivity to vitamin D. Osteomalacia is the softening of the bones caused by impaired bone metabolism primarily due to inadequate levels of av... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ringed Sideroblasts are seen in - | [
"Iron deficiency anemia",
"Myelodysplastic syndrone",
"Thalassemia",
"Anemia of chronic disease"
] | B | Sideroblastic anemia can be hereditary (due to decreased ALA synthase activity) or acquired (secondary to leukemias, myelodysplastic syndrome, alcoholism, copper deficiency, pyridoxine deficiency or lead poisoning). | train | med_mcqa | null |
Incidence rate of lung cancer among smokers is 8 per 1000 and among non smokers is 1 per 1000. Population attibutable risk is - | [
"89%",
"95%",
"10%",
"100%"
] | A | It is the incidence of the disease in the total population minus the incidence of disease among those who were not exposed to the suspected causal factor. The concept of population attributable risk is useful in that it provides an estimate of the amount by which the disease could be eliminated or modified (refer pgno:... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The pa of the broad ligament giving attachment and suppo to the uterine tube is the: | [
"Mesometrium",
"Mesovarium",
"Mesosalpinx",
"Round ligament"
] | C | The mesosalpinx is the pa of broad ligament that suppos the uterine tube. The mesosalpinx extends inferiorly to meet the root of the mesovarium; it attaches the uterine tube to the mesometrium. The mesometrium is the pa of the broad ligament below the junction of the mesosalpinx and the mesovarium; it attaches the body... | train | med_mcqa | null |
IPC code related to infanticide ? | [
"302",
"312",
"317",
"318"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e.,302Infanticide refers to killing a child after delivery, to till 1 year after bih.Infanticide in India is considered equivalent to murder and is tried under section 302 IPC. Law considers every child as born dead and therefore in a case of infanticide, it has to be proved that the child was born alive ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Primary prevention of obesity - | [
"Low fiber diet",
"High fiber diet",
"High cholesterol diet",
"High intake of protein"
] | B | Fiber content in the diet should be increased through the consumption of common unrefined food, it decreases the absorption of carbohydrate . Ref-Park&;s textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 24th edition. . | train | med_mcqa | null |
An unknown patients presents with his pyrexia, constricted pupils, hypotesion, cyanosis and stupor progressing to coma. Poisoning is due to: | [
"Phenobarbitone",
"Cannabis",
"Dhatura",
"Diphenhydramine"
] | A | A i.e. Phenobarbitone Among the given four options, only Phenobarbitone (Barbiturate)Q can cause constricted pupils. | train | med_mcqa | null |
True statement regarding covalent bonds is | [
"Electrons have same spin",
"Electrons have opposite spin",
"They are weak bonds",
"None of the above"
] | B | Covalent bonds are the strongest bonds and are formed by sharing of a pair of electrons between adjacent atoms.
The two electrons of pair have opposite spin. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Maximum damage to DNA is caused by: | [
"a-rays",
"13-rays",
"7-rays",
"8-rays and UV rays"
] | A | A i.e. a-raysMaximum damage to DNA is caused by a- RaysQ. RadiationContentPenetrating Power Poorest-Q (1)Ionizing PowerMaximumQDamaging PowerMost damagingu-paicleHelium nuclei (i.e. 2 protons & 2neutrons)b-paicleEither high energy electron orantimatter counter pa positronGreater than a-paicle (100)Lesser than a-paicle<... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Medusahead appearance on agar plates is characteristic of | [
"Hemophilus",
"Pneumococcus",
"Bacillus",
"Yersinia"
] | C | When grown on blood agar plates, Bacillus anthracis produce nonhemolytic grey to white, tenacious colonies with a rough texture and a ground-glass appearance. Comma-shaped outgrowths (Medusa head, "curled hair") may project from the colony.Jawetz 27e pg: 180 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Best predictor for coronary aery disease aEUR' | [
"HDL",
"LDL",
"VLDL",
"Chylomicron"
] | B | LDL ???? Elevated LDL cholesterol and decreased HDL cholesterol are independent predictors of coronary hea disease. - Although there is consensus regarding the benefits of lowering LDL cholesterol the value of elevating HDL cholesterol remains controversial. Low HDL and coronary risk High serum HDL cholesterol is assoc... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following hormones stimulates increased testosterone production by ovaries in PCOD | [
"Estrogen",
"Luteinizing Hormone",
"Follicle - stimulating Hormone",
"Inhibin"
] | B | Lutenizing hormone and insulin stimulate increased testosterone production by ovaries in PCOD. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Acidic propey to a-carbon of amino acid is due to | [
"Carboxyl group",
"Amino group",
"Hydrogen atom",
"None"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Carboxyl groupThe acid base propeies of amino acids depend on the amino and carboxyl groups attached to the a-carbon.The carboxyl (-COOH) group of an amino acid can donate protein (H') and behave as an acid forming a negatively charged anion (C00-).Amino group (-NH) can accept proton (H') and behave a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A young female on antidepressants presents to the emergency with altered sensorium and hypotension. ECG reveals wide QRS complexes and right axis detion. What is the next best step? | [
"Sodium bicarbonate",
"Hemodialysis",
"Fomepizole",
"Flumazenil"
] | A | This patient was most likely on Tricyclic antidepressants and it appears to be a case of Tricyclic antidepressants overdosage as the patient is experiencing arrhythmias, hypotension and has also developed altered sensorium. The mainstay of treatment in TCA induced cardio toxicity is intravenous sodium bicarbonate. It i... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Metacarpophalangeal joints are most commonly affected in: March 2005 | [
"Osteoahritis",
"Psoriatic ahritis",
"Rheumatoid ahritis",
"Rheumatic fever"
] | C | Ans. C: Rheumatoid Ahritis RA is characterized by diffuse cailage loss and erosion of bone and cailage. It stas in the synol membrane, with the initial processes of edema, neovascularization, and hyperplasia of the synol lining. Proliferation of synoviocytes and macrophages causes thickening of the synol lining and, to... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Dose of Rabies immunoglobulin is? | [
"10 IU/Kg body weight",
"15 IU/kg body weight",
"20 IU/kg body weight",
"25 IU/kg body weight"
] | C | Anti rabies serum is given in class III bites (Single or multiple transdermal bites or scratches, licks on broken skin, Contamination of mucous membranes with aalvia, exposure to bats)
It is found to prolong the incubation period.
Passive immunization in rabies may be given by :
Horse Anti-rabies serum : 40 IU/kg body ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In a patient presenting with diarrhoea due to vibrio cholera, which of the following will be present ? | [
"Abdominal pain",
"Presence of leukocytes in stool",
"Fever",
"Neutrophilia"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Neutrophilia On laboratory evaluation there will be : Mild neutrophilic leukocytosis (neutrophilia) Elevated hematocrit Elevated BUN and creatinine Normal sodium, potassium and chloride levels. Markedly reduced bicorbonate level Elevated anion gap Acidosis (Low pH) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pneumatosis intestinalis is diagnostic of - | [
"Ileal perforation",
"Necrotizing enterocolitis",
"Meconium ileus",
"Colonic aganglionosis"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Venous spread in carcinoma rectum reaches to the following structure | [
"Spleen",
"Kidney",
"Liver",
"Duodenum"
] | C | Venous invasion has been considered a poor prognostic factor in rectal cancer for over half a century. This term has evolved in recent years and now applies specifically to tumor invasion into extramural veins - extramural venous invasion. This distinction from intramural venous invasion is impoant as it is more clinic... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In multiple myeloma there is proliferation of - | [
"Plasma cells",
"Basophils",
"Eosinophils",
"Neutrophils"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Plasma cells Multiple myelomao Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell neoplasm characterized by involvement of the skeleton at multiple sites,o Plasma cells proliferate abnormally and the proliferated plasma cells infiltrate various organs, particularly bone marrow, but can also spread to lymph nodes and e... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Following are the various causes of edema except: | [
"Increase in hydrostatic pressure",
"Decreased colloid osmotic pressure",
"Due to lymphatic obstruction",
"Decrease in intravascular pressure"
] | D | Approximately 60% of lean body weight is water, two-thirds of which is intracellular. Most of the remaining water is found in extracellular compartments in the form of interstitial fluid; only 5% of the body’s water is in blood plasma. As noted earlier, edema is an accumulation of interstitial fluid within tissues.
... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is the causative organism for Baholin's cyst? | [
"Candida",
"Anaerobes",
"Neisseria gonorrhoeae",
"Trichomonas"
] | C | Ducts of Baholin's gland are lined with transitional epithelium and their obstruction secondary to inflammation may lead to the development of a Baholin's cyst or abscess. Infections are often polymicrobial; sexually transmitted Neisseria gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis are often implicated. Abscesses usually present as... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pseudoparalysis in an infant is suggestive of ? | [
"Acute Rheumatic fever",
"Vitamin B6 deficiency",
"Vitamin E deficiency",
"Vitamin C deficiency"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Vit C deficiencyPseudoparalysis o A voluntary restriction of motion because of pain, incordination or other cause, but not due to actual muscular paralysis.Causes of pseudoparalysisScurvy (vitamin C deficiency) o OsteomyelitisSeptic (ahritis) o Congenital syphilis | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is the net amount of ATP's formed in aerobic glycolysis? | [
"5",
"8",
"10",
"15"
] | B | During aerobic glycolysis the number of net ATPs formed are 8. Steps involved in the formation of ATP during glycolysis are: Conversion of 2 molecules of glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate to 1,3 bisphoglycerate release 2 molecules of NADH which yield 6 ATP. Conversion of 2 molecules of 1,3 BPG to 3 phosphoglycerate yield 2 AT... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not a diarthrosis - | [
"Elbow joint",
"Interphalangeal joint",
"Skull sutures",
"Hip joint"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Skull sutures Functional classification of joints (movement)o Joints can also be classified functionally according to the type and degree of movement they allow:Synarthrosis - Permits little or no mobility. Most synarthrosis joints are fibrous joints (e.g., skull sutures).Amphiarthrosis - Permits slig... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following symptoms are related to
maxillary sinusitis | [
"Tenderness over the involved area",
"Post nasal drip",
"Change in phonation",
"All of the above"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
The mother of a 6-month-old infant is concerned that her baby may be teething. You explain to her that the first teeth to erupt in most children are which of the following? | [
"Mandibular central incisors",
"Maxillary lateral incisors",
"Maxillary first molars",
"Mandibular cuspids (canines)"
] | A | In general, mandibular teeth erupt before maxillary teeth; teeth tend to erupt in girls before they do in boys. The first teeth to erupt usually are the mandibular central incisors at 5 to 7 months, followed by the maxillary central incisors at 6 to 8 months. Lateral incisors (mandibular then maxillary) erupt next at 7... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Epidural anaesthesia decrease risk of – a) Headacheb) Hypotensionc) Meningitisd) Arachnoiditis | [
"abc",
"ad",
"bc",
"acd"
] | D | As dura is not punctured in epidural anesthesia, chances of postdural puncture headache, meningitis and arachnoiditis are less. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common site of metastasis of choriocarcinoma is: | [
"Lung",
"Liver",
"Vagina",
"Bone"
] | A | FIGO- staging of gestational trophoblastic disease: Stage 1 - disease confined to uterus Stage 2 - disease extending outside the uterus but confined to genital structures (adnexa, vagina, broad ligaments) Stage 3 - disease extending to the lung, with or without known genital tract involvement Stage 4 - disease at other... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The law "Relative frequencies of each gene allele tends to remain constant from generation to generation", was given by: | [
"Henry Sigerist",
"Hardy Weinberg",
"Doug Engelberg",
"Johanna Frank"
] | B | Hardy-Weinberg's law It describes a theoretical situation in which a population is undergoing no evolutionary change It explains that if the evolutionary forces are absent, the population is large and its individuals have random mating Thus each parent produces equal number of gametes Such gametes combine at random and... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In thymoma , all are seen except | [
"Hypogamma globulinemia",
"Hyperalbuminemia",
"Red cell aplasia",
"Myaesthenia gravis"
] | B | Thymoma is the most common Anterior mediastinal mass. Thymomas are seen to be associated with Myasthenia gravis Acquired hypogammaglobulinemia Pure red cell aplasia Grave's ds Pernicious anemia Dennatomyositis-polymyositis Cushing syndrome Ref : Robbins (big) 8/e p636 | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 20-year-old male presents with behavioural disturbances, extrapyramidal symptoms and liver damage. Diagnosis? | [
"Huntington's disease",
"Wilson's disease",
"Parkinson's disease",
"Hemochromatosis"
] | B | Davidson's principles.
In Wilson's disease, the organs more affected are liver, basal ganglia, eyes, kidney, skeleton.
Hepatic disease occurs predominantly in children and early adolescents. Neurological damage caused nasal ganglia syndromes and dementia. | train | med_mcqa | null |
CD4 count refers to | [
"T helper cells",
"B cells",
"Cytotoxic cells",
"Both B And T Cells"
] | A | Helper T-cells → CD4 positive. o Cytotoxic T-cells and suppressor T-cells → CD 8 positive,
Based on function CD4 helper T cells are divided into1. Effector CP4 helper T-cells
Functions are- A.
By TH1 cells
i. Activate macrophages
ii. Delayed hypersensitivity
iii. Cell-mediated immunity
iv. The killing of intracellular... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following nerve has the shaded cutaneous territory | [
"Ulnar",
"Median",
"Radial",
"Posterior interosseous"
] | C | The shaded territory is towards radial aspect of dorsum of hand, thus belonging to radial nerve. CUTANEOUS SUPPLY OF HAND: RADIAL NERVE - Supply 3 1/2 fingers on dorsum of hand excluding nail-beds towards radial side. MEDIAN NERVE - Supply anterior 3 & 1/2 fingers (towards radial side, goes posteriorly and supply nail ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 75-yrs-old woman with diabetes is taking an oral antidiabetic drugs. One day she goes without eating for 18 h. Her serum glucose concentration is 48 mg/dL (hypoglycemic) upon arrival at the emergency depament, where she is deemed to be in critical condition. Which of the following drugs most likely aggravated this fa... | [
"Acarbose",
"Glyburide",
"Metformin",
"Pioglitazone"
] | B | Glyburide Glyburide is a second-generation sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemic. Of the main groups or chemical classes of oral antidiabetic agents, these are the ones typically associated with causing hypoglycemia, whether from overdose or as a rather expected response in some patients, paicularly before meals. Normally car... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are related to plague except ? | [
"Aedes aegypti index",
"Total flea index",
"Burrow index",
"Cheopis index"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Aedes aegypti index Aedes aegypti index is used for yellow fever. In plague, flea indices are used. Flea indices Flea indices are useful measurments of the density of fleas. They are also useful in evaluating the efectiveness of a spraying programme. The following indices are widely used in rat flea s... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Substance dependence could be due to all of the following, EXCEPT: | [
"Personality",
"Peer Pressure",
"Family history of substance abuse",
"Intelligence"
] | D | Intelligence is not a direct factor in predisposing to substance misuse. The factors associated are given below. Biological factors that may contribute to the development of substance-use disorders include interindividual differences in (1) susceptibility to acute psychopharmacologic effects of a given drug; (2) metabo... | train | med_mcqa | null |
According to the embryologist when an embryo is termed as Fetus | [
"9 weeks after feilization",
"10 weeks after feilization",
"12 weeks after LMP",
"12 weeks after feilization"
] | A | After 11 weeks of pregnancy embryo is termed as Fetus i.e., after 9 weeks of feilization Web search | train | med_mcqa | null |
Superimposition technique is used in - | [
"Skull",
"Pelvis",
"Femur",
"Ribs"
] | A | Superimposition technique determines whether the skull is that of a person in a photograph or not. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 34 year old lady on anti hypertensives came with following features. Which of the following drug is likely responsible for this condition | [
"Enalapril",
"Trimetazidine",
"MethylDope",
"Minoxidil"
] | D | Minoxidil is a K+ opener used as antihypertensive, which can lead to hirsutism. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Postoperative examination revealed that the medial border and inferior angle of the left scapula became unusually prominent (projected posteriorly) when the arm was carried forward in the sagittal plane, especially if the patient pushed with outstretched arm against heavy resistance (e.g., a wall). What muscle must hav... | [
"Levator scapulae",
"Pectoralis major",
"Rhomboideus major",
"Serratus anterior"
] | D | Serratus Anterior, innervated by the long thoracic nerve, draws the scapula forward. If it is denervated, there is no muscle to oppose the motion of the trapezius which is elevating and retracting the scapula. The medial border of the scapula falls away from the posterior chest wall and begins to look like an angel's w... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A woman is exposed to multiple sex paners has 5 times increased risk for carcinoma cervix. The attributable risk is - | [
"20%",
"50%",
"80%",
"100%"
] | C | Attributable risk=100 (refer pgno 78 park 23rd edition) | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about spinal cord | [
"In adults spinal cord ends at lower border of L1 veebra",
"In newborn may extend up to L3",
"Cauda equina extends from lumbar veebra to coccyx",
"All of the above"
] | D | *Upto 3rd month of intrauterine life, spinal cord extends throughout the entire length of veebral canal.*Thereafter, the veebral column grows faster than the Spinal cord and the terminal end of Spinal cord gradually shifts to a higher level.*At bih, it ends at level of L3 veebra and in adults, it ends at level of lower... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All the following are true regarding 5th cranial (Trigeminal) nerve except: | [
"Arises from midbrain",
"Innervate muscles of mastication",
"Carries parasympathetic fibres to salivary glands",
"Provides sensory innervation to face"
] | A | (Refer: Richard S. Snell’s Clinical Anatomy by Regions, 9th edition, pg no: 607- 610)
Trigeminal nerve
Mesencephalic nucleus is situated in midbrain, spinal nucleus of trigeminal it extends from pons to C3 segments.
It carries parasympathetic fibres to salivary glands.
Four peripheral parasympathetic ganglia (Ciliary,... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Demyelination is the major feature of Multiple Sclerosis. Which of the following cells forms myelin in the central nervous system? | [
"Astrocytes",
"Ependymal cells",
"Microglia",
"OIigodendrocytes"
] | D | The myelin sheath is formed by oligodendrocytes in CNS and by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The gaps formed between myelin sheath cells along the axons are called nodes of Ranvier. Since the lipid structure of myelin serves as a good insulator, the myelin sheaths increase the rate of propagation... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In which pa of the semi circular canals is Calorie test based on thermal stimulation done? | [
"Lateral",
"Posterior",
"Anterior",
"All of the above"
] | A | Cold or warm water or air is irrigated into the external auditory canal, usually using a syringe. The temperature difference between the body and the injected water creates a convective current in the endolymph of the nearby horizontal semicircular canal. Hot and cold water produce currents in opposite directions and t... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Astigmatism is due to - | [
"Irregularity of curvature of cornea",
"Irregularity of curvature of lens",
"Forward displacement of the lens",
"Backward displacement of lens"
] | A | Astigmatism is a type of refractive error wherein the refraction varies in the different meridia. Consequently, the rays of light entering in the eye cannot converge to a point focus but form focal lines. Broadly, there are two types of astigmatism: regular and irregular Corneal astigmatism is the result of abnormaliti... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The specialized group of mesenchymal cells that aggregate to form blood islands centrally and primitive blood vessels peripherally are called | [
"Fibroblasts",
"Angioblasts",
"Cardiac progenitor cells",
"Myoblasts"
] | B | The angioblasts are the mesenchymal cells that form blood vessels in embryonic development, as well as embryonic blood cells. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following NSAIDs has been approved for use in children? | [
"Indomethacin",
"Ibuprofen",
"Ketorolac",
"Piroxicam"
] | B | Paracetamol and ibuprofen are approved for use in children. PCM lacks anti-inflammatory activity. | train | med_mcqa | null |
In EEG, alpha wave denotes: September 2009 | [
"REM sleep",
"Awake and eye closed and mind wandering",
"Sleep with eyes closed",
"Mental activity"
] | B | Ans. B: Awake and eye closed and mind wandering | train | med_mcqa | null |
Articular surface of condyle is angulated at________ degrees to the plane of occlusion: | [
"15 degrees",
"20 degrees",
"25 degrees",
"30 degrees."
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is the mode of treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of maxillary sinus stage T3N0M0 ? | [
"Maxillectomy",
"Radiotherapy",
"Maxillectomy and Radiotherapy",
"Maxillectomy and Chemotherapy"
] | C | T3/N0/M0 indicates stage III. T3 - Tumor larger than 4 cm or involving facial bones (maxilla, mandible, orbit, or temporal N0 - No evidence of regional lymph node metastasis M0 - No distant metastasis Maxillectomy followed by Radiotherapy is the treatment of choice here. Combination of surgery and radiotherapy gives be... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient with anterior dislocation of the shoulder will most likely give a history of: | [
"duction and internal rotation",
"Adduction and internal rotation",
"Abduction and external rotation",
"Adduction and external rotation"
] | C | Ans is 'c' i.e. Abduction and external rotation Mechanism of injury:Anterior dislocation:Most commonly caused by fall on an outstretched hand with the shoulder abducted and externally rotated.Occasionally by direct force pushing the humerus out of the glenoid cavity.Posterior dislocation:May result from a direct blow o... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about calcium reabsorption in the kidney? | [
"Most of the calcium reabsorption occurs in DCT",
"Major regulating factor is Parathormone",
"Parathormone decreases calcium reabsorption",
"Increased plasma phosphate decreases calcium reabsorption"
] | B | Major regulating factor is parathormone.The primary controller of renal tubular reabsorption is parathormone.It increases calcium reabsorption in Loop of Henle (thick ascending limb) and distal tubules. Most of the calcium (6590) is reabsorbed in PCT. Increased plasma phosphate increases calcium reabsorption. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The advent of refrigeration, that has revolutionized food preservation, has dramatically reduced the incidence of which of the following cancers? | [
"Esophagus",
"Stomach",
"Colon",
"Oropharyngeal malignancies"
] | B | Ans. b. Stomach (Ref: Sabiston 19/e p1204-1206; Schwartz 9/e p928: Bailey 25/e p1067: Schackelford 7/e p774)'The incidence of stomach cancer has decreased dramatically since the early 20th century in countries where refrigeration has replaced other methods of food preservation such as salting, smoking, and pickling. St... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.