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The commonest cause of death in diphtheritic child after few weeks of infection is:
[ "IIIrd nerve palsy", "Myocarditis", "Tonsillitis", "Septicemia" ]
B
Myocarditis and neuropathy are the most common and most serious complications. Deaths from diphtheria occur either from tracheobronchial obstruction by the pseudomembrane acutely or cardiac complications several weeks after the primary infection. Diphtheritic myocarditis is characterized by a rapid, thready pulse; indi...
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All of the following are the risk factors for carcinoma gallbladder except:
[ "Primary sclerosing cholangitis", "Porcelain gallbladder", "Multiple 2 cm gallstones", "Choledochal cyst" ]
C
Risk Factors of Carcinoma Gallbladder Gallstones >3 cm Porcelain gallbladder Anomalous pancreatobiliary junction Choledochal cysts Adenomatous polyps Primary sclerosing cholangitis Obesity Salmonella typhi infection
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Eminectomy is done for treatment of:
[ "TMJ ankylosis", "TMJ dislocation", "Coronoid fracture", "All of the above" ]
B
null
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False about myositis ossificans progressiva (child with heterotopic ossifications) is
[ "Pneumonia is common", "Life longevity is normal", "Most common site involved is the spine", "Onset is before 6 year" ]
B
B i.e. Life longevity is normal
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In delirium tremens all are true, except
[ "Gross tremor", "Seen in alcoholic withdrawl", "Fits may occur", "Orientation clear" ]
D
Orientation clear
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What is the symptom of a person with unilateral abductor paralysis:
[ "Dyspnoea on exeion", "Transient hoarseness", "Husky voice", "Inspiratory stridor" ]
B
Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis (unilateral) - Ipsilateral paralysis of al the intrinsic muscles except the cricothyroid. - Vocal cords in median or paramedian position does not move laterally on deep inspiration. C/F: - May pass undetected as about 1/3rd of the patients are asymptomatic. - Some have change in voic...
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Choose the appropriate lettered structure in this CT scan of the abdomen at the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra. Which structure is divided into the proper hepatic and gastroduodenal arteries?
[ "A", "B", "C", "D" ]
A
(a) The common hepatic artery is divided into the proper hepatic and gastroduodenal arteries.
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"Farmer's Lung" is due to inhalation of-(mmiE as)
[ "Cotton fiber", "Sugarcane fiber", "Hay dust", "Coal dust" ]
C
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Flay dust
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Alpha waves are typically seen in which of the following states(2018)
[ "Deep sleep", "Relaxed awake", "Awake ale", "Highly focused" ]
B
Humans who are awake but at rest with the mind wandering and the eyes closed, the most prominent component of the EEG is a fairly regular pattern of waves at a frequency of 8-13 Hz and amplitude of 50-100 mV when recorded from the scalp. This pattern is the alpha rhythm
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Most common organism causing meningitis in a 1 year old child
[ "Streptococcus pneumoniae", "H. influenza", "Listeria", "Neisseria meningitidIs" ]
A
Streptococcus pneumonia is the most common organism causes meningitis even in the 1 year old child. Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition
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The half-life of Digoxin is
[ "24hours", "40hours", "48hours", "60hours" ]
B
Digoxin is not extensively metabolized in humans; almost two-thirds is excreted unchanged by the kidneys. Its renal clearance is propoional to creatinine clearance, and the half-life is 36-40 hours in patients with normal renal functionReference: Katzung Pharmacology; 13th edition; Chapter 13; Drugs Used in Hea Failure
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A 22-year-old lady died. The postmortem appearance that will indicate that she has had delivered a child are all, except -
[ "Walls of uterus are convex from inside", "Cervix is irregular and external os is patulous", "Body of uterus is twice the length of cervix", "Uterus is bulky, large and heavy than nullipara." ]
A
Signs of remote delivery in a dead lady. Large, thicker and heavier uterus. Walls of the uterus are concave from inside. The body of the uterus is twice the length of the cervix (of the same length in virgin). Top of the fundus is convex and at a higher level than that of the broad ligament. The cervix is irregular i...
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Naegele's pelvis is :
[ "Triradiate pelvis", "One ala absent", "Two alae absent", "None" ]
B
One ala absent
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Prospective screening is
[ "Person screened for his own benefit", "Person screened for other's benefit", "Neonatal screening is prospective screening", "None of the above" ]
B
Prospective screening → Person screened for other's benefit. Eg: Screening for immigrants, Screening for corona virus. Perspective screening → Person screened for his own benefit. Eg: Neonatal screening, Mammography for breast tumour.
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A patient comes to the emergency depament with vomiting, diarrhea, lacrimation abdominal cramps, piloerection. The family members gave history of substance use for the past 1 month. The clinical presentation is due to
[ "opiod intoxication", "opiod withdrawl", "cocaine intoxication", "cocaine withdrawl" ]
B
In opioid withdrawal ALL ORIFICES BLEED Lacrimation, vomiting, rhinorrhea, diarrhea, mydriasis, kicking the habit, muscle cramps, abdominal cramps, tachycardia, cold turkey Ref.Kaplon and Sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no.660
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A 22-year-old man presents to the clinic complaining of low back pain and stiffness. The discomfort started several months ago as a mild dull ache in his back. The pain is more intense now, and it involves his back and hips. The symptoms seem worse at night and prevent him from sleeping. On physical examination, there ...
[ "osteoarthritis", "Marfan syndrome", "ankylosing spondylitis (AS)", "RA" ]
C
This man's symptoms are characteristic of AS, and it occurs in l%-6% of adults inheriting human lymphocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27). However, the prevalence in B27-positive relatives of patients with AS is up to 30%. Men are 3 times more likely to be affected. The distribution of the joints (back pain) and no hand or wris...
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Acetic acid staining of cervix shows the following, except:
[ "Squamous metaplasia", "Cervical carcinoma in situ", "Cervical polyp", "Cervical dysplasia" ]
C
Cervical polyp is a common benign tumor on the surface of the cervical canal which has tissues much like the smooth muscle cells seen in a fibroid. The polyp does not pick up active staining with aceti acid because it has mosty 'resting' cells Acetic acid used coagulate the proteins - make the area Acetowhite. Biopsy t...
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Which are the hormones seen in zona glomerulosa?
[ "Catecholamines", "Mineralocorticoids", "Glucocorticoids", "Androgens" ]
B
ANSWER: (B) MineralocorticoidsREF: Ganong 22nd ed p. 482See Physiology Post diploma June 2012 for details of Adrenal Gland
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Strasberg'e class 'B' bile injury means
[ "Bile leak from a minor duct", "Occlusion of a branch of biliary tree", "Injury of bile duct not in communication with CBD", "Circumferential injury to major bile ducts" ]
B
Strasberg classification of Laparoscopic Biliary injuries Type A- Bile leaks from minor ducts still in continuity with the CBD Includes leakage from cystic duct stump and from a subvesical duct of Luschka. MC cause of biliary leaks seen after cholecystectomy. Type B- Occlusion of a pa of the biliary tree, almost always...
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Pseudo resistant hypertension is seen in which situation?
[ "Patient at office", "Patient at home", "Patient at Hospital", "None of the above" ]
A
Ans. A. Patient at officeResistant Hypertension1. It refers to patients with BP persistently >140/90mmHg despite taking three or more antihypertensive agents, including a diuretic, in reasonable combination and at full doses.2. Resistant hypertension may be related toa. "Pseudo resistance" (high office blood pressures ...
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All are true about the external appearance of the large bowel, EXCEPT:
[ "It has 3 discrete bands called taenia", "Talnia stas at the base of the appendix", "The haustra found between the taenia", "Appendices epiploicae see in the large intestine" ]
D
The external appearance of the colon:The longitudinal muscle fibres outside the colon coalesce into 3 discrete bands called taenia (liberis, omentalis, mescolica)The taenia stas at the base of the appendixThe Outpouchings of the colon - known as haustra is seen between taeniaAppendices epiploicae are found at the exter...
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Which is NOT true about femoral aery cannulation?
[ "Common femoral aery is cannulated", "Single wall puncture is indicated in those with normal coagulation profile", "Femoral aery is catheterised at medial third of femoral head", "Seldinger technique is used both for femoral aery and vein" ]
B
Single wall puncture is indicated in those with normal coagulation profile Single wall puncture is indicated in those with coagulopathy as there is more risk of bleeding in double wall puncture technique. Aerial access is obtained for hemodynamic monitoring (blood pressure monitoring, blood gases monitoring) in an inte...
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Which of the following is the most common cause of pancreatic pseudocyst?
[ "Ca pancreas", "Pancreatitis", "Trauma", "ERCP" ]
B
Pancreatic pseudocysts mostly occur as a complication of acute and chronic pancreatitis. In children, abdominal trauma is the most common cause.
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All the following reactions are involved in generation of reactive oxygen species within neutrophils for killing intracellular bacteria except
[ "Glutathione peroxidase", "Superoxide dismutase reaction", "Fenton's reaction", "NADPH oxidase" ]
A
Glutathione peroxidase catalyzes the destruction of hydrogen peroxide. Fenton's reaction generates hydroxyl radical from H2O2 Superoxide dismutase generates H2O2 from superoxide NADPH oxidase reaction generates superoxide from oxygen Reference: Harpers illustrated biochemistry 30th edition
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The age and sex structure of a population may be described by a
[ "Life table", "Correlation coefficient", "Population pyramid", "Bar chart" ]
C
Population pyramid: (age-sex pyramid or age-structure diagram) Is a graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population which normally forms the shape of a pyramid – Double Histogram: 2 back-to-back histogram graphs 1. one showing the number of males and 2. one showing females in a...
train
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Which subtype of schizophrenia carries the best prognosis -
[ "Undifferentiated", "Catatonic", "Pranoid", "Hebephrenic" ]
B
null
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In reproductive and child health programme, districts are divided on the basis of-
[ "Crude bih rate & infant moality rate", "Crude bih rate & female literacy rate", "Crude death rate & crude bih rate", "Couple protection rate & infant moality rate" ]
B
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Crude Bih Rate & Female Literacy Rate
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All of the following are true about Metoclopramide except
[ "It is an antiemetic which blocks 5HT3 receptors", "It has prokinetic action by 5HT4 agonism", "It has D2 blocking action resulting in extrapyramidal side effects", "It can be used for L - Dopa induced vomiting" ]
D
Metoclopramide crosses blood brain barrier & because of D2 blocking action can reduce the efficacy of L-Dopa. Therefore can not be used in L-Dopa induced vomiting.
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Opsoclonus is associated with:
[ "Neuroblastoma", "Nephroblastoma", "Retinoblastoma", "Hypernephroma" ]
A
Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome' associated with Neuroblastoma Rapid, uncontrollable jerking eye & body movements, poor coordination
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Purely glucogenic amino acid -
[ "Isoleucine", "Tyrosine", "Lysine", "Proline" ]
D
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Proline GlucogenicKetogenicBoth glucogenic & ketogenico Alanineo Arginineo Aspargineo Aspartic acido Cysteineo Glutamineo Glutamic acido Glycineo Histidineo Methionineo Prolineo Serineo Threonineo Valineo Leucineo Lysineo Isoleucineo Phenylalaineo Tyrosino TryptophanNote : According to Harper 29th /e ...
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Exposure to ultraviolet light directly facilitates which of the following?
[ "Conversion of 7 dehydrocholesterol to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol", "Conversion of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol to 1,25- dihydroxycholecalciferol", "Transpo of calcium into the extracellular fluid", "Formation of calcium-binding protein" ]
A
Ultraviolet light absorbed by the skin directly facilitates conversion of cholesterol to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol.
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The appliance used to treat thumbsucking:
[ "Crib appliance", "Frankel appliance", "Bionator", "Activator" ]
A
null
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Febrile seizure prophylaxis is recommended in all of the following except:
[ "3 or more febrile seizures in 6 months", "6 or more febrile seizures in 1 year", "Febrile seizures lasting more than 30 minutes", "Febrile seizures requiring pharmacotherapy to control seizures." ]
C
Ans. C. Febrile seizures lasting more than 30 minutesCorrect option is Febrile seizures lasting 1 minutes or more.Intermittent prophylaxis is currently prescribed during episodes of fever. A drug that attains drug levels quickly and prevents febrile convulsions should be used. Oral clobazam (0.75-1mg/kg/day) is an effe...
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In child, foreign body in lung -
[ "Rigid bronchoscopy", "Chest x-ray", "Flexible endoscopy", "Direct laryngoscopy" ]
A
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Rigid bronchoscopy o Treatment of choice is removal of foreign body by rigid bronchoscope with appropriate antibiotics.
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Investigation of choice in upper GI bleeding is
[ "Ba swallow", "X-ray", "Endoscopy", "Ultrasound" ]
C
"Upper endoscopy is the test of choice in patients with UGIB" "Whenever GI haemorrhage is thought to derive from a source proximal to the ligament of Treitz, or whenever the issue is in doubt, the first invasive diagnostic maneuvre should be upper GI flexible endoscopy. This technique has a diagnostic accuracy of appro...
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Recurrent non-granulomatous uveitis is seen in-
[ "Vogt koyanagi-Harada syndrome", "Posner-Schlossman syndrome", "Tuberculosis", "Sarcoidosis" ]
C
Infections that increase the risk of uveitisinclude HIV, brucellosis, herpes simplex, herpes zoster, leptospirosis, Lyme disease, syphilis, toxocariasis, toxoplasmosis, and tuberculosis (TB). Uveitis may occur as a normal immune response to fight an infection inside the eye. Ref khurana 6/e
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A 33-year-old man is diagnosed with essential hypeension. He is staed on a blood pressure medication, and after 6 weeks, he notes fatigue, rash over his face, joint aches, and effusions. A serum antinuclear antibody (ANA) test is positive. Wof is the most likely agent
[ "Propranolol", "Nifedipine", "Thiazide diuretic", "Hydralazine" ]
D
VASODILATORS Hydralazine/Dihydralazine Adverse effects:- are frequent and mainly due to vasodilatation. * Facial flushing, conjunctival injection, throbbing headache, dizziness, palpitation, nasal stuffiness, fluid retention, edema, CHF. * Angina and MI may be precipitated in patients with coronary aery disease. * Post...
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Juxtamedullary nephrons constitute what percentage of nephrons
[ "10", "15", "30", "70" ]
C
Juxtamedullary nephrons constitute only 30 percent of total nephrons .....remaining being coical nephrons. Ref: guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12 edition page number:460,461,462
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Schizoid personality disorder all are seen except-
[ "Aloof & detached", "Prone to fantasy", "Suspicious", "Introspective" ]
C
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Suspicious o In schizoid personality disorder, there is excessive preoccupation with fan tansy and introspection and the person is markedly detached from others,o Suspiciousness is seen in paranoid personality disorder.o Schizoid personality disorder: - A person with this disorder is markedly detached...
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Great auricular nerve originates from?
[ "C2,C3", "C3,C4", "C4,C5", "C5,C6" ]
A
The great auricular nerve is a superficial branch of the cervical plexus composed of branches of spinal C2 and C3. It provides sensory innervation to the skin overlying the parotid gland, angle of mandible, external ear and posterior auricular region. The skin of the face is supplied by three divisions of the trigemina...
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What is Charles's Law?
[ "PV = constant", "V/T = constant", "PV =nRT", "None" ]
B
Ans. is 'b' i.e. V/T = constant Physical behavior of gases Gas pressure o The gas molecules are in continuous motion, moving through space at high velocity' and being deflected from their course only upon collision with other gas molecules or with boundries of the space in which they are contained. It would be obvious ...
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Which is not supplied by pelvic splanchinic nerves
[ "Rectum", "Urinary bladder", "Appendix", "Uterus" ]
C
C i.e. Appendix
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Speed of conduction is fastest in:
[ "AV node", "SA node", "Bundle of His", "Purkinje system" ]
D
D i.e. Purkinje System
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Karyotyping most commonly done under light microscopy:
[ "G banding", "Q banding", "C banding", "R banding" ]
A
Karyotype Obtained by arranging each pair of autosomes according to length, followed by sex chromosomes. Staining methods have been developed that allow identification of individual chromosomes on the basis of distinctive and reliable pattern of alternating light and dark bands. One most commonly used involves a Giemsa...
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WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ANTIHYPEENSIVES DRUG IS AVOIDED IN PATIENTS WITH HIGH SERUM URIC ACID LVELS?
[ "ENALAPRIL", "PRAZOCIN", "ATENALOL", "HYDROCHLOR THIAZIDE" ]
D
REF : KD TRIPATHI 8TH ED
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Whenever there is stone in the bile duct which of the following raises -a) Bile saltsb) Bilirubinc) Amylased) SGPT
[ "ac", "ab", "ad", "bc" ]
B
null
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Vegetations on under-surface of A. V. valves are found in:
[ "Acute Rheumatic corditis", "Limban Sack's endocarditis", "Non thrombotic bacterial endocarditis", "Chronic rheumatic carditis" ]
B
Vegetations occur on the surfaces of the cusps in libman sacks endocarditis and infective endocarditis. Both surfaces may be involved in both the disease but undersurface is more commonly seen in libman sacks endocaritis. Ref: Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease By Stanley Leonard Robbins, Ramzi Coan, 7th Edition, Page...
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Most common cause of fetal loss?
[ "Syphilis", "Herpes genitalis", "Rubella", "Measles" ]
B
Ans. b (Herpes genitalis)TORCH group of infections are the most vital and morbidity and mortality causing intrauterine infections.Herpes amongst these is common cause of fetal loss.
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Herberts pits are seen in:
[ "Herpes keratitis", "Fuch's dystrophy", "Diabetes mellitus", "Trachoma" ]
D
Ans. is 'd' i.e. Trachoma Herbert's pits are highly pathognomic of trachoma.They are found at the limbus*
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A premature infant is born with a patent ductus aeriosus. Its closure can be stimulated by administration of
[ "Prostaglandin analogue", "Estrogen", "Anti-estrogen compounds", "Prostaglandin inhibitors" ]
D
Before 2 weeks of gestation indomethacin 0.2mg/kg dose orally every 12-24 hr for 3 doses. Ref : Ghai essential pediatrics,eighth edition P.no: 419
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Burns with destruction of the epidermis and papillary dermis is
[ "1st degree", "2nd degree", "3rd degree", "4th degree" ]
B
2nd degree superficial - epidermis and papillary dermis. 2nd degree deep - epidermis and entire dermis.
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Most common cause of hereditary spherocytosis?
[ "Actin", "Glycophorin", "Spectrin-Ankyrin complex", "Band 4" ]
C
About 60% of HS cases results from a defect in the ankyrin-spectrin complex , with genes for a or b subunits of spectrin dimer (SPTA1 ,SPTB) or for ankyrin (ANK1)being implicated in diff genetic type. 25% ~> involve deficiency in band 3, the anion channel. Ref:Postgraduate Hematology by Victor Hoffbrand ,pg:131 Ref Rob...
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Antidote for organophosphates poisoning are all except: September 2009 March 2013 (b, d)
[ "Physostigmine", "Activated charcoal", "Pralidoxime", "Atropine" ]
A
Ans. A: Physostigmine The mainstays of medical therapy in organophosphate (OP) poisoning include ? Atropine-arrests muscarinic effects, Pralidoxime (2-PAM)-acts by competing for the phosphate moiety of the organophosphorus compound and release it from the cholinesterase enzyme Benzodiazepines (e.g., diazepam)-For convu...
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Which off the following is an oncogenic retrovirus?
[ "HTLV-1", "HPV", "EBV", "HBV" ]
A
Ans: A (HTLV-1) Ref: Jawetz, Mel nick & Adel bergs Textbook of Medical Microbiology, 25th Edition. 2010Explanation:* Viruses which produce tumors in either their natural host or experimental animals or induce malignant transformation in cell cultures are called oncogenic viruses.RNA virusesCANCERHCVHTLV1HIVHepatocellul...
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Pre-auricular sulcus helps in detection of -
[ "Age", "Sex", "Race", "Height" ]
B
Pre auricular sulcus is more frequent, broad and deep in female pelvis as compared to male. ref : Dr. Narayana Reddys Synopsis of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 27 th edition pg. 32.
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What is the length of the lower esophageal sphincter?
[ "l-2cm", "3-5 cm", "0.5-0.8cm", "7-10cm" ]
B
Ans. is 'b' i.e., 3-5 cm [Ref: McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modem Medicine. 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.)* Lower esophageal sphincter is a zone of 3-5 cm located at the junction of the distal esophagus and gastric cardia acting as a physical barrier in preventing gastric reflux.
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A 28-year-old man is evaluated in the primary care office for new onset rash on both legs for 1 week. He is a healthy person with no past medical illness and is not taking any medications. There is no history of recent fever but he has noticed occasional gum bleeding and one episode of nosebleed 4 days ago. He does not...
[ "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia", "Immune thrombocytopenic purpura", "Leukemoid reaction", "Chronic lymphocytic leukemia" ]
B
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is monoclonal proliferation of mature lymphocytes, often found incidentally during routine checkup. Some patients may have constitutional symptoms such as weight loss, fever, night sweats, and fatigue. Painless lymphadenopathy is the most common physical finding. Hepatosplenomegaly can occu...
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Lesion in the medial lemniscus at the level of pons causes which of the following?
[ "Pain and temperature loss in the same side", "Pain and temperature loss in the opposite side", "Loss of tactile and proprioception on the same side", "Loss of tactile and proprioception on the oppposite side" ]
D
Lesion in the medial lemniscus at the level of pons causes loss of tactile and proprioception on the opposite side. Fibers of medial lemniscus ascend ipsilaterally in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord to the medulla, where they synapse in the gracilis and cuneate nuclei. The second order neurons from these nuclei c...
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OCD Rx of choice -
[ "Fluoxetine", "Imipramine", "Diazepam", "None" ]
A
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Fluoxetine SSRIs are drug of choice for ? o OCD o Panic disorder o Premenstural dysphoric disorder o Eating disorders o Depression o Social phobia o Post traumatic stress disorder
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Non-modifiable risk factor for hypertension
[ "Gender", "Obesity", "Salt intake", "Cultural characteristic acquired over time" ]
A
null
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Which of the following ECG changes is least likely in a patient with left pneumothorax-
[ "Inversion of Twave", "Left axis deviation", "Small R wave", "Electrical alternans" ]
B
null
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Which is a derivative of neural crest -
[ "Enamel", "Spinal cord", "Nails", "Dentine" ]
D
Ans. is 'd' i.e., DentineDerivatives of surface ectodermi) Skin and appendages : Epidermis, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands.ii) Mucous membrane of: Oral cavity, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, lower part of anal canal, terminal part of urethra, outer surface of labia minora, whole labia majora, lower part ...
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Which of the following is true with regards to genital tuberculosis ?
[ "Ovarian involvement can occur without tubal infection", "Infeility is mainly due to anovulation", "Acid fast bacilli is identified in 100% cases of tubercular endometritis", "A negative Mantoux test reasonably excludes tuberculosis" ]
D
The commonest site of affection is fallopian tubes. Ovaries are involved in 30 percent cases Infeility is due to tubal blockage, adhesions in the endometrial cavity,rarely ovulatory dysfunction Mantoux test: positive with high dilution suggests that patient is sensitised to tuberculoprotein. A negative test excludes TB...
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In circulatory system, the highest velocity of blood flow is in the
[ "image_question", "image_question", "image_question", "image_question" ]
A
In circulatory system, the highest velocity of blood flow is in the aoa. The velocity of blood flow is inversely propoional to vascular cross-sectional area. v=Velocity F= Blood flow through the area A= Vascular cross sectional area Aoa has the least cross sectional area (4.5 cm2) and capillaries have the maximum cross...
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Which of the congenital cardiac anomaly give rise to characteristic 'snowman appearance' on chest x-ray?
[ "Fallot's tetralogy", "TAPVC", "TGA", "Ebstein's anomaly" ]
B
With the unobstructed types of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC), the hea is enlarged with increased pulmonary flow. Pulmonary edema is uncommon. In patients with return to the left innominate vein, there may be a characteristic bulging of the superior mediastinum bilaterally, producing a "snowman," o...
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. Most common cause of Carcinomatous meningitis -
[ "Carcinoma breast", "Carcinoma lung", "Carcinoma gut", "Malignant melanoma" ]
A
Answer- A. Carcinoma breastCarcinoma breast in the most common cause of carcinomatous meningites.
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In concomitant squint -
[ "Primary detion > Secondary detion", "Scondary detion > Primary detion", "Primary detion = Secondary detion", "None" ]
C
Concomitant squint is a type of manifest squint in which the amount of detion in the squinting eye remains constant(unaltered) in all the directions of gaze. Ref: A.K.Khurana ; 6th Edition; Page no :347
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Features of fungal ulcer –a) Symptoms more than signsb) Dry ulcerc) Diffuse corneal edemad) Hyphenated margins
[ "c", "d", "ab", "bd" ]
D
Signs are more prominent than symptoms in a fungal corneal ulcer. A fungal corneal ulcer is dry looking, greyish white with elevated rolled out margins. There is no diffuse corneal edema. Ulcer margin is feathery and hyphate.
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Hepatitis with cholestatic jaundice occurs most frequently as an adverse reaction to the following preparation of erythromycin:
[ "Erythromycin base", "Erythromycin stearate", "Erythromycin estolate", "Erythromycin ethyl succinate" ]
C
Erythromycin estolate is responsible for cholestatic jaundice. It stas after 2-3 weeks of staing treatment. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting and cramping pain in abdomen. Risk of this adverse effect increases significantly in pregnancy. Therefore, erythromycin estolate is contra-indicated in pregnancy.
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Doc for Her 2 positive breast carcinoma is:
[ "Trastuzumab", "Tamoxifen", "Exemestane", "Fluvestrant" ]
A
Ans. a. TrastuzumabRef: Goodman Gilman 13th E/P1209Her-2 PositiveDrug of Choice for Breast Cancer ER positiveDrug of choice: TrastuzumabDrug of choice in Trastuzumab resistance: LapatinibPremenopausal PostmenopausalDrug of Choice: Tamoxifen Drug of Choice: Aromatase Inhibitors likeExemestane
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In heterophoria prism is used:
[ "With apex towards the direction of phoria in glasses for treatment", "With apex towards the direction of phoria for exercises only", "For exercises mainly in hyperphoria", "To detect grade III of binocular vision" ]
A
Ans. With apex towards the direction of phoria in glasses for treatment
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A patient lalita present with dry mouth, pupillary dilation and warm skin, the likely drug toxicity is
[ "Organo-phosphorus", "Carbamazepine", "Lithium", "Amytriptyline" ]
D
Ans. is 'd' i.e. Amitriptyline Most Tricyclic antidepressants (Imipramine, Amitriptyline) are potent anticholinergics.The symptoms shown by patient are because of anticholinergic effect of Amitriptyline.
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Nerve which lies in association to Whaon's duct is
[ "Hypoglossal", "Facial", "Lingual", "Vagus" ]
C
Lingual nerve lies in a close association with submandibular duct and most prone to damage during submandibular gland surgery. * The deep pa of the gland lies on the hyoglossus muscle closely related to the lingual nerve and inferior to the hypoglossalnerve.* Submandibular duct lies between the lingual and hypoglossal ...
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Not true regarding Prune belly syndrome is?
[ "Macroglossia", "Hydroureteronephrosis", "Anterior abdominal wall defect", "Cryptorchidism" ]
A
Prune Belly Syndrome Aka Triad Syndrome Or Eagle Barrett Syndrome C/f: deficient abdominal muscles, undescended testis, cryptorchidism, urinary tract abnormalities eg. large bladder
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Infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) results in the development of virus-specific antibodies. The pattern of these antibodies helps to stage the illness . EBV-VCA (IgG) Ab
[ "Appears 2 weeks to several months after onset and is present more often in atypical cases of infectious mononucleosis", "Appears 3 to 4 weeks after onset; titers correlate with severity of clinical illness", "Arises early in the course of the illness; detectable titers persist a lifetime", "Appears late in t...
C
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a member of the human herpesvirus group, has been established as the causal agent of heterophil-positive and heterophil-infectious mononucleosis. The diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis can be made in 80 to 90% of cases by demonstration of heterophil antibodies. In the heterophil-negative ca...
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Which one of the following lysosomal storage disorder is associated with mental retardation?
[ "Metachromatic leucodystrophy", "Fabry's disease", "Tay Sach's disease", "All of the above" ]
D
(D) All of the above# Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD, or Arylsulfatase A deficiency) is a lysosomal storage disease which is commonly listed in the family of leukodystrophies. Leukodystrophies affect the growth and/or development of myelin, the fatty covering which acts as an insulator around nerve fibers throughout...
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Bicarbonate is maximally absorbed in which pa of the nephron?
[ "PCT", "DCT", "Thick ascending loop of Henle", "Collecting duct" ]
A
80-90% of bicarbonate reabsorption occurs in the PCT. The secreted H+ ion combines with filtered HCO3- to form H2CO3 and the presence of carbonic anhydrase on the apical membrane of the proximal tubule catalyzes the formation of H2O and CO2 from H2CO3. The apical membrane of epithelial cells lining the proximal tubule ...
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The hormone responsible for a positive "Fern test" is :
[ "Estrogen", "Progesterone", "FSH", "LH" ]
A
Estrogen
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All of the following are true about 'POSHAN' abhiyaan except?
[ "Launched by Prime minister in March 2018", "It is PM's overarching scheme for holistic nutrition", "The focus is on health and nutrition in first 2000 days of life", "Goals for this program include reduction in stunting, undernutrition, low bih weight and anemia" ]
C
POSHAN' abhiyaan- 'PM's Overarching Scheme for Holistic Nutrition'. Launched by Prime minister in March 2018. The focus is on health and nutrition in first 1000 days of life. The goals for this program include reduction in stunting, undernutrition & low bih weight by 2% per annum and anemia in young children by 3% per ...
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Right superior intercostal vein drains into
[ "Brachiocephalic vein", "Azygos vein", "Inferior venacava", "Hemizygos vein" ]
B
The right superior intercostal vein drains the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th posterior intercostal veins on the right side of the body. It flows into the azygos vein. The left superior intercostal veins drains the 2nd and 3rd posterior intercostal veins on the left side of the body. It drains into the left brachiocephalic vein B D...
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True about ribozymes are A/E
[ "Catalytic activity", "Involved in transesterification", "Hammerhead metallo enzyme", "Deamination" ]
D
D i.e. DeaminationRibozyme is RNA with catalytic activityQ. Examples include selfsplicing group I introns, RNase P, & hammerhead metallo enzymeQ of virusoids (requiring Mg2+). These are involved in transesterification, phosphodiester bond hydrolysis (cleavage), RNA metabolism (splicing & endoribonuclease), peptide bond...
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In rape victim, hymen tear site
[ "2 o'clock", "12 o'clock", "10 o'clock", "7 o'clock" ]
D
Ans. (D). 7 'o' Clock(Ref: The essentials of forensic medicine and toxicology; Dr. KS Narayana Reddy, 33rd edition; Page no: 419)The site of rupture in penile penetration is posterolateral (4 o' clock to 8 o' clock)
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True about primitive streak are all except ?
[ "1st sign of gastrulation", "Derived from epiblast", "Appear at cranial end", "All are true" ]
C
Appear at cranial endGastrulation is the morphogenic process of formation of three germ layers, i.e. ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.The embryo at this stage is called gastrula.The process of gastrulation begins with formation of primitive streak.Primitive streak is formed by proliferation of some of epiblast cells nea...
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Antagonist of morphine is:
[ "Naloxone", "Nalosphine", "Nalpuphine", "Methadine" ]
A
null
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Aldehyde dehydrogenase requires NAD+ to act. Here NAD+ is termed as:
[ "Cofactor", "Coenzyme", "Apoenzyme", "Abenzyme" ]
B
NAD+ is an organic non protein poion which is required for the enzyme, so it is a coenzyme. The protein poion of holoenzyme is known as apoenzyme. The non protein poion is known as cofactor, coenzyme or prosthetic group. ADDITIONAL EDGE ON THIS TOPIC: Coenzyme Lipoic acid (not a vitamin) All water soluble Vitamins (B -...
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Winging of scapula which muscle is affected
[ "Teres minor", "Latissimus dorsi", "Subscapularis", "Serratus anterior" ]
D
Winging of scapulaIn this condition, the veebral border of scapula becomes more prominent when the patient tries to push against the wallIt occurs in paralysis of the serratus anterior muscle in long thoracic nerve palsy(Refer: Mohindra's Fundamentals of Ohopedics, 2nd edition, pg no. 268)
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The term end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is considered appropriate when GFR is:
[ "50% of normal", "25% of normal", "10-25% of normal", "5-10% of normal" ]
D
CKD Stage GFR Level (mL/min/1.73m2) G1 > 90 G2 60-89 HTN develops in this stage G3 30-59 Anemia develops in this stage G4 15-29 Acidosis,Hyperkalemia G5 < 15 (End stage renal disease) Uraemia develops Albuminuria A1 3-30 mg/g A2 30-300 A3 > 300
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Major contributor to plasma osmolarity is:
[ "Glucose", "Plasma proteins", "Urea", "Sodium" ]
D
Urea = 2.14 Kh BUN BUN is the Blood Urea Nitrogen
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A 74-year-old male complains of bad breath, regurgitation of food during his sleep, and weight loss. For several months he has also had trouble swallowing solids. He denies fever, chills, and nausea. The patient does not smoke cigarettes and does not drink alcohol. Barium swallow study with fluoroscopy is obtained, one...
[ "Achalasia", "Gastro-esophageal reflux disease", "Diffuse esophageal spasm", "Defect in the muscular wall of laryngopharynx" ]
D
The radiograph shows a pulsion-pseudo-diveiculum Zenker's diveiculum Results from herniation of mucosa and submucosa through the Killian triangle(dehiscence), Focal weakness in the laryngopharynx(hypopharynx) at the normal cleavage plane between the fibers of the two pas of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle (s...
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A young man gets into a fight after taking beer and is kicked by the lower abdomen. There was pelvic fracture. Blood at meatus. Most likely cause is
[ "Bulbar urethral injury", "Kidney laceration", "hematuria", "Rupture of membranous urethra" ]
A
Rupture of membranous urethra is usually associated with pelvic fractures. It is characterised by blood in external meatus, failure or difficulty in passing urine, extravasation of urine to scrotum, perineum and abdominal wall, shock . Bulbar urethral injury is usually d/t a fall astride a projecting object leading to ...
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A homosexual person feels that he is imposed by a female body & persistent discomfort with his sex, diagnosis is -
[ "Gender identity disorder", "Transvestism", "Voyeurism", "Paraphillias" ]
A
This patient has:- The insistence that he is of the other sex (female body is imposed on him). Persistent discomfort with his sex. Diagnosis is a gender identity disorder.
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Wandering acetabulum is seen in: (E. REPEAT 2012)
[ "Tuberculosis", "Gout", "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Anky losing spondylitis" ]
A
Ref: Tuberculosis of the Skeletal System by SM Tali, Pages 70--81 and Mercer's Orthopaedic Surgery, 0th edition, Duthie, Bentley and Dhal. Page 604Explanation:RADIOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN TB HIPThe earliest radiological sign on X-Rays is a slight loss of hone density (osteopenia) due to synovial edema.Excessive synovial th...
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A patient presented with history of few episodes of vomiting and was given an anti-emetic drug by the intern. Few hours later, the patient developed an abnormal posture. Which of the following is likely drug administered to him?
[ "Metoclopramide", "Ondansetron", "Domperidone", "Dexamethasone" ]
A
Antiemetic drugs: D2 antagonist : metoclopramide cross BBB, blocking D2 receptor in CNS, causing extrapyramidal side effect like dystonia. Metoclopramide Domperidone Cross BBBCan cause dystonia Do not cross BBBDo not cause dystoniaDOC for levodopa induced vomiting 5HT3(-) 5HT4(+) No other action
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Liquefactive necrosis occurs in
[ "Lung", "Brain", "Liver", "Spleen" ]
B
i.e. (Brain): (45-Harsh mohan 6th) (15-129- Robbins & Cotran 8th)LIQUEFACTIVE (COLLIQUATIVE) NECROSIS - occurs commonly due to ischaemic injury and bacterial or fungal infections* It occurs due to degradation of tissue by the action of powerful hydrolytic enzyme.* Common examples are Infarct brain and abscess cavity* D...
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A 67-year-old woman is being treated for metastatic ovarian cancer with cisplatin and cyclophosphamide. To prevent nausea and vomiting, she is given an agent that selectively antagonizes 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 (5-HT3) receptors. Which of the following drugs is this patient most likely taking?
[ "Dimenhydrinate", "Dronabinol", "Metoclopramide", "Ondansetron" ]
D
Cisplatin is an antineoplastic commonly used in the treatment of metastatic ovarian and testicular cancers, as well as advanced bladder cancer. This medication is associated with profound nausea and vomiting; in fact, it is considered to be one of the most emetogenic agents on the pharmaceutical market. The selective 5...
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Actions of angiotensin II include: a) Systemic vasoconstriction b) Systemic vasodilation c) Renal vasodilatation d) Re–absorption of Na+ in proximal renal tubule e) Retention of water
[ "ad", "ae", "bc", "bd" ]
B
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Immediate stiffness postmoem occurs in -
[ "Cadaveric rigidity", "Cadaveric spasm", "Rigor mois", "Algor mois" ]
B
Immediate rigor occurs in cadaveric spasm which is contraction of muscles during life which become stiff and rigid immediately after death. Dr. Narayana Reddys Synopsis of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 27 th edition pg. 81.
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Pseudomembranous colitis, all are true except
[ "Toxin A is responsible for clinical manifestation", "Toxin B is responsible for clinical manifestation", "Blood in stools is a common feature", "Summit lesions are early histopathological finding" ]
C
Blood in stools is not commonly seen in pseudomembranous colitis. Two high molecular weight exotoxins A and B are involved in the pathogenesis of the condition. Reference: Textbook of Microbiology; Anathanarayan and paniker's; 10th edition; Page no: 270
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Incompetent lips refer to:
[ "Inability of the lips to cover the incisors in the mandibular relaxed position", "Inability of the lips to cover the incisors in occlusion", "The lips come in between the upper and lower incisors", "Tongue thrusts against the lips during swallowing" ]
A
The term 'incompetent lips' implies that the lips are unable to form an adequate seal under similar unstrained conditions, i.e. excessive separation of the lips at rest. As a general guideline, which holds for all ethnic groups, lip separation at rest should be no more than 3-4 mm; above this, the lips are termed incom...
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Which is true about BCG?
[ "Distilled water is used as diluent", "Site for injection is cleaned with spirit", "Mantoux test positive in 6 weeks", "WHO recommends Danish 1331 for vaccine production" ]
D
d. WHO recommends Danish 1331 for vaccine production(Ref: IAP Guidebook on Immunization 2013-14; pg 113-117, Nelson's 20/e p 3212, Ghai, 8/e p 190-191)Discussing about the options one by one,Option aFalse; Sterile normal saline may be used as diluent for BCGOption bFalse; For BCG Vaccination, the selected site may be s...
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