question
stringlengths
1
6.54k
choices
listlengths
4
4
answer
stringclasses
4 values
rationale
stringlengths
0
22.5k
split
stringclasses
1 value
dataset
stringclasses
6 values
subject
stringclasses
1 value
A 45 yrs. old lady with presented with dysfunctional uterine bleeding on transvaginal USG thickness of endometrium was found to be 8 mm. What should be the nest step in the management of this patient ?
[ "Histopathology", "Hysterectomy", "Progesterone", "OCP" ]
A
Ans. is a i.e. Histopathology A 45 years old lady is presenting with DUB Chances of endometrial hyperplasia / neoplasia are high. TVS findings show thickness of endometrium as 8 mm. First lets understand what does this signify -Endometrial thickness has been correlated with endometrial cancer risk in pe and post menopa...
train
med_mcqa
null
Callus becomes thick and hard like bone within
[ "2 weeks", "4 weeks", "6 weeks", "3 months" ]
D
D i.e. 3 months
train
med_mcqa
null
Cardiac output varies under different physiological conditions. It is decreased by?
[ "Increased hea rate", "Decreased hea rate", "Increased stroke volume", "None of the above" ]
B
Cardiac output is the product of the hea rate and stroke volume (CO = HR x SV). Therefore, cardiac output decreases by bradycardia. Ref: Mohrman D.E., Heller L.J. (2010). Chapter 3. The Hea Pump. In D.E. Mohrman, L.J. Heller (Eds), Cardiovascular Physiology, 7e.
train
med_mcqa
null
The average distance of the fovea from the temporal margin of the optic disc is –
[ "1 disc diameter", "2 disc diameter", "3 disc diameter", "4 disc diameter" ]
B
Foveola of fovea is situated about 2 disc diameter (3 mm) temporal to the temporal margin of optic disc.
train
med_mcqa
null
Trypsin is an activator of all of the following enzymes EXCEPT
[ "Chymotrypsinogen", "Pepsinogen", "Proelastase", "Procolipase" ]
B
Actions of trypsin: Digestion of proteins Curdling of milk Once formed, itself converts trypsinogen into trypsin (autocatalytic action) Conversion of chymotrypsinogen into chymotrypsin Polycarboxypeptidses into carboxypeptidase.
train
med_mcqa
null
Capsulated yeast among the following -
[ "Histoplasma", "Candida", "Cryptococcus", "Sporothrix" ]
C
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Cryptococcus * Antibody specificity is due to variability of the aminoacid sequences at the variable unit (at aminoterminal) of both H and L chains (not only H or L chains).Antibody (Immunoglobulin)* Immunoglobulins are molecles that are produced by plasma cells in response to an immunogen.* Immunoglo...
train
med_mcqa
null
New drug effective in post prandial sugar control is:
[ "Acarbose", "Metformin", "Sulfonylurea", "Repaglinide" ]
D
Repaglinide
train
med_mcqa
null
Wernicke&;s hemianopic pupillary reaction indicates lesions at the level of
[ "Distal pa of optic nerve", "Optic tract", "Optic chiasma", "Optic radiation" ]
B
Lesions of optic tract: These are characterised by incongruous homonymous hemianopia associated with contralateral hemianopic pupillary reaction (Wernicke's reaction). These lesions usually lead to paial descending optic atrophy and may be associated with contralateral third nerve paralysis and ipsilateral hemiplegia. ...
train
med_mcqa
null
True about Wright's Spirometer is/are
[ "Flow rates can be calculated", "Gives false high values at low flow rates", "Gives false low values at high flow rates", "All" ]
A
A i.e. Flow rates can be calculated
train
med_mcqa
null
Major depression is defined as depressed mood on a daily basis for a minimum duration?
[ "2 weeks", "4 weeks", "6 weeks", "8 weeks" ]
A
Ans. A. 2 weeksMajor depression is defined as depressed mood on a daily basis for a minimum duration of 2 weeks. An episode may be characterized by sadness, indifference, apathy, or irritability and is usually associated with: changes in sleep patterns, appetite, and weight; motor agitation or retardation; fatigue; imp...
train
med_mcqa
null
ABG analysis of a patient on ventilator, shows decreased pCO2, normal pO2, pH 7.5, diagnosis is -
[ "Resp. acidosis", "Metabolic alkalosis", "Resp. alkalosis", "Metabolic acidosis" ]
C
First step Determine whether academia or alkalemia is present by observing the pH. pH is increased, indicating alkalosis Second step Inspect HCO3- /CO2 to determine the cause of academia or alkalemia pCO2 is decreased indicating respiratory alkalosis.
train
med_mcqa
null
Which of the following is the drug of choice for treatment of corneal ulcers caused by filamentous fungi?
[ "Itraconazole", "Natamycin", "Nystatin", "Fluconazole" ]
B
B i.e. Natamycin
train
med_mcqa
null
All are true regarding brachial plexus injury,except -
[ "Preganglionic lesions have a better prognosis than postganglionic lesions", "Erb' s palsy causes paralysis of the abductors and external rotators of the shoulder.", "In Klumpke's palsy, Homer's syndrome may be present on the ipsilateral side", "Histamine test is useful to differentiate between the preganglio...
A
Preganglionic lesions have a poor prognosis as these do not recover and are surgically irreparable. Post ganglionic lesions have better prognosis than preganglionic lesions and histamine test is useful in making the distinction - Apley
train
med_mcqa
null
Most common malignant cancer of conjunctiva
[ "Squamous cell carcinoma", "Basal cell carcinoma", "Dermoid", "Papilloma" ]
A
Ans. (a) Squamous cell carcinomaRef: Abeloff's clinical oncology p. 1019SCC is the most common malignancy of the conjunctiva with an incidence of 0.025 to 3.5/100000 population.
train
med_mcqa
null
All are seen in psoriasis except
[ "Acanthosis", "Koebner phenomenon", "Auspitz sign", "Civatte bodies" ]
D
Civatte bodies ( apoptotic bodies derived from keratinocytes at dermal-epidermal junction) are seen in lichen planus. Acanthosis (epidermal skin thickening), Auspitz's sign (Scaling that bleeds when removed), Koebner's phenomenon (new lesions at sight of minor injury) are seen in psoriasis. Koebner's phenomenon also se...
train
med_mcqa
null
All the following drugs are used for the induction of ovulation except -a) Clomiphene citrateb) Gonadotrophinsc) Danazold) Corticosteroids
[ "ab", "bc", "cd", "ac" ]
C
null
train
med_mcqa
null
Absolute contraindication of hormone replacement therapy is :
[ "Thrombosis", "Fibroadenocytic disease", "Fibroadenoma", "Hemorrhage" ]
A
Ans. is 'a' Thrombosis
train
med_mcqa
null
In semen banks, semen is preserved at low temperature using :
[ "Dry ice", "Deep freeze", "Liquid nitrogen", "Liquid air" ]
C
Ans. is c i.e. Liquid nitrogen Cryopreservation of semen : Involves cooling of embryos in the pronucleate stage or early cleavage stage to very low temperature in the presence of cryoprotectants such as : 12 - Propanediol (Iodine) - Glycerol - dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) with sucrose. They are then stored in liquid nitr...
train
med_mcqa
null
False about Barrett’s oesophagus is:
[ "In short – segment Barrett’s there is less than 3 cm of columnar epithelium", "Barrett’s ulcer occurs just above the squamocolumnar junction", "If a peptic stricture occurs in Barrett’s oesophagus it always occurs at the new squamocolumnar junction", "It is a premalignant condition" ]
B
Barrett’s ulcer is an ulcer in the columnar lined portion of a Barrett’s oesophagus. These are distinct from the more usual erosions of reflux oesophagitis that always occur at or just above the squamocolumnar junction.
train
med_mcqa
null
Length of tibia is:
[ "10% of height", "20% of height", "30% of height", "40% of height" ]
B
Ans. 20% of height
train
med_mcqa
null
Which one of the following is a good index of the severity of an acute disease?
[ "Case fatality rate", "Cause specific death rate", "Standardized mortality ratio", "Five year survival" ]
A
Case fatality rate measures the killing power of a disease, for acute infectious diseases like food poisoning, cholera, measles. It is simply the ratio (it is not  a RATE) of deaths to cases.
train
med_mcqa
null
Most common cause of delayed pubey in males is ?
[ "Kallaman syndrome", "Klienfelter syndrome", "Constitutional", "Prader-willi syndrome" ]
C
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Constitutional o Most common cause of delayed pubey is constitutional.
train
med_mcqa
null
True about the basic structure of atherosclerosis plaque is -
[ "Concave part formed by fibrous cap", "Convex part formed by tunica media of the vessel", "Convex part formed by fibrous cap", "Necrotic core contains collagen, elastin and proteoglycans" ]
C
Ans, is 'c' i.e., Convex part formed by fibrous cap Basic structure of an atherosclerotic plaque. Note that atherosclerosis is an intimal-based processFrom the figure it is evident thato The convex part is formed by the fibrous cap. which consists of smooth muscle cells, macrophages, foam cells, lymphocytes, collagen, ...
train
med_mcqa
null
Ham test is done for -
[ "PNH", "Megaloblastic anemia", "Sickle cell anemia", "Thalassemia" ]
A
Diagnosis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria Until recently the diagnosis of P.N.H was based on special tests that were based on the principle that P.N.H red cells are susceptible to complement-mediated lysis. These tests are : HAM Test Ham's acidified serum test is one of the screening tests for P.N.H. Patient'...
train
med_mcqa
null
Precocious pubey is seen with which ovarian tumour :
[ "Dermoid", "Gynandroblastoma", "Granulosa cell tumour", "Arrhenoblastoma" ]
C
Granulosa cell tumour
train
med_mcqa
null
A 25 - years old patient presents with fatigue and abdominal pain. on examination jaundice and splenomegaly. On USG gall stones seen. Diagnosis.
[ "Sickle cell anemia", "Acute pancreatitis", "Hereditary spherocytosis", "Cholangitis" ]
C
Sickle cell anemia : Jandice,Gallstones. Splenomegaly. MCHC↑.
train
med_mcqa
null
Cystic hygroma is
[ "A form of hydrocele", "A branchial cleft cyst", "Salivary gland enlargement", "Lymphangioma" ]
D
CYSTIC HYGROMA (Cavernous Lymphangioma) It is a cystic swelling due to sequestration of a portion of jugular lymph sac from the lymphatic system, during the developmental period in utero. Present at birth and so may cause obstructed labour. Occasionally present in early infancy. Lymphatics fail to communicate to venou...
train
med_mcqa
null
True about Glomus jugulare tumor:
[ "Most common in male", "Arises from non-chromaffin cells", "Lymph node metastasis seen", "All" ]
B
Explanation Glomus tumor is more common in females. Glomus tumor is also referred to as chemodectomy or nonchromaffin paraganglion. Glomus tumor is a benign tumor, therefore lymph node metastats is not present. Multicentric tumors are found in 3-10% of sporadic cases and in 25-50% of familial cases. Fluctuating (Pulsat...
train
med_mcqa
null
Cis-atracurium is preferred over atracurium due to advantage of:
[ "Rapid onset", "Short duration of action", "No histamine release", "Less cardio depressant" ]
C
Ans. c. No histamine release Unlike atracurium, cisatracurium is devoid of dose dependent histamine releasing effect and therefore is associated with greater cardiovascular stability.AtracuriumCisatracurium* Atracurium besylate is a synthetic bisquaternary benzylisoquinolinium nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking dru...
train
med_mcqa
null
Most common cause of Cheyne-Stokes breathing is?
[ "Diabetic ketoacidosis", "CHF", "Bulbar polio", "Pontine hemorrhage" ]
B
Ans. is'b'i.e., CHF(Ref Clinicalmedicine p. 713)Cause of Cheyne-Stokes respiration,Normally occurs during sleep at high altitudeCongestive cardiac failureDamage to respiratory centers
train
med_mcqa
null
A 9 year old male patient reports with a retrognathic mandible and lip trap. The dentist is doubtful if he should start myofunctional appliance therapy for the child. Which of the following clinical test will help him make his decision?
[ "VTO", "Kinesiographic registration", "Rakosi-Jarabak analysis", "Postural rest position" ]
A
Visual Treatment Objective (VTO) This examination helps us decide whether any functional appliance that postures the mandible forward will improve the facial profile and appearance.  The child is asked to bring the lower jaw forward in a state of normal or near normal overjet to evaluate improvement in facial profile. ...
train
med_mcqa
null
Which emphysema is associated with Alpha- 1 antitrypsin deficiency:
[ "Panacinar emphysema", "Paraseptal emphysema", "Centriacinar emphysema", "Irregular emphysema" ]
A
Emphysema can be classified based on pattern of enlargement of air spaces as: Panacinar Associated with a1AT deficiency Diffuse loss of parenchymal tissue mainly in lower lobes In this, air spaces are abnormally large within and across the acinar unit Centriacinar Most commonly associated with cigarette smoking Enlarge...
train
med_mcqa
null
Time taken by tissue to develop frank necrosis is around:
[ "30 minutes", "1 hour", "2 hours", "4 hours" ]
D
The dominant histologic characteristic of infarction is ischemic coagulative necrosis. It is impoant to recall that if the vascular occlusion has occurred sholy (minutes to hours) before the death of the person, no demonstrable histologic changes may be evident; it takes 4 to 12 hours for the tissue to show frank necro...
train
med_mcqa
null
Which of the following statements about 21 alpha hydroxylase deficiency is false -
[ "Most common cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia in children", "Affected females present with ambiguous genitalia", "Affected males present with precocious pubey", "Hypokalemic alkalosis is seen" ]
D
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Hypokalemic alkalosis is seen In congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21 alpha hydroxylase deficiency, there is hyperkalemia (not hypokalemia). o All other options have been explained.
train
med_mcqa
null
Decompression of tension pneumothorax using a needle would be done under which step of ABCDE of trauma care
[ "A", "B", "C", "D" ]
B
Acute tension pneumothorax, flail chest with contusion, massive haemothorax and open pneumothorax are examples of life-threatening injuries that must be identified in the primary survey, i.e. they are not radiological diagnosis. Treat pneumothorax, haemothorax and tension pneumothorax with a tube thoracostomy. As an em...
train
med_mcqa
null
Electronic device is contraindicated in
[ "Pacemakers", "AIDS", "TB", "Asthmatics" ]
A
null
train
med_mcqa
null
Safety pin index for oxygen cylinder is-
[ "2,5", "3,5", "1,5", "1,4" ]
A
Safety pin index cylinder for oxygen is 2 , 5 . It is done to prevent wrong fitting of cylinders .
train
med_mcqa
null
Anti CD25 antibody among the following is
[ "Muromonab", "Daclizumab", "Adalimumab", "Transtuzumab" ]
B
IL-2 receptor antagonist The CD-25 molecule is expressed on the surface of immunologically activated, but not resting T-cells. It acts as a high affinity receptor for IL-2 through which cell proliferation and differentiation are promoted. Some anti CD-25 antibodies have been developed as IL-2 receptor antagonist to spe...
train
med_mcqa
null
On the 4th postoperative day of laparotomy a patient presents with bleeding & oozing from the wound.Management is :a) Dressing of wound & observe for dehiscenceb) IV fluidsc) Send for USG abdomend) Start treatments for peritonitise) Urgent surgery
[ "be", "ad", "bc", "ce" ]
A
null
train
med_mcqa
null
Attitudinal field defect is seen in: March 2012, September 2012
[ "Optic nerve lesion", "Optic neuritis", "Lesions of occipital lobe", "Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy" ]
D
Ans: D i.e. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy Visual field defects Optic nerve lesion will result in ipsilateral blindness Field defects in optic neuritis may be relative or absolute for colours. There is usually some peripheral loss of the visual field Lesions of occipital lobe results in homonymous hemianopia usuall...
train
med_mcqa
null
5 yr old boy was presented to the OPD by his mother with complaints of pain in the perineal region on examination of sample taken with nitric acid from his peri'anal region showed yellow crystal of what is the test done
[ "Teichmann's test", "Barberios test", "Takayama test", "Florence" ]
B
Barberio's test : Basis Detection of Spermin Procedure A few drops of Barberio's reagent when added to spermatic fluid produces crystals of sperm in picrate needle shaped rhombic & yellow color ref : narayanareddy
train
med_mcqa
null
Complication of Kerosene poisoning -
[ "Pneumonia", "Vomiting", "Hemoptysis", "Diarrhoea" ]
A
Ans. is 4a' i.e., Pneumonia o Bronchopneumonia and pulmonary edema are complications of kerosene poisoning, o Vomiting and diarrhea also occur, but these are symptoms (not complications).
train
med_mcqa
null
Shortest diameter of female pelvic inlet is:
[ "Obstetric conjugate", "Diagonal conjugate", "True conjugate", "None" ]
A
Ans: a (Obstetric conjugate) Ref: Dutta, 6th ed,p. 88Obstetric conjugate is the shortest antero-posterior diameter of female pelvic inlet. Diagonal conjugate (DC)True conjugate(Anatomical)Obstetric conjugateDistance: from mid point of sacral promontory to...Lower border of symphysis pubisUpper border of symphisis pubis...
train
med_mcqa
null
Risk factor for development of gastric Ca :
[ "Blood group O", "Duodenal ulcer", "Intestinal hyperplasia", "Intestinal metaplasia type III" ]
D
null
train
med_mcqa
null
Organophosphate inhibits -
[ "Anionic site ofAchEs", "Esteratic site ofAchEs", "Ach", "None" ]
B
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Esteratic site of AchEs Acetylcholinesterase has two sites: i) Catalytic or esteratic site -9 Active site ii) Anionic site It is quite obvious that to inhibit the action of acetylcholinesterase the active site has to be inhibited and it is esteratic site: i) Organophosphates phosphorylate esteratic si...
train
med_mcqa
null
All are indicators for air pollution, except –
[ "CO2", "SO2", "Soiling Index", "Smoke index" ]
A
null
train
med_mcqa
null
Which class of immunoglobulins can cross placenta:
[ "IgM", "IgD", "IgG", "IgA" ]
C
IgG is the only antibody class that significantly crosses the human placenta. This crossing is mediated by FcRn expressed on syncytiotrophoblast cells. There is evidence that IgG transfer depends on the following: (i) maternal levels of total IgG and specific antibodies, (ii) gestational age, (iii) placental integrity,...
train
med_mcqa
null
A fetus born to a mother with history of fever with rash in first trimester of pregnancy shows chorioretinitis, cerebral coical atrophy, cutaneous scarring and bone leg defects. Most probable cause is?
[ "Maternal rubella", "Maternal varicella", "Maternal CMV", "Maternal toxoplasma" ]
B
Maternal varicella during the first half of pregnancy may cause congenital malformations by transplacental infection called congenital varicella syndrome Eye defects: Microphthalmia, chorioretinitis, cataracts Neurological: microcephaly, cerebral coical atrophy, neurological dysfunction of bladder and bowel sphincters ...
train
med_mcqa
null
Begins social interaction and role-playing at the age of ___________
[ "24 months", "36 months", "48 months", "60 months" ]
C
Emerging patterns of social behaviour from 1-5years of age 15months Indicates some desires or needs by pointing Hugs parents 18months Feeds self Seeks help when in trouble May complain when wet or soiled Kisses parent with pucker 24months Handles spoon well Often tells about immediate experiences Helps to undress Liste...
train
med_mcqa
null
Blood for acid base gas (ABGO analysis in a bottle containing heparin can cause decreased value of -
[ "pCO2", "HCO2", "pH", "pO2" ]
C
null
train
med_mcqa
null
A 68-year-old woman presents with a lump in the soft tissue of her neck. Physical examination reveals a 0.5-cm subcutaneous tumor. Biopsy of the mass shows a benign neoplasm. The patient is told that she has the most common soft tissue tumor. What is the appropriate diagnosis?
[ "Fibroma", "Leiomyoma", "Lipoma", "Pleomorphic adenoma" ]
C
Lipoma is composed of well-differentiated adipocytes and is the most common soft tissue mass. This benign, circumscribed tumor can originate at any site in the body that contains adipose tissue, but most appear in the subcutaneous tissues of the upper half of the body, especially on the trunk and neck. Lipomas are enco...
train
med_mcqa
null
Best method of induction of labour in hydramnios:
[ "High rupture of the membranes", "Low rupture of the membranes", "Abdominal amniocentesis followed by stabilising oxytocin drip", "Prostaglandins" ]
C
Ans. is c, i.e. Abdominal amniocentesis followed by stabilising oxytocin dripRef Dutta Obs 7/e, p 215Artificial rupture of membranes is C/l in polyhydramnios as it leads to sudden decompression of uterus which can cause abruptio placenta.Method of induction in these patients is:Amniocentesis - drainage of good amount o...
train
med_mcqa
null
Organisms causing UTI -a) Proteus vulgarisb) Chlamydiac) Nocardiad) Enterococcus
[ "ac", "a", "ad", "ab" ]
D
null
train
med_mcqa
null
True about competitive inhibition with first order kinetics
[ "Km increased, Vmax same", "Vmax increased, Km same", "Km same, Vmax decrease", "Km same, Vmax increase" ]
A
Ans. (a) Km increased, Vmax sameType of InhibitionKmVmaxCompetitive inhibitionINCREASEDSAMENon-competitive inhibitionSameDECREASEDCompetitive Inhibtion: Substrate and inhibitor, both compete for same site on enzyme.Non-competitive Inhibition: Substrate and inhibitor both bind at different sites in the enzyme.
train
med_mcqa
null
Stool specimen is transported in
[ "Cary blair medium", "Blood agar", "Selenite F broth", "Compy BAP medium" ]
A
Transport media for stool specimen are a. Cary-Blair medium b. Buffered glycerol saline c. Stuart medium  Inoculate media for routine stool culture are a. Blood agar b. MacConkey agar c. Hektoen enteric HE (agar) d. Selective media for campylobacter: Campy BAP, skirrow e. Selenite F broth or GN Broth f. Xylose-lysine...
train
med_mcqa
null
What is the best time to give oral psoralen with UVA -
[ "Half hour before UVA", "1 hour before UVA", "Half n hour after UVA", "1 hour after UVA" ]
B
Ans is 'b' i.e. 1 hour before UVA Oral PUVAo In oral PUVA, 8-MOP is administered orally (0.6 -0.8 mg/kg body weight) 1 -3 hours before exposureo For 5-MOP the usual dose is 1.2-1.8 mg/kg body weight.Topical PUVAo A lotion containing 0.1-1 % 8-MOP is applied on the affected area and is exposed to UVA either immediately ...
train
med_mcqa
null
Syncope:
[ "Is associated with bradycardia and loss of consciousness", "Never occurs in children", "Always associated with hypoglycemia", "Best treated in a sitting posture" ]
A
null
train
med_mcqa
null
Renal transplantation is most commonly done in:
[ "Chronic glomerulonephritis", "Bilateral staghorn calculus", "Horse shoe kidney", "Oxalosis" ]
A
Ans. (a) Chronic glomerulonephritisRef: Bailey and Love 26th edition, Page 1423Most common causes of renal failure and indications for transplant* Diabetes* Hypertension* Glomerulonephritis* PCKD* Renal Vascular disease* Pyleonephritis
train
med_mcqa
null
Polio virus is shed maximum in stool up to
[ "6 weeks", "12 weeks", "10 weeks", "8 weeks" ]
B
null
train
med_mcqa
null
Nanotechnology has found tremendous application in the diagnosis of cancers because of all of following advantages, except
[ "Nanocrystals exibit bright, photostable fluorescence", "Nonocrystals have a narrow spectrum wavelength", "Peak spectrum wavelength is tunable", "Nanocrystals exhibit a narrow difference between their excitation and emission peak spectra" ]
D
Ans'd. Nanocrystals exhibit a narrow difference between their excitation and emission peak spectra
train
med_mcqa
null
Visual impairment in pterygium is due to -
[ "Astigmatism", "Myopia", "Hypermetropia", "Hazy cornea" ]
A
Visual disturbances occur when it encroaches the pupillary area or due to corneal astigmatism induced due to fibrosis in the regressive stage. Occasionally diplopia may occur due to limitation of ocular movements. ref: A K KHURANA OPHTALMOLOGY,E4, Page-81
train
med_mcqa
null
First sign of pubertal development in female is –
[ "Breast enlargement", "Onset of mesturation", "Enlargement of pubic hair", "Maximum growth velocity" ]
A
null
train
med_mcqa
null
A 26-year-old primigravid woman at 42 weeks' gestation comes to the labor and delivery ward for induction of labor. The prenatal course was significant for a positive group B Streptococcus culture performed at 35 weeks. Antenatal testing over the past 2 weeks has been unremarkable. The patient is staed on lactated Ring...
[ "Infection", "IV fluids", "Postdates pregnancy", "Prostaglandin (PGE2) gel" ]
D
Prostaglandin (PGE2) gel is widely used for labor induction. In simple terms, it is used "to soften" an unorable cervix, to make the cervix more orable for induction. It has been shown to lead to an improvement in the Bishop's score, a shoer duration of labor, and deliveries. PGE2 gel can also cause uterine contraction...
train
med_mcqa
null
What is the propoion of daily rate wages payable as periodic cash pay ment under sickness Benefit of ESI Act -
[ "5-12 of the average monthly wages", "7/12 of the basic monthly wages", "8/12 of the averate daily wages", "10/12 of the average daily wages" ]
B
Ans. is `b' i.e., 7/12 of the basic monthly wages
train
med_mcqa
null
Which of the following is false regarding isoenzymes?
[ "They differ in tissue localization", "Catalyze the same reaction", "Can be supported by electrophoresis", "Isoenzymes have same Km values." ]
D
Each isoenzyme has varying affinity towards substrate and hence different Km values.
train
med_mcqa
null
The following teratogenic effect is seen with which drug?
[ "Amiodarone", "Lithium", "Valproate", "Phenytoin" ]
B
The picture shows atrial septal defect called ebstein'sanamoly which occurs as teratogenic effect due to lithium usage in pregnancyRef: Katzung 10th ed pg 472
train
med_mcqa
null
The drug used in the treatment of idiopathic hypercalciuria is -
[ "Allopurinol", "Frusemide", "Acetazolamid", "Thiazide" ]
D
null
train
med_mcqa
null
All of the following are tumour markers, EXCEPT:
[ "b-microglobulin", "HCG", "a-fetoprotein", "CEA" ]
A
Examples of tumor markers are alpha fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, human chorionic gonadotropin, lactate dehydrogenase and neuron specific enolase. Tumor markers: They are biologic markers usually proteins associated with malignancy. It may be produced by a tumor itself as a by product of malignant transformati...
train
med_mcqa
null
Epidemo keratoconjunctivitis is caused by?
[ "HSV", "Adenovirus", "Chlamydia", "HIV" ]
B
ANSWER: (B) AdenovirusREF: Khurana 4th ed p. 70VIRAL CONJUCTIVITISAcute hemorrhagic conjunctivitisEnterovirus 70 (picornavirus)Epidemic keratoconjunctivitisAdenovirus 8,19Pharyngo conjunctival feverAdenovirus 3 and 7
train
med_mcqa
null
Central organ in apoptosis is
[ "Mitochondria", "Nucleus", "Endoplasmic Reticulum", "Golgi body" ]
A
. Mitochondria
train
med_mcqa
null
The following karyotype is seen in which of the following syndromes?
[ "Bloom syndrome", "Fragile X-syndrome", "Angelman syndrome", "Cri du chat syndrome" ]
D
d. Cri du chat syndromeThere is loss of genetic material from the short arm of chromosome 5 (Chr 5p- deletion), as seen in Cri du chat syndrome
train
med_mcqa
null
End point of D/C is -
[ "After 2 strokes", "Presence of fresh bleeding", "Uterine cry", "All of the above" ]
C
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Uterine cry * The curette should be inserted gently to the uterine fundus and withdrawn slightly. To decrease the risk of perforation, do not force the curette.* The end point of this scrubbing should be the detection of a scratching/grating sensation or sound (the "uterine cry"), which represents a s...
train
med_mcqa
null
Most common presentation of Anterior wall cervical fibroid:
[ "Abdominal lump", "Urinary Frequency", "Per vaginal bleeding", "Constipation" ]
B
Anterior wall cervical fibroid can cause compression of bladder or bladder neck causing urinary symptoms like urinary frequency or retention Cervical fibroid is Rare ( 1- 2 % ) in the supravaginal pa of the cervix May be interstitial or subperitoneal variety and rarely polypoidal Depending upon the position it may be a...
train
med_mcqa
null
Chances of multiple sclerosis are maximum if
[ "Mother has the disease", "Father has the disease", "Mother is carrier", "Father is carrier" ]
A
. *In multiple sclerosis genetic factors are also relevant ,the risk of familial recurrence in MS is 15%,with highest risk in first degree relatives (age adjusted risk:4-5% for siblings and 2-3 % for parents or off spring . Ref Harrison20th edition pg 2456
train
med_mcqa
null
Abductor of larynx is
[ "Cricothyroid", "Posterior cricoarytenoid", "Thyro arytenoid", "Lateral cricoarytenoid" ]
B
movements and muscles Elevation of larynx; thyrohyoid, mylohyoid Depression of larynx; sternothyroid, sternohyoid Opening inlet of larynx; thyroepiglottic Closing inlet of larynx: aryepiglottic Abductor of vocal cords: posterior cricoarytenoid only Adductor of vocal cords: lateral cricoarytenoid transverse and oblique ...
train
med_mcqa
null
Dashboard injury results in
[ "Anterior dislocation of hip", "Posterior dislocation of hip", "Central dislocation of hip", "Fracture neck femur" ]
B
B i.e. Posterior dislocation of hip
train
med_mcqa
null
Which of the following is respiratory analeptic drug?
[ "Picrotoxin", "Methylphenidate", "Caffeine", "Doxapram" ]
D
ANSWER: (D) DoxapramREF: KDT 6th edition page 470CNS STIMULANT CLASSIFICATIONConvulsants: Strychnine, Picrotoxin, Bicuculline, Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)Analeptics: DoxapramPsychostimulants: Amphetamines, Methylphenidate, Modafinil, Pemoline, Cocaine, Caffeine.Doxapram: It acts by promoting excitation of central neurones....
train
med_mcqa
null
Time taken for spermatogenesis is:
[ "50-60 days", "60-70 days", "70-80 days", "80-90 days" ]
C
Spermtogenesis takes on average of 70-80 days (75 days) .
train
med_mcqa
null
The Fenton reaction leads to free radical generation when:
[ "Radiant energy is absorbed by water", "Hydrogen peroxide is formed by Myeloperoxidase.", "Ferrous ions are converted to ferric ions.", "Nitric oxide is converted to peroxynitrite anion." ]
C
Ans. is 'c' i.e. Ferrous ions are converted to ferric ions Free radicals are generated through Fenton's reaction.In this reaction iron is converted from its ferrous to ferric form and a free radical is generated, i.e.(H2O+Fe2+ - Fe3++OH++OH-)Note H2O2 can also react with copper instead of iron to produce free radicals....
train
med_mcqa
null
The normal cellular counterpa of oncogenes are impoant for the following function , except
[ "Promotion of cell cycle progression", "Inhibition of Apoptosis", "Promotion of DNA repairs", "Promotion of nuclear transcription" ]
C
Ref Robbins 7/e p293, 295, The normal cellular counterpa of oncogenes is known as proto oncogene.proto oncogene are impoant for cellular function related to growth and proliferation .proteins encoded by these genes may function as growth factors ligands and receptors.signal transducers, transcription factor and cell cy...
train
med_mcqa
null
A segmental compound fracture of the tibia with 12 cm skin wound along with crushed tissue and contamination but with adequate soft tissue coverage occurring in a farm is classified as:
[ "Type 1", "Type II", "Type III A", "Type IIIB" ]
C
Ans: C (Type IIIA) Ref: Rockwood and Green 's Fractures in Adults, 7th EditionExplanation:Compound fractures are classified under the Gustilo Anderson Classification of Open FracturesTYPE ILow-energy clean woundcl cm with minimal soft tissue injury and comminutionTYPE IIWound >1 cm with moderate soft-tissue damage and ...
train
med_mcqa
null
Eichosapentaenoic acid is present in -
[ "Soyabean oil", "Corn oil", "Safflower oil", "Fish oil" ]
D
<p> Essential fatty acids: Those that cannot be synthesised by humans.They can be derived from food only. The most impoant essential fatty acid is linoleic acid, which serves as the basis for production of other essential fatty acids( linolenic and arachidonic acid) . Not all PUFA are essential fatty acids. Linoleic ac...
train
med_mcqa
null
Cocket & Dodd's operation is performed for which one of the following ?
[ "Sapheno femoral flush ligation", "Subfascial ligation", "Deep vein thrombosis", "Diabetic foot" ]
B
Ref: BMJ 97 p314 Cockett and Dodd operation : Sub-fascial ligation of perforators Ref: www.ncbi.nlm.gov/pubmed/4855162
train
med_mcqa
null
The first step in the management of hirsutism due to stein leventhal syndrome is :
[ "OCP", "HMG", "Spironolactone", "Bromocriptine" ]
A
Ans. is a i.e. OCP Friends, all the options given in the question are used for treatment of PCOS but only OCP and spironolactone are used for managing hirsutism. The first step done in general practise in OPD's when a patient of PCOS comes is : Advise : Weight reduction. 'Weight reduction in obese patients is the initi...
train
med_mcqa
null
You are asked to help consult on a study which was recently completed in coastal African country. In this study, a total of 274 soldiers stationed in three different camps were examined and tested for the presence of bacterial sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positivity. In add...
[ "A case-control study", "A coho study", "A clinical trial", "A cross-sectional study" ]
D
In a cross-sectional study, a variety of independent variables can be studied for their association with the outcome variables. In this example, the independent variables would include age, years of military service, ethnicity, and region of origin. The outcome variables include the presence of bacterial sexually trans...
train
med_mcqa
null
The simple columnar and stratified columnar epithelia lining the lower pa of the anal canal is derived from
[ "Mesoderm", "Endoderm", "Ectoderm", "Neuroectoderm" ]
C
The anal canal is formed from two components--the hindgut and proctodeum. The epithelium lining the lower anal canal is derived from ectoderm lining the proctodeum. above the pectinate line develop from:-endodermal cloacae beiow the pectinate line delelop from :-ectodermal proctodeum
train
med_mcqa
null
Antigen-antibody binding occurs at
[ "Center", "Inside molecule", "Anywhere in structure", "Surface" ]
D
General features of the antigen-antibody reaction The reaction is specific, an antigen combines with only its homologous antibody and vice versa, the specificity however is not absolute. Antigen-Antibody reaction requires the presence of electrolytes at a specific pH and temperature Bonds involved in Antigen-Antibody ...
train
med_mcqa
null
The treatment of choice in Endometrial rCnar9c4i)- noma stage I is :
[ "External radiotherapy", "lntracavitary radiation", "Hysterectomy", "Chemotherapy" ]
C
Hysterectomy
train
med_mcqa
null
Which of the following is true regarding Typhoid in children :
[ "Leukochyosis is characteristic", "Encephalitis is common", "Mild splenomegaly is usual", "Urine culture is positive in 4 to 6 days" ]
C
Typhoid in children : Splenomegaly is usual and seen in about 90% of patients. The spleen is palpable for 1 of 2 cm below the costal margin (Mild Splenonzegaly) in over 2/3 rd of patients. Blood counts usually show a normal or low leukocyte count (not leuhocytosis). There is always a moderate neutropenia leading to re...
train
med_mcqa
null
Which of the following is/are the etiological factors for ECC
[ "At will breast feeding", "Prolonged bottle feeding", "Frequent use of syrupy medicines which are sweetened", "All of the above" ]
D
null
train
med_mcqa
null
True about spinal cord:
[ "In adults spinal cord ends at lower border of L1 veebra", "In newborn may extend up to L3", "Cauda equine extends from lumbar veebra to coccyx", "All" ]
D
A, B, C i.e. In adults spinal cord ends at lower border of Li veebra, In newborn may extend up to L3, Cauda equine extends from lumbar veebra to coccyx
train
med_mcqa
null
A4 year baby is having large face, large jaw, large ear and macro orchidism is -
[ "Mc Cuneal bright syndrome", "Down's syndrome", "Cri-du chat syndrome", "Fragile X syndrome" ]
D
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Fragile X syndrome Fragile X syndrome o Fragile X syndrome is the prototype of diseases in which the mutation is characterized by a long repeating sequence of three nucleotides. o Normally, a codon is triplet (trinucleotide). o In these type of disorders, this trinucleotide sequence undergoes amplific...
train
med_mcqa
null
Retinal detachment occurs between -
[ "Layers of neurosensory retina", "Neurosensory retina and pigment epithelium", "Pigment epithelium and choroid", "None of the above" ]
B
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Neurosensory retina and pigment epithelium o Retina has total ten layers from with out inward(i) Pigmented epithelium, (ii) Layers of Rods & cones, (iii) External limiting membrane, (iv) Outer nuclear layer, (v) Outer plexiform layers, (vi) Inner nuclear layer, (vii) Inner plexiform layer, (viii) Gang...
train
med_mcqa
null
Congenital rubella syndrome is associated with:
[ "Cataract", "Sensory neural hearing loss", "Congenital heart disease", "All of above" ]
D
d. All of above(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 1548-1551)High Yielding Points about Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS)Nerve deafness is the single most common finding among infants with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS)Retinal findings described as salt & pepper retinopathy are the most common ocular abnormalityUnilateral or bila...
train
med_mcqa
null
What is not a CT finding in bronchiectasis?
[ "Tree in bud appearance", "Crazy paving appearance", "Signet ring appearance", "Traction bronchiectasis with lung fibrosis" ]
B
While chest radiographs lack sensitivity, the presence of "tram tracks" indicating dilated airways is seen with bronchiectasis. Chest CT is more specific for bronchiectasis and is the imaging modality of choice for confirming the diagnosis. CT findings include airway dilation detected as a parallel "tram tracks" or as ...
train
med_mcqa
null
Which surgical procedure has the highest incidence of ureteric injury :
[ "Vaginal hysterectomy", "Abdominal hysterectomy", "Weheim's hysterectomy", "Anterior colporrhaphy" ]
C
Weheim's hysterectomy Because of the close anatomical association between ureter and Genital organs, ureteric injury is not uncommon during Gynaecological surgery. "About 75% of Ureteral injuries result from Gynaecological operations and 75% of them occur following abdominal Gynaecological procedures." From the above l...
train
med_mcqa
null
Radio opaque stone is
[ "Uric acid stone", "Triamterene", "Struvite", "All of the above" ]
C
Radio opaque stones - Cystine, struvite, calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate.
train
med_mcqa
null
Copper-T is preferably inseed postnatal, after:
[ "2 weeks", "4 weeks", "5 weeks", "8 weeks" ]
D
Timings of IUD inseion During menstruation or within 10 days of begining of menstrual period: Best time for IUD inseion Cervical canal diameter greatest, lesser expulsive, least risk of pregnancy. Immediate post-paum inseion: During 1st week after delivery before woman leaves hospital. High chance of perforation High c...
train
med_mcqa
null
All of the following are associated with frozen shoulder except
[ "Diabetes", "Hypehyroidism", "Psoriasis", "Hemiplegis" ]
C
Answer- C. PsoriasisFrozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis ot periahritis is of shoulder, is characterized,by progressive pain andstiffness of the shoulder which usually resolves spontaneously after about l8 months.The condition is paicularly associated with-DiabetesDupuytren's diseaseHyperlipidemiaCardiac ...
train
med_mcqa
null
True about dementia is: Karnataka 07
[ "Alzheimer's disease is due to multiple small strokes in the cerebral coex", "Dementia is the loss of distant memory", "Dementia due to atherosclerosis does not progress like Alzheimer's", "Alzheimer's disease is associated with an increase in ACh release in the cerebral coex" ]
B
Ans. Dementia is the loss of distant memory
train
med_mcqa
null