question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
values | rationale stringlengths 0 22.5k ⌀ | split stringclasses 1
value | dataset stringclasses 6
values | subject stringclasses 1
value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Order of development of secondary sexual characteristics in male- | [
"Testicular development- pubic hair- axillary hair-beard",
"Pubic hair- testicular development- axillary hair--beard",
"Testicular development- beard- pubic hair- axillary hair",
"Axillary hair-beard- pubic hair- testicular development"
] | A | The sequence of development of secondary sexual characteristics in boys: Testicular enlargement - Penis enlargement - Pubic hair growth- Peak growth velocity -Axillary hair -Facial hair | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 10 year old child due to choked suddenly on consuming food . On the failed attempt of Valsalva's manoeuvre a needle cricothyrotomywas performed . It would open into which of the following regions? | [
"Rima glottidis",
"Laryngeal vestibule",
"Laryngeal ventricle",
"Infraglottic cavity"
] | D | Infraglottic cavity extends from rima glottidis to the lower border of the cricoid cailage. The rima glottidis is the space between the vocal folds and arytenoid cailages. Vestibule extends from the laryngeal inlet to the vestibular folds. Ventricle extends between vestibular fold and the vocal fold. Piriform recess is... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lipid profile in diabetes is A/E - | [
"Decreased TG",
"Increased HDL",
"increased LDL",
"decreased Cholesterol"
] | C | Lipid abnormalities in patients with diabetes, often termed "diabetic dyslipidemia", are typically characterized by high total cholesterol (T-Chol), high triglycerides (Tg), low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and increased levels of small dense LDL paicles. Ref - davidsons 23e topic diabetes p719 | train | med_mcqa | null |
A man, after skinning a dead animal, developed a pustule on his hand. A smear is prepared from the lesion showed the presence of Gram-positive bacilli in long chains which were positive for McFadyean&;s reaction. The most likely aetiological agent is | [
"Clostridium tetani",
"Listeria monocytogenes",
"Bacillus anthracis",
"Actinomyces species"
] | C | The person is likely to have anthrax caused by Bacillus anthracis. Anthrax is a zoonotic disease. Infected animals shed in discharges from mouth, nose and rectum, large numbers of bacilli that sporulate in the soil and remain as the source of infection. Bacillus anthracis is a gram-positive bacillus, found singly, in p... | train | med_mcqa | null |
For exhumation the order should be passed by - | [
"Chief judicial magistrate",
"Executive magistrate",
"Police officer",
"Session judge"
] | B | The body is exhumed only when, there is written order from the executive magistrate. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cell motility is due to protein | [
"Motilin",
"Centromere",
"Microtubule",
"Microfilament"
] | C | Microtubules contains globular proteins - α and β tubulin which helps in cell motility and intracellular transport. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Serum amyloid associated protein is found in: | [
"Alzheimer's disease",
"Chronic inflammatory states",
"Chronic renal failure",
"Malignant hypeension"
] | B | The AA (amyloid-associated) type of amyloid fibril protein is derived from a unique non-Ig protein made by the liver. A fibrils are derived by proteolysis from a larger precursor in the serum called SAA (serum amyloid-associated)protein. The production of SAA protein is increased in inflammatory states as pa of the acu... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A young man develops gross hematuria 3 days after an attack of UI; likely renal pathology - | [
"Acute glomerulonephritis",
"Minimal change disease",
"IgA nephropathy",
"Membranous glomeruloonephritis"
] | C | IgA nephropathy (nuh-FROP-uh-thee), also known as Berger's disease, is a kidney disease that occurs when an antibody called immunoglobulin A (IgA) builds up in your kidneys. This results in local inflammation that, over time, can hamper your kidneys' ability to filter waste from your blood. Ref Harrison20th edition pg ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Metabolism of xenobiotics is done by - | [
"Cytochrome",
"Cytochrome p450",
"Cytochrome C",
"Cytochrome A"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Cytochrome p450 o Biotransformation reactions (metabolism) of drugs can be classified :A. Non-synthetic (phase I) reactions# Metabolism brings about a change in the drug molecule by:1. Oxidation2. Reduction3. Hydrolysis4. Cyclization5. Decyclization# The new metabolite may retain biological activity o... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Substrate concentration at which Vi is half the maximal velocity attainable at a paicular concentration of enzyme is called as | [
"Vmax",
"Vmax/2",
"Km",
"Km/2"
] | C | Rate of a reaction or velocity (V) is directly propoional to the enzyme concentration when sufficient substrate is present. The velocity of the reaction is increased propoionately with the concentration of enzyme, provided substrate concentration is unlimited ii. Hence, this propey is made use of in determining the lev... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The commonest cause of unilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia is: | [
"Diabetes mellitus",
"Hypeension",
"Multiple sclerosis",
"Lead toxicity"
] | A | Ans. Diabetes mellitus | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pulmonary tuberculosis is more common in the following asssoctiated diseases except | [
"Aids",
"Diabetes",
"Chronic renal failure",
"Mitral stenosis"
] | D | Refer Pg 367 Pulmonary tuberculosis is defined as an active infection of the lungs (latin pulmo = lung). It is the most impoant TB infection, because an infection of the lungs is highly contagious due to the mode of droplet transmission. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Denver shunt used in? | [
"Ascites",
"Dialysis",
"Raised ICP",
"Raised IOP"
] | A | Denver shunt is a one way valve peritoneo-venous shunt done in order to drain ascitic fluid from peritoneal cavity to internal jugular vein with additional facility of having a chamber to evacuate the debris by digital pressure. Reference : page 626 SRB's manual of surgery 5th edition | train | med_mcqa | null |
Tendon of which of the following muscle can be felt at radial border of the anatomical snuff box. | [
"Extensor pollicis longus",
"Extensor pollicis bravis",
"Extensor pollicis ulnaris",
"Extensor digitorium"
] | B | Extensor pollicis bravis. BOUNDARIES OF ANATOMICAL SNUFF BOX The posterior border of the snuffbox is the tendon of the extensor pollicis longus. The anterior border (closest to the edge of the hand) is a pair of parallel and intimate tendons, of the extensor pollicis brevis and the abductor pollicis longus. (Accordingl... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The risk of recurrence of congenital hea disease is | [
"0.80%",
"1%",
"2-6%",
"10-12%"
] | C | The incidence of congenital hea disease in the normal population is 0.8%.The risk increases to 2-6% for a second child if the sibling is having congenital hea disease(recurrence) or if the parent is affected.When two 1st degree relatives have congenital hea disease, the risk for the subsequent child may reach 20-30%.VS... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Vitum's sign is seen in - | [
"Tricuspid Regurgitation",
"Mitral Stenosis",
"Aoic Stenosis",
"Aoic Regurgitation"
] | A | Answer- A. Tricuspid Regurgitation Increase in intensity of the murmur on pressing the liver is celled vitum's sign.It is associated with "Vitum's sign". | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about U waves is all except | [
"It is due to Delayed repolarisation of Purkinje fibres",
"Maximum normal amplitude of the U wave is 1-2 mm",
"The U wave normally goes in the opposite direction as the T wave",
"U waves generally become visible when the hea rate falls below 65 bpm"
] | C | The U wave normally goes in the same direction as the T waveU -wave size is inversely propoional to hea rate: the U wave grows bigger as the hea rate slows downU waves generally become visible when the hea rate falls below 65 bpm | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug containing two sulfhydryl groups in a molecule? | [
"BAL",
"EDTA",
"Pencillamine",
"None of the above"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., BAL o Dimercaprol (British Anti-Lewisite, BAL) contains two sulfahydryl groups. Note - Penicillamine has one SH group. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The absorption of glucose from the gut into intestinal mucosal cells is coupled to Na+,K+ ATPase. In contrast, the movement of glucose from the intestinal epithelial cells into the submucosal bloodstream occurs through passive transpo. Given these facts, which of the following statements can be true at one time or anot... | [
"Levels of plasma glucose are approximately equal to levels in the cytosol of intestinal epithelial cells",
"Free glucose levels in the lumen of the intestine can never be higher than levels in intestinal cells",
"Plasma glucose levels are much higher than intestinal cell cytosolic levels of glucose",
"Levels... | B | The plasma membranes of intestinal epithelial cells contain a sodium gradient that drives the active transpo of glucose. The rate and amount of glucose transpoed depend upon the sodium gradient maintained across the plasma membrane. Sodium ions entering the cell in the company of glucose are pumped out again by Na+,K+-... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Vaccine given at birth is: | [
"OPV",
"DPT",
"Measles",
"MMR"
] | A | Ans: a (OPV) Ref: Park, 19 ed, p. 105At birth OPV zero dose and BCG are givenNational immunization schedulea) For infantsAt birthAt 6 weeksBCG and OPV - 0 doseBCG (if not given at birth)DPT-1 and OPV-1At 10 weeksDPT-2 and OPV-2At 14 weeksDPT-3 and OPV-3at 9 monthsmeaslesb) At 16-24 months-DPT and OPVc) 5- 6 years-DTThe... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Topical immunomodulator used for the treatment of genital was is: | [
"Imiquimod",
"Podophylline",
"Interferon",
"Acyclovir"
] | A | Genital wa treatments that can be applied directly to your skin include: Imiquimod (Aldara, Zyclara). This cream appears to boost the immune system's ability to fight genital was. Avoid sexual contact while the cream is on your skin. It may weaken condoms and diaphragms and may irritate. One possible side effect is red... | train | med_mcqa | null |
"Apprehension sign" is seen in dislocation of: | [
"Shoulder joint",
"Hip joint",
"Elbow joint",
"Patella"
] | A | (Shoulder joint) (74-M) (289-Apley's 8th)APPREHENSION TEST - With the patient seated or lying the examiner cautiously lifts the arm into abduction, external rotation, and then extension. At the crucial moment the patient senses that the humeral head is about to slip out anteriorly and his body tautens in apprehension t... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 58 year old man shows positive Rinne test. He probably have: | [
"Wax in ear",
"Chronic suppurative otitis media",
"Otomycosis",
"Normal hearing"
] | D | A Rinne test compares the ability to hear by air conduction with the ability to hear by bone conduction. Rinne is positive when AC is longer or louder than BC. It is seen in normal persons or those having sensorineural hearing loss. A negative Rinne (BC>AC) is seen in conductive deafness. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following enzymes is involved in the process of both cholesterol and ketone bodies metabolism | [
"HMG CoA reductase",
"HMG CoA synthase",
"HMG CoA lyase",
"Thiokinase"
] | B | HMG CoA synthase
The first two reactions in the cholesterol synthetic pathway and ketone bodies synthesis are the same
First, two acetyl CoA molecules condense to form acetoacetyl CoA in the presence of thiolase.
Next, the third molecule of acetyl-CoA is added to produce HMG-CoA, a reaction catalyzed by enzyme HMG-... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is the most common site of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage? | [
"Anterior communicating aery",
"Basilar aery",
"Posterior communicating aery",
"Middle cerebral aery"
] | A | Berry aneurysms are most common in anterior circulatation. (Overall) MC site of aneurysmal SAH: Anterior communicating aery causing worst headache of life. If in the question mentioned 3rd nerve is involved and site was asked : (PCA) Post Communicating Aery ,would be the answer. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not true about ocular manifestation of HIV? | [
"50% of patients have cotton wool spots",
"Kaposi's sarcoma can be present on the eyelids",
"75% show vascular narrowing",
"Cotton wool spot harbors CMV"
] | D | Ophthalmologic problems occur in ~50% of patients with advanced HIV infection. These are:- Funduscopy- cotton-wool spots-represent areas of retinal ischemia secondary to microvascular disease and are axoplasmic debris of dead neurons and don't harbour CMV, no visual loss--> patient stable/ improve with time CMV retinit... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Risk factor for carcinoma stomach include all of the following, Except: | [
"Blood group A",
"Atrophic Gastrititis",
"Duodenal Peptic ulcer",
"Paial Gastrectomy"
] | C | Answer is C (Duodenal Peptic ulcer) Gastric adenocarcinoma may be associated with long standing gastric peptic ulcers (small risk) but not with duodenal ulcers. Atrophic gastritis, paial gastrectomy and blood group A have all been included in the list of risk factors for gastric adenocarcinoma. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following does not lead to pigment gall stones | [
"TPN",
"Clonorchis sinensis",
"Hemolytic anemia",
"Alcoholic cirrhosis"
] | A | Predisposing factors for Black stones Hemolytic disorders(Heriditary spherocytosis, sickle cell anemia) Mechanical prosthetic hea valves Cirrhosis Gilbe's syndrome Cystic fibrosis Ileal disease or resection Brown stones Related to stasis and infection Gram negative bacteria (E.coli and Klebsiella) secretes beta-glucuro... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of following are associated with external oblique muscle: | [
"Poupas ligament",
"Lacunar ligament",
"Superficial inguinal ring",
"All"
] | D | A i.e. Poupa ligament; B i.e. Lacunar ligament; C i.e. Superficial inguinal ring- External oblique muscle forms inguinal (Poupa) ligament, lacunar ligament and pectineal (Cooper's) ligamentQ (Mn IPL ligaments), superficial inguinal ring and external spermatic fasciaQ.Internal oblique muscle forms cremastric fascia & mu... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are proved to delay or prevent diabetes in those with impaired glucose tolerance, except | [
"Lifestyle modification",
"Metformin",
"Orlistat",
"Atorvastatin"
] | D | Intensive changes in lifestyle (diet and exercise for 30 min/d five times/week) in individuals with IGT prevented or delayed the development of type 2 DM by 58% compared to placebo. In the same study, metformin prevented or delayed diabetes by 31% compared to placebo.A number of agents, including a-glucosidase inhibito... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 70-year-old male presents with hearing loss and tinnitus. On examination, he has a conductive type of deafness and a dull tympanic membrane on the right side. Lymph nodal enlargement of 3x3 cm was noted in the posterior triangle of the neck. Tympanogram revealed a type B wave. The most likely diagnosis is | [
"Middle ear tumor",
"Nasopharyngeal malignancy",
"Acoustic neuroma",
"Tuberculosis of middle ear"
] | B | Due to the obstruction of the eustachian tube, there is a conductive hearing loss with serious or suppurative otitis media. Tinnitus and dizziness may occur. Presence of unilateral serous otitis media in an adult should raise suspicion of nasopharyngeal growth. Rarely, the tumour grows up the tube into the middle ear. ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 68-year-old female smoker is seen in the ER due to mild hemoptysis and cough with 1 to 2 teaspoons of light-green sputum production in the A.M. She uses inhalers as needed for occasional shoness of breath. A routine chest x-ray is obtained.The abnormality seen on the CXR is most likely due to | [
"Asbestos exposure",
"Old TB with thoracoplasty",
"Lung cancer",
"Chronic bronchitis"
] | B | There is a large, opaque, calcified pleural-based chest wall opacity in the left upper thorax with distoion of the left thoracic cage. The upper left ribs are abnormal and the chest wall is depressed. These changes are a sequela to lung collapse therapy with thoracoplasty Thoracoplasty is the excision of substantial se... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Failure rate of vasectomy is | [
"0.20%",
"0.10%",
"3%",
"10%"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
When should you perform Widal test in a case of Typhoid? | [
"1st week",
"2nd week",
"3rd week",
"4th week"
] | B | Lab diagnosis for typhoid B - Blood culture - 1st week A - Agglutination Test - 2nd week S - Stool culture - 3rd week U - Urine culture - 4th week Widal test Highly sensitive but poorly specific Also biological false positive in - Infectious mono nucleosis Malaria SLE For Widal paired testing should be done | train | med_mcqa | null |
Oedipus complex (given by Sigmund Freud) is seen in - | [
"Boys of 1 - 3 years of age",
"Girls of 1 - 3 years of age",
"Boys of 3 - 5 years of age",
"Girls of 3 - 5 years of age"
] | C | Characteristic of phallic (oedipal) phase (3-5 years)
In boys → Castration anxiety, Oedipus complex.
In girls → Penis envy, Electra complex. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following occur in botulism except: | [
"Diplopia",
"Diarrhoea",
"Dysphagia",
"Dysarthria"
] | B | Botulism toxin acts as parasympatholytic. So, it causes severe constipation, not diarrhoea. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which MRI sequence is based on anisotropic movements? | [
"DWI",
"SWI",
"DTI",
"FLAIR"
] | C | Anisotropy- Propey of being directionally dependent, which implies different propeies in different directions, as opposed to isotropy. DTI- Diffussion tensor imaging/tractography is based on Anisotropic movements DWI - Diffusion weighted imaging is based on Brownian Movements Functional MRI - Is based On BOLD(Blood oxy... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of following tests in used to detect semen? | [
"Phenolphthalein test",
"Reine's test",
"Barberio's test",
"Paraffin test"
] | C | Tests to detect seminal fluid are Florence test, Barberio's test, acid phosphatase test, creatine phosphokinase test, ammonium molybdate test, and glycoprotein P30 test. Ref: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine By K. Park, 6th Edition, Pages 7.15, 7.16, 7.26; Concise Textbook of Forensic Medicine and Toxi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Fluoride chewable tablets are preferred because: | [
"More F is ingested",
"Easily acceptable",
"Daily topical application occurs",
"Economical"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pulsatile otorrhoea is seen in: | [
"Glomus tumour",
"CSF otorrhea",
"ASOM",
"Fistula"
] | C | Ans. C ASOMASOM -In stage of suppuration-pulsatile otorrhea is present .Light house sign: Seen in ASOM when pulsatile otorrhea reflects light intermittently on-otoscopy | train | med_mcqa | null |
Man is both intermediate and definitive host for- | [
"T. Solium",
"T.Saginata",
"D. Latum",
"Dicroftis hominis"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., T. solium . Usually T. solium passes its life cycle in two hosts : 1) The definitive host, --> Man 2) The intermediate host Pig Man gets infected by ingestion of undercooked pork, containing cysticercus cellulosae. . Occasionally man gets infected in the same way as pig, by ingestion of eggs (either b... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Vaginal cytology for hormonal change is best taken from: | [
"Posterior wall",
"Anterior wall",
"Lateral wall",
"Any wall"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ivor Lewis operation is done for | [
"Carcinoma oesophagus",
"Achalasia cardia",
"Hiatus hernia",
"GERD"
] | A | In carcinoma surgery alone is best suited to patients with disease confined to the oesophagus (T1b, T2)The most widely practiced oesophagotomy approach is the two-phase Ivor Lewis operation, especially distal tumors.Three-phase oesophagectomy (McKeown) may be more appropriate for more proximal tumours in order to achie... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 5 year old male child has multiple hyperpigmented macules over the trunk. On rubbing the lesion with the rounded end of a pen, he developed uicarial wheal, confined to the border of the lesion. The most likely diagnosis is | [
"Fixed drug eruption",
"Licken planus",
"Uicaria pigmentosa",
"Uicarial vasculitis"
] | C | Uicaria is characterized by large, irregularly shaped pruritic, erythematous wheels Special forms of uicaria have special features (Dermographism, cholinergic uicaria, solar uicaria, or cold uicaria) Most incidents are acute and self-limited over a period of 1-2 weeks Chronic uicaria (episodes lasting> 6 weeks) may hav... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Sacroccygeal teratoma is embryological remnant of:- | [
"Neural tube",
"Allantois",
"Notochord",
"Primitive streak"
] | D | Sacrococcygeal teratoma Teratomas occur most frequently in the neonatal period, sacrococcygeal region is the MC site More common in females Thought to be a derivative of the primitive streak Most often an obvious external presacral mass. Most of the tumor is usually external, with a minimal intrapelvic presacral compon... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 40-year-old woman complains of episodes of severe unilateral, stabbing facial pain that is intermittent for several hours, and then disappears for several days. Physical examination is entirely normal. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? | [
"trigeminal neuralgia",
"herpes zoster",
"acoustic neuroma",
"Bell palsy"
] | A | The cause of trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux) is unknown, although some cases may be caused by compression of the trigeminal nerve by arteries or veins of the posterior fossa. The pain occurs in paroxysms and is strictly limited to one or more branches of the fifth cranial nerve. Paroxysms may be brief or last up ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Essential criteria for TOF includes all, EXCEPT: | [
"Valvular stenosis",
"Infundibular stenosis",
"Over riding of aoa",
"RVH"
] | A | ToF is the most common cyanotic congenital hea malformation and one of the first complex lesions to be successfully repaired. ToF occurs in 7% to 10% of children with CHD. The four characteristic findings in ToF are (1) a malaligned VSD, (2) RV outflow or pulmonary valve or aery stenosis or atresia, (3) a dextroposed o... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Clinical features of pyloric stenosis in infants are All /Except | [
"Abdominal lump",
"Constipation",
"Weight loss",
"Metabolic acidosis"
] | D | Metabolic alkalosis, not acidosis is seen in hypertrophic pyloric stenosis due to loss of hydrogen ions in repeated vomiting.
As the hypertrophic pyloric stenosis progresses, complete gastric outlet obstruction occurs and not even clear fluids are able to pass. This leads to constipation or passage of small green "star... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is a prerequisite for shade selection for composites? | [
"Tooth should not be dry as drying increases translucency",
"Tooth should not be wet as moisture increases translucency",
"Tooth should not be dry as drying decreases translucency",
"Tooth should not be wet as it decreases translucency"
] | C | Shade of the tooth is determined before teeth are subjected to drying because dehydrated tooth becomes lighter in colour as a result of decrease in translucency.
Thus shade is selected on a wet tooth.
Reference- Sturdevant 6th ed Pg-483 | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 50-year-old man presents with complaints of bilateral morning stiffness in his wrists and knees and painful joints on exercise. On physical examination, the joints are slightly swollen. The rest of the examination is unremarkable. His laboratory findings are also negative except for slight anemia, elevated erythrocyt... | [
"Inhibition of Dihydrofolate reductase enzyme",
"Increased extracellular levels of adenosine",
"Inhibition of assembly of microtubules in neutrophils impairing chemotaxis",
"Inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzyme"
] | B | The x-ray knee shows joint space narrowing, sclerosis and osteophytosis- suggestive of Osteoahritis. Methotrexate's principal mechanism of action at the low doses used in the rheumatic diseases probably relates to inhibition of amino-imidazolecarboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) transformylase and thymidylate synthetase.... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Atrial fibrillation occurs in all except | [
"Mitral stenosis",
"Hypothyroidism",
"Dilated cardiomyopathy",
"Mitral regurgitation"
] | B | Atrial fibrillation can occur in hypehyroidism, not hypothyroidism. Other causes are: CAD Valvular hea diseases Hypeension Sinoatrial disease Alcohol Cardiomyopathy Congenital hea disease Chest infection Pulmonary embolism Pericardial disease Idiopathic Reference Harrison 20th edition pg 1433 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Peripheral aneurysm most commonly located at | [
"Femoral aery",
"Popliteal aery",
"Brachial aery",
"Axillary aery"
] | B | . Ans : (b) Popliteal aery - Popliteal aery aneurysm accounts for 70% of all peripheral aneurysms ; two- thirds are bilateral. - Almost all patients (97%) with Popliteal aery aneurysms are male. | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about benzodiazepines ? | [
"Increased release of GABA",
"Antagonzing release of GABA",
"Lorazepam is shoer acting than temazepam",
"Atropine is its antagonist"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Lorazepam is shoer acting than temazepam Lorazepam has VA 10-20 hours, while Temazepam has VA 10-40 hours. About other options BZDs do not increase or decrease the release of GABA, they bind on GABAA receptors and increase Cl- conductance - GABA facilitatory action. Flumazenil (not atropine) is the an... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 46-year-old woman with hypertension and diabetes mellitus type II comes to the physician because of elevated blood pressure despite diet and exercise. She takes metformin to control her diabetes, Her temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), blood pressure is 146/72 mmHg, a pulse is 76/mm, respirations are 16/mu, and oxygen satu... | [
"Amlodipine",
"Furosemide",
"Lisinopril",
"Spironolactone"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Straight back syndrome is associated with? | [
"Mitral valve Prolapse",
"Ankylosing spondylitis",
"Osteopetrosis",
"Cor-triatriatum"
] | A | Straight back syndrome: Loss of thoracic kyphosis (antero-posterior diameter of chest is relatively lesser), so place available for hea is also less. Hea is sandwiched b/w thoracic veebrae, sternum and rib cage. Causes Mitral valve Prolapse =>Mid Systolic click Ankylosing spondylitis - AR condition | train | med_mcqa | null |
HOME should be carried out for: | [
"1 minute.",
"20-30 sec.",
"10 sec.",
"15-20 sec."
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Thyroid carcinoma with pulsatile vascular skeletal metastasis is | [
"Medullary",
"Anaplastic",
"Follicular",
"Papillary"
] | C | Pulsatile secondaries are seen in: Follicular carcinoma Thyroid Renal cell carcinoma ref - Srb's manual of surgery 5e p481 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Memory cells are best provided by? | [
"Helper cells",
"Cytotoxic cells",
"Macrophages",
"NK cells"
] | A | Ans. is. 'a' i.e., Helper cells * T-cells constitutes 60%-70% of the circulating peripheral lymphocytes. Based on their surface markers, target cells and functions the following T cell category have been identified :-A) Helper T-cells (Inducer T-cells)# These cells constitute 60% of total T-cells. These have CD4 surfac... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hypercalciuria is seen in: | [
"Hyperparathyroidism",
"Vit. D intoxication",
"Sarcoidosis",
"All"
] | D | Answer is D (All of the above): Hypercakiuria may be associated with Vitamin D intoxication (hypervitaminosis D), Sarcoidosis and hyperparathyroidism. Causes of Hypercalciuria-associated Nephrolithiasis in Children and Adults Idiopathic hypercalciuria Increased intestinal calcium absorption - Granulomatous disease e.g.... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following nerve is commonly damaged during McBurney's incision? | [
"Subcostal nerve",
"10th thoracic nerve",
"11th thoracic nerve",
"Iliohypogastric nerve"
] | D | The nerve commonly damaged during McBurney's incision is Iliohypogastric Nerve. Damage to this nerve result in the development of right inguinal hernia. Mc Burney's incision/ grid iron incision is commonly done for appendectomy. In this an oblique incision is made in the right iliac fossa about 5cm above and medial to ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Sodium channels are specifically blocked by: | [
"Nifedipine",
"Tetrodotoxin",
"Tetraethyl lead",
"Choline"
] | B | Another means for studying the flow of ions through an individual type of channel is to block one type of channel at a time. For instance, the sodium channels can be blocked by a toxin called tetrodotoxin when it is applied to the outside of the cell membrane where the sodium activation gates are located. Converse... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Transfer of drug resistance in Staphylococcus is by | [
"Transduction",
"Transformation",
"Conjugation",
"Transfection"
] | A | Beta-lactamase(penicillinase) inactivates penicillin by splitting beta-lactam ring. Penicillinase is an inducible enzyme and its production is usually controlled by plasmids which are transmitted by transduction or conjugation. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 13 year girl with fatigue and weakness was found to be having reduced hemoglobin. Her MCV 70FC, MCH22pg and RDW 28. What is her likely diagnosis | [
"Iron deficiency anemia",
"Thalassemia major",
"Sideroblastic anemia",
"Thalassemia minor"
] | A | Decreased heamoglobin with the clinical features of fatigue and weakness is diagnostic of anemia.
MCV is 70% Ft, So, microcytosis is present (normal MCV is 80-96ft)
MCH is 22pg, so, decreased MCH is suggestive of hypochromic anermia (normal MCH is 27 - 33 pg)
Red Cell distribution with (RDW) is the co efficient of vari... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Optic atrophy can be caused by poisoning -a) Phosphorusb) Ethyl alcoholc) Methyl alcohol d) Lead | [
"bc",
"c",
"ac",
"ad"
] | A | Both methyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol can cause optic atrophy. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Sclera is thinnest at | [
"Near the optic nerve",
"At inseion of the extra ocular muscles",
"Around the limbus",
"Nasally"
] | B | (Refer: AK Khurana Comprehensive Ophthalmology, 6th edition, pg no. 140) The thickest pa of the sclera - Near the optic nerve (at the posterior pole)The thinnest pa of the sclera- Near the inseion of extraocular muscles ref khurana 6th edition pg 566 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Kaposi sarcoma is related to which virus? | [
"HPV 16",
"HHV-8",
"EBV",
"CMV"
] | B | ANSWER: (B) HHV-8REF: Jawetzs microbiology 24th edition chapter 33 Table 33-2"The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, designated as human herpesvirus 8, is classified in the Rhadinovirus genus"Classification of Human Herpesviruses: Biologic PropertiesExamplesSubfamilyGrowth Cycle andCytopathologyLatent InfectionsO... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are contraindications for breast conserving surgery except | [
"Tumours more than 4cm in size",
"Multicentricity",
"Centrally located tumour",
"Prior neoadjuvant chemotherapy"
] | D | Answer- D. Prior neoadjuvant chemotherapyInvolves resection of the primary breast cancer with a margin of normal-appearing breast tissue, adjuvant radiation therapy with or without assessment of axillary lymph node status. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Small cell carcinoma features are | [
"Commonest malignancy of lung",
"Associated with paraneoplastic syndrome",
"Don't cause SVC syndrome",
"none"
] | B | Small cell carcinomas are frequently hilar or central in location,have strong relationship to cigarette smoking and are highly malignant tumours.They are most often associated with ectopic hormone production because of the presence of neurosecretory granules in majority of the tumour cells.Hence they can produce parane... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 45-year-old was given steroids after renal transplant. After 2 years he had difficulty in walking and pain in both hips. Which one of the following is most likely cause? | [
"Primary Osteoarthritis",
"Avascular necrosis",
"Tuberculosis",
"Aluminum toxicity"
] | B | Ans. B. Avascular necrosisMnemonic for causes of avascular necrosis other than fracture - SCLERAa. S-Steroidsb. C-Caisson's diseasec. LE - Lupus Erythematosusd. R-Radiatione. A-Alcohol | train | med_mcqa | null |
Einthoven's law | [
"I + III = II",
"I – III = II",
"I + II + III = 0",
"I + III = avL"
] | A | Einthoven's Law states that if the electrical potentials of any two of the three bipolar limb electrocardiographic leads are known at any given instant, the third one can be determined mathematically by simply summing the first two (but note that the positive and negative signs of the different leads must be observed w... | train | med_mcqa | null |
GFR is determined by the following | [
"Bowman capsule pressure",
"Hydrostatic pressure",
"Plasma oncotic pressure",
"All of the above"
] | D | GFR = K * EF ....... EF means effective pressure which depends on all pressures mentioned above. Ref: guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12 edition:464,465,466 | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are true about zygomatic bone fracture except: | [
"Also known as Tripod fracture",
"Best diagnosed by X-ray Water's view",
"Associated with flattening of malar prominence",
"Treatment of choice is open reduction and internal fixation"
] | B | ZYGOMATIC BONE FRACUTURE - MC fracture of the middle third of the face (Nose> zygomatic bone) - Also known as tripod fracture, because the zygoma is fractured at 3 processes - X-ray water's view-Diagnosis - CT scan: best for diagnosis of zygomatic bone fracture. Treatment - Only displaced fractures require treatment - ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Fundoscopic featuresof papilledema indude all the following except - | [
"Ill- defined disc margin",
"Deep physiological cup",
"Absent venous pulsation",
"Bending of blood vessels"
] | B | Clinical features of papilloedema can be described under four headings. 1.Early papilloedema. 2.established papilloedema 3.chronic or long standing 4.atrophic papilloedema Clinical features include: *obscuration of disc margin.Absence of venous pulsation at disc. Physiological cup of optic is obliterated. Multiple cott... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 55 year old post menopausal woman, on hormone replacement therapy(H), presents with heaviness in both breasts. A screening mammogram reveals a high density speculated mass with cluster of pleomorphic microcalcification and ipsilateral large axillary lymph nodes. The mass described here is most likely | [
"Cystosarcoma phyllodes",
"Lymphoma",
"Fibro adenoma",
"Carcinoma"
] | D | . | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hypoparathyraoidism is seen in all of the following except: | [
"Digeorge syndrome",
"Chronic renal failure",
"Wilsons disease",
"Haemochromatosis"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Life span of Cu-T- 380A | [
"10 years",
"20 years",
"1 years",
"5 years"
] | A | Cu-T- 380A is approved for 10 years but it has been demonstrated to maintain its efficacy for at least 12 years of use Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, Page no: 497 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Among the given conditions the least infectious type of TB is seen in which of the following associations? | [
"Cavitary pulmonary disease",
"Laryngeal TB",
"Sputum with 1,00,000 AFB/ml",
"HIV patients with TB"
] | D | The most infectious patients have cavitary pulmonary disease or, much less commonly, laryngeal TB and produce sputum containing as many as 105-107 AFB/mL. Persons with both HIV infection and TB are less likely to have cavitations, they may be less infectious than persons without HIV co-infection. Reference: Harrisons P... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A child was operated for small intestine mass with intussusception and after the operation the tumor was diagnosed in histological section. Which is the most likely tumor associated? | [
"Carcinoid",
"Villous adnoma",
"Lymphoma",
"Smooth muscle tumor"
] | C | SMALL-BOWEL NEOPLASM - MC tumor of small bowel: Leiomyoma > Adenoma - MC tumor of small bowel in children : Lymphoma - MC malignant tumor of small bowel : Adenocarcinoma >Carcinoid - MC site of small bowel malignancy, carcinoids, lymphoma: Ileum | train | med_mcqa | null |
Virchow method of organ removal is ? | [
"Organs removed en masse",
"Organs removed one by one",
"In situ dissection",
"None"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Organs removed one by one Methods of removal of organs Virchow's technique - organs are removed one by one. Cranial cavity is exposed first, followed by thoracic, cervical & abdominal organs. Rokitansky's technique - It involves in situ dissection in pa, combined with en block removal. Lettulle's tech... | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is the name of this device, used to measure subscapular skin fold thickness? | [
"Orchidometer",
"Vernier callipers",
"Harpenden Callipers",
"Shakir's tape"
] | C | Harpenden callipers- used to measure the skin fold thickness. Measured over the following areas:- Subscapular Biceps Triceps areas. Other options:- Orchidometer- used to measure volume of testicles. Shakir's tape- used to measure MUAC Vernier callipers- used to measure diameter of object | train | med_mcqa | null |
Microalbuminuria is defined as amount of the albumin passing in urine | [
"30-Mar",
"30-300",
"400-400",
"800-1200"
] | B | (30-300): (687 Harsh Mohan 6th edition)MICROALBUMINURIA - refers to the excretion of amounts of albumin too small to detect by urinary dipstick or conventional measures of urine protein. It is a good screening test for early detection of renal disease and may be a marker for the presence of microvascular disease in gen... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Popcorn calcification in mammography is seen in - | [
"Fibroadenoma",
"Fat necrosis",
"Cystosarcoma phylloides",
"Ca Breast"
] | A | "Large lobulated (popcorn) calcification have a characteristic mammographic appearance" - Robbins
Fibroadenomas are the most common benign tumors of breast. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Posterior triangle lymph nodes are | [
"Level 4",
"Level 5",
"Level 6",
"Level 7"
] | B | ISub mandibulaeIIUpper deep cervicalIIIMid-cervicalIVLower cervicalVPosterior triangleVIPre laryngeal/pre trachealVIIMediastinalRef: Bailey and love pg: 764 | train | med_mcqa | null |
A pregnant female presented with a family history of diabetes. Her glucose tolerance test (GTT) is positive. All of the following are TRUE about GTT, EXCEPT: | [
"It is useful in reactive hypoglycemia",
"Fasting of 8-12 hours is required",
"Most impoant sample is at 2 hours",
"Patient is instructed to drink glucose within 10 minutes"
] | D | Glucose tolerance test (GTT): After an 8-12 h overnight fast, a fasting blood glucose sample is drawn, and the patient ingests a 75-g oral glucose load (100 g for gestational DM screening, 1.75 mg/kg ideal body weight in children up to 75 g). The glucose load is consumed within 5 minutes. Blood is drawn at 30 min, 1, 2... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which procedure is being done in the patient? | [
"Applanation tonometry",
"A scan ultrasonography",
"Indentation tonometry",
"Keratometry"
] | C | Ans. (c) Indentation tonometryRef: Parson's 22/e. p. 126The instrument in the image is a Schiotz tonometer - which is based on principle of Indentation tonometry - a plunger will indent and thus displace aqueous to raise IOP more in a soft eye than a hard eye. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pathological jealousy is? | [
"Delusion of infidelity",
"Delusion of love",
"Delusion of double",
"Delusion of grandiose"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Delusion of infidelity Morbid jealousy (Pathological jealousy)* Also referred to as delusional jealously, obsessive jealousy and Othello syndrome. This condition occurs when a person feels an unreasonable fear that a partner has been unfaithful, is presently unfaithful, or plans to be unfaithful.* Mor... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Caldwell Iuc approach opens - | [
"Maxillary sinus",
"Frontal sinus",
"Sphenoid sinus",
"Ethmoid sinus"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Type of reaction in Type I Lepra reaction is | [
"Type I",
"Type II",
"Type III",
"TypeIV"
] | D | Type IV delayed Hypersensitivity reaction
Lepra reactions
Type 1 reaction is also called as “Downgrading” or “reversal” reaction
• It occurs in Borderline Leprosy
• It is type “IV delayed Hypersensitivity reaction”. | train | med_mcqa | null |
SAFE strategy is used for | [
"Trachoma",
"Onchocerciasis",
"Diabetic retinopathy",
"Glaucoma"
] | A | Trachoma blindness Trachoma is a leading cause of preventable blindness. Effective interventions have been demonstrated in developing nations using the &;SAFE strategy&;. SAFE strategy: &;S&;urgery to correct lid deformity and prevent blindness, &;A&;ntibiotics for acute infections and community control, &;F&;acial hyg... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In eosphageal perforation all are seen except- | [
"Pain",
"Bradycardia",
"Fever",
"Hypotension"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
The treatment of Hodgkin's disease of stomach is - | [
"Gastric resection",
"None of these",
"Purely medical",
"Gastric resection and chemotherapy"
] | D | • Primary gastric Hodgkin’s disease is extremely rare (<1% of all gastric lymphomas)
• Stomach is the MC site of primary extranodal lymphoma in adults
Etiology:
• Association of classic Hodgkin’s disease with EBV
• LMP1 (Latent Membrane Protein 1) an essential EBV protein, commonly expressed and associated with the pat... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Galactosemia is due to the deficiency of: | [
"Galactose-1-Phosphatase",
"Glucose-1-Phosphatase",
"Galcatose-1-Phosphate uridyl transferase",
"Glucose-6-Phosphatase"
] | C | Ans. C. Galcatose-1-Phosphate uridyl transferaseGalactosemia is due to the deficiency of Gal-1-P-uridyl transferase. It can lead to jaundice and mental retardation. The clinical features of galactosemia are:a. Vomitingb. Jaundicec. Seizuresd. Lethargye. Oil Drop Cataractf. Liver failure | train | med_mcqa | null |
Low prevalence and high incidence is seen in? | [
"Highly fatal disease",
"Easily curable disease",
"Highly infectious low moality disease",
"Chronic disease"
] | A | Prevalence= incidence multiplied by mean duration The above equation shows that longer the duration greater the prevalence If the disease is of sho duration either because of rapid recovery or death the prevalence rate will be relatively low compared with the incidence rate Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Prevent... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Corpus luteum cyst occurs due to: | [
"HCG",
"HPL",
"Estrogen",
"Progesterone"
] | A | Grandiose lutein cyst
Functional, non neoplastic.enlargement of the ovary.:,
Persistent corpus luteum cyst may cause local pain,
tenderness or delayed menstruation
Cysts are often palpable clinically
Usually resolve spontaneously
Theca lutein cyst
They are associated tropphoblastic disease, chorionic gonadotrophin ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Following condition may occur in all of the following except | [
"Infective endocarditis",
"Sickle cell disease",
"Celiac disease",
"Thrombocythemia"
] | A | Splenic atrophy—sickle-cell disease due to infarction, celiac disease, dermatitis herpetiformis, ulcerative colitis, essential thrombocythemia.
In infective endocarditis—splenomegaly (40%). | train | med_mcqa | null |
TY2 of digoxin is - | [
"24 hrs",
"40 hrs",
"48 hrs",
"60 hrs"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 40 hrs. o T1/2 of digoxin --> 40 hrs o T'/2 of digitoxin --->5-7 days | train | med_mcqa | null |
The difference between malingering and hysteria is | [
"Hypnosis",
"Malingering has poor prognosis",
"Hysteria is more common in females",
"Consciousmotive in malingering"
] | D | D i.e. Conscious motive in malingeringThe most impoant difference between hysteria & malingering is that- In Malingering patient intentionally produces symptoms (conscious motive)Q.In Hysteria (conversion disorder), patient does not intentionally produces symptomsQ. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Steroids are useful in treating Tuberculosis patient with- | [
"Endobronchial tuberculosis",
"Tuberculous osteomyelitis",
"Lymphadenitis",
"Pneumonia"
] | C | Glucocoicoids reduce inflammation and limit tissue damage; they are currently recommended when treating pericardial ,lymphadenitis patients having TB or meningeal disease, and in children with endobronchial disease. They may confer benefit in TB of the ureter, pleural effusions and extensive pulmonary disease, and can ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Anti-carcinogens are | [
"Carotenoids",
"Flavonoids",
"Curcumoids",
"Benzene"
] | A | Carotenoids: The carotenoids are responsible for most of the yellow and red colours of fruits and flowers, and they provide the brilliance of fall when the chlorophyll molecules are degraded to reveal the carotenoids. In addition to their role in transferring energy to reaction centres, the carotenoids serve a safeguar... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Bones of the cranial base include which of the following? | [
"Maxilla, mandible, and cranial vault",
"Ethmoid, sphenoid, and occipital",
"Palatal, nasal, and zygoma",
"Frontal and parietal"
] | B | The cranial base includes, from anterior to posterior, the ethmoid, sphenoid, and occipital bones. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.