question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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Wood's lamp light is used in the diagnosis of : | [
"Tinea capitis",
"Candida albicans",
"Histoplasma",
"Cryptococcos"
] | A | A i.e. Tinea Capitis | train | med_mcqa | null |
Brown tumors are seen in: | [
"Hypeparathyroidism",
"Pigmented villonodular synovitis",
"Osteomalacia",
"Neurofibromatosis"
] | A | Brown tumors are highly vascular lytic lesions of the skeleton seen in both primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism. They result from the accumulation of abundant fibrovascular tissue and osteoclast like giant cells. Ref: Robbin's Basic Pathology, 7th Edition, Pages 1186, 1286; Ohopaedic Pathology By Vincent J. Vigor... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 50-year-old man came with the complaint of a headache and raised intracranial tension. Radiological examination revealed a brain tumor compressing Supraoptic nucleus in the hypothalamus. Which of the following hormone is decreased? | [
"Adrenocoicotropic hormone (ACTH)",
"Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)",
"Growth hormone",
"Antidiuretic Hormone"
] | D | ADH is formed primarily in the supraoptic nuclei, whereas oxytocin is formed primarily in the paraventricular nuclei whereas other hormones are from the anterior pituitary. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are habbit disorders, except: | [
"Thumb sucking",
"Tics",
"Temper tantrums",
"Nail biting"
] | B | Tics are rapid and reccurent moments for brief duration and it is not included under habbit disorders. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A young lady can be counselled for sterilization operation in all except: | [
"A woman having no or few children may undergo sterilization",
"Woman with HIV either taking or not taking A can go for sterilization",
"Husband consent is Present",
"Young lactating women more than 25 years can go for sterilization"
] | A | Ans. a. A woman having no or few children may undergo sterilizationGuidelines for sterilization:Age of husband not less than 25 years and should not be over 50 yearsAge of wife: not less than 20 years or not more than 45 yearsShould be having 2 living childrenIf couple has three or more living children the lower limit ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is most commonly responsible for traveler's diarrhea? | [
"E.coli",
"Rotavirus",
"Shigella",
"Ascaria"
] | A | Traveler's Diarrhea is defined as three or more unformed stools in 24 hours passed by a traveler, commonly accompanied by abdominal cramps, nausea, and bloating. Its diagnosis does not imply a specific organism, but enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is the most commonly isolated pathogen. Most cases are self-limited. Ro... | train | med_mcqa | null |
During exercise increase in O2 delivery to muscles is because of all except: | [
"Oxygen dissociation curve shifts to left",
"Increased stroke volume",
"Increased extraction of oxygen from the blood",
"Increased blood flow to muscles"
] | A | Oxygen dissociation curve shifts to left Exercise has been repoed to produce an increase in 2,3-BPG within 60 mins, although the rise may not occur in trained athletes. The P50 is also increased during exercise, because the temperature rises in active tissues and CO2 and metabolites accumulate, lowering the pH. In addi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 30-year-old G2P1L1 at 37 weeks gestational age is here for a routine visit. Her first was a vaginal delivery of a 4.3 kgs baby boy after 30 min of pushing. This fetus is breech. Vaginal exam demonstrates that the cervix is 50% effaced and 1 to 2 cm dilated. The presenting breech is high out of the pelvis. The estimat... | [
"Allow the patient to undergo a vaginal breech delivery whenever she goes into labor",
"Cesarean section now",
"Pinard's maneuver can be done for delivery of extended legs",
"Schedule an external cephalic version in the next few days"
] | B | -External cephalic version can be done in this case because Period of gestation is 37 weeks(ideal time) Liquor is adequate - Frank breech is the best breech for vaginal delivery, so a trial of labor is given. whereas in case of footling breech, an Elective L.S.C.S is done. - Vaginal breech delivery can be assisted and ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Risk period for maximum fetal damage by congenital rubella - | [
"First trimester of pregnancy",
"Second trimester of pregnancy",
"Third trimester of pregnancy",
"Risk is same throughout the pregnancy"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., First trimester of pregnancy In general, the earlier in pregnancy infection occurs, the greater the damage to the fetus. Maximum damage to the fetus occurs when infection is acquired in the first trimester of pregnancy.Rubellao Rubella virus belongs to togavirus family - enveloped RNA virus .o Only on... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Gower sign is classical of one of the following condition - | [
"Congenital myopathy",
"Werdig-Hoffman disease",
"Duchenne muscular dystrophy",
"Guillain-Barre syndrome"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Duchenne muscular dystrophy | train | med_mcqa | null |
Scientist who won Nobel prize for research in split brain personality? | [
"Penfield",
"Roger Sperry",
"Michael Morgis",
"George D. Snell"
] | B | (B) Roger Sperry# Roger Sperry being awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1981.> Sperry received the prize for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres.> With the help of so-called "split brain" patients, he carried out experiments, and for the first time in h... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Loudness recruitment phenomenon is associated with | [
"Retrocochlear deafness",
"Conductive deafness",
"Sensorineural deafness",
"Cochlear deafness"
] | D | Ans. d (Cochlear deafness) (Ref. Dhingra 3rd ed., 4, 49; 29, 148)The rapid growth of loudness in ears with sensorineural hearing loss is known as loudness recruitment. Its presence helps signify that the hearing loss is caused by pathology within the cochlea. Recruitment is a symptom of cochlear pathology associated wi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 45-year-old man from southern China is diagnosed with a nasopharyngeal tumor. Histologically, this neoplasm is composed of anaplastic cells immunoreactive for cytokeratin admixed with abundant lymphocytes. Which of the following factors is MOST likely implicated in the pathogenesis of this neoplasm? | [
"Cigarette smoking",
"Epstein-Barr virus infection",
"Ionizing radiation",
"Overexpression of the bcl-2 gene"
] | B | The neoplasm described here is known as lymphoepithelioma, an inappropriate designation that emphasizes the histologic features of a lymphocyte-rich squamous cell carcinoma. This tumor, AKA nasopharyngeal carcinoma, is the most frequent childhood malignancy in ceain African regions and one of the most frequent adult tu... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A soft granuloma is typically found in - | [
"Amoeboma",
"Leprosy",
"Tuberculosis",
"Gumma"
] | C | Soft granuloma (soft tubercle) is seen in TB. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Phase II block is seen with - | [
"SCh infusion",
"Single doseSCh",
"Mivacurium",
"None of the above"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., SCh infusion o Under certain conditions depolarizing agents produce dual mechanism of neuromuscular blockade which can be divided into two phases :a) Phase 1 blockRapid in onsetResult from persistant depolarization of muscle end plate.Has classical features of depolarization block.Block is not antogon... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The progesterone component of oral contraceptive pills acts by : | [
"Preventing ovulation",
"Inhibiting implantation",
"Bringing about alterations in cervical mucus",
"All of the above"
] | D | Action of OCPs: 1.The combined oral pill suppresses pituitary hormones,FSH and LH peak and through their suppression prevents ovulation. 2.Progestogen causes atrophic changes in the endometrium and prevents nidation. Progestogen also acts on the cervical mucus making it thick and tenacious and impenetrable by sperms. 3... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Closing of the mitral valve begins at point: | [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
] | A | At point D, the pressure within the left ventricle is less than the pressure in the left atrium, and, therefore, the mitral valve opens and ventricular filling begins. At point A, the ventricle begins to contract, raising its pressure above that in the atrium and closing the mitral valve. The aortic valve opens at point... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Multinucleate giant cells are seen in Tzank smear in ? | [
"Herpesgenitalis",
"Bullous pemphigoid",
"Toxic epidermal necolysis",
"Pemphigus"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Herpes genitalis | train | med_mcqa | null |
Compartment syndrome is confirmed at pressure above | [
"30 mm Hg",
"40 mm Hg",
"50 mm Hg",
"35 mm Hg"
] | A | Ans. (a) 30 mm HgRef Bailey and Love 27th edition Page 408Compartment Syndrome:* MC cause - Fracture (70%)* Other causes:# Soft tissue contusion# Bleeding disorders# Circumferential Burns# Post ischemic swelling# Tight Casts/Dressings# IV fluids extravasation* C/F- Pain on passive stretch (Early Sign), Late sign (pulse... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Glucose is reabsorbed in | [
"PCT",
"DCT",
"Loop of Henle",
"Collecting tubules"
] | A | Ans. a (PCT). (Ref. Ganong, Physiology, 21st/pg.713; Table 38-6.)PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE (PCT) - "Workhorse of the nephron".# Reabsorbs all of the glucose, inorganic phosphate, Cl, lactate and amino acids and most of the bicarbonate, sodium, and water.# Secretes ammonia, which acts as a buffer for secreted H\Transpo... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Child with which of the following throat infection needs systemic antibiotic therapy – | [
"Pneumococci",
"B. hemolytic streptococci",
"Staph aureus",
"All of the above"
] | D | All the given organisms are normally found in throat.
But, the term infection is not used when they normally reside in throat.
Infection means, they are causing clinical manifestation, therefore require antibiotic treatment. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Temperature regulation is chiefly under the control of:September 2007 | [
"Midbrain",
"Pons",
"Medulla",
"Hypothalamus"
] | D | Ans. D: HypothalamusThermoregulation in both ectotherms and endotherms is controlled mainly by the preoptic area of the anterior hypothalamus.Such homeostatic control is separate from the sensation of temperature | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cochlear involvement more than vestibular involvement drug ? | [
"Sisomycin",
"Kanamycin",
"Gentamycin",
"Streptomycin"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Kanamycin | train | med_mcqa | null |
10 years old child with 10 days continuous fever with soft, enlarged spleen, diagnosis is- | [
"Enteric fever",
"Malarial",
"Hodgkins disease",
"Meningitis"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Enteric fever In malaria there is no continuous fever for 10 days and In meningitis there is no splenomegaly. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Earliest finger to be involved in Dupuytren's contracture - | [
"Little finger",
"Ring finger",
"Middle finger",
"Index finger"
] | B | Dupuytren&;s contracture is characterised by flexion deformity of one or more fingers due to thickening and shoening of palmar aponeurosis. The contracture is generally limited to medial 3 fingers. Among these ring finger is the one affected most commonly. Reference-Essential ohopaedics- Maheshwari -5th edn-pg no 302 | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 70 kg young athlete was planned for surgery. During anesthesia, vecuronium was not available, so repeated doses of succinylcholine was given intermittently up to 640 mg. During recovery, the patient was not able to spontaneously respire and move limbs. What is the cause? | [
"Pseudocholinesterase deficiency",
"Phase II blockade",
"Muscle weakness due to repeated fasciculations",
"Undiagnosed muscular dystrophy"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
In functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) opening is made through? | [
"Sphenoethmoidal recess",
"Osteomeatal complex",
"Inferior turbinate",
"Middle turbinate"
] | B | Ans. is'b'i.e., Osteomeatal complex[Ref HeaddNeckSurgery -otolnryryologlt,Vol. l byByronl.Bailey,lonasT.Ionson,ShawnD. Newlands4h/ep. 459; Textbook Of Oral and maxillofacial Surgery (full colour) l/eByNeelimaAniL p. 583Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS):FESS is minimally invasive technique in which sinus air ce... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Diameter of the optic disc is – | [
"0.5 mm",
"1.5 mm",
"2.5mm",
"3.5 mm"
] | B | Actually, optic disc is vertically oval with vertical diameter 1.88 mm and horizontal diameter 1.76 mm. However, some textbooks (like khurana) have metioned it as circular area of 1.5 mm diameter. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pogonion is | [
"Most inferior point on the contour of the chin",
"Lowest point on the syrn physeal outline",
"Most posterior inferior point on the angle of the mandible",
"Anterior most point on the contour of the chin"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
The longer and more parallel opposing walls of a cast restoration | [
"The greater the retention",
"The greater the resistance",
"The greater the compressive strength",
"The greater the tensile strength"
] | A | The gingival-to-occlusal divergence of these preparation walls may range from 2 to 5 degrees per wall from the line of draw. If the vertical walls are unusually short, a maximum of 2 degrees occlusal divergence is desirable to increase retention potential. As the occlusogingival height increases, the occlusal divergenc... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Greisinger's sign is suggestive of- | [
"Acute mastoiditis with lateral sinus thrombosis",
"Maxillary cancer with spread to nasal cavity",
"Rhinosporidiosis",
"Jugular vein thrombosis"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Acute mastoiditis with lateral sinus thrombosis Signs of lateral sinus thrombosis (sigmoid sinus thrombosis)o Griesinger's sign:- odema over the posterior part of mastoid due to thrombosis of mastoid emissary veinso Papilloedemao Tobey-Ayer testo Crowe-Beck test:- Pressure on jugular vein of healthy s... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which drug may aggravate renovascular hypeension | [
"ACE inhibitors",
"Beta blockers",
"Calcium channel blockers",
"Thiazide diuretics"
] | A | ACE inhibitors REF: Harrison 17th ed chapter 241 Deterioration of renal function or deterioration of renal function associated with an ACE inhibitor should raise the possibility of renovascular hypeension. These agents decrease glomerular filtration rate in the stenotic kidney owing to efferent renal aeriolar dilation.... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The normal gain in length in a full term baby at first 6 months of life is | [
"6cms",
"9 cms",
"15 cms",
"24 cms"
] | C | At bih length : 50cms At 3 months : 60cms At 6 months: 65 cms At 1yr: 75 cms Hence gain in length in a full term baby at first 6 months of life is 15cms Ref: Ghai, 9th edition, Table 2.3 | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 75-year-old woman presented with an enlarging lesion on the upper back of 3 years' duration. She had multiple co-morbidities. On examination, there was a 4-cm diameter erythematous, shiny plaque. A punch biopsy showed superficial basal cell carcinoma. It was decided to treat her with imiquimod. What is the recommende... | [
"3 times per week for 8 weeks",
"5 times per week for 6 weeks",
"Alternate days for 4 weeks",
"Daily for 3 weeks"
] | B | Imiquimod is immune modulator MOA-acts on TLR 7,8 (agonist)Indication1. Anogenital wa=3T/week2. Actinic keratosis= 2T/week3. Superficial BCC= 5T/weekTopical application is carried out. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hostile witness is covered under IPC section | [
"191",
"192",
"193",
"194"
] | A | Sec 191 IPC states that whoever, being legally bound by an oath or by an express provision of law to state the truth, or being bound by law to make a declaration upon any subject, makes any statement which is false, and which he either knows or believes to be false or does not believe to be true, is said to give false ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Primary prevention includes | [
"Immunization",
"Chorionic villi sampling",
"Pap smear",
"Self breast examination"
] | A | Primary prevention is defined as action taken prior to the onset of the disease which removes the possibility that a disease will ever occur. It includes health promotion and specific protection. Health promotion includes health education + environmental modifications+ nutritional interventions+ lifestyle and behaviora... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following diuretic can lead to Erectile dysfunction? | [
"Loop diuretics",
"Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor",
"Thiazide diuretics",
"Mannitol"
] | C | Thiazide diuretics can cause erectile dysfunction. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Paltauf haemorrhages in drowning are seen in the following organ: | [
"Brain",
"Muscles",
"Skin",
"Lungs"
] | D | In drowning, the alveolar walls may rupture due to increased pressure during forced expirations, and produce hemorrhages, which when present subpleurally are called 'Paltauf's hemorrhages'. They are shining, pale bluish-red, and may be minute or 3-5 cm. in diameter. They are usually present in about 50% of cases in the... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Dried semen stains on clothes identified by - | [
"Spectrometry",
"UV rays",
"Infrared rays",
"LASER"
] | B | Ref: the synopsis of forensic medicine &toxicology-Dr.K.S. Narayana reddy 28th edition pg no:236 proof of semen: the only absolute prrof of semen is the finding of atl;east one unbroken spermatozoon,or electrophoretic LDH isoenzyme detection of sperms. in the absence of spermatozoa, a stain which gives characteristic f... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Strong belief about something but which lacks complete conviction | [
"Delusion",
"Phobia",
"Obsession",
"Over valued belief"
] | D | (D) Over valued belief # DELUSION is a false belief that is not supported by fact and cannot be challenged successfully by logic or reason.> False belief is not considered a delusion if it is shared by other members of the person's own cultural or social group.> False beliefs that can change in the face of strong evide... | train | med_mcqa | null |
During 2nd year of life, an average child can grow ____________ | [
"12-15cm",
"20-25cm",
"30-40cm",
"40-50cm"
] | A | The infant measures approximately 50 cm at bih, 60 cm at 3 months, 65 cm at 6 months 70 cm at 9 months, 75 cm at 1 year and 90 cm at 2 years. A normal Indian child is 100 cm tall at the age of 4 years. Thereafter, the child gains about 6 cm in height every year, until the age of 12 years. After this, increments in heig... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Chloroquine is useful in | [
"Discoid lupus erythematous",
"Rheumatoid ahritis",
"Infectious mononucleosis",
"All of the above"
] | D | All of the above arr correct Refer KDT 6/e p 786 Discoid lupus erythematous Rheumatoid ahritis Infectious mononucleosis. Are Crct | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about post-spinal headache are all except | [
"Relieved by lying down",
"Frontal or occipital",
"Can prevented by using small bore needle",
"Old age is a risk factor"
] | D | Post-spinal headache is due to seepage of CSF through the dural puncture site. It is irrespective of age and usually influenced by factors like gauge of the needle, hydration status of the patient, shape of the cutting edge | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is likely to cause obstructive shock? | [
"Myocardial infarction",
"Dysrhythmia",
"Tension pneumothorax",
"Valvular heart disease"
] | C | Common causes of obstructive shock include cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, massive pulmonary embolus and air embolus. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is an ionotropic receptor? | [
"Muscarinic cholinergic receptor",
"Nicotinic cholinergic receptor",
"Glucocoicoid receptor",
"Insulin receptor"
] | B | Nicotinic cholinergic receptor- Ionotropic receptor Muscarinic cholinergic receptor- G-protein coupled receptor Glucocoicoid receptor- Intracellular receptor Insulin receptor- Enzymatic receptor | train | med_mcqa | null |
A laceration on the scalp is mistaken for | [
"Firearm wound",
"Incised wound",
"Stab wound",
"Contusion"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Incised wound LACERATIONS (Tear or Rupture)* Lacerations are tears or splits of skin, mucous membrane and underlying tissue (e.g., muscle or internal organs). Lacerations are produced by application of blunt force to broad area of the body, which crush or stretch tissues beyond the limits of their ela... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In a school within an unimmunized coho of 100 children, 1 child developed measles on January 1st. Following this, 35 children developed measles of which 3 cases occured on January 3rd and the remaining 2-3 weeks later. What is the SAR ? | [
"35%",
"33.30%",
"32%",
"36.50%"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 33.3% Primary case = 1 o Children developed disease after first case = 35 o Out of these, 3 occured within 2 days of the first case ---> These cases are not due to exposure to first case because minimum IP of measles is 10 days after fever and 14 days after rash. So, minimum 10 days are required to de... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A child presented to the casualty with seizures. On examination multiple oval hypo-pigmented macules were noted on the trunk, along with sub-normal IQ. Probable diagnosis of the child is: | [
"Neurofibromatosis",
"Sturge-Weber syndrome",
"Tuberous Sclerosis",
"Incontinentia Pigmenti"
] | C | Cardinal features :-skin lesions -Hypopigmented macules (ash leaf macules), Sub-normal IQ ( mental retardation ) Seizures point towards a diagnosis of Tuberous sclerosis. MAJOR CRITERIA (AT LEAST 2 NEEDED TO DX) Pulmonary lymphangio leiomyomatosis Ungual fibroma Shagreen patch Hypomelanotic macules (>=3) Cardiac rhabdo... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Rarely indicates organic diseaseFor the above causes of sexual dysfunction, select the most likely clinical feature. | [
"loss of sexual desire",
"failure of erection with absent nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT)",
"absence of emission",
"absence of orgasm with normal libido and erectile function"
] | D | An absent orgasm, when libido and erectile function are normal, invariably indicates that organic disease is absent. Loss of desire can also be caused by psychologic disturbance, but may indicate androgen deficiency or drug effect. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following statements regarding Seoli cells are TRUE, EXCEPT: | [
"Secretes inhibin",
"Secretes androgen binding protein",
"Stimulated by LH",
"Forms blood-testis barrier"
] | C | Seoli cells are stimulated by pituitary FSH surface FSH receptors and by testosterone from the Leydig cells cytoplasmic receptors. The FSH stimulated seoli cells produce androgen binding protein which binds testosterone and is carried into the fluid of the seminiferous tubule where it exes a strong influence on the cou... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are biochemical markers included for triple test except: | [
"Alfa feto protein (AFP)",
"Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)",
"Human Placental Lactogen (HPL)",
"Unconjugated oestriol"
] | C | Dual test - Upto 12 weeks : PAPP-A and hCG : NT > 3mm , High hCG and Low PAPP-A are suggestive of Trisomy Triple test - from 16th week onwards : MSAFP, hCG , uE3 : High hCG, Low MSAFP and Low uE3 are suggestive of Trisomy Quadruple (Quad) test - MSAFP, hCG , uE3, inhibin: In addition to Triple test, Inhibin A higher th... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 30 year old male presents with pain on the right flank and hematuria . A CECT abdomen reveals a large 8x8 cm sized solid mass in the right kidney and 3x3 cm solid mass occupying the upper pole of left kidney . The most appropriate surgical treatment for this pt is ? | [
"Bilateral radical nephrectomy",
"Right radical nephrectomy and biopsy of the mass from opposite kidney",
"Right radical nephrectomy and left paial nephrectomy.",
"Right radical nephrectomy and left paial nephrectomy."
] | C | Ans is (c) i.e Right radical nephrectomy and left paial nephrectomy This male pt. with flank pain, hematuria and demonstration of a solid renal mass is having renal cell carcinoma (in clinical practice any solid renal mass is considered RCC untill proved otherwise) For patients with bilateral RCCs, paial nephrectomy wi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Apart from T & B lymphocytes, the other class of lymphocytes is - | [
"Macrophages",
"Astrocytes",
"NK cells",
"Langerhans cells"
] | C | Lymphoid cells
The cells of the lymphoid system are lymphocytes.
On the basis of function and surface markers, there are two major types of lymphocytes-
T- cells
B- cells
When circulating lymphocytes are classified by their surface markers into T and B cells, about 5-10 percent of cells are found to lack feature... | train | med_mcqa | null |
ADPKD patient taking TOLVAPTAN complaining of symptoms of abdomen pain and loose stools Which of these is the likely cause | [
"colonic Diveiculosis",
"Diveiculitis",
"Appendicitis",
"side effects of tolvoptan"
] | D | SIDE EFFECTS OF TOLVAPTAN Thirst Dry mouth Hypernatremia Renal dysfunction Nausea , Vomiting Abdominal pain Muscle cramp ref: kd tripathi pharmacology | train | med_mcqa | null |
Superior wall of middle ear is formed by ? | [
"Tympanic membrane",
"Jugular bulb",
"Tegmen tympani",
"None"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Tegmen tympani Roof (superior wall) of middle ear is formed by tegmen tympani. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Antigenic shift and drift occurs in | [
"Influenza",
"Mumps",
"Measles",
"Rubella"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Two students, Vineet and Kamlesh were asked to demonstrate in dogs the role of sinus nerve in hypovolemic shock. Vineet severed the sinus nerve when the mean blood pressure (MBP) was 85 mm Hg and Kamlesh cut the sinus nerve when the mean blood pressure was 60 mm Hg. On cutting the sinus nerve | [
"Vineet recorded the increase in MBP but Kamlesh recorded a decrease in MBP",
"Vineet recorded a decrease in MBP but Kamlesh recorded an increase in MBP",
"Both recorded an increase in MBP",
"Both recorded a decrease in MBP"
] | A | Carotid sinus activation decreases cardiac contractility, heart rate and BP. When the sinus nerve is cut, the control is lost and the mean BP increases. This happens only if the mean BP is above 70mmHg.
Normally when mean BP is below 70mmHg, the chemoreceptors get stimulated to cause an increase in BP. At that level o... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Carpel tunnel syndrome is caused by all, EXCEPT: | [
"Amylodosis",
"Hypothyroidism",
"Addisson's disease",
"Diabetes mellitus"
] | C | Carpal tunnel syndrome (tardy median palsy) is the result of compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel. Conditions leading to CTS are: pregnancy, history of repetitive use of hands, following injury of the wrist, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid ahritis, inflammatory tenosynovitis, myxedema, localized amylo... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient presents with abdominal distension. X-ray of the patient is shown below. What is the probable diagnosis? | [
"Sigmoid volvulus",
"Caecal volvulus",
"Midgut volvulus",
"None of the above"
] | B | This image is Caecal volvulus, because it is in clockwise direction.
Sigmoid volvulus will be in anticlockwise direction. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Post-transplant lymphoma occurs due to proliferation of which of the following cells - | [
"T cell",
"B cell",
"NK cell",
"Monocyte"
] | B | Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are a diverse group of abnormal lymphoid growths that include both hyperplasias and neoplasias.
They have been divided into several general pathologic categories that have prognostic significance.
These include early or hyperplastic PTLD, polymorphic PTLD, and lympho... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The anaesthetic agent which should NOT be used in a patient with previous history of halothane induces hepatitis is: | [
"Methoxyflurane",
"Sevoflurane",
"Isoflurane",
"Ketamine"
] | A | Halothane causes idiosyncratic type liver injury. It is genetically predisposed. Jaundice is usually noted 7-10 days after the exposure. Because of the cross reaction between halothane and methoxyflurane, it should not be used in a patient with halothane reaction. Ref: Harrison, Edition-18, Page-2564 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Each of the following open into the pterygopalatine fossa, EXCEPT: | [
"Foramen rotundum",
"Pterygoid canal",
"Pharyngeal canal",
"Infraorbital foramen"
] | D | The infraorbital foramen transmits the infraorbital nerve and vessels onto the face. It has no connection with the pterygopalatine fossa. Must know:The pterygopalatine fossa is an irregular space where neurovascular structures course through to the nasal cavity, palate, pharynx, orbit and face. The neurovascular struct... | train | med_mcqa | null |
At what cervical level spinal cord circumference is maximum? | [
"C4",
"C5",
"C6",
"C7"
] | C | Maximum spinal cord circumference is at level c6 BD CHAURASIA S HUMAN ANATOMY Vol1 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Rhabdomyolysis is caused by - | [
"Sea snake",
"Cobra",
"Viper",
"Krait"
] | A | sea snake Venom -- myotoxic Rhabdomyolysis is a condition that occurs due to the breakdown of muscle tissue. REF;THE SYNOPSIS OF FORENSIC MEDICINE:KS NARAYANA REDDY;28th EDITION;PAGE NO322 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Key symptom in alcohol withdrawal syndrome is: | [
"Sleep disturbance",
"Visual hallucinations",
"Tremors",
"Delirium"
] | C | Ans: C. TremorsKey symptom - Tremor.Withdrawal SyndromesSubstanceFeaturesOpioidYawningdeg, Insomnia, Dysphoric moodWater loss from different orificesdeg (Lacrimationdeg, sweatingdeg, diarrheadeg, vomiting, Increased vitalsdeg (BP, Pulse, RR, Temperature)degPupillary dilation, piloerectiondegAlcoholHang over (MC)degHall... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 32-year old male with no past medical history is brought to the emergency depament after being injured in a bomb blast. On examination he is suspected to have a splenic injury and is supposed to undergo an emergency laparotomy. Which of the following is the ideal anaesthetic agent of choice? | [
"Remifentan",
"Morphine",
"Etomidate",
"Halothane"
] | C | Ans. c. Etomidate | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common type of rhabdomyosarcoma is? | [
"Pleomorphic",
"Embryonal",
"Alveolar",
"Botryoid"
] | B | MC sarcoma in infancy or childhood is embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. In some cases, it manifests as a polypoid grapelike mass (sarcoma botryoides). MC sarcoma in the bladder in adults is leiomyosarcoma | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common cancer that metastasizes to leptomeninges : | [
"Lung cancer",
"Breast cancer",
"Prostate cancer",
"Ovarian cancer"
] | B | Most common cancer that metastasizes to brain : Lung cancer.
Most common cancer that metastasizes to leptomeninges : Breast cancer. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Insulin increases the activity of | [
"HMG-CoA reductase",
"HMG-CoA lyase",
"HMG-CoA synthase",
"Thiolase"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Tuberculous pleural effusion is characterized by all except? | [
"Hemorrhage",
"LDH more than 60%",
"Protein is increased",
"Mesothelial cells"
] | D | Mesothelial cells are found in variable numbers in most effusions, but their presence at greater than 5% of total nucleated cells makes a diagnosis of TB less likely. Markedly increased number of mesothelial cells, especially in bloody eosinophilic effusions, suggests pulmonary embolism as the cause of an effusion. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Characteristic feature of malignant gastric ulcer on Barium meal is: | [
"Hampton line",
"Carmen meniscus sign",
"Ulcer cap",
"Ulcer crater"
] | B | Gastric Ulcer Benign Malignant Ulcer Generally at lesser curvature Smooth radiating folds with Hampton line and collar Overhanging margins showing regeneration Mucosal rugae projects outwards from the margins of ulcer Penetrating sign (ulcer crater projects into stomach wall rather than into a mass in a stomach wall) H... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Not a posterior mediastinal tumor - | [
"Neurofibroma",
"Lymphoma",
"Thymoma",
"Gastroenteric cyst"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is the type of joints between the ossicles of ear? | [
"Fibrous joints",
"Primary cailaginous",
"Secondary cailaginous joints",
"Synol joints"
] | D | D i.e. Synol joint | train | med_mcqa | null |
Screening in general population done in cancers of - | [
"Breast",
"Colon",
"Cervix",
"Ovarian"
] | A | In general population screening is done only to the breast cancer. Ref- Park&;s textbook of Preventive and social Medicine 24th edition. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A common feature of all serine proteases is: | [
"Autocatalytic activitation of zymogen precursor",
"Tight binding of pancreatic trypsin inhibitor",
"Cleavage of protein on the carboxyl site of serine residues",
"Presence of Ser-His_Asp catalytic triad at the active site"
] | D | Serine proteases are a group of powerful enzymes that cut peptide bonds of few proteins. They help in digestion, immunity, clotting and also aid in sperm entering the egg. The active site of serine proteases contain three amino acids serine, histidine and aspaate together referred as the catalytic triad. Ref: Textbook ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In epidemic, 1st step is? | [
"Verification of diagnosis",
"Isolation",
"Immunization",
"Notification"
] | A | The steps in epidemic investigation are :
Verification of diagnosis
Confirmation of the existence of epidemic
Defining the population at risk
Obtaining a map of the area
Counting the population
Rapid search for all cases & their characteristics
Medical survey
Epidemiological case sheet
Searching for more cases
Data an... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Umbilical aeries arise from which fetal vessels? | [
"Aoa",
"Caro d aeries",
"Ductus aeriosus",
"Iliac aeries"
] | D | The paired umbilical aeries arise from the iliac aeries. They supply unoxygenated fetal blood to the placenta. | train | med_mcqa | null |
BCG vaccine in HIV (+) newborn is: | [
"Contraindicated",
"Double dilution",
"Half dilution",
"Dose double"
] | A | Ans (a)BCG vaccine should not be given to infants and children with active HIV disease. Babies born to mother with AFB positive spectum should not be given BCG at birth, but only after a course of preventive chemotherapy. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is true regarding male breast cancer? | [
"Associated with Klinefelter's syndrome (XXY)",
"Infiltrating ductal carcinoma is seen in 15%",
"Commonly seen in young males",
"Treatment is primarily medical"
] | A | Fewer than 1% of all breast cancers occur in men. Male breast cancer is preceded by gynecomastia in 20% of men. It is associated with radiation exposure, estrogen therapy, testicular feminizing syndromes, and Klinefelter's syndrome (XXY). Breast cancer is rarely seen in young males and has a peak incidence in the sixth... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Daily per capita water consumption is – | [
"50-100 litres",
"100-150 litres",
"150–200 litres",
"200-250"
] | C | Water
The basic physiological requirements for drinking water have been estimated at about 2 liters per head per day.
A daily supply of 150-200 liters per capita is considered as an adequate supply to meet the needs for all urban domestic purposes.
In India, 40 liters of water supply per capita per day was the set tar... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Coprolalia is an impoant symptom for which of the following disorder ? | [
"Anxiety disorder",
"Avoidant personality disorder",
"Tourette's disorder",
"Stereotypic movement disorder"
] | C | Diagnosis of Tourette's disorder : History ofmultiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic at some point. Onset < 18 years of age (between 10 -12 years of age ) No tic-free period of > 3 consecutive months in a period of 1 year. Coprolalia occurs in 10% patients of Tourette's syndrome | train | med_mcqa | null |
Under Insecticide Treated Bed N ets Program me, insecticide used is | [
"Deltamethrin",
"Malathion",
"Lindone",
"Fenitrothion"
] | A | Inseccide Treated Bed Nets (ITBN) Programme (esp. deltamethrin) has resulted in significant decline in malaria incidence and API Average decline in anopheline mosquito density - 68% Average decline in cuicine mosquito density - 50%
Chemicals used in ITBN Programme : Synthec pyretheroids Deltamethrin : 2.5% in dosage of... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following rates is not only an indicator of mortality but also of the living standard of a community ? | [
"IMR",
"PNMR",
"MMR",
"CDR"
] | A | Ans: A (IMR) Ref: Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, K. Park, 22nd edition, page 525Explanation:IMR is most important indicator of health status.Latest IMR is 48/1000 live birth in 2011.Infant mortality is largest single age category mortality.Deaths at this age are due to peculiar set of diseases and conditio... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hypercalcemia is seen in all except - | [
"Milk alkali syndrome",
"Hyperparathyroidism",
"VitaminA deficiency",
"Vitamin D intoxication"
] | C | Milk-alkali syndrome (MAS) consists of hypercalcemia, various degrees of renal failure, and metabolic alkalosis due to ingestion of large amounts of calcium and absorbable alkali. ... Physicians and the public need to be aware of the potential adverse effects of ingesting excessive amounts of calcium carbonate. and hyp... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Sunderland classification is used for ? | [
"Nerve injury",
"Muscle injury",
"Tendon injury",
"Ligament injury"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Nerve injury Sunderland is an extension of the seddon classification and includes 5 types of nerve injuries. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A boy with ASOM undrgoing treatment with penicillin therapy for 7 days now presents with subsidence of pain and persistence of deafness, diagnosis is - | [
"Ototoxicity",
"Secretory otitis media",
"Adhesive otitis media",
"Tympanosclerosis"
] | B | Inadequate antibiotic treatment of acute suppurative otitis media may inactivate infection but fail to resolve it completely.
Low grade infection lingers on which acts as a stimulus for the mucosa to secrete more mucus which leads to development of serous/secretory otitis media. | train | med_mcqa | null |
FSH and ICSH play impoant role in ovulatory cycle in females of reproductive age group. They are produced from: | [
"Ovarian follicles",
"Adenohypophysis",
"Corpus luteum",
"Endometrium"
] | B | Gonadotrope cells constitute about 10% of anterior pituitary cells and produce two gonadotropins--LH and FSH. LH is also known as interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH). Like TSH and hCG, LH and FSH are glycoprotein hormones that consist of alpha and beta subunits. Hypothalamic GnRH, a 10-amino-acid peptide, regu... | train | med_mcqa | null |
IPC 300 deals with - | [
"Murder",
"Punishment of murder",
"xAbetment of suicide",
"Attempt of murder"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Murder Indian Penal Codes dealing with offences affecting lifeo 299 IPC : Culpable homicide (not ammounting to murder), i.e., causing death writh the intention of causing death of the person.o 301 IPC: Culpable homicide by causing death of person other than person whose death was intended.o 300 IPC : ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A lady presents with right knee swelling.Aspiration was done in which CPPD crystals were obtained.Next best investigation is | [
"ANA",
"RF",
"CPK",
"TSH"
] | D | Secondary CPPD deposition is associated with hypothyroid,hence TSH level should be assessed. Other conditions: Hyperparathyroidism Hemochromatosis Hypophosphaemia Hypomagnesemia Diabetes | train | med_mcqa | null |
The drug used to treat dry mouth in cancer chemotherapy is | [
"Oxotremorine",
"Methacholine",
"Cevimeline",
"Pilocarpine"
] | C | Cevimeline increase salivary secretions and has a specific use in Sjogren's and xerostomia It is a parasympathomimitic and muscarinic agonist with paicular actions on M1 and M3 receptors. Ref: HL Sharma.3rd ed. Pg 138 | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are complications of diphtheria except ? | [
"Myocarditis",
"Ocular muscel palsy",
"Cerebellar ataxia",
"Hepatic failure"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Hepatic failure | train | med_mcqa | null |
Megaloblastic anaemia due to folic acid deficiency is commonly due to - | [
"Inadequate dietary intake",
"Defective intestinal absorption",
"Absence of folic acid binding protein in serum",
"Absence of glutamic acid in the Intestine"
] | A | <p>Most dietary folate is present as polyglutamates;these are conveed to monoglutamate in the upper small intestine & actively transpoed into plasma.Plasma folate is loosely bound to plasma proteins such as proteins such as albumin & there is an enterohepatic circulation.Total body stores of folate are small & deficien... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is TRUE about desmoid tumors | [
"Alterations in the Aderoniatous Polypotis Coli (APC) / p-coctemia pathway are noted",
"They consist of proliferating malignant-appearing fibroblastic cells with abundant mitose",
"Primary modality of treatment is radiotherapy",
"They have a strong tendency to metastasize"
] | A | . Alterations in the Aderoniatous Polypotis Coli (APC) / p-coctemia pathway are noted | train | med_mcqa | null |
Adverse effects of losaan are all EXCEPT: | [
"Angioedema",
"Cough",
"Hyperkalemia",
"Headache"
] | B | Cough REF: KDT 7th ed p. 488 Side effects of Losaan It may cause hypotension or hyperkalemia but first dose hypotension is uncommon Considered free of cough and dyspepsia Potential angioedema has been repoed in few cases Headache , dizziness , upper GI side effects have been seen and are occasional and mild Losaan is f... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A healthy 28-year old woman stands up from a supine position. Which of the following cardiovascular changes is MOST likely to occur? | [
"Decreased myocardial contractility",
"Decreased total peripheral resistance",
"Dilation of large veins",
"Increased hea rate"
] | D | The baroreceptor mechanism is impoant for maintaining aerial pressure when a person sits or stands from a lying position. When a person suddenly stands, the blood pressure in the brain and upper body tends to fall, which initiates a strong sympathetic discharge throughout the body aimed at returning blood pressure to n... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The sign of retrobulbar neuritis is - | [
"Optic atrophy",
"Papilledema",
"Circumciliary congestion",
"Impairment of color vision"
] | D | Ans- D Optic Neuritis A. Papilitis Most common causes : Multiple sclerosis. Ophthalmoscopic features: Swollen optic disc up to 2 D Hyperemic disc. Disc margins blurred. Clinical feature Usually U/L Sudden loss of vision. Pain on eye movement (retrobulbar neuritis) Marcus gunn pupil or RAPD (Relative Afferent Pupillary ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following bone grafts have osteogenic propeies ? | [
"Calcium sulphate",
"Calcium triphosphate",
"Demineralized bone matrix",
"Bone marrow aspirate"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Bone marrow aspirate | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 28 year old male patient suddenly started experiencing severe pain in lower right abdominal region, the nature of pain was colicky. He underwent USG-KUB; where no stone was evident, but mild hydronephrosis was evident in relation to right kidney. Renal function test was normal and creatinine levels were in normal ran... | [
"CT scan KUB to rule out presence of renal calculi",
"Treat it like pyelonephritis",
"Only plenty of hydration required",
"None of the above"
] | A | Acute Abdominal Pain
Investigations:
Patients should have a full blood count, urea and electrolytes, glucose and amylase taken to look for evidence of dehydration, leucocytosis and pancreatitis. Urinalysis is useful in suspected renal colic and pyelonephritis. An erect chest X-ray may show air under the diaphragm, sug... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cardiac motion is visible with trans vaginal imaging when the embryo length has reached | [
"5 mm",
"10 mm",
"15 mm",
"20 mm"
] | A | Cardiac motion is visible when embryo reaches length of 5mm. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Continuous fixed traction is provided by: | [
"Thomas splint",
"BB splint",
"Hamilton Russel",
"Gallows"
] | A | Thomas splint is commonly used for the immobilization of hip and thigh injuries. The modified Thomas splint adapted the original Thomas splint to include a traction screw and foot plate and limb suppo built into the splint body. | train | med_mcqa | null |
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